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geography and its surrounding neighbours. The destabilizing conflicts that bordered
Tanganyika meant that refugees from the Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda often flooded into Tanganyika. The influx of refugees was a huge issue for Tanganyika so soon after independence. These challenges only emphasized the insecurities of Tanganyika and its people. In addition, Nyerere's growing emphasis on modernisation and his African socialist ideology known as
430:
546:
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promoted fears that the colonial state had attempted to give a disproportionate amount of power to the
European and Asian minority groups living within Tanganyika. This would have undermined the entire basis of Tanganyika independence. TANU installed a deep-rooted fear within the African population that the colonialists might still rule or have influence, even after independence.
591:
rope production, and was one of German East Africa's largest exports. In 1893 there was only one sisal plantation in the country; by 1913 there were 54. In 1913, the country exported over 20,000 tons of sisal, 30% of total exports. To ensure that these resources could be moved easily, several railways were built. The most important of these was the
716:(UTP) by Brian Willis in 1956. However, the party became redundant as it was clear that Nyerere and TANU were going to win the battle over Tanganyikan independence. UTP was less effective due to the Β£4,000 annual salary for Willis which limited the party's effectiveness, as they lacked funds to campaign effectively.
127:
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The German colonial administrations developed the colony through several means. Cultivation of several profitable cash crops such as cotton, sisal, cocoa and coffee were important to developing the colony as these resources were used for German consumers and industry. Sisal was especially valuable to
697:
British rule did have positives for the Asian community living in
Tanganyika, as they were protected by the Britain as they were no longer attacked as they were during the war. Many of them were employed from the Indian administration to work for the Tanganyikan administration. This led to the Asian
641:, which eventually became the independent countries of Kenya and Uganda, and the East African Postal Union, later the East African Posts and Telecommunications Administration. Cooperation expanded with those protectorates and, later, countries in a number of ways, leading to the establishment of the
806:
Although independence came peacefully for
Tanganyika, the country suffered from similar problems with many other post-colonial African countries such as poor financial resources and inadequate levels of infrastructure. However, two of the main factors that burdened Tanganyika's independence was its
558:
came to power in 1806, Omani interests in
Tanzania began to increase. During the early 19th century, with British support, Oman began developing in the region more closely to prevent French growth in the Indian ocean and grow Oman's wealth and influence. Trade caravans began venturing further into
108:
979:
East, John
William. "The German Administration in East Africa: A Select Annotated Bibliography of the German Colonial Administration in Tanganyika, Rwanda and Burundi from 1884 to 1918." 294 leaves. 1 reel of microfilm (negative.) Thesis submitted for the fellowship of the Library Association,
708:
The success of TANU can be seen in the 1958 election under colonial rule where TANU candidates or TANU-supported candidates won every seat. The majority of the voters in
Tanganyika were African, approximately two-thirds of the 28,500 registered voters, with them coming from across the country.
797:
in 1962. The main leader of the independence movement was undoubtedly
Nyerere, who led the party TANU, which was a socially diverse group which had shared demands for independence from Britain. TANU gained most of its political support through national issues. For example, TANU, discussed and
689:
so too did the governance of
Tanganyika. The British also pursued an anti-German policy which was led by the head official in Tanganyika, Sir Horace Bryatt. Bryatt was an unpopular politician, and his policies of expelling Germans halved Tanganyika's European population. Many of the ex-German
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519:(denied for being "inelegant"), "Eburnea", "New Maryland", "Windsorland" after the British Royal Family's new family name, and "Victoria" after both the Lake and the Queen. The Colonial Secretary insisted that "a native name prominently associated with the territory" be selected. "
113:
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the continent, connecting the coast and the interior together. In some areas, Islam became adopted by the native peoples such as the Yao in the south of the country. Islam has continued to be a major religion within the area, with 36% of
Tanzanian population adhering to Islam.
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The British state took control of the colony of Tanganyika as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. Once Britain took control of the colony, they wished it to be a "Black man's country". The British state wished for this colony to be similar to the
515:, and as such the name took effect when Britain was given control of Tanganyika in 1920. Britain needed a new name to replace "Deutsch Ostafrika" or "German East Africa". Various names were considered, including "Smutsland" in honour of General
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objected, German warships threatened to bombard his palace. Britain and Germany then agreed to divide the mainland into various spheres of influence, and the Sultan was forced to acquiesce. The Germans brutally repressed the
815:
which saw the Arab rule of Zanzibar overthrown, Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar to become the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which later became known as the United Republic of Tanzania on 26 April 1964.
553:
The area that made up Tanganyika was commonly visited by Arabic traders who would come to the area to buy slaves and smuggle ivory. The island of Zanzibar was even taken as a part of the Sultanate of Oman, when
93:
527:", after the town and trading centre near the geographical centre of the country, were proposed and rejected. Then, the deputy undersecretary to the Colonial Secretary proposed "Tanganyika Protectorate" after
792:
The British colony of Tanganyika gained independence on 9 December 1961, with Julius Nyerere becoming first, its prime minister in 1960 under British rule, and then president when Tanganyika was declared a
646:
126:
94:
948:
719:
Tanganyika eventually gained its independence on 9 December 1961, after Nyerere had met a British government representative to arrange the steps to be taken on the road to independence.
3769:
599:, which connected much of the country with the port city of Dar es Salaam. This railroad is still in use today and has since been connected to other railways across the country.
508:
in 1876. He wrote that the locals were not sure about its meaning and conjectured that it meant something like "the great lake spreading out like a plain", or "plain-like lake".
3580:
891:
Through the Dark continent, or, The sources of the Nile : around the great lakes of equatorial Africa and down the Livingstone River to the Atlantic Ocean, Volume II
4057:
1988:
587:
of 1905. The German colonial administration instituted an educational programme for native Africans, including elementary, secondary, and vocational schools.
3828:
2439:
4062:
3993:
626:), the territory was transferred to British control. "Tanganyika" was adopted by the British as the name for its part of the former German East Africa.
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in various guises from 1916 until 1961. It was initially administered under a military occupation regime. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a
3153:
1852:
955:
3747:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
1517:
1320:
464:
formalised control of the area by the UK, who renamed it "Tanganyika". The UK held Tanganyika as a League of Nations mandate until the end of
3312:
690:
plantations were sold to European companies and mixed farms were given to new British owners. Much of Tanganyika's economy was based around
3740:
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1981:
4067:
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264:
705:. In 1963, TANU opened its doors to all members of society within Tanganyika, whereas it had previously only been open to Africans.
531:; the name was modified after a "junior official suggested that 'Territory' was more in accordance with the " and that was adopted.
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654:
1877:
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In the second half of the 19th century, European explorers and colonialists travelled through the African interior from
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1966:
1145:
Party Politics ad Decolonization: The Conservative Party and British Colonial Policy in Tropical Africa 1951β1964
233:
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2454:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
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1680:
1675:
1570:
1540:
1470:
473:
374:
67:
20:
1296:
3837:
3744:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
3387:
3343:
3065:
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2451:
2421:
2179:
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One of the major drivers for decolonisation in Tanganyika was TANU which was founded in 1954, led by
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saw many rural farmers' livelihoods destroyed by encroaching agriculturalists. In 1964, after the
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2058:
1827:
1802:
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327:
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League of Nations mandates in the Middle East and Africa, with no. 11 representing Tanganyika
3706:
3524:
3437:
3371:
3349:
3250:
3210:
3119:
3083:
3021:
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2634:
2363:
2357:
1914:
1867:
1837:
1822:
1741:
1594:
1580:
1480:
894:. Harold B. Lee Library. London : Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, Rivington. p. 16.
867:"Awesome List of Countries Starting with Each Alphabet Letter (From A To Z) - Tymoff Today"
762:
607:
512:
501:
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in terms of its state structure. And as the policy of colonial rule in Nigeria changed to
8:
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3185:
2988:
2895:
2843:
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2718:
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2686:
2598:
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1941:
1934:
1899:
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1701:
1606:
1565:
1487:
1452:
1434:
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774:
638:
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252:
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3431:
3413:
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2219:
2118:
2101:
2027:
1832:
1728:
1492:
1447:
1314:
1214:
889:
728:
579:
571:
445:
361:
3963:
3917:
3841:
3791:
3377:
2995:
2960:
2692:
2580:
2528:
2522:
2506:
2345:
2339:
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2259:
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1950:
1872:
1847:
1842:
1782:
1346:
1173:
1148:
1123:
1095:
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1033:
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915:
673:
emerging victorious. In the mid-20th century, Tanganyika was the largest producer of
461:
86:
81:
3927:
3922:
3748:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3593:
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3472:
3359:
3159:
3071:
2856:
2382:
2375:
2277:
2162:
2110:
1812:
1718:
1206:
682:
665:(TANU), which led the country to independence in December 1961. The following year
164:
1996:
3932:
3701:
3478:
3407:
3198:
3137:
2976:
2660:
2562:
2265:
1955:
1027:
909:
833:
746:
712:
There was some resistance, though, from the British settlers who established the
657:
in 1958 and 1959. The following year it was granted internal self-government and
619:
555:
528:
497:
481:
480:. It became a republic a year later. Tanganyika now forms part of the modern-day
3586:
3574:
3419:
3035:
2964:
2953:
2742:
2704:
2610:
2574:
2568:
2534:
2075:
1998:
1786:
734:
702:
670:
469:
449:
415:
144:
4026:
4008:
3995:
3907:
3627:
3447:
2628:
2512:
1273:(1st ed.). Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. p. Chapter 4.3, Paragraph 15.
989:
752:
686:
630:
611:
567:
453:
175:
154:
472:
trust territory. In 1961, Tanganyika gained its independence from the UK as
429:
3657:
3365:
2926:
2920:
2901:
2666:
2401:
2308:
2247:
2241:
1904:
1289:
465:
222:
698:
population in Tanganyika increasing from 8,698 in 1912 to 25,144 in 1931.
523:", analogous to "Kenya", named after the country's highest mountain, and "
3774:
3270:
3171:
2982:
2586:
2486:
2201:
2195:
1167:
768:
740:
737:(1922β1999), an anti-colonial activist, politician and political theorist
603:
575:
520:
441:
411:
179:
1218:
3047:
3028:
2771:
2550:
2169:
2089:
1092:
Pan-Africanism or Pragmatism?: lessons of the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union
3693:
2546:
2295:
2082:
1243:(1st ed.). Boydell & Brewer. p. Chapter 3, Paragraph 1.
1210:
1014:
German Colonialism Revisited: African, Asian, and Oceanic Experiences
691:
516:
1391:
755:(1945β2018), a British ornithologist and international civil servant
3621:
3536:
2815:
2767:
2516:
2443:
2429:
2425:
2395:
2183:
1891:
1422:
1194:
794:
570:
declared its intent to establish a protectorate in the area, named
563:
485:
460:, although German resistance continued until 1918. After this, the
399:
210:
422:
under British rule. From 1946, it was administered by the UK as a
3836:
3530:
2863:
2823:
2416:
2173:
2132:
674:
615:
545:
434:
3540:
2915:
2680:
2458:
2063:
1909:
1497:
1170:
Remembering Julius Nyerere in Tanzania: history, memory, legacy
808:
524:
731:(1915-2000), an accountant, military officer and civil servant
3041:
2763:
2235:
1016:. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2014. page 114
505:
183:
1330:
Tanganyika β a Review of its Resources and their Development
2592:
1069:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 262β566.
1012:
Nganang, Alain Patrice; MΓΌhlhahn, Klaus; and Berman Nina.
765:, a zoologist involved in African independence movements
606:, GEA was divided among the victorious powers under the
504:
had found the name of "Tanganika", when he travelled to
1258:. Boydell & Brewer. p. Chapter 3, Paragraph 6.
1120:
Tanzania: Party Transformation and Economic Development
1271:
Challenges for the Democratisation Process in Tanzania
3646:
2779:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
1147:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 138β139.
1122:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 51.
823:
954:. World Faiths Development Dialogue. Archived from
1168:Institut Francais de recherche en Afrique (2015).
1300:. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). pp. 676β677.
444:, Tanganyika formed part of the German colony of
4024:
801:
448:. It was gradually occupied by forces from the
1094:. Addis Ababa: Dar es Salaam. pp. 70β71.
996:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1989.
4058:States and territories disestablished in 1961
3822:
3306:
1982:
1407:
1172:. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki Na Nyota. p. 35.
496:The name of the territory was taken from the
3741:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
3724:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3602:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1304:
511:The name was chosen by the British with the
1369:
1327:
1195:"Tanganyika: The Realities of Independence"
914:. Cambridge University Press. p. 247.
787:
16:British mandate in Africa from 1919 to 1961
4063:States and territories established in 1919
3829:
3815:
3313:
3299:
1989:
1975:
1414:
1400:
1319:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
949:"Faith and Development in Focus, Tanzania"
661:were held. Both elections were won by the
125:
4043:1922 establishments in the British Empire
1345:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1019:
647:East African Common Services Organisation
2785:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
544:
428:
1359:
1328:Hill, J. F. R.; Moffett, J. P. (1955).
1025:
941:
887:
4025:
3770:Historical flags of the British Empire
3754:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
1337:
1142:
1117:
1089:
1064:
904:
3810:
3645:
3557:
3294:
2803:
2475:
2150:
2046:
1970:
1853:Natural resource and waste management
1421:
1395:
1268:
1253:
1238:
1113:
1111:
1060:
1058:
1056:
777:(born 1956), a mountaineer and author
1287:
1192:
842:List of colonial heads of Tanganyika
19:For the former sovereign state, see
3581:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
2424:. British Cameroons is now part of
1307:The East Africa Year Book and Guide
938:. Oxford: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers
13:
2440:unilaterally declared independence
2135:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
1516:
1281:
1136:
1108:
1053:
994:The Great War in Africa, 1914β1918
934:Kimambo, N. and Maddox, H. (2017)
749:(born 1943), a playwright and poet
14:
4084:
3647:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
3626:Occupied by Argentina during the
3558:
2804:
1380:
1372:Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties
722:
663:Tanganyika African National Union
4068:United Nations trust territories
4048:1961 disestablishments in Africa
3981:United Nations Trust Territories
3891:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3193:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
826:
783:(born 1957), a Kenyan politician
649:(1961β1967), forerunners of the
629:In 1927, Tanganyika entered the
379:
354:
91:
60:
46:
1387:The British Empire β Tanganyika
1288:Cana, Frank Richardson (1922).
1262:
1247:
1232:
1186:
1161:
1083:
574:(GEA), under the leadership of
3689:Australian Antarctic Territory
2545:since 1965 (before as part of
2542:British Indian Ocean Territory
2428:, while Tanganyika is part of
2062:since 1960 (before as part of
1376:β 428pps, with maps and photos
1343:A modern history of Tanganyika
1305:Gordon-Brown, A., ed. (1954).
1067:A Modern History of Tanganyika
1006:
983:
973:
928:
911:A Modern History of Tanganyika
898:
881:
859:
602:After Germany's defeat during
424:United Nations trust territory
414:which was administered by the
1:
4038:1922 establishments in Africa
1370:Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2008).
852:
802:Challenges after independence
468:after which it was held as a
433:Tanganyika stamp, 1925, with
2003:British Overseas Territories
1291:"Tanganyika Territory"
643:East African High Commission
491:
410:was a colonial territory in
7:
3716:British Antarctic Territory
3426:Western Pacific Territories
3320:
1878:Water supply and sanitation
1364:. Government of Tanganyika.
1332:. Government of Tanganyika.
847:Tanganyika groundnut scheme
819:
669:was held, with TANU leader
549:Map of Tanganyika Territory
10:
4089:
3454:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
2871:British Arctic Territories
2151:
2047:
1256:Building a Peaceful Nation
1241:Building a Peaceful Nation
888:Stanley, Henry M. (1878).
538:
534:
18:
4053:Former colonies in Africa
3977:
3941:
3900:
3889:
3849:
3765:
3734:
3694:Commonwealth of Australia
3652:
3641:
3612:
3564:
3553:
3519:
3326:
3290:
3096:Newfoundland and Labrador
2810:
2799:
2777:League of Nations mandate
2758:
2482:
2471:
2452:Lancaster House Agreement
2422:League of Nations mandate
2411:
2157:
2146:
2053:
2042:
2009:
1928:
1890:
1778:
1769:
1709:
1700:
1602:
1593:
1536:
1527:
1514:
1433:
936:A New History of Tanzania
771:(1955β2010), a footballer
420:League of Nations mandate
395:
333:
323:
319:
309:
299:
286:
282:
274:
270:
258:
246:
242:
232:
228:
216:
204:
200:
190:
171:
160:
150:
136:
124:
76:
42:
37:
30:
3224:Turks and Caicos Islands
2531:(protectorate) 1907β1949
2476:
2106:(integrated into the UK)
1920:House of Representatives
1334:β 924pps, with many maps
1143:Murphy, Phillip (1995).
788:Tanganyikan independence
743:(1936β1988), a cricketer
714:United Tanganyikan Party
694:, in particular coffee.
635:East Africa Protectorate
3507:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
3332:18th and 19th centuries
3148:Queen Charlotte Islands
3108:North-Western Territory
3080:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
2683:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
2348:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
2034:Commonwealth of Nations
1360:Moffett, J. P. (1958).
1297:Encyclopædia Britannica
1032:. Harper. p. 409.
781:Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa
667:a presidential election
653:. The country held its
301:β’ Mandate created
4033:Tanganyika (territory)
3257:West Indies Federation
2446:) and continued as an
2032:Current member of the
1858:Persecution of Albinos
1521:
1458:East African Campaign
1362:Handbook of Tanganyika
1118:Bienen, Henry (2015).
980:London, November 1987.
651:East African Community
550:
498:large lake in its west
437:
290:Anglo-Belgian invasion
21:Tanganyika (1961β1964)
3179:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2450:state until the 1979
2059:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1520:
1476:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1269:Ewald, Jonas (2013).
1199:International Journal
1090:Shivji, Issa (2015).
1065:Iliffe, John (1979).
624:Portuguese Mozambique
548:
432:
328:East African shilling
161:Common languages
3707:Realm of New Zealand
3705:(transferred to the
3692:(transferred to the
3525:Realm of New Zealand
3126:Prince Edward Island
3004:1671β1816, 1833β1960
2119:Malta (Protectorate)
1481:Zanzibar slave trade
1254:Bjerk, Paul (2015).
1239:Bjerk, Paul (2015).
1193:Leys, Colin (1962).
1026:Gunther, J. (1955).
763:Alberta Jones Seaton
761:(1953β1978), son of
645:(1948β1961) and the
608:Treaty of Versailles
513:Treaty of Versailles
502:Henry Morton Stanley
458:East Africa Campaign
311:β’ Independence
32:Tanganyika Territory
4005: /
3738:Since 2009 part of
3630:of AprilβJune 1982.
3217:Trinidad and Tobago
2831:Antigua and Barbuda
2731:Straits Settlements
1503:UgandaβTanzania War
1488:Zanzibar Revolution
1453:Maji Maji Rebellion
1374:. New Africa Press.
1366:β 703pps, with maps
813:Zanzibar Revolution
775:Tim Macartney-Snape
639:Uganda Protectorate
585:Maji Maji Rebellion
541:History of Tanzania
253:Horace Archer Byatt
3959:South Seas Mandate
2890:Cape Breton Island
2781:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
2623:Unfederated States
2438:Southern Rhodesia
2028:Commonwealth realm
1833:List of Tanzanians
1747:Telecommunications
1522:
1493:Arusha Declaration
1448:German East Africa
729:David Gordon Hines
580:Sultan of Zanzibar
572:German East Africa
551:
446:German East Africa
438:
362:German East Africa
87:God Save the Queen
3988:
3987:
3964:South West Africa
3918:British Cameroons
3871:Syria and Lebanon
3842:League of Nations
3804:
3803:
3761:
3760:
3637:
3636:
3569:Providence Island
3549:
3548:
3514:
3513:
3382:Western Australia
3350:Van Diemen's Land
3286:
3285:
3263:Associated States
2961:Columbia District
2795:
2794:
2649:Manila and Cavite
2467:
2466:
2346:Southern Rhodesia
2340:South-West Africa
2290:Northern Rhodesia
2202:Cape of Good Hope
2142:
2141:
2022:Current territory
1964:
1963:
1886:
1885:
1765:
1764:
1696:
1695:
1659:Political parties
1634:Foreign relations
1589:
1588:
1508:COVID-19 pandemic
1352:978-0-521-29611-3
1179:978-9987-753-47-5
462:League of Nations
405:
404:
391:
390:
387:
386:
367:
366:
260:β’ 1958β1961
248:β’ 1916β1925
218:β’ 1952β1961
206:β’ 1916β1936
117:
82:God Save the King
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4020:
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3928:British Togoland
3923:French Cameroons
3895:
3882:
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3831:
3824:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3749:Antarctic Treaty
3710:
3697:
3682:Falkland Islands
3674:Tristan da Cunha
3666:Ascension Island
3643:
3642:
3594:Falkland Islands
3555:
3554:
3523:Now part of the
3395:Pitcairn Islands
3360:Auckland Islands
3329:
3328:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3277:Windward Islands
3231:Vancouver Island
3008:MassachusettsBay
2877:British Columbia
2801:
2800:
2617:Federated States
2473:
2472:
2383:Tristan da Cunha
2352:Southern Nigeria
2284:Northern Nigeria
2163:Ascension Island
2148:
2147:
2107:
2044:
2043:
2018:Former territory
2015:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1967:
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1937:
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618:) and the small
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3408:North Australia
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2661:Muscat and Oman
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2013:
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1882:
1863:Public holidays
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1341:(10 May 1979).
1312:
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834:Tanzania portal
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725:
659:fresh elections
655:first elections
620:Kionga Triangle
566:. In 1885, the
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723:Notable people
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703:Julius Nyerere
677:in the world.
671:Julius Nyerere
593:Mittellandbahn
539:Main article:
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2925:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:North America
2802:
2798:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:South Vietnam
2723:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Ethnic groups
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1460:(World War I)
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1235:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:(3): 251β68.
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1154:9780198205050
1150:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1129:9780691000121
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1101:9789987449996
1097:
1093:
1086:
1078:
1076:9780521296113
1072:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1029:Inside Africa
1022:
1015:
1009:
1003:
1002:0-393-30564-3
999:
995:
991:
986:
976:
957:
950:
944:
937:
931:
923:
921:9780521296113
917:
913:
912:
907:
901:
893:
892:
884:
868:
862:
858:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
835:
824:
817:
814:
810:
799:
796:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:Dudley Seaton
757:
754:
753:Clive Elliott
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:
720:
717:
715:
710:
706:
704:
699:
695:
693:
688:
687:indirect rule
684:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:Customs Union
627:
625:
622:(assigned to
621:
617:
614:(assigned to
613:
612:Ruanda-Urundi
610:. Apart from
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
588:
586:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:German Empire
565:
560:
557:
547:
542:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:Belgian Congo
451:
447:
443:
436:
431:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
398:
396:Today part of
394:
378:
376:
373:
372:
369:
363:
360:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
308:
304:
298:
294:
291:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
263:
257:
254:
251:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
224:
221:
215:
212:
209:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:Protestantism
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:
155:Dar es Salaam
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
128:
123:
88:
83:
79:
75:
69:
63:
55:
49:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3990:
3912:
3739:
3722:
3714:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3658:Saint Helena
3656:
3600:
3592:
3442:Cook Islands
3393:
3366:New Hebrides
3335:20th century
3251:West Florida
3236:
3222:
3154:Rhode Island
3132:Pennsylvania
3090:Newfoundland
3027:
2952:
2902:East Florida
2873:16th c.β1880
2862:
2814:
2711:Crown Colony
2699:Pulo Condore
2673:Crown Colony
2667:North Borneo
2540:
2499:Protectorate
2448:unrecognised
2442:in 1965 (as
2381:
2369:
2334:South Africa
2322:Sierra Leone
2309:Saint Helena
2307:
2302:Orange River
2180:Bechuanaland
2161:
2081:
2057:
2021:
2001:and Current
1798:Demographics
1719:Central bank
1639:Human rights
1612:Constitution
1466:British rule
1371:
1361:
1342:
1339:Iliffe, John
1329:
1306:
1295:
1270:
1264:
1255:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1202:
1198:
1188:
1169:
1163:
1144:
1138:
1119:
1091:
1085:
1066:
1043:. Retrieved
1028:
1021:
1013:
1008:
993:
985:
975:
963:. Retrieved
956:the original
943:
935:
930:
910:
906:Iliffe, John
900:
890:
883:
871:. Retrieved
861:
805:
791:
718:
711:
707:
700:
696:
679:
628:
601:
597:Central Line
592:
589:
561:
552:
510:
495:
478:Commonwealth
466:World War II
439:
407:
406:
344:Succeeded by
343:
338:
305:20 July 1922
223:Elizabeth II
143:of the
89:(1952β1961)
77:
25:
4012: /
3983:(post-1946)
3881:not enacted
3876:Mesopotamia
3863:Transjordan
3844:(1919β1946)
3775:Anglosphere
3493:New Zealand
3402:New Zealand
3271:West Jersey
3186:Saint Lucia
3172:Saint Kitts
3166:Saint Croix
3146:1763β1791*
3114:Nova Scotia
3060:New England
3016:, 1691β1776
2983:East Jersey
2971:Connecticut
2850:Bay Islands
2737:Transjordan
2655:Mesopotamia
2493:Afghanistan
2487:Aden Colony
2272:Niger Coast
2238:) 1874β1957
2214:East Africa
2196:Cape Colony
2186:) 1884β1966
2176:) 1868β1966
1915:Archipelago
1714:Agriculture
1643:LGBT rights
1224:23 November
769:Juma Mkambi
741:Vasant Tapu
604:World War I
578:. When the
576:Carl Peters
556:Seyyid Said
521:Kilimanjaro
456:during the
442:World War I
412:East Africa
339:Preceded by
186:and others.
180:Catholicism
84:(1916β1952)
4073:Tanganyika
4027:Categories
3979:See also:
3949:New Guinea
3913:Tanganyika
3727:since 1908
3719:since 1908
3685:since 1833
3677:since 1816
3669:since 1815
3661:since 1658
3618:department
3605:since 1908
3597:since 1833
3398:since 1838
3378:Swan River
3372:Queensland
3259:1958β1962
3241:since 1666
3227:since 1799
3078:New Jersey
3048:New Albion
3032:since 1632
3029:Montserrat
3010:1629β1691
2957:since 1670
2879:1858β1866
2867:since 1619
2819:since 1650
2772:Bangladesh
2707:1841β1946
2669:1882β1963
2635:Federation
2613:1819β1826
2551:Seychelles
2495:1839β1842
2386:since 1816
2370:Tanganyika
2328:Somaliland
2316:Seychelles
2312:since 1658
2232:Gold Coast
2226:The Gambia
2170:Basutoland
2166:since 1815
2121:1800β1813
2111:Free State
2104:1542β1800
2090:Heligoland
2086:since 1713
1838:Literature
1818:Healthcare
1731:(currency)
1654:Parliament
1623:High Court
1617:Corruption
1471:Tanganyika
1039:0836981979
853:References
692:cash crops
474:Tanganyika
408:Tanganyika
375:Tanganyika
167:(official)
3857:Palestine
3711:1841β1947
3698:1841β1933
3589:1831β1966
3583:1670β1688
3577:1651β1667
3571:1631β1641
3501:1914β1962
3495:1907β1947
3488:1901β1942
3486:Australia
3481:1900β1974
3475:1900β1970
3463:1893β1978
3456:1892β1979
3450:1889β1948
3444:1888β1901
3438:Rarotonga
3434:1884β1902
3428:1877β1976
3422:1874β1970
3416:1851β1901
3410:1846β1847
3404:1841β1907
3390:1836β1901
3384:1829β1901
3374:1824β1901
3368:1824β1980
3362:1807β1863
3356:1803β1901
3346:1788β1901
3279:1833β1960
3273:1674β1702
3265:1967β1983
3253:1763β1783
3247:1607β1776
3233:1849β1866
3219:1889β1962
3213:1862β1863
3207:1712β1776
3201:1635β1644
3195:1627β1979
3188:1605β1979
3181:1882β1983
3174:1623β1983
3168:1625β1650
3162:1670β1870
3156:1636β1776
3150:1853β1863
3140:1620β1691
3134:1681β1776
3128:1763β1873
3116:1713β1867
3110:1859β1870
3104:1712β1776
3098:1583β1907
3092:1907β1949
3086:1664β1776
3074:1637β1662
3072:New Haven
3068:1680β1776
3062:1686β1689
3056:1784β1867
3044:1628β1983
3038:1655β1860
3024:1632β1776
2998:1655β1962
2991:1733β1776
2985:1674β1702
2979:1701β1776
2973:1636β1776
2967:1818β1846
2949:1663β1712
2941:1867β1931
2935:1841β1867
2929:1791β1841
2923:1791β1841
2911:1762β1974
2904:1763β1783
2898:1763β1978
2892:1754β1820
2883:1866β1871
2859:1871β1981
2852:1643β1860
2846:1624β1966
2840:1670β1973
2833:1860β1981
2826:1632β1860
2751:1898β1930
2745:1892β1971
2739:1921β1946
2733:1826β1946
2727:1945β1946
2721:1946β1963
2719:Singapore
2713:1946β1963
2701:1702β1705
2695:1786β1946
2689:1923β1948
2687:Palestine
2675:1946β1963
2663:1891β1971
2657:1920β1932
2651:1762β1764
2645:1796β1965
2637:1948β1957
2631:1946β1948
2625:1885β1946
2619:1895β1946
2607:1848β1946
2601:1918β1961
2595:1811β1816
2589:1858β1947
2583:1841β1997
2581:Hong Kong
2577:1878β1960
2571:1795β1948
2565:1888β1984
2559:1824β1948
2547:Mauritius
2537:1874β1963
2525:1757β1947
2519:1812β1824
2509:1685β1824
2507:Bencoolen
2501:1879β1919
2489:1839β1967
2404:1887β1897
2398:1890β1963
2392:1890β1962
2378:1900β1910
2376:Transvaal
2372:1922β1961
2366:1899β1956
2360:1893β1968
2358:Swaziland
2354:1900β1914
2342:1915β1931
2336:1910β1931
2330:1884β1960
2324:1792β1961
2318:1903β1976
2304:1900β1910
2298:1891β1964
2296:Nyasaland
2292:1924β1964
2286:1900β1914
2280:1914β1960
2274:1884β1900
2268:1856β1910
2262:1810β1968
2260:Mauritius
2256:1807β1808
2250:1862β1906
2244:1920β1963
2228:1816β1965
2222:1882β1922
2216:1895β1920
2210:1891β1907
2204:1806β1910
2198:1795β1803
2192:1919β1961
2190:Cameroons
2127:1813β1964
2113:1921β1931
2098:1809β1864
2092:1807β1890
2083:Gibraltar
2078:1878β1960
2072:1794β1796
2026:*Current
1828:Languages
1803:Education
1757:Transport
1729:Shilling
1724:Companies
1664:President
1629:Elections
1576:Volcanoes
1546:Districts
1529:Geography
1315:cite book
1309:. London.
873:25 August
517:Jan Smuts
492:Etymology
172:Religion
38:1916β1961
4009:6Β°S 35Β°E
3838:Mandates
3786:Category
3622:Colombia
3537:Kiribati
3414:Victoria
3354:Tasmania
3245:Virginia
3211:Stickeen
3199:Saybrook
3138:Plymouth
3084:New York
3022:Maryland
3014:Province
2977:Delaware
2947:Carolina
2939:Dominion
2933:Province
2896:Dominica
2844:Barbados
2816:Anguilla
2787:disputed
2768:Pakistan
2643:Maldives
2517:Billiton
2444:Rhodesia
2430:Tanzania
2426:Cameroon
2402:Zululand
2396:Zanzibar
2184:Botswana
1951:Category
1892:Zanzibar
1868:Religion
1823:HIV/AIDS
1742:Taxation
1649:Military
1621:Courts (
1595:Politics
1581:Wildlife
1443:Timeline
1427:articles
1423:Tanzania
1219:40198635
1045:7 August
965:7 August
908:(1979).
820:See also
795:republic
637:and the
564:Zanzibar
486:Tanzania
400:Tanzania
324:Currency
234:Governor
211:George V
3942:Class C
3901:Class B
3850:Class A
3840:of the
3777:culture
3531:Vanuatu
3321:Oceania
2996:Jamaica
2989:Georgia
2909:Grenada
2864:Bermuda
2838:Bahamas
2824:Antigua
2705:Sarawak
2417:Namibia
2278:Nigeria
2254:Madeira
2174:Lesotho
2133:Minorca
2102:Ireland
2070:Corsica
1997:Former
1935:Outline
1900:History
1793:Culture
1783:Cuisine
1771:Society
1752:Tourism
1702:Economy
1607:Cabinet
1566:Regions
1551:Islands
1435:History
683:Nigeria
675:beeswax
633:of the
616:Belgium
535:History
440:Before
435:giraffe
288:β’
275:History
192:Monarch
165:English
151:Capital
141:Mandate
78:Anthem:
4014:-6; 35
3796:Portal
3616:Now a
3587:Guiana
3541:Tuvalu
3144:Quebec
2916:Canada
2857:Belize
2749:Weihai
2693:Penang
2681:Padang
2611:Malaya
2605:Labuan
2599:Kuwait
2575:Cyprus
2569:Ceylon
2563:Brunei
2535:Borneo
2529:Bhutan
2523:Bengal
2459:Zambia
2390:Uganda
2152:Africa
2125:Colony
2076:Cyprus
2064:Cyprus
2048:Europe
2014:Legend
1956:Portal
1910:Unguja
1571:Rivers
1541:Cities
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2629:Union
2587:India
2557:Burma
2513:Banka
2364:Sudan
2266:Natal
2248:Lagos
2242:Kenya
2236:Ghana
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1942:Index
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1873:Sport
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