295:
210:
86:
221:
343:
97:
251:, a taildragger is steered from behind (much like driving a car backwards at high speed), so that on the ground a taildragger is inherently unstable, whereas a nosewheel aircraft will self-center if it swerves on landing. In addition, some tailwheel aircraft must transition from using the rudder to steer to using the tailwheel while passing through a speed range when neither is wholly effective due to the nose high angle of the aircraft and lack of airflow over the rudder. Avoiding ground loops requires more pilot training and skill.
33:
379:
256:
146:
285:
Some aircraft, particularly older, higher powered aircraft such as the P-51 Mustang, cannot use full power on takeoff and still safely control their direction of travel. On landing this is less of a factor, however opening the throttle to abort a landing can induce severe uncontrollable yaw unless the pilot is prepared for it.
272:
Tailwheel aircraft are more difficult to taxi during high wind conditions, due to the higher angle of attack on the wings which can then develop more lift on one side, making control difficult or impossible. They also suffer from lower crosswind capability and in some wind conditions may be unable to
136:
mechanism, and the aircraft is steered by applying brakes to one of the mainwheels in order to turn in that direction. This is also used on some tricycle gear aircraft, with the nosewheel being the freely castering wheel instead. Like the steerable tailwheel/skid, it is usually integrated with the
284:
the blade experiences when passing through the air. The aircraft will then pull to the side of the upward blade. Some aircraft lack sufficient rudder authority in some flight regimes (particularly at higher power settings on takeoff) and the pilot must compensate before the aircraft starts to yaw.
124:
fighter) were equipped with steerable tailskids, which operate similar to a tailwheel. When the pilot pressed the right rudder pedal — or the right footrest of a "rudder bar" in World War I — the skid pivoted to the right, creating more drag on that side of the plane and causing it to turn to the
322:
jet fighter. After the first four prototype Me 262 V-series airframes were built with retracting tailwheel gear, the fifth prototype was fitted with fixed tricycle landing gear for trials, with the sixth prototype onwards getting fully retracting tricycle gear. A number of other experimental and
421:
Taildragger aircraft require more training time for student pilots to master. This was a large factor in the 1950s switch by most manufacturers to nosewheel-equipped trainers, and for many years nosewheel aircraft have been more popular than taildraggers. As a result, most
243:. A ground loop occurs when directional control is lost on the ground and the tail of the aircraft passes the nose, swapping ends, in some cases completing a full circle. This event can result in damage to the aircraft's undercarriage, tires,
125:
right. While less effective than a steerable wheel, it gave the pilot some control of the direction the craft was moving while taxiing or beginning the takeoff run, before there was enough airflow over the rudder for it to become effective.
409:. Monowheel power aircraft use retractable wingtip legs (with small castor wheels attached) to prevent the wingtips from striking the ground. A monowheel aircraft may have a tailwheel (like the Europa) or a nosewheel (like the
108:
In early aircraft, a tailskid made of metal or wood was used to support the tail on the ground. In most modern aircraft with conventional landing gear, a small articulated wheel assembly is attached to the rearmost part of the
268:
Tailwheel aircraft generally suffer from poorer forward visibility on the ground, compared to nose wheel aircraft. Often this requires continuous "S" turns on the ground to allow the pilot to see where they are
178:
Because of the way airframe loads are distributed while operating on rough ground, tailwheel aircraft are better able to sustain this type of use over a long period of time, without cumulative airframe damage
189:
Due to the increased propeller clearance on tailwheel aircraft, less stone chip damage will result from operating a conventional geared aircraft on rough or gravel airstrips, making them well suited to
280:– asymmetrical thrust caused by the propeller's disk being angled to the direction of travel, which causes the blades to produce more lift when going down than when going up due to the difference in
449:. This method does allow the shortest landing distance but can be difficult to carry out in crosswinds, as rudder control may be reduced severely before the tailwheel can become effective.
171:, a tailwheel supports a smaller part of the aircraft's weight allowing it to be made much smaller and lighter than a nosewheel. As a result, the smaller wheel weighs less and causes less
358:. Both first flew in 1946 and owed their configurations to being developments of earlier propeller powered aircraft. The Attacker's tailwheel configuration was a result of it using the
366:
propeller fighter. Its engine was mounted under the forward fuselage. Despite its unusual configuration, the Yak-15 was easy to fly. Although a fighter, it was mainly used as a
362:'s wing, avoiding expensive design modification or retooling. The engine exhaust was behind the elevator and tailwheel, reducing problems. The Yak-15 was based on the
182:
If a tailwheel fails on landing, the damage to the aircraft will be minimal. This is not the case in the event of a nosewheel failure, which usually results in a
113:
in place of the skid. This wheel may be steered by the pilot through a connection to the rudder pedals, allowing the rudder and tailwheel to move together.
791:
1368:
1014:
664:
228:
fighter. This aircraft uses a tailskid. The small wheel at the front is a safety device intended to prevent nose-over accidents
1408:
1363:
1308:
1173:
310:
Jet aircraft generally cannot use conventional landing gear, as this orients the engines at a high angle, causing their
1742:
1428:
294:
784:
764:
737:
609:
464:
low. Once the aircraft has slowed to a speed that can ensure control will not be lost, but above the speed at which
1752:
485:
248:
168:
59:
1198:
1747:
456:. This requires the pilot to land the aircraft on the mainwheels while maintaining the tailwheel in the air with
247:, propeller and engine. Ground-looping occurs because, whereas a nosewheel aircraft is steered from ahead of the
236:
Tailwheel aircraft are more subject to "nose-over" accidents due to incorrect application of brakes by the pilot.
85:
1398:
996:
350:
Rare examples of jet-powered tailwheel aircraft that went into production and saw service include the
British
1691:
1681:
1522:
777:
276:
Due to the nose-high attitude on the ground, propeller-powered taildraggers are more adversely affected by
225:
209:
17:
405:. Monowheel gear is also used on some powered aircraft, where drag reduction is a priority, such as the
1403:
1358:
1049:
1433:
1383:
1373:
926:
856:
117:
1701:
1676:
1438:
1418:
1343:
1233:
1203:
1178:
1044:
1009:
318:
from functioning properly. This problem occurred with the third, or "V3" prototype of the German
220:
90:
397:
have a single wheel, retractable or fixed, centered under the fuselage, which is referred to as
137:
rudder pedals on the craft to allow an easy transition between wheeled and aerodynamic control.
1716:
1517:
1413:
1238:
1054:
544:
equipped aircraft to conventional landing gear. Aircraft for which kits are available include:
528:
342:
240:
323:
prototype jet aircraft had conventional landing gear, including the first successful jet, the
1696:
1614:
1604:
1109:
821:
423:
160:
101:
752:
Boyne, Walter J. "Goering's Big Bungle". Air Force
Magazine, Vol. 91, No. 11, November 2008.
232:
The conventional landing gear arrangement has disadvantages compared to nosewheel aircraft.
96:
1661:
1464:
1258:
1069:
1024:
510:
500:
359:
351:
319:
129:
691:
668:
116:
Before aircraft commonly used tailwheels, many aircraft (like a number of First World War
8:
1640:
1547:
1263:
971:
800:
522:
457:
332:
328:
315:
214:
40:
converted to taildragger configuration by installation of an aftermarket modification kit
1348:
1328:
1323:
1297:
1208:
1149:
921:
394:
260:
163:
arrangement, which make tailwheel aircraft less expensive to manufacture and maintain.
128:
Another form of control, which is less common now than it once was, is to steer using "
1656:
1393:
1338:
1318:
1248:
1243:
1228:
916:
760:
733:
605:
573:
410:
387:
1711:
1594:
1268:
1163:
886:
861:
804:
725:
367:
336:
769:
263:. If this aircraft were taxiing, the pilot would be unable to see the photographer
1721:
1686:
1537:
1458:
1423:
1388:
1183:
831:
461:
445:
Normal landings are done by touching all three wheels down at the same time in a
355:
281:
1089:
956:
1706:
1566:
1283:
841:
836:
431:
363:
324:
172:
32:
1487:
540:
Several aftermarket modification companies offer kits to convert many popular
378:
1736:
1635:
1574:
1378:
1313:
951:
931:
846:
541:
505:
303:
121:
74:
1671:
1599:
1562:
1542:
1532:
1507:
1472:
1253:
1223:
1193:
1159:
1139:
1129:
1124:
1094:
1029:
896:
866:
826:
490:
255:
200:
Tailwheel aircraft are easier to fit into and maneuver inside some hangars.
149:
70:
55:
346:
The sole surviving Yak-15. Vadim
Zadorozhny Technical Museum, Moscow, 2012
1619:
1502:
1218:
1074:
191:
183:
145:
442:
Landing a conventional geared aircraft can be accomplished in two ways.
69:
The term "conventional" persists for historical reasons, but all modern
1609:
1497:
1492:
1448:
1443:
1278:
1213:
1188:
1144:
1119:
1104:
1039:
901:
891:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
427:
37:
1666:
1584:
1512:
1477:
1333:
1114:
1099:
1079:
1034:
1019:
976:
961:
946:
881:
851:
495:
406:
311:
468:
effectiveness is lost, then the tailwheel is lowered to the ground.
1579:
1552:
1527:
1293:
1273:
1134:
1064:
981:
906:
876:
812:
277:
153:
110:
52:
1353:
1004:
986:
911:
244:
104:
has a tailwheel to allow an unobstructed arc of fire for the gun.
370:
to prepare Soviet pilots for flying more advanced jet fighters.
1059:
966:
941:
871:
465:
314:
to bounce off the ground and back into the air, preventing the
159:
The tailwheel configuration offers several advantages over the
133:
1482:
1084:
936:
382:
A Schleicher ASG 29 glider shows its monowheel landing gear
197:
Tailwheel aircraft are more suitable for operation on skis.
535:
239:
Conventional geared aircraft are much more susceptible to
426:
pilots now learn to fly in tricycle gear aircraft (e.g.
62:
and a small wheel or skid to support the tail. The term
604:, page 133. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997.
799:
339:engines to become the world's first jet airliner.
289:
1734:
705:
665:"Recreational Aircraft Australia - Groundschool"
273:use crosswind runways or single-runway airports.
692:"Aerospace Web - Aircraft Landing Gear Layouts"
602:Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition
132:", in which the tailwheel is a simple, freely
785:
434:) and only later transition to taildraggers.
386:A variation of the taildragger layout is the
58:consisting of two main wheels forward of the
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
792:
778:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
373:
167:Due to its position much further from the
683:
653:From the Ground Up, 27th edition, page 11
476:Examples of tailwheel aircraft include:
377:
341:
293:
254:
219:
208:
144:
95:
84:
31:
614:
596:
594:
536:Modifications of tricycle gear aircraft
73:and most modern propeller aircraft use
14:
1735:
656:
773:
721:
719:
717:
591:
662:
24:
714:
100:Like many attack helicopters, the
25:
1764:
759:, page 11 (27th revised edition)
755:Aviation Publishers Co. Limited,
732:, page 111 (4th revised edition)
689:
730:Aeroplane Flight Training Manual
486:de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver
331:research aircraft, and a single
204:
746:
1702:In-flight entertainment system
1399:Horizontal situation indicator
516:
393:To minimize drag, many modern
290:Jet-powered tailwheel aircraft
13:
1:
579:
437:
354:naval fighter and the Soviet
140:
1682:Environmental control system
584:
479:
7:
531:- Anti-submarine helicopter
471:
424:Private Pilot Licence (PPL)
416:
49:tailwheel-type landing gear
10:
1769:
1359:Course deviation indicator
1050:Electro-hydraulic actuator
335:, which was modified with
213:A nose-over accident with
80:
1743:Conventional landing gear
1649:
1628:
1590:Conventional landing gear
1561:
1457:
1292:
1158:
995:
811:
45:Conventional landing gear
1374:Flight management system
1753:Aircraft configurations
1677:Emergency oxygen system
1439:Turn and slip indicator
1234:Leading-edge droop flap
1204:Drag-reducing aerospike
1179:Adaptive compliant wing
1174:Active Aeroelastic Wing
452:The alternative is the
374:Monowheel undercarriage
298:Royal Navy Supermarine
1748:Aircraft undercarriage
1717:Passenger service unit
1518:Self-sealing fuel tank
1414:Multi-function display
529:Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King
403:monowheel landing gear
388:monowheel landing gear
383:
347:
307:
264:
229:
224:A replica World War 1
217:
156:
120:aircraft, such as the
105:
93:
89:Tailwheel detail on a
41:
27:Aircraft undercarriage
1697:Ice protection system
1615:Tricycle landing gear
1605:Landing gear extender
822:Aft pressure bulkhead
574:Piper PA-22 Tri-Pacer
381:
345:
297:
258:
223:
212:
161:tricycle landing gear
148:
102:AgustaWestland Apache
99:
88:
35:
1662:Auxiliary power unit
1070:Flight control modes
511:Supermarine Spitfire
501:Messerschmitt Bf 109
360:Supermarine Spiteful
352:Supermarine Attacker
320:Messerschmitt Me 262
130:differential braking
1641:Escape crew capsule
1548:War emergency power
1419:Pitot–static system
1264:Variable-sweep wing
972:Vertical stabilizer
525:- Attack helicopter
523:Boeing AH-64 Apache
447:three-point landing
333:Vickers VC.1 Viking
329:Ball-Bartoe Jetwing
215:Polikarpov I-15 bis
1349:Attitude indicator
1329:Airspeed indicator
1324:Aircraft periscope
757:From the Ground Up
711:Boyne 2008, p. 60.
384:
348:
308:
265:
261:Vought F4U Corsair
230:
218:
157:
106:
94:
91:Tiger Moth biplane
42:
1730:
1729:
1657:Aircraft lavatory
1394:Heading indicator
1339:Annunciator panel
1319:Air data computer
1229:Leading-edge cuff
411:Schleicher ASK 23
249:center of gravity
169:center of gravity
60:center of gravity
16:(Redirected from
1760:
1712:Navigation light
1692:Hydraulic system
1667:Bleed air system
1595:Drogue parachute
1269:Vortex generator
887:Interplane strut
794:
787:
780:
771:
770:
740:
726:Transport Canada
723:
712:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
687:
681:
680:
678:
676:
667:. Archived from
660:
654:
651:
612:
598:
368:trainer aircraft
337:Rolls-Royce Nene
152:, a taildragger
21:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1722:Ram air turbine
1687:Flight recorder
1645:
1624:
1557:
1538:Thrust reversal
1462:
1453:
1424:Radar altimeter
1389:Head-up display
1299:
1288:
1184:Anti-shock body
1166:
1154:
1015:Artificial feel
997:Flight controls
991:
857:Fabric covering
807:
803:components and
798:
749:
744:
743:
724:
715:
710:
706:
696:
694:
688:
684:
674:
672:
671:on 19 July 2008
663:Brandon, John.
661:
657:
652:
615:
599:
592:
587:
582:
538:
519:
482:
474:
462:angle of attack
440:
419:
376:
356:Yakovlev Yak-15
306:, England, 1956
292:
207:
143:
83:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Landing lights
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1629:Escape systems
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1567:arresting gear
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1523:Splitter plate
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
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1480:
1475:
1469:
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1371:
1366:
1361:
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1341:
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1311:
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1087:
1082:
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1067:
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1057:
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1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1001:
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992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
842:Cruciform tail
839:
837:Crack arrestor
834:
829:
824:
818:
816:
809:
808:
797:
796:
789:
782:
774:
768:
767:
753:
748:
745:
742:
741:
713:
704:
682:
655:
613:
589:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
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571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
537:
534:
533:
532:
526:
518:
515:
514:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
481:
478:
473:
470:
439:
436:
432:Piper Cherokee
418:
415:
399:monowheel gear
375:
372:
364:Yakovlev Yak-3
325:Heinkel He 178
291:
288:
287:
286:
274:
270:
253:
252:
241:ground looping
237:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
195:
187:
180:
176:
173:parasitic drag
142:
139:
82:
79:
66:is also used.
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1673:
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1660:
1658:
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1654:
1652:
1650:Other systems
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:Ejection seat
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:Arrestor hook
1578:
1576:
1575:Aircraft tire
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1549:
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1501:
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1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:Glass cockpit
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
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1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
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1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Air data boom
1312:
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1307:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1291:
1285:
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1280:
1277:
1275:
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1200:
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1192:
1190:
1187:
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1177:
1175:
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1146:
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739:
738:0-7715-5115-0
735:
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693:
690:Scott, Jeff.
686:
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506:Piper J-3 Cub
504:
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477:
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455:
454:wheel landing
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305:
304:RNAS Stretton
301:
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257:
250:
246:
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211:
205:Disadvantages
199:
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185:
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177:
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155:
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75:tricycle gear
72:
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56:undercarriage
54:
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46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1672:Deicing boot
1600:Landing gear
1589:
1543:Townend ring
1533:Thrust lever
1508:NACA cowling
1473:Autothrottle
1465:fuel systems
1463:devices and
1254:Stall strips
1224:Krueger flap
1194:Channel wing
1140:Wing warping
1130:Stick shaker
1125:Stick pusher
1045:Dual control
1030:Centre stick
897:Leading edge
867:Flying wires
827:Cabane strut
756:
747:Bibliography
729:
707:
695:. Retrieved
685:
673:. Retrieved
669:the original
658:
601:
539:
491:Douglas DC-3
475:
460:to keep the
453:
451:
446:
444:
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420:
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398:
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349:
309:
299:
231:
158:
150:Douglas DC-3
127:
115:
107:
71:jet aircraft
68:
63:
48:
44:
43:
29:
1620:Tundra tire
1503:Intake ramp
1434:Transponder
1219:Gurney flap
1160:Aerodynamic
1075:Fly-by-wire
957:Triple tail
697:19 February
517:Helicopters
302:landing at
192:bush flying
184:prop strike
64:taildragger
18:Taildragger
1737:Categories
1610:Oleo strut
1498:Inlet cone
1493:Gascolator
1459:Propulsion
1449:Yaw string
1444:Variometer
1300:instrument
1279:Wing fence
1214:Gouge flap
1189:Blown flap
1145:Yaw damper
1120:Stabilator
1105:Side-stick
1040:Dive brake
927:Stabilizer
902:Lift strut
892:Jury strut
675:5 December
580:References
569:Cessna 182
564:Cessna 175
559:Cessna 172
554:Cessna 152
549:Cessna 150
542:nose-wheel
438:Techniques
428:Cessna 172
179:occurring.
141:Advantages
38:Cessna 150
1585:Autobrake
1513:NACA duct
1488:Fuel tank
1478:Drop tank
1461:controls,
1344:Astrodome
1334:Altimeter
1199:Dog-tooth
1164:high-lift
1115:Spoileron
1100:Servo tab
1080:Gust lock
1035:Deceleron
1020:Autopilot
977:Wing root
962:Twin tail
947:Tailplane
882:Hardpoint
852:Empennage
815:structure
585:Citations
496:Maule M-7
480:Airplanes
413:glider).
407:Europa XS
316:elevators
312:jet blast
259:A parked
134:castering
1553:Wet wing
1528:Throttle
1274:Vortilon
1135:Trim tab
1065:Flaperon
1055:Elevator
1010:Airbrake
982:Wing tip
907:Longeron
877:Fuselage
813:Airframe
801:Aircraft
472:Examples
458:elevator
417:Training
300:Attacker
278:P-factor
269:taxiing.
245:wingtips
154:airliner
111:airframe
53:aircraft
51:, is an
1563:Landing
1354:Compass
1302:systems
1294:Avionic
1284:Winglet
1167:devices
1110:Spoiler
1005:Aileron
987:Wingbox
912:Nacelle
862:Fairing
805:systems
395:gliders
118:Sopwith
81:History
1298:flight
1259:Strake
1090:Rudder
1060:Elevon
1025:Canard
967:V-tail
942:T-tail
872:Former
832:Canopy
763:
736:
608:
466:rudder
327:, the
1483:FADEC
1369:EICAS
1244:Slats
1085:HOTAS
937:Strut
282:angle
226:F.E.2
122:Camel
47:, or
1565:and
1429:TCAS
1409:ISIS
1364:EFIS
1309:ACAS
1296:and
1249:Slot
1209:Flap
1162:and
1150:Yoke
922:Spar
847:Dope
761:ISBN
734:ISBN
699:2016
677:2008
606:ISBN
1404:INS
1384:GPS
1239:LEX
917:Rib
430:or
401:or
1739::
728:,
716:^
616:^
593:^
390:.
77:.
36:A
793:e
786:t
779:v
701:.
679:.
194:.
186:.
175:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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