Food and drink prohibitions

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explains in a YouTube video archiving one of his lectures; the Blackfoot's cuisine was based in a belief that only certain animals, those which possessed four legs, with hooves and which grazed on grass, were seen as "clean" and thus suitable for consumption (not too dissimilarly to the taboo of pork or the kosher diet in Abrahamic religions) this meant that any other animals were not considered suitable or clean enough to eat. This included many other animals besides fish, such as various birds with Water Fowl being considered one of the worst birds, as well as animals with claws such as bears, or dogs/wolves. But as explained by Manyheads, this taboo was broken in times of need and starvation, but was seen as an especially desperate act among the Blackfoot. However despite the similarity to the taboo against pork, or the kosher diet, breaking such taboo was not seen to carry any particular religious or spiritual repercussions, hence the allowance of breaking the taboo in desperation.

145:), even if the food is otherwise permitted. On a comparative basis, what may be declared unfit for one group may be perfectly acceptable to another within the same culture or across different cultures. Food taboos usually seem to be intended to protect the human individual from harm, spiritually or physically, but there are numerous other reasons given within cultures for their existence. An ecological or medical background is apparent in many, including some that are seen as religious or spiritual in origin. Food taboos can help utilizing a resource, but when applied to only a subsection of the community, a food taboo can also lead to the monopolization of a food item by those exempted. A food taboo acknowledged by a particular group or tribe as part of their ways, aids in the cohesion of the group, helps that particular group to stand out and maintain its identity in the face of others and therefore creates a feeling of "belonging". 1459: 891: 154: 617: 1135: 3091:. In the hierarchy of living entities, overwintering plants such as onions are ranked higher than food crops such as wheat and rice. The ability of onions to observe the changing of the seasons and bloom in spring is believed to be an additional 'sense' absent in lower plants. The amount of bad karma generated depends on the number of senses the creature possesses and so it is thought prudent to avoid eating onions. This also means that in some North Indian traditions, effectively all overwintering plants are considered taboo. 8683: 2088:. However, it was sold in the US during WW II, since beef was expensive, rationed and destined for the troops. The last horse meat slaughterhouse in USA was closed in 2007. Nevertheless, discarded leisure, sport and work horses are collected and sold at auctions. They are shipped across the country by transporters to the borders of Canada in the north and Mexico in the south to be sold to horse meat butchers. The issue of horse consumption in the UK and Ireland was raised in 2013 with regards to the 8694: 2015: 414: 2443: 2326: 1950: 1025: 681: 8714: 2496: 1847: 8724: 8704: 8673: 3623: 2912: 2567: 2507: 3380: 1667:. Nevertheless, since the Bantu of southern Africa also share various cultural traits with the pastoralists further north in East Africa, it is believed that, at an unknown date, the taboo against the consumption of fish was similarly introduced from East Africa by cattle-herding peoples who somehow managed to get their livestock past the aforementioned tsetse fly endemic regions. 2579: 6043: 3587:: meat products, dairy products, and others, which are considered to be neither (including not just vegetable products, but also fish and eggs). A meal or dish may not contain both meat and dairy products. As well, meat and fish may not be cooked together, nor fish and milk, although fish cooked with other dairy products is permitted. 1682:, are also forbidden in Judaism. Although they live in water, they appear to have no scales (except under a microscope) (see Leviticus 11:10-13). Sunni Muslim laws are more flexible in this. Catfish and shark are generally seen as halal as they are special types of fish. Eel is generally considered permissible in the four Sunni 787:

were the primary source of agricultural power and transportation in the early days and as, India adopted an agricultural lifestyle, the cow proved to be a very useful animal. This respect stemming out of necessity led to abstaining from killing cows for food; for example, if a famine-stricken village

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or non-kosher product the pork alternative is trying to mimic and present. In addition, stricter rabbi view mixing plant milk and fake meat fall under the 'boiling a kid in its mother's milk' prohibition much like their real counterparts. Lab-grown pork might also be considered haram or non-kosher.

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Of all the taboo meat, human flesh ranks as the most heavily proscribed. In recent times, humans have consumed the flesh of fellow humans in rituals and out of insanity, hatred, or overriding hunger – never as a common part of their diet, but it is thought that the practice was once widespread among

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and prohibitions exist in different parts of the world. In July 2014, India banned the import of foie gras making it the first and only country in the world to do so, causing dismay among some of the nation's chefs. In Australia, the production of foie gras is currently forbidden, though it is legal

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is a developing bird embryo (usually a duck or chicken) that is boiled and eaten from the shell. Part of the Quran includes understanding and respecting the law that any animal products should not be eaten if the animal has not been slaughtered properly, making the animal or animal-product "maytah".

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Walsh, P. D.; Abernethy, K. A.; Bermejo, M.; Beyers, R.; De Wachter, P.; Akou, M. E.; Huijbregts, B.; Mambounga, D. I.; Toham, A. K.; Kilbourn, A. M.;, Lahm, S.A.;, Latour. S.; Maisels, F.; Mbinak, C.; Mihindouk, Y.; Obiang, S. N.; Effa, E. N.; Starkey, M. P.; Telfer, P. M.; Thibault, M.; Tutin, C.

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Failing patristic authority, the pope was somewhat at a loss for an answer, finally deciding that it could be eaten smoked or roasted over the fire (presumably at any time) but, if eaten raw, only after Easter (that is, after curing for a minimum of three months, if the hogs had been slaughtered at

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posited that pigs are not suited for being kept in the Middle East on an ecological and socio-economical level; for example, pigs are not suited to living in arid climates because they require more water than other animals to keep them cool, and instead of grazing they compete with humans for foods

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diets. Kangaroo meat was legalised for human consumption in South Australia in 1980, though in other states it could only be sold as pet food until 1993. Kangaroos, along with most other native Australian animals, are protected under Australian law on a state and federal level, but licences to kill

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developed as a more recent taboo food among French gourmets. The tiny birds were captured alive, force-fed, then drowned in Armagnac, "roasted whole and eaten that way, bones and all, while the diner draped his head with a linen napkin to preserve the precious aromas and, some believe, to hide from

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Sunni Islam permits Muslims to consume the flesh of whales that have died of natural causes as there is a famous Sunni hadith which cites Muhammad's approval of such. Whale meat is forbidden (haram) in Shia Islam as whales do not have scales. In much of the world whale meat is not eaten due to the

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because it does not have a split hoof, even though it does chew and reingest partially digested material (equivalent to "chewing the cud" among ruminants). The consumption of rabbit is allowed in Sunni Islam, and is popular in several majority-Sunni countries (e.g. Egypt, where it is a traditional

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forbidding it to Muslims, but others doubt its validity and authority. Wild horses and asses are generally seen as halal while domesticated asses are viewed as forbidden. Various Muslim cultures have differed in the attitude in eating the meat. Historically, Turks and Persians have eaten the meat,

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Aside from formal rules, there are cultural taboos against the consumption of some animals. Within a given society, some meats will be considered to be not for consumption that are outside the range of the generally accepted definition of a foodstuff. Novel meats, i.e. animal-derived food products

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Additionally, the Blackfoot Confederacy are known to have a taboo against fish in specific, as well as against birds such as the water-fowl, though the fish taboo has been the one to endure the most as it passed down the generations. As "Grant Manyheads" from "Blackfoot Crossing Historical Park"

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kills and eats its bullocks, they will not be available to pull the plough and the cart when next planting season comes. However, little evidence has been found to support this conjecture. Areas suffering from famine may resort to consuming cattle in efforts to survive until the next season.

217:(non-violence) to their diet and consider vegetarianism as ideal, and practise forms of vegetarianism. In some cases, the process of preparation rather than the food itself comes under scrutiny. For instance, in early medieval Christianity, certain uncooked foods were of dubious status: a 2863:

suggested that, in ancient Israel, Egypt and Syria, the pig was originally a sacred animal, which for that reason could not be eaten or touched; the taboo survived to a time when the pig was no longer regarded as sacred, and was therefore explained by reference to its being unclean.

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Kangaroos can be acquired for hunting or culling purposes. Though Kangaroo meat was once unpopular with modern Australians, it has become a lot more popular in recent years due to its reputation as a low-fat and low-emission meat, and can be found in most supermarkets.

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Many countries observe this as a delicacy but it is a taboo in most countries. Considered as corpses, fetuses of goats and sheep are a delicacy in Anglo-Indian culture, despite being taboo in both parent cultures (English and Indian). This Anglo-Indian dish is known as

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began taking measures to protect native frog species in 1976, and efforts have continued since. Mass commercial harvesting of the animals was banned in 1980, though international imports as well as private, individual hunting and cooking remains legal in many areas.

8303: 1162:, and is commonly referred to as "blockade mutton". In the early 20th century, consumption of dog meat in Germany was common. Suspicions about the provenance of Frankfurter meat sold by German immigrants in the United States led to the coinage of the term ' 2876:, not discerning between meat or vegetation in their natural dietary habits. The willingness to consume meat sets them apart from most other domesticated animals which are commonly eaten (cattle, sheep, goats, etc.) who would naturally eat only plants. 2880:

has suggested that the reason for the taboo against the pig in Judaism is three-fold: (i) it transgresses the category of ungulates, because it has a split hoof but does not chew the cud, (ii) it eats carrion and (iii) it was eaten by non-Israelites.

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One should not consume elephant flesh ... horse flesh ... dog flesh ... snake flesh ... lion flesh ... tiger flesh ... leopard flesh ... bear flesh ... hyena flesh. Whoever should do so: an offense of wrong

1197:, an article in 2012 by The Local reported the continued consumption of dogs within the nation. Speculation arose suggesting that farmers in the German-speaking cantons of Appenzell and St. Gallen were known to personally slaughter these animals. 7384: 3137:

is taboo. The Muslim religious teacher and scholar, Falah Hassan Juma, links the sect's belief of evil found in lettuce to its long history of persecution by Muslims. Historical theory claims one ruthless potentate who controlled the city of

2215:. Many Hindus are vegetarian and do not eat any kind of meat, including monkeys. Meat eating Indians also do not kill or eat monkeys. Killing and eating monkeys (or other animals which are considered wild) is a taboo and illegal in India. 1216:

was regarded as the most unclean (and rather poisonous) food possible. Dog's meat is also regarded as unclean under Jewish and Islamic dietary laws; therefore, consumption of dog meat is forbidden by both of those religious traditions.

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to remove the blood. Jews follow the teaching in Leviticus, that since "the life of the animal is in the blood" or "blood was reserved for the forgiveness of sins and thus reserved for God", no person may eat (or drink) the blood.

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also have a taboo against eating beef, because they consider cows as an animal responsible for working in the fields with human beings. However, it is not strictly considered taboo in populated cities like Mandalay, Yangon etc.

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did not generally have a taboo against fish, Diamond noting that "Fish bones account for much less than 0.1% of animal bones recovered at Greenland Norse archeological sites, compared to between 50 and 95% at most contemporary

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was made illegal in the United States in 1912 because of its high alcohol percentage. Absinthe was legalized again in 2007. It was rumored to have been a cause for hallucinations, giving it the nickname “The Green Fairy.”

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of the clan. They may also believe that a lemur's spirit may get revenge. Alternatively, the animal may appear as a benefactor. Lemurs are also thought to impart their qualities, good or bad, onto human babies. In general,

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due to its association with the cross of Christ. It is believed that the cross was discovered in 325 AD by Saint Helen on a hill covered in beautiful, fragrant basil bushes, a hitherto unknown plant. The plant was named

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status means that it was fully cooked by a non-Jew and thus forbidden, even though the ingredients used to prepare the food were initially kosher in and of themselves and the prohibied combinations were to be avoided.

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14:21: "You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk." Karaite Jews, however, interpret this commandment more literally to mean that meat cannot be cooked in milk; but dairy products can be served with them.

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An egg that naturally contains a spot of blood may not be eaten under Jewish and Islamic tradition, but eggs without any blood are commonly consumed (and are not considered to be meat, so may be eaten with dairy).

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translation is: "wine and any other intoxicant". Other versions such as the NIV prohibit both alcohol and all alcohol derived products such as wine vinegar. There is no general taboo against alcohol in Judaism.

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to ban coffee, calling it "devil's beverage". After tasting the beverage, the pope is said to have remarked that the drink was "so delicious that it would be a sin to let only misbelievers drink it." (See the

1663:. It is not clear whether this disinclination developed independently or whether it was introduced. It is certain, however, that no avoidance of fish occurs among southern Africa's earliest inhabitants, the 1158:, eating dog meat is generally considered taboo, though that taboo has been broken under threat of starvation in the past. Dog meat has been eaten in every major German crisis at least since the time of 999:

and is explained to be permissible on the grounds that the bee does not originally make the first honey, the flower does, while the bees store and dehydrate the liquid into honey. This is different from

2413:. The ban was first imposed in 1971; a moratorium was put in place in 2007, allowing the importation of the meat, but the ban was re-implemented in 2015. Kangaroo meat is also not considered biblically 4218: 4599:

Robbins, Joel (2006). "Properties of Nature, Properties of Culture: Ownership, Recognition, and the Politics of Nature in a Papua New Guinea Society". In Biersack, Aletta; Greenberg, James (eds.).

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sometime during his reign (996-1021 CE). The ban applied to mulukhiyah, and also to other foodstuffs said to be eaten by Sunnis. While the ban was eventually lifted after the end of his reign, the

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could continue to eat horsemeat; once the Church had consolidated its power, the allowance was discontinued. Horsemeat is still popular in Iceland and is sold and consumed in the same way as beef,

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or prepared. The origins of these prohibitions are varied. In some cases, they are thought to be a result of health considerations or other practical reasons; in others, they relate to human

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of Shrawan, Puratassi and Kartik. However, shunning onion and garlic is not very popular among Hindus as compared to avoiding non-vegetarian foods, so many people do not follow this custom.

1932:) "royal plant" and today is grown and admired rather than eaten. Fine basil plants are brought to church every year on 14 September to commemorate this legend in a celebration known as the 4026: 1762:

to import it. In August 2003, Argentina banned foie gras production as it is considered a mistreatment or an act of cruelty to animals. In 2023 foie gras production was banned in the

2892:) do not contain actual pork meat, some conservative religious groups, such as in Islam or Judaism regard it as forbidden, similar to its meat-based counterpart as it is the said 6591: 3345:. There is also something of a cultural taboo in several countries, against the consumption of alcohol by women during pregnancy for health reasons, as seen, for example, in the 3176:, while not taboo, may be avoided by observant Jews and other religions due to the possibility of insects or worms hiding within the numerous crevices. Likewise, fruits such as 3405:

animals should be properly slaughtered to drain out the blood. Unlike in other traditions, this is not because blood is revered or holy, but simply because blood is considered

807:. A person involved in either cow slaughter or its illegal transportation could be jailed in many states. Slaughter of cows is an extremely provocative issue for many Hindus. 5726: 844:, there is also a taboo on eating beef, despite most people being Muslim. The reason why the people of Kudus have a taboo against eating beef is to avoid offending Hindus. 4434: 2754:, a potentially taboo process. Newer techniques for making cheese include a biochemical process with bacterial enzymes similar to rennin and chymosin. This means that the 2208:

popular culture, its consumption is repeatedly portrayed and debated, often in the context of portraying exotic cultures as exceptionally cruel, callous, and/or strange.

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are restricted. Adherents believe that these excite damaging passions. Many Hindus discourage eating onion and garlic along with non-vegetarian food during festivals or

7531: 5700: 4163: 2226:) which can get revenge if mocked while alive or if killed in a cruel fashion. Because of this, lemurs, like many other elements of daily life, have been a source of 1686:. The Ja'fari jurisprudence followed by most Shia Muslims forbid all species of fish that does not have scales, it also forbid all shell fish species except prawns. 8466: 1608:. This is sometimes referred to as the "Cushitic fish-taboo", as Cushitic speakers are believed to have been responsible for the introduction of fish avoidance to 6228: 4430: 3231:

endangerment of whales but it is not traditionally forbidden. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, it is illegal to import whale meat into the country.

4390: 2353:) were estimated to have declined by 56%. This decline was primarily caused by the commercial hunting, which was facilitated by the extended infrastructure for 6204: 5278: 2596:

is the internal organs of butchered animals, and may refer to parts of the carcass such as the head and feet ("trotters") in addition to organ meats such as

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appear to have lived in earlier times. Within East Africa, the fish taboo is found no further than Tanzania. This is attributed to the local presence of the

6180: 5390: 4655: 4211: 2099:, though not Slovenia, as horse is considered to be a noble animal or because eating horse meat is associated with war-time famine. However, it has a small 4533:, "Ibn 'Abbas reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) prohibited the eating of all fanged beasts of prey, and all the birds having talons." 2828:

2:173, 5:3, 6:145 and 16:115, Leviticus 11:7-8 and Deuteronomy 14:8. Pigs were also taboo in at least three other cultures of the ancient Middle East: the

351: 5365: 4462: 8431: 2993:" is a common food item. The proper common name for this rodent is "Greater Cane Rat", though actually it is not a rat at all and is a close relative of 4189: 8461: 7917: 3330: 2804: 1725: 7021: 4530: 524:, is explicitly banned as food in some interpretations of Leviticus 11:16. Rabbis have frequently inferred that traditions that explicitly prohibit 338:

movements are giving rise to new prohibitions and eating guidelines. A fairly recent addition to cultural food prohibitions is the meat and eggs of

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are avoided as food in many cultures because they are perceived as carriers of disease and unclean, and associated with death. An exception is the

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reasons. One legend about Pythagoras' death states that he was killed after he chose not to run through a fava bean field to escape his enemies.

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such as grains. As such, raising pigs was seen as a wasteful and decadent practice. Another explanation offered for the taboo is that pigs are

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U.S. Bureau of Manufactures; U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce (1854-1903); Bureau Of Statistics, U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor (1900).

8353: 4336: 4212:"Civil Aviation Authority Singapore (2010) National Regulations and Requirements Gen 1.3: Entry, Transit and Departure of Passenger and Crew" 4036: 8606: 8320: 3158: 2460: 1967: 1042: 847:

While both beef and dairy consumption is permitted in Judaism, the mixing of dairy products with any sort of meat is completely forbidden.

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or animals that are otherwise protected by law or international treaty. Examples of such protected species include some species of whales,

1178:, and other carnivores. Dog meat has been prohibited in Germany since 1986. In 2009 a scandal erupted when a farm near the Polish town of 8544: 6938:; translated by Steven Rendall in collaboration with Christoph Riedweg and Andreas Schatzmann, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, (2005), 6633: 3927: 2758:

by which cheese is made (and not the cheese itself) is a factor in determining whether it is forbidden or allowed by strict vegetarians.

6466: 5925: 4295: 2234:, which can be based around stories with four basic principles. A village or region may believe that a certain type of lemur may be the 443:

are treasured as delicacies, and the animals may be raised commercially in some circumstances. However, environmental concerns over the

6433: 6119:"Bonobos at the market of Basankusu (Equateur Province, DRC) in 1999: new evidence for bonobos between the lkelemba and Bosomba rivers" 878:, merely to import it and sell it, with certain exceptions. Since 2004, an exception has existed for therapeutic, dental, and nicotine 551:

In contrast, Islamic dietary rules permit the consumption of ostrich, while birds of prey (defined specifically as those who hunt with

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Horse meat is part of the cuisine of many countries in Europe, but is taboo in some religions and many countries. It is forbidden by

1405:, not as a food animal, and consumption of cats is thus seen as a barbaric act by a large part of the population in those countries. 995:

are not, an apparent exception to the normal rule that products of an unclean animal are also unclean. This topic is covered in the

8426: 8288: 6254: 3005:. In 2003, the U.S. barred the import of this and other rodents from Africa because of an outbreak of at least nine human cases of 1458: 1397:. Cat meat is forbidden by Jewish and Islamic law as both religions forbid the eating of carnivores. Cats are commonly regarded as 1114:

In Islam, the eating of most insects is prohibited, but locusts are considered lawful food and do not require ritual slaughtering.

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in the 13th century ordered an early Yazidi saint executed. The enthusiastic crowd then pelted the corpse with heads of lettuce.

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movement and certification discourage the consumption of food and other goods produced in exploitative working conditions. Other

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seems to have thought the uncleanness of pigs was self-evident, but mentions with particular aversion their propensity to eat

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11:29-30 and 42–43. Derivative chemical products from amphibians, as well as with other proscribed animals, must be avoided.

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are recommended by kashrut agencies to be avoided as they cannot be cleaned thoroughly enough without destroying the fruit.

2026:, because the horse is not a ruminant, nor does it have cloven hooves. Similarly to dogs, eating horses was a taboo for the 1246:(taboo) about eating dog meat or declining hospitality; Cú Chulainn chose to eat the meat, leading ultimately to his death. 890: 8727: 8590: 8401: 8330: 8255: 8074: 6046: 3393:

Some religions prohibit drinking or eating blood or food made from blood. In Islam the consumption of blood is prohibited (

17: 6838: 8578: 8456: 7475: 7313: 1280: 3419:(in the case of no availability of water) if contact is made with it. In Judaism all mammal and bird meat (not fish) is 7591: 7159: 6220: 6118: 5156: 3885: 1894: 1463: 6686: 8595: 8554: 8519: 8504: 8486: 8411: 8190: 7495: 7467: 7448: 7429: 7410: 6943: 6915: 5622:

The North Atlantic Saga: Being the Norse Voyages of Discovery and Settlement to Iceland, Greenland, and North America

5606: 5569: 5433: 5328: 5166: 5139: 5112: 4893: 4614: 4556: 3845: 3764: 3748: 2482: 1989: 1086: 1064: 747:, are vegetarian and strictly abstain from eating meat. All of those who do eat meat abstain from the consumption of 720: 594:

Because balut is an egg containing a partly-developed embryo, Muslims believe this makes it "haram", or "forbidden".

7258: 6377:, a traditional breakfast dish of Pakistan, Bangladesh and India made with cow, goat or lamb hooves is also popular. 3212:, who hold Al-Hakim in high regard and give him quasi-divine authority, continue to respect the ban, and do not eat 2708:

or "prairie oysters" in the west. In Argentina and other Spanish language countries, bull's testicles are served as

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have a taboo against the consumption of fish, and do not intermarry with the few occupational clans that do eat it.

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The consumption of dairy products together with meat is also prohibited as non-kosher in Rabbinic Judaism, based on

818:, it is taboo and considered to be ungrateful to kill the animal whose milk and labour provides livelihoods to many 8600: 8436: 8367: 8362: 7143: 6419: 5198:" ("'Foie gras' is understood to mean the liver of a duck or a goose that has been especially fattened by gavage"). 3944: 2724: 734: 460: 6363:, although it was originally only consumed during the lean times of late winter/early spring in Iceland, known as 3475:, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things; That ye abstain from meats offered to 8753: 8539: 8446: 8310: 8225: 7988: 5675: 5398: 5350: 4659: 3448: 3350: 2840:. In some instances, the taboo extended beyond eating pork, and it was also taboo to touch or even look at pigs. 2159:

until the Australian government prohibited the practice in the late 1950s. Cannibalism was how the prion disease

792: 7139: 7135: 7131: 6860: 4447: 8568: 8441: 8278: 8245: 7355: 6730: 5353:[Animal Health: Forced Feeding in Poultry – Prohibition] (Resolution 413) (in Spanish). 25 August 2003. 4511: 2535:

where a live offspring is removed from the mother's womb, these restrictions do not apply. Eating oysters raw,

2464: 2130: 1971: 1716: 1652:'s Bantus were therefore spared subjugation by pastoral groups, and they consequently nearly all consume fish. 1046: 702: 4812: 3528:, a code of health used by church members, outlines prohibited and allowed substances. While not banned, some 1612:, though not all Cushitic groups avoid fish. The zone of the fish taboo roughly coincides with the area where 874:

A chewing gum sales ban has been in place since 1992 in Singapore. It is currently not illegal to chew gum in

8778: 8344: 7734: 7584: 7232: 7119: 7115: 7111: 3907: 3488: 2677: 1147: 367: 355: 4185: 4123: 3435:

According to the Bible, blood is only to be used for special or sacred purposes in connection with worship (

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Consumption of any sort of rodent, or material originating from rodents, is forbidden in Judaism and Islam.

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are considered nonkosher. Kashrut also requires that practitioners check other foods carefully for insects.

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as the most widely eaten meat in the world. Consumption of pigs is forbidden in Islam, Judaism and certain

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have a prohibition against the eating of dog meat, which is sometimes consumed by the Manchus' neighboring

869: 3979: 179:, regarding what may and may not be eaten, and notably forbidding the mixing of meat with dairy products. 8325: 8283: 7637: 7075: 6816: 5394: 5212: 4368: 3584: 2050: 1933: 7543: 7518: 6373:, an offal dish containing cow, goat or sheep brain is considered to be a delicacy in South Asia, while 1323:, due to its majority Islamic population, consuming dog meat is prohibited, with exception of Christian 629: 153: 8622: 6547:

Soler, Jean (1997). Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). "The Semiotics of Food in the Bible".

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There is a widely reported story, possibly apocryphal, that around the year 1600, some Catholics urged

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or otherwise, about which foods, or combinations of foods, may not be eaten and how animals are to be

8652: 8372: 5954: 5511: 5488: 3840:. Studies and Texts. Vol. 151. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. p. 349. 3594:, there is a widespread taboo on serving cheese with seafood, although there are several exceptions. 3275: 2283: 1757:, the fatty liver of geese that have been force-fed according to French law, has been the subject of 1499:

to eat elephant because elephants fall under the prohibited category of fanged or predatory animals.

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do not kill or eat dogs, unlike some neighboring tribes, nor do they let dogs breathe on their food.

984: 637: 616: 7147: 6748: 5641:[Cruelty to horse farms] (in German). Zurich, Switzerland: Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen SRF 5638: 4764: 8514: 7875: 7867: 7710: 6794: 6415: 5460: 5079: 4988: 4783: 4497: 3637: 3245: 2792: 2697: 2275: 953: 7372: 6883: 6659: 4346: 3087:(such as carrots, potatoes, radish, turnips, etc) as doing so kills the plant and they believe in 8494: 8406: 7847: 7722: 7330: 6434:"I would like to know if I am allowed to bring poppy seeds into Singapore for my baking business" 5306: 4755: 3084: 2732: 2453: 1960: 1570: 1035: 691: 659:

In Islam, the eating of camels is allowed, and is indeed traditional in the Islamic heartland in

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There are also cultural taboos against the consumption of alcohol, reflected for example in the

2373: 1885:, Colombia. Guinea pig meat is exported to the United States and European nations. In 2004, the 8783: 8562: 8482: 8377: 8200: 8079: 5907: 3444: 2817: 2705: 2685: 2399: 1617: 1295:

peoples. The Manchus also avoid the wearing of hats made of dog's fur. In addition to Manchus,

309: 278: 6389: 6385: 5883: 5609: 4896: 4087: 3924: 3501: 1719:(10th–15th centuries AD) may have developed a taboo against fish consumption, as recounted in 762:

manifests herself as a wish-granting divine cow, with such stories repeated over generations.

8584: 8534: 8529: 8273: 8021: 7290: 7040: 6992: 6097: 5234: 4830: 4729: 4299: 3205: 2585:, a traditional soup made with lamb's head (including brain, eyes and tongues) and hooves in 2422: 1914: 1758: 1134: 1082: 815: 359: 7552: 7335: 6441: 5729:. Zurich, Switzerland: Tierschutzbund Zürich (Animal Welfare Foundation) TSB. Archived from 5703:. Zurich, Switzerland: Tierschutzbund Zürich (Animal Welfare Foundation) TSB. Archived from 5195:

On entend par foie gras, le foie d'un canard ou d'une oie spécialement engraissé par gavage.

4392: 3069:

Brahmins forbid "strong flavored" foods. This encompasses garlic, onion, and spices such as

2660:, organ meats consumed in the U.S. tend to be regional or ethnic specialities; for example, 8768: 8697: 8011: 7840: 7695: 6061: 5826: 5058:"Blackfoot Crossing History: Introduction to Siksikaitsitapiiks Nitawahsin-nanni 1874-1879" 3677: 3429: 2693: 2613: 1492: 1412:, a 2012 report by The Local also highlighted the consumption of cats within the country. 1339: 980: 180: 6509:

Harris, Martin (1997). Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). "The Abominable Pig".

4707: 3259: 656:, with feet split in two. However, a camel's feet form soft pads rather than hard hooves. 8: 8763: 8657: 8416: 8114: 6562:

Douglas, Mary (1997). Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). "Deciphering a Meal".

6527: 5057: 3416: 3342: 2860: 2543: 2315: 1641: 1159: 896: 825: 804: 331: 273:, it is considered inappropriate as a food in virtually all Western countries. Likewise, 8713: 6318:

Fried lamb kidneys or lamb's liver are popular breakfast foods in Ireland, mentioned in

6250: 6065: 5830: 3052:

In certain versions of Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism, consumption of vegetables of the

8315: 8268: 8210: 8094: 7766: 7484: 6536:(A new abridgement from the second and third editions ed.). OUP. pp. 486–492. 6085: 5858: 5422: 4935: 4927: 4857: 4410: 4376: 4283: 4158: 3804: 3777: 3692: 3682: 3283: 3255: 3118: 3080: 3010: 2526: 2521:), and some laws of some Christians forbid any portion that is cut from a live animal ( 2518: 2267: 2205: 2077: 1640:

and in areas beyond, which likely acted as a barrier to further southern migrations by

1613: 1368: 444: 363: 339: 43:

Some people do not eat various specific foods and beverages in conformity with various

7367:

Dan Nosowitz, "Where did the prohibition on combining seafood and cheese come from?",

6771: 6287: 5483: 4798: 3467:

suggested that, among other things, it was necessary to abstain from consuming blood:

2974:

or pets and thus unfit for human consumption, traditionally being seen as carriers of

2738:

Although eating the stomach of a goat, cow, sheep, or buffalo might be taboo, ancient

2166:

The consumption of human flesh is forbidden by Hinduism, Islam, and Rabbinic Judaism.

814:

discourage the consumption of beef, although it is not considered taboo. However, for

570:, which was a recognised country dish, and which has, more recently, been served in a 8642: 8451: 8137: 7771: 7756: 7738: 7652: 7491: 7463: 7444: 7425: 7406: 7351: 7294: 7044: 6996: 6939: 6911: 6724: 6393: 6077: 6019: 6011: 5973: 5887: 5850: 5842: 5786: 5602: 5565: 5429: 5162: 5135: 5108: 4969: 4939: 4889: 4735: 4610: 4552: 4505: 4244: 4093: 4058: 3983: 3841: 3809: 3760: 3744: 3687: 3565: 3553: 3548: 3452: 3440: 3425: 3279: 3249: 3199: 3134: 2915: 2885: 2380: 2346: 2142: 2116: 1621: 1254: 664: 505: 479: 433: 392: 321: 7184: 6157: 5862: 5547: 4236: 4140: 3149:

were vegetarians, and "Pythagorean" at one time came to mean "vegetarian". However,

2906: 2243:

extend beyond a sense of the forbidden, but can include events that bring bad luck.

8293: 8205: 8185: 8033: 8003: 7619: 6968: 6789: 6532: 6336: 6133: 6089: 6069: 5834: 4919: 4320: 4279: 3799: 3789: 3642: 3464: 3406: 3188: 3162: 3150: 3095: 2889: 2672: 2657: 2605: 2246:

Primate species offered fresh and smoked in 2009 at a wildlife market by Liberia's

2042: 1898: 1882: 1296: 1237: 1209: 1129: 931:, are forbidden by Judaism because such animals live in water but do not have both 833: 819: 811: 571: 327: 300:

Sometimes food prohibitions enter national or local law, as with the ban on cattle

123: 781:

with milk particularly being highly revered, often being used in holy ceremonies.

400:, in which adherents endeavour not to use or consume animal products of any kind. 8788: 8509: 8215: 8177: 8147: 7993: 7926: 7791: 7776: 7700: 7667: 7571: 7559: 7547: 7535: 7505: 7284: 7034: 6986: 6379: 6320: 5877: 5838: 5189: 4630: 4369:"Germany's dog meat market; Consumption of Canines and Horses Is on the Increase" 4341: 3973: 3931: 3591: 3322: 3294: 3104: 3066: 3036:. Eating reptiles is also forbidden in Judaism. In other cultures, foods such as 2930: 2824:. This prohibition is set out in the holy texts of the religions concerned, e.g. 2571: 2539:, and other similar cases would be considered a violation of this in Jewish law. 2522: 2338: 2187: 2183: 2156: 2134: 2080:

or Japan. In the United States, sale and consumption of horse meat is illegal in

2058: 2009: 1815: 1660: 1656: 1633: 1632:

groups in East Africa that do practice fish avoidance also reside in areas where

1629: 1304: 1221: 936: 598: 579: 452: 383: 127: 8717: 5588:. Câmara Municipal da Póvoa de Varzim (2005), "Economia e ergologia", pp.133-187 4581: 4143:

by Jyotsna Singh, BBC correspondent in Delhi - Monday, 11 August 2003, 15:52 GMT

1818:

were not widely eaten before the Second World War. They were viewed as food for

964:, prohibits non-piscine (lacking scales) seafood, with the exception of shrimp. 640:, the way bovines, sheep, goats, deer, antelope, and giraffes (all of which are 169:

Various religions forbid the consumption of certain types of food. For example,

8793: 8748: 8632: 7796: 7761: 7657: 6692: 6365: 6340: 6116: 4548: 4324: 4089:

Sacred Bull, Holy Cow: A Cultural Study of Civilization's Most Important Animal

4063: 3726:

Paul Rozin, "Social and Moral Aspects of Food and Eating", In: Rock, I. (ed.),

3525: 3436: 3420: 3267: 3146: 3060: 3041: 2975: 2784: 2716: 2291: 2160: 2027: 1763: 1505:

strictly avoid any contact with elephant meat due to the importance of the god

1361: 1335: 1308: 1292: 1258: 1008: 766: 347: 301: 226: 103:

than plant-based foods. Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or

37: 7099: 5875: 4955: 4923: 4681: 4268: 4013: 4002: 1225: 1179: 8773: 8742: 8637: 8157: 7965: 7826: 7806: 7717: 7682: 7063: 6780: 6488: 6477: 6275: 6015: 5846: 5542: 4248: 4031: 3662: 3569: 3517: 3374: 3314: 2868: 2833: 2666: 2631: 2609: 2406: 2395: 2307: 2247: 2179: 2126: 1902: 1720: 1694: 1625: 1566: 1513: 1453: 1386: 1205: 1155: 932: 777:) is highly common in India. Cow-derived products play a significant role in 739:

Cattle hold a traditional place as objects of reverence in countries such as

525: 483: 375: 313: 200: 119: 6205:

California set to ban kangaroo imports despite lobbying efforts by Australia

2049:

practice of eating horses, calling it a "filthy and abominable custom". The

520:

are not to be eaten. A bird now commonly raised for meat in some areas, the

320:

has not lifted its ban on supplying meat from dogs and cats, created during

281:, although it is part of the national cuisine of countries as widespread as 257:

reaction, which may be expressed as a cultural taboo. For example, although

8687: 8647: 8162: 7983: 7975: 7945: 7816: 7801: 7647: 7016: 6577: 6081: 4525: 3864:

Potts HWW (1999), "Human food rejections". PhD thesis, University of London

3813: 3794: 3572:, some cultures see the consumption of breast milk after weaning as taboo. 3077:, believing that pungent flavors on the tongue inflame the baser emotions. 3074: 3070: 2877: 2720: 2681: 2635: 2299: 2259: 2138: 2122: 2100: 2038: 1905:

prohibits it. Accusations of cultural persecution have since been leveled.

1827: 1549: 1351: 1229: 1104: 1096: 660: 653: 590: 230: 7523: 6620:"Impossible Pork is here — but plant-based meat won't be certified kosher" 5854: 5814: 3198:

leaves (which did not have any other culinary purpose), was banned by the

2429:

according to Muslim dietary standards, because kangaroos are herbivorous.

636:. The Torah considers the camel unclean, even though it chews the cud, or 59:. Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular 8677: 8263: 8220: 8152: 8132: 8109: 8084: 7888: 7883: 7861: 7854: 7811: 7781: 7751: 7607: 6374: 6329: 6325: 3628: 3480: 3472: 3338: 3306: 3173: 2856: 2852: 2739: 2646: 2384: 2175: 2152: 2112: 2023: 1865:, are commonly eaten in Peru, in the southwestern cities and villages of 1823: 1702: 1675: 1609: 1577: 1481: 1421: 1409: 1300: 1277: 1201: 1194: 1167: 1078: 1001: 949: 944: 879: 856: 800: 645: 567: 473: 396:, both of which encourage abstinence from non-locally produced food, and 371: 218: 6073: 5752: 2211:

Monkeys are revered animals in India, largely because of the monkey god

2076:

In Canada, horse meat is legal. Most Canadian horse meat is exported to

8478: 8230: 8195: 8124: 7911: 7786: 7746: 7615: 7576: 7036:

Comparative Religious Ethics: Everyday Decisions for Our Everyday Lives

6926: 6719:. islamweb.net. 29 July 2002(citing Fatwa: Jumaadaa Al-Oula. 20, 1423). 5977: 5951:"Taboo Table Offerings: The Intricacies of Intercultural Menu Planning" 3521: 3460: 3310: 3298: 3225: 3191: 3177: 3154: 3109: 2844: 2772: 2767: 2728: 2727:("mad cow disease") and similar diseases have now been banned from the 2597: 2582: 2531: 2467: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2410: 2251: 2081: 2054: 2003: 1974: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1858: 1792: 1649: 1637: 1312: 1049: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 961: 705: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 611: 448: 387: 379: 343: 282: 274: 88: 7478:, looking for economical or ecological explanations behind the taboos. 6456: 5041: 4931: 4908:

Sutton, J. E. G. (1974). "The Aquatic Civilization of Middle Africa".

3945:"List of Permitted (Halal) And Prohibited (Haram) Animals & Birds" 2014: 791:

By Indian law, the slaughter of female cattle is banned in almost all

55:

or other societal prohibitions. Many of these prohibitions constitute

8524: 8235: 8167: 8142: 8104: 8069: 8061: 8043: 8028: 8016: 7960: 7937: 7905: 7900: 7690: 6350: 6345: 5660: 3728:

The Legacy of Solomon Asch: Essays in Cognition and Social Psychology

3271: 3181: 3037: 3029: 3006: 2994: 2957: 2936: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2788: 2551: 2536: 2510: 2369: 1754: 1706: 1485: 1365: 1355: 1328: 1320: 1316: 1265: 992: 916: 875: 837: 759: 529: 440: 425: 317: 162: 158: 138: 133:

Some foods may be prohibited during certain religious periods (e.g.,

104: 76: 5599:

Christianity and paganism, 350-750: the conversion of Western Europe

3934:, The Jewish Children's Learning Network, accessed 30 November 2015. 2989:

locally referred to as "Akrantie", "Grasscutter" and (incorrectly) "

2442: 2325: 2068:, opinions vary as to the permissibility of horse meat. Some cite a 1949: 1024: 680: 413: 8499: 8089: 8038: 7894: 7834: 7662: 7632: 6138: 6117:

Dupain, J.; Bofaso, M.; Lompongo, J. & Elsacker, L. V. (2001).

5455: 3707: 3672: 3657: 3583:, the Jewish food regulations, classify all permissible foods into 3533: 3483:: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well, Fare ye well. 3476: 3385: 3361: 3290: 3263: 3169: 3153:

prohibited the eating of beans. The reason is unclear: perhaps the

3126: 2990: 2953: 2941: 2873: 2851:. In the 19th century, some people attributed the pig taboo in the 2776: 2701: 2689: 2627: 2495: 2235: 2085: 2046: 2031: 1866: 1831: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1776: 1743: 1730: 1605: 1589: 1529: 1470: 1390: 1380: 1284: 1123: 1004:, which is produced by bees directly and is considered non-kosher. 928: 778: 752: 649: 583: 533: 397: 335: 258: 253:

not familiar to an individual or to a culture, generally provoke a

84: 44: 32:

This article is about practices and beliefs in relation to various

7441:

Eat Not This Flesh: Food Avoidances from Prehistory to the Present

4886:

Eat not this flesh: food avoidances from prehistory to the present

4843:

Eat not this flesh: food avoidances from prehistory to the present

2775:

are used as condiments in many cultures, but the trace amounts of

1846: 7955: 7672: 7642: 6606:"Is it impossible to certify Impossible Pork as kosher or halal?" 6360: 5366:"Belgian region ends force-feeding as last foie gras farm closes" 4446:

Fleischhygienegesetz (Law on Meat Hygiene), § 1 para. 1 sent. 4,

3702: 3697: 3647: 3580: 3456: 3130: 3113: 3025: 2780: 2654: 2638:. In northeast Brazil, there is a similar dish to haggis called " 2555: 2354: 2212: 2096: 1870: 1835: 1814:, rural parts of Sweden and Western Finland, although not taboo, 1811: 1735: 1705:, have a taboo against fish and other aquatic animals, including 1679: 1664: 1597: 1593: 1584:(and even some coastal peoples) inhabiting parts of southeastern 1506: 1496: 1477: 1429: 1273: 1163: 1139: 1092: 920: 912: 901: 756: 744: 641: 545: 521: 513: 421: 266: 254: 196: 175: 170: 96: 72: 48: 36:

and potential foods. For more discussion on religious views, see

7564: 6355: 5815:"Transmission and passage of experimental "kuru" to chimpanzees" 4237:"At Long Last, Gum Is Legal in Singapore, But There Are Strings" 225:

outlined a (mild) penance for those who ate uncooked foods, and

8099: 8057: 7627: 7528: 7110:

Bible verses considered relevant to blood transfusions include

6861:"Onions and Garlic in relation to the practices of Vaishnavism" 6370: 6349:, is a considered a delicacy and traditionally consumed before 5776: 3529: 3509: 3202: 3099: 3088: 3083:

not only abstain from consumption of meat, but also do not eat

3053: 3002: 2998: 2971: 2926: 2751: 2743: 2623: 2617: 2601: 2547: 2542:

Examples of the eating of animals that are still alive include

2414: 2361: 2197: 2192:

Monkey brains is a dish consisting of, at least partially, the

2069: 1804: 1739: 1698: 1645: 1581: 1537: 1533: 1502: 1402: 1394: 1288: 1268:, most countries rarely consume dog meat with the exception of 1250: 1233: 1175: 1108: 1100: 996: 976: 924: 796: 784: 774: 575: 556: 517: 456: 294: 246: 213: 204: 142: 112: 92: 68: 64: 60: 4146: 3508:. The term is misleading as the ban is applied exclusively to 2911: 2566: 1834:

of the highest order and were held in high regard as food for

1822:

and were also associated with the stigma of being wartime and

1624:

do not have this taboo, and indeed many are watermen. The few

882:, which can be bought from a doctor or registered pharmacist. 8053: 7705: 7540: 6462: 5813:

Gajdusek, D. C.; Gibbs, C. J.; Alpers, M. (13 January 1967).

5661:"1998 California Initiative to Ban Horse Slaughter - We Won!" 5391:"National Geographic Taboo Foods: It's All a Matter of Taste" 5049: 3652: 3459:

converts, were in dispute as to which particular features of

3411: 3401: 3395: 3209: 3139: 3056: 3033: 2982: 2967: 2922: 2848: 2661: 2650: 2593: 2426: 2334: 2227: 2193: 2065: 2034:, and it is still a counter-cultural practice in the region. 1923: 1918: 1874: 1601: 1585: 1433: 1401:

in Western countries, or as working animals, kept to control

1324: 1269: 1261:

was commonly eaten. After colonization, this custom stopped.

1143: 972: 740: 625: 552: 541: 537: 509: 501: 488: 305: 290: 286: 270: 262: 238: 208: 191: 185: 108: 56: 8672: 7181:"Christianity - Latter-day Saints: Cola Drinks and Caffeine" 5424:

The Guinea Pig : Healing, Food, and Ritual in the Andes

5158:

The Last Vikings: The Epic Story of the Great Norse Voyagers

3826:

Institutions and ideologies: a SOAS South Asia reader - 1993

3622: 2506: 2379:

Some people consider consumption of primates to be close to

1877:

highlands. Cuyes can be found on the menu of restaurants in

1426:

Consumption of eggs is permissible in all Abrahamic faiths.

532:

create a distinction with other avian species; thus, eating

157:"Use of eggs meet & vine is strictly-prohibited here." 6660:"Islamic scholars rule on how to make lab-grown meat halal" 5876:

Donald H. Dyal; Brian B. Carpenter; Mark A. Thomas (1996).

3537: 3379: 3302: 3195: 2813: 2747: 2586: 2418: 2219: 2053:

in 1000 CE was achieved only when the Church promised that

1878: 1746:

sites." However, this has been disputed by archaeologists.

1525: 1437: 1242: 1187: 1171: 957: 909: 841: 770: 748: 563: 429: 222: 134: 100: 80: 33: 7207:"Mormonism in the News: Getting It Right | August 29" 5351:

Sanidad Animal: Alimentación Forzada en Aves – Prohibición

2791:, poppy seeds are classified as "prohibited goods" by the 2578: 7950: 7403:

In the Devil's Garden: A Sinful History of Forbidden Food

5926:"How do we Know that Cannibalism is Forbidden? | Sefaria" 5908:"Lessons from the Qur'an Regarding Gossip and Backbiting" 5536:

Montefinise, Angela; Mongelli, Lorena (20 October 2004).

5213:"India bans import of foie gras; are Indian chefs happy?" 3513: 2963: 2653:(chicken, beef, or pork), and intestines used as natural 2201: 1819: 1671: 1398: 988: 241:

would have to be cured to be proper for consumption. The

52: 7541:

Karl Ammann, wildlife photographer and bushmeat activist

7259:"Utah Local News - Salt Lake City News, Sports, Archive" 6693:"Are Rabbits Erroneously Called Ruminants in the Bible?" 6416:"Can athletes eat poppy seeds without testing positive?" 5972:(2nd ed.). Oslo University Press. pp. 97–101. 5637:

Gabathuler, Ursula; Zingaro, Samira (22 February 2013).

5257:"Animal welfare groups welcome India's ban on foie gras" 4035:. Newsquest (Herald & Times) Limited. Archived from 6047:"Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa" 5777:

Tim D white; American, Scientific (15 September 2006).

4796: 2940:), but it is forbidden in the Ja'fari jurisprudence of 2329:

A gorilla in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2008

942:

As a general rule, all seafood is permissible in the 3

648:

criterion. Like these animals, camels (and llamas) are

7486:

The Guinea Pig: Healing, Food, and Ritual in the Andes

3479:, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from 2558:

using live animals has been banned in some countries.

354:

discourage the consumption of certain seafoods due to

6863:. New Zealand Hare Krishna Spiritual Resource Network 6745:"Rabbit Starvation – High protein and high fat diets" 6634:"Lab-grown meat can be kosher and halal, experts say" 4459: 3975:

Concise Description of Islamic Law and Legal Opinions

3254:

Some religions – including Buddhism, Islam, Jainism,

1182:

was discovered rearing dogs to be rendered down into

7438: 6307:

See Mishneh Torah, ch. 2 and 5, for further details.

5584:

Flores Gomes, José Manuel & Carneiro, Deolinda:

4582:"Chinese Ethnicities and Their Culture: An Overview" 3618: 1385:

There is a strong taboo against eating cats in many

1331:

ethnic groups that traditionally consumed dog meat.

352:

sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification

107:

of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of

8432:

2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak

5812: 5535: 4827:

A History of Hindu Civilization During British Rule

4731:

Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs

4463:"Polish couple accused of making dog meat delicacy" 3886:"Overview of Jewish Dietary Laws & Regulations" 3838:

Pagan Survivals, Superstitions and Popular Cultures

3262:, and various branches of Christianity such as the 2574:, trotters and tripe on sale in an Istanbul market. 2218:In Malagasy culture, lemurs are considered to have 562:Scavengers and carrion-eaters such as vultures and 7483: 6853: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6496: 5421: 5279:"India 'sets precedent' with foie gras import ban" 4856: 4461: 4429:Fleischbeschaugesetz (Meat Inspection Law), § 1a, 1655:There is also another center of fish avoidance in 1576:There are taboos on eating fish among many upland 1532:, respectively, though the reference to humans in 7419: 7400: 6881: 6737: 5879:Historical dictionary of the Spanish American War 5869: 5636: 5104:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive 4085: 3157:they cause, perhaps as protection from potential 3040:are treasured as delicacies, and the animals are 2805:Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork 2383:due to monkeys and apes being close relatives of 2169: 2163:spread, though the link was unproven until 1967. 1869:, and among some populations in the highlands of 1841: 1726:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed 8740: 7282: 6522: 6520: 4781: 3769: 3047: 1887:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation 1670:Certain species of fish, such as the freshwater 1007:Some vegans avoid honey as they would any other 885: 118:Some food prohibitions can be defined as rules, 7385:"Jewish Involvement in Kosher Food Preparation" 6493: 4397:. Vol. 64. U.S. Government Printing Office 3506:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2843:The original reason for this taboo is debated. 1616:are spoken, and as a general rule, speakers of 1476:Elephant meat is also not considered kosher by 7233:"Did the LDS Church officially 'OK' caffeine?" 6795:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T21847A22278009.en 6045:E. G.; White, L. J. T.; Wilkie, D. S. (2003). 5970:Taboo: A Study of Malagasy Customs and Beliefs 5632: 5630: 5302:"India Bans Import of Controversial Foie Gras" 4845:, (University of Wisconsin Press: 1994), p.253 2502:, which are still alive, presented on a plate. 7592: 7457: 6936:Pythagoras: his life, teaching, and influence 6517: 5509: 4784:"Is it permissible to consume elephant meat?" 4186:"Why Chewing Gum Is Not Allowed in Singapore" 2859:, but this explanation is now out of favour. 1524:(great sacrifice), for the ritual killing of 765:In contrast to cow slaughter, consumption of 455:has prompted legal action in nations such as 199:often follow religious directives to observe 8607:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition 8422:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak 8321:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal 7152: 6102:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5990: 5745: 5667: 5624:, Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 149-51. 5193: 4498:"Dogs and cats 'still eaten in Switzerland'" 3961:. al-islam.org. 24 January 2013. Issue 2633. 3775: 3463:were to be retained and upheld by them. The 1807:, which are eschewed as they grow at night. 1166:'. In 1937, a meat inspection law targeting 8545:United Kingdom food information regulations 6769: 5627: 5299: 5210: 4708:"Is Eating Egg A Sin In Hinduism? | Dvaita" 4415:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4079: 3918: 3009:, an illness never before been seen in the 2742:techniques utilize stomachs (which contain 2018:Smoked and salted horse meat on a sandwich. 1901:allows the consumption of guinea pigs, but 1555:Speak not to me with a mouth that eats fish 1440:vegetarians also refrain from eating eggs. 652:with a multi-chambered stomach. Camels are 366:chemical inputs during food production, or 7599: 7585: 6037: 5984: 5676:"Is It Illegal To Eat or Sell Horse Meat?" 4949: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4027:"Would you eat rook if it was on the menu" 3959:"Rules of Things Allowed to Eat and Drink" 3575: 3282:– forbid or discourage the consumption of 3024:Islam strictly forbids the consumption of 2045:instructed Saint Boniface to suppress the 1889:took legal action to stop vendors serving 586:as backyard wildlife rather than as food. 447:of frogs, even possibly pushing them into 141:), or to certain classes of people (e.g., 99:response being more often associated with 8383:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak 7553:Guide to Migratory Bird Laws and Treaties 7524:Laws of Judaism and Islam concerning food 6793: 6137: 5993:"Folklore and beliefs about the Aye aye ( 5578: 5475: 5383: 5321: 5055: 4863:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 4797:Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam (20 April 2005). 4448:BGBl. (Federal Law Gazette) 1986 I p. 398 4329: 3803: 3793: 3782:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3778:"Food taboos: their origins and purposes" 3544:also generally avoid caffeinated drinks. 2483:Learn how and when to remove this message 2398:has long been a significant part of some 2037:Horse meat is forbidden by some sects of 1990:Learn how and when to remove this message 1826:. This is in contrast to the days of the 1473:are forbidden from eating elephant meat. 1065:Learn how and when to remove this message 755:. For example, tradition states that the 721:Learn how and when to remove this message 486:explicitly prohibit the bat. Bat meat is 173:prescribes a strict set of rules, called 8427:2018 Australian strawberry contamination 8289:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident 7606: 7076:"The History of Absinthe in New Orleans" 6991:. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 6592:"Is 'Impossible Pork' Halal? | ISA" 5481: 5206: 5204: 4859:Northwest Ethiopia: peoples and economy? 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3730:, New York: Psychology Press. Chapter 6. 3378: 2910: 2577: 2565: 2505: 2494: 2324: 2013: 1881:and other cities in Peru, as well as in 1845: 1457: 1133: 889: 615: 412: 316:. Even after reversion to Chinese rule, 152: 29:Prohibitions related to foods and drinks 8397:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak 7481: 7289:. Ruminations. Farm Nostalgia. p. 6984: 6910:, University of Wisconsin Press, 1999. 6561: 5783:Evolution: A Scientific American Reader 5448: 5419: 5413: 5329:"Dishing up foie gras ruffles feathers" 5155:Seaver, Kirsten A. (30 November 2014). 5100: 4871: 4854: 4598: 4460:Matthew Day in Warsaw (7 August 2009). 4431:RGBl. (Reich Law Gazette) 1937 I p. 458 4234: 4224:from the original on 23 September 2015. 4118: 4116: 4059:"France Bans an Old Culinary Tradition" 3971: 3901: 3899: 3835: 3432:prohibit eating or drinking any blood. 2810:United States Department of Agriculture 2095:Horse meat is generally avoided in the 769:such as milk, yogurt, and particularly 628:is strictly prohibited by the Torah in 261:is eaten, in certain circumstances, in 14: 8741: 8412:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning 7989:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 7565:Health and diet aspects of kosher food 7032: 6526: 6508: 6408: 6178: 5882:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 5673: 5363: 5154: 5127: 4907: 4727: 4542: 4192:from the original on 30 September 2018 3905: 3668:List of foods with religious symbolism 3415:, with certain narratives prescribing 3239: 2604:. Offal is a traditional part of many 2155:people of Papua New Guinea engaged in 1287:values or animal rights as in Taiwan. 991:. It is considered kosher even though 7580: 7504:Gidi Yahalom, "The Pig's Testimony", 6546: 6328:, and are usually eaten as part of a 6257:from the original on 30 December 2021 5293: 5201: 5080:"Matthew Yglesias: Norse Fish Update" 5056:Manyheads, Grant (22 November 2021). 5033:Washington Matthews, "Ichthyophobia" 4656:"Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement" 4491: 4489: 3867: 3597: 3347:Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 3194:, a soup whose primary ingredient is 2090:2013 horse meat contamination scandal 952:except Hanafi school of thought. The 751:, as the cow holds a sacred place in 8703: 8591:Institute for Food Safety and Health 8331:Australian meat substitution scandal 8299:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959 8075:Arsenic contamination of groundwater 6181:"'Kangatarians' emerge in Australia" 5967: 5564:. HarperPerennial. 1991. p. 7. 5484:"Guinea Pig: It's What's for Dinner" 5271: 5249: 5060:. Blackfoot Crossing Historical Park 4592: 4579: 4474:from the original on 12 January 2022 4124:"Milk is something special in India" 4113: 4024: 3972:Al-Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan (2008). 3896: 3559: 3451:, Christians, both former Jews (the 3234: 2723:and other organs which can transmit 2465:adding citations to reliable sources 2436: 2360:In the late 1990s, fresh and smoked 2073:while in North Africa this is rare. 1972:adding citations to reliable sources 1943: 1509:who is widely worshipped by Hindus. 1495:have ruled that it is forbidden for 1047:adding citations to reliable sources 1018: 703:adding citations to reliable sources 674: 424:strictly forbids the consumption of 137:), at certain stages of life (e.g., 8723: 8579:Food Information and Control Agency 7519:Americans squeamish over horse meat 7328:Robert Trachtenberg, "Just Grate", 7160:"Doctrine and Covenants 89 Verse 9" 6882:Christine Allison (8 August 2014). 6781:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 6251:"Kangaroo meat - Islamweb - Fatwas" 6179:Malkin, Bonnie (12 February 2010). 5991:Simons, E.L.; Meyers, D.M. (2001). 5442: 5040::41 (April–June 1898), pp. 105-112 3776:Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2009). 2787:when administering a drug test. In 2783:present in the seeds can lead to a 2525:9:4, as interpreted in the Talmud, 2517:Islamic law, Judaic law (including 644:) do, because it does not meet the 403: 24: 6231:from the original on 8 August 2021 5562:The Complete Book of Greek Cooking 5482:Mitchell, Chip (1 November 2006). 5451:"India Pushes Guinea Pigs as Food" 4605:. Duke University Press. pp. 4571: 4495: 4486: 4394:Monthly Consular and Trade Reports 4345:. 25 November 1940. Archived from 4284:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2003.tb00018.x 3908:"Why we shouldn't eat frogs' legs" 3759:Douglas, Mary, Purity and Danger, 3606:law, in which the food that has a 3122:(victory onion or mountain leek). 2907:Rabbit § As food and clothing 1830:, when mushrooms were viewed as a 1464:U.S. Customs and Border Protection 1319:have a taboo against dog meat. In 1240:, forcing him to either break his 508:11:13) explicitly states that the 432:. The restriction is described in 25: 8805: 8596:International Food Safety Network 8520:International Food Safety Network 8241:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 8191:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein 7918:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic 7512: 7443:. University of Wisconsin Press. 7319:, CNN Video on breast milk cheese 6884:"Explainer: who are the Yazidis?" 6353:. A similar dish of lamb's head, 6288:"Babylonian Talmud: Sanhedrin 59" 6156:. 24 October 2008. Archived from 5512:"Big Apple stamps on guinea pigs" 5510:Lester Haines (20 October 2004). 5449:Vecchio, Rick (19 October 2004). 5397:. 28 October 2010. Archived from 5128:Murray, Donald S. (4 June 2019). 4551:(trans.). Yale University Press. 3820: 3495: 3389:, a Filipino stew with pork blood 3278:, Seventh-day Adventists and the 2432: 1769: 1536:theology is symbolic and done in 1462:Elephant meat that was seized by 1087:List of edible insects by country 850: 439:In other cultures, foods such as 8722: 8712: 8702: 8693: 8692: 8681: 8671: 8601:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety 8437:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal 8368:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak 8363:ICA meat repackaging controversy 7424:. University of Virginia Press. 7377: 7361: 7340: 7322: 7307: 7276: 7251: 7225: 7199: 7173: 7125: 7104: 7093: 7068: 7057: 7026: 7009: 6978: 6950: 6894: 6875: 6831: 6809: 6763: 6709: 6678: 6652: 6626: 6612: 6598: 6584: 6570: 6555: 6540: 6482: 6471: 6426: 6420:United States Anti-Doping Agency 6310: 6301: 6280: 6269: 6243: 6213: 5101:Diamond, Jared (21 March 2013). 5035:The Journal of American Folklore 4813:"The Sacred Animals of Hinduism" 4728:Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur (2005). 4162:. 4 January 2012. Archived from 4154:"MP goes tough on cow slaughter" 3914:– via www.theguardian.com. 3621: 2947: 2725:bovine spongiform encephalopathy 2529:59a). However, in the case of a 2441: 2188:Lemur § In Malagasy culture 1948: 1257:, a hairless breed of dog named 1023: 735:Cattle in religion and mythology 679: 559:) are forbidden, as in Judaism. 459:to limit their use in food. The 417:A bag of frog legs from Vietnam. 8540:Quality Assurance International 8447:Food safety incidents in Taiwan 8417:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat 8311:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster 8226:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7490:. University of Arizona Press. 6908:Plants of Life, Plants of Death 6817:"US Bars Imports of "Akrantie"" 6198: 6172: 6146: 6110: 5961: 5943: 5918: 5900: 5806: 5785:. University of Chicago Press. 5770: 5727:"Investigation reports, Canada" 5719: 5693: 5653: 5614: 5591: 5554: 5538:"Guinea Pig Cooks Get Skewered" 5529: 5503: 5428:. University of Arizona Press. 5364:Struna, Hugo (6 January 2023). 5357: 5343: 5227: 5175: 5148: 5121: 5094: 5072: 5027: 4970:"Sea Food in the Four Madhahib" 4960: 4901: 4848: 4835: 4819: 4805: 4790: 4782:Mufti Faraz Adam (6 May 2012). 4775: 4748: 4721: 4700: 4674: 4648: 4623: 4565: 4536: 4518: 4453: 4440: 4423: 4384: 4361: 4314: 4288: 4273: 4262: 4228: 4204: 4178: 4134: 4051: 4018: 4007: 3996: 3965: 3951: 3937: 2612:, including such dishes as the 2452:needs additional citations for 1959:needs additional citations for 1644:, the principal fish-avoiders. 1432:abstain from eating eggs. Many 1236:'s Hound, was presented with a 1170:was introduced for pigs, dogs, 1034:needs additional citations for 690:needs additional citations for 8569:European Food Safety Authority 8442:Food safety incidents in China 8279:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning 8246:Water fluoridation controversy 5183:Code rural – Article L654-27-1 4855:Simoons, Frederick J. (1960). 3858: 3829: 3753: 3733: 3720: 2970:are considered either unclean 2855:to the danger of the parasite 2513:, live fish served as sashimi. 2170:Primates (apes, monkeys, etc.) 2131:Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 1842:Guinea pig and related rodents 1480:because elephants do not have 1107:(Leviticus 11:22). Otherwise, 863: 461:French Ministry of Agriculture 368:genetically modified organisms 237:, no. 87) asking him how long 233:(in a letter preserved in the 13: 1: 8759:Food- and drink-related lists 7439:Frederick J. Simoons (1994). 7394: 7033:Gudorf, Christine E. (2013). 6747:. medbio.info. Archived from 6359:, is today commonly eaten in 6154:"SBS Food :: Kanga who?" 5674:Snider, Brett (28 May 2013). 4801:. Leicester, UK: Darul Iftaa. 4757:The Buddhist Monastic Code II 4602:Reimagining Political Ecology 4433:, then becoming § 1 para. 3, 4296:"Is it Kosher? - KosherQuest" 4235:Prystay, Cris (4 June 2004). 4092:. Peter Lang. pp. 208–. 3906:Henley, Jon (6 August 2009). 3289:The Hebrew Bible describes a 3048:Vegetables, fruits and spices 2997:and guinea pigs that inhabit 2921:The book of Leviticus in the 2761: 2715:In some regions, such as the 2642:", made with goats' stomach. 2368:) carcasses were observed in 1939: 1893:at an Ecuadorian festival in 1283:either because of Islamic or 886:Crustaceans and other seafood 408: 8574:Food and Drug Administration 8256:Food contamination incidents 6819:. ghanaweb.com. 12 June 2003 6335:In France and Spain, eating 5995:Daubentonia madagascariensis 5839:10.1126/science.155.3759.212 5701:"Investigation reports, USA" 5546:. p. 10. Archived from 4588:. DPLS Faculty Publications. 4025:Bach, Daniel (22 May 2009). 3836:Filotas, Bernadette (2005). 3568:is universally accepted for 3542:Seventh-day Adventist Church 2798: 2425:. However, it is considered 1749: 1447: 960:, which is followed by most 870:Chewing gum ban in Singapore 743:. Some Hindus, particularly 7: 8628:Food and drink prohibitions 8402:Bihar school meal poisoning 8326:United Kingdom BSE outbreak 8284:1900 English beer poisoning 7638:Antibiotic use in livestock 7183:. about.com. Archived from 6985:Himmich, Ben Salem (2005). 6958:"Keeping Vegetables Kosher" 6566:. London: Routledge: 36–54. 6551:. London: Routledge: 55–66. 6513:. London: Routledge: 67–79. 5639:"Quälerei auf Pferdefarmen" 5395:National Geographic Society 5300:Atish Patel (7 July 2014). 4799:"Why Can't I Eat Elephant?" 4141:India targets cow slaughter 3614: 3602:In the Torah, there is the 3504:" are taboo for members of 3301:from alcohol, specifically 3019: 2390: 2333:Between 1983 and 2002, the 2051:Christianisation of Iceland 1934:Elevation of the Holy Cross 1717:Norse settlers in Greenland 10: 8810: 8623:Curing (food preservation) 7696:Monosodium glutamate (MSG) 7420:Calvin W. Schwabe (1979). 7401:Stewart Lee Allen (2002). 7039:. Fortress Press. p. 6729:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 4911:Journal of African History 4631:"Bear meat is not kosher!" 4510:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 4325:10.1016/j.tifs.2023.06.028 4086:Donald K. Sharpes (2006). 3471:For it seemed good to the 3372: 3243: 3223: 2962:In most Western cultures, 2951: 2904: 2802: 2765: 2173: 2120: 2110: 2007: 2001: 1924: 1691:Southwestern United States 1547: 1451: 1419: 1387:Western parts of the world 1378: 1349: 1148:People's Republic of China 1138:Dog meat advertised as a " 1127: 1121: 1076: 1014: 900:, for sale at a market in 867: 805:seven north eastern states 732: 609: 582:today, most people regard 471: 386:generating taboos include 207:do not eat beef, and some 31: 8666: 8653:Genetically modified food 8615: 8553: 8505:Food labeling regulations 8477: 8373:2008 Chinese milk scandal 8254: 8176: 8123: 8052: 8002: 7974: 7936: 7825: 7733: 7681: 7614: 7482:Morales, Edmundo (1995). 7283:Winston W Borden (2007). 6906:of Frederick J. Simoons, 5489:Christian Science Monitor 5420:Morales, Edmundo (1995). 5171:– via Google Books. 5144:– via Google Books. 5117:– via Google Books. 4924:10.1017/S0021853700013864 4337:"Dachshunds Are Tenderer" 4128:Smithsonian Tween Tribune 3853:the beginning of winter). 3219: 3216:of any kind to this day. 2900: 2692:on the Eastern Seaboard, 2616:in the United Kingdom or 2106: 1360:Bears are not considered 1208:and medicinal texts like 1200:According to the ancient 670: 605: 148: 8515:Food safety in Australia 7711:High-fructose corn syrup 7080:www.explorelouisiana.com 6839:"What Foods are Kosher?" 6384:. Senac. 2005. pp. 5663:. Save the Horses. 1998. 3890:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 3714: 3638:Anthropology of religion 3368: 3246:Christianity and alcohol 3098:traditionally prohibits 2793:Central Narcotics Bureau 2733:specified risk materials 2561: 2276:lesser spot-nosed monkey 1908: 1782: 1389:, including most of the 1371:are forbidden in Islam. 1345: 967: 908:Almost all types of non- 495: 95:, which may relate to a 8495:Acceptable daily intake 8407:2013 horse meat scandal 7848:Clostridium perfringens 7570:9 December 2021 at the 7331:New York Times Magazine 6930:(subscription required) 6841:. Oxford Chabad Society 6774:Thryonomys swinderianus 5307:The Wall Street Journal 5045:(subscription required) 4945:(subscription required) 4825:"" Pramatha Nath Bose, 4543:Cortés, Hernan (1986). 3576:Prohibited combinations 3540:drinks. Members of the 3147:followers of Pythagoras 2987:Thryonomys swinderianus 2818:Christian denominations 2550:on the half shell" and 1543: 1415: 1374: 1117: 492:(prohibited) in Islam. 467: 277:is rarely eaten in the 235:Boniface correspondence 8754:Food and drink culture 8563:Centre for Food Safety 8378:2008 Irish pork crisis 8080:Benzene in soft drinks 7458:Marvin Harris (1986). 6788:: e.T21847A115163896. 6687:Leviticus 11:6 6343:, lamb head, known as 5235:"India Bans Foie Gras" 5194: 5082:. Yglesias.typepad.com 5008:"Is Shark Meat Halal?" 4884:Frederick J. Simoons, 4841:Frederick J. Simoons, 4580:Yuan, Haiwang (2008). 3978:. ICAS Press. p. 3795:10.1186/1746-4269-5-18 3536:in general, including 3493: 3390: 3297:6:1-21) that includes 3161:, but most likely for 2918: 2822:Seventh-day Adventists 2706:Rocky Mountain oysters 2694:fried-brain sandwiches 2686:Southern United States 2590: 2575: 2514: 2503: 2330: 2284:Campbell's mona monkey 2019: 1913:Some adherents of the 1855: 1729:. This is unusual, as 1642:wandering pastoralists 1563: 1467: 1224:, legend recounts how 1151: 905: 621: 612:Camel § Food uses 418: 279:English-speaking world 183:, dividing foods into 181:Islam has similar laws 166: 8585:Food Standards Agency 8535:Organic certification 8530:Nutrition facts label 8274:Esing Bakery incident 8062:environment pollution 7558:21 April 2021 at the 7534:11 March 2003 at the 7462:. Allen & Unwin. 7422:Unmentionable Cuisine 7263:The Salt Lake Tribune 6974:on 30 September 2006. 6770:Child, M.F. (2017) . 6695:. Bible Study Manuals 6221:"Is Kangaroo Kosher?" 5779:"Once were Cannibals" 5586:Subtus Montis Terroso 3469: 3439:chapters 12, 24, 29, 3382: 3206:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 2952:Further information: 2914: 2619:callos a la madrileña 2581: 2569: 2509: 2498: 2400:indigenous Australian 2328: 2017: 1915:Greek Orthodox Church 1895:Flushing Meadows Park 1849: 1803:priests abstain from 1678:) and all species of 1553: 1461: 1137: 1083:Entomophagy in humans 958:Islamic jurisprudence 893: 619: 416: 360:Organic certification 356:unsustainable fishing 211:apply the concept of 156: 8779:Religion-based diets 8354:2006 North American 8012:Acesulfame potassium 7841:Campylobacter jejuni 7735:Intestinal parasites 7608:Consumer food safety 7546:27 June 2014 at the 7476:cultural materialism 7405:. Ballantine Books. 7187:on 30 September 2011 6934:Riedweg, Christoph. 6902:Gabrielle Hatfield, 6622:. 28 September 2021. 6528:Frazer, James George 6330:mixed fry or "grill" 5215:. The Indian Express 5211:Shantanu D. (2014). 5188:17 July 2020 at the 5068:– via YouTube. 4888:, 1994, p. 261-265, 4435:RGBl. 1940 I p. 1463 3930:25 July 2018 at the 3678:Religion and alcohol 3313:translation and the 2958:Mouse § As food 2812:(USDA) data reports 2678:Latinos and Hispanos 2614:steak and kidney pie 2461:improve this article 2376:in the Congo Basin. 2374:Province of Équateur 2157:funerary cannibalism 1968:improve this article 1493:Islamic dietary laws 1340:New Guinea Highlands 1228:, the great hero of 1043:improve this article 699:improve this article 120:codified by religion 18:Taboo food and drink 8658:Conspiracy theories 8211:Heterocyclic amines 8115:Shellfish poisoning 6666:. 13 September 2023 6640:. 11 September 2023 6608:. 15 February 2022. 6422:. 10 February 2014. 6074:10.1038/nature01566 6066:2003Natur.422..611W 5831:1967Sci...155..212C 5550:on 20 October 2004. 5281:. Agra Europe. 2014 5259:. EU food law. 2014 4989:"Is Catfish Halal?" 4545:Letters from Mexico 4241:Wall Street Journal 4039:on 17 February 2020 3430:Jehovah's Witnesses 3343:Temperance movement 3284:alcoholic beverages 3240:Alcoholic beverages 3042:raised commercially 2861:James George Frazer 2544:eating live seafood 2316:western red colobus 2264:Cercopithecus diana 2230:, known locally as 2196:of some species of 1689:Many tribes of the 1478:Jewish dietary laws 1369:terrestrial animals 1160:Frederick the Great 897:Callinectes sapidus 816:Sinhalese Buddhists 654:even-toed ungulates 332:ethical consumerism 245:system was used in 8316:Toxic oil syndrome 8269:Swill milk scandal 8095:Diethylstilbestrol 7767:Diphyllobothriasis 7508:5 (2007): 195–204. 7211:Mormonnewsroom.org 7100:Leviticus 17:10–14 6160:on 24 October 2008 5707:on 28 January 2015 5463:on 21 October 2004 5181:French rural code 4956:Leviticus 11:10–13 4765:Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu 4377:The New York Times 4349:on 16 October 2007 4269:Leviticus 11:10–12 4159:The Times of India 3947:. islamic-web.com. 3693:Semi-vegetarianism 3683:Religion and drugs 3598:Prohibited origins 3391: 3309:(according to the 3256:Rastafari movement 3119:Allium victorialis 3011:Western Hemisphere 2919: 2712:or 'bull's eggs'. 2645:Except for heart, 2634:since the time of 2591: 2576: 2515: 2504: 2331: 2268:putty-nosed monkey 2078:Continental Europe 2020: 1856: 1850:Roast guinea pig ( 1614:Cushitic languages 1560:Somali nomad taunt 1468: 1293:Northeastern Asian 1152: 906: 622: 419: 362:prohibits certain 340:endangered species 167: 8736: 8735: 8643:Food preservation 8452:Foodborne illness 8004:Sugar substitutes 7757:Cryptosporidiosis 7739:parasitic disease 7653:HGH controversies 7620:food contaminants 7300:978-0-9794804-0-9 7050:978-1-4514-2621-2 7002:978-977-424-897-9 6925::317-318 (2000). 6751:on 9 January 2020 6399:978-85-7458-201-6 6381:Goat meat cookery 6060:(6932): 611–614. 5968:Ruud, J. (1970). 5893:978-0-313-28852-4 5825:(3759): 212–214. 5792:978-0-226-74269-4 5597:J. N. Hillgarth, 5012:Shariahprogram.ca 4993:Shariahprogram.ca 4741:978-0-7546-5202-1 4688:. 10 January 2014 4099:978-0-8204-7902-6 3989:978-1-904063-29-2 3688:Sacramental bread 3566:human breast milk 3560:Human breast milk 3554:History of coffee 3549:Pope Clement VIII 3453:Jewish Christians 3426:Iglesia ni Cristo 3280:Iglesia ni Cristo 3276:Latter-day Saints 3250:Islam and alcohol 3235:Prohibited drinks 3061:Hindu holy months 2916:Cottontail rabbit 2888:(for example, by 2886:pork alternatives 2493: 2492: 2485: 2381:human cannibalism 2347:common chimpanzee 2304:Colobus polykomos 2143:The First Crusade 2117:Human cannibalism 2000: 1999: 1992: 1622:Semitic languages 1540:in modern times. 1491:Some scholars of 1255:pre-Columbian era 1232:whose name means 1156:Western countries 1075: 1074: 1067: 826:Burmese Buddhists 812:Chinese Buddhists 731: 730: 723: 665:Arabian Peninsula 480:Deuteronomic Code 393:The 100-Mile Diet 374:, and the use of 16:(Redirected from 8801: 8726: 8725: 8716: 8706: 8705: 8696: 8695: 8688:Drink portal 8686: 8685: 8684: 8676: 8675: 8587:(United Kingdom) 8336:Jack in the Box 8307: 8294:Minamata disease 8206:Food irradiation 8186:4-Hydroxynonenal 8034:Sodium cyclamate 7877:Escherichia coli 7869:Escherichia coli 7601: 7594: 7587: 7578: 7577: 7501: 7489: 7473: 7454: 7435: 7416: 7389: 7388: 7381: 7375: 7365: 7359: 7344: 7338: 7326: 7320: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7239:. 31 August 2012 7229: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7213:. 29 August 2012 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7156: 7150: 7129: 7123: 7108: 7102: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7072: 7066: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7030: 7024: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6967:. Archived from 6962: 6954: 6948: 6931: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6888:The Conversation 6879: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6797: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6728: 6720: 6713: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6682: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6564:Food and Culture 6559: 6553: 6552: 6549:Food and Culture 6544: 6538: 6537: 6533:The Golden Bough 6524: 6515: 6514: 6511:Food and Culture 6506: 6491: 6489:Deuteronomy 14:8 6486: 6480: 6478:Leviticus 11:7–8 6475: 6469: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6444:on 19 April 2016 6440:. Archived from 6430: 6424: 6423: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6390:books.google.com 6314: 6308: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6284: 6278: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6217: 6211: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6123: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6101: 6093: 6051: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6025:on 13 March 2016 6024: 6018:. Archived from 6001: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5957:on 5 March 2016. 5953:. Archived from 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5634: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5595: 5589: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5459:. Archived from 5446: 5440: 5439: 5427: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5370:www.euractiv.com 5361: 5355: 5354: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5208: 5199: 5197: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5131:The Guga Hunters 5125: 5119: 5118: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4964: 4958: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4905: 4899: 4882: 4869: 4868: 4862: 4852: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4763:. Translated by 4762: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4658:. Archived from 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4577: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4540: 4534: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4509: 4501: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4465: 4457: 4451: 4444: 4438: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4414: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4373: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4333: 4327: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4298:. Archived from 4292: 4286: 4277: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4216: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4120: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4022: 4016: 4011: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3941: 3935: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3903: 3894: 3893: 3882: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3807: 3797: 3773: 3767: 3757: 3751: 3739:Harris, Marvin, 3737: 3731: 3724: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3585:three categories 3570:infant nutrition 3491: 3465:Apostolic Decree 3407:ritually unclean 3168:Vegetables like 3163:magico-religious 3129:, the eating of 3096:Buddhist cuisine 2890:Impossible Foods 2488: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2445: 2437: 2312:Procolobus verus 2043:Pope Gregory III 2030:in Northwestern 1995: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1952: 1944: 1927: 1926: 1873:, mostly in the 1693:, including the 1582:agriculturalists 1561: 1520:(sacrifice) and 1364:in Judaism. All 1210:Sushruta Samhita 1202:Hindu scriptures 1130:Dogs in religion 1070: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1027: 1019: 975:is concentrated 820:Sinhalese people 726: 719: 715: 712: 706: 683: 675: 630:Deuteronomy 14:7 580:Western cultures 478:In Judaism, the 404:Prohibited foods 384:social movements 328:Environmentalism 189:(forbidden) and 128:symbolic systems 21: 8809: 8808: 8804: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8798: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8682: 8680: 8678:Food portal 8670: 8662: 8611: 8549: 8510:Food libel laws 8473: 8301: 8250: 8216:Modified starch 8178:Food processing 8172: 8119: 8048: 7998: 7994:Sodium benzoate 7970: 7932: 7927:Vibrio cholerae 7821: 7792:Gnathostomiasis 7777:Fasciolopsiasis 7729: 7677: 7668:Mercury in fish 7610: 7605: 7572:Wayback Machine 7560:Wayback Machine 7548:Wayback Machine 7536:Wayback Machine 7529:Insects as food 7515: 7506:Antiguo Oriente 7498: 7474:Harris applies 7470: 7451: 7432: 7413: 7397: 7392: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7366: 7362: 7348:Italian Cuisine 7345: 7341: 7327: 7323: 7312: 7308: 7301: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7242: 7240: 7231: 7230: 7226: 7216: 7214: 7205: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7130: 7126: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7074: 7073: 7069: 7062: 7058: 7051: 7031: 7027: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6983: 6979: 6971: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6929: 6899: 6895: 6880: 6876: 6866: 6864: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6844: 6842: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6822: 6820: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6722: 6721: 6717:"Eating Rabbit" 6715: 6714: 6710: 6698: 6696: 6691: 6683: 6679: 6669: 6667: 6664:Financial Times 6658: 6657: 6653: 6643: 6641: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6560: 6556: 6545: 6541: 6525: 6518: 6507: 6494: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6472: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6400: 6378: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6126:Pan Africa News 6121: 6115: 6111: 6095: 6094: 6049: 6042: 6038: 6028: 6026: 6022: 5999: 5989: 5985: 5966: 5962: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5930:www.sefaria.org 5924: 5923: 5919: 5912:Learn Religions 5906: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5874: 5870: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5757:Konjsko-meso.rs 5751: 5750: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5733:on 29 June 2017 5725: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5672: 5668: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5635: 5628: 5619: 5615: 5596: 5592: 5583: 5579: 5572: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5418: 5414: 5404: 5402: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5362: 5358: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5240: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5190:Wayback Machine 5180: 5176: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5126: 5122: 5115: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5032: 5028: 5016: 5014: 5006: 4997: 4995: 4987: 4978: 4976: 4968: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4906: 4902: 4883: 4872: 4853: 4849: 4840: 4836: 4824: 4820: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4795: 4791: 4780: 4776: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4691: 4689: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4662:on 28 June 2015 4654: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4597: 4593: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4541: 4537: 4523: 4519: 4503: 4502: 4496:Savage, James. 4494: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4468:Telegraph.co.uk 4458: 4454: 4445: 4441: 4428: 4424: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4398: 4389: 4385: 4380:. 23 June 1907. 4371: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4302:on 10 July 2015 4294: 4293: 4289: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4233: 4229: 4221: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4195: 4193: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4023: 4019: 4014:Leviticus 11:16 4012: 4008: 4003:Leviticus 11:13 4001: 3997: 3990: 3970: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3932:Wayback Machine 3923: 3919: 3904: 3897: 3884: 3883: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3848: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3774: 3770: 3758: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3627: 3620: 3617: 3600: 3592:Italian cuisine 3578: 3562: 3498: 3492: 3487: 3377: 3371: 3252: 3242: 3237: 3228: 3222: 3105:Allium chinense 3085:root vegetables 3050: 3022: 3001:, south of the 2960: 2950: 2925:classifies the 2909: 2903: 2867:More recently, 2807: 2801: 2770: 2764: 2564: 2546:, such as "raw 2489: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2458: 2446: 2435: 2393: 2351:Pan troglodytes 2343:Gorilla gorilla 2339:western gorilla 2337:populations of 2296:Cercocebus atys 2256:Pan troglodytes 2190: 2184:Carne de chango 2172: 2145: 2135:Marten Hartwell 2119: 2111:Main articles: 2109: 2012: 2010:Horse slaughter 2006: 1996: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1965: 1953: 1942: 1930:basilikón fytón 1925:βασιλικόν φυτόν 1911: 1852:Cavia porcellus 1844: 1785: 1779:" (fetus bag). 1772: 1752: 1659:, among mainly 1657:Southern Africa 1604:, and northern 1562: 1559: 1552: 1546: 1456: 1450: 1424: 1418: 1383: 1377: 1358: 1348: 1281:and South Korea 1222:Irish mythology 1132: 1126: 1120: 1089: 1071: 1060: 1054: 1051: 1040: 1028: 1017: 983:which has been 970: 888: 872: 866: 853: 832:In the town of 737: 727: 716: 710: 707: 696: 684: 673: 620:Dromedary camel 614: 608: 599:ortolan bunting 498: 476: 470: 453:overconsumption 411: 406: 348:migratory birds 310:horse slaughter 151: 41: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8807: 8797: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8730: 8720: 8710: 8700: 8690: 8667: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8633:Food marketing 8630: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8616:Related topics 8613: 8612: 8610: 8609: 8604: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8582: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8559: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8491: 8489: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8351: 8342: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8260: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8201:Food additives 8198: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8129: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8066: 8064: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8025: 8024: 8014: 8008: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7980: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7923: 7915: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7873: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7844: 7837: 7831: 7829: 7827:Microorganisms 7823: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7797:Paragonimiasis 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7762:Cyclosporiasis 7759: 7754: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7715: 7714: 7713: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7687: 7685: 7683:Food additives 7679: 7678: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7658:Lead poisoning 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7624: 7622: 7612: 7611: 7604: 7603: 7596: 7589: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7562: 7550: 7538: 7526: 7521: 7514: 7513:External links 7511: 7510: 7509: 7502: 7496: 7479: 7468: 7455: 7449: 7436: 7430: 7417: 7411: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7376: 7360: 7358:, 2005, p. 142 7339: 7336:March 30, 2008 7321: 7306: 7299: 7275: 7250: 7224: 7198: 7172: 7151: 7124: 7103: 7092: 7067: 7064:Numbers 6:1–21 7056: 7049: 7025: 7008: 7001: 6977: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6932: 6893: 6874: 6852: 6830: 6808: 6762: 6736: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6689: 6677: 6651: 6625: 6611: 6597: 6583: 6578:"Verify Halal" 6569: 6554: 6539: 6516: 6492: 6481: 6470: 6455: 6425: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6398: 6341:Western Norway 6339:is common. In 6333: 6309: 6300: 6279: 6268: 6242: 6212: 6197: 6171: 6145: 6139:10.5134/143400 6109: 6036: 5983: 5960: 5942: 5917: 5899: 5892: 5868: 5805: 5791: 5769: 5744: 5718: 5692: 5666: 5652: 5626: 5613: 5590: 5577: 5570: 5553: 5528: 5502: 5474: 5441: 5434: 5412: 5401:on 21 May 2006 5382: 5356: 5342: 5320: 5292: 5270: 5248: 5226: 5200: 5174: 5167: 5161:. I.B.Tauris. 5147: 5140: 5120: 5113: 5107:. Penguin UK. 5093: 5071: 5048: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5004: 4985: 4959: 4948: 4900: 4870: 4847: 4834: 4818: 4804: 4789: 4774: 4747: 4740: 4720: 4699: 4686:Pinki's Palate 4673: 4647: 4635:Bluethread.com 4622: 4615: 4591: 4574:而是以实际中国少数民族风情录 4564: 4557: 4549:Anthony Pagden 4535: 4517: 4485: 4452: 4439: 4422: 4383: 4360: 4328: 4313: 4287: 4272: 4261: 4227: 4203: 4177: 4145: 4133: 4112: 4098: 4078: 4067:. 30 June 1999 4064:Wine Spectator 4050: 4017: 4006: 3995: 3988: 3964: 3950: 3936: 3917: 3895: 3866: 3857: 3846: 3828: 3819: 3768: 3752: 3732: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3616: 3613: 3599: 3596: 3577: 3574: 3561: 3558: 3526:Word of Wisdom 3497: 3496:Coffee and tea 3494: 3485: 3370: 3367: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3224:Main article: 3221: 3218: 3049: 3046: 3021: 3018: 3003:Saharan Desert 2949: 2946: 2934:ingredient in 2905:Main article: 2902: 2899: 2803:Main article: 2800: 2797: 2785:false positive 2766:Main article: 2763: 2760: 2746:) for turning 2717:European Union 2710:huevos de toro 2610:Asian cuisines 2563: 2560: 2491: 2490: 2449: 2447: 2440: 2434: 2433:Living animals 2431: 2409:is illegal in 2392: 2389: 2292:sooty mangabey 2171: 2168: 2108: 2105: 2028:Castro culture 2002:Main article: 1998: 1997: 1980:September 2007 1956: 1954: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1910: 1907: 1899:New York State 1843: 1840: 1784: 1781: 1771: 1770:Animal fetuses 1768: 1764:Flemish Region 1751: 1748: 1661:Bantu speakers 1557: 1548:Main article: 1545: 1542: 1516:distinguishes 1449: 1446: 1420:Main article: 1417: 1414: 1379:Main article: 1376: 1373: 1362:kosher animals 1347: 1344: 1336:Urapmin people 1297:Chinese Mongol 1259:xoloitzcuintle 1142:specialty" in 1122:Main article: 1119: 1116: 1073: 1072: 1031: 1029: 1022: 1016: 1013: 1009:animal product 969: 966: 887: 884: 865: 862: 852: 851:Dairy products 849: 767:dairy products 733:Main article: 729: 728: 687: 685: 678: 672: 669: 634:Leviticus 11:4 624:The eating of 610:Main article: 607: 604: 574:restaurant in 497: 494: 472:Main article: 469: 466: 410: 407: 405: 402: 227:Saint Boniface 150: 147: 38:Unclean animal 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8806: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8784:Religious law 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8729: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8709: 8701: 8699: 8691: 8689: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8668: 8665: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8638:Food politics 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8605: 8603:(South Korea) 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8583: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8468: 8467:United States 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8388:2011 Germany 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8345:1996 Odwalla 8343: 8341: 8339: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7976:Preservatives 7973: 7967: 7966:Methamidophos 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7845: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7807:Toxoplasmosis 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7724: 7721: 7720: 7719: 7718:Vegetable oil 7716: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7602: 7597: 7595: 7590: 7588: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7573: 7569: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7545: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7533: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7497:0-8165-1558-1 7493: 7488: 7487: 7480: 7477: 7471: 7469:0-04-306002-1 7465: 7461: 7456: 7452: 7450:0-299-14250-7 7446: 7442: 7437: 7433: 7431:0-8139-1162-1 7427: 7423: 7418: 7414: 7412:0-345-44015-3 7408: 7404: 7399: 7398: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7370: 7369:Atlas Obscura 7364: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7333: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7317: 7310: 7302: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7287: 7279: 7264: 7260: 7254: 7238: 7237:LDSLiving.com 7234: 7228: 7212: 7208: 7202: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7145: 7144:Matthew 26:28 7141: 7137: 7133: 7128: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7101: 7096: 7081: 7077: 7071: 7065: 7060: 7052: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7029: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7012: 7004: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6989: 6981: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6953: 6945: 6944:0-8014-4240-0 6941: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6916:0-299-15904-3 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6889: 6885: 6878: 6862: 6856: 6840: 6834: 6818: 6812: 6796: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6775: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6732: 6726: 6718: 6712: 6694: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6639: 6635: 6629: 6621: 6615: 6607: 6601: 6593: 6587: 6579: 6573: 6565: 6558: 6550: 6543: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6523: 6521: 6512: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6474: 6468: 6464: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6401: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6338: 6337:calf's brains 6334: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6316: 6313: 6304: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6272: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6186: 6185:The Telegraph 6182: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6140: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6105: 6099: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6048: 6040: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 5998: 5996: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5895: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5809: 5794: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5773: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5662: 5656: 5640: 5633: 5631: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5607:0-8122-1213-4 5604: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5581: 5573: 5571:9780060921293 5567: 5563: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5544: 5543:New York Post 5539: 5532: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5478: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5437: 5435:0-8165-1558-1 5431: 5426: 5425: 5416: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5352: 5346: 5330: 5324: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5280: 5274: 5258: 5252: 5236: 5230: 5214: 5207: 5205: 5196: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5178: 5170: 5168:9781784530570 5164: 5160: 5159: 5151: 5143: 5141:9781841586847 5137: 5133: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5114:9780141976969 5110: 5106: 5105: 5097: 5081: 5075: 5059: 5052: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5030: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4957: 4952: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4894:0-299-14254-X 4891: 4887: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4851: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4814: 4808: 4800: 4793: 4786:. Darul Fiqh. 4785: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4732: 4724: 4709: 4703: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4618: 4616:0-8223-3672-3 4612: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4568: 4560: 4558:0-300-03799-6 4554: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4528: 4527: 4521: 4513: 4507: 4499: 4492: 4490: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4456: 4449: 4443: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4418: 4412: 4396: 4395: 4387: 4379: 4378: 4370: 4364: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4265: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4220: 4213: 4207: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4166:on 5 May 2013 4165: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4101: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4082: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4032:Evening Times 4028: 4021: 4015: 4010: 4004: 3999: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3968: 3960: 3954: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3847:0-88844-151-7 3843: 3839: 3832: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3766: 3765:0-415-28995-5 3762: 3756: 3750: 3749:0-04-306002-1 3746: 3742: 3736: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3663:List of diets 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3624: 3619: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3490: 3489:Acts 15:28–29 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3449:first century 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3381: 3376: 3375:Blood as food 3366: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3325:shikaru, for 3324: 3320: 3316: 3315:Bauer lexicon 3312: 3308: 3305:and probably 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3247: 3232: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3189:Egyptian dish 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2948:Rats and mice 2945: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2869:Marvin Harris 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2647:tongue (beef) 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2632:national dish 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2559: 2557: 2554:(live fish). 2553: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2508: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2484: 2476: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2450:This section 2448: 2444: 2439: 2438: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407:Kangaroo meat 2404: 2401: 2397: 2396:Kangaroo meat 2388: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2308:olive colobus 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2280:C. petaurista 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2248:Cavally River 2244: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:Monkey brains 2177: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2127:Alferd Packer 2124: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2041:. In 732 CE, 2040: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2011: 2005: 1994: 1991: 1983: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1957:This section 1955: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1903:New York City 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1848: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1767: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1721:Jared Diamond 1718: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1567:Somali people 1556: 1551: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514:Kalika Purana 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1482:cloven hooves 1479: 1474: 1472: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1454:Elephant meat 1445: 1441: 1439: 1436:and Orthodox 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1353: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1238:Morton's fork 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1125: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1069: 1066: 1058: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1032:This section 1030: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 946: 940: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 911: 903: 899: 898: 892: 883: 881: 877: 871: 861: 858: 848: 845: 843: 839: 835: 830: 827: 823: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 798: 794: 793:Indian states 789: 786: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 736: 725: 722: 714: 704: 700: 694: 693: 688:This section 686: 682: 677: 676: 668: 666: 662: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 618: 613: 603: 600: 595: 592: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 560: 558: 554: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 526:birds of prey 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 493: 491: 490: 485: 484:Priestly Code 481: 475: 465: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 415: 401: 399: 395: 394: 389: 385: 381: 377: 376:sewage sludge 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 350:. Similarly, 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 323: 319: 315: 314:United States 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 202: 201:vegetarianism 198: 195:(permitted). 194: 193: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 172: 165:, India. 1993 164: 160: 155: 146: 144: 140: 136: 131: 129: 125: 121: 116: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 39: 35: 27: 19: 8648:Food quality 8627: 8555:Institutions 8389: 8355: 8346: 8337: 8221:Nitrosamines 7984:Benzoic acid 7946:Chlorpyrifos 7925: 7919: 7910: 7893: 7876: 7868: 7860: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7817:Trichuriasis 7802:Toxocariasis 7772:Enterobiasis 7648:Formaldehyde 7485: 7459: 7440: 7421: 7402: 7379: 7373:May 10, 2018 7368: 7363: 7347: 7342: 7329: 7324: 7316:Chest Cheese 7315: 7314:Jeanne Moos 7309: 7285: 7278: 7266:. Retrieved 7262: 7253: 7241:. Retrieved 7236: 7227: 7215:. Retrieved 7210: 7201: 7189:. Retrieved 7185:the original 7175: 7163:. Retrieved 7154: 7148:Hebrews 9:22 7127: 7106: 7095: 7083:. Retrieved 7079: 7070: 7059: 7035: 7028: 7017:Sahih Muslim 7015: 7011: 6988:The theocrat 6987: 6980: 6969:the original 6964: 6952: 6935: 6922: 6919: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6887: 6877: 6867:15 September 6865:. Retrieved 6855: 6843:. Retrieved 6833: 6821:. Retrieved 6811: 6799:. Retrieved 6785: 6779: 6773: 6765: 6753:. Retrieved 6749:the original 6739: 6711: 6697:. Retrieved 6680: 6668:. Retrieved 6663: 6654: 6642:. Retrieved 6637: 6628: 6614: 6600: 6586: 6572: 6563: 6557: 6548: 6542: 6531: 6510: 6484: 6473: 6458: 6446:. Retrieved 6442:the original 6437: 6428: 6410: 6380: 6364: 6354: 6344: 6332:on weekends. 6319: 6312: 6303: 6291:. Retrieved 6282: 6271: 6259:. Retrieved 6245: 6233:. Retrieved 6224: 6215: 6209:The Guardian 6208: 6200: 6188:. Retrieved 6184: 6174: 6162:. Retrieved 6158:the original 6148: 6132:(2): 24–26. 6129: 6125: 6112: 6098:cite journal 6057: 6053: 6039: 6027:. 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