Animal slaughter - Knowledge

987: 911:"No person, firm, or corporation engaged in the business of buying, selling, or transporting in commerce, or importing, dead, dying, disabled, or diseased animals, or any parts of the carcasses of any animals that died otherwise than by slaughter, shall buy, sell, transport, offer for sale or transportation, or receive for transportation, in commerce, or import, any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses, mules or other equines, or parts of the carcasses of any such animals that died otherwise than by slaughter, unless such transaction, transportation or importation is made in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe to assure that such animals, or the unwholesome parts or products thereof, will be prevented from being used for human food purposes." 827:(CFIA), industry, stakeholders, transporters, operators and every person who handles live animals. Canadian law requires that all federally registered slaughter establishments ensure that all species of food animals are handled and slaughtered humanely. The CFIA verifies that federal slaughter establishments are compliant with the Meat Inspection Regulations. The CFIA's humane slaughter requirements take effect when the animals arrive at the federally registered slaughter establishment. Industry is required to comply with the Meat Inspection Regulations for all animals under their care. The Meat Inspection Regulations define the conditions for the humane slaughter of all species of food animals in federally registered establishments. Some of the provisions contained in the regulations include: 22: 858:

stun-to-kill time (time between stunning the animal and killing it) for the stunned animal, increasing the risk the animal would regain consciousness and it was consequently recommended that slaughter in front of conspecifics be permitted alongside a mandatory limit on stun-to-kill time. Legislation was introduced which allowed animals to be slaughtered in sight of their conspecifics but there was no legislation for a legal maximum stun-to-kill time. Some critics argue that this resulted in the "worst of both worlds", as it mean that the slaughter methods now caused distress to conspecifics without reliably ensuring the animals were killed before regaining consciousness.

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indicates, "slaughterhouse employment increases total arrest rates, arrests for violent crimes, arrests for rape, and arrests for other sex offenses in comparison with other industries." As authors from the PTSD Journal explain, "These employees are hired to kill animals, such as pigs and cows that are largely gentle creatures. Carrying out this action requires workers to disconnect from what they are doing and from the creature standing before them. This emotional dissonance can lead to consequences such as domestic violence, social withdrawal, anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, and PTSD."

1025:) according to Islam, it must come from an animal which is a member of a lawful species and it must be ritually slaughtered, i.e. according to the Law, or the sole code recognized by the group as legitimate. The animal is killed in ways similar to the Jewish ritual with the throat being slit (dhabh), resulting in a quick drop in blood pressure, restricting blood to the brain. This abrupt loss of pressure results in the rapid and irreversible cessation of consciousness and sensibility to pain (a requirement held in high regard by most institutions). The slaughterer must say 453: 1199: 3742: 1580:

between conventional and religious slaughter practices, although both have been criticized on grounds of animal welfare. Concerns about religious slaughter focus on the stress caused during the preparation stages before the slaughtering, pain and distress that may be experienced during and after the neck cutting and the worry of a prolonged period of time of lost brain function during the points between death and preparation if a stunning technique such as electronarcosis is not applied.

1529: 807: 655: 7882: 5026: 470: 983:(fit) before the act of slaughter can commence and consumed. The basic law of the Shechita process requires the rapid and uninterrupted severance of the major vital organs and vessels. They slit the throat, resulting in a quick drop in blood pressure, restricting blood to the brain. This abrupt loss of pressure results in the rapid and irreversible cessation of consciousness and sensibility to pain (a requirement held in high regard by most institutions). 920:“Renderers convert dead animals and animal parts that otherwise would require disposal into a variety of materials, including edible and inedible tallow and lard and proteins such as meat and bone meal (MBM). These materials in turn are exported or sold to domestic manufacturers of a wide range of industrial and consumer goods such as livestock feed and pet food, soaps, pharmaceuticals, lubricants, plastics, personal care products, and even crayons.” 1784: 759: 5015: 3736: 682:. A captive bolt pistol is applied to the head of the animal to quickly render them unconscious before being killed. There are three types of captive bolt pistols, penetrating, non-penetrating and free bolt. The use of penetrating captive bolts has largely been discontinued in commercial situations to minimize the risk of transmission of disease when parts of the brain enter the bloodstream. 704: 1115:

protect their hearing from the constant screams of animals being killed. A 2004 study in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that "excess risks were observed for mortality from all causes, all cancers, and lung cancer" in workers employed in the New Zealand meat processing industry.

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Sickness and disease: Farmers vary between countries in their attitude as to which sick and diseased animals can be sent for slaughter. Some take the view that the slaughterhouses are expert at salvaging what they can from carcasses and so most diseased animals are sent in, whereas in other countries

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Religious slaughter laws and practices have always been a subject of debate, and the certification and labeling of meat products remain to be standardized. Animal welfare concerns are being addressed to improve slaughter practices by providing more training and new regulations. There are differences

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indicates, "Regression analyses of data from 10,605 Danish workers across 44 occupations suggest that slaughterhouse workers consistently experience lower physical and psychological well-being along with increased incidences of negative coping behavior." A 2009 study by criminologist Amy Fitzgerald

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Torn skin, bruising and injury: Caused by rough handling of animals, such as beating the animals with sticks when they refuse to move forward or dragging them along the ground when they fall down. The insults which lead to bruising may be painful, and the swelling and inflammation associated with a

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Used on poultry and other animals; different methods are practiced, here are some examples: a) grabbing the bird by the head then snapping its neck using quick and fast movements b) the bird is put upside down inside a metal funnel, then the head is either quickly cut or hit using the back end of a

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This method can be used for cattle, calves, sheep, swine, goats, horses, mules, and other equines. It is also the standard method for taking down wild game animals such as deer with the intention of consuming their meat. A conventional firearm is used to fire a bullet into the brain or through the

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Temperature stress during transport: Some animals die because of the heat that develops in the closely confined conditions on board the transport truck. During transport, animals are not able to express all the behaviors which normally allow them to keep cool like seeking shade, wallowing, licking

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The worst thing, worse than the physical danger, is the emotional toll. If you work in the stick pit for any period of time—that let’s you kill things but doesn't let you care. You may look a hog in the eye that's walking around in the blood pit with you and think, ‘God, that really isn't a bad

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78 slaughter workers lost fingers, parts of fingers or limbs, more than 800 workers had serious injuries, and at least 4,500 had to take more than three days off after accidents. In a 2018 study in the Italian Journal of Food Safety, slaughterhouse workers are instructed to wear ear protectors to

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reported that the countries with the largest number of slaughtered cows and chickens are China, the United States, and Brazil. Concerning pigs, they are slaughtered by far the most in China, followed by the United States, Germany, Spain, Vietnam, and Brazil. For sheep, again China slaughtered the

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Until 2004, it was illegal to slaughter animals in sight of their conspecifics (members of the same species) because it was thought to cause them distress. However, there was a concern that moving the animals away from their conspecifics to a different place to be slaughtered would increase the

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In the UK the methods of slaughter are largely the same as those used in the United States with some differences. The use of captive bolt equipment and electrical stunning are approved methods of stunning sheep, goats, cattle and calves for consumption- with the use of gas reserved for swine.

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Emotional stress during transport: The unfamiliarity of being on board a transport truck causes fear in animals, and if they are cooped up with others who they do not know, they may start fighting. The noise and jolting of the truck also causes stress and cows, pigs, horses and birds are at

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that may result from such a practice. In India today most establishments will provide both Halal and Jhatka options for dishes containing chicken and lamb. Jhatka meat is not widely available outside India. Jhatka meat is also often considered to be the preferred method of slaughter for

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Dehydration: Animals may not be provided with water at market or during their journey to the slaughterhouse and may arrive dehydrated. The effects of severe dehydration include severe thirst, nausea, a hot-dry body, dry tongue, loss of co-ordination and concentrated urine of a small

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The 2004 report to US Congress titled “Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy”, available in the library of Congressional Research Service, in the ‘Introduction’ paragraph explains Renderers in the US and Canada convert dead animals and other waste material into sellable products:

932:"Pet food consisting of material from diseased animals or animals which have died otherwise than by slaughter, which is in violation of 402(a)(5) will not ordinarily be actionable, if it is not otherwise in violation of the law. It will be considered fit for animal consumption." 1158:. Protesting low prices for meat, farmers would kill their own animals in front of media representatives. The carcasses were wasted and not eaten. However, this effort backfired because it angered television audiences to see animals being needlessly and wastefully killed. 705: 516:(later the Humane Slaughter Association, or HSA) was established in England to improve the slaughter of livestock. In the early 1920s, the HSA introduced and demonstrated a mechanical stunner, which led to the adoption of humane stunning by many local authorities. 791:

Fecal soiling: In some countries, especially where animals come off lush pasture, transport is the main period when they pick up body surface fecal contamination. The emotional stress associated with transport no doubt induces defecation and this compounds the

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farmers appreciate that diseased stock are low grade and their likely low return does not justify sending them in. Sickness and disease are two of the most serious forms of animal suffering and transporting seriously ill animals imposes an additional stress.

1151:, who found similar results. They also got 73% of respondents answering “yes” to the question “Were you aware that slaughterhouses are where livestock are killed and processed into meat, such that, without them, you would not be able to consume meat?”. 1147:’s 2017 survey on attitudes towards animal farming with 1,094 US adults 49% of them "support a ban on factory farming, 47% support a ban on slaughterhouses, and 33% support a ban on animal farming”. The 2017 survey was replicated by researchers at the 2227: 766:

Whether animals are stunned before slaughter or not, they suffer stress while waiting to be killed. A 1996 veterinary review found that there are many ways in which animals suffer and die during the preslaughter period. They include:

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The belief that this was unnecessarily cruel and painful to the animal eventually led to the adoption of specific stunning and slaughter methods in many countries. One of the first campaigners on the matter was the eminent physician,

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is the overarching term accounting for various methods of slaughter used by religions around the world for food production. While keeping religious autonomy, these methods of slaughter, within the United States, are governed by the

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is applied either across the brain or the heart to render the animal unconscious before being killed. In industrial slaughterhouses, chickens are killed prior to scalding by being passed through an electrified water-bath while

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The measures for sanitary checks, animal welfare protection and slaughtering procedures are harmonised throughout the European Union, and detailed by the European Commissions' regulations CE 853/2004, 854/2004 and 1099/2009.

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their fur or stretching their wings and legs. During transport the only useful way they can dissipate heat is by panting. In colder climates, the animals can be exposed to extreme low temperatures, resulting in hypothermia.

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described slaughterhouse line work in the United States as a human rights crime. Slaughterhouses in the United States commonly illegally employ and exploit underage workers and illegal immigrants. In a report by

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most, this time followed by Australia and New Zealand. Similarly, the amount (in tonnes) of fish used for production is highest in China, Indonesia, Peru, India, Russia, and the United States (in that order).

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Inside a truck transporting farm animals to slaughter. Dehydration, injuries, stress, and disease are common during preslaughter transport, and cramped and unhygienic conditions are typical of the process.

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stunning and others showing they did not. However, the current scientific consensus is that the "inhalation of high concentration of carbon dioxide is aversive and can be distressing to animals."

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Drug administration is used to ensure the animal is dead. However, being that this method is expensive, time-consuming, and renders the animals' bodies toxic and inedible, it is mainly used for

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looking animal.’ You may want to pet it. Pigs down on the kill floor have come up to nuzzle me like a puppy. Two minutes later I had to kill them – beat them to death with a pipe. I can't care.

2916: 497:, who spent many years of his later working life developing more humane methods of slaughter as a result of attempting to discover and adapt substances capable of producing general or local 3379: 706: 2732: 2318: 888:

of 1958. This Act requires the proper treatment and humane handling of all food animals slaughtered in USDA inspected slaughter plants. It does not apply to chickens or other birds.

2885: 1110:, the largest meat producer in America, is injured and amputates a finger or limb per month. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism reported that over a period of six years, in the 2701: 3503: 3192:

Baran, B. E.; Rogelberg, S. G.; Clausen, T (2016). "Routinized killing of animals: Going beyond dirty work and prestige to understand the well-being of slaughterhouse workers".

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them. He also founded the Model Abattoir Society in 1882 to investigate and campaign for humane methods of slaughter and experimented with the use of electric current at the

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The act of slaughtering animals, or of raising or transporting animals for slaughter, may engender psychological stress or trauma in the people involved. A 2016 study in

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Jongman, E.C; Barnett, J.L; Hemsworth, P.H (2000). "The aversiveness of carbon dioxide stunning in pigs and a comparison of the CO2 stunner crate vs. The V-restrainer".

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Each of these methods is outlined in detail, and the regulations require that inspectors identify operations which cause "undue" "excitement and discomfort" of animals.

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Although some authors have found health problems associated with the consumption of 4D meat by certain species in its raw form, or found it potentially hazardous,

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The U.S. Code (Title 21, Chapter 12, Subchapter II, § 644) Regulates transactions, transportation, or importation of 4–D animals to prevent use as human food:

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machete or knife. c) cattle, sheep and goats are tied then struck multiple times in the head with a sledgehammer until the animal dies or loses consciousness.

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in air. The pigs lose consciousness within 13 to 30 seconds. Older research produced conflicting results, with some showing pigs tolerated CO

539:. The period was marked by the development of various innovations in slaughterhouse technologies, not all of them particularly long-lasting. 2724: 2322: 5146: 3256: 485:

The use of a sharpened blade for the slaughtering of livestock has been practised throughout history. Prior to the development of electric

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reports that pig and cattle slaughterhouse workers are nearly seven times more likely to suffer repetitive strain injuries than average.

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equipment, some species were killed by simply striking them with a blunt instrument, sometimes followed by exsanguination with a knife.

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The HSA went on to play a key role in the passage of the Slaughter of Animals Act 1933. This made the mechanical stunning of cows and

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There has been controversy over whether or not animals should be slaughtered and over the various methods used. Some people believe

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Meat from animals which are dead, diseased, disabled or dying (4-D meat) on the arrival at the slaughterhouse is often salvaged for

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Even though around 90% of US adults regularly consume meat, almost half of them appear to support a ban on slaughterhouses: in

2824: 21: 7449: 7037: 6962: 5374: 5151: 5106: 4682: 2405:"21 U.S. Code § 644 – Regulation of transactions, transportation, or importation of 4–D animals to prevent use as human food" 1926: 1218: 2755: 2412: 1866: 720:

The animal either has its throat cut or has a chest stick inserted cutting close to the heart. In both these methods, main

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Raj, A. B. M. (1996). "Aversive reactions of turkeys to argon, carbon dioxide and a mixture of carbon dioxide and argon".

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beings should not be harmed regardless of the purpose, or that meat production is an insufficient justification for harm.

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American slaughterhouse workers are three times more likely to suffer serious injury than the average American worker.

881: 1735: 7797: 7273: 7233: 7156: 7113: 6967: 6892: 6371: 5126: 5116: 3115:"Slaughtering for a living: A hermeneutic phenomenological perspective on the well-being of slaughterhouse employees" 1757: 316:. It is estimated that each year, 80 billion land animals are slaughtered for food. Most animals are slaughtered for 3278: 1406: 850:) is the main governing body responsible for legislation and codes of practice covering animal slaughter in the UK. 610:

stunning is mainly used on pigs. A number of pigs enter a chamber which is then sealed and filled with 80% to 90% CO

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The development of stunning technologies occurred largely in the first half of the twentieth century. In 1911, the

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Slaughterhouse: : The Shocking Story of Greed, Neglect, And Inhumane Treatment Inside the U.S. Meat Industry

1819: 1413: 1275: 824: 2054: 1021:. To slaughter an animal is to cause it to pass from a living state to a dead state. For the meat to be lawful ( 7385: 5752: 5462: 5131: 3655: 1545: 3499:

Growing a new agrarian myth: the american agriculture movement, identity, and the call to save the family farm

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guidelines and procedures for the proper unloading, holding and movement of animals in slaughter facilities

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In the United States, many public protest slaughters were held in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the

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reports that on average there are two amputations a week involving slaughterhouse workers in the

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to relieve pain in people. As early as 1853, he designed a chamber that could kill animals by

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Various methods are used to kill or render an animal unconscious during animal slaughter.

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In Canada, the handling and slaughter of food animals is a shared responsibility of the

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Gregory, N. G. (1 January 1996). "Welfare and hygiene during preslaughter handling".

2124:. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. 3 September 2009. Archived from 2095: 2040: 2016: 1997: 1922: 1248: 746: 452: 4544: 3946: 2289:"Humane Slaughter of Livestock Regulations (National Citation: 9 C.F.R. 313.1 – 90)" 2107: 324:, being diseased and unsuitable for consumption, or being surplus for maintaining a 320:; however, they may also be slaughtered for other reasons such as for harvesting of 7782: 7508: 7057: 6724: 6628: 6593: 6583: 6513: 6376: 6316: 6271: 6236: 6095: 6035: 5809: 5767: 5727: 5697: 5682: 5621: 5424: 5187: 5156: 4989: 4784: 4779: 4288: 4200: 4126: 4111: 4061: 3589: 3548: 3538: 3240: 3201: 3134: 3126: 3038: 3030: 2989: 2981: 2816: 2621: 2189: 2087: 2028: 1989: 1589: 1491: 941: 694:

heart of the animal to render the animal quickly unconscious (and presumably dead).

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and electric tongs were required, and the act's wording specifically outlawed the

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requirements for the segregation and handling of sick or injured animals

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International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being

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has been used to induce unconsciousness, often in conjunction with CO

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Electrical (stunning or slaughtering with electric current known as

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This method can be used for sheep, calves and swine. The animal is

528: 524: 486: 404: 2970:"Noise assessment in slaughterhouses by means of a smartphone app" 5631: 5585: 5244: 4860: 4724: 4574: 4554: 4437: 4363: 4230: 4205: 4175: 4167: 4151: 4136: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4021: 4011: 3961: 3906: 3768: 3705: 3672: 3310:"Nearly nine in ten Americans consume meat as part of their diet" 1594: 1453: 1052: 972: 687: 679: 670:

This method can be used for sheep, swine, goats, calves, cattle,

536: 400: 361: 349: 5041: 2878:"Two amputations a week: the cost of working in a US meat plant" 2546:"FDA Compliance Policy Guide Sec. 690.300 about Canned Pet Food" 5182: 5084: 4549: 4449: 4403: 4304: 4283: 4225: 4215: 4185: 4071: 3956: 3803: 3758: 3434:"Survey: Most consumers like meat, slaughterhouses not so much" 1056: 1044: 1038: 980: 576: 396: 368: 306: 3612:

Canada Agricultural Products Act R.S., 1985, c. 20 (4th Supp.)

3461:"FooDS Food Deman Survey, Volume 5, Issue 9: January 18, 2018" 2610:"Artificial death, canonical death: Ritual slaughter in Islam" 1758:"Global Animal Slaughter Statistics & Charts: 2020 Update" 1633:, the sacrifice of a livestock animal according to Islamic law 874:(USDA) specifies the approved methods of livestock slaughter: 7255: 5846: 4964: 4564: 4509: 4474: 4469: 4373: 4353: 4141: 4091: 3833: 3710: 1065: 1060: 1048: 1022: 1014: 995: 991: 721: 671: 580: 568: 564: 416: 412: 392: 376: 337: 5014: 3019:"Mortality and cancer incidence in New Zealand meat workers" 7027: 4190: 4096: 3941: 3843: 3838: 3763: 3664: 2292: 1620: 675: 428: 388: 380: 321: 904:

manufacturers, zoos, greyhound kennels, and mink ranches.

4464: 3848: 3695: 2278:

Aid, Animal. "The humane slaughter myth." (2009), page 16

2224:"Humane Handling and Slaughter of Food Animals in Canada" 1095: 384: 5763:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

2725:"America's Worst Graveyard Shift Is Grinding Up Workers" 2480:"THE USE OF "4-D MEAT" IN THE GREYHOUND RACING INDUSTRY" 846:

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (

3633: 2968:

Francesca Iulietto, Maria; Sechi, Paola (3 July 2018).

2967: 2291:. Animal Legal and Historical Center (regulations from 1979: 1111: 638:

in air) but not low concentrations (a mixture of 30% CO

2661:"Halal, shechita and the politics of animal slaughter" 2577:"Halal, shechita and the politics of animal slaughter" 7282:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

3191: 1812: 837:

requirements for the humane slaughter of food animals

2939:"Revealed: Shocking safety record of UK meat plants" 1955:"When is carbon dioxide stunning used in abattoirs?" 1820:"Humane Slaughter Association Newsletter March 2011" 880:

In 1958, the law that is enforced today by the USDA

900:, and used by a wide range of industries including 367:The animals most commonly slaughtered for food are 3023:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2226:. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 16 March 2013. 2015:Raj, A. B. Mohan; Gregory, N. G. (November 1995). 949:and various religion-specific laws, most notably, 776:particular risk of suffering from motion sickness. 3403:"Animals, Food, and Technology (AFT) Survey 2017" 3279:"The Psychological Damage of Slaughterhouse Work" 606:gas before being killed. In several countries, CO 7902: 5142:List of international animal welfare conventions 3629:Live Counter About Slaughtered Animals Worldwide 3113:Victor, Karen; Barnard, Antoni (20 April 2016). 7434:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 3226: 2321:. National Agricultural Library. Archived from 1071: 36:Number of land animals killed for meat in 2022 6865: 3525:Browning, Heather; Veit, Walter (5 May 2020). 3308:Berg, Jennifer; Jackson, Chris (12 May 2021). 2060:. International Coalition For Animal Welfare. 642:and 60% argon in air with 3% residual oxygen). 5057: 3649: 3112: 2821:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2756:"Exploitation and Abuse at the Chicken Plant" 2145: 2143: 1553: 1078:Labor rights in American meatpacking industry 5147:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 3524: 3400: 2464:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1881: 975:falls in accordance to the religious law of 7109:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 7053:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 5085:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 3307: 3016: 749:, not as a commercialized slaughter method. 5064: 5050: 3656: 3642: 2140: 2014: 1560: 1546: 1055:tradition in accordance with the value of 523:of pigs compulsory, with the exception of 7256:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 7193:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 3624:Humane Slaughter of Livestock Regulations 3593: 3552: 3542: 3458: 3425: 3138: 3042: 2993: 2607: 1853: 1851: 1002: 928:considers it fit for animal consumption: 650:Stunning a cow with a captive bolt pistol 7314:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 5571:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 3338: 3332: 2436:"Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy" 2349:Medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com 1617:, a Japanese method of slaughtering fish 1032: 985: 960: 805: 757: 753: 702: 653: 645: 468: 451: 20: 5162:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 3431: 3401:Reese Anthis, Jacy (20 November 2017). 3065: 2784: 2753: 2722: 2179: 1921:. Cambridge: Woodhead Pub. p. 71. 872:United States Department of Agriculture 630:are averse to high concentrations of CO 7903: 5239:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 3351:from the original on 29 September 2018 2943:The Bureau of Investigative Journalism 2704:from the original on 30 September 2019 2446:from the original on 26 September 2018 2434:S., Becker, Geoffrey (17 March 2004). 2415:from the original on 26 September 2018 2355:from the original on 26 September 2018 2067:from the original on 20 December 2019. 2055:"Stunning of Pigs with Carbon Dioxide" 1848: 1720: 7450:Political Animals and Animal Politics 7254: 7038:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 6963:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 6864: 5845: 5375:Concentrated animal feeding operation 5152:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 5107:Animal rights by country or territory 5083: 5045: 3637: 3495: 3382:from the original on 13 February 2022 3369: 3363: 3227:Fitzgerald, A. J.; Kalof, L. (2009). 2906: 2691: 2556:from the original on 7 September 2018 2385:from the original on 7 September 2018 1792: 1764:from the original on 20 December 2021 1700: 784:bruise lead to a longer-lasting pain. 7181:Animalist Party with the Environment 5468:Animal testing on non-human primates 3575: 3173:from the original on 30 January 2019 3094:from the original on 31 January 2019 2845: 2673:from the original on 19 January 2016 2589:from the original on 5 February 2017 1914: 1738:from the original on 8 December 2021 7605:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 5815:World Day for the End of Speciesism 3339:Ettinger, Jill (21 November 2017). 2723:Waldman, Peter (29 December 2017). 2526:from the original on 3 October 2018 2077: 1918:Poultry meat processing and quality 1896:from the original on 22 August 2014 1138: 13: 7730:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 7073:United Activists for Animal Rights 6983:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 5122:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 3506:from the original on 15 April 2023 3432:Siegner, Cathy (25 January 2018). 2640:from the original on 15 April 2023 2496:from the original on 15 April 2023 2433: 2122:"Farmed animal welfare: Slaughter" 1935:from the original on 15 April 2023 1701:Stone, Kristin (3 November 2016). 882:Food Safety and Inspection Service 14: 7927: 7274:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 7234:Animal Rights National Conference 7157:Animal Protection Party of Canada 7114:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 6968:Chinese Animal Protection Network 6893:American Anti-Vivisection Society 6372:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 5127:Animal rights in Indian religions 5117:Animal rights and punk subculture 5071: 3605: 3370:Piper, Kelsey (5 November 2018). 3017:McLean, D; Cheng, S (June 2004). 2919:from the original on 13 June 2019 2692:Varia, Nisha (11 December 2010). 2658: 2574: 2319:"Humane Methods of Slaughter Act" 2230:from the original on 7 April 2014 1887: 1869:from the original on 14 July 2014 1836:from the original on 14 July 2014 1161: 936: 841: 658:A hen being slaughtered in Brazil 447: 16:Killing of animals for human food 7881: 7880: 7442:Animal Rights Without Liberation 7093:Voice for Animals Humane Society 5825:World Day for the End of Fishing 5820:World Day for Laboratory Animals 5250:Equal consideration of interests 5025: 5024: 5013: 3740: 3734: 3459:Norwood, Bailey; Murray, Susan. 3289:from the original on 25 May 2019 3259:from the original on 25 May 2019 2949:from the original on 25 May 2019 2907:Lewis, Cora (18 February 2018). 2888:from the original on 19 May 2019 2858:from the original on 19 May 2019 2827:from the original on 25 May 2019 2797:from the original on 17 May 2019 2785:Grabell, Michael (23 May 2018). 2766:from the original on 10 May 2019 2735:from the original on 24 May 2019 2299:from the original on 27 May 2008 1982:Applied Animal Behaviour Science 1808:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1804:Dictionary of National Biography 1782: 1527: 1197: 861: 810:A pig being slaughtered in Italy 796: 360:. Later, the carcass is usually 352:in the field (field dressing of 7163:Animal Justice Party of Finland 7048:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 6262:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 5850:(academics, writers, activists) 5743:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 3569: 3527:"Is humane slaughter possible?" 3518: 3489: 3452: 3394: 3301: 3271: 3220: 3185: 3155: 3106: 3074: 3059: 3010: 2961: 2931: 2900: 2870: 2839: 2809: 2778: 2754:Grabell, Michael (1 May 2017). 2747: 2716: 2685: 2652: 2601: 2568: 2538: 2508: 2472: 2427: 2397: 2367: 2337: 2311: 2281: 2272: 2242: 2216: 2173: 2114: 2071: 2047: 2008: 1973: 1947: 1908: 825:Canadian Food Inspection Agency 309:, usually referring to killing 7386:Animals, Property, and the Law 5463:Alternatives to animal testing 5132:Christianity and animal rights 3233:Organization & Environment 2974:Italian Journal of Food Safety 2846:Lowe, Peggy (11 August 2016). 1776: 1750: 1694: 1669: 1643: 1106:. On average, one employee of 712:Video of hen being slaughtered 531:. Modern methods, such as the 28:(1568), drawn and engraved by 1: 7023:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 5733:Cambridge University primates 5265:Ethics of uncertain sentience 4683:Countries by meat consumption 2626:10.1080/07409710.2000.9962092 1994:10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00103-3 1703:"Asia's Dog Meat Trade: FAQs" 1637: 1600:Controlled-atmosphere killing 1156:National Farmers Organization 728:are cut and allowed to bleed. 514:Council of Justice to Animals 507:Royal Polytechnic Institution 423:(a commercial species is the 203:Dogs (low-end estimate 2016) 7083:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 5233:Argument from marginal cases 4970:Non-vegetarian food in India 4688:Countries by meat production 3576:Anil, M. Haluk (July 2012). 2608:Benkheira, Mohammed (2000). 2194:10.1016/0309-1740(96)00053-8 1863:Humane Slaughter Association 1827:Humane Slaughter Association 1707:Humane Society International 1072:Effects on livestock workers 7: 7370:Morals, Reason, and Animals 6998:Farm Animal Rights Movement 6948:Anonymous for the Voiceless 5637:International primate trade 5112:Anarchism and animal rights 4693:Food and drink prohibitions 3436:. Food Dive. Archived from 1681:Compassion In World Farming 1583: 547: 26:The Butcher and his Servant 10: 7932: 7490:Making a Stand for Animals 7362:The Case for Animal Rights 7013:Hunt Saboteurs Association 6973:Cruelty Free International 6943:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 5473:Animal testing regulations 3732: 1165: 1075: 1036: 1017:is in accordance with the 1006: 964: 891: 698: 542: 7876: 7849: 7796: 7746: 7686: 7679: 7645:The Ghosts in Our Machine 7500: 7482:Animal Ethics in the Wild 7265: 7261: 7250: 7226: 7137: 7101: 6918:Animal Legal Defense Fund 6885: 6878: 6874: 6860: 6697: 6421: 6414: 6217:William Hamilton Drummond 6159: 5868: 5859: 5855: 5841: 5802: 5781: 5720: 5670: 5612: 5584: 5576:Welfare of farmed insects 5521: 5453: 5345: 5338: 5203:Animal–industrial complex 5170: 5094: 5090: 5079: 5008: 4906: 4841: 4798: 4750: 4735:Psychology of eating meat 4710: 4675: 4595: 4588: 4339: 4279:Black soldier fly maggots 4264: 4160: 3982: 3862: 3749: 3671: 3468:Oklahoma State University 3409:. Surveys. Archived from 3066:Eisnitz, Gail A. (1997). 2033:10.1017/S096272860001798X 1795:Richardson, Benjamin Ward 1311:Animal–industrial complex 1149:Oklahoma State University 884:(FSIS) was passed as the 818: 801: 286: 272: 258: 245:Deer (in tonnes of meat) 244: 230: 216: 202: 188: 174: 160: 146: 132: 118: 104: 90: 76: 62: 48: 43: 40: 7723:Journal of Animal Ethics 7589:Your Mommy Kills Animals 6978:Direct Action Everywhere 6387:Johann Heinrich Winckler 6332:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 5789:Direct Action Everywhere 5493:Huntingdon Life Sciences 5478:Labcorp Drug Development 5435:Feedback (pork industry) 5400:Intensive animal farming 5137:History of animal rights 4808:Beef hormone controversy 3663: 3245:10.1177/1350508416629456 3206:10.1177/1350508416629456 1915:Mead, G.C., ed. (2004). 563:This method is used for 495:Benjamin Ward Richardson 479:Benjamin Ward Richardson 340:but usually leaving the 175:Pigeons and other birds 7858:Holocaust on your Plate 7629:An Apology to Elephants 7410:Do Animals Have Rights? 7346:Animals, Men and Morals 7322:Better-World Philosophy 7199:Italian Animalist Party 7078:United Poultry Concerns 7033:Last Chance for Animals 6928:Animal Liberation Front 6815:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 5305:Replaceability argument 5223:Animal-free agriculture 3035:10.1136/oem.2003.010587 1957:. RSPCA. Archived from 1793:Power, D'Arcy (1901). " 1677:"Farm Animals: Rabbits" 1013:Animal slaughtering in 7831:Salvation of Innocents 7378:Zoos and Animal Rights 6953:Beauty Without Cruelty 6913:Animal Justice Project 6252:John Zephaniah Holwell 5906:Stephen St. C. Bostock 5483:Great ape research ban 5102:Animal rights movement 4833:Water holding capacity 3617:31 August 2005 at the 3502:(Thesis). p. 19. 2986:10.4081/ijfs.2018.7053 2729:Bloomberg Businessweek 1128: 1003:Islamic law (Dhabihah) 999: 811: 763: 713: 659: 651: 482: 466: 32: 7850:Fairs and exhibitions 7737:The Animals' Defender 7709:Cahiers antispécistes 7637:Speciesism: The Movie 7458:Animal (De)liberation 7418:Striking at the Roots 7330:The Universal Kinship 7290:The Rights of Animals 7211:People Animals Nature 7205:Party for the Animals 7018:In Defense of Animals 6780:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 6172:David Renaud Boullier 5758:Silver Spring monkeys 5657:Wild animal suffering 5566:Pain in invertebrates 5405:Intensive pig farming 5295:Opposition to hunting 5260:Ethics of eating meat 4818:Feed conversion ratio 4720:Ethics of eating meat 3131:10.3402/qhw.v11.30266 2852:National Public Radio 2092:10.1136/vr.138.24.592 1117: 1076:Further information: 1068:in India and abroad. 1051:developed out of the 1033:Sikh customs (Jhatka) 989: 961:Jewish law (Shechita) 809: 761: 754:Preslaughter handling 711: 690:(gunshot/free bullet) 657: 649: 472: 455: 427:), and increasingly, 24: 7466:Sentientist Politics 7394:The Lives of Animals 7145:Animal Justice Party 6958:Born Free Foundation 6795:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 6669:Wendy Turner-Webster 6382:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 5604:Recreational fishing 5445:Ventilation shutdown 5213:Animal protectionism 5193:Animal consciousness 4871:Environmental impact 3595:10.2527/af.2012-0051 2694:"Rights on the Line" 2128:on 26 September 2009 1859:"History of the HSA" 1449:Animal protectionism 971:Animal slaughter in 947:Humane Slaughter Act 886:Humane Slaughter Act 7890:( 139 ) 7716:Etica & Animali 7702:Between the Species 7426:An American Trilogy 7119:Humanitarian League 6730:Frances Power Cobbe 6347:Arthur Schopenhauer 6342:Henry Stephens Salt 6222:Edward Payson Evans 5916:Stephen R. L. Clark 5773:War of the currents 5662:Wildlife management 5556:Pain in crustaceans 5551:Pain in cephalopods 3544:10.3390/ani10050799 3496:Stockwell, Ryan J. 3407:Sentience Institute 3090:. 30 January 2019. 3070:. Prometheus Books. 2260:on 16 November 2011 1631:Udhiyyah or Qurbani 1145:Sentience Institute 741:Drug administration 665:captive bolt pistol 533:captive bolt pistol 521:electrical stunning 364:into smaller cuts. 344:in one piece. Such 305:is the killing of 37: 7653:Unlocking the Cage 7474:Wild Animal Ethics 7298:The Ethics of Diet 7175:Animalist Movement 7151:Animal Politics EU 7063:Sentience Politics 6689:That Vegan Teacher 6307:Siobhan O'Sullivan 6292:José Ferrater Mora 6101:Steve F. Sapontzis 5594:Commercial fishing 5546:Pain in amphibians 5536:Cruelty to animals 5508:Operation Backfire 5347:Animal agriculture 5255:Emotion in animals 4995:Warmed-over flavor 4763:Semi-vegetarianism 3440:on 2 November 2021 2787:"Live on the Live" 2698:Human Rights Watch 2516:"Meat-based diets" 2161:on 15 October 2011 1534:Animals portal 1084:Human Rights Watch 1000: 812: 764: 714: 660: 652: 483: 467: 35: 33: 7898: 7897: 7891: 7872: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7839:Onward to Freedom 7807:Animal Liberation 7792: 7791: 7613:Forks Over Knives 7565:Peaceable Kingdom 7525:Shores of Silence 7517:A Cow at My Table 7402:Eternal Treblinka 7354:Animal Liberation 7246: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7133: 7132: 7068:Uncaged Campaigns 7043:Mercy for Animals 7008:Great Ape Project 6923:Animal Liberation 6869:(groups, parties) 6856: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6755:Elizabeth Farians 6664:Christine Townend 6604:Heather Nicholson 6534:Brigitte Gothière 6524:Antoine Goetschel 6410: 6409: 6071:Charles Patterson 5976:Gary L. Francione 5951:Josephine Donovan 5941:Daniel Dombrowski 5921:Alasdair Cochrane 5837: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5716: 5715: 5647:Predation problem 5531:Animal euthanasia 5440:Foam depopulation 5275:Insects in ethics 5039: 5038: 4706: 4705: 3413:on 4 January 2022 3345:Organic Authority 2614:Food and Foodways 2080:Veterinary Record 1928:978-1-85573-903-1 1570: 1569: 1414:Companion animals 1125:Gail A. Eisnitz, 747:animal euthanasia 709: 300: 299: 7923: 7889: 7884: 7883: 7695:Animal Sentience 7684: 7683: 7549:Legally Blonde 2 7509:The Animals Film 7263: 7262: 7252: 7251: 7058:Rise for Animals 6883: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6862: 6861: 6725:Edith Carrington 6629:Craig Rosebraugh 6594:Virginia McKenna 6584:Jo-Anne McArthur 6514:Juliet Gellatley 6419: 6418: 6377:Mary Anne Warren 6317:Humphrey Primatt 6302:Edward Nicholson 6272:Charles R. Magel 6237:Thomas G. Gentry 6096:Richard D. Ryder 6036:Thomas Lepeltier 5866: 5865: 5857: 5856: 5843: 5842: 5810:World Animal Day 5768:Unnecessary Fuss 5728:Brown Dog affair 5698:Animals in sport 5688:Animal slaughter 5683:Animal sacrifice 5622:Culling wildlife 5425:Wildlife farming 5343: 5342: 5188:Animal cognition 5157:Total liberation 5092: 5091: 5081: 5080: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5028: 5027: 5018: 5017: 4990:Roadkill cuisine 4785:Meat alternative 4780:Plant-based diet 4698:Meat substitutes 4593: 4592: 3744: 3738: 3658: 3651: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3582:Animal Frontiers 3573: 3567: 3566: 3556: 3546: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3477:on 6 August 2019 3476: 3470:. Archived from 3465: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3316:. 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Howard Moore 6232:John Galsworthy 6212:Wilhelm Dietler 6155: 6151:Corey Lee Wrenn 6061:Martha Nussbaum 5971:Lawrence Finsen 5911:Paola Cavalieri 5886:Kristin Andrews 5861: 5851: 5829: 5798: 5777: 5712: 5666: 5608: 5580: 5541:Pain in animals 5517: 5449: 5415:Poultry farming 5334: 5166: 5086: 5075: 5070: 5040: 5035: 5020:Food portal 5012: 5004: 4926:Case-ready meat 4908: 4902: 4876:Factory farming 4837: 4794: 4746: 4712: 4702: 4671: 4584: 4341: 4335: 4260: 4165: 4156: 3978: 3858: 3829:Lamb and mutton 3745: 3739: 3730: 3667: 3662: 3619:Wayback Machine 3608: 3603: 3574: 3570: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3463: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3320:on 20 July 2021 3306: 3302: 3292: 3290: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3225: 3221: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3087:The Independent 3080: 3079: 3075: 3064: 3060: 3015: 3011: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2884:. 5 July 2018. 2876: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2657: 2653: 2643: 2641: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2573: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2457: 2456: 2449: 2447: 2440:Digital Library 2432: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2409:Law.cornell.edu 2403: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2326: 2325:on 7 April 2014 2317: 2316: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2263: 2261: 2250:"Pig Slaughter" 2248: 2247: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2178: 2174: 2164: 2162: 2151:"Slaughter Red" 2149: 2148: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2086:(24): 592–593. 2076: 2072: 2064: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2013: 2009: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1929: 1913: 1909: 1899: 1897: 1888:Leese, Arnold. 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1857: 1856: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1610:Horse slaughter 1586: 1566: 1526: 1519: 1518: 1482: 1474: 1473: 1439: 1431: 1430: 1306: 1298: 1297: 1271: 1261: 1260: 1209: 1189: 1174: 1166:Main articles: 1164: 1141: 1127: 1124: 1080: 1074: 1041: 1035: 1011: 1005: 969: 963: 939: 894: 864: 844: 821: 804: 799: 756: 703: 701: 641: 637: 633: 625: 617: 613: 609: 605: 558:electronarcosis 550: 545: 450: 348:can be done by 296: 292: 291: 282: 278: 277: 273:Other camelids 268: 264: 263: 254: 250: 249: 240: 236: 235: 226: 222: 221: 212: 208: 207: 198: 194: 193: 184: 180: 179: 170: 166: 165: 156: 152: 151: 142: 138: 137: 128: 124: 123: 114: 110: 109: 100: 96: 95: 91:Rabbits (2024) 86: 82: 81: 72: 68: 67: 58: 54: 53: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7929: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7911:Animal killing 7896: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7835: 7827: 7819: 7811: 7802: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7786: 7779: 7772: 7765: 7758: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7719: 7712: 7705: 7698: 7690: 7688: 7681: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7665: 7657: 7649: 7641: 7633: 7625: 7617: 7609: 7601: 7593: 7585: 7577: 7569: 7561: 7553: 7545: 7541:Meet Your Meat 7537: 7529: 7521: 7513: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7486: 7478: 7470: 7462: 7454: 7446: 7438: 7430: 7422: 7414: 7406: 7398: 7390: 7382: 7374: 7366: 7358: 7350: 7342: 7338:The New Ethics 7334: 7326: 7318: 7310: 7302: 7294: 7286: 7278: 7269: 7267: 7259: 7258: 7248: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7169:Animals' Party 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7141: 7139: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7116: 7111: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6938:AnimaNaturalis 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6908:Animal Justice 6905: 6900: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6880: 6872: 6871: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6840:Gretchen Wyler 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6770:Lewis Gompertz 6767: 6762: 6760:Emarel Freshel 6757: 6752: 6750:Muriel Dowding 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6684:Gary Yourofsky 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6599:Ingrid Newkirk 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6544:Charlotte Laws 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6469:Yves Bonnardel 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6444:Martin Balluch 6441: 6436: 6431: 6425: 6423: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6392:Steven M. Wise 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6337:Bernard Rollin 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6297:Leonard Nelson 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6202:Herman Daggett 6199: 6194: 6192:Priscilla Cohn 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6167:Jeremy Bentham 6163: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6081:Jessica Pierce 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6011:Kyle Johannsen 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5936:David DeGrazia 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5876:Carol J. Adams 5872: 5870: 5863: 5853: 5852: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5748:Pit of despair 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5678:Abandoned pets 5674: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5523:Animal welfare 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5498:Model organism 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5459: 5457: 5455:Animal testing 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5430:Working animal 5427: 5422: 5420:Slaughterhouse 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5395:Insect farming 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5355:Animal product 5351: 5349: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5310:Sentiocentrism 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5218:Animal welfare 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5098: 5096: 5088: 5087: 5077: 5076: 5069: 5068: 5061: 5054: 5046: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5031:Category: Meat 5022: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4923: 4918: 4912: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4896:Slaughterhouse 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4847: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4773:Pollotarianism 4770: 4768:Pescetarianism 4760: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4679: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4601: 4599: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4446: 4445: 4440: 4430: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3677: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3607: 3606:External links 3604: 3602: 3601: 3568: 3517: 3488: 3451: 3424: 3393: 3362: 3331: 3300: 3270: 3239:(2): 158–184. 3219: 3200:(3): 351–369. 3184: 3154: 3105: 3073: 3058: 3029:(6): 541–547. 3009: 2960: 2930: 2899: 2869: 2838: 2808: 2777: 2760:The New Yorker 2746: 2715: 2684: 2651: 2620:(4): 227–252. 2600: 2567: 2537: 2507: 2471: 2426: 2396: 2366: 2336: 2310: 2280: 2271: 2241: 2215: 2172: 2139: 2113: 2070: 2046: 2027:(4): 273–280. 2021:Animal Welfare 2007: 1988:(1–2): 67–76. 1972: 1946: 1927: 1907: 1880: 1847: 1811: 1775: 1749: 1719: 1693: 1668: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1607: 1605:Fish slaughter 1602: 1597: 1592: 1585: 1582: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1489: 1483: 1481:Related topics 1480: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1464:Sentiocentrism 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1380:Animal testing 1377: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1249:Primate rights 1246: 1241: 1236: 1234:Animal cruelty 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1214:Animal welfare 1210: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1194: 1193: 1185: 1184: 1168:Animal welfare 1163: 1162:Animal welfare 1160: 1140: 1137: 1122: 1073: 1070: 1037:Main article: 1034: 1031: 1007:Main article: 1004: 1001: 965:Main article: 962: 959: 938: 937:Religious laws 935: 893: 890: 863: 860: 843: 842:United Kingdom 840: 839: 838: 835: 832: 820: 817: 803: 800: 798: 795: 794: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 755: 752: 751: 750: 743: 737: 736: 732: 729: 718: 717:Exsanguination 700: 697: 696: 695: 691: 684: 683: 668: 644: 643: 639: 635: 631: 623: 615: 611: 607: 603: 596: 593:carbon dioxide 589: 561: 549: 546: 544: 541: 475:slaughterhouse 458:Slaughtered Ox 449: 448:Modern history 446: 358:slaughterhouse 332:to remove the 326:breeding stock 298: 297: 290: 288: 284: 283: 276: 274: 270: 269: 262: 260: 256: 255: 248: 246: 242: 241: 234: 232: 228: 227: 220: 218: 214: 213: 206: 204: 200: 199: 192: 190: 189:Water buffalo 186: 185: 178: 176: 172: 171: 164: 162: 158: 157: 150: 148: 144: 143: 136: 134: 130: 129: 122: 120: 116: 115: 108: 106: 102: 101: 94: 92: 88: 87: 80: 78: 74: 73: 66: 64: 60: 59: 55:75,208,676,000 52: 50: 46: 45: 44:Number Killed 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7928: 7917: 7916:Meat industry 7914: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7887: 7879: 7878: 7875: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7841: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7815:Tame Yourself 7812: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7784: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7776:No Compromise 7773: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7734: 7732: 7731: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7718: 7717: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7704: 7703: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7682: 7678: 7671: 7670: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7610: 7607: 7606: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7499: 7492: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7279: 7277:(3rd century) 7276: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7253: 7249: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7207:(Netherlands) 7206: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7185: 7182: 7179: 7176: 7173: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6933:Animal Rising 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6903:Animal Ethics 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6859: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6800:Jessie Mackay 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6775:James Granger 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6710:Henry B. Amos 6708: 6706: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6696: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6679:Louise Wallis 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6644:Kim Stallwood 6642: 6640: 6639:Jasmin Singer 6637: 6635: 6634:Nathan Runkle 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6619:David Olivier 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6504:John Feldmann 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6479:Aymeric Caron 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6449:Carole Baskin 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6417: 6413: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6352:Laurids Smith 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6322:James Rachels 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6267:John Lawrence 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6177:Brigid Brophy 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6141:Tatjana Višak 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6131:David Sztybel 6129: 6127: 6126:Cass Sunstein 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6091:Mark Rowlands 6089: 6087: 6086:Evelyn Pluhar 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6041:Andrew Linzey 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6026:Will Kymlicka 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6006:Dale Jamieson 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5986:Valéry Giroux 5984: 5982: 5981:Robert Garner 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5946:Sue Donaldson 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5926:J. 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