2216:
1851:
1747:
2019:
271:
1960:
2152:
1797:
436:. Peruvian Marxists differ from traditional Marxists in a few ways. Notably, the Peruvian Marxist tradition holds that non-industrial workers could become politically conscious and begin a popular uprising, a notion dismissed by European Marxists in Mariategui's time. Peruvian Marxists are less concerned with achieving the key precursors of traditional Marxist revolutions, and instead focus on the daily experiences of Peruvians. Revolution, they argue, is the only way to improve the conditions of the Peruvian people.
558:, armed forces stormed the residence in April 1997, rescuing all but one of the remaining hostages and killing all 14 MRTA militants. Fujimori was publicly acclaimed for the decisive action, but the affair was later tainted by subsequent revelations that at least three, and perhaps as many as eight, of the MRTistas were summarily executed after they surrendered. The Japanese embassy hostage crisis marked the end of MRTA as any threat to the Peruvian state and effectively dissolved the group.
2190:
2097:
1757:
1737:
1999:
203:
2058:
501:
237:
1768:
1778:
2163:
444:
further deteriorate conditions in Peru, hopefully leading to a transition from a pre-revolutionary state to revolutionary state. The MRTA believed that political organization would be important to a successful revolution, but criticized preexisting leftist groups as naive for believing in a peaceful reform movement. The MRTA believes that "reformism" in general has stalled the progress towards global socialist revolution by preventing the rise of
2176:
2032:
289:
2119:
509:
2140:
2045:
225:
2204:
1861:
2071:
248:
1821:
2084:
259:
628:
population and at some points showed signs of being open to peace negotiations. Nevertheless, MRTA also engaged in criminal acts; it resorted to assassinations, such as in the case of
General Enrique López Albújar, the taking of hostages and the systematic practice of kidnapping, all crimes that violate not only personal liberty but the international humanitarian law that the MRTA claimed to respect.
1841:
1809:
1831:
422:, and argues that the policies enforced by these organizations on Peru have caused unemployment and stalled development. In their first radio transmission, the MRTA said, "the war which we begin today is a continuation of the open and clandestine war we Peruvians have waged against foreign and internal oppressors (for centuries)." Drawing upon the works of
527:, causing damage but no casualties. The MRTA members were disguised as police, and fled after receiving returning fire from Peruvian guards. The MRTA claimed responsibility for the attack in a message sent to the United States embassy. The group was also linked to further attacks to the Embassy premises in late 1985, April 1986 (protesting US'
451:
The MRTA simultaneously preached
Peruvian nationalism while arguing they were part of a larger Latin American effort to remove North American interference on the continent. The prominence of Peru's Indigenous past in the MRTA's rhetoric meant they never aspired to fully merge with a global movement,
439:
Peruvian
Marxists also valorize Indigenous societies for their communal organization, which is seen as a precursor to socialism. Effectively, Peruvian Marxists equate the establishment of a socialist state in Peru with a return of an Indigenous state, which is considered more just and representative
488:
guerrilla faction which was defeated in 1965. The MRTA attempted to ally with other leftist organizations following the first democratic elections in Peru after a military government period (1968–1980). in the Period of 1982–1984, the MRTA continued to organize its military and political structures
632:
The Truth and
Reconciliation Commission goes on to note one of the MRTA's goals was to legitimize politically motivated violence in Peru. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission both condemns this justification of violence, and argues it contributed to the ability of other organizations to inflict
546:
On 6 July 1992, MRTA fighters staged a raid on the town of Jaen, Peru, a jungle town located in the northern department of
Cajamarca. Two policemen including, Eladio Garcia Tello, responded to the calls for help. After an intense shootout, the guerrillas were driven out of the town. Eladio Garcia
542:
rival
Shining Path, the imprisonment or deaths of senior leaders, and loss of leftist support. The MRTA's attempt to expand in to rural areas put them in conflict with the Shining Path, where they failed to compete with the more radical group. Shining Path's strength in the countryside forced the
443:
In order to achieve their vision, the MRTA declared the necessity of forgoing legal reform in favor of violent revolution. Accordingly, the MRTA aimed to escalate preexisting conflicts and create new ones to demonstrate the feasibility of revolution to a critical mass of
Peruvians. Conflict would
627:
Unlike
Shining Path, and like other armed Latin American organizations with which it maintained ties, the MRTA claimed responsibility for its actions, its members used uniforms or other identifiers to differentiate themselves from the civilian population, it abstained from attacking the unarmed
401:
against the
Spanish (1780–1782). The MRTA considered itself the vanguard of ideas that already had popular support among oppressed groups, much like the indigenous leader. In their official statements, the MRTA drew a connection to the anti-colonial struggle against the Spanish to the twentieth
1310:
610:
activist living in Lima, was arrested on 30 November 1995, by the police and accused of collaborating with the MRTA. She was subsequently sentenced by a military court to life imprisonment (later reduced to 20 years by a civilian court).
633:
greater violence then they might have otherwise. Further, the existence of groups like MRTA, the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission argues, legitimized the authoritarian, militaristic, and repressive policies of the government of
2295:
360:
393:, the last Inca emperor who led a failed rebellion against the Spanish colonial government and was executed in 1572. One of his descendants, Jose Gabriel Concorcanqui, took the name
1305:
324:
groups in Peru that sought change through the current government the viability of radical revolution. The MRTA also aimed to provide an alternative to another militant group, the
817:
208:
554:. In December 1996, 14 MRTA members occupied the Japanese Ambassador's residence in Lima, holding 72 hostages for more than four months. Under orders from then-President
538:
Peru's counterterrorist program diminished the group's ability to carry out guerrilla attacks, and the MRTA suffered from infighting as well as violent clashes with
1283:
1603:
762:
854:
1880:
1864:
1399:
1342:
520:
and Jorge Talledo Feria (members of the Central Committee) robbed a bank in La Victoria, Lima. During the hold up, Talledo was killed by friendly fire.
2310:
1564:
461:
1969:
1598:
623:
determined that the group was responsible for 1.5% of the deaths investigated. In its final findings published in 2003, the Commission observed:
1692:
592:, the guerrilla leader of the MRTA, was found guilty by a Peruvian court on nearly 30 crimes committed during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
2285:
2275:
428:
2220:
1169:
1076:
649:(born 1955), Peruvian terrorist and former convict, co-founder and the second-in-command of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA)
2290:
2265:
1618:
620:
582:
1499:
664:
1047:
1469:
2255:
2250:
1869:
1844:
1464:
1335:
791:
1687:
2155:
1800:
1702:
241:
1760:
1262:
1207:
1155:
1001:
965:
927:
827:
600:
2245:
2180:
1938:
1623:
1494:
581:, were retried and convicted of membership in the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement and participation in an attack on the
402:
century, arguing that Peru was still a subordinate economy to the west especially the United States. The MRTA argues that
1750:
252:
263:
2280:
2270:
1454:
1328:
1291:
659:
524:
465:
898:
862:
366:
At the height of its strength, the movement had several hundred active members. Its stated goals were to establish a
212:
1529:
532:
2009:
1524:
1419:
551:
190:
1394:
1771:
398:
24:
2300:
1613:
1128:
127:
1608:
423:
411:
2305:
2260:
1943:
1640:
1429:
1850:
1569:
1509:
1479:
1449:
1434:
1351:
528:
1252:
646:
333:
62:
1593:
1746:
1574:
1926:
1885:
1489:
1424:
578:
160:
320:
guerrilla army which started in the early 1980s. Their self-declared goal was to demonstrate to
2208:
1981:
1484:
276:
1897:
481:
473:
155:
822:
767:
484:(1968–1975), and the latter represented a subdivision of the Revolutionary Left Movement, a
1320:
1238:
140:
19:
This article is about the Peruvian guerrilla group. For the Uruguayan guerrilla group, see
1315:
711:
516:
The first action by the MRTA occurred on 31 May 1982, when five of its members, including
8:
1539:
1519:
1474:
683:
445:
359:, the US Department of State, and the European Parliament but was later removed from the
1834:
1194:
1909:
1721:
1444:
916:
175:
955:
795:
1964:
1781:
1660:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1459:
1258:
1084:
997:
961:
933:
923:
894:
180:
2151:
1796:
432:, the MRTA combines an appreciation for Peru's indigenous history with the works of
394:
340:
1919:
1655:
1534:
1404:
634:
555:
383:
356:
317:
302:
66:
1217:
1875:
1017:
367:
109:
54:
1284:
El Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru. Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación
1109:
589:
517:
343:, an 18th-century rebel leader who was himself named after his claimed ancestor
329:
50:
1697:
1650:
1514:
1504:
1439:
922:. Translated by Bauer, Ralph. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado.
419:
407:
390:
344:
2239:
2004:
1914:
1904:
1854:
1300:
1088:
937:
604:
596:
403:
1110:"The isolation of American diplomacy. US embassies under siege by terrorism"
712:"Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement: Growing thread to US interests in Peru"
2195:
2102:
1976:
1756:
1740:
1736:
1645:
1549:
485:
325:
2063:
1018:"Peru: Information on the "Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru" (MRTA)"
371:
348:
165:
500:
1767:
523:
On the midnight of 28 September 1984, members of the MRTA fired on the
415:
1777:
1212:
1170:"Tras nuevo juicio – los 4 chilenos del MRTA continuarán en la cárcel"
763:"Corte Suprema incrementa condenas a Víctor Polay y a cúpula del MRTA"
382:
The ideology of the MRTA is informed by both Peruvian nationalism and
361:
United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations
2168:
1814:
1682:
956:
O'Meara, Patrick; D. Mehlinger, Howard; Krain, Matthew, eds. (2000).
607:
433:
387:
352:
145:
135:
20:
2296:
Organizations formerly designated as terrorist by the United States
2118:
2037:
1677:
1190:
1129:"Los maoístas de Sendero Luminoso atacan la Embajada china en Lima"
792:"U.S. Department of State Country Reports on Terrorism 2006 – Peru"
314:
288:
508:
1931:
1824:
1414:
562:
477:
321:
1860:
332:
until he was sentenced to 32 years' imprisonment in 1992 and by
328:, which placed them in direct competition. The group was led by
2076:
1820:
1409:
539:
1840:
2089:
2024:
1077:"AROUND THE WORLD; U.S. Embassy in Peru Sprayed With Gunfire"
574:
543:
MRTA to largely remain in their urban and middle-class base.
531:) and in February 1990, as well as to a series of attacks to
1350:
1145:
lum.cultura.pe/cdi/sites/default/files/documento/pdf/656.pdf
893:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 7–8.
749:
Sharp Dressed Men: Peru's Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
2145:
2050:
958:
Globalization and the Challenges of a New Century: A Reader
460:
The MRTA formed between 1980 and 1982 with merging of the
410:, even that there is no real difference. The MRTA sees the
230:
150:
120:
996:. Lima, Peru: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 176–183.
1830:
472:(MIR-EM). The former gathered several ex-members of the
1604:
Economic policy of the Alberto Fujimori administration
1193:. "Peru Guerrilla Leader Convicted." 22 March 2006.
1048:"The Rebels and the Cause: 12 Years of Peru's Turmoil"
614:
561:
In 2001, several MRTA members remained imprisoned in
492:
The MRTA maintained an alliance with MIR until 1987.
1881:
United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru
1865:
Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists
1311:
Attacks attributed to the MRTA on the START database
994:
Capitalism, Class and Revolution in Peru, 1980–2016
751:. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. pp. 6–7.
915:
913:
789:
595:In a case that attracted international attention,
16:1982-1997 Marxist–Leninist terrorist group in Peru
452:only that they wished to aid like-minded allies.
2237:
504:Self-published photo of MRTA guerrillas training
462:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Marxist-Leninist)
1970:Sole National Central of Peasant Rounds of Peru
1599:Judiciary reform in Peru under Alberto Fujimori
818:"MRTA será incluido en la lista de terroristas"
1316:CIA report (with reactions) on the MRTA (1991)
960:. Indiana University Press. pp. 282–286.
550:MRTA's last major action resulted in the 1997
336:("Comrade Evaristo") until his death in 1997.
1336:
547:Tello perished, after a bullet to the chest.
429:Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality
1233:La Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
891:Twentieth-Century Latin American Revolutions
855:"Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA)"
1343:
1329:
583:Peruvian North American Cultural Institute
2221:Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
1500:1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm
706:
704:
665:List of military units named after people
568:
464:(PSR-ML) and the militant faction of the
2311:Anti-American sentiment in South America
1470:1987 North Korean embassy attack in Lima
826:(in Spanish). 8 May 2009. Archived from
507:
499:
1870:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
1465:Assassination of Juan Carlos Vega Llona
1250:
1126:
918:An Inca account of the Conquest of Peru
267:
55:
2238:
1741:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path
1703:Women in the internal conflict in Peru
1045:
888:
746:
701:
2114:
1731:
1580:
1391:
1324:
1229:
1227:
1070:
1068:
1041:
1039:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
951:
949:
947:
849:
847:
845:
351:people. The MRTA was designated as a
307:Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru
38:Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru
23:. For the indigenous revolution, see
2286:Organizations disestablished in 1997
2276:Guerrilla movements in Latin America
2181:Sandinista National Liberation Front
1688:San Cristóbal of Huamanga University
1624:Arrest and trial of Alberto Fujimori
1495:1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima
991:
884:
882:
880:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
347:, the last indigenous leader of the
339:The MRTA took its name in homage to
1751:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
1619:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1208:"Resurge una guerrilla en el ocaso"
621:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
615:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
440:of Peruvian peoples and interests.
13:
2123:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
1455:1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima
1224:
1216:. 19 December 1996. Archived from
1074:
1065:
1046:Brooke, James (19 December 1996).
1036:
974:
944:
859:Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000
842:
299:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
35:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
14:
2322:
2291:Organizations established in 1982
2266:Defunct communist militant groups
1306:Communiqués by the MRTA (Spanish)
1301:MRTA (NOTE: last updated in 2005)
1274:
1254:Crónicas para un redescubrimiento
877:
863:United States Department of State
721:
688:United States Department of State
684:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
640:
585:and a kidnapping-murder in 1993.
2214:
2202:
2188:
2174:
2161:
2150:
2138:
2117:
2095:
2082:
2069:
2056:
2043:
2030:
2017:
1997:
1958:
1859:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1776:
1766:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1127:Murillo, Ana (26 October 1989).
287:
269:
257:
246:
235:
223:
201:
1586:Government policies and actions
1525:Japanese embassy hostage crisis
1420:Chuschi ballot burning incident
1244:
1200:
1184:
1162:
1148:
1139:
1120:
1102:
1010:
552:Japanese embassy hostage crisis
386:. The MRTA takes its name from
191:Japanese embassy hostage crisis
2256:Anti-imperialist organizations
2251:1997 disestablishments in Peru
1845:International Communist League
1257:(in Spanish). Alba Editorial.
1172:. LaRepublica.pe. 7 April 2013
1156:"Patterns of Global Terrorism"
907:
810:
783:
755:
676:
512:Areas were the MRTA was active
209:Foreign Terrorist Organization
1:
1939:National Intelligence Service
1425:Deng Xiaoping's dogs incident
1296:": a publication by the group
670:
495:
1614:Forced sterilization in Peru
1405:Founding of the Shining Path
1241:. Accessed 3 February 2007.
1197:. Accessed 3 February 2007.
418:as important instruments of
7:
2246:1982 establishments in Peru
1609:National Population Program
1530:Operation Chavín de Huántar
914:Titu Cusi Yupanqui (2005).
660:Revolutionary Left Movement
653:
466:Revolutionary Left Movement
377:
370:and rid the country of all
25:Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II
10:
2327:
1944:Special Intelligence Group
1772:Red Mantaro Base Committee
1641:Illegal drug trade in Peru
1430:Assault of Ayacucho prison
771:(in Spanish). 24 June 2008
747:Gordon, McCormick (1993).
455:
18:
2281:Internal conflict in Peru
2271:Far-left politics in Peru
1892:
1886:Peruvian drug traffickers
1717:Shining Path and remnants
1716:
1570:San Miguel del Ene attack
1510:Frecuencia Latina bombing
1480:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
1450:Peruvian prison massacres
1435:1983 Lucanamarca massacre
1395:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
1385:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1352:Internal conflict in Peru
1114:Christian Science Monitor
529:Operation Eldorado Canyon
476:that participated in the
283:
218:
196:
186:
174:
126:
116:
104:
79:
43:
34:
1594:Peruvian Agrarian Reform
1400:Revolutionary Government
1075:Ap (29 September 1984).
790:US Department of State.
573:In September 2003, four
1490:1992 Peruvian self-coup
1251:Pañella, Ramón (1993).
1237:"General Conclusions."
579:Jaime Castillo Petruzzi
176:Political position
161:Revolutionary socialism
2209:19th of April Movement
1982:Rodrigo Franco Command
1855:Ethnocacerist movement
1485:Barrios Altos massacre
647:Peter Cárdenas Schulte
577:defendants, including
569:Trials and convictions
513:
505:
424:Jose Carlos Mariategui
334:Néstor Cerpa Cartolini
306:
63:Néstor Cerpa Cartolini
1898:Peruvian Armed Forces
889:Becker, Marc (2017).
525:United States Embassy
511:
503:
482:Juan Velasco Alvarado
474:Peruvian armed forces
156:Left-wing nationalism
2301:Rebel groups in Peru
1565:Founding of the MPCP
535:Binational Centers.
406:is the mechanism of
355:organization by the
1540:2001 Peru shootdown
1520:La Cantuta massacre
1475:1989 Callao bombing
1220:on 25 January 1997.
518:Victor Polay Campos
446:class consciousness
363:on 8 October 2001.
357:Peruvian government
330:Víctor Polay Campos
213:US State Department
117:Active regions
1722:Government of Peru
1633:Illegal drug trade
1445:Accomarca massacre
1116:. 29 January 1986.
1081:The New York Times
1052:The New York Times
992:Lust, Jan (2019).
798:on 9 December 2011
588:On 22 March 2006,
514:
506:
81:Dates of operation
2306:Terrorism in Peru
2261:Communism in Peru
2233:
2232:
2228:
2227:
1965:Rondas campesinas
1661:Operation Snowcap
1575:Operation Patriot
1560:Llochegua Clashes
1555:Hatun Asha ambush
1545:2002 Lima bombing
1460:Aucayacu massacre
1264:978-84-88730-54-1
1003:978-3-319-91403-9
967:978-0-253-02818-1
929:978-1-4571-1077-1
295:
294:
2318:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2121:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1920:Peruvian Marines
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1799:
1780:
1770:
1761:Huallaga Faction
1759:
1749:
1739:
1673:
1656:Coca eradication
1636:
1589:
1535:Locumba uprising
1362:
1361:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1290:
1282:
1269:
1268:
1248:
1242:
1239:Available online
1231:
1222:
1221:
1204:
1198:
1195:Available online
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
989:
972:
971:
953:
942:
941:
921:
911:
905:
904:
886:
875:
874:
872:
870:
851:
840:
839:
837:
835:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
794:. Archived from
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
759:
753:
752:
744:
719:
718:
716:
708:
699:
698:
696:
694:
680:
635:Alberto Fujimori
556:Alberto Fujimori
470:MIR El Militante
397:and led another
384:Marxism-Leninism
318:Marxist-Leninist
291:
279:
275:
273:
272:
262:
261:
260:
251:
250:
249:
240:
239:
238:
229:
227:
226:
206:
205:
204:
141:Marxism–Leninism
100:
98:
92:
90:
82:
71:
57:
32:
31:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2189:
2187:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2160:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2094:
2083:
2081:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2042:
2031:
2029:
2018:
2016:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1959:
1957:
1927:National Police
1890:
1876:FARC dissidents
1808:
1806:
1791:
1786:
1782:FARC-EP in Peru
1727:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1674:
1667:
1665:
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1275:External links
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341:Túpac Amaru II
309:, abbreviated
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1235:Final Report.
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26:
22:
2198:(until 1991)
2196:Soviet Union
2131:
2130:
2126:(until 1997)
2122:
2110:
2106:(until 1991)
2103:Soviet Union
1990:
1989:
1977:Grupo Colina
1951:
1950:
1896:
1872:(until 2012)
1803:(until 2011)
1788:
1787:
1763:(until 2012)
1707:
1669:
1646:War on drugs
1632:
1585:
1550:Andahuaylazo
1387:
1380:Key aspects
1379:
1374:
1369:
1293:
1289:(in Spanish)
1281:(in Spanish)
1253:
1246:
1234:
1218:the original
1211:
1202:
1186:
1174:. Retrieved
1164:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1080:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1026:. Retrieved
1021:
1012:
993:
957:
917:
909:
890:
867:. Retrieved
865:. April 2001
858:
832:. Retrieved
828:the original
821:
812:
800:. Retrieved
796:the original
785:
773:. Retrieved
766:
757:
748:
691:. Retrieved
687:
678:
631:
618:
603:student and
594:
590:Víctor Polay
587:
572:
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549:
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522:
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491:
489:internally.
469:
459:
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427:
381:
365:
338:
326:Shining Path
310:
298:
296:
68:
51:Víctor Polay
37:
29:
2064:North Korea
1294:Voz Rebelde
823:El Comercio
768:El Comercio
599:, a former
391:Tupac Amaru
372:imperialist
345:Túpac Amaru
166:Indigenismo
151:Foco theory
2240:Categories
1375:Timeline
1094:6 November
1057:30 October
1028:30 October
671:References
496:Operations
416:World Bank
374:elements.
2169:Nicaragua
2132:Linked to
1991:Linked to
1910:Air Force
1815:Hezbollah
1789:Linked to
1683:Terruqueo
1089:0362-4331
938:607730293
608:socialist
486:Castroist
434:Karl Marx
388:Sapa Inca
353:terrorist
146:Guevarism
136:Communism
21:Tupamaros
2038:Colombia
1678:Cold War
1191:BBC News
1176:20 April
1022:Refworld
834:4 August
802:4 August
775:4 August
654:See also
378:Ideology
315:Peruvian
313:) was a
181:Far-left
128:Ideology
1932:Sinchis
1825:MOVADEF
1670:Related
1415:Tacnazo
1213:El País
1158:. 1990.
1133:El País
869:3 April
619:Peru's
575:Chilean
563:Bolivia
478:leftist
456:Origins
322:leftist
303:Spanish
211:by the
112:in Peru
105:Motives
95: (
87: (
69:†
53: (
44:Leaders
2193:
2166:
2143:
2100:
2087:
2077:Russia
2074:
2061:
2048:
2035:
2022:
2002:
1952:Other:
1835:FUDEPP
1812:
1672:
1668:
1635:
1631:
1588:
1584:
1410:Limazo
1261:
1087:
1000:
964:
936:
926:
897:
717:. CIA.
693:4 July
540:Maoist
274:
228:
219:Allies
197:Status
65:
2156:Libya
2090:Spain
2025:China
1801:Libya
1693:VRAEM
715:(PDF)
277:Libya
93:–1997
2146:Cuba
2051:Cuba
1915:Navy
1905:Army
1726:MRTA
1259:ISBN
1178:2013
1096:2019
1085:ISSN
1059:2019
1030:2019
998:ISBN
962:ISBN
934:OCLC
924:ISBN
895:ISBN
871:2009
836:2009
804:2009
777:2009
695:2020
605:U.S.
533:USIS
414:and
349:Inca
311:MRTA
297:The
284:Flag
264:FPMR
242:FARC
231:Cuba
121:Peru
97:1997
89:1982
85:1982
2010:DEA
601:MIT
426:'s
412:IMF
253:ELN
56:POW
2242::
1226:^
1210:.
1131:.
1112:.
1083:.
1079:.
1067:^
1050:.
1038:^
1020:.
976:^
946:^
932:.
879:^
861:.
857:.
844:^
820:.
765:.
723:^
703:^
686:.
637:.
565:.
468:,
448:.
305::
1900::
1344:e
1337:t
1330:v
1292:"
1267:.
1180:.
1135:.
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1032:.
1006:.
970:.
940:.
903:.
873:.
838:.
806:.
779:.
697:.
301:(
99:)
91:)
59:)
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
