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public school from 1943 to 1949 students were required to write "je parle breton" ("I speak Breton") on the slate.
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onto another of his fellow students after catching him speaking Breton, Occitan or
Catalan (referred to as
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Bringing mockery upon those who did not follow the established language rules;
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250:
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Exclusion of the targeted language (Breton, Occitan...) from school and play;
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an object to be carried in the pocket, such as a button, toy sabot, or badge.
16:
Object used in France to punish students speaking languages other than French
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126:
357:
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154:
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La langue bretonne et l'école républicaine: témoignages de mémorialistes
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185:
to help bring detriment upon students and prevent student solidarity.
77:
28:
432:"Anamnèse d'un hommage. Ou comment le français est venu aux Bretons"
228:
201:
165:
130:
69:
411:. Revue Les Temps Modernes (in French). Vol. 324. Gallimard.
405:, ed. (1973-01-09). "Impérialisme linguistique et colonialisme".
317:
125:, the half-day, or the day would be punished with, for example,
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20:
482:"Articles CET OBSCUR SENTIMENT QU'EST LA HONTE, André Polard"
288:
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263:"Défense de cracher par terre et de parler breton ?"
121:). The student in possession of the object at the end of
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385:"ESRC Society Today - International Mother Language Day"
88:
as a means of punishment for students caught speaking
32:"Speak French, Be Clean" written on the wall of the
408:Les Temps Modernes: Minorités nationales en France
157:, sometimes not hollowed out, worn around the neck
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111:Generally, the student was supposed to pass the
137:, or organized mockery led by the headmaster.
287:. Petit traité de glottophagie (in French).
224:Histoire d'un interdit. Le breton à l'école
346:
27:
322:Travaux d'Investigation et de Recherche
309:
140:
494:
429:
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390:Economic and Social Research Council
108:during the 19th and 20th centuries.
257:
13:
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462:from the original on 2021-12-31.
425:from the original on 2021-12-27.
214:
474:
1:
467:
383:Norris, Sharon (2007-09-17).
164:worn around the neck. At the
430:Prémel, Gérard (June 1995).
284:Linguistique et colonialisme
175:The purpose of its use was:
7:
269:(in French). Archived from
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10:
553:
227:(in French) (2 ed.).
56:"), was an object used by
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522:Linguistic discrimination
517:Language policy in France
267:www.langue-bretonne.com
448:10.3406/lsoc.1995.2698
310:Griffon, Yves (2008).
221:an Du, Claude (2000).
37:
31:
141:Nature of the object
19:For other uses, see
512:History of Brittany
153:an ordinary wooden
135:corporal punishment
537:School punishments
436:Langage et société
279:Calvet, Louis-Jean
38:
527:Linguistic rights
367:978-2-868630-06-3
348:Jaffrenou, Taldir
331:978-2-917681-00-8
302:978-2-228114-30-1
242:978-2-910699-41-3
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393:. Archived from
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293:Payot (éditions)
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34:Ayguatébia-Talau
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507:French language
502:Breton language
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86:North Catalonia
74:French Flanders
66:private schools
60:headmasters in
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397:on 2009-01-06.
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273:on 2007-09-11.
259:Broudic, Fañch
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82:Basque Country
46:, also called
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438:(in French).
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418:2-070288-11-0
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356:(in Breton).
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22:
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403:Person, Yves
395:the original
388:
352:
312:
283:
271:the original
266:
223:
215:Bibliography
208:Dialect card
204:in Occitania
174:
146:
144:
127:manual labor
116:
112:
110:
48:
47:
42:
41:
39:
25:
532:Punishments
58:Francophone
496:Categories
468:References
353:Eñvorennoù
149:could be:
456:2101-0382
442:: 51–95.
376:499973115
340:471024545
251:468997411
196:Welsh Not
78:Occitania
49:ar vuoc'h
460:Archived
423:Archived
358:Hor Yezh
350:(1985).
281:(1974).
233:Hor Yezh
229:Lannilis
210:in Japan
202:Vergonha
198:in Wales
190:See also
166:Plouaret
131:homework
129:, extra
70:Brittany
318:Lannion
147:symbole
113:symbole
106:Catalan
98:Occitan
94:Flemish
43:symbole
454:
415:
374:
364:
338:
328:
299:
249:
239:
123:recess
118:patois
102:Basque
90:Breton
62:public
52:("the
36:school
21:symbol
289:Paris
162:slate
104:, or
452:ISSN
413:ISBN
372:OCLC
362:ISBN
336:OCLC
326:ISBN
297:ISBN
247:OCLC
237:ISBN
155:clog
145:The
84:and
64:and
40:The
444:doi
68:in
54:cow
498::
458:.
450:.
440:72
434:.
421:.
387:.
370:.
360:.
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324:.
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160:a
133:,
100:,
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80:,
76:,
72:,
484:.
446::
378:.
342:.
305:.
253:.
23:.
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