1742:
256:
53:
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831:
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People in
Northern England, West England, Ireland, and Scotland have long carved turnips and often use them as lanterns to ward off harmful spirits. In the Middle Ages, rowdy bands of children roamed the streets in masks carrying carved turnips known in Scotland as "tumshie heads". In modern times,
539:
was developed independently in
Finland and Sweden from turnip and cabbage in connection with seed cultivation. There are contradictory accounts of how rutabaga arrived in England. Some sources say it arrived in England from Germany, while other accounts support Swedish origins. According to
2487:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1769:(Manx equivalent of Halloween), lit with a candle or electric torch, and carried from house to house by some children, with the accompanying Hop tu Naa song; hoping for money or treats of food. The smell of burning turnip is an evocative part of the event.
1148:
In Canada, they are considered winter vegetables, as, along with similar vegetables, they can be kept in a cold area or cellar for several months. They are primarily used as a side dish. They are also used as filler in foods such as
1097:. Roughly equal quantities of neeps and tatties are boiled in salted water and mashed with butter. Seasoning can be augmented with black pepper. Onions are never used. Regionally, neeps are a common ingredient in soups and stews.
1042:
In
England, swede is boiled with carrots and mashed or pureed with butter and ground pepper. The flavoured cooking water is often retained for soup or as an addition to gravy. Swede is also a component of the popular condiment
2051:
988:
Finnish cuisine also roasts, bakes, boils, and grills rutabagas. Oven-baked root vegetables are another home-cooking classic in
Finland: rutabaga, carrots, beetroots, and potatoes are roasted in the oven with salt and oil.
1694:) find rutabaga twice as bitter as insensitive subjects (AVI/AVI). The difference for the mixed type (PAV/AVI) is insignificant for rutabaga. As a result, sensitive individuals may find some rutabagas too bitter to eat.
2486:
1823:
239:, fed directly in the winter or foraged in the field during the other seasons. Scotland, Northern and Western England, Wales, the Isle of Man, and Ireland had a tradition of carving the roots into
2061:
2997:
Baxter, I. A., Schröder, M. J. A., and Bower, J. A. (1999), "The influence of socio-economic background on perceptions of vegetables among
Scottish primary school children",
2465:
2375:
1697:
Other chemical compounds that contribute to flavour and odour include glucocheirolin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoberteroin, gluconapoleiferin, and glucoerysolin. Several
1615:
2910:
3046:
1765:
became readily available in Europe in the 1980s, they have taken over this role to a large extent. In the Isle of Man, turnip lanterns are still carved at
2759:
Pedras, M. S. C.; Montaut, S.; Suchy, M. (2004). "Phytoalexins from the crucifer rutabaga: structures, syntheses, biosyntheses, and antifungal activity".
2635:
Verkerk, R.; Schreiner, M.; Krumbein, A.; Ciska, E.; Holst, B.; Rowland, I.; De
Schrijver, R.; Hansen, M.; Gerhäuser, C.; Mithen, R.; Dekker, M. (2009).
2180:
817:
During the difficult days of World War II, rutabaga and rutabaga juice were an important part of the local diet, and were consumed in large quantities.
2345:
791:'mash pot', a dish often served alongside smoked sausage. Similar dishes are known in the Southern low countries, down to and including Brussels, as
1663:
may develop when there is a dietary imbalance of thiocyanate-containing food in excess of iodine consumption, and these compounds can contribute to
3023:
2008:
3132:
3632:
2821:
1169:
In New
Zealand, they are more commonly available in winter but can be easily purchased for much of the year. It is thought they best grow in
533:
was most likely bred on more than one occasion in
Northern Europe around the 16th century. Studies by its research institute have shown that
3076:
2160:
1782:
2798:
985:
Finns use rutabaga in most dishes that call for a root vegetable. Many
Finnish soup bases consist of potatoes, carrots, and rutabagas.
2954:
2494:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
1754:
turnips are often carved to look as sinister and threatening as possible and are put in the window or on the doorstep of a house on
963:(rutabaga casserole), one of the three main casseroles served during Finnish Christmas, alongside the potato and carrot casseroles.
3567:
2457:
1682:
As with watercress, mustard greens, turnip, broccoli, and horseradish, human perception of bitterness in rutabaga is governed by a
2405:
2204:
3580:
2852:
2431:
2367:
2939:
2864:
2499:
2742:
3703:
2513:
197:
3196:
2302:
2254:
2056:
585:
524:
3554:
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1725:
The roots and tops of "swedes" came into use as a forage crop in the early nineteenth century, used as winter feed for
2975:
1948:
3698:
3463:
3396:
2923:
1992:
1972:
1888:
1867:
756:
17:
2907:
1173:, where the winters are colder. They are usually served mashed with butter but are often added to other dishes like
1842:
565:
as early as 1817. In 1835, a rutabaga fodder crop was recommended to New York farmers in the Genesee River valley.
3637:
3606:
3038:
2284:
2236:
957:
Finns eat and cook rutabaga in a variety of ways. Rutabaga is the major ingredient in the popular Christmas dish
1690:
bitter receptor, which detects the glucosinolates in rutabaga. Sensitive individuals with the genotype PAV/PAV (
3162:
738:
541:
2177:
3619:
2337:
1611:
2453:
1909:
1705:
have also been isolated from the rutabaga, including three novel phytoalexins that were reported in 2004.
654:, or elevated to species rank. In 1768, a Scottish botanist promoted Linnaeus' variety to species rank as
598:
of 1916–17) and between 1945 and 1949. As a result, many older Germans had unhappy memories of this food.
3518:
2294:
2246:
2083:
Harvey, Nigel (1949). "The Coming of the Swede to Great Britain: An Obscure Chapter in Farming History".
1679:
vegetables is around one percent of dry matter. These compounds also cause the bitter taste of rutabaga.
553:
511:
in 1620, where he notes that it was growing wild in Sweden. It is often considered to have originated in
141:
3585:
1659:
transport and, at high doses, competes with iodide in the organification process within thyroid tissue.
2290:
2242:
1602:
999:) is a popular slow-cooking stew with root vegetables and meat cooked for a long time in a Dutch oven.
3102:
2016:
3647:
2125:
1198:
930:
734:
3708:
3693:
3124:
660:
584:) was a typical food in Germany during the famines and food shortages of World War I caused by the
3688:
2829:
2130:
727:
424:). Some areas of south-east Scotland, such as Berwickshire and Roxburghshire, still use the term
1741:
1540:
3486:
3452:
3223:
3068:
2641:
vegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health"
1746:
133:
2155:
1501:
692:
3439:
3312:
2138:
1790:
1514:
231:). Rutabaga roots are eaten as human food in various ways, and the leaves can be eaten as a
2794:
3270:
2693:
2575:
1566:
1527:
406:
317:
176:
145:
35:
2951:
581:
557:
suggests that the rutabaga was introduced more widely to England in 1790. Introduction to
8:
3277:
1614:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
924:
2697:
2579:
2719:
2397:
2210:
2100:
1802:
1625:
1553:
1481:
1304:
607:
240:
3010:
2868:
2587:
2427:
779:
In the Netherlands, rutabaga is traditionally served boiled and mashed. Adding mashed
544:, the root vegetable arrived in England from Germany around 1750. Rutabaga arrived in
3683:
3458:
3429:
3298:
3263:
3256:
3216:
3190:
3186:
3017:
2919:
2776:
2711:
2662:
2591:
2505:
2495:
2092:
1988:
1968:
1884:
1863:
1392:
1140:
In Australia, swedes are used as a flavour enhancer in casseroles, stews, and soups.
1105:
Swede is an essential vegetable component of the traditional Welsh lamb broth called
687:
668:
638:
628:
2723:
3006:
2996:
2902:
2768:
2701:
2652:
2583:
2552:
2548:
1786:
1778:
1667:. Yet, there have been no reports of ill effects in humans from the consumption of
1409:
1170:
990:
978:
in light syrup are often added to the rutabaga salad. Sometimes, thinly sliced raw
633:
276:
212:
185:
181:
94:
3523:
3468:
2936:
3339:
3284:
2958:
2943:
2914:
2746:
2737:
2682:"Variability in a taste-receptor gene determines whether we taste toxins in food"
2298:
2250:
2184:
2164:
2119:
1952:
1846:
1827:
1730:
1052:
1044:
1022:
255:
189:
31:
3624:
2853:"Bettina Arnold – Halloween Lecture: Halloween Customs in the Celtic World"
507:
The first known printed reference to the rutabaga comes from the Swiss botanist
3361:
3291:
2489:
2188:
1830:
OED Online. Oxford University Press, September 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
1702:
1664:
1154:
1093:(the Scottish national dish). Neeps mashed with carrots or potatoes are called
1082:
970:
rutabaga is often served as a side dish salad in school and workplace lunches.
959:
949:
696:
611:
508:
375:
321:
232:
171:
149:
77:
69:
2706:
2681:
52:
3677:
3559:
3509:
3419:
3371:
3305:
2623:
Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, 6th Edition
2096:
1668:
1260:
700:
623:
595:
558:
482:
208:
3660:
896:
3448:
3349:
3201:
2889:
Rogers, Nicholas (2002). "Festive Rights: Halloween in the British Isles".
2780:
2715:
2666:
2657:
2636:
2509:
1945:
1637:
1633:
1579:
1236:
1158:
1086:
1003:
577:
337:
193:
2595:
2452:
1902:"Geiriadur yr Academi | The Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary Online"
1745:
A traditional Irish Halloween turnip (rutabaga) lantern on display in the
3593:
3533:
1839:
1733:), or animals may be allowed to forage the plants directly in the field.
1698:
1691:
1649:
1220:
573:
572:
in both Germany and France due to its association with food shortages in
569:
512:
349:
329:
3572:
2739:
Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants
2192:
2104:
1820:
1766:
1426:
1375:
967:
741: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
651:
200:). However, elsewhere, the name "turnip" usually refers to the related
3598:
2976:"Get traditional with a turnip this year - Top stories - Scotsman.com"
2772:
1185:
In the US, rutabagas are not widely eaten but may be found as part of
830:
3541:
3099:"The International Rutabaga Curl – Ithaca Farmers Market – Ithaca NY"
2858:
2625:
1991. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 371–2.
1755:
1726:
1712:: 100 g contains 25 mg, 30% of the daily recommended dose.
1709:
1641:
1459:
1190:
1174:
1150:
1026:
1006:
made from root vegetables, such as rutabagas, beetroots and carrots.
975:
904:
888:
465:). In north-east England, turnips and swedes are colloquially called
325:
275:
is the common North American term for the plant. This comes from the
244:
236:
3611:
3480:
3154:
3039:"Hop Tu Naa Celebrations at Cregneash – Isle of Man News | Manx.net"
2231:
783:(and, in some recipes, similarly mashed vegetables or fruits) makes
716:
401:(also used as a pejorative term for a foolish or stupid person), or
3655:
3503:
3381:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3344:
3240:
2962:
1762:
1358:
1094:
1047:. The swede is also one of the four traditional ingredients of the
920:
798:
786:
780:
562:
545:
390:
341:
159:
3546:
3329:
2610:
Nutritional factors involved in the goitrogenic action of cassava
2275:
1687:
1653:
1645:
1338:
1070:
943:
910:
885:
is an obligatory accompaniment to many festive dishes, including
806:
561:
came in the early 19th century with reports of rutabaga crops in
516:
499:
345:
216:
63:
2535:
Olsson, K.; Jeppsson, L. (1984). "Undesirable glucosinolates in
460:
410:
3406:
3401:
3386:
3334:
3125:"Rutabaga Festival Parade – Cumberland Chamber of Commerce, WI"
3098:
2566:
Jones, D.A. (1998). "Why are so many food plants cyanogenic?".
1901:
1785:
annually on the last day of the market season. The villages of
1660:
1656:
1442:
1090:
979:
971:
852:
848:
844:
802:
792:
681:
676:
580:. Boiled stew with rutabaga and water as the only ingredients (
520:
441:
224:
201:
1624:
Rutabaga and other cyanoglucoside-containing foods (including
455:
Some will also refer to both swede and (white) turnip as just
2634:
1629:
1250:
1194:
1048:
876:
860:
353:
103:
610:
history. The earliest account comes from the Swiss botanist
263:
3208:
1683:
1186:
1106:
856:
691:. The resulting cross doubled its chromosomes, becoming an
336:
is also used in parts of Northern and Midland England, the
292:
124:
118:
109:
2612:. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1982.
2480:
2458:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1109:. A mash produced using just potato and swede is known as
3155:"Askov Rutabaga Festival & Fair: A Community Event -"
1280:
121:
2209:, Talking Food magazine, 7 February 2019, archived from
301:'lump, bunch'. In the U.S., the plant is also known as
650:. It has since been moved to other taxa as a variety,
428:, possibly a derivative of the Swedish dialectal word
3159:
Askov Rutabaga Festival & Fair: A Community Event
97:
115:
106:
100:
2736:Harborne, J. B., Baxter, H., and Moss, J. P. 1999.
112:
34:. For similar vegetables also called "turnip", see
2950:, 31 October 2005. Retrieved on 19 October 2006. "
2758:
2491:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2118:
1063:In Scotland, separately boiled and mashed, swede (
1860:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Heirloom Vegetables
1793:, both hold annual rutabaga festivals in August.
1491:
1348:
3675:
356:, according to region, it is variously known as
2965:, 28 October 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2007.
2117:
2003:
2001:
902:
894:
886:
880:
870:
675: = 38. It originated from a cross between
271:Rutabaga has many national and regional names.
2679:
2534:
2446:
2338:"Brukiew. Kiedyś codzienna, dzisiaj odświętna"
1729:. They may be fed directly (chopped or from a
1215:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
919:is often eaten together with cured and boiled
843:In Sweden and Norway, rutabaga is cooked with
3224:
2978:. Edinburghnews.scotsman.com. 28 October 2009
2680:Sandell, Mari A.; Breslin, Paul A.S. (2006).
2150:
2148:
1967:Chambers English Dictionary (Chambers 1988),
1016:
1010:
994:
947:
928:
914:
864:
834:
534:
528:
430:
296:
286:
280:
3189:—Center for New Crops & Plant Products,
3022:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2749:. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis, Inc.
2052:"Geenit valottavat vanhaa viljelykulttuuria"
1998:
1193:, served mashed with carrots, or baked in a
589:
2891:Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night
2867:: Center for Celtic Studies. Archived from
1783:International Rutabaga Curling Championship
1122:
1116:
1110:
1076:
1068:
784:
695:. This relationship was first published by
418:
369:
363:
357:
3231:
3217:
2952:Turnip battles with pumpkin for Hallowe'en
2559:
2454:United States Food and Drug Administration
2324:Vegetable Brassicas and Related Crucifers.
2316:
2145:
1963:
1961:
486:
51:
2896:
2705:
2656:
2335:
1708:Rutabaga contains significant amounts of
757:Learn how and when to remove this message
3187:Alternative Field Crops Manual: Rutabaga
1946:Dictionary of the Scots Language: baigie
1781:, New York, organizes what it calls the
1740:
1648:, which is subsequently detoxified into
1067:) and potatoes are served as "neeps and
942:
829:
797:
498:
316:(from "Swedish turnip") is used in many
262:
254:
2167:Albany, NY: J. B. Lyon Company, p. 105.
1958:
1777:A local farmers' market in the town of
235:. The roots and tops are also used for
14:
3676:
3101:. Rutabagacurl.com. 17 December 2011.
2990:
2893:. pp. 43, 48. Oxford University Press.
2850:
2801:from the original on 23 September 2012
2434:from the original on 24 September 2022
2082:
2031:
1002:Finnish supermarkets sell alternative
927:. This classic Swedish dish is called
267:Harvested roots waiting to be prepared
3485:
3484:
3212:
3165:from the original on 18 November 2015
3135:from the original on 29 December 2019
2565:
2408:from the original on 24 February 2018
2348:from the original on 5 September 2022
2268:
2224:
1929:
1927:
1912:from the original on 24 February 2018
1675:vegetables. Glucosinolate content in
1197:. They are sometimes included in the
1157:. In Newfoundland, it is served with
1115:in the North-East of the country, as
1085:word for potatoes), in a traditional
27:Root vegetable in the Brassica family
3648:734f70ec-6148-4be1-8a08-f118efce3a88
3079:from the original on 2 December 2017
2157:Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants.
2139:participating institution membership
1009:Rutabagas are also an ingredient in
869:(Swedish, literally 'root mash') or
825:
739:adding citations to reliable sources
710:
601:
3049:from the original on 1 October 2017
3036:
2851:Arnold, Bettina (31 October 2001).
2844:
2378:from the original on 10 August 2018
2303:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2255:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2057:Natural Resources Institute Finland
1089:, together with the main course of
855:and either stock or, occasionally,
525:Natural Resources Institute Finland
24:
2468:from the original on 27 March 2024
2336:Przybylak, Karol (24 March 2010).
1924:
879:is occasionally added. In Norway,
25:
3720:
3180:
3105:from the original on 8 March 2018
3069:"The Manx festival of Hop-tu-Naa"
2865:University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
2368:"BBC – Geirfa'r gogledd ddwyrain"
1204:
1130:
1032:
614:, who wrote about it in his 1620
3435:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3197:"Are 'neeps' swedes or turnips?"
2819:
2608:Delange F, Iteke FB, Ermans AM.
2326:CABI: Oxfordshire, UK. pp. 6–36.
1936:, Mairi Robinson (editor) (1985)
1180:
715:
459:(this word is also derived from
93:
3147:
3117:
3091:
3061:
3030:
2968:
2929:
2883:
2813:
2787:
2752:
2730:
2673:
2628:
2615:
2602:
2528:
2516:from the original on 9 May 2024
2420:
2390:
2360:
2329:
2285:International Plant Names Index
2237:International Plant Names Index
2197:
2170:
2111:
2076:
2044:
1987:. CRC Press, 2017. Chapter 47.
1883:. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
726:needs additional citations for
622:was first validly published by
568:Rutabaga was once considered a
2918:. Pelican Publishing Company.
2553:10.17660/ActaHortic.1984.163.9
1977:
1939:
1894:
1873:
1852:
1833:
1814:
1164:
820:
774:
548:by way of Sweden around 1781.
503:Longitudinal section of a root
196:, as well as some dialects of
13:
1:
3011:10.1016/S0950-3293(98)00042-1
2588:10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00425-1
2041:New York: Simon and Schuster.
2039:A World of Vegetable Cookery.
1849:(Swedish) Linked 2 March 2018
1808:
1715:
1121:on the Llyn peninsula and as
30:For the Drosophila gene, see
3238:
3129:www.cumberland-wisconsin.com
2060:(in Finnish). Archived from
1934:The Concise Scots Dictionary
1881:Anne Lindsay's Smart Cooking
1772:
1736:
1720:
1701:that aid in defence against
1610:Percentages estimated using
1135:
699:in 1935 and is known as the
477:. Rutabaga is also known as
250:
7:
3704:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2999:Food Quality and Preference
2822:"Swedes and Turnips – SRUC"
2295:Harvard University Herbaria
2247:Harvard University Herbaria
1796:
1603:Link to USDA Database entry
1058:
863:, to create a puree called
481:in the Isle of Man and the
198:English in Northern England
10:
3725:
2797:. Healthaliciousness.com.
2291:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2243:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1758:to ward off evil spirits.
1225:157 kJ (38 kcal)
1037:
938:
706:
656:Brassica napobrassica
620:Brassica napobrassica
494:
29:
3493:
3415:
3322:
3248:
2707:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.049
2621:Braverman LE, Utiger RD.
2232:"Brassica napus rapifera"
2126:Oxford English Dictionary
1609:
1599:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1526:
1513:
1500:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1458:
1441:
1425:
1408:
1391:
1374:
1357:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1214:
1199:New England boiled dinner
1143:
982:are mixed with rutabaga.
812:
769:
76:
62:
50:
45:
3699:Plants described in 1753
3464:Cruciferous Biochemistry
2942:23 November 2008 at the
2913:13 November 2022 at the
2908:Forerunners to Halloween
2428:"Swedes – Tuwīti tānapu"
2178:The Culture of Ruta Baga
2154:Sturtevant, E. L. 1919.
1955:" Relinked 2 March 2018.
1100:
661:The Gardeners Dictionary
554:The Gardeners' Chronicle
527:(now Luke), rutabaga or
320:, including much of the
162:). Other names include
3495:Brassica napus rapifera
2957:9 November 2008 at the
2903:Bannatyne, Lesley Pratt
2131:Oxford University Press
1671:from normal amounts of
1652:. Thiocyanate inhibits
1612:US recommendations
1077:
1069:
606:Rutabaga has a complex
461:
411:
3453:Cruciferous vegetables
2658:10.1002/mnfr.200800065
2176:James Houghton (1835)
2037:Hawkes, Alex D. 1968.
1985:Vegetable Crop Science
1750:
1747:Museum of Country Life
1616:the National Academies
1123:
1117:
1111:
1017:
1011:
995:
954:
948:
929:
915:
903:
895:
887:
881:
871:
865:
840:
835:
809:
805:served with neeps and
785:
590:
535:
529:
504:
487:
431:
419:
370:
364:
358:
297:
287:
281:
268:
260:
134:North American English
3313:Brassica tournefortii
2745:17 April 2023 at the
2278:Brassica napobrassica
2163:17 April 2023 at the
1826:13 March 2020 at the
1791:Cumberland, Wisconsin
1744:
1323:Vitamins and minerals
946:
833:
801:
502:
440:is also used for the
266:
258:
158:(which also includes
3271:Brassica fruticulosa
2183:16 July 2020 at the
2085:Agricultural History
1951:3 March 2018 at the
1906:geiriaduracademi.org
1845:2 March 2018 at the
966:Uncooked and thinly
931:fläsklägg med rotmos
735:improve this article
318:Commonwealth Nations
146:Commonwealth English
36:Turnip (terminology)
3278:Brassica hilarionis
3075:. 24 October 2011.
2832:on 31 December 2019
2698:2006CBio...16.R792S
2645:Mol. Nutr. Food Res
2637:"Glucosinolates in
2580:1998PChem..47..155J
2129:(Online ed.).
1858:McLaughlin, Chris.
1840:Våra ord: rotabagge
1410:Pantothenic acid (B
1211:
839:served with sausage
570:food of last resort
523:. According to the
485:word for turnip is
3205:, 25 January 2010.
2871:on 27 October 2007
2322:Dixon, G.R. 2007.
2064:on 26 October 2020
2019:on 1 November 2018
1803:List of vegetables
1751:
1209:
955:
851:, and mashed with
841:
810:
505:
269:
261:
82:Napobrassica Group
3671:
3670:
3487:Taxon identifiers
3478:
3477:
3299:Brassica oleracea
3264:Brassica elongata
3257:Brassica carinata
3191:Purdue University
2937:Pumpkins Passions
2773:10.1021/jo049648a
2767:(13): 4471–4476.
2501:978-0-309-48834-1
2213:on 12 August 2020
2206:Back to our Roots
2137:(Subscription or
1862:. Penguin, 2010.
1622:
1621:
1595:
1594:
923:, accompanied by
826:Sweden and Norway
767:
766:
759:
688:Brassica oleracea
669:chromosome number
629:Species Plantarum
626:in his 1753 work
602:Botanical history
582:Steckrübeneintopf
393:, it is known as
352:, and Canada. In
221:Brassica oleracea
86:
85:
57:Rutabaga or Swede
46:Rutabaga or Swede
18:Swede (vegetable)
16:(Redirected from
3716:
3664:
3663:
3651:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3628:
3627:
3625:NHMSYS0000456604
3615:
3614:
3602:
3601:
3589:
3588:
3576:
3575:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3549:
3537:
3536:
3527:
3526:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3482:
3481:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3195:Smillie, Susan.
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3013:
3005:(4–5): 261–272,
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2972:
2966:
2933:
2927:
2900:
2894:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2828:. Archived from
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2756:
2750:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2709:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2201:
2195:
2174:
2168:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2134:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2015:. Archived from
2005:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1965:
1956:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1898:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1837:
1831:
1818:
1787:Askov, Minnesota
1495:
1446:
1430:
1413:
1396:
1379:
1362:
1352:
1319:
1318:
1212:
1208:
1127:in other parts.
1126:
1120:
1114:
1080:
1074:
1021:, a traditional
1020:
1014:
998:
991:Karelian hot pot
953:
934:
918:
908:
900:
892:
884:
874:
868:
838:
790:
762:
755:
751:
748:
742:
719:
711:
644:B. oleracea
639:B. oleracea
593:
591:Steckrübenwinter
538:
532:
490:
464:
434:
422:
414:
373:
367:
361:
300:
290:
284:
241:Jack-o'-lanterns
186:Canadian English
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
55:
43:
42:
21:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3709:Root vegetables
3694:Leaf vegetables
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3644:
3636:
3631:
3623:
3618:
3610:
3605:
3597:
3592:
3584:
3579:
3571:
3566:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3522:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3489:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3411:
3340:Chinese cabbage
3318:
3285:Brassica juncea
3244:
3237:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3037:Telecom, Manx.
3035:
3031:
3015:
3014:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:Wayback Machine
2944:Wayback Machine
2934:
2930:
2915:Wayback Machine
2901:
2897:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2757:
2753:
2747:Wayback Machine
2735:
2731:
2686:Current Biology
2678:
2674:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2603:
2564:
2560:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2402:Amgueddfa Cymru
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2185:Wayback Machine
2175:
2171:
2165:Wayback Machine
2153:
2146:
2136:
2116:
2112:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1982:
1978:
1966:
1959:
1953:Wayback Machine
1944:
1940:
1932:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1879:Lindsay, Anne.
1878:
1874:
1857:
1853:
1847:Wayback Machine
1838:
1834:
1828:Wayback Machine
1819:
1815:
1811:
1799:
1775:
1739:
1723:
1718:
1703:plant pathogens
1605:
1600:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1508:
1496:
1466:
1453:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1411:
1403:
1394:
1386:
1377:
1369:
1360:
1353:
1324:
1313:
1308:
1289:
1284:
1245:
1240:
1207:
1183:
1167:
1146:
1138:
1133:
1103:
1061:
1051:originating in
1045:Branston Pickle
1040:
1035:
941:
828:
823:
815:
777:
772:
763:
752:
746:
743:
732:
720:
709:
667:Rutabaga has a
604:
586:Allied blockade
497:
279:dialectal word
259:Harvested roots
253:
96:
92:
58:
39:
32:Rutabaga (gene)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3722:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3689:Halloween food
3686:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3652:
3642:
3629:
3616:
3603:
3590:
3577:
3564:
3551:
3538:
3528:
3515:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3362:Collard greens
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3292:Brassica napus
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3193:
3182:
3181:External links
3179:
3177:
3176:
3146:
3116:
3090:
3060:
3029:
2989:
2967:
2928:
2895:
2882:
2843:
2812:
2786:
2751:
2729:
2692:(18): R792-4.
2672:
2627:
2614:
2601:
2574:(2): 155–162.
2568:Phytochemistry
2558:
2547:(163): 83–84.
2527:
2500:
2479:
2445:
2419:
2389:
2359:
2328:
2315:
2267:
2223:
2196:
2189:Genesee Farmer
2169:
2144:
2110:
2091:(4): 286–288.
2075:
2043:
2030:
1997:
1976:
1957:
1938:
1923:
1893:
1872:
1851:
1832:
1821:"rutabaga, n."
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1774:
1771:
1738:
1735:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1686:affecting the
1669:glucosinolates
1665:hypothyroidism
1638:sweet potatoes
1620:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
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1247:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1205:Phytochemistry
1203:
1182:
1179:
1166:
1163:
1155:Christmas cake
1145:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Outside Europe
1129:
1102:
1099:
1060:
1057:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:United Kingdom
1031:
996:karjalanpaisti
960:lanttulaatikko
950:Lanttulaatikko
940:
937:
847:and sometimes
827:
824:
822:
819:
814:
811:
776:
773:
771:
768:
765:
764:
723:
721:
714:
708:
705:
697:Woo Jang-choon
612:Gaspard Bauhin
603:
600:
551:An article in
509:Gaspard Bauhin
496:
493:
340:(particularly
322:United Kingdom
303:Swedish turnip
252:
249:
233:leaf vegetable
206:Brassica napus
204:. The species
164:Swedish turnip
155:Brassica napus
150:root vegetable
84:
83:
80:
78:Cultivar group
74:
73:
70:Brassica napus
66:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3721:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3470:
3469:genera (list)
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3433:
3431:
3423:
3421:
3420:Triangle of U
3418:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:Spring greens
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Mustard plant
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3306:Brassica rapa
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3019:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2977:
2971:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2924:1-56554-346-7
2921:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2651:: S219–S265.
2650:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2539:vegetables".
2538:
2531:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2377:
2373:
2372:www.bbc.co.uk
2369:
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2227:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
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2149:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2127:
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2114:
2106:
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2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1994:
1993:9781351648875
1990:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1973:1-85296-000-0
1970:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1889:9780470157114
1886:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1868:9781101441831
1865:
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1757:
1748:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:bamboo shoots
1631:
1627:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1376:Riboflavin (B
1373:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1261:Dietary fiber
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:Carbohydrates
1232:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:Rutabaga, raw
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:United States
1178:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1141:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1000:
997:
992:
986:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
961:
952:
951:
945:
936:
933:
932:
926:
922:
917:
913:. In Sweden,
912:
907:
906:
899:
898:
891:
890:
883:
882:kålrabistappe
878:
875:(Norwegian).
873:
872:kålrabistappe
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
837:
832:
818:
808:
804:
800:
796:
794:
789:
788:
782:
761:
758:
750:
740:
736:
730:
729:
724:This section
722:
718:
713:
712:
704:
702:
701:Triangle of U
698:
694:
693:allopolyploid
690:
689:
684:
683:
682:Brassica rapa
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:
635:
631:
630:
625:
624:Carl Linnaeus
621:
617:
613:
609:
599:
597:
596:Turnip Winter
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
559:North America
556:
555:
549:
547:
543:
542:John Sinclair
537:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
501:
492:
489:
484:
483:Manx language
480:
476:
473:(archaic) or
472:
468:
463:
458:
453:
451:
447:
446:Brassica rapa
443:
439:
435:
433:
427:
423:
421:
415:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
372:
366:
360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
307:yellow turnip
304:
299:
294:
289:
283:
278:
274:
265:
257:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:Brassica rapa
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:Irish English
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
129:
90:
81:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
65:
61:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3494:
3449:Brassicaceae
3447:
3440:Brassicaceae
3391:
3350:Napa cabbage
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3239:
3202:The Guardian
3200:
3167:. Retrieved
3158:
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3128:
3119:
3109:15 September
3107:. Retrieved
3093:
3081:. Retrieved
3072:
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3043:www.manx.net
3042:
3032:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2982:15 September
2980:. Retrieved
2970:
2947:
2931:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2856:
2846:
2834:. Retrieved
2830:the original
2825:
2815:
2805:15 September
2803:. Retrieved
2789:
2764:
2761:J. Org. Chem
2760:
2754:
2738:
2732:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2490:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2461:
2448:
2438:24 September
2436:. Retrieved
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2404:(in Welsh).
2401:
2398:"Amser Bwyd"
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2374:(in Welsh).
2371:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2342:Biokurier.pl
2341:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2283:
2277:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
2215:, retrieved
2211:the original
2205:
2199:
2172:
2156:
2124:
2113:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:the original
2055:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:the original
2013:wiki1.sch.im
2012:
1984:
1983:Rana, M. K.
1979:
1941:
1933:
1914:. Retrieved
1908:(in Welsh).
1905:
1896:
1880:
1875:
1859:
1854:
1835:
1816:
1776:
1760:
1752:
1724:
1707:
1699:phytoalexins
1696:
1692:supertasters
1681:
1676:
1672:
1623:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1303:
1279:
1235:
1184:
1168:
1159:Jiggs dinner
1147:
1139:
1124:stwnsh rwden
1104:
1087:Burns supper
1064:
1062:
1041:
1008:
1004:potato chips
1001:
987:
984:
965:
958:
956:
842:
816:
778:
753:
744:
733:Please help
728:verification
725:
686:
680:
672:
666:
659:
655:
648:napobrassica
647:
643:
637:
627:
619:
615:
605:
578:World War II
567:
552:
550:
506:
478:
474:
470:
466:
456:
454:
449:
445:
442:white turnip
437:
429:
425:
417:
409:
402:
398:
394:
388:
386:in English.
383:
379:
338:West Country
333:
313:
311:
306:
302:
272:
270:
228:
220:
215:between the
205:
202:white turnip
194:Manx English
175:
167:
163:
154:
153:
152:, a form of
137:
88:
87:
68:
40:
3594:iNaturalist
3139:18 November
2861:Celebration
2795:"Rutabagas"
2352:5 September
1650:thiocyanate
1359:Thiamine (B
1165:New Zealand
1012:lanttukukko
909:and salted
821:Scandinavia
775:Netherlands
747:August 2018
574:World War I
513:Scandinavia
436:. The term
407:Old English
350:Isle of Man
332:. The name
330:New Zealand
3678:Categories
3612:60452368-2
2926:p. 44
2875:16 October
2857:Halloween
2836:9 November
2826:sruc.ac.uk
2308:30 October
2260:30 October
2217:5 February
2193:HathiTrust
2141:required.)
2023:20 October
1809:References
1767:Hop-tu-Naa
1716:Other uses
1644:) release
1642:lima beans
1554:Phosphorus
1191:casseroles
1177:or bakes.
1175:casseroles
1112:ponsh maip
1081:being the
1015:(rutabaga-
974:or canned
897:pinnekjøtt
652:subspecies
223:) and the
209:originated
3661:100300283
3323:Cultivars
2859:Inaugural
2541:Acta Hort
2299:Libraries
2251:Libraries
2097:0002-1482
2068:1 January
1870:. p. 208.
1773:Festivals
1756:Halloween
1749:, Ireland
1737:Halloween
1727:livestock
1721:Livestock
1710:vitamin C
1567:Potassium
1541:Manganese
1528:Magnesium
1460:Vitamin C
1443:Folate (B
1427:Vitamin B
1393:Niacin (B
1171:Southland
1151:mincemeat
1136:Australia
976:pineapple
968:julienned
905:raspeball
889:smalahove
616:Prodromus
608:taxonomic
432:rotabagge
378:, and as
326:Australia
312:The term
282:rotabagge
251:Etymology
245:Halloween
237:livestock
144:and some
3684:Brassica
3656:Tropicos
3531:BioLib:
3504:Wikidata
3459:Brassica
3430:Brassica
3392:Rutabaga
3382:Rapeseed
3377:Nanohana
3367:Kohlrabi
3357:Choy sum
3345:Bok choy
3241:Brassica
3163:Archived
3133:Archived
3103:Archived
3083:16 March
3077:Archived
3073:BBC News
3053:16 March
3047:Archived
3018:citation
2963:BBC News
2955:Archived
2940:Archived
2911:Archived
2905:(1998).
2799:Archived
2781:15202903
2743:Archived
2724:17133799
2716:16979544
2667:19035553
2639:Brassica
2537:Brassica
2514:Archived
2510:30844154
2472:28 March
2466:Archived
2456:(2024).
2432:Archived
2412:16 March
2406:Archived
2382:16 March
2376:Archived
2346:Archived
2181:Archived
2161:Archived
1949:Archived
1916:16 March
1910:Archived
1891:. p. 174
1843:Archived
1824:Archived
1797:See also
1763:pumpkins
1677:Brassica
1673:Brassica
1632:(corn),
1548:0.131 mg
1488:Quantity
1482:Minerals
1345:Quantity
1339:Vitamins
1095:clapshot
1059:Scotland
1053:Cornwall
1027:Karelian
1023:Savonian
921:ham hock
787:stamppot
781:potatoes
563:Illinois
546:Scotland
471:snaggers
467:snadgers
416:, Latin
391:Scotland
342:Cornwall
273:Rutabaga
182:Scottish
160:rapeseed
89:Rutabaga
3573:3042637
3510:Q158464
3330:Bomdong
3249:Species
2694:Bibcode
2596:9431670
2576:Bibcode
2520:21 June
2120:"Swede"
2105:3740589
2009:"Photo"
1661:Goitres
1654:thyroid
1646:cyanide
1626:cassava
1587:0.24 mg
1522:0.44 mg
1502:Calcium
1421:0.16 mg
1387:0.04 mg
1370:0.09 mg
1305:Protein
1078:tatties
1071:tatties
1038:England
1029:dish).
980:carrots
972:Raisins
939:Finland
925:mustard
911:herring
807:tatties
707:Cuisine
634:variety
517:Finland
495:History
475:narkies
399:tumshie
371:erfinen
346:Ireland
285:, from
277:Swedish
217:cabbage
174:), and
148:) is a
142:English
64:Species
3645:NZOR:
3599:450737
3586:319659
3560:164407
3524:439394
3407:Turnip
3402:Tatsoi
3387:Rapini
3335:Canola
3169:7 June
2922:
2820:SRUC.
2779:
2722:
2714:
2665:
2594:
2508:
2498:
2297:&
2287:(IPNI)
2249:&
2239:(IPNI)
2103:
2095:
1991:
1971:
1887:
1866:
1789:, and
1779:Ithaca
1761:Since
1731:hopper
1657:iodide
1640:, and
1574:305 mg
1437:0.1 mg
1404:0.7 mg
1312:1.08 g
1288:0.16 g
1255:4.46 g
1251:Sugars
1244:8.62 g
1221:Energy
1144:Canada
1118:mwtrin
1091:haggis
916:rotmos
866:rotmos
853:butter
849:carrot
845:potato
836:Rotmos
813:Poland
803:Haggis
793:stoemp
770:Europe
685:) and
677:turnip
536:lanttu
530:lanttu
521:Russia
457:turnip
438:turnip
426:baigie
405:(from
395:turnip
384:turnip
359:meipen
348:, the
334:turnip
328:, and
225:turnip
213:hybrid
177:turnip
3555:EUNIS
3547:BRSNA
3534:39211
2720:S2CID
2135:
2101:JSTOR
1688:TAS2R
1630:maize
1561:53 mg
1535:20 mg
1509:43 mg
1467:25 mg
1454:21 μg
1265:2.3 g
1195:pasty
1187:stews
1101:Wales
1083:Scots
1065:neeps
1049:pasty
1018:kukko
877:Onion
861:cream
646:var.
632:as a
588:(the
488:napin
420:napus
380:swede
376:Welsh
368:, or
365:rwden
354:Wales
314:swede
298:bagge
211:as a
172:Scots
138:Swede
136:) or
3638:3709
3633:NCBI
3607:IPNI
3581:GRIN
3568:GBIF
3542:EPPO
3519:APNI
3171:2019
3141:2018
3111:2012
3085:2018
3055:2018
3024:link
2984:2012
2920:ISBN
2877:2007
2838:2013
2807:2012
2777:PMID
2712:PMID
2663:PMID
2592:PMID
2522:2024
2506:PMID
2496:ISBN
2474:2024
2440:2022
2414:2018
2384:2018
2354:2022
2310:2009
2262:2009
2219:2020
2191:via
2093:ISSN
2070:2024
2025:2017
1989:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1918:2018
1885:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1684:gene
1580:Zinc
1515:Iron
1153:and
1107:cawl
1025:and
857:milk
671:of 2
576:and
479:moot
450:rapa
448:ssp
403:neep
295:' +
293:root
192:and
184:and
168:neep
3620:NBN
3007:doi
2961:",
2948:BBC
2946:",
2769:doi
2702:doi
2653:doi
2584:doi
2549:doi
2545:163
2462:FDA
1572:10%
1493:%DV
1465:28%
1350:%DV
1281:Fat
1189:or
1075:" (
859:or
737:by
658:in
636:of
594:or
519:or
462:næp
452:).
412:næp
389:In
382:or
374:in
344:),
305:or
288:rot
243:at
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2087:.
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2011:.
2000:^
1960:^
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1904:.
1636:,
1628:,
1585:2%
1559:4%
1546:6%
1533:5%
1520:2%
1507:3%
1452:5%
1435:6%
1419:3%
1402:4%
1385:3%
1368:8%
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