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political inclusion (10.2), ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination (10.3), adopt fiscal and social policies that promotes equality (10.4), improved regulation of global financial markets and institutions (10.5), enhanced representation for developing countries in financial institutions (10.6), responsible and well-managed migration policies (10.7), special and differential treatment for developing countries (10.a), encourage development assistance and investment in least developed countries (10.b) and reduced transaction costs for migrant remittances (10.c).
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of emerging markets and developing countries, with a much more devastating effect on the lesser developed countries of the world. The Gini Index is a ratio which is able to determine the income inequality where 0 means that all income is shared equally between all the population and 100 means all the
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Relative poverty and inequality is the share of people living below 50 per cent of the median income level. Data from 110 high- and low-income countries showed that the median country had 14 per cent of the population with income levels below that threshold. But both rich and poor countries have high
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The UN has defined 10 targets and 11 indicators for SDG 10. Targets specify the goals and
Indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these Targets are achieved. SDG 10 covers issues including reducing income inequalities (10.1), promoting universal social, economic and
176:, the eradication of extreme poverty, and it is relevant for all countries in the world. There has been a growth in income for poorer people in 2012–2017. Nevertheless, it is common in many countries that "the bottom 40 per cent of the population receive less than 25 per cent of the overall income".
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is also accompanied with migration, displacement and dispossession, and this often increased vulnerability of marginalized communities and groups, which negatively shaped their prospects for globalization and emancipation and widened inequality at the meantime. There are also association between
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The full title of Target 10.b is to: "Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing
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The full title of Target 10.6 is to: "Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions".
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Target 10.3 has one indicator. Indicator 10.3.1 is the "Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law".
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Inequality exist in various forms, such as economic, sex, disability, race, social inequality, and different forms of discrimination. Measuring inequality in its individual forms is a crucial component in order to reduce inequality within and among countries. The
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The full title of Target 10.3 is to: "Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard".
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A UN progress report from 2020 stated that: "The global labour income share has shown a downward trend since 2004, when it stood at 54 percent, implying that workers are receiving a smaller proportion of the output they helped produce".
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The full title of Target 10.a is to: "Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade
Organization agreements".
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The full title of Target 10.2 is to: "By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status".
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Target 10.c is to reduce the transaction costs for migrant remittances to below 3 percent. The target of 3 percent was established as the cost that international migrant workers would pay to send money home (known as
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There has been a growth in income for poorer people in 2012–2017. Nevertheless, it is common in many countries that "the bottom 40 per cent of the population receive less than 25 per cent of the overall income".
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The full title of Target 10.7 is to: "Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies".
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shows these communities are irregularly likely to live in environments with higher risk of exposure to pollution and toxic contamination, which possess long-term health and environmental threats.
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and low levels of inequality. Income inequality is not strongly correlated with either poverty or affluence, suggesting that policies promoting equality and inclusivity have universal relevance.
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The full title of Target 10.c is to: "By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent".
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Issues associated with health, pollution, and environmental justices are often inseparable with inequality. Sometimes these issues also associated with indigenous and aboriginal communities,
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Target 10.1 has one indicator: Indicator 10.1.1 is the "Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population".
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in 2020 is making inequality worse. It is hitting the most vulnerable people hardest. Due to the pandemic it is estimated that there will be an increase of more than 6% on average for the
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Target 10.1 is to "sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average". This goal, known as "shared prosperity", is complementing
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The full title of Target 10.1 is: "By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average".
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The full title of Target 10.5 is to: "Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations".
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Target 10.a has one indicator. Indicator 10.a.1 is the "Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff".
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Target 10.2 has one indicator. Indicator 10.2.1 is the "Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities".
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is the most frequently used measurement of socioeconomic inequality as it can significantly show the income and wealth distribution within and among countries.
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The full title of Target 10.4 is to: "Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality".
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Target 10.6 has one indicator. Indicator 10.6.1 is the "Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations".
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A UN report from 2020 pointed out that "women are more likely to be victims of discrimination than men". And the situation is even worse for women with
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A UN report from 2020 pointed out that "women are more likely to be victims of discrimination than men". And the situation is even worse for women with
672:, High-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council (E/2020/57), 28 April 2020
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Target 10.b has one indicator. Indicator 10.b.1 is the "Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow".
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inequality and mental and physical health in various forms, such as status anxiety/competition, social capital, social embeddedness and cohesion.
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948:"The Association Between Income Inequality and Mental Health: Testing Status Anxiety, Social Capital, and Neo-Materialist Explanations"
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These indicators measure the share of members and voting rights in international institutions which are held by developing countries.
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World map for
Indicator 10.1.1: Average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, bottom 40% of population (%)
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The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2019. Progress towards targets will be measured by indicators. The first seven targets are
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Target 10.4 has one indicator. Indicator 10.4.1 is the "Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers".
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Indicator 10.7.1: Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of yearly income earned in country of destination
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Target 10.c has one indicator. Indicator 10.c.1 is the "Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted".
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established by the United
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Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).
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Indicator 10.7.2: Number of countries that have implemented well-managed migration policies
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Target 10.b: Encourage development assistance and investment in least developed countries
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Target 10.5 has one indicator. Indicator 10.5.1 is the "Financial soundness indicator".
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United
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Target 10.6: Enhanced representation for developing countries in financial institutions
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SDG 10 is linked to many of the other SDGs, such as peaceful and inclusive societies (
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Progress towards the
Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General
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United
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Cooper, Nathan; Green, Donna; Sullivan, Marianne; Cohen, David (2018-07-23).
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Target 10.5: Improved regulation of global financial markets and institutions
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Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers (%)
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Target 10.a: Special and differential treatment for developing countries
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Target 10.2: Promote universal social, economic and political inclusion
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Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development
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evaluating the progress towards the
Sustainable Development Goals.
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Target 10.4: Adopt fiscal and social policies that promote equality
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countries, in accordance with their national plans and programs".
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Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports with zero-tariff (%)
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and communities of low socio-economic status (SES). Studies of
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Target 10.3: Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination
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Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
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Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
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Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
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Target 10.c: Reduce transaction costs for migrant remittances
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Target 10.7: Responsible and well-managed migration policies
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List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators
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Sitthiyot, Thitithep; Holasut, Kanyarat (December 2020).
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UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform – SDG 10
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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