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1711:) expanded on this. She stated that local governance (or self-governance) can be a third option besides the market or the national government. She studied how people in small, local communities manage shared natural resources. She showed that communities using natural resources can establish rules their for use and maintenance. These are resources such as pastures, fishing waters, and forests. This leads to both economic and ecological sustainability. Successful self-governance needs groups with frequent communication among participants. In this case, groups can manage the usage of
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are all part of one earth system, and that the protection of planetary integrity should not be a means to an end, but an end in itself". The aspect of environmental protection is not an explicit priority for the SDGs. This causes problems as it could encourage countries to give the environment less weight in their developmental plans. The authors state that "sustainability on a planetary scale is only achievable under an overarching
Planetary Integrity Goal that recognizes the biophysical limits of the planet".
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1939:". He argued many people deceive themselves by using the Brundtland definition of sustainability. This is because the needs of the present generation are actually not met today. Instead, economic activities to meet present needs will shrink the options of future generations. Another criticism is that the paradigm of sustainability is no longer suitable as a guide for transformation. This is because societies are "socially and ecologically self-destructive consumer societies".
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1329:. The bigger the concern for future generations, the lower the social discount rate should be. Another approach is to put an economic value on ecosystem services. This allows us to assess environmental damage against perceived short-term welfare benefits. One calculation is that, "for every dollar spent on ecosystem restoration, between three and 75 dollars of economic benefits from ecosystem goods and services can be expected".
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297:"Sustainability the long-term viability of a community, set of social institutions, or societal practice. In general, sustainability is understood as a form of intergenerational ethics in which the environmental and economic actions taken by present persons do not diminish the opportunities of future persons to enjoy similar levels of wealth, utility, or welfare."
907:, economic, political, and cultural sustainability. These domains all depend on the relationship between the social and the natural. The ecological domain is defined as human embeddedness in the environment. From this perspective, social sustainability encompasses all human activities. It goes beyond the intersection of economics, the environment, and the social.
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A textbook on natural resources and environmental economics stated in 2011: "Nobody who has seriously studied the issues believes that the economy's relationship to the natural environment can be left entirely to market forces." This means natural resources will be over-exploited and destroyed in the
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The 17 goals and targets lay out transformative steps. For example, the SDGs aim to protect the future of planet Earth. The UN pledged to "protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action
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The decoupling of economic growth from environmental deterioration is difficult. This is because the entity that causes environmental and social costs does not generally pay for them. So the market price does not express such costs. For example, the cost of packaging into the price of a product. may
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There are many approaches that people can take to transition to environmental sustainability. These include maintaining ecosystem services, protecting and co-creating common resources, reducing food waste, and promoting dietary shifts towards plant-based foods. Another is reducing population growth
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between different dimensions of sustainability are a common topic for debate. Balancing the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainability is difficult. This is because there is often disagreement about the relative importance of each. To resolve this, there is a need to integrate,
451:
Scholars usually distinguish three different areas of sustainability. These are the environmental, the social, and the economic. Several terms are in use for this concept. Authors may speak of three pillars, dimensions, components, aspects, perspectives, factors, or goals. All mean the same thing in
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he wrote that "the highest art/science/industriousness will consist in such a conservation and replanting of timber that there can be a continuous, ongoing and sustainable use". The shift in use of "sustainability" from preservation of forests (for future wood production) to broader preservation of
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over a long period of time. Definitions of this term are disputed and have varied with literature, context, and time. Sustainability usually has three dimensions (or pillars): environmental, economic, and social. Many definitions emphasize the environmental dimension. This can include addressing key
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As representatives from different faith and religious traditions, we stand together to express deep concern for the consequences of climate change on the earth and its people, all entrusted, as our faiths reveal, to our common care. Climate change is indeed a threat to life, a precious gift we have
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The environmental dimension is central to the overall concept of sustainability. People became more and more aware of environmental pollution in the 1960s and 1970s. This led to discussions on sustainability and sustainable development. This process began in the 1970s with concern for environmental
597:
In 2022 an assessment examined the political impacts of the
Sustainable Development Goals. The assessment found that the "integrity of the earth's life-support systems" was essential for sustainability. The authors said that "the SDGs fail to recognize that planetary, people and prosperity concerns
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Furthermore, there are several barriers related to the difficulties of implementing sustainability policies. There are trade-offs between the goals of environmental policies and economic development. Environmental goals include nature conservation. Development may focus on poverty reduction. There
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growth per annum in the least developed countries". However, the challenge is to expand economic activities while reducing their environmental impact. In other words, humanity will have to find ways how societal progress (potentially by economic development) can be reached without excess strain on
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The 'environment' is where we all live; and 'development' is what we all do in attempting to improve our lot within that abode. The two are inseparable. We came to see that a new development path was required, one that sustained human progress not just in a few pieces for a few years, but for the
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Some scholars have even proclaimed the end of the concept of sustainability. This is because humans now have a significant impact on Earth's climate system and ecosystems. It might become impossible to pursue sustainability because of these complex, radical, and dynamic issues. Others have called
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for climate action. There can be a lack of enforcement of existing national or international regulation. And there can be gaps in regulation for international actors such as multi-national enterprises.Critics of some global organizations say they lack legitimacy and democracy. Institutions facing
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launched the
Poverty-Environment Initiative in 2005 which has three goals. These are reducing extreme poverty, greenhouse gas emissions, and net natural asset loss. This guide to structural reform will enable countries to achieve the SDGs. It should also show how to address the trade-offs between
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Fletcher, Charles; Ripple, William J.; Newsome, Thomas; Barnard, Phoebe; Beamer, Kamanamaikalani; Behl, Aishwarya; Bowen, Jay; Cooney, Michael; Crist, Eileen; Field, Christopher; Hiser, Krista; Karl, David M.; King, David A.; Mann, Michael E.; McGregor, Davianna P.; Mora, Camilo; Oreskes, Naomi;
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One expert argues a sustainability transition must be "supported by a new kind of culture, a new kind of collaboration, a new kind of leadership". It requires a large investment in "new and greener capital goods, while simultaneously shifting capital away from unsustainable systems". It prefers
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is a practice of deceptive marketing. It is when a company or organization provides misleading information about the sustainability of a product, policy, or other activity. Investors are wary of this issue as it exposes them to risk. The reliability of eco-labels is also doubtful in some cases.
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published the academic paper "Earth at Risk". They made an extensive review of existing scientific literature, placing the blame for the ecological crisis on "imperialism, extractive capitalism, and a surging population" and proposed a paradigm shift that replaces it with a socio-economic model
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is a set of frameworks or indicators used to measure how sustainable something is. This includes processes, products, services and businesses. Sustainability is difficult to quantify. It may even be impossible to measure as there is no fixed definition. To measure sustainability, frameworks and
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are closely related. In fact, they are often used to mean the same thing. Both terms are linked with the "three dimensions of sustainability" concept. One distinction is that sustainability is a general concept, while sustainable development can be a policy or organizing principle. Scholars say
1033:. This assumes that nature provides functions that technology cannot replace. Thus, strong sustainability acknowledges the need to preserve ecological integrity. The loss of those functions makes it impossible to recover or repair many resources and ecosystem services. Biodiversity, along with
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of 180 scientific studies. It found that there is "no evidence of the kind of decoupling needed for ecological sustainability" and that "in the absence of robust evidence, the goal of decoupling rests partly on faith". Some experts have questioned the possibilities for decoupling and thus the
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Technology and nature conservation: there are several related approaches. One is to maintain nature's ecosystem services. Another is promote new green technologies. Another is changing energy use. One aspect of this is to adopt renewable energy sources. At the same time it is necessary to end
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The diagram with three nested ellipses is one way of showing the three dimensions of sustainability together with a hierarchy: It gives the environmental dimension a special status. In this diagram, the environment includes society, and society includes economic conditions. Thus it stresses a
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Three visual representations of sustainability and its three dimensions: the left image shows sustainability as three intersecting circles. In the top right, it is a nested approach. In the bottom right it is three pillars. The schematic with the nested ellipses emphasizes a hierarchy of the
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But some argue that while sustainability is vague and contested it is not meaningless. Although lacking in a singular definition, this concept is still useful. Scholars have argued that its fuzziness can actually be liberating. This is because it means that "the basic goal of sustainability
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A sustainability transition requires major change in societies. They must change their fundamental values and organizing principles. These new values would emphasize "the quality of life and material sufficiency, human solidarity and global equity, and affinity with nature and environmental
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defines a sustainability transition as "a fundamental and wide-ranging transformation of a socio-technical system towards a more sustainable configuration that helps alleviate persistent problems such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss or resource scarcities." The concept of
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to the concept of sustainability. This means it is possible to overcome them. One way would be to put a price tag on the consumption of public goods. Some extrinsic barriers relate to the nature of dominant institutional frameworks. Examples would be where market mechanisms fail for
1651:. Some have argued that decoupling on its own will not be enough to reduce environmental pressures. They say it would need to include the issue of economic growth. There are several reasons why adequate decoupling is currently not taking place. These are rising energy expenditure,
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In the
Brundtland Report, the environment and development are inseparable and go together in the search for sustainability. It described sustainable development as a global concept linking environmental and social issues. It added sustainable development is important for both
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from them. So addressing environmental problems requires understanding the factors behind world poverty and inequality. The report demands a new development path for sustained human progress. It highlights that this is a goal for both developing and industrialized nations.
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Obrecht, Andreas; Pham-Truffert, Myriam; Spehn, Eva; Payne, Davnah; Altermatt, Florian; Fischer, Manuel; Passarello, Cristian; Moersberger, Hannah; Schelske, Oliver; Guntern, Jodok; Prescott, Graham (5 February 2021). "Achieving the SDGs with
Biodiversity".
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Scientists have pointed out that: "Sustainability transitions come about in diverse ways, and all require civil-society pressure and evidence-based advocacy, political leadership, and a solid understanding of policy instruments, markets, and other drivers."
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Kotzé, Louis J.; Kim, Rakhyun E.; Burdon, Peter; du Toit, Louise; Glass, Lisa-Maria; Kashwan, Prakash; Liverman, Diana; Montesano, Francesco S.; Rantala, Salla (2022). "Planetary
Integrity". In SĂ©nit, Carole-Anne; Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas (eds.).
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from 1992 is seen as "the foundational instrument in the move towards sustainability". It includes specific references to ecosystem integrity. The plan associated with carrying out the Rio
Declaration also discusses sustainability in this way. The plan,
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is that there are limits to the carrying capacity of the Earth. It is important not to cross these thresholds to prevent irreversible harm to the Earth. These planetary boundaries involve several environmental issues. These include climate change and
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illustrated this in 2020. It found that $ 44 trillion of economic value generation depends on nature. This value, more than half of the world's GDP, is thus vulnerable to nature loss. Three large economic sectors are highly dependent on nature:
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Persson, Linn; Carney
Almroth, Bethanie M.; Collins, Christopher D.; Cornell, Sarah; de Wit, Cynthia A.; Diamond, Miriam L.; Fantke, Peter; Hassellöv, Martin; MacLeod, Matthew; Ryberg, Morten W.; Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter (1 February 2022).
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The social dimension of sustainability is not well defined. One definition states that a society is sustainable in social terms if people do not face structural obstacles in key areas. These key areas are health, influence, competence,
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as a path towards sustainability". This would mean "using less resources per unit of economic output and reducing the environmental impact of any resources that are used or economic activities that are undertaken". The intensity of
1915:. Research can identify the main issues to focus on. These include flying, meat and dairy products, car driving, and household sufficiency. Research can show how to create cultures of sufficiency, care, solidarity, and simplicity.
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Society-related principles: grant the least privileged the greatest support; seek mutual understanding, trust and many wins; strengthen social cohesion and collaboration; engage stakeholders; foster education – share knowledge and
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or natural resources and the human environment. It later extended to all systems that support life on Earth, including human society. Reducing these negative impacts on the environment would improve environmental sustainability.
1340:. This aims to integrate social and environmental sustainability into economic thinking. The social dimension acts as a minimum standard to which a society should aspire. The carrying capacity of the planet acts an outer limit.
1575:(SDGs). Their official name is Agenda 2030 for the Sustainable Development Goals. The UN described this programme as a very ambitious and transformational vision. It said the SDGs were of unprecedented scope and significance.
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Weak sustainability has come under criticism. It may be popular with governments and business but does not ensure the preservation of the earth's ecological integrity. This is why the environmental dimension is so important.
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without overexploitation. Based on Ostrom's work, some have argued that: "Common-pool resources today are overcultivated because the different agents do not know each other and cannot directly communicate with one another."
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defines sustainability as: "the property of being environmentally sustainable; the degree to which a process or enterprise is able to be maintained or continued while avoiding the long-term depletion of natural resources".
1352:. Before addressing these barriers it is important to analyze and understand them. Some barriers arise from nature and its complexity ("everything is related"). Others arise from the human condition. One example is the
206:". This means it is based on what people value or find desirable: "The quest for sustainability involves connecting what is known through scientific study to applications in pursuit of what people want for the future."
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are also trade-offs between short-term profit and long-term viability. Political pressures generally favor the short term over the long term. So they form a barrier to actions oriented toward improving sustainability.
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is a voluntary method of environmental performance certification and labelling for food and consumer products. The most credible eco-labels are those developed with close participation from all relevant stakeholders.
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looks at the environmental and human impacts of products in the supply chain. It considers how they move from raw materials sourcing to production, storage, and delivery, and every transportation link on the way.
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Aggarwal, Dhruvak; Esquivel, Nhilce; Hocquet, Robin; Martin, Kristiina; Mungo, Carol; Nazareth, Anisha; Nikam, Jaee; Odenyo, Javan; Ravindran, Bhuvan; Kurinji, L. S.; Shawoo, Zoha; Yamada, Kohei (28 April 2022).
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An entity that creates environmental and social costs often does not pay for them. The market price also does not reflect those costs. In the end, government policy is usually required to resolve this problem.
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Haberl, Helmut; Wiedenhofer, Dominik; Virág, Doris; Kalt, Gerald; Plank, Barbara; Brockway, Paul; Fishman, Tomer; Hausknost, Daniel; Krausmann, Fridolin; Leon-Gruchalski, Bartholomäus; Mayer, Andreas (2020).
189:. Another is that sustainability might be an impossible goal. Some experts have pointed out that "no country is delivering what its citizens need without transgressing the biophysical planetary boundaries".
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3084:; Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment; Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development; Paragraph 1"
2520:. Fischer-Kowalski, M., Swilling, M., von Weizsäcker, E.U., Ren, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Crane, W., Krausmann, F., Eisenmenger, N., Giljum, S., Hennicke, P., Romero Lankao, P., Siriban Manalang, A., Sewerin, S.
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took place. It was the first UN conference on environmental issues. It stated it was important to protect and improve the human environment.It emphasized the need to protect wildlife and natural habitats:
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304:, we also need social and economic resources. Sustainability is not just environmentalism. Embedded in most definitions of sustainability we also find concerns for social equity and economic development."
1154:. They can include assessment, appraisal and other reporting systems. The metrics are used over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. For organizations, sustainability measures include corporate
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Countries could develop systems for monitoring and evaluation of progress towards achieving sustainable development by adopting indicators that measure changes across economic, social and environmental
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in ways that are different to how they are usually understood. This can result in confusion and mistrust. So a clear explanation of how the terms are being used in a particular situation is important.
1740:, and others) do not have sufficient means. For example, they lack sanctioning mechanisms to enforce existing global regulations. Some institutions do not enjoy universal acceptance. An example is the
1484:; reduce human environmental impact by efficiency, sufficiency and consistency; be net-positive – build up environmental and societal capital; prefer local, seasonal, plant-based and labor-intensive;
707:. The aim was for the global community to achieve them by 2015. Goal 7 was to "ensure environmental sustainability". But this goal did not mention the concepts of social or economic sustainability.
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emissions. Yet, even in this example, decoupling alone is not enough. It is necessary to accompany it with "sufficiency-oriented strategies and strict enforcement of absolute reduction targets".
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Ebrahimi Sirizi, Mohammad; Taghavi
Zirvani, Esmaeil; Esmailzadeh, Abdulsalam; Khosravian, Jafar; Ahmadi, Reyhaneh; Mijani, Naeim; Soltannia, Reyhaneh; Jokar Arsanjani, Jamal (19 October 2023).
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practices integrate ecological concerns with social and economic ones. One accounting framework for this approach uses the phrase "people, planet, and profit". The name of this approach is the
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1963:. A specific definition may never be possible. This is because sustainability is a concept that provides a normative structure. That describes what human society regards as good or desirable.
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Protecting ecological integrity is the core of sustainability according to many experts. If this is the case then its environmental dimension sets limits to economic and social development.
3860:; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Galetti, Mauro; Alamgir, Mohammed; Crist, Eileen; Mahmoud, Mahmoud I.; Laurance, William F.; 15,364 scientist signatories from 184 countries (2017).
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Von
Carlowitz, H.C. & Rohr, V. (1732) Sylvicultura Oeconomica, oder Haußwirthliche Nachricht und Naturmäßige Anweisung zur Wilden Baum Zucht, Leipzig; translated from German as cited in
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associated with economic output. Examples of absolute long-term decoupling are rare. But some industrialized countries have decoupled GDP growth from production- and consumption-based CO
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prioritizing sustainability, resilience, justice, kinship with nature, and communal well-being. They described many ways in which the transition to a sustainable future can be achieved.
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Strategy of Progress: Environmental Pollution, Habitat Scarcity and Future Research (originally, Strategie des Fortschritts: Umweltbelastung Lebensraumverknappung and Zukunftsforshung)
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from 2005 measured 24 ecosystem services. It concluded that only four have improved over the last 50 years. It found 15 are in serious decline and five are in a precarious condition.
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There are four possible overlapping processes of transformation. They each have different political dynamics. Technology, markets, government, or citizens can lead these processes.
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Religious leaders have stressed the importance of caring for nature and environmental sustainability. In 2015 over 150 leaders from various faiths issued a joint statement to the
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It is possible to divide action principles to make societies more sustainable into four types. These are nature-related, personal, society-related and systems-related principles.
174:. Governments are not the only sources of action for sustainability. For example, business groups have tried to integrate ecological concerns with economic activity, seeking
368:
The idea itself goes back a very long time: Communities have always worried about the capacity of their environment to sustain them in the long term. Many ancient cultures,
290:
Scholars say that a single specific definition of sustainability may never be possible. But the concept is still useful. There have been attempts to define it, for example:
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Some even argue the Sustainable Development Goals are unrealistic. Their aim of universal human well-being conflicts with the physical limits of Earth and its ecosystems.
120:
as the concept is complex, contextual, and dynamic. Indicators have been developed to cover the environment, society, or the economy but there is no fixed definition of
1655:, problem shifting, the underestimated impact of services, the limited potential of recycling, insufficient and inappropriate technological change, and cost-shifting.
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Some young people are using activism, litigation, and on-the-ground efforts to advance sustainability. This is particularly the case in the area of climate action.
109:. This means using fewer resources per unit of output even while growing the economy. This decoupling reduces the environmental impact of economic growth, such as
5400:"Shaping the Future Sustainably – Types of Barriers and Tentative Action Principles (chapter in: Future Scenarios of Global Cooperation—Practices and Challenges)"
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Poverty-Environment Partnership Joint Paper | June 2016 Getting to Zero – A Poverty, Environment and Climate Call to Action for the Sustainable Development Goals
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The UN said: "We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world on to a sustainable and resilient path."
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Some scholars have argued for a fourth dimension. They say the traditional three dimensions do not reflect the complexity of contemporary society. For example,
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2518:
Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth, A Report of the Working Group on Decoupling to the International Resource Panel
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emitted makes it possible to measure pressure on the environment. This in turn makes it possible to measure decoupling. This involves following changes in the
1285:. In other words, there are two broad aims. The first would be to have fewer consumers. The second would be to have less environmental footprint per consumer.
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might have a focus on particular aspects of sustainability, for example spiritual aspects, community-based governance and an emphasis on place and locality.
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Scholars have discussed how to rank the three dimensions of sustainability. Many publications state that the environmental dimension is the most important. (
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entire planet into the distant future. Thus 'sustainable development' becomes a goal not just for the 'developing' nations, but for industrial ones as well.
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294:"Sustainability can be defined as the capacity to maintain or improve the state and availability of desirable materials or conditions over the long term."
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The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A Synthesis of the Approach, Conclusions and Recommendations of TEEB
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1677:(BMI) helps companies manage the uncertainty of such transitions by balancing operational efficiency with innovation and collaboration. A case study of
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People often debate the relationship between the environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. In academia, this is discussed under the term
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There are various ways to incorporate environmental and social costs and benefits into economic activities. Examples include: taxing the activity (the
1162:. For countries, they include estimates of the quality of sustainability governance or quality of life measures, or environmental assessments like the
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Specific problems often dominate public discussion of the environmental dimension of sustainability: In the 21st century these problems have included
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environmental resources (to sustain the world for future generations) traces to a 1972 book by Ernst Basler, based on a series of lectures at M.I.T.
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Howes, Michael; Wortley, Liana; Potts, Ruth; Dedekorkut-Howes, Aysin; Serrao-Neumann, Silvia; Davidson, Julie; Smith, Timothy; Nunn, Patrick (2017).
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demonstrates how a mix of business models and partnerships can drive sustainable change and reduce uncertainties in complex business environments.
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Some scholars place social issues at the very center of discussions. They suggest that all the domains of sustainability are social. These include
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1762:(IGOs) face further challenges. These result in barriers to sustainability. Often these arrangements rely on voluntary commitments. An example is
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Scholars rarely question the distinction itself. The idea of sustainability with three dimensions is a dominant interpretation in the literature.
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Questions of global concern are difficult to tackle. That is because global issues need global solutions. But existing global organizations (UN,
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have calculated the cost of using public natural resources. One project calculated the damage to ecosystems and biodiversity loss. This was the
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72:. The idea of sustainability can guide decisions at the global, national, organizational, and individual levels. A related concept is that of
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ideal: "We need to keep sustainability as an ideal; an ideal which we might never reach, which might be utopian, but still a necessary one."
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Growing attention towards sustainability has led to the formation of many organizations. These include the Sustainability Consortium of the
1315:
666:). Climate change due to human activity became an academic and political topic several decades later. This led to the establishment of the
300:"Sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In addition to
6311:"A scenario-based multi-criteria decision-making approach for allocation of pistachio processing facilities: A case study of Zarand, Iran"
337:. "To sustain" can mean to maintain, support, uphold, or endure. So sustainability is the ability to continue over a long period of time.
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Parrique, T., Barth, J., Briens, F., Kerschner, C., Kraus-Polk, A., Kuokkanen, A., & Spangenberg, J. H. (2019). Decoupling debunked.
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Evidence and arguments against green growth as a sole strategy for sustainability. A study edited by the European Environment Bureau EEB
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6088:""Statement of Faith and Spiritual Leaders on the upcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP21 in Paris in December 2015""
1022:. Natural capital is a way of describing environmental resources. People may refer to it as nature. An example for this is the use of
529:(SDGs) with their 169 targets as balancing "the three dimensions of sustainable development, the economic, social and environmental".
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can improve aspects of economic sustainability (left: the 'take, make, waste' linear approach; right: the circular economy approach).
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balance, and reconcile the dimensions. For example, humans can choose to make ecological integrity a priority or to compromise it.
5754:"Business model innovation for reducing uncertainty in sustainability transitions: A case study of the wood construction industry"
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indicators consider environmental, social and economic domains. The metrics vary by use case and are still evolving. They include
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3068:. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment.
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is similar to the nested ellipses diagram, where the environmental dimension or system is the basis for the other two dimensions.
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Global issues of sustainability are difficult to tackle as they need global solutions. Existing global organizations such as the
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1663:, in this case a negative externality. Usually, it is up to government action or local governance to deal with externalities.
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Some experts have proposed further dimensions. These could cover institutional, cultural, political, and technical dimensions.
5635:"A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part II: synthesizing the insights"
5030:
Steffen, Will; Rockström, Johan; Cornell, Sarah; Fetzer, Ingo; Biggs, Oonsie; Folke, Carl; Reyers, Belinda (15 January 2015).
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factor in the cost of packaging. But it may omit the cost of disposing of that packaging. Economics describes such factors as
1372:. Existing societies, economies, and cultures encourage increased consumption. There is a structural imperative for growth in
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The doughnut model, with indicators to what extent the ecological ceilings are overshot and social foundations are not met yet
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must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations through careful planning or management, as appropriate.
113:. Doing this is difficult. Some experts say there is no evidence that such a decoupling is happening at the required scale.
91:
Details around the economic dimension of sustainability are controversial. Scholars have discussed this under the concept of
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and risk avoidance by businesses who want to continue their economic growth while also reducing their environmental impact.
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The everything green living book: easy ways to conserve energy, protect your family's health, and help save the environment
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approaches can also make cities more sustainable. They do this by altering the built environment. Such approaches include
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1356:. This reflects the fact that people often do not act according to their convictions. Experts describe these barriers as
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to the concept of sustainability. For example, they can result from the dominant institutional frameworks in countries.
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6018:
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3108:
1763:
1163:
1101:
910:
There are many broad strategies for more sustainable social systems. They include improved education and the political
185:
Some people have criticized the idea of sustainability. One point of criticism is that the concept is vague and only a
3003:"Sustainability Theory and Conceptual Considerations: A Review of Key Ideas for Sustainability, and the Rural Context"
9517:
8372:
8108:
8058:
6846:
5901:"A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems"
5454:
4845:
4448:
4370:
4083:
4002:
3716:
3624:
2634:
663:
590:, the economy is a smaller subset of the societal system. And the societal system in turn is a smaller subset of the
4386:
Liam Magee; Andy Scerri; Paul James; James A. Thom; Lin Padgham; Sarah Hickmott; Hepu Deng; Felicity Cahill (2013).
3063:
9271:
8154:
8118:
7225:
7182:
6422:
1931:
Scholars have criticized the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development from different angles. One was
1265:, affluence and technology. This implies various ways to increase environmental sustainability. One would be human
813:. This can promote an economic system that is bad for the environment. Others focus more on the trade-offs between
178:. Religious leaders have stressed the need for caring for nature and environmental stability. Individuals can also
6094:
3316:"Operationalising sustainability? Why sustainability fails as an investment criterion for safeguarding the future"
541:
The diagram with three nested ellipses indicates a hierarchy between the three dimensions of sustainability: both
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8142:
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is an idea to resolve tradeoffs between economic growth and environmental conservation. The idea is to "decouple
1290:
1167:
840:
calls for economic growth to drive social progress and well-being. Its first target is for: "at least 7 per cent
747:
610:
3251:
The English-language word had a legal technical sense from 1835 and a resource-management connotation from 1953.
2414:
1506:; foster diversity; make what is relevant to the public more transparent; maintain or increase option diversity.
1461:
sustainability". A transition may only work if far-reaching lifestyle changes accompany technological advances.
1201:
There are several methods to measure or describe human impacts on Earth. They include the ecological footprint,
344:
so that people in the future could continue to rely on them in the long term. The concept of sustainability, or
9615:
9006:
8909:
8894:
8268:
8085:
7819:
7413:
7142:
7040:
6575:
5639:
2782:"Just another buzzword? A systematic literature review of knowledge-related concepts in sustainability science"
1759:
1261:
measures the environmental impact of humans. It emerged in the 1970s. It states this impact is proportional to
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999:
837:
93:
3614:
2485:
9013:
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7571:
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7365:
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3498:. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992. 1992
2008:
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635:
environmental issues increased in the 20th century. The harmful effects and global spread of pesticides like
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526:
399:
357:
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are seen as inefficient in enforcing current global regulations. One reason for this is the lack of suitable
3477:
Chapter 2: A normative approach to environmental governance: sustainability at the apex of environmental law
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7837:
7788:
7776:
7710:
7581:
7122:
6390:
3528:
1741:
704:
310:
5825:"Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012): Pioneer in the Interdisciplinary Science of Coupled Social-Ecological Systems"
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1591:
9640:
9630:
9543:
9449:
8586:
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8205:
8080:
8053:
7972:
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7162:
6538:
6289:
3171:
1955:
The term is often hijacked and thus can lose its meaning. People use it for all sorts of things, such as
1853:
1768:
1405:
17:
6367:
3288:"Sylvicultura Oeconomica, Oder Haußwirthliche Nachricht und Naturmäßige Anweisung Zur Wilden Baum-Zucht"
2204:
The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals: Transforming Governance Through Global Goals?
601:
Other frameworks bypass the compartmentalization of sustainability into separate dimensions completely.
395:
sustainability is a broader concept because sustainable development focuses mainly on human well-being.
9719:
9512:
9165:
8940:
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6553:
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4238:
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1815:
1130:
1124:
117:
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5900:
5251:
4657:"Capital theory and the measurement of sustainable development: an indicator of "weak" sustainability"
2600:
Decoupling debunked: Evidence and arguments against green growth as a sole strategy for sustainability
97:. For example, there will always be tension between the ideas of "welfare and prosperity for all" and
9826:
9422:
9246:
8778:
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8256:
8130:
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7907:
7842:
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7406:
7132:
6927:
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6417:
5874:
5549:"Earth at risk: An urgent call to end the age of destruction and forge a just and sustainable future"
5408:(14). Centre For Global Cooperation Research (KHK/GCR21), Nora Dahlhaus and Daniela WeiĂźkopf (eds.).
3233:
2598:
Parrique T., Barth J., Briens F., C. Kerschner, Kraus-Polk A., Kuokkanen A., Spangenberg J.H., 2019.
2013:
1337:
1266:
1151:
1115:
978:
833:
227:, defines it as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
1543:
Reduced consumption: reducing food waste, promoting dietary shifts towards mostly plant-based foods.
933:
A society with a high degree of social sustainability would lead to livable communities with a good
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919:
814:
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167:
141:
98:
5907:. Towards Post Fossil Carbon Societies: Regenerative and Preventative Eco-Industrial Development.
3402:"Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 September 2005, 60/1. 2005 World Summit Outcome"
2835:
1348:
There are many reasons why sustainability is so difficult to achieve. These reasons have the name
439:
360:. He used this term to mean the long-term responsible use of a natural resource. In his 1713 work
9821:
9781:
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6752:
6475:
6465:
6383:
4734:
4271:
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3768:
3238:
2535:
Vadén, T.; Lähde, V.; Majava, A.; Järvensivu, P.; Toivanen, T.; Hakala, E.; Eronen, J.T. (2020).
1712:
1685:
1615:
1602:
1539:. It showed how to move towards environmental sustainability. It proposed steps in three areas:
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1485:
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1311:
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The natural resources of the earth, including the air, water, land, flora and fauna and natural
391:
385:
349:
218:
171:
106:
73:
5515:
Stewarding Sustainability Transformations: An Emerging Theory and Practice of SDG Implementation
4696:
Ayres, Robert; van den Berrgh, Jeroen; Gowdy, John (2001). "Strong versus Weak Sustainability".
4656:
4498:
1895:
Individuals can also live in a more sustainable way. They can change their lifestyles, practise
918:. This involves equity between rich and poor both within and between countries. And it includes
9538:
9496:
9491:
9374:
9251:
9083:
8788:
8641:
8489:
8452:
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8003:
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7470:
7379:
7372:
7192:
7147:
7102:
6917:
6881:
6871:
6666:
6641:
6625:
6610:
6592:
1433:
940:
911:
841:
2537:"Decoupling for ecological sustainability: A categorisation and review of research literature"
1546:
Reducing the number of consumers: further reducing fertility rates and thus population growth.
1495:
Personal principles: practise contemplation, apply policies with caution, celebrate frugality.
977:. They also advocate for a cultural dimension in all public policies. Another example was the
37:
9733:
9605:
9469:
9308:
9153:
8999:
8576:
8070:
7937:
7902:
7887:
7852:
7809:
7576:
7541:
7495:
7270:
7215:
7172:
7055:
7030:
6995:
6671:
5180:
4827:
4352:
3905:
3246:
1904:
1147:
1073:, sea use change and climate change. Other examples are natural resource use, pollution, and
966:
210:
137:
4596:
4108:
Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
3613:
Raskin, P.; Banuri, T.; GallopĂn, G.; Gutman, P.; Hammond, A.; Kates, R.; Swart, R. (2002).
1582:
on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations".
880:
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9479:
9454:
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7531:
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7205:
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7152:
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6980:
6876:
6699:
6558:
6543:
6518:
6503:
6460:
6207:"Post-capitalism, post-growth, post-consumerism? Eco-political hopes beyond sustainability"
6183:
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5912:
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5189:
5098:
4748:
4739:
4698:
4670:
4661:
4537:
4401:
4283:
3938:
3661:
3439:
3014:
2847:
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2548:
2148:
2081:
1936:
1841:
is a related concept. Its goal is to decouple environmental pressure from economic growth.
1830:
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but in a positive sense: the goals are more important than the approaches or means applied;
175:
125:
61:
31:
3479:, Research Handbook on Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Law, edited by Douglas Fisher
3227:
2953:
2936:
2780:
Apetrei, Cristina I.; Caniglia, Guido; von Wehrden, Henrik; Lang, Daniel J. (1 May 2021).
1325:
Decision-making can take future costs and benefits into account. The tool for this is the
8:
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6528:
6508:
6498:
5753:
1912:
1896:
1274:
1227:
743:
573:
369:
5995:"Becoming Sustainable: Tools and Resources for Successful Organizational Transformation"
5963:
5916:
5652:
5573:
5193:
5102:
4815:
Nature Risk Rising: Why the Crisis Engulfing Nature Matters for Business and the Economy
4752:
4674:
4541:
4499:"The Regional Institute – WACOSS Housing and Sustainable Communities Indicators Project"
4405:
4287:
3942:
3665:
3443:
3018:
2851:
2797:
2552:
2152:
2085:
1967:(maintaining or improving desirable conditions ) can be pursued with more flexibility".
9757:
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5480:
5218:
5175:
5152:
5127:
5084:
4555:
4435:
Cohen, J. E. (2006). "Human Population: The Next Half Century.". In Kennedy, D. (ed.).
4417:
3972:
3769:"XXXI. On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground"
3684:
3649:
3523:
United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015,
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2914:
2871:
2569:
2536:
2172:
1900:
1890:
1834:
1810:
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914:. This is especially the case in developing countries. They include greater regard for
640:
471:
419:
407:
373:
228:
179:
145:
5270:
4927:
Sustainability Appraisal: A Sourcebook and Reference Guide to International Experience
4760:
4272:"A strategic approach to social sustainability – Part 2: a principle-based definition"
1692:); and outlawing particular levels of damaging practices (legal limits on pollution).
9585:
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9352:
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9027:
9020:
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8839:
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5308:
5298:
5223:
5205:
5132:
5114:
4969:
Wackernagel, Mathis; Lin, David; Evans, Mikel; Hanscom, Laurel; Raven, Peter (2019).
4930:
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3002:
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2811:
2717:
2657:
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2217:
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2136:
2099:
1437:
1425:
1410:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1066:
923:
719:
715:
648:
489:
475:
340:
In the past, sustainability referred to environmental sustainability. It meant using
301:
254:
223:
69:
5174:
Wiedmann, Thomas; Lenzen, Manfred; KeyĂźer, Lorenz T.; Steinberger, Julia K. (2020).
3825:
3811:
2875:
2806:
2781:
2627:
Measuring Good Business: Making Sense of Environmental, Social & Governance Data
2389:
797:
The economic dimension of sustainability is controversial. This is because the term
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5604:
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5560:
5475:
5442:
5409:
5213:
5197:
5150:
Ehrlich, P.R.; Holden, J.P. (1974). "Human Population and the global environment".
5122:
5106:
4982:
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4707:
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4545:
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4409:
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4291:
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4209:
4174:
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3976:
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3679:
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2855:
2801:
2707:
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2556:
2456:
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2207:
2156:
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1525:
1503:
1353:
1282:
1262:
1106:
1074:
1070:
1005:
927:
790:
770:
723:
655:
447:, where sustainability is thought of as the area where the three dimensions overlap
403:
341:
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5924:
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7942:
7715:
7690:
7660:
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7080:
6990:
6975:
6841:
6806:
6615:
5841:
4957:
4903:
4550:
4525:
4161:
Boyer, Robert H. W.; Peterson, Nicole D.; Arora, Poonam; Caldwell, Kevin (2016).
4106:
United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,
3535:
3287:
3190:
2859:
2767:
2745:
2560:
1755:
1449:
1246:, and chemical pollution. (Since 2015 some experts refer to biodiversity loss as
1239:
1202:
1019:
974:
934:
810:
766:
751:
735:
5564:
3082:
Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future
3065:
Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future
1875:. They reiterated a statement made in the Interfaith Summit in New York in 2014:
1563:
1383:
Barriers to sustainability may also reflect current trends. These could include
518:
United Nations Conference on Environment & Development – Earth Summit (1992)
459:, representing sustainability first appeared in a 1987 article by the economist
264:
Choices matter: "it is not possible to sustain everything, everywhere, forever";
9745:
9170:
9138:
8955:
8869:
8864:
8854:
8702:
8656:
8581:
8412:
7993:
7917:
7740:
7675:
7561:
7005:
6856:
6851:
6483:
5661:
5634:
5238:
5201:
5085:"Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities"
4196:"Measuring Social Sustainability with the Developed MCSA Model: GĂĽzelyurt Case"
3773:
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
3674:
2298:
2114:
1932:
1784:
1780:
1671:
1652:
1429:
1235:
1223:
1042:
1038:
915:
897:
884:
829:
785:
711:
659:
460:
163:
84:
is often thought of as a long-term goal (i.e. a more sustainable world), while
65:
5787:
Roger Perman; Yue Ma; Michael Common; David Maddison; James Mcgilvray (2011).
5786:
5532:
4641:
Robert U. Ayres & Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh & John M. Gowdy, 1998. "
4413:
3784:
3451:
2760:
2370:
2212:
2160:
2094:
2069:
452:
this context. The three dimensions paradigm has few theoretical foundations.
242:
Some other key concepts to illustrate the meaning of sustainability include:
235:
into the mainstream of policy discussions. It also popularized the concept of
9815:
9769:
9752:
9415:
9364:
8965:
8950:
8924:
8899:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8834:
8651:
8512:
8466:
8352:
8261:
8043:
7700:
7695:
7670:
7310:
7035:
7020:
7015:
7000:
6821:
6775:
6533:
6336:
6232:
6163:
5979:
5948:"The quest for a circular economy final definition: A scientific perspective"
5932:
5850:
5806:
5773:
5735:
5670:
5421:
5413:
5375:
5312:
5209:
5118:
4797:
4719:
4338:
4223:
4051:
3960:
3897:
3792:
3459:
3341:
3034:
2962:
2867:
2815:
2721:
2470:
2287:
2168:
2103:
1704:
1643:
1453:
1421:
1388:
731:
624:
542:
525:
Agenda 2030 from 2015 also viewed sustainability in this way. It sees the 17
258:
247:
6039:. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). Archived from
6022:
5436:
5331:, (mimeo), Chapter 8: Choice of social discount rate. Copenhagen University.
5110:
4385:
4093:
4012:
3878:
3634:
3332:
3315:
9805:
9793:
9464:
9143:
9103:
8874:
8732:
8697:
8611:
8601:
8596:
8571:
8531:
8392:
8377:
8367:
8347:
8090:
8048:
7952:
7705:
7624:
7283:
6681:
6440:
6252:
5717:
5582:
5357:
5294:
5227:
5136:
4865:
4601:
Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance
4440:
4075:
3968:
3693:
3587:
3166:
2578:
1990:
1648:
1333:
1058:
893:
774:
576:
or ecological integrity are other terms for the environmental dimension.)
537:
517:
456:
444:
5899:
Ghisellini, Patrizia; Cialani, Catia; Ulgiati, Sergio (15 February 2016).
4875:
3726:
3612:
1111:
9347:
9175:
9093:
9088:
9063:
8919:
8849:
8727:
8717:
8621:
7922:
7766:
7750:
7685:
7634:
6866:
6861:
6826:
6689:
4483:
3079:
2909:
1689:
1667:
1660:
1551:
1529:
1384:
1302:
1062:
1034:
818:
644:
414:
and society. The concept of sustainable development has come to focus on
203:
6327:
6310:
4388:"Reframing social sustainability reporting: Towards an engaged approach"
4311:"Five Approaches to Social Sustainability and an Integrated Way Forward"
4309:
Boyer, Robert; Peterson, Nicole; Arora, Poonam; Caldwell, Kevin (2016).
4163:"Five Approaches to Social Sustainability and an Integrated Way Forward"
2684:"Environmental Sustainability: A Case of Policy Implementation Failure?"
2250:"Losing the Forest for the Trees: Environmental Reductionism in the Law"
1642:
One study in 2020 found no evidence of necessary decoupling. This was a
217:
today. The commission's 1987 Brundtland Report provided a definition of
151:
It is necessary to address many barriers to sustainability to achieve a
9232:
9133:
9118:
9068:
8960:
8687:
8682:
8561:
8546:
8442:
8362:
8283:
8210:
7725:
7680:
7025:
7010:
6836:
6816:
5765:
4987:
4971:"Defying the Footprint Oracle: Implications of Country Resource Trends"
4970:
4645:", Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 98-103/3, Tinbergen Institute.
4214:
4195:
3888:
2712:
1772:
1678:
1674:
1441:
1110:
Urban sustainability analysis of the greater urban area of the city of
5752:
Abadzhiev, Andrey; Sukhov, Alexandre; Johnson, Mikael (18 June 2024).
4833:
Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability
4358:
Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability
4329:
4310:
4179:
4162:
4066:
2702:
2683:
2461:
2444:
2278:
2268:
2249:
1935:, one of the authors of the first report to the Club of Rome, called "
155:. Some barriers arise from nature and its complexity while others are
9402:
9058:
8742:
8707:
8591:
8566:
8536:
8397:
8288:
7294:
7240:
6694:
5354:
Doughnut economics: seven ways to think like a 21st-century economist
4837:
4779:
4362:
4125:"UN Environment | UNDP-UN Environment Poverty-Environment Initiative"
3552:
1628:
1143:
1085:
1041:, are examples. Others are clean air, clean water, and regulation of
762:
687:
617:
591:
504:
140:. They also involve indices and accounting systems such as corporate
133:
110:
102:
9776:
4239:"Social Sustainability and the City: Social sustainability and city"
3951:
3926:
1558:
805:
can be interpreted in different ways. Some may take it to mean only
9474:
9397:
9358:
9180:
9108:
8646:
8038:
7912:
7398:
7087:
5446:
5081:
4831:
4526:"Introduction: toward more inclusive definitions of sustainability"
4524:
Virtanen, Pirjo Kristiina; Siragusa, Laura; Guttorm, Hanna (2020).
4387:
4356:
4129:
UN Environment | UNDP-UN Environment Poverty-Environment Initiative
4043:
3525:
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
1995:
1976:
1666:
An important challenge for effective sustainability transitions is
1606:
1258:
1231:
586:
Another model shows the three dimensions in a similar way: In this
556:
353:
186:
4817:
New Nature Economy, World Economic Forum in collaboration with PwC
4111:
2070:"Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins"
9800:
8737:
8551:
7521:
7060:
6375:
2681:
1243:
849:
758:
546:
411:
9788:
8481:
4897:
4895:
4859:
4857:
4776:
The principle of sustainability: transforming law and governance
3812:
Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
1752:, and WTO) And some accuse them of nepotism and mismanagement.
9379:
9041:
8793:
8606:
8526:
6724:
6290:"The Troubling Evolution Of Large Scale Corporate Greenwashing"
6272:"The Troubling Evolution Of Large Scale Corporate Greenwashing"
5249:
5173:
4028:"Sustainable development (1987-2005): an oxymoron comes of age"
3077:
1944:
1270:
825:
639:
came under scrutiny in the 1960s. In the 1970s it emerged that
77:
5946:
Nobre, Gustavo Cattelan; Tavares, Elaine (10 September 2021).
5472:
The regulation and policy of Latin American energy transitions
4270:
Missimer, Merlina; Robèrt, Karl-Henrik; Broman, Göran (2017).
3575:
2779:
2761:
Sustainable Shrinkage: Envisioning a Smaller, Stronger Economy
507:, talks about economic, social, and environmental dimensions:
398:
Sustainable development has two linked goals. It aims to meet
253:
It connects with other essential concepts such as resilience,
9764:
9201:
8970:
8677:
8661:
5237:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
5233:
5029:
4892:
4854:
4830:; with Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred B. (2015).
4468:
4355:; with Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred B. (2015).
2297:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
2293:
2113:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
2109:
1018:
states that capital made by humans could replace most of the
402:
goals. It also aims to enable natural systems to provide the
330:
56:
5545:
5434:
1794:
631:
or regional concern for most of human history. Awareness of
5714:
Environmental economics for tree huggers and other skeptics
5290:
Environmental economics for tree huggers and other skeptics
4826:
4351:
2206:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 140–171.
1819:
1788:
1688:); subsidizing activities with positive effects (rewarding
308:
Some definitions focus on the environmental dimension. The
5631:
5341:
UNEP, FAO (2020). UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. 48p.
4968:
4603:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–17.
4308:
4160:
2534:
973:
argue that sustainable development should include a solid
88:
refers to the many processes and pathways to achieve it."
4472:
Charting a youth vision for a just and sustainable future
4124:
3616:
Great transition: the promise and lure of the times ahead
1695:
636:
325:
Sustainable development § Development of the concept
5898:
5823:
Anderies, John M.; Janssen, Marco A. (16 October 2012).
4695:
3862:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice"
3856:
3650:"The costs and benefits of environmental sustainability"
3314:
Friederich, Simon; Symons, Jonathan (15 November 2022).
3225:
1420:
In 2024 an interdisciplinary group of experts including
993:
379:
267:
Scale matters in both space and time, and place matters;
30:"Unsustainable" redirects here. Not to be confused with
7265:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
5791:(4th ed.). Harlow, Essex: Pearson Addison Wesley.
5253:
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis
4523:
4068:
Beyond growth: the economics of sustainable development
209:
The 1983 UN Commission on Environment and Development (
105:
are necessary. It would be desirable to find ways that
76:, and the terms are often used to mean the same thing.
9596:
International Conference on Population and Development
5751:
5239:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2653:
Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable?
2299:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License
2115:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1069:. Nature loss results from many factors. They include
9717:
2200:
750:. These include impacts on the atmosphere, land, and
107:
separate economic growth from harming the environment
6198:
4269:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
1492:; and appreciate and celebrate the beauty of nature.
1376:
economies. This inhibits necessary societal change.
6248:"The troubling evolution of corporate greenwashing"
5143:
4574:"Culture: Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development"
4566:
2770:. Thesolutionsjournal.com. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
1535:In 2017 scientists published an update to the 1992
3471:
3469:
3226:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2834:Benson, Melinda Harm; Craig, Robin Kundis (2014).
2756:
2754:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2486:"Degrowth as a Concept and Practice: Introduction"
1850:World Business Council for Sustainable Development
1585:
1409:sustainability transitions is like the concept of
1222:. They also include types of pollution. These are
1186:
988:
434:
231:to meet their own needs". The report helped bring
6063:"Supply Chain Sustainability | UN Global Compact"
5892:
5818:
5816:
3706:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3428:"The Concept of Sustainable Economic Development"
3078:United Nations General Assembly (20 March 1987).
2882:
2739:"Paying for Growth, Prospering from Development."
2442:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2068:Purvis, Ben; Mao, Yong; Robinson, Darren (2019).
2067:
1559:Agenda 2030 for the Sustainable Development Goals
1399:
946:
937:(being fair, diverse, connected and democratic).
904:
718:and pollution. Other global problems are loss of
9813:
6021:. Sustainable Business Institute. Archived from
6000:Center for Business as an Agent of World Benefit
5992:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5163:
4464:
4462:
4460:
3997:(in German). Weilerwist: VelbrĂĽck Wissenschaft.
3313:
3134:
3132:
3109:"University of Alberta: What is sustainability?"
2937:"The Politics of Sustainability and Development"
2141:Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
1596:
647:. This led to the de facto ban of CFCs with the
627:is not a new phenomenon. But it has been only a
8029:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
5822:
5627:
5625:
5470:Noura GuimarĂŁes, Lucas (2020). "Introduction".
5469:
5438:Sustainability transitions: policy and practice
5025:
5023:
4530:Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
3988:
3986:
3814:, A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1, Stockholm, 5–16 June 1972
3571:
3569:
3466:
2977:
2930:
2928:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2751:
2737:Kinsley, M. and Lovins, L.H. (September 1997).
2733:
2731:
2585:
1806:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
757:Human activities now have an impact on Earth's
604:
7289:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
5875:"The Nobel Prize: Women Who Changed the World"
5813:
4654:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3739:
3647:
3595:
2438:
2436:
2230:
1848:, the Sustainable Business Institute, and the
1118:' method of the UN and Metropolis Association.
376:have restricted the use of natural resources.
282:often focuses on the environmental dimension.
9217:
8497:
8330:
7414:
6391:
6179:"Is it Too Late for Sustainable Development?"
5160:
5156:. Vol. 62, no. 3. pp. 282–292.
5149:
4925:Dalal-Clayton, Barry and Sadler, Barry 2009.
4655:Pearce, David W.; Atkinson, Giles D. (1993).
4637:
4635:
4457:
4437:Science Magazine's State of the Planet 2006-7
3992:
3129:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
1970:
1744:. Their agendas are not aligned (for example
1567:United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
1269:. Another would be to reduce consumption and
213:) had a big influence on the use of the term
6432:
5945:
5789:Natural resource and environmental economics
5622:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5259:. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
5020:
4732:
4643:Viewpoint: Weak versus Strong Sustainability
3983:
3733:
3709:Man's role in changing the face of the earth
3566:
3377:
3262:"Hans Carl von Carlowitz and Sustainability"
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
2925:
2822:
2728:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
1921:
1277:. Another would be to develop innovative or
329:The term sustainability is derived from the
9621:United Nations world population conferences
4809:
4807:
4477:(Report). Stockholm Environment Institute.
4393:Environment, Development and Sustainability
3910:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3843:
3619:. Boston: Stockholm Environment Institute.
3487:
3485:
3356:
3101:
2833:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2433:
2353:Sustainable action: overcoming the barriers
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
930:would contribute to social sustainability.
728:environmental impacts of animal agriculture
455:The popular three intersecting circles, or
55:is a social goal for people to co-exist on
9534:Population and housing censuses by country
9224:
9210:
8504:
8490:
7421:
7407:
7360:
6398:
6384:
4820:
4773:
4632:
4594:
4194:Doğu, Feriha Urfalı; Aras, Lerzan (2019).
3071:
3000:
2941:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
2670:
2523:
2407:
2247:
2119:
1140:sustainability standards and certification
954:
887:is just one part of social sustainability.
780:
130:sustainability standards and certification
7300:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
6326:
6222:
6003:. Case Western University. Archived from
5858:
5840:
5660:
5572:
5479:
5382:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5217:
5126:
4986:
4863:
4549:
4482:
4428:
4328:
4213:
4187:
4178:
3950:
3887:
3877:
3817:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3766:
3760:
3683:
3673:
3586:
3380:"Traditional Resource Management Systems"
3331:
3049:
2952:
2908:
2805:
2711:
2701:
2649:
2624:
2568:
2460:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2277:
2267:
2211:
2183:
2093:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
1795:Responses by nongovernmental stakeholders
1730:Sustainable Development Solutions Network
9257:Estimates of historical world population
7328:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
6204:
5250:Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).
5057:"Ten years of nine planetary boundaries"
4804:
4236:
4193:
4154:
4025:
3711:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3648:Ekins, Paul; Zenghelis, Dimitri (2021).
3482:
3218:
3196:
3145:Oxford College of Procurement and Supply
3138:
2503:
2303:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
1860:
1809:
1758:international agreements, treaties, and
1723:
1562:
1316:Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
1301:
1105:
879:
875:
784:
555:
536:
438:
36:
8433:Barriers to pro-environmental behaviour
6176:
6143:
5512:
5351:
4100:
3924:
3425:
3407:. United Nations General Assembly. 2005
3062:United Nations General Assembly (1987)
2934:
2897:Stockholm+50: Unlocking a Better Future
2443:Kuhlman, Tom; Farrington, John (2010).
1592:Sustainable development § Pathways
1571:In 2015, the United Nations agreed the
1550:subsidies to energy production through
1528:sources while phasing out subsidies to
824:Economic development can indeed reduce
493:(also known as the Brundtland Report),
285:
124:. The metrics are evolving and include
14:
9814:
6898:Corporate environmental responsibility
6245:
5747:
5745:
5711:
5286:
5275:
5090:Environmental Science & Technology
4901:Bell, Simon and Morse, Stephen 2008.
4864:Hardyment, Richard (2 February 2024).
3799:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3362:
2483:
2377:
2134:
1926:
1880:received and that we need to care for.
1696:Government action and local governance
1250:. They refer to chemical pollution as
1138:, benchmarks and audits. They include
1029:The opposite concept in that model is
696:UN Conference on the Human Environment
679:UN Conference on the Human Environment
128:, benchmarks and audits. They include
9837:Environmental social science concepts
9205:
8993:Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral
8485:
7402:
6379:
5691:
5602:
5435:European Environment Agency. (2019).
4434:
3187:The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
2954:10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-090039
2026:
1975:Sustainability has a reputation as a
1537:World Scientists' Warning to Humanity
994:Environmental and economic dimensions
855:environmental problems. Poverty also
832:. This is especially the case in the
380:Comparison to sustainable development
9690:
7428:
7271:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
6120:"The Statement — Interfaith Climate"
5758:Creativity and Innovation Management
5397:
5003:"Sustainable Development visualized"
4735:"The concept of weak sustainability"
4064:
3823:
3384:Resource Management and Optimization
3247:participating institution membership
3141:"How sustainable is sustainability?"
2650:Bell, Simon; Morse, Stephen (2012).
2350:
1719:
1701:long run without government action.
1095:
821:(food, water, health, and shelter).
46:as the foundation for the other two.
9626:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
5742:
5474:. Elsevier. pp. xxix–xxxviii.
4578:United Cities and Local Governments
3510:
3285:
3139:Halliday, Mike (21 November 2016).
3001:Harrington, Lisa M. Butler (2016).
1846:Society for Organizational Learning
1764:Nationally Determined Contributions
971:United Cities and Local Governments
318:
27:Societal goal and normative concept
24:
6913:Environmental full-cost accounting
6405:
5701:(4th ed.). London: Macmillan.
5481:10.1016/b978-0-12-819521-5.00026-7
5176:"Scientists' warning on affluence"
5032:"Planetary Boundaries – an update"
4950:, SCOPE 67. Island Press, London.
3419:
3164:
2541:Environmental Science & Policy
2484:Nelson, Anitra (31 January 2024).
1502:Systems-related principles: apply
1360:to the concept of sustainability.
1164:Environmental Sustainability Index
1102:Sustainability metrics and indices
80:distinguishes the two like this: "
25:
9858:
9518:Population and Development Review
8511:
8059:Environmental resource management
6847:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
5609:The Commons Social Change Library
4595:James, Paul; Magee, Liam (2016).
3185:Onions, Charles, T. (ed) (1964).
2490:The Commons Social Change Library
1826:of wood (in a forest in Germany).
1297:
664:history of climate change science
356:. The term for this now would be
202:Sustainability is regarded as a "
9799:
9787:
9775:
9763:
9751:
9739:
9727:
9702:
9701:
9689:
9566:Population concern organizations
9272:Projections of population growth
8465:
7359:
7348:
7347:
7317:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
6302:
6282:
6278:. BNN Bloomberg. 18 August 2018.
6264:
6246:Watson, Bruce (20 August 2016).
6239:
6177:Gambino, Megan (15 March 2012).
6170:
6137:
6112:
6080:
6055:
6029:
6011:
5986:
5939:
5867:
5780:
5705:
5685:
5603:Smith, E. T. (23 January 2024).
5596:
5547:Wilson, Michael (4 April 2024).
5539:
5328:Lecture notes in Economic Growth
5232:
4609:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2760-1
4257:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00339.x
3426:Barbier, Edward B. (July 1987).
2602:. European Environmental Bureau.
2292:
2137:"On Not Defining Sustainability"
2108:
1899:, and embrace frugality. These
1767:such criticism include the WTO,
1510:
1417:these to unsustainable options.
1150:. They also involve indices and
1123:This section is an excerpt from
817:and achieving welfare goals for
748:human impacts on the environment
197:
9667:Human impact on the environment
9601:Population Action International
7501:Human impact on the environment
7486:List of environmental conflicts
6903:Corporate social responsibility
6832:Ocean thermal energy conversion
6771:Community-supported agriculture
6456:Human impact on the environment
5506:
5463:
5428:
5345:
5334:
5319:
5263:
5243:
5075:
5049:
4995:
4962:
4940:
4919:
4767:
4726:
4689:
4648:
4588:
4517:
4491:
4379:
4345:
4302:
4263:
4230:
4142:
4117:
4058:
4019:
3918:
3830:UNEP – UN Environment Programme
3707:William L. Thomas, ed. (1956).
3700:
3641:
3541:
3394:
3378:Gadgil, M.; Berkes, F. (1991).
3371:
3306:
3279:
3254:
3179:
3158:
3088:United Nations General Assembly
2901:Stockholm Environment Institute
2840:Society & Natural Resources
2807:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102222
2773:
2643:
2618:
2605:
1873:UN Climate Summit in Paris 2015
1760:intergovernmental organizations
1586:Options for overcoming barriers
1291:Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
1252:introduction of novel entities.
1187:Environmental impacts of humans
1168:Environmental Performance Index
989:Interactions between dimensions
703:In 2000, the UN launched eight
616:issues. These included natural
611:Human impact on the environment
435:Development of three dimensions
9616:United Nations Population Fund
9231:
7820:List of environmental killings
7143:Socially responsible marketing
5640:Environmental Research Letters
3266:Environment and Society Portal
2477:
1884:
1400:Components and characteristics
1394:
1012:weak and strong sustainability
1000:Weak and strong sustainability
947:Proposed additional dimensions
838:Sustainable Development Goal 8
192:
94:weak and strong sustainability
13:
1:
9847:Human-Environment interaction
9014:The Moon and the Sledgehammer
7666:Bright green environmentalism
7334:Sustainable Development Goals
7138:Socially responsible business
6224:10.1080/23269995.2017.1300415
5993:Zhexembayeva, N. (May 2007).
5972:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127973
5952:Journal of Cleaner Production
5925:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007
5905:Journal of Cleaner Production
4906:. Measuring the Immeasurable?
4761:10.1016/S0921-8009(96)80003-6
4712:10.5840/enviroethics200123225
4296:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.059
4276:Journal of Cleaner Production
3027:10.1080/23754931.2016.1239222
2355:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
2019:
2009:List of sustainability topics
1867:Religion and environmentalism
1799:
1597:Issues around economic growth
1573:Sustainable Development Goals
1471:
1336:has developed the concept of
1248:change in biosphere integrity
1160:Triple Bottom Line accounting
1080:
566:sustainable development goals
527:Sustainable Development Goals
429:
390:The terms sustainability and
358:sustainable forest management
146:Triple Bottom Line accounting
7838:Environmentalism of the poor
7711:Free-market environmentalism
6368:Resources in other libraries
6148:. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media.
5842:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001405
5692:Pigou, Arthur Cecil (1932).
4908:2nd edn. London: Earthscan.
4733:Cabeza Gutés, Maite (1996).
4683:10.1016/0921-8009(93)90039-9
4551:10.1016/j.cosust.2020.04.003
3581:. Vol. 16, no. 1.
2860:10.1080/08941920.2014.901467
2561:10.1016/j.envsci.2020.06.016
1950:
1742:International Criminal Court
1170:. Some methods let us track
705:Millennium Development Goals
605:Environmental sustainability
532:
352:(1645–1714), and applied to
311:Oxford Dictionary of English
7:
9832:Economics of sustainability
9641:World Population Foundation
9631:World Population Conference
9544:World population milestones
8054:Natural resource management
7973:Sustainability organization
7444:Outline of environmentalism
7163:Sustainability organization
6948:Standards and certification
6539:Social return on investment
6144:McDilda, Diane Gow (2007).
5712:Jaeger, William K. (2005).
5441:. LU: Publications Office.
5287:Jaeger, William K. (2005).
5061:Stockholm Resilience Centre
5036:Stockholm Resilience Centre
4599:. In Farazmand, Ali (ed.).
4597:"Domains of Sustainability"
3993:Wilhelm Krull, ed. (2000).
3172:Online Etymology Dictionary
3007:Papers in Applied Geography
2786:Global Environmental Change
2625:Hardyment, Richard (2024).
2002:
1979:. People may use the terms
1854:Supply chain sustainability
1520:. Others are promoting new
1480:Nature-related principles:
1406:European Environment Agency
1343:
1332:In recent years, economist
1318:project from 2007 to 2011.
1226:(nitrogen and phosphorus),
1016:weak sustainability concept
848:The Brundtland report says
654:In the early 20th century,
10:
9863:
9513:Population and Environment
7848:Hairshirt environmentalism
6588:Systemic change resistance
5202:10.1038/s41467-020-16941-y
4774:Bosselmann, Klaus (2017).
4026:Redclift, Michael (2005).
3826:"Making Peace With Nature"
3767:Arrhenius, Svante (1896).
3675:10.1007/s11625-021-00910-5
3432:Environmental Conservation
2248:Bosselmann, Klaus (2010).
2135:Ramsey, Jeffry L. (2015).
1971:Confusion and greenwashing
1888:
1864:
1816:Forest Stewardship Council
1803:
1600:
1589:
1190:
1131:Sustainability measurement
1125:Sustainability measurement
1122:
1099:
1024:environmental technologies
1003:
997:
958:
872:and economic development.
815:environmental conservation
746:. Many people worry about
662:on the climate (see also:
643:(CFCs) were depleting the
608:
383:
322:
99:environmental conservation
29:
9842:Environmental terminology
9685:
9649:
9574:
9526:
9505:
9423:Human population planning
9388:
9334:
9285:
9247:Demographics of the world
9239:
9051:
8984:
8933:
8827:
8771:
8763:Twelve Tribes communities
8670:
8519:
8461:
8425:
8304:
8193:
8136:Anti-incinerator movement
8101:
7999:Climate change mitigation
7981:
7908:Cultural environmentalism
7875:
7843:Environmental stewardship
7828:
7802:
7759:
7653:
7640:Resacralization of nature
7602:
7595:
7509:
7453:
7438:
7343:
7254:
7191:
6963:
6890:
6799:
6766:Climate-smart agriculture
6751:
6723:
6680:
6634:
6601:
6474:
6431:
6413:
6363:Resources in your library
6124:www.interfaithclimate.org
5565:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae106
5325:Groth, Christian (2014).
4948:Sustainability Indicators
4904:Sustainability Indicators
4414:10.1007/s10668-012-9384-2
3925:Crutzen, Paul J. (2002).
3785:10.1080/14786449608620846
3579:Swiss Academies Factsheet
3452:10.1017/S0376892900011449
3367:. BLV Publishing Company.
3234:Oxford English Dictionary
3204:"Sustainability Theories"
2445:"What is Sustainability?"
2415:"Sustainable Development"
2213:10.1017/9781009082945.007
2161:10.1007/s10806-015-9578-3
2095:10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5
2014:Outline of sustainability
1922:Assessments and reactions
1732:(SDSN) Chapter Indonesia
1116:Circles of Sustainability
981:approach, which included
979:Circles of Sustainability
834:least developed countries
153:sustainability transition
122:sustainability indicators
9428:Compulsory sterilization
8218:Conspicuous conservation
8034:Environmentally friendly
8019:Environmental protection
8014:Environmental personhood
7863:Radical environmentalism
7815:Environmental skepticism
7615:Environmental philosophy
6908:Environmental accounting
6657:Sustainable architecture
6647:Environmental technology
5695:The Economics of Welfare
5662:10.1088/1748-9326/ab842a
5414:10.14282/2198-0403-GD-14
5398:Berg, Christian (2017).
4778:(2nd ed.). London:
4065:Daly, Herman E. (1996).
3740:Carson, Rachel (2002) .
3534:28 November 2020 at the
2351:Berg, Christian (2020).
1909:sustainable architecture
1156:sustainability reporting
920:intergenerational equity
740:marine plastic pollution
658:discussed the effect of
476:industrialized countries
426:for future generations.
424:environmental protection
362:Silvicultura oeconomica,
348:in German, goes back to
142:sustainability reporting
9370:Malthusian growth model
8753:Testimony of simplicity
8671:Religious and spiritual
8632:Subsistence agriculture
8627:Slow movement (culture)
8009:Ecological civilization
6781:Sustainable agriculture
6067:www.unglobalcompact.org
5513:Kuenkel, Petra (2019).
5111:10.1021/acs.est.1c04158
5007:Sustainability concepts
4867:Measuring Good Business
4237:Davidson, Mark (2010).
4032:Sustainable Development
3547:Scott Cato, M. (2009).
3333:10.1111/1758-5899.13160
3292:digital.slub-dresden.de
3239:Oxford University Press
2903:(Report). 18 May 2022.
2836:"End of Sustainability"
2748:Retrieved 15 June 2009.
2656:. Abington: Routledge.
2629:. Abingdon: Routledge.
2394:Encyclopedia Britannica
1985:sustainable development
1616:Eco-economic decoupling
1603:Eco-economic decoupling
1490:precautionary principle
1486:polluter-pays principle
1350:sustainability barriers
1312:environmental economics
1176:Human Development Index
1174:. These include the UN
1172:sustainable development
983:cultural sustainability
961:Cultural sustainability
955:Cultural sustainability
803:sustainable development
781:Economic sustainability
625:Environmental pollution
392:sustainable development
386:Sustainable development
350:Hans Carl von Carlowitz
237:sustainable development
219:sustainable development
86:sustainable development
74:sustainable development
9497:Zero population growth
9492:Sustainable population
9416:Malthusian catastrophe
9375:Overshoot (population)
9252:Demographic transition
9084:Appropriate technology
8642:Sustainable sanitation
8587:Low-impact development
8472:Environment portal
8453:Tragedy of the commons
8317:Environmental defender
8004:Conservation community
7933:Environmental defender
7883:Anti-fracking movement
7794:Stewardship (theology)
7476:Environmental movement
7471:Environmental conflict
7324:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
7193:Sustainable management
7178:Urban drainage systems
6918:Environmental planning
6882:Water recycling shower
6872:Tidal stream generator
6667:Sustainable industries
6626:Sustainable population
6611:Demographic transition
6593:Tragedy of the commons
5605:"Practising Commoning"
5352:Raworth, Kate (2017).
3654:Sustainability Science
3588:10.5281/zenodo.4457298
3475:Bosselmann, K. (2022)
3363:Basler, Ernst (1972).
2074:Sustainability Science
1961:recycling your rubbish
1882:
1827:
1824:sustainable production
1733:
1568:
1434:Kamanamaikalani Beamer
1307:
1119:
1075:invasive alien species
941:Indigenous communities
928:vulnerable populations
888:
794:
701:
588:SDG wedding cake model
569:
553:
523:
496:
448:
172:sanctioning mechanisms
118:measure sustainability
62:environmental problems
47:
9606:Population Connection
9470:Mere addition paradox
9309:Physiological density
9000:Escape from Affluenza
8577:Intentional community
8251:The Lord of the Rings
8071:Short-haul flight ban
7938:Environmental justice
7903:Conservation movement
7888:Anti-nuclear movement
7810:Anti-environmentalism
7496:Environmental studies
7216:Humanistic capitalism
7031:Environmental finance
6672:Sustainable packaging
5181:Nature Communications
4946:Hak, T. et al. 2007.
4929:. London: Earthscan.
4876:10.4324/9781003457732
4870:. London: Routledge.
3879:10.1093/biosci/bix125
2935:Scoones, Ian (2016).
2766:11 April 2016 at the
1913:zero emission housing
1905:sustainable transport
1889:Further information:
1877:
1865:Further information:
1861:Religious communities
1822:is meant to indicate
1813:
1727:
1709:Nobel economics prize
1601:Further information:
1590:Further information:
1566:
1305:
1191:Further information:
1180:ecological footprints
1109:
1100:Further information:
1031:strong sustainability
1026:to reduce pollution.
1014:. In that model, the
998:Further information:
967:Agenda 21 for culture
959:Further information:
883:
876:Social sustainability
788:
684:
609:Further information:
559:
540:
509:
480:
442:
384:Further information:
370:traditional societies
323:Further information:
211:Brundtland Commission
180:live more sustainably
116:It is challenging to
40:
9636:World Population Day
9591:Church of Euthanasia
9480:Non-identity problem
9455:Political demography
9411:Human overpopulation
9124:Front Porch Republic
9114:Ecological footprint
8934:Modern-day adherents
8024:Environmental policy
7833:Biophilia hypothesis
7736:Green libertarianism
7183:Urban infrastructure
6877:Water heat recycling
6700:Conservation biology
6544:Steady-state economy
6519:Micro-sustainability
6504:Ecological footprint
6461:Planetary boundaries
6184:Smithsonian Magazine
4740:Ecological Economics
4699:Environmental Ethics
4662:Ecological Economics
4484:10.51414/sei2022.010
3927:"Geology of mankind"
3206:. World Ocean Review
2910:10.51414/sei2022.011
2744:17 July 2011 at the
1937:The Limits to Growth
1831:Sustainable business
1611:Steady-state economy
1327:social discount rate
1244:atmospheric aerosols
1215:planetary boundaries
1197:Ecological footprint
1193:Planetary boundaries
1054:World Economic Forum
912:empowerment of women
870:ecological footprint
807:economic development
769:to call the current
551:environmental limits
472:developing countries
416:economic development
286:Specific definitions
272:planetary boundaries
176:sustainable business
42:dimensions, putting
32:Unsustainable (song)
9485:Reproductive rights
9316:Population dynamics
9267:Population momentum
9191:Work–life interface
9074:Anarcho-primitivism
8915:Henry David Thoreau
8799:Open Source Ecology
8388:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
7963:Product stewardship
7948:Ethical consumerism
7858:Nature conservation
7630:Earth jurisprudence
7284:Earth Summit (1992)
6938:Metrics and indices
6791:Sustainable fishery
6710:Holocene extinction
6529:Product stewardship
6499:Earth Overshoot Day
6328:10.3390/su152015054
6260:on 18 October 2016.
6100:on 22 December 2015
6043:on 9 September 2007
5964:2021JCPro.31427973N
5917:2016JCPro.114...11G
5653:2020ERL....15f5003H
5194:2020NatCo..11.3107W
5103:2022EnST...56.1510P
4753:1996EcoEc..17..147C
4675:1993EcoEc...8..103P
4542:2020COES...43...77V
4503:www.regional.org.au
4406:2013EDSus..15..225M
4288:2017JCPro.140...42M
3943:2002Natur.415...23C
3666:2021SuSc...16..949E
3444:1987EnvCo..14..101B
3326:: 1758–5899.13160.
3237:(Online ed.).
3019:2016PAGeo...2..365H
2852:2014SNatR..27..777B
2798:2021GEC....6802222A
2553:2020ESPol.112..236V
2153:2015JAEE...28.1075R
2086:2019SuSc...14..681P
1927:Impossible to reach
1897:ethical consumerism
1707:(winner of the 2009
1363:Other barriers are
1228:ocean acidification
744:ocean acidification
641:chlorofluorocarbons
574:Planetary integrity
549:are constrained by
278:In everyday usage,
9611:Population Matters
9326:Population pyramid
9304:Population density
9299:Population decline
9149:Intentional living
9035:Small Is Beautiful
8910:George Skene Keith
8758:Tolstoyan movement
8657:War tax resistance
8637:Sustainable living
8403:Theodore Roosevelt
8338:Sunderlal Bahuguna
7721:Green conservatism
6743:Sustainable energy
6705:Endangered species
6662:Sustainable design
6576:Consumer behaviour
5766:10.1111/caim.12622
5716:. Washington, DC:
5517:. Cham: Springer.
5293:. Washington, DC:
5153:American Scientist
4988:10.3390/su11072164
4956:2011-12-18 at the
4584:on 3 October 2013.
4443:. pp. 13–21.
4215:10.3390/su11092503
3858:Ripple, William J.
1901:sustainable living
1891:Sustainable living
1835:triple bottom line
1828:
1734:
1633:emission intensity
1620:environmental bads
1569:
1522:green technologies
1411:energy transitions
1374:competitive market
1338:doughnut economics
1308:
1279:green technologies
1275:energy consumption
1267:population control
1120:
1067:food and beverages
924:social safety nets
889:
845:the environment.
795:
720:ecosystem services
570:
562:wedding cake model
554:
449:
420:social development
408:ecosystem services
374:indigenous peoples
270:Limits exist (see
229:future generations
48:
9715:
9714:
9586:7 Billion Actions
9460:Population ethics
9353:Carrying capacity
9262:Population growth
9199:
9198:
9159:Rainbow Gathering
9028:The Power of Half
9021:Mother Earth News
8840:Ernest Callenbach
8772:Secular movements
8479:
8478:
8421:
8420:
8305:Environmentalists
8124:Rio Grande do Sul
7893:Car-free movement
7871:
7870:
7746:Green syndicalism
7610:Political ecology
7466:Ecological crisis
7396:
7395:
7322:Earth Summit 2002
7305:Lisbon Principles
7277:Our Common Future
6955:Sustainable yield
6761:Civic agriculture
6514:Green consumption
6451:Global governance
6349:Library resources
6298:. 18 August 2011.
6205:BlĂĽhdorn (2017).
6155:978-1-59869-425-3
6037:"About the WBCSD"
5879:thenobelprize.org
5798:978-0-321-41753-4
5727:978-1-4416-0111-7
5524:978-3-030-03691-1
5491:978-0-12-819521-5
5367:978-1-84794-138-1
5304:978-1-4416-0111-7
4935:978-1-84407-357-3
4914:978-1-84407-299-6
4885:978-1-003-45773-2
4789:978-1-4724-8128-3
4618:978-3-319-31816-5
4330:10.3390/su8090878
4244:Geography Compass
4180:10.3390/su8090878
3872:(12): 1026–1028.
3753:978-0-618-24906-0
3746:. Mariner Books.
3561:978-1-84407-571-3
3245:(Subscription or
3165:Harper, Douglas.
2703:10.3390/su9020165
2663:978-1-84407-299-6
2462:10.3390/su2113436
2455:(11): 3436–3448.
2362:978-0-429-57873-1
2269:10.3390/su2082424
2223:978-1-316-51429-0
1957:saving the planet
1943:sustainability a
1728:Launch of the UN
1720:Global governance
1438:Christopher Field
1426:William J. Ripple
1220:biodiversity loss
1211:sustainable yield
1207:carrying capacity
1096:Measurement tools
922:. Providing more
649:Montreal Protocol
490:Our Common Future
404:natural resources
400:human development
342:natural resources
302:natural resources
255:adaptive capacity
224:Our Common Future
204:normative concept
70:biodiversity loss
16:(Redirected from
9854:
9827:Environmentalism
9804:
9803:
9792:
9791:
9782:Renewable energy
9780:
9779:
9768:
9767:
9756:
9755:
9744:
9743:
9742:
9732:
9731:
9730:
9723:
9705:
9704:
9693:
9692:
9662:Green Revolution
9443:Two-child policy
9438:One-child policy
9361:
9321:Population model
9277:World population
9226:
9219:
9212:
9203:
9202:
9099:Critique of work
9079:Anti-consumerism
8946:Robin Greenfield
8905:E. F. Schumacher
8845:G. K. Chesterton
8779:Back-to-the-land
8617:Self-sufficiency
8557:Forest gardening
8506:
8499:
8492:
8483:
8482:
8470:
8469:
8358:Jacques Cousteau
8328:
8327:
8312:Environmentalist
8066:Rights of nature
7989:Circular economy
7958:Impact investing
7928:Ecological grief
7898:Climate movement
7731:Green liberalism
7600:
7599:
7445:
7432:
7431:Environmentalism
7423:
7416:
7409:
7400:
7399:
7363:
7362:
7351:
7350:
7295:Agenda 21 (1992)
7266:
7231:Natural resource
7118:Organic movement
7093:Impact investing
6812:Hydroelectricity
6786:Sustainable diet
6738:Renewable energy
6733:Carbon footprint
6715:Invasive species
6652:Natural building
6603:World population
6564:Marketing myopia
6524:Over-consumption
6494:Circular economy
6489:Anti-consumerism
6446:Environmentalism
6400:
6393:
6386:
6377:
6376:
6341:
6340:
6330:
6306:
6300:
6299:
6295:The Conversation
6286:
6280:
6279:
6276:www.bloomberg.ca
6268:
6262:
6261:
6256:. Archived from
6243:
6237:
6236:
6226:
6211:Global Discourse
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6099:
6093:. Archived from
6092:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6007:on 13 June 2010.
5990:
5984:
5983:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5844:
5835:(10): e1001405.
5820:
5811:
5810:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5749:
5740:
5739:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5664:
5629:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5576:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5483:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5405:Global Dialogues
5395:
5380:
5379:
5349:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5284:
5273:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5247:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5221:
5171:
5158:
5157:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5130:
5097:(3): 1510–1521.
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5027:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4966:
4960:
4944:
4938:
4923:
4917:
4899:
4890:
4889:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4824:
4818:
4811:
4802:
4801:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4580:. Archived from
4570:
4564:
4563:
4553:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4476:
4466:
4455:
4454:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4332:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4121:
4115:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4073:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4023:
4017:
4016:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3954:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3901:
3891:
3881:
3854:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3808:
3797:
3796:
3779:(251): 237–276.
3764:
3758:
3757:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3687:
3677:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3610:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3573:
3564:
3545:
3539:
3521:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3489:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3335:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3230:
3228:"sustainability"
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3200:
3194:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3113:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3075:
3069:
3060:
3047:
3046:
2998:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2893:
2880:
2879:
2831:
2820:
2819:
2809:
2777:
2771:
2758:
2749:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2705:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2596:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2532:
2521:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2390:"Sustainability"
2386:
2375:
2374:
2348:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2262:(8): 2424–2448.
2245:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2198:
2181:
2180:
2147:(6): 1075–1087.
2132:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2097:
2065:
1839:circular economy
1526:renewable energy
1504:systems thinking
1354:value-action gap
1283:renewable energy
1263:human population
1006:Sustainable city
791:circular economy
771:geological epoch
724:land degradation
699:
670:in 1988 and the
660:greenhouse gases
521:
494:
319:Historical usage
21:
9862:
9861:
9857:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9852:
9851:
9812:
9811:
9810:
9798:
9786:
9774:
9762:
9750:
9740:
9738:
9728:
9726:
9718:
9716:
9711:
9681:
9645:
9579:
9577:
9570:
9522:
9501:
9450:Overconsumption
9433:Family planning
9390:
9384:
9357:
9341:
9338:
9330:
9292:
9289:
9281:
9235:
9230:
9200:
9195:
9129:Green anarchism
9047:
8980:
8929:
8828:Notable writers
8823:
8819:Transition town
8767:
8723:New Monasticism
8666:
8515:
8510:
8480:
8475:
8464:
8457:
8448:Lifeboat ethics
8438:Business ethics
8417:
8383:Wangari Maathai
8343:Murray Bookchin
8326:
8322:Water protector
8300:
8189:
8148:Chipko movement
8097:
7977:
7943:Ethical banking
7867:
7824:
7798:
7755:
7716:Green anarchism
7691:Eco-nationalism
7661:Bioconservatism
7649:
7591:
7505:
7461:Climate justice
7449:
7443:
7434:
7430:
7427:
7397:
7392:
7339:
7264:
7256:
7255:Agreements and
7250:
7187:
6991:Climate finance
6959:
6886:
6842:Reclaimed water
6795:
6747:
6719:
6676:
6630:
6616:Family planning
6597:
6470:
6427:
6409:
6404:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6345:
6344:
6307:
6303:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6270:
6269:
6265:
6244:
6240:
6203:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6175:
6171:
6156:
6142:
6138:
6128:
6126:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6071:
6069:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6025:on 17 May 2009.
6017:
6016:
6012:
5991:
5987:
5944:
5940:
5897:
5893:
5883:
5881:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5821:
5814:
5799:
5785:
5781:
5750:
5743:
5728:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5690:
5686:
5630:
5623:
5613:
5611:
5601:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5544:
5540:
5525:
5511:
5507:
5492:
5468:
5464:
5457:
5433:
5429:
5396:
5383:
5368:
5350:
5346:
5339:
5335:
5324:
5320:
5305:
5285:
5276:
5268:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5244:
5172:
5161:
5148:
5144:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5063:. November 2019
5055:
5054:
5050:
5040:
5038:
5028:
5021:
5011:
5009:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4967:
4963:
4958:Wayback Machine
4945:
4941:
4924:
4920:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4825:
4821:
4812:
4805:
4790:
4772:
4768:
4731:
4727:
4694:
4690:
4653:
4649:
4640:
4633:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4593:
4589:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4474:
4467:
4458:
4451:
4433:
4429:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4350:
4346:
4307:
4303:
4268:
4264:
4235:
4231:
4192:
4188:
4159:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4105:
4101:
4086:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4024:
4020:
4005:
3991:
3984:
3952:10.1038/415023a
3923:
3919:
3903:
3902:
3855:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3738:
3734:
3719:
3705:
3701:
3646:
3642:
3627:
3611:
3596:
3574:
3567:
3549:Green Economics
3546:
3542:
3536:Wayback Machine
3522:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3474:
3467:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3376:
3372:
3361:
3357:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3286:Dresden, SLUB.
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3244:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3191:Clarendon Press
3184:
3180:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3137:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3076:
3072:
3061:
3050:
2999:
2978:
2933:
2926:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2832:
2823:
2778:
2774:
2768:Wayback Machine
2759:
2752:
2746:Wayback Machine
2736:
2729:
2680:
2671:
2664:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2597:
2586:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2482:
2478:
2441:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2421:. 3 August 2015
2413:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2363:
2349:
2304:
2246:
2231:
2224:
2199:
2184:
2133:
2120:
2066:
2027:
2022:
2005:
1973:
1953:
1929:
1924:
1893:
1887:
1869:
1863:
1818:(FSC) seal for
1808:
1802:
1797:
1722:
1698:
1653:rebound effects
1647:feasibility of
1638:
1613:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1561:
1524:, and adopting
1518:fertility rates
1513:
1474:
1450:Michael E. Mann
1402:
1397:
1346:
1300:
1240:ozone depletion
1203:ecological debt
1199:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1128:
1104:
1098:
1083:
1071:land use change
1043:climate systems
1020:natural capital
1008:
1002:
996:
991:
975:cultural policy
963:
957:
949:
935:quality of life
878:
783:
752:water resources
736:water pollution
700:
694:
613:
607:
535:
522:
516:
500:Rio Declaration
495:
487:
443:Sustainability
437:
432:
388:
382:
327:
321:
288:
200:
195:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9860:
9850:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9822:Sustainability
9809:
9808:
9796:
9784:
9772:
9760:
9748:
9736:
9734:Earth sciences
9713:
9712:
9710:
9709:
9699:
9686:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9679:
9677:Sustainability
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9653:
9651:
9650:Related topics
9647:
9646:
9644:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9582:
9580:
9575:
9572:
9571:
9569:
9568:
9563:
9562:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9541:
9539:Largest cities
9536:
9530:
9528:
9524:
9523:
9521:
9520:
9515:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9502:
9500:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9488:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9446:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9420:
9419:
9418:
9408:
9400:
9394:
9392:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9359:I = P × A  × T
9355:
9350:
9344:
9342:
9335:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9301:
9295:
9293:
9286:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9243:
9241:
9237:
9236:
9229:
9228:
9221:
9214:
9206:
9197:
9196:
9194:
9193:
9188:
9186:Sustainability
9183:
9178:
9173:
9171:Low-technology
9168:
9163:
9162:
9161:
9156:
9146:
9141:
9139:Global warming
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9055:
9053:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9045:
9038:
9031:
9024:
9017:
9010:
9003:
8996:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8956:Pentti Linkola
8953:
8948:
8943:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8870:Harlan Hubbard
8867:
8865:Tom Hodgkinson
8862:
8857:
8855:Mahatma Gandhi
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8831:
8829:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8775:
8773:
8769:
8768:
8766:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8703:Jesus movement
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8674:
8672:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8582:Local currency
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8523:
8521:
8517:
8516:
8509:
8508:
8501:
8494:
8486:
8477:
8476:
8462:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8429:
8427:
8426:Related topics
8423:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8415:
8413:Greta Thunberg
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8334:
8332:
8331:Notable people
8325:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8308:
8306:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8298:
8293:
8292:
8291:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8265:
8264:
8254:
8247:
8242:
8241:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8220:
8215:
8214:
8213:
8203:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8187:
8182:
8180:United Kingdom
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8093:
8083:
8078:
8076:Sustainability
8073:
8068:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7994:Climate action
7991:
7985:
7983:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7918:Earth Optimism
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7879:
7877:
7873:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7769:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7741:Green politics
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7676:Eco-capitalism
7673:
7668:
7663:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7645:Social ecology
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7606:
7604:
7597:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7584:
7582:Social science
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7513:
7511:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7457:
7455:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7439:
7436:
7435:
7426:
7425:
7418:
7411:
7403:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7383:
7376:
7369:
7357:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7331:
7330:(Rio+20, 2012)
7325:
7319:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7281:
7273:
7268:
7260:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7197:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7076:Infrastructure
7073:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7006:Eco-capitalism
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6923:Sustainability
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6894:
6892:
6891:Accountability
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6757:
6755:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6607:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6549:Sustainability
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6484:Anthropization
6480:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6407:Sustainability
6403:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6380:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6354:Sustainability
6347:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6315:Sustainability
6301:
6281:
6263:
6238:
6197:
6169:
6154:
6136:
6111:
6079:
6054:
6028:
6010:
5985:
5938:
5891:
5866:
5812:
5797:
5779:
5741:
5726:
5704:
5684:
5621:
5595:
5559:(4): pgae106.
5538:
5523:
5505:
5490:
5462:
5455:
5447:10.2800/641030
5427:
5381:
5366:
5344:
5333:
5318:
5303:
5274:
5262:
5242:
5159:
5142:
5074:
5048:
5019:
4994:
4975:Sustainability
4961:
4939:
4918:
4891:
4884:
4853:
4846:
4819:
4803:
4788:
4766:
4747:(3): 147–156.
4725:
4706:(2): 155–168.
4688:
4669:(2): 103–108.
4647:
4631:
4617:
4587:
4565:
4516:
4490:
4456:
4449:
4427:
4400:(1): 225–243.
4378:
4371:
4344:
4316:Sustainability
4301:
4262:
4251:(7): 872–880.
4229:
4201:Sustainability
4186:
4167:Sustainability
4153:
4141:
4116:
4099:
4084:
4057:
4044:10.1002/sd.281
4038:(4): 212–227.
4018:
4003:
3995:Zukunftsstreit
3982:
3917:
3842:
3816:
3798:
3759:
3752:
3732:
3717:
3699:
3660:(3): 949–965.
3640:
3625:
3594:
3565:
3540:
3509:
3481:
3465:
3438:(2): 101–110.
3418:
3393:
3370:
3355:
3305:
3278:
3253:
3217:
3195:
3178:
3157:
3128:
3100:
3070:
3048:
3013:(4): 365–382.
2976:
2947:(1): 293–319.
2924:
2881:
2846:(7): 777–782.
2821:
2772:
2750:
2727:
2689:Sustainability
2669:
2662:
2642:
2635:
2617:
2604:
2584:
2522:
2502:
2476:
2449:Sustainability
2432:
2406:
2376:
2361:
2302:
2255:Sustainability
2229:
2222:
2182:
2118:
2080:(3): 681–695.
2024:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1981:sustainability
1972:
1969:
1952:
1949:
1933:Dennis Meadows
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1886:
1883:
1862:
1859:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1721:
1718:
1697:
1694:
1672:Business Model
1636:
1624:economic goods
1598:
1595:
1587:
1584:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1544:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1473:
1470:
1430:Phoebe Barnard
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1345:
1342:
1299:
1298:Economic costs
1296:
1224:biogeochemical
1213:. The idea of
1188:
1185:
1129:
1121:
1097:
1094:
1082:
1079:
995:
992:
990:
987:
956:
953:
948:
945:
916:social justice
898:meaning-making
885:Social justice
877:
874:
836:. That is why
830:energy poverty
782:
779:
712:climate change
692:
606:
603:
534:
531:
514:
485:
461:Edward Barbier
436:
433:
431:
428:
381:
378:
346:Nachhaltigkeit
320:
317:
306:
305:
298:
295:
287:
284:
280:sustainability
276:
275:
268:
265:
262:
251:
233:sustainability
221:. The report,
215:sustainability
199:
196:
194:
191:
82:Sustainability
66:climate change
53:Sustainability
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9859:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9817:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9747:
9737:
9735:
9725:
9724:
9721:
9708:
9700:
9698:
9697:
9688:
9687:
9684:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9657:Bennett's law
9655:
9654:
9652:
9648:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9578:organizations
9573:
9567:
9564:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9531:
9529:
9525:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9504:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9425:
9424:
9421:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9405:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9387:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9365:Kaya identity
9363:
9360:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9333:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9310:
9307:
9306:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9284:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9227:
9222:
9220:
9215:
9213:
9208:
9207:
9204:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9134:The good life
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9056:
9054:
9050:
9044:
9043:
9039:
9037:
9036:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9007:The Good Life
9004:
9002:
9001:
8997:
8994:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8983:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8966:Peace Pilgrim
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8951:Ted Kaczynski
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8932:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8900:Dugald Semple
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8890:Peace Pilgrim
8888:
8886:
8885:Scott Nearing
8883:
8881:
8880:Helen Nearing
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8860:Richard Gregg
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8835:Wendell Berry
8833:
8832:
8830:
8826:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8789:Environmental
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8770:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8669:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8652:Vegetarianism
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8513:Simple living
8507:
8502:
8500:
8495:
8493:
8488:
8487:
8484:
8474:
8473:
8468:
8460:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8353:Rachel Carson
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8329:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8303:
8297:
8294:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8263:
8262:Ecomusicology
8260:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8252:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8192:
8186:
8185:United States
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8144:
8141:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8100:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8081:Vegetarianism
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8044:Green economy
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7980:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7968:Slow movement
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7874:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7764:
7762:
7758:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7701:Eco-terrorism
7699:
7697:
7696:Eco-socialism
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7671:Disinvestment
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7652:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7603:Philosophical
7601:
7598:
7594:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7517:Communication
7515:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7491:Organizations
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7446:
7441:
7440:
7437:
7433:
7424:
7419:
7417:
7412:
7410:
7405:
7404:
7401:
7389:
7388:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7312:
7311:Earth Charter
7309:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7253:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7201:Environmental
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7133:Refurbishment
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7123:Organizations
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7036:Green economy
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7021:Eco-socialism
7019:
7017:
7016:Eco-investing
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
7001:Disinvestment
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6953:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6822:Marine energy
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6776:Cultured meat
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6534:Simple living
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6401:
6396:
6394:
6389:
6387:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6338:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6321:(20): 15054.
6320:
6316:
6312:
6305:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6285:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6242:
6234:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6201:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6173:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6151:
6147:
6140:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6096:
6089:
6083:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6024:
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5918:
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3827:
3824:UNEP (2021).
3820:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3743:Silent Spring
3736:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3718:0-226-79604-3
3714:
3710:
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3626:0-9712418-1-3
3622:
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3605:
3603:
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3589:
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3558:
3555:, pp. 36–37.
3554:
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3533:
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3526:
3520:
3518:
3516:
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3494:
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3325:
3321:
3320:Global Policy
3317:
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3267:
3263:
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3248:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3229:
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2691:
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2676:
2674:
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2636:9781032601199
2632:
2628:
2621:
2614:
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2601:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2580:
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2337:
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2307:
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2275:
2270:
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2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2242:
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2238:
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2234:
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2205:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2174:
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2166:
2162:
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2125:
2123:
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2111:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
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2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1821:
1820:wood products
1817:
1812:
1807:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:Elinor Ostrom
1702:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:polluter pays
1682:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1661:externalities
1656:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:meta-analysis
1640:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1593:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1511:Example steps
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:Naomi Oreskes
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:Chip Fletcher
1418:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1392:
1390:
1389:short-termism
1386:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:systems like
1141:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1039:fertile soils
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1001:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
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882:
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846:
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816:
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804:
800:
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787:
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776:
772:
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764:
760:
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737:
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729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
697:
691:
689:
683:
680:
677:In 1972, the
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
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612:
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595:
593:
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580:
577:
575:
567:
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530:
528:
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513:
508:
506:
501:
492:
491:
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479:
477:
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464:
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441:
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425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
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396:
393:
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377:
375:
371:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
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343:
338:
336:
332:
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316:
313:
312:
303:
299:
296:
293:
292:
291:
283:
281:
273:
269:
266:
263:
260:
259:vulnerability
256:
252:
249:
248:fuzzy concept
245:
244:
243:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
198:Current usage
190:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:systems like
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
39:
33:
19:
9694:
9676:
9506:Publications
9465:Antinatalism
9403:
9380:World3 model
9240:Major topics
9185:
9144:Hedonophobia
9104:Deep ecology
9040:
9033:
9026:
9019:
9012:
9005:
8998:
8875:Satish Kumar
8733:Plain people
8698:Distributism
8612:Sattvic diet
8602:Permaculture
8597:Off-the-grid
8572:Gift economy
8542:Downshifting
8532:Cord-cutting
8463:
8408:ShĹŤzĹŤ Tanaka
8393:Chico Mendes
8378:Aldo Leopold
8368:Tim Flannery
8348:David Brower
8296:Publications
8250:
8170:South Africa
8091:Tree sitting
8075:
8049:Greenwashing
7953:Flight shame
7772:Christianity
7706:Ecomodernism
7625:Deep ecology
7385:
7378:
7371:
7364:
7352:
7276:
7041:Construction
6964:Applications
6922:
6682:Biodiversity
6570:
6548:
6441:Anthropocene
6406:
6353:
6318:
6314:
6304:
6293:
6284:
6275:
6266:
6258:the original
6253:The Guardian
6251:
6241:
6217:(1): 42–61.
6214:
6210:
6200:
6188:. Retrieved
6182:
6172:
6145:
6139:
6127:. Retrieved
6123:
6114:
6102:. Retrieved
6095:the original
6082:
6070:. Retrieved
6066:
6057:
6045:. Retrieved
6041:the original
6031:
6023:the original
6013:
6005:the original
5998:
5988:
5955:
5951:
5941:
5908:
5904:
5894:
5882:. Retrieved
5878:
5869:
5832:
5829:PLOS Biology
5828:
5788:
5782:
5757:
5718:Island Press
5713:
5707:
5694:
5687:
5644:
5638:
5612:. Retrieved
5608:
5598:
5586:. Retrieved
5556:
5552:
5541:
5514:
5508:
5471:
5465:
5437:
5430:
5403:
5358:Random House
5353:
5347:
5336:
5326:
5321:
5295:Island Press
5289:
5265:
5252:
5245:
5185:
5179:
5151:
5145:
5094:
5088:
5077:
5065:. Retrieved
5060:
5051:
5039:. Retrieved
5035:
5010:. Retrieved
5006:
4997:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4947:
4942:
4926:
4921:
4902:
4866:
4832:
4822:
4775:
4769:
4744:
4738:
4728:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4666:
4660:
4650:
4622:. Retrieved
4600:
4590:
4582:the original
4577:
4568:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4507:. Retrieved
4502:
4493:
4441:Island Press
4436:
4430:
4397:
4391:
4381:
4357:
4347:
4320:
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4275:
4265:
4248:
4242:
4232:
4205:
4199:
4189:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4144:
4132:. Retrieved
4128:
4119:
4112:A/RES/71/313
4102:
4076:Beacon Press
4067:
4060:
4035:
4031:
4021:
3994:
3937:(6867): 23.
3934:
3930:
3920:
3906:cite journal
3869:
3865:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:
3819:
3776:
3772:
3762:
3742:
3735:
3708:
3702:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3615:
3578:
3548:
3543:
3500:. Retrieved
3435:
3431:
3421:
3409:. Retrieved
3396:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3364:
3358:
3323:
3319:
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3291:
3281:
3269:. Retrieved
3265:
3256:
3232:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3198:
3186:
3181:
3170:
3160:
3148:. Retrieved
3144:
3119:. Retrieved
3115:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3081:
3073:
3064:
3010:
3006:
2944:
2940:
2900:
2843:
2839:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2693:
2687:
2652:
2645:
2626:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2544:
2540:
2516:UNEP (2011)
2493:. Retrieved
2489:
2479:
2452:
2448:
2423:. Retrieved
2418:
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2393:
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2144:
2140:
2077:
2073:
1996:Ecolabelling
1991:Greenwashing
1989:
1984:
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1965:
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1956:
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1941:
1930:
1917:
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1756:Multilateral
1754:
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1713:common goods
1703:
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1649:green growth
1641:
1623:
1619:
1614:
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1552:fossil fuels
1534:
1530:fossil fuels
1514:
1499:collaborate.
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1370:public goods
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1334:Kate Raworth
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1259:IPAT formula
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775:Anthropocene
767:Paul Crutzen
756:
738:, including
716:biodiversity
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64:, including
52:
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9758:Environment
9389:Society and
9348:Biocapacity
9176:Nonviolence
9094:Consumerism
9089:Bohemianism
9064:Agrarianism
8920:Leo Tolstoy
8850:Duane Elgin
8809:Small house
8728:Plain dress
8718:Monasticism
8713:Mindfulness
8622:Slow living
8175:Switzerland
8165:Philippines
8160:New Zealand
7923:Eco-anxiety
7777:Evangelical
7767:Ecotheology
7751:War on coal
7686:Ecofeminism
7635:Ecocentrism
7620:Biocentrism
7510:Disciplines
7257:conferences
7128:Procurement
7071:Development
6971:Advertising
6933:Measurement
6867:Tidal power
6862:Small hydro
6827:Micro hydro
6690:Biosecurity
6642:Appropriate
6571:Sustainable
6554:Advertising
6476:Consumption
6466:Development
5614:23 February
5188:(1): 3107.
4981:(7): 2164.
4828:James, Paul
4813:WEF (2020)
4353:James, Paul
4208:(9): 2503.
4148:PEP (2016)
3889:11336/71342
3493:"Agenda 21"
3294:(in German)
2713:10453/90953
2547:: 236–244.
2495:23 February
1885:Individuals
1690:stewardship
1668:uncertainty
1516:by cutting
1482:decarbonize
1395:Transitions
1385:consumerism
1310:Experts in
1114:using the '
1063:agriculture
1035:pollination
819:basic needs
799:development
765:. This led
645:ozone layer
512:dimensions.
410:needed for
193:Definitions
44:environment
18:Sustainable
9816:Categories
9576:Events and
9391:population
9337:Population
9288:Population
9233:Population
9119:Food miles
9069:Amateurism
8961:Jim Merkel
8941:Mark Boyle
8895:Nick Rosen
8814:Tiny house
8748:Temperance
8693:Detachment
8688:Asceticism
8683:Aparigraha
8562:Freeganism
8547:Dry toilet
8443:Land ethic
8363:Ng Cho-nam
8269:Motorsport
8245:Journalism
8211:Ecofiction
8194:In culture
8102:By country
7803:Opposition
7726:Green left
7681:Ecofascism
7567:Psychology
7557:Philosophy
7547:Humanities
7454:Key topics
7148:Sanitation
7103:Livelihood
7026:Ecovillage
7011:Eco-cities
6928:Accounting
6837:Pico hydro
6817:Hydropower
6635:Technology
6433:Principles
6190:12 January
6019:"About Us"
5958:: 127973.
5553:PNAS Nexus
5533:1080190654
5356:. London:
4836:. London:
4509:26 January
4439:. London:
4361:. London:
4323:(9): 878.
4173:(9): 878.
4134:24 January
4074:. Boston:
3866:BioScience
3810:UN (1973)
3551:. London:
3529:A/RES/70/1
3502:17 January
3411:17 January
3390:: 127–141.
3249:required.)
3193:. p. 2095.
3189:. Oxford:
2792:: 102222.
2696:(2): 165.
2425:20 January
2371:1124780147
2279:10535/6499
2020:References
1804:See also:
1800:Businesses
1773:World Bank
1679:Stora Enso
1675:Innovation
1629:pollutants
1472:Principles
1446:David King
1442:David Karl
1236:freshwater
1152:accounting
1136:indicators
1086:Trade-offs
1081:Trade-offs
1004:See also:
905:ecological
763:ecosystems
688:ecosystems
618:ecosystems
430:Dimensions
126:indicators
103:trade-offs
9672:Migration
9549:6 billion
9166:Itinerant
9059:Affluenza
8743:Rastafari
8708:Mendicant
8592:No frills
8567:Frugality
8537:DIY ethic
8520:Practices
8398:John Muir
8289:Eco hotel
8274:Sculpture
8233:festivals
8114:Australia
7876:Offshoots
7760:Religious
7654:Political
7587:Sociology
7527:Education
7241:Recycling
7236:Planetary
7226:Materials
7221:Landscape
7206:Fisheries
7173:Transport
7098:Landscape
7081:Marketing
7056:Gardening
6996:Community
6943:Reporting
6807:Footprint
6695:Biosphere
6337:2071-1050
6233:2043-7897
6164:124074971
6129:13 August
5980:0959-6526
5933:0959-6526
5911:: 11–32.
5851:1544-9173
5807:704557307
5774:0963-1690
5736:232157655
5679:216453887
5671:1748-9326
5500:241093198
5422:2198-0403
5376:974194745
5313:232157655
5210:2041-1723
5119:0013-936X
4838:Routledge
4798:951915998
4780:Routledge
4720:0163-4275
4560:219663803
4536:: 77–82.
4422:153452740
4363:Routledge
4339:2071-1050
4282:: 42–52.
4224:2071-1050
4052:0968-0802
3961:0028-0836
3898:0006-3568
3793:1941-5982
3553:Earthscan
3460:1469-4387
3350:253560289
3342:1758-5880
3224:Compare:
3167:"sustain"
3121:13 August
3116:mcgill.ca
3043:132458202
3035:2375-4931
2971:156534921
2963:1543-5938
2919:248881465
2868:0894-1920
2816:0959-3780
2722:2071-1050
2471:2071-1050
2288:2071-1050
2177:146790960
2169:1187-7863
2104:1862-4065
1951:Vagueness
1365:extrinsic
1358:intrinsic
1271:affluence
1144:Fairtrade
1112:SĂŁo Paulo
863:UNEP and
674:in 1992.
656:Arrhenius
651:in 1987.
592:biosphere
533:Hierarchy
505:Agenda 21
412:economies
335:sustinere
157:extrinsic
134:Fairtrade
111:pollution
9707:Category
9475:Natalism
9398:Eugenics
9181:Peak oil
9109:Degrowth
8925:Valluvar
8784:Car-free
8647:Veganism
8086:Protests
8039:Greening
7913:Degrowth
7853:Hardline
7572:Religion
7562:Politics
7354:Category
7153:Sourcing
7088:Greening
6981:Business
6857:Security
6852:Scarcity
6104:21 March
5884:31 March
5583:38566756
5574:10986754
5228:32561753
5137:35038861
5067:19 April
5041:19 April
5012:24 March
4954:Archived
4624:28 March
4094:33946953
4013:52639118
3969:11780095
3835:30 March
3694:33747239
3635:49987854
3532:Archived
3298:28 March
2876:67783261
2764:Archived
2742:Archived
2579:32834777
2399:31 March
2003:See also
1977:buzzword
1607:Degrowth
1344:Barriers
1281:such as
1273:such as
1232:land use
969:and the
693:—
594:system.
564:for the
515:—
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187:buzzword
9746:Ecology
9720:Portals
9696:Commons
9339:ecology
9290:biology
9154:commune
9052:Related
8738:Quakers
8552:Fasting
8373:Al Gore
8284:Tourism
8279:Surfing
8109:Albania
7789:Judaism
7577:Science
7542:History
7522:Ecology
7481:History
7387:Degrees
7380:Studies
7373:Science
7168:Tourism
7061:Geopark
7051:Finance
7046:Fashion
6621:Control
6509:Ethical
6418:Outline
6047:1 April
5960:Bibcode
5913:Bibcode
5860:3473022
5649:Bibcode
5588:4 April
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5190:Bibcode
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3662:Bibcode
3440:Bibcode
3271:20 June
3210:20 June
3150:12 July
3093:1 March
3015:Bibcode
2848:Bibcode
2794:Bibcode
2570:7330600
2549:Bibcode
2149:Bibcode
2082:Bibcode
1945:utopian
1148:Organic
857:results
850:poverty
801:within
759:geology
547:society
543:economy
138:Organic
9770:Plants
9406:genics
9042:Walden
8976:Thomas
8794:Hippie
8607:Regift
8527:Barter
8238:horror
8155:Israel
8119:Brazil
7537:Health
7532:Ethics
7336:(2015)
7313:(2000)
7307:(1997)
7291:(1992)
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7211:Forest
7113:Market
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853:causes
826:hunger
811:growth
672:UNFCCC
633:global
372:, and
257:, and
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9806:Water
9794:Trees
9527:Lists
8985:Media
8971:Suelo
8678:Amish
8662:WWOOF
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8206:Books
8143:India
8131:China
7982:Goals
7784:Islam
7596:Views
7366:Lists
7246:Waste
7158:Space
7066:Green
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6559:Brand
6423:Index
6098:(PDF)
6091:(PDF)
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2100:ISSN
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