129:) is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing on quality, quantity, or property of a set or design in return for gains in other aspects. In simple terms, a tradeoff is where one thing increases, and another must decrease. Tradeoffs stem from limitations of many origins, including simple physics – for instance, only a certain volume of objects can fit into a given space, so a full container must remove some items in order to accept any more, and vessels can carry a few large items or multiple small items. Tradeoffs also commonly refer to different configurations of a single item, such as the tuning of strings on a guitar to enable different notes to be played, as well as an allocation of time and attention towards different tasks.
295:, a second trade-off presents itself. Large trash cans are more likely to sit for a long time in the kitchen, leading to the food decomposing and a nasty odor. A small trash can will likely need to be taken out to the dumpster more often, thus greatly reducing or eliminating the odor. Of course, a user of a large trash can could simply carry the can outside frequently, but the larger can would be more cumbersome to take out often, and the user would have to think more about when to take the can out.
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simplicity that the medical school only allows full-time study, then the individual considering stopping work would face a trade-off between not going to medical school and earning $ 50,000 at work, or going to medical school and losing $ 50,000 in salary and having to pay $ 30,000 in tuition but earning $ 150,000 or more per year after 7 years of study.
471:. For example, the higher the fecundity (number of offspring), the lower the parental care that each offspring will receive. Parental care as a function of fecundity would show a negative sloped linear graph. A related phenomenon, known as demographic compensation, arises when the different components of species
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person going to a basketball game, their opportunity cost is the loss of the alternative of watching a particular television program at home. If the basketball game occurs during her or his working hours, then the opportunity cost would be several hours of lost work, as they would need to take time off work.
483:. For example, survival may be higher towards the northern edge of the distribution, while fecundity or growth increases towards the south, leading to a compensation that allows the species to persist along an environmental gradient. Contrasting trends in life cycle components may arise through tradeoffs in
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The concept of a tradeoff suggests a tactical or strategic choice made with full comprehension of the advantages and disadvantages of each setup. An economic example is the decision to invest in stocks, which are risky but carry great potential return, versus bonds, which are generally safer but with
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in which all the fingers are in the same compartment work well to keep the hands warm, but this arrangement also confines finger movement and prevents the full range of hand function. Gloves, with their separate fingers, do not have this drawback, but they do not keep the fingers as warm as mittens
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of a particular choice, which is the loss of the most preferred alternative given up. A tradeoff, then, involves a sacrifice that must be made to obtain a certain product, service, or experience, rather than others that could be made or obtained using the same required resources. For example, for a
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can only carry two people, and being lightweight, they are more fuel-efficient. At the same time, the smaller size and weight of small cars mean that they have smaller crumple zones, which means occupants are less protected in case of an accident. In addition, if a small car has an accident with a
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Trash cans that are used inside and then taken out to the street and emptied into a dumpster can be small or large. A large trash can does not need to be taken out to the dumpster so often, but it may become very heavy and difficult to move when full. The choice of big versus small trash can is a
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An opportunity cost example of trade-offs for an individual would be the decision by a full-time worker to take time off work with a salary of $ 50,000 to attend medical school with an annual tuition of $ 30,000 and earning $ 150,000 as a doctor after 7 years of study. If we assume for the sake of
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time at the expense of space to hold the table, e.g. to determine the parity of a byte you can either look at each bit individually (using shifts and masks), or use a 256-entry table giving the parity for each possible bit-pattern, or combine the upper and lower nibbles and use a 16-entry
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Many factors affect the tradeoff environment within a particular country, including the availability of raw materials, a skilled labor force, machinery for producing a product, technology and capital, market rate to produce that product on a reasonable time scale, and so forth.
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do. As such, with mittens and gloves, the trade-off is warmth versus dexterity. Similarly, warm coats are often bulky and impede the wearer's freedom of movement. Thin coats give the wearer more freedom of movement, but they are not as warm as a thicker coat would be.
246:), which shows the greatest (or least) amount of one thing that can be attained for each of various given amounts of the other. As an example, in production theory, the trade-off between the output of one good and the output of another is illustrated graphically by the
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With work schedules, employees will often use a tradeoff of "9/80" where an 80-hour work period is compressed into a narrow group of 9 nearly-9 hour working days over the traditional 10 8-hour working days, allowing the employee to take every second Friday off.
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E. Aguilar Pelaez et al., "LED power reduction trade-offs for ambulatory pulse oximetry," 2007 29th Annual
International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Lyon, 2007, pp. 2296-2299. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352784, URL:
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and distributive equity in the distribution of funds of the program for
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+), as maximizing one of these targets implies reducing the outcomes in the other two targets.
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Governmental tradeoffs are among the most controversial political and social difficulties of any time. All of politics can be viewed as a series of tradeoffs based upon which core values are most core to most people or politicians.
389:, and each pursuit features distinct teams of athletes. Whether a professional runner is better suited to marathon running versus sprinting is a trade-off based on the runner's morphology and physiology (e.g., variation in
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Philipson, C. D. et al. 2014. A trait-based trade-off between growth and mortality: evidence from 15 tropical tree species using size-specific relative growth rates. Ecology & Evolution 4: 3675–3688. 10.1002/ece3.1186
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larger, heavier car, the occupants of the smaller car will fare more poorly. Thus, car size (large versus small) involves multiple tradeoffs regarding passenger capacity, accident safety, and fuel economy.
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often involves competing for interests that must be traded off against each other, such as the interests of different people, or different principles (e.g. is it ethical to use information resulting from
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Villellas, JesĂşs; Doak, Daniel F.; GarcĂa, MarĂa B.; Morris, William F. (2015-11-01). "Demographic compensation among populations: what is it, how does it arise and what are its implications?".
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may be able to use inline code for greater speed, or call run-time routines for reduced memory; the user of the compiler should be able to indicate whether speed or space is more important.
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you might trade a pawn for an improved position. In a worst-case scenario, a chess player might even tradeoff the loss of a valuable piece (even the Queen) to protect the King. In
415:, several types of tradeoffs have been recognized. Most simply, a tradeoff occurs when a beneficial change in one trait is linked to a detrimental change in another trait. In
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Albuquerque, R. L. de, K. E. Bonine, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Speed and endurance do not trade-off in phrynosomatid lizards. Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology 88:634–647.
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Haak, D. C., McGinnis, L. A., Levey, D. J., Tewksbury, J. J. 2012. Why are not all chilies hot? A trade-off limits pungency. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 279:2012-2017.
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Large cars can carry many people, and since they have larger crumple zones, they may be safer in an accident. However, they also tend to be heavy (and often not very
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530:. Similarly, tradeoffs are used to maximize power efficiency in medical devices whilst guaranteeing the required measurement quality.
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that shows the highest level of expected return that any portfolio could have given any particular level of risk, as measured by the
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factors. Sports recruiters are mindful of these tradeoffs as they decide what role a prospective athlete would best suit on a team.
1069:"Modeling trade-offs across carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and equity in the distribution of global REDD+ funds"
645:, where patients need to weigh the possibility of a prolonged life expectancy against possible stressful or unpleasant treatment
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Doak, Daniel F.; Morris, William F. (2010). "Demographic compensation and tipping points in climate-induced range shifts".
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Alexander, R. McN. 1985. The ideal and the feasible: physical constraints on evolution. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 26:345-358.
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and decompression. Depending on the compression method, this may also involve the tradeoff of a loss in image quality.
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641:, patients and physicians are often faced with difficult decisions involving tradeoffs. One example is localized
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Roff, D. A., Fairbairn, D. J. 2007. The evolution of trade-offs: where are we? J. Evol. Biol. 20:433-447.
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Garland, T. Jr.; Downs, C. J.; Ives, A. R. (2022). "Trade-offs (and constraints) in organismal biology".
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542:, tradeoffs are viewed as a tool of the trade. A program can often run faster if it uses more memory (a
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419:, trade-offs occur among different targets. For example, these occur among biodiversity conservation,
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Campbell, D. E., and J. S. Kelly. 1994. Trade-off theory. The
American Economic Review 84:422-426.
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831:"Trade-Offs in Economics: Definition & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com"
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The
Software Engineering Institute has a specific method for analyzing tradeoffs, called the
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Bennett, A. F., Lenski, R. E. 2007. An experimental test of evolutionary trade-offs during
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The term is also used widely in an evolutionary context, in which case the processes of
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Palomo, I; Dujardin, Y; Midler, E; Robin, M; Sanz, MJ; Pascual, U (5 November 2019).
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385:. Accordingly, the two contests have distinct events in such competitions as the
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trade-off between the frequency of needing to take out the trash and ease of use.
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The concept of a trade-off is often used to describe situations in everyday life.
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type), as well as the runner's individual interest, preference, and other
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Focused
Collection: Trade-Offs in Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology
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A trade-off in economics is often illustrated graphically by a
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take much more disk space, but do not affect sound quality.
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2014. Quick guide: Tradeoffs. Current
Biology 24:R60-R61.
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Tradeoffs are important in engineering. For example, in
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space, but some information is lost resulting in lower
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The theoretical description of trade-offs involves the
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Transportation
Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
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demands different physical attributes from running a
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573:For some situations (e.g. string manipulation), a
475:(survival, growth, fecundity, etc.) show negative
511:for other desirable properties, such as improved
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583:Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM)
1318:. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:8649-8654.
1020:"Tradeoffs in bacteriophage life histories"
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455:, tradeoff examples may include maturity,
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597:often involve tradeoffs: for example, in
226:a trade-off is expressed in terms of the
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1334:evolution. Functional Ecology 3:259-268.
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360:) and thus usually have relatively poor
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250:. The Pareto frontier is also used in
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977:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
787:Trade-off theory of capital structure
697:Architecture tradeoff analysis method
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546:). Consider the following examples:
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1330:Stearns, S. C. 1989. Trade-offs in
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901:Ahmed, Rasha; Stater, Mark (2023).
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248:production possibilities frontier
817:"Life Is a Series of Trade-offs"
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242:(named after the economist
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165:. The specific problem is:
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792:Williamson trade-off model
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629:to treat disease today?)
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133:lower potential returns.
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137:Theoretical description
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702:Bias–variance tradeoff
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439:decisive factors. In
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732:Evolutionary medicine
727:Economy (linguistics)
717:Cost-benefit analysis
407:Evolutionary tradeoff
270:of portfolio return.
1018:Keen, E. C. (2014).
712:Carrier's constraint
421:carbon sequestration
338:Lossless compression
172:improve this article
161:to meet Knowledge's
43:improve this article
16:Situational decision
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544:space–time tradeoff
485:resource allocation
481:distribution ranges
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797:Indifference curve
605:, you might trade
550:By compressing an
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670:may energize the
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561:By using a
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503:is used in
491:Engineering
479:across the
473:life cycles
469:mate choice
358:aerodynamic
174:if you can.
58:"Trade-off"
1364:Categories
1316:adaptation
1288:2009-09-11
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803:References
668:attack ads
657:Government
528:distortion
505:amplifiers
465:senescence
453:demography
447:Demography
293:food waste
283:Trash cans
69:newspapers
1243:1461-0248
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611:influence
607:thickness
593:Strategy
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373:Athletics
366:Smart Car
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387:Olympics
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268:variance
210:Examples
156:require
127:tradeoff
1213:Bibcode
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