1934:
6434:
housing is inadequate, health is poor, educational opportunities are insufficient, and there are high infant mortality rates along with low life expectancy. ... In addition to the attributes associated with a low standard of living, several other characteristics are common to the Global South. One is the high rate of population growth and a consequent high dependency burden — that is, the responsibility for dependents, largely young children. In many countries almost half the population is under fifteen years old. This population composition represents not only a significant responsibility, but in the immediate future, it creates demands on services for schools, transport, new jobs, and related infrastructure. If a nation's gross national income (GNI) is growing at 2 percent a year and its population is growing at that rate too, then any gains are wiped out.
1986:
1512:
22:
68:
466:
757:
2819:
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3616:
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2082:
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6266:
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5732:
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1161:
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4071:
12387:
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1589:
1300:
5788:
3798:
4617:
2374:
1060:
This term includes 135 low- or middle-income countries, covering 84% of the global population, and is criticized for its imprecision. Historical and empirical evidence, like the varied infant mortality rates across these nations, underscores the flaws in a uniform classification. Alternatives such as regional or income-based categories (low-income to high-income) are advocated for, as they align better with the specific contexts of countries, supporting more effective policy formulation.
6031:
4656:
4539:
725:
5007:
1967:(FGM) is another form of violence against women which is still occurring in many developing countries. It is found mostly in Africa, and to a lesser extent in the Middle East and some other parts of Asia. Developing countries with the highest rate of women who have been cut are Somalia (with 98% of women affected), Guinea (96%), Djibouti (93%), Egypt (91%), Eritrea (89%), Mali (89%), Sierra Leone (88%), Sudan (88%), Gambia (76%), Burkina Faso (76%), and Ethiopia (74%). Due to
1555:, meaning a system in which less-developed countries are taken advantage of by developed countries. It does not necessarily mean that former colonies are still controlled by their former colonizer; it refers to colonial-like exploitation. Developing countries are often helping further develop rich countries, rather than being developed themselves. Several institutions have been established with the goal of putting an end to this system. One of these institutions is the
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3655:
3343:
3239:
5924:
5718:
5150:
4968:
4838:
4409:
4331:
4175:
4110:
3746:
3694:
3577:
3369:
3330:
5896:
4435:
4253:
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5848:
4916:
4591:
4500:
6096:
5992:
5704:
5676:
5176:
4344:
4032:
3928:
3304:
2882:, and economic stress. A report by the Climate Vulnerability Monitor in 2012 estimated that climate change causes 400,000 deaths on average each year, mainly due to hunger and communicable diseases in developing countries. These effects are most severe for the world's poorest countries. Internationally there is recognition of the mismatch between those that have caused climate change and those which will suffer the most from climate change, termed "
3382:
1056:, emphasizes that the binary labeling of countries is "neither descriptive nor explanatory". Wackernagel identifies these binary terms of "developing" vs. "developed" countries, or "North" vs. "South", as "a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish." Wackernagel and Rosling both argue that in reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features.
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2871:. In the cases where developing countries produce only small quantities of greenhouse gas emissions per capita but are very vulnerable to the negative effects of global warming, the term "forced riders" as opposed to the "free riders" has been used as a descriptor. Such countries include Comoros, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.
2425:" proposed by Chinese leader Xi Jinping in 2005 signifies China's determination in amending environmental burdens created during industrialization while shifting to more sustainable modes of development and adopting high-end industries. Water bodies around the country are much cleaner than a decade ago and steadily approaching natural levels in pollutants.
2284:
2421:, a sizable fraction of high-pollution industries have been gradually phased out and many illegally polluting factories were sanctioned or closed. A considerable amount of effort went to enforce environmental regulations at regional levels and holding persons of malpractice accountable, including officials and firm managers. The slogan "
1450:". This terminology provided a way of broadly categorizing the nations of the Earth into three groups based on political divisions. Due to the complex history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition of the Third World. Strictly speaking, "Third World" was a political, rather than economic, grouping.
1090:(WDI), the World Bank made a decision to no longer distinguish between "developed" and "developing" countries in the presentation of its data, considering the two-category distinction outdated. Accordingly, World Bank is phasing out use of that descriptor. Instead, the reports by Worldbank (such as the WDI and the
6315:
Mass media has also played a role in what information the people in developing countries receive. The news often covers developed countries and creates an imbalance of information flow. The people in developing countries do not often receive coverage of the other developing countries but instead gets
3173:. The economies of many developing nations are tried to primary products and a majority of their exports go to advanced nations. When advanced nations encounter economic downturns, they can quickly transmit to their developing country trading partners as seen in global economic downturn of 2008–2009.
6491:
In much debate on cities in the Global South, infrastructure is synonymous with breakdown, failure, interruption, and improvisation. The categorization of poorer cities through a lens of developmentalism has often meant that they are constructed as "problem." These are cities, as
Anjaria has argued,
606:
classified countries as advanced, emerging, or developing, depending on "(1) per capita income level, (2) export diversification—so oil exporters that have high per capita GDP would not make the advanced classification because around 70% of its exports are oil, and (3) degree of integration into the
3140:
Other common challenges include: Increased and intensified industrial and agricultural production and emission of toxic chemicals directly into the soil, air, and water, unsustainable use of energy resources; high dependency on natural resources for livelihood, leading to unsustainable exploitation
2151:
of children is the cause for more than 200 million children under five years of age in developing countries not reaching their developmental potential. About 165 million children were estimated to have stunted growth from malnutrition in 2013. In some developing countries, overnutrition in the
6514:
In many global south cities, for example, access to networked infrastructures has always been highly fragmented, highly unreliable and problematic, even for relatively wealthy or powerful groups and neighbourhoods. In contemporary Mumbai, for example, many upper-middle-class residents have to deal
8432:
This article aims to appraise the unevenness of logistics development throughout the world, by comparing city logistics (notion that we define) between developing countries (or Global South countries) (where 'modern' and 'traditional' models often coexist) and developed countries (or Global North
2264:
instead of using toilets in 2016. Seventy-six percent (678 million) of the 892 million people practicing open defecation in the world live in just seven countries. Countries with a high number of people openly defecating are India (348 million), followed by
Nigeria (38.1 million), Indonesia (26.4
1059:
The term "developing" refers to a current situation and not a changing dynamic or expected direction of development. Additionally, the term "developing world" is increasingly seen as outdated, suggesting a hierarchy and not accurately reflecting the diverse realities of the encompassed countries.
505:
The three groups that are not "high income" are together referred to as "low and middle income countries" (LMICs). For example, for the 2022 fiscal year, a low income country is defined as one with a GNI per capita less than 1,045 in current US$ ; a lower middle-income country is one with GNI per
2786:
Globally, 4.3 million deaths were attributed to exposure to IAP in developing countries in 2012, almost all in low and middle income countries. The South East Asian and
Western Pacific regions bear most of the burden with 1.69 and 1.62 million deaths, respectively. Almost 600,000 deaths occur in
2987:
in 2018 estimated that around 143 million people in three regions (Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin
America) could be forced to move within their own countries to escape the slow-onset impacts of climate change. They will migrate from less viable areas with lower water availability and
1047:
has argued against the terms, calling the concept "outdated" since the terms are used under the prerequisite that the world is divided in rich and poor countries, while the fact is that the vast majority of countries are middle-income. Given the lack of a clear definition, sustainability expert
6433:
among the countries of the Global South, there are also some common characteristics. First and foremost is a continuing struggle for secure livelihoods amidst conditions of serious poverty for a large number of people in these nations. For many, incomes are low, access to resources is limited,
8300:
The developing economies broadly comprise Africa, Latin
America and the Caribbean, Asia without Israel, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, and Oceania without Australia and New Zealand. The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea,
2428:
In 2021, China introduced the "coal to gas" policy as one of many policies directed towards achieving peak carbon emissions in 2060. Coal combustion in homes, power stations and production industries constitutes 60% of total energy consumption in China and is the main source of water and air
673:
Multi-dimensional clustering system: with the understanding that different countries have different development priorities and levels of access to resources and institutional capacities and to offer a more nuanced understanding of developing countries and their characteristics, scholars have
6456:
Poverty, lower life expectancies, illiteracy, lack of basic health amenities, and high population growth rates meant that national priorities in these countries were firmly oriented toward economic and social objectives.The global "South," as these nations came to be known, considered their
683:
In general, the WTO accepts any country's claim of itself being "developing". Certain countries that have become "developed" in the last 20 years by almost all economic metrics, still insist to be classified as "developing country", as it entitles them to a preferential treatment at the
1918:
In some cities, especially in countries in
Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, slums are not just marginalized neighborhoods holding a small population; slums are widespread, and are home to a large part of urban population. These are sometimes called "slum cities".
3201:
under Target 8.a.1 Increase aid for trade is an initiative to help developing countries practice trade and benefit. Aid for trade is to assist developing countries in trade related programmes, prioritize trade and trade capacity, improve trade performance and reduce
2893:"When we think about livelihoods at risk from climate change impacts, we know that people living in developing countries, and especially the least-developed countries and small island states, often have the least financial resources to adapt," says Nancy Saich, the
190:. In 2015, the World Bank declared that the "developing/developed world categorization" had become less relevant and that they will phase out the use of that descriptor. Instead, their reports will present data aggregations for regions and income groups. The term "
1858:(based on instability of agricultural production, instability of exports of goods and services, economic importance of non-traditional activities, merchandise export concentration, handicap of economic smallness, and the percentage of population displaced by
6537:
The global south remains very poor relative to the north, and many countries continue to lack critical infrastructure and social services in health and education. Also, a great deal of political instability and violence inhibits many nations in the global
2790:
Finding an affordable solution to address the many effects of indoor air pollution is complex. Strategies include improving combustion, reducing smoke exposure, improving safety and reducing labor, reducing fuel costs, and addressing sustainability.
10400:
1484:. The inhabitants of developing countries were introduced to democratic systems later and more abruptly than their Northern counterparts and were sometimes targeted by governmental and non-governmental efforts to encourage participation. 'Effective
1933:
456:
There are several terms used to classify countries into rough levels of development. Classification of any given country differs across sources, and sometimes, these classifications or the specific terminology used is considered disparaging.
7208:
506:
capita between 1,046 and 4,095 in current US$ ; an upper middle-income country is one with GNI per capita between 4,096 and 12,695 in current US$ , and a high income country is one with GNI per capita of more than 12,696 in current US$ .
5888:
Three economies lack data before being listed as advanced economies. However, because of the lack of data, it is difficult to judge whether they were advanced economies or developing economies before being listed as advanced economies.
2395:
at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of death and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.
8349:
Note: North refers to developed economies, South to developing economies; trade is measured from the export side; deliveries to ship stores and bunkers as well as minor and special-category exports with unspecified destination are not
6515:
with water or power supplies which operate for only a few hours per day. Their efforts to move into gated communities are often motivated as much by their desires for continuous power and water supplies as by hopes for better security.
1502:
debates, seen as a corrective to the traditional focus on developed countries. Some political scientists identify a 'typology of nationalizing, developmental, and neoliberal migration management regimes' across developing countries.
1085:
declared that the "developing / developed world categorization" had become less relevant, due to worldwide improvements in indices such as child mortality rates, fertility rates and extreme poverty rates. In the 2016 edition of its
2849:
Although 79% of carbon emissions are produced by developed countries, and developing countries have not been the major cause of climate change, they are the most at risk from the effects of these changes and may face challenges in
10022:
6457:
development priorities to be imperative; they wanted to "catch up" with the richer nations.They also asserted that the responsibility of protecting the environment was primarily on the shoulders of the richer "Northern" nations
9736:
Russel S. The economic burden of illness for households in developing countries: a review of studies focusing on malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg
9616:
Grantham-McGregor, Sally et al., the
International Child Development Steering Group. "Developmental Potential in the First 5 Years for Children in Developing Countries." Lancet 369.9555 (2007): 60–70. PMC. Web. 28 November
2337:
by providing the energy needed for creating businesses and employment. Renewable energy technologies can also make indirect contributions to alleviating poverty by providing energy for cooking, space heating, and lighting.
10474:
2036:
shows that men who witnessed their fathers against their mothers, and men who experienced some form of violence as children, more likely have reported perpetrating intimate partner violence in their adult relationships.
2308:) for home energy requirements. This lack of access to modern energy technology limits income generation, blunts efforts to escape poverty, affects people's health due to indoor air pollution, and contributes to global
9627:
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, Webb P, Lartey A, Black RE (August 2013). "Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?".
1975:
8780:
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due to the intersecting issues of high climate vulnerability, low economic status, restricted access to technology, failing infrastructure and limited access to financial resources. Where a country is particularly
2061:
are typically substantially higher in those countries. Developing countries also have less access to medical health services generally, and are less likely to have the resources to purchase, produce and administer
2783:, as their domestic cooking fuel. Because much of the cooking is carried out indoors in environments that lack proper ventilation, millions of people, primarily poor women and children face serious health risks.
7780:
1559:. They have a 'no-strings-attached' policy that promotes developing countries remaining or becoming self-sufficient. More specifically, they advocate sovereignty over natural resources and industrialization.
1539:
and economic stimulation. Many relied on foreign investment. This funding focused on improving infrastructure and industry, but led to a system of systemic exploitation. They exported raw materials, such as
11648:
8553:
7878:
12354:
9155:
1140:" began to be used more widely since about 2004. It can also include poorer "southern" regions of wealthy "northern" countries. The Global South refers to these countries' "interconnected histories of
12359:
7200:
10662:
6776:
2253:(WHO) estimated that "1 in 3 people, or 2.4 billion, are still without sanitation facilities" while 663 million people still lack access to safe and clean drinking water. The estimate in 2017 by
2045:
The status of healthcare that the general public can access is substantially different between developing countries and developed countries. People in developing countries usually have a lower
3115:
are common problems. To fully reach the goal of a low level of corruption, developing countries are usually using special steps for different establishments inside their territories, such as:
7112:
1937:
A formation of human chain at India Gate by the women from different walks of life at the launch of a
National Campaign on prevention of violence against women, in New Delhi on 2 October 2009
10761:
Rigaud, Kanta Kumari; de
Sherbinin, Alex; Jones, Bryan; Bergmann, Jonas; Clement, Viviane; Ober, Kayly; Schewe, Jacob; Adamo, Susana; McCusker, Brent; Heuser, Silke; Midgley, Amelia. 2018.
2999:
In spite of the cumulative stressors and challenges faced by developing countries in adapting to the effects of climate change, there are those that are world leaders in the field such as
674:
categorized them into five distinct groups based on factors such as levels of poverty and inequality, productivity and innovation, political constraints and dependence on external flows.
11745:
10502:
10033:
1971:
and immigration, FGM is spreading beyond the borders of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and to countries such as
Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, New Zealand, the U.S., and UK.
1259:, as many of the Global South's countries are geographically located in the former and, similarly, a number of the Global North's countries are geographically located in the latter.
3016:
7474:
6976:
Freeman, Toby; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Bambra, Clare; Giugliani, Elsa Regina Justo; Popay, Jennie; Sanders, David; Macinko, James; Musolino, Connie; Baum, Fran (10 November 2020).
5945:" classification. They are countries whose economies have not yet reached a developed country's status but have, in a macroeconomic sense, outpaced their developing counterparts:
12323:
12285:
10959:
10471:
888:
from a blueprint developed by all of the world's countries and leading development institutions, in order to evaluate growth. These goals ended in 2015, to be superseded by the
926:
Another important indicator is the sectoral changes that have occurred since the stage of development of the country. On an average, countries with a 50% contribution from the
10236:
1885:. In 2012, the proportion of urban population living in slums was highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (62%), followed by South Asia (35%), Southeast Asia (31%) and East Asia (28%).
197:
Developing countries tend to have some characteristics in common often due to their histories or geographies. For example, they commonly have: lower levels of access to safe
12749:
12017:
10989:
10937:
139:(HDI) relative to other countries. However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. There is also no clear agreement on which countries fit this category. The terms
10696:
8772:
1078:
for the poorest nations – which can, in no sense, be regarded as developing. This highlights that the standard of living across the entire developing world varies greatly.
6603:
7918:
10733:
8883:
1819:, global health governance, health, and prevention needs. This is contrasted by issues developed nations tend to address, such as innovations in science and technology.
1548:
have often used the cheaper labor in developing countries for production. The West benefited significantly from this system, but left developing countries undeveloped.
12057:
9409:
9352:
2254:
1063:
Since the late 1990s, countries identified by the UN as developing countries tended to demonstrate higher growth rates than those in the developed countries category.
12826:
12273:
11903:
7444:
9844:
7770:
3213:
which advocates for international investment and support to achieve innovative technological development, access to market, and fair trade for developing countries.
3119:
Development or creation of a fair public administration system that is not partially based on corruption and is entirely based on the values and laws of the country
1025:
One of the early criticisms that questioned the use of the terms "developing" and "underdeveloped" countries was voiced in 1973 by prominent historian and academic
11640:
11220:
11115:
8879:
9446:
2159:
The following list shows the further significant environmentally-related causes or conditions, as well as certain diseases with a strong environmental component:
9023:
8543:
7870:
1798:
895:
The concept of the developing nation is found, under one term or another, in numerous theoretical systems having diverse orientations – for example, theories of
12230:
9163:
6689:
1269:. The Global South classification, as used by governmental and developmental organizations, was first introduced as a more open and value-free alternative to “
1148:, and differential economic and social change through which large inequalities in living standards, life expectancy, and access to resources are maintained".
12901:
12144:
11016:
10426:
5661:
European Union countries (except for Czech Republic), were historically considered developing countries and regions until the 1990s, and are now listed as
884:(HDI), a compound indicator of some of the above statistics, to gauge the level of human development for countries where data is available. The UN had set
2399:
India and China are two countries with high levels of water pollution: An estimated 580 people in India die of water pollution related illness (including
1915:. For example, as populations expand in poorer countries, rural people move to cities in extensive urban migration that results in the creation of slums.
868:. There is an association between low income and high population growth. The development of a country is measured with statistical indices such as income
10659:
2275:
established by the UN in 2015. It calls for clean water and sanitation for all people. This is particularly relevant for people in developing countries.
860:
Development can be measured by economic or human factors. Developing countries are, in general, countries that have not achieved a significant degree of
8746:
6768:
12779:
12769:
12164:
12069:
12012:
10615:
1102:
The term low and middle-income country (LMIC) is often used interchangeably with "developing country" but refers only to the economy of the countries.
10981:
9747:
9671:
2973:
10053:
7096:
1273:”, and likewise potentially “valuing” terms such as developed and developing. Countries of the Global South have also been described as being newly
12956:
12926:
12235:
12201:
8979:
8610:
Heller, Patrick (October 2012). "Democracy, Participatory Politics and Development: Some Comparative Lessons from Brazil, India and South Africa".
6978:"Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America"
2415:
9996:
1495:
as: "closing gap between formal legal rights in the civil and political arena, and the actual capability to meaningfully practice those rights".
12052:
6568:
6350:
2917:. Rising sea levels cost 1% of GDP to the least developed countries in 2010 – 4% in the Pacific – with 65 billion dollars annually lost from the
10455:
7241:
8341:
11395:
9777:
2429:
pollution. It is speculated that pollution sources will be progressively eliminated as China reaches the upper tiers of developing countries.
2139:
is more common in developing countries. Certain groups have higher rates of undernutrition, including women – in particular while pregnant or
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12328:
12094:
12024:
11896:
11712:
11677:
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2950:
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The UN-Habitat reports that 43% of urban population in developing countries and 78% of those in the least developed countries live in slums.
11737:
11363:
10494:
9911:
12268:
12263:
10131:
3158:
2257:
states that 4.5 billion people currently do not have safely managed sanitation. The majority of these people live in developing countries.
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11585:
11553:
10617:
International Adaptation Finance: The Need for an Innovative and Strategic Approach 4 (Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Working Paper)
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9947:
1834:
per capita averaged over three years. For example, if the GNI per capita is less than US$ 1,025 (as of 2018) the country is regarded as a
12333:
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can be particularly suitable for developing countries. In rural and remote areas, transmission and distribution of energy generated from
1791:
1757:
9974:
9185:
8832:
Ager, Alastair; Yu, Gary; Hermosilla, Sabrina (September 2012). "Mapping the key issues shaping the landscape of global public health".
8575:
Palat, Ravi Arvind (April 2010). "World Turned Upside Down? Rise of the global South and the contemporary global financial turbulence".
6802:
12137:
12114:
12109:
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9006:
3185:
Trade Policy: Countries with more restrictive policies have not grown as fast as countries with open and less distorted trade policies.
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2200:
1878:
742:
733:
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10951:
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12951:
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10600:
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6709:
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3007:(the first country to do so). It established a fund to support these plans, spending on average $ 1 billion annually in this regard.
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2538:
2049:
than people in developed countries, reflecting both lower income levels and poorer public health. The burden of infectious diseases,
1666:
1002:
There is criticism for using the term "developing country". The term could imply inferiority of this kind of country compared with a
507:
391:
than people in developed countries, reflecting both lower income levels and poorer public health. The burden of infectious diseases,
10765:
10229:
8406:
Nora, Mareï; Michel, Savy (January 2021). "Global South countries: The dark side of city logistics. Dualisation vs Bipolarisation".
7817:
7690:
Vázquez ST, Sumner A (December 2013). "Revisiting the Meaning of Development: A Multidimensional Taxonomy of Developing Countries".
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of developing nations, like the NIEO, frequently lobby for parity in the world stage. The rise of China might imply the rise of the
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2887:
2323:
2299:
1375:
11999:
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10263:"The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs"
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for developing countries to adapt to climate change. However, concrete pledges by developed countries have not been forthcoming.
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given by foreign governments and other agencies to support developing countries' economic, environmental, social, and political
12240:
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2410:
However, after a series of reforms, China's environment began to demonstrate enormous improvements around the 2010s. Under the
1784:
1498:
Beyond citizenship, the study of the politics of cross-border mobility in developing countries has also shed valuable light in
10722:
8875:
2878:
reports of 2010 and 2012. Climate vulnerability in developing countries occurs in four impact areas: health, extreme weather,
1094:) now include data aggregations for the whole world, for regions, and for income groups – but not for the "developing world".
518:
The use of the term "market" instead of "country" usually indicates a specific focus on the characteristics of the countries'
12343:
12189:
11824:
10905:
10628:
10427:"Climate vulnerability monitor 2010: the state of the climate crisis – Documents & Publications – Professional Resources"
10394:
9056:
8810:
8654:
8489:
7583:
7558:
7533:
7505:
6734:
6640:
6530:
6507:
6484:
6449:
6426:
6345:
3033:
Over the last few decades, global population growth has largely been driven by developing countries, which often have higher
2456:
2304:
In 2009, about 1.4 billion of people in the world lived without electricity. 2.7 billion relied on wood, charcoal, and dung (
1183:
and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to
1091:
12814:
9715:
9342:
574:(including Central European countries that still belonged to the "Eastern Europe Group" in the UN institutions); the former
12774:
12672:
12582:
2723:
2240:
9399:
7436:
2983:
patterns in developing countries and beyond but is not expected to generate entirely new flows of people. A report by the
6740:
6309:
11216:
11085:
9438:
6592:
1029:
who compared the economic, social, and political parameters between the United States and countries in Africa and Asia.
13061:
12572:
12007:
9291:
9030:
8056:
7984:
2668:
8680:"The Migration State in the Global South: Nationalizing, Developmental, and Neoliberal Models of Migration Management"
6951:
12169:
12132:
10538:
10323:
10207:
9832:
9601:
8460:
8221:
8194:
8021:
7412:
1114:
are all sub-groupings of developing countries. Countries on the other end of the spectrum are usually referred to as
175:
are all sub-groupings of developing countries. Countries on the other end of the spectrum are usually referred to as
8381:
6681:
13091:
13051:
12759:
12739:
12154:
12149:
11272:
11246:
9833:"People practicing open defecation (% of population) – Indonesia, Nigeria, Niger, Ethiopia, Sudan, India, Pakistan"
6620:
5293:
4765:
3673:
2422:
2002:
1556:
11492:
11012:
6300:
and other negative imagery. This common coverage has created a dominant stereotype of developing countries: "the '
13046:
12577:
12472:
12462:
12159:
11931:
11840:
11059:
8507:
6308:
and political backwardness, measured against Western values and standards." Mass media's role often compares the
3210:
2969:
1196:
1107:
658:
641:
168:
10430:
9755:
7847:
13086:
12961:
12754:
12047:
11946:
11164:
9405:
8362:
8130:
8084:
6401:
4375:
3198:
3125:
Publicly informing the residents about the source of corruption and negative influence on the country's economy
2868:
2643:
2548:
2473:
2268:
1251:
and Europe, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. As such, the two terms do not refer to the
1115:
1111:
619:
494:
176:
172:
11859:
9468:
Peters, David H.; Garg, Anu; Bloom, Gerry; Walker, Damian G.; Brieger, William R.; Rahman, M. Hafizur (2008).
8161:
6720:
1985:
13071:
12977:
12445:
12417:
12194:
11335:
8715:
8157:
2965:
2875:
2733:
2598:
2493:
2272:
1862:). Among other challenges, developing countries have a higher risk of suffering a balance of payments crisis.
1180:
1153:
889:
441:
10634:
6565:"World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information"
4791:
2320:
options, such as onsite solar power and improved cookstoves, offer rural households modern energy services.
1881:, around 33% of the urban population in the developing world in 2012, or about 863 million people, lived in
1236:
13096:
12931:
12662:
12493:
12250:
11941:
10857:
9313:
9106:
5942:
3150:
3004:
2856:
2808:
2767:
is a major health hazard. A major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries is the burning of
2738:
2693:
2688:
2648:
2583:
2563:
2488:
1855:
1087:
885:
538:
408:
376:
at all government levels, and political instability. Unlike developed countries, developing countries lack
9928:
Energy for Development: The Potential Role of Renewable Energy in Meeting the Millennium Development Goals
9815:
9678:
7201:"Latest child mortality estimates reveal world remains off track to meeting Sustainable Development Goals"
2265:
million), Ethiopia (23.1 million), Pakistan (19.7 million), Niger (14.6 million) and Sudan (9.7 million).
1961:(such as violence, trafficking and forced marriage) is linked to parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania.
21:
13066:
12998:
12966:
12697:
12433:
11343:
11334:
The recognition of Taiwan is disputed; most UN-member states officially recognise the sovereignty of the
10826:
10050:
7604:
6397:
3228:
2748:
2708:
2658:
2653:
2633:
2573:
2523:
2183:
1719:
1511:
563:
407:
are expected to impact developing countries more than high-income countries, as most of them have a high
234:
57:
8972:
3122:
Better investigation towards the sources of the corruption and probable causes of that particular action
2830:(IPCC) has confirmed that warming of the climate system due to human intervention is 'unequivocal'. The
950:
The term "developing countries" has many research theories associated with it (in chronological order):
465:
12936:
12881:
12692:
10000:
3057:
2743:
2728:
2618:
2613:
2553:
2533:
2528:
2498:
2483:
2478:
2144:
1752:
1244:
1071:
571:
6564:
2929:
on fisheries. Developing countries with large fisheries sectors are particularly affected. During the
1476:. Political systems in developing countries are diverse, but most states had established some form of
12831:
12467:
11936:
11042:
Edwards, S. "Trade Orientation, Distortions and Growth In Developing Countries." (n.d.): n. pag. 1–37
10452:
9711:
9309:
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
7233:
6335:
2989:
2906:
2851:
2831:
2800:
2771:. Three billion people in developing countries across the globe rely on biomass in the form of wood,
2718:
2713:
2703:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2628:
2608:
2508:
2503:
2449:
2411:
2250:
2014:
1964:
1734:
1266:
1247:. Opposite to the Global South is the Global North, which the UNCTAD describes as broadly comprising
1173:
1103:
984:
963:– the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of
437:
404:
186:
There are controversies over the term's use, as some feel that it perpetuates an outdated concept of
164:
45:
9785:
8334:
7954:. Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications, London and Tanzanian Publishing House, Dar-Es-Salaam. p. 25.
7633:"From Poverty Reduction to Mutual Interests? The Debate on Differentiation in EU Development Policy"
7268:"When and Where Birth Spacing Matters for Child Survival: An International Comparison Using the DHS"
13081:
13008:
12946:
12587:
12410:
12220:
11388:
9227:
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change
6803:"Health Policy and System Research in Global South: Bridging the Gap through Citizen Participation"
3595:
3128:
Regulation of the official positions of an individual to not be the source of abuse for corruption.
2894:
2859:
they are called "highly climate vulnerable". This applies to many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa,
2804:
2787:
Africa. An earlier estimate from 2000 put the death toll between 1.5 million and 2 million deaths.
2698:
2638:
2623:
2603:
2593:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2543:
2518:
2513:
2404:
2330:
can be difficult and expensive. Producing renewable energy locally can offer a viable alternative.
1743:
1675:
1656:
1613:
1608:
1192:
1165:
1053:
1019:
756:
685:
567:
535:
Developing countries include in decreasing order of economic growth or size of the capital market:
67:
11705:
11670:
11514:
11455:
11420:
11303:
3060:
and other conflicts in the countries of the Sahel region have been exacerbated by climate change,
1472:
after the second half of the 20th century. Many were governed by an imperial European power until
12993:
12744:
12258:
11356:
10155:"Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge"
9908:
9866:
Sovacool BK (October 2012). "Energy. Deploying off-grid technology to eradicate energy poverty".
6389:
3222:
3085:
2663:
2588:
2013:) at some point in their lives. Evidence shows women who have had experienced physical or sexual
1835:
1075:
881:
627:
553:
136:
72:
10690:"The impact of climate change on the achievement of the post-2015 sustainable development goals"
10127:
6769:"The 2016 edition of World Development Indicators is out: three features you won't want to miss"
2818:
2391:
is a major problem in many developing countries. It requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
1043:
and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century. The late global health expert
12941:
12871:
12677:
11989:
11768:
11578:
11546:
10101:
9951:
9822:. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017
7139:"Correlates of maternal mortality in developing countries: an ecological study in 82 countries"
6726:
Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About The World – And Why Things Are Better Than You Think
6632:
3465:
3069:
2914:
2910:
1998:
1942:
1928:
1646:
980:
873:
603:
187:
11137:
Verspoor A. "Pathways to Change: Improving the Quality of Education in Developing Countries".
9283:
9276:
9267:
6841:"The Intimate Link Between Income Levels and Life Expectancy: Global Evidence from 213 Years*"
6400:, UN Trade and Development classifies them as the Global South. Also, Singapore is the one of
2432:
Further details of water pollution in several countries, including many developing countries:
2179:, etc.): Illness imposes high and regressive cost burdens on families in developing countries.
13025:
12821:
12734:
12718:
12402:
12318:
12300:
12085:
11780:
10071:
9978:
9591:
9196:
9003:
8446:
8211:
8184:
6814:
6419:
Southern Exposure: International Development and the Global South in the Twenty-First Century
4739:
3686:
3108:
2392:
1954:
1831:
1661:
1580:
1228:
668:
562:
Under other criteria, some countries are at an intermediate stage of development, or, as the
474:
160:
11610:
11186:
6624:
630:
challenges: small but growing populations, limited resources, remoteness, susceptibility to
13020:
12896:
12702:
12667:
12225:
9481:
9079:
7348:
6660:
6271:
5129:
3112:
3026:
2954:
2442:
2305:
2086:
1891:
Slums form and grow in different parts of the world for many reasons. Causes include rapid
1767:
1651:
1536:
1367:
1007:
954:
939:
912:
713:
293:
285:
9186:"An exploratory study of bride price and domestic violence in Bundibugyo District, Uganda"
8046:
6908:"Life expectancy in less developed countries: socioeconomic development or public health?"
2001:, it is estimated that 35 percent of women worldwide have experienced either physical and
426:
is a global phenomenon, but population age has risen more slowly in developing countries.
8:
13076:
12729:
12642:
12290:
12280:
11854:
10762:
7809:
7549:
Waugh D (2000). "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)".
6498:
Adey, Peter; Bissell, David; Hannam, Kevin; Merriman, Peter; Sheller, Mimi, eds. (2014).
6492:
discursively exemplified by their crowds, their dilapidated buildings, and their "slums."
6288:
Western media tends to present a generalized view of developing countries through biased
5038:
3296:
2946:
2400:
2334:
1896:
1684:
1256:
1252:
900:
635:
349:
10345:
9485:
8291:
8037:
8035:
8033:
7521:
7352:
3099:
The establishment of a healthy democratic state has often been challenged by widespread
3080:
Many developing countries are considered flawed democracies or authoritarian regimes by
12911:
12682:
12498:
11881:
11107:
10287:
10262:
10171:
10154:
9891:
9653:
9572:
9515:
9374:
9123:
8951:
8857:
8738:
8627:
8592:
8524:
8423:
8268:
8260:
8042:
8011:
7752:
7734:
7707:
7672:
7369:
7336:
7300:
7173:
7138:
7067:
7012:
6977:
6943:
6878:
6393:
4596:
3738:
3131:
Creation of special laws dedicated to the corruption itself for specific establishments
2938:
2317:
2081:
1772:
1762:
1628:
1465:
1243:, among other issues. Additionally, these countries' cities are characterized by their
1224:
1049:
970:
865:
664:
645:
412:
333:
10562:
9641:
9551:
9534:
7944:
7599:
3021:
2953:
in Bonn (COP 23): "Climate change adds further injustice to an already unfair world".
2407:
is polluted. As of 2007, half a billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water.
1989:
Percentage of women older than 14 who have experienced violence by an intimate partner
155:) are often used interchangeably but refers only to the economy of the countries. The
12687:
12508:
12212:
11956:
11921:
11820:
11339:
11102:
11086:"Openness and Growth: A Time-series, Cross-country Analysis for Developing Countries"
10799:
10624:
10544:
10534:
10390:
10292:
10176:
9927:
9895:
9883:
9645:
9597:
9576:
9564:
9556:
9507:
9499:
9369:
9287:
9052:
8955:
8849:
8742:
8660:
8650:
8631:
8528:
8485:
8456:
8427:
8217:
8190:
8052:
8030:
8017:
7980:
7711:
7664:
7579:
7554:
7529:
7501:
7418:
7408:
7374:
7305:
7287:
7178:
7160:
7059:
7017:
6999:
6935:
6927:
6882:
6870:
6730:
6636:
6625:
6526:
6503:
6480:
6445:
6422:
5654:
3894:
3803:
3081:
3065:
2839:
2377:
2283:
2075:
2010:
1859:
1623:
1603:
1481:
1304:
1277:
or in the process of industrializing, many of them are current or former subjects of
1274:
1262:
1169:
1119:
1040:
1032:
There is "no established convention" for defining "developing country". According to
1003:
964:
960:
920:
861:
526:
498:
361:
238:
180:
132:
30:
11217:"World Economic Outlook, Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information, April 2023"
11111:
9778:"WHO | Lack of sanitation for 2.4 billion people is undermining health improvements"
9657:
9519:
9238:
9127:
8908:
8861:
8596:
8272:
7756:
7676:
7397:
Statistical Papers – United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report
6947:
2358:
1223:). Most of the Global South's countries are commonly identified as lacking in their
12604:
12379:
12295:
11097:
10791:
10723:"Part One: Chapter 2: Reducing Human Vulnerability: Helping People Help Themselves"
10453:"Developed Countries Are Responsible for 79 Percent of Historical Carbon Emissions"
10382:
10282:
10274:
10166:
9875:
9637:
9546:
9489:
9115:
8941:
8841:
8730:
8691:
8619:
8584:
8516:
8482:
Globalization: The Politics of Global Economic Relations and International Business
8415:
8250:
8122:
7910:
7771:"Memorandum on Reforming Developing-Country Status in the World Trade Organization"
7744:
7699:
7654:
7644:
7600:"Q. How does the WEO categorize advanced versus emerging and developing economies?"
7400:
7364:
7356:
7337:"Global mismatch between greenhouse gas emissions and the burden of climate change"
7295:
7279:
7168:
7150:
7104:
7051:
7007:
6989:
6919:
6860:
6852:
6330:
6140:
5662:
4622:
4323:
3061:
2058:
1729:
1704:
1699:
1248:
927:
908:
631:
623:
548:
543:
530:
423:
400:
365:
325:
297:
10897:
10879:
10593:"Climate finance is in "a terrible sense of limbo", says IIED expert Saleemul Huq"
10374:
8802:
8734:
8419:
7071:
6442:
Global Environmental Governance: Foundations of Contemporary Environmental Studies
2025:, compared to women who have not had experienced any physical or sexual violence.
1160:
12886:
12809:
12626:
12488:
12181:
11814:
10769:
10666:
10531:
Climate vulnerability monitor : a guide to the cold calculus of a hot planet
10478:
10459:
10386:
10057:
9934:
9915:
9819:
9813:
Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines
9271:
9263:
9119:
9010:
8915:
8845:
8588:
7703:
6607:
6596:
4869:
4544:
3162:
3089:
3042:
2980:
2958:
2942:
2883:
2835:
2388:
2261:
2210:
2054:
2046:
2006:
1957:
is found in Ethiopia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. Abuse related to payment of
1912:
1904:
1841:
1637:
1618:
1499:
1188:
1145:
997:
935:
877:
429:
396:
388:
357:
329:
277:
261:
230:
226:
128:
12386:
11784:
9703:
8520:
3227:
The following are considered emerging and developing economies according to the
12567:
12557:
12437:
12310:
10932:
9840:
7775:
7283:
6994:
6305:
5793:
5648:
3142:
2926:
2843:
2313:
2295:
2190:
2148:
2067:
2050:
1552:
1532:
1528:
1492:
1473:
1419:
1184:
896:
519:
445:
392:
289:
242:
210:
198:
61:
10495:"Australia, the US and Europe are climate 'free-riders': it's time to step up"
8664:
8126:
7155:
6923:
6724:
3223:
Emerging and developing economies according to the International Monetary Fund
1588:
1299:
1172:) is highlighted in blue and the Global South (i.e., developing countries and
13040:
12988:
12906:
12851:
12789:
12599:
11338:
over Taiwan, however, some others maintain non-diplomatic relations with the
11053:"Republic of Armenia Anti-Corruption strategy and Implementation Action Plan"
10803:
10548:
9560:
9503:
8946:
8929:
8696:
8679:
8255:
8238:
7748:
7668:
7422:
7291:
7267:
7164:
7003:
6931:
6874:
5306:
3959:
3194:
3154:
2918:
2860:
2434:
2423:
clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as gold and silver mountains
2373:
2367:
2309:
2206:
2140:
1968:
1950:
1946:
1945:
are more prevalent in developing countries than in other parts of the world.
1816:
1812:
1709:
1545:
1399:
1329:
1265:, whereas the Global South consists of the world's developing countries and
1240:
1036:
1026:
1006:. It could assume a desire to develop along the traditional Western model of
931:
916:
218:
10783:
9879:
9494:
9469:
9156:"Papua New Guinea: police cite bride price major factor in marital violence"
8647:
The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world
8473:
8306:
7914:
3045:
can help to slow population growth and decrease poverty in these countries.
724:
448:
for the year 2030 are achieved, they would overcome many of these problems.
12921:
12797:
12531:
12521:
12391:
11979:
11969:
11738:"Dependency Theory: A Useful Tool for Analyzing Global Inequalities Today?"
10795:
10671:
10563:"A plan for the long haul to contribute finance to the European Green Deal"
10296:
10180:
9887:
9649:
9568:
9511:
9347:
8853:
8466:
8152:
Pagel, Heikie; Ranke, Karen; Hempel, Fabian; Köhler, Jonas (11 July 2014).
7378:
7309:
7182:
7063:
7021:
6907:
6716:
6301:
6215:
6049:
5077:
4895:
4856:
4804:
3530:
3170:
3146:
2879:
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2780:
2327:
2287:
2260:
About 892 million people or 12 percent of the global population, practiced
2249:) services is at very low levels in many developing countries. In 2015 the
2172:
2136:
2033:
1900:
1892:
1724:
1694:
1524:
1447:
1427:
1354:
1342:
1338:
1321:
1137:
1131:
1044:
880:, the rate of literacy, freedom index and others. The UN has developed the
595:
575:
478:
473:
The World Bank classifies the world's economies into four groups, based on
353:
281:
273:
269:
265:
249:
191:
10311:
10278:
10195:
8313:
8213:
The Foreign Policies of the Global South: Rethinking Conceptual Frameworks
8154:"The Use of the Concept 'Global South' in Social Science & Humanities"
7392:
6939:
12876:
12861:
12856:
12545:
12526:
12516:
12099:
11974:
11964:
10372:
10051:
China says water pollution so severe that cities could lack safe supplies
10023:"An overview of diarrhea, symptoms, diagnosis and the costs of morbidity"
9142:
Slum Cities and Cities with Slums" States of the World's Cities 2008/2009
8928:
Camba-Crespo, A.; García-Solanes, J.; Torrejón-Flores, F. (7 July 2021).
8927:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8323:
7553:(3rd ed.). Nelson Thornes Ltd. pp. 563, 576–579, 633, and 640.
7404:
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1958:
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1208:
1141:
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11268:
11242:
11157:"Aid for Trade – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"
8623:
8264:
7659:
6865:
1164:
Economic classification of the world's countries and territories by the
864:
relative to their populations, and have, in most cases, a medium to low
163:
per capita: high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low income countries.
16:
Nation with a lower living standard relative to more developed countries
13015:
13003:
12802:
12592:
11488:
11304:"IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, May 1998, p. 134"
11052:
8286:
8284:
8282:
7725:
Taeihagh A (2017). "Crowdsourcing, Sharing Economies and Development".
7108:
6856:
6293:
6289:
5901:
5797:
5155:
4973:
4843:
4440:
4414:
4336:
4258:
4180:
4115:
3881:
3751:
3699:
3582:
3374:
3335:
3100:
3034:
3000:
2984:
2418:
2194:
2156:
is beginning to present within the same communities as undernutrition.
1562:
1239:, inadequate housing, limited educational opportunities, and deficient
1082:
987:
is a reflection of Western-Northern hegemony over the rest of the world
869:
761:
591:
587:
583:
579:
419:
373:
337:
233:), higher proportions of people with tropical and infectious diseases (
202:
156:
10660:"Climate change will determine humanity's destiny, says Angela Merkel"
10472:"The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review Headline Messages"
9997:"World Water Day: A Billion People Worldwide Lack Safe Drinking Water"
9104:
Westra R (2011). "Renewing Socialist Development in the Third World".
8716:"Economic growth, the UN and the Global South: an unfulfilled promise"
8320:
7839:
7649:
7632:
7360:
2905:
A changing climate also results in economic burdens. The economies in
8930:"Current-account breaks and stability spells in a global perspective"
8452:
6840:
6381:
6373:
6101:
5997:
5853:
5709:
5681:
5181:
4921:
4505:
4349:
4037:
3933:
3309:
3093:
3038:
2925:: approximately 40 countries are acutely vulnerable to the impact of
1845:
1714:
1477:
1469:
1216:
1033:
709:
693:
345:
305:
222:
214:
11489:"World Bank Marks Czech Republic's Graduation to 'Developed' Status"
9370:"History has been made: female genital mutilation banned in Nigeria"
8973:"State of the World's Cities Report 2012/2013: Prosperity of Cities"
8544:"If You Shouldn't Call It The Third World, What Should You Call It?"
8366:
8279:
8110:
8051:. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 132.
7871:"If You Shouldn't Call It The Third World, What Should You Call It?"
1531:
in the 20th century, most developing countries had dire need of new
12562:
11156:
8153:
7739:
7055:
6243:
6062:
6010:
5811:
5765:
5669:. Time in brackets is the time to be listed as advanced economies.
5658:
5254:
5233:
4999:
4986:
4947:
4635:
4570:
4401:
4297:
4284:
4141:
3998:
3842:
3829:
3725:
3712:
3647:
3569:
3556:
3517:
3478:
3387:
3166:
3104:
3092:. Following decolonization and independence, elites have often had
2772:
2071:
2018:
1994:
1849:
1387:
1308:
599:
321:
313:
2957:
and climate are inextricably linked, particularly around poverty,
194:" is used by some as an alternative term to developing countries.
11870:
10607:
7981:"Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings"
7039:
6839:
Jetter, Michael; Laudage, Sabine; Stadelmann, David (June 2019).
6631:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. p.
6297:
6088:
5881:
5867:
5825:
5194:
5168:
5142:
5116:
5051:
4882:
4817:
4700:
4531:
4466:
4453:
4427:
4388:
4232:
4219:
4206:
4089:
4011:
3920:
3816:
3764:
3660:
3543:
3452:
3400:
3361:
3322:
3270:
3257:
3203:
3041:
rate) than developed countries. According to the United Nations,
3017:
List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate
2922:
2768:
2363:
2168:
2164:
2153:
2063:
1827:
1689:
1443:
1232:
1212:
904:
309:
253:
206:
10730:
Managing social risks: Empower communities to protect themselves
9307:
8355:
7266:
Molitoris, Joseph; Barclay, Kieron; Kolk, Martin (3 July 2019).
2834:
will be felt around the globe and will result in events such as
1953:
is associated with the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent.
387:
is often low. People in developing countries usually have lower
12374:
10533:. DARA, Climate Vulnerable Forum (2nd ed.). Madrid: DARA.
9812:
9234:
9221:
7498:
Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy
6385:
6173:
6159:
6127:
6075:
6023:
5958:
5839:
5751:
5737:
5695:
5220:
5103:
5090:
5064:
4830:
4726:
4713:
4674:
4609:
4362:
4271:
4167:
4154:
4102:
3972:
3946:
3504:
3491:
3439:
3413:
3283:
2776:
1908:
1541:
1516:
1480:
by the early 21st century, with varying degrees of success and
1407:
1403:
1200:
1015:
974:
697:
689:
317:
257:
12432:
10818:
10687:
7199:
Mohsin, Nazzina; Keenan, Laura; Guo, Jing (20 December 2021).
6715:
5483:
5312:
3107:
and a low confidence and participation in democratic process.
1978:
prohibits female genital mutilation (Article 38). As of 2016,
716:
have been cited and criticized for this self-declared status.
12916:
12622:
12614:
11816:
World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change
9535:"Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines"
9395:
9049:
Spontaneous Shelter: International Perspectives and Prospects
6975:
6377:
6229:
6201:
6187:
6144:
6114:
5984:
5971:
5915:
5779:
5207:
5025:
4960:
4934:
4778:
4687:
4583:
4518:
4492:
4479:
4245:
4128:
4024:
3985:
3907:
3868:
3777:
3634:
3621:
3426:
3003:. Bangladesh created a national programme in 2009 focused on
2867:
like Afghanistan, Haiti, Myanmar, and Somalia, as well as to
2813:
2381:
1431:
1411:
1371:
1350:
1204:
705:
701:
369:
301:
10849:
10688:
Ansuategi, A; Greño, P; Houlden, V; et al. (May 2015).
10381:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 953–1028,
6767:
Fantom, Neil; Khokhar, Tariq; Purdie, Edie (15 April 2016).
5649:
Countries and regions that are graduated developed economies
1261:
More specifically, the Global North consists of the world's
634:, vulnerability to external shocks, excessive dependence on
159:
classifies the world's economies into four groups, based on
12634:
12124:
11641:"World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database"
11611:"World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database"
10763:
Groundswell : Preparing for Internal Climate Migration
9470:"Poverty and access to health care in developing countries"
9004:
The challenge of slums – Global report on Human Settlements
8773:"Aid in reverse: how poor countries develop rich countries"
8678:
Adamson, Fiona B.; Tsourapas, Gerasimos (24 October 2019).
7792:
6257:
5267:
5012:
4648:
4557:
4310:
4193:
4063:
4050:
3855:
3608:
3068:. Droughts and food shortages have been also linked to the
2246:
2236:
2176:
1882:
1872:
1566:
1435:
1391:
1325:
1011:
615:
Developing countries can also be categorized by geography:
403:
are typically substantially higher in those countries. The
341:
12241:
Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity
10375:"Near-term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability"
9533:
Hotez, Peter J.; Bottazzi, Maria Elena (27 January 2022).
9401:
Female genital mutilation (FGM) frequently asked questions
8882:, Development Policy and Analysis Division. 4 March 2010.
7234:"In poor countries birth spacing affects infant mortality"
7040:"Infectious Diseases: Considerations for the 21st Century"
1459:
1390:
to define countries that remained non-aligned with either
957:– to explain the process of modernization within societies
12891:
10880:"How Climate Change Is Spurring Land Conflict in Nigeria"
10152:
8548:
7804:
7802:
7524:(2003). "Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor".
6497:
5666:
2846:, which are dangerous for societies and the environment.
2022:
1979:
1822:
Most developing countries have these criteria in common:
1018:, choose not to follow. Alternative measurements such as
433:
11911:
9268:"Judging other cultures: the case of genital mutilation"
8880:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
8645:
Haas, Hein de; Castles, Stephen; Miller, Mark J (2020).
7437:"New country classifications by income level: 2019–2020"
6682:"Should we continue to use the term "developing world"?"
6657:"Composition of macro geographical (continental) region"
6316:
generous amounts of coverage about developed countries.
934:) have grown substantially. Similarly, countries with a
10898:"The battle on the frontline of climate change in Mali"
10373:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. (2014),
7459:
7095:
Declercq, Eugene; Zephyrin, Laurie (16 December 2020).
6838:
3188:
Investment: Investment has a positive effect on growth.
1949:
is associated with Southeast Asia, including Cambodia.
977:
about how desirable change in society is best achieved.
10982:"Climate change, food shortages, and conflict in Mali"
10675:, 15 November 2017 (page visited on 15 November 2017).
10652:
10312:"Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being"
10230:"Burden of disease from Indoor Air Pollution for 2012"
10196:"Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being"
8314:"Classifications - UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2023"
8151:
7799:
6619:
2822:
Surface air temperature change over the past 50 years.
10819:"Bangladesh global leader in fighting climate change"
9467:
8498:
8048:
Ecological Footprint: Managing Our Biocapacity Budget
2964:
Tackling climate change will only be possible if the
2937:
promised an annual $ 100 billion by 2020 through the
2886:". It has been a topic for discussion at some of the
2143:– children under five years of age, and the elderly.
2085:
Percentage of people with undernutrition by country,
1815:
most often discussed by developing countries include
1195:(UNCTAD), the Global South broadly comprises Africa,
719:
661:, a definition by a program of the IMF and World Bank
10850:"Hamid for active role in climate change adaptation"
10309:
10193:
9626:
9078:. United Nations Habitat Group. 2011. Archived from
8967:
8965:
8505:
Tomlinson, B.R. (2003). "What was the Third World".
7265:
2230:
741: Least developed economies out of scope of the
10524:
10522:
10520:
10072:"As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes"
9672:"Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition"
9593:
World Hunger Routledge Introductions to Development
9191:. Centre for Human Rights Advancement (CEHURA) and
8448:
Urban Poverty in the Global South: Scale and Nature
8444:
8186:
Urban Poverty in the Global South: Scale and Nature
8182:
7097:"Maternal Mortality in the United States: A Primer"
6801:Alhaji, Mohammed M.; Alam, Sartaj (21 March 2019).
6766:
1982:has been legally banned in many African countries.
967:, enriching the latter at the expense of the former
451:
12780:United Nations Industrial Development Organization
12770:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
11769:"An unseen world: How the media portrays the poor"
9439:"Facts and figures: Ending violence against women"
9275:
8909:Criteria for Identification and Graduation of LDCs
8085:"Time to stop referring to the "developing world""
8003:
7496:Bożyk P (2006). "Newly Industrialized Countries".
7334:
2290:use sunlight as energy source for outdoor cooking.
1464:Many developing countries have only attained full
648:often experience economic and other disadvantages)
75:categories (based on 2022 data, published in 2024)
10470:UK Government Official Documents, February 2021,
9940:
8962:
8644:
8111:"On the structure of the present-day convergence"
8041:
5936:
2874:Climate vulnerability has been quantified in the
1911:, poor planning, politics, natural disasters and
556:(also called less economically developed country)
513:
469:A map of World Bank high-income economies in 2023
13038:
12957:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
12927:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
10784:"Bangladesh launches climate change action plan"
10528:
10517:
10379:Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis
9704:"Environment and health in developing countries"
8831:
8677:
8108:
7335:Althor G, Watson JE, Fuller RA (February 2016).
7137:Girum, Tadele; Wasie, Abebaw (7 November 2017).
7094:
3231:'s World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023.
2992:and from areas affected by rising sea level and
2316:. Small-scale renewable energy technologies and
622:(a group of developing countries that are small
12643:India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
10623:. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
9029:. Kenya: UN-Habitat. April 2007. Archived from
8209:
7973:
7198:
6719:; Rosling, Ola; Rosling Rönnlund, Anna (2018).
6421:. United States: Kumarian Press. p. 9-10.
6351:Women migrant workers from developing countries
2040:
983:– holds that the whole concept and practice of
12623:Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
11038:
11036:
11034:
10928:"The Deadliest Conflict You've Never Heard of"
10714:
10451:Center for Global Development, 18 August 2015
9282:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
8535:
6523:Global Catholicism in the Twenty-first Century
6416:
2464:
12765:New World Information and Communication Order
12418:
11897:
11671:"World Economic Outlook, October 2012, p.180"
9532:
7840:"United Nations Millennium Development Goals"
7689:
7489:
7143:Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
6905:
3005:how the country would adapt to climate change
2951:2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2450:
2017:report higher rates of depression, having an
1792:
1022:have been suggested as important indicators.
732: Least developed economies according to
11819:. World Bank Publications. 6 November 2009.
11700:
11698:
11480:
11450:
11448:
11298:
11296:
11294:
11292:
11290:
10260:
10153:Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R (2000).
9073:"Assessing Slums in the Development Context"
8445:Mitlin, Diana; Satterthwaite, David (2013).
8363:"Introduction: Concepts of the Global South"
8236:
7261:
7259:
6296:outlets tend to focus disproportionately on
3159:Civil service reform in developing countries
2979:Climate stress is likely to add to existing
2333:Renewable energy can directly contribute to
11706:"World Economic Outlook, April 2016, p.148"
11547:"World Economic Outlook, April 2014, p.160"
11515:"World Economic Outlook, April 2011, p.172"
11456:"World Economic Outlook, April 2009, p.184"
11421:"World Economic Outlook, April 2008, p.236"
11389:"World Economic Outlook, April 2007, p.204"
11357:"World Economic Outlook, April 2001, p.157"
11031:
11013:"Political factors that affect development"
10847:
10069:
9343:"The Gambia bans female genital mutilation"
8903:
8901:
6477:Disrupted Cities: When Infrastructure Fails
6312:and is thought to be an aid in the divide.
5484:Lower middle income countries by World Bank
5313:Upper middle income countries by World Bank
2341:Kenya is the world leader in the number of
12425:
12411:
12324:Number of broadband Internet subscriptions
11904:
11890:
11579:"World Economic Outlook, April 2015, p.48"
10720:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9474:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
9214:
8405:
7567:
7136:
6982:International Journal for Equity in Health
6800:
6440:Speth, James Gustave; Haas, Peter (2013).
2814:Particular vulnerability to climate change
2765:Indoor air pollution in developing nations
2457:
2443:
2201:Indoor air pollution in developing nations
1799:
1785:
1587:
570:, "countries in transition": all those of
12952:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
11695:
11445:
11287:
11101:
10286:
10170:
10159:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
9990:
9988:
9550:
9493:
9051:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
8945:
8695:
8504:
8254:
8210:Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline Anne (2003).
8016:. New York, New York: The Penguin Press.
7893:
7738:
7658:
7648:
7368:
7299:
7256:
7172:
7154:
7011:
6993:
6906:Rogers, R. G.; Wofford, S. (April 1989).
6864:
6807:Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute
6439:
6368:
6366:
5665:(developed countries and regions) by the
3054:March 2019 attacks against Fulani herders
2913:for the year 2010, mainly due to reduced
2888:United Nations Climate Change Conferences
2828:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2245:Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (
1922:
1454:
991:
56:The latest classifications sorted by the
11486:
11083:
11010:
10346:"GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4)"
9865:
9367:
9262:
9174:– via Violence is not our Culture.
9065:
9016:
8997:
8898:
8649:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 96–123.
8216:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 11.
7724:
3020:
2817:
2372:
2357:
2300:Renewable energy in developing countries
2282:
2080:
1984:
1932:
1544:, for a bargain. Companies based in the
1510:
1298:
1159:
755:
723:
464:
432:or development cooperation is financial
66:
20:
12708:OPEC Fund for International Development
10781:
10310:Duflo E, Greenstone M, Hanna R (2008).
10254:
10194:Duflo E, Greenstone M, Hanna R (2008).
9825:
9800:
9024:"What are slums and why do they exist?"
8484:. Carolina Academic Press. p. 47.
8347:from the original on 12 December 2022.
8145:
7520:
7467:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups"
2759:
1460:Government, politics and administration
248:In addition, there are also often high
13039:
12917:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
11369:from the original on 13 September 2001
11197:from the original on 27 September 2020
11167:from the original on 10 September 2020
10940:from the original on 18 February 2019.
10782:Gilbert, Natasha (11 September 2008).
10702:from the original on 26 September 2015
10683:
10681:
10613:
10489:
10487:
10421:
10419:
10417:
10368:
10366:
9985:
9859:
9620:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9220:
9193:South African Medical Research Council
9103:
9097:
9046:
8868:
8770:
8709:
8707:
8609:
8541:
8479:
7942:
7868:
7573:
7514:
7228:
7226:
7194:
7192:
7132:
7130:
7090:
7088:
7033:
7031:
6971:
6969:
6901:
6899:
6474:
6407:
6363:
6278:
945:
938:stronghold also see a greater rate of
678:
652:
418:Developing countries often have lower
12406:
11885:
11766:
11621:from the original on 29 December 2017
11468:from the original on 14 November 2011
11187:"Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals"
10962:from the original on 13 November 2021
10860:from the original on 30 November 2020
10829:from the original on 27 November 2020
10261:Ezzati M, Kammen DM (November 2002).
10222:
10134:from the original on 12 February 2022
9975:"Investing in Tomorrow's Liquid Gold"
9966:
9718:from the original on 14 November 2020
9708:Priority environment and health risks
9589:
9526:
9394:
9340:
8876:"Criteria For Identification Of LDCs"
8574:
8237:Dados N, Connell R (1 January 2012).
8164:from the original on 13 December 2021
8065:from the original on 30 December 2019
8009:
7991:from the original on 10 February 2005
7783:from the original on 16 February 2023
7548:
7495:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7037:
6834:
6832:
6796:
6794:
6692:from the original on 11 February 2023
6520:
6465:
6346:List of countries by wealth per adult
6143:" groups and are together called the
2438:
2403:) every day. About 90 percent of the
2070:worldwide is important to combatting
1551:This arrangement is sometimes called
750: Graduated to developing economy
667:, moving from a centrally planned to
12902:African, Caribbean and Pacific Group
12775:United Nations Development Programme
12673:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
11912:Economic classification of countries
11683:from the original on 20 October 2012
11495:from the original on 12 January 2008
11401:from the original on 5 November 2011
11136:
10499:The Conversation (Australia edition)
10326:from the original on 10 January 2010
10210:from the original on 10 January 2010
10070:Kahn J, Yardley J (26 August 2007).
9994:
9972:
9847:from the original on 15 October 2019
8783:from the original on 10 October 2019
7924:from the original on 3 February 2013
7630:
7477:from the original on 28 October 2019
6762:
6760:
6758:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6500:The Routledge Handbook of Mobilities
3025:Map of countries and territories by
3010:
2909:have lost an average of 7% of their
2241:Water issues in developing countries
2003:sexual violence by intimate partners
1572:
1446:, and their allies represented the "
1311:(between 30 April and 24 June 1975)
11813:
11748:from the original on 2 October 2020
11316:from the original on 18 August 2000
10908:from the original on 9 October 2021
10816:
10749:
10678:
10484:
10429:. PreventionWeb.net. Archived from
10414:
10363:
9921:
9902:
9426:
9355:from the original on 4 January 2018
8985:from the original on 4 October 2013
8752:from the original on 13 August 2021
8713:
8704:
8365:. gssc.uni-koeln.de. Archived from
7899:
7542:
7447:from the original on 7 January 2021
7223:
7189:
7127:
7085:
7028:
6966:
6896:
6557:
6417:Thomas-Slayter, Barbara P. (2003).
3209:Global partnership: A provision of
2921:. Another example is the impact on
2222:Non communicable diseases and weak
1076:less economically developed country
522:as opposed to the overall economy.
460:
13:
12750:Global System of Trade Preferences
11718:from the original on 17 April 2016
11651:from the original on 16 April 2023
11591:from the original on 13 April 2015
11487:Velinger, Jan (28 February 2006).
11223:from the original on 16 April 2023
10060:". Chinadaily.com.cn. 7 June 2005.
9412:from the original on 4 August 2019
9368:Richards, Kimberly (3 June 2015).
9162:. 21 November 2011. Archived from
8480:Mimiko, Nahzeem Oluwafemi (2012).
8230:
8183:Mitlin D, Satterthwaite D (2013).
7985:United Nations Statistics Division
7862:
7692:The Journal of Development Studies
7612:from the original on 17 April 2020
7578:(4th ed.). Cengage Learning.
7429:
7323:
7211:from the original on 14 April 2022
7115:from the original on 23 March 2021
6954:from the original on 14 April 2022
6829:
6791:
6743:from the original on 10 April 2019
6134:
5653:The following list, including the
3075:
3050:herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria
2353:
2182:Tropical and infectious diseases (
1422:and other allies represented the "
720:Measure and concept of development
578:(USSR) countries in Central Asia (
14:
13108:
12231:Research and development spending
11834:
11791:from the original on 16 July 2022
11559:from the original on 8 April 2014
11118:from the original on 20 July 2018
11019:from the original on 21 June 2020
10573:from the original on 19 June 2021
10267:Environmental Health Perspectives
10242:from the original on 5 April 2022
10108:from the original on 8 March 2022
10082:from the original on 22 July 2016
9552:10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212
8886:from the original on 20 June 2019
8813:from the original on 25 July 2021
8771:Hickel, Jason (14 January 2017).
8556:from the original on 1 April 2020
8133:from the original on 8 April 2022
7909:. Heidelberg University Library.
7881:from the original on 1 April 2020
7551:Geography, An Integrated Approach
7443:. World Bank Blogs. 1 July 2019.
7244:from the original on 29 June 2022
6779:from the original on 6 March 2023
6755:
6667:
6659:. United Nation s. Archived from
6649:
6571:from the original on 3 March 2023
6525:. Springer Singapore. p. 9.
6283:
3141:or depletion of those resources;
2794:
2231:Water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH)
1844:weakness (based on indicators of
1168:in 2023: the Global North (i.e.,
1070:aspect of the word "developing",
1039:, the current divide between the
13057:Economic country classifications
12760:New International Economic Order
12740:Infrastructure-based development
12385:
12373:
12274:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI
12150:List of countries by median wage
12145:Employee compensation (per hour)
11869:
11760:
11730:
11663:
11633:
11603:
11571:
11539:
11507:
11433:from the original on 16 May 2011
11413:
11381:
11349:
11328:
11275:from the original on 25 May 2023
11261:
11249:from the original on 25 May 2023
11235:
11209:
11179:
11149:
11130:
11090:Journal of Development Economics
11077:
11065:from the original on 31 May 2011
11045:
11011:Williams, Jeremy (1 July 2007).
11004:
10974:
10944:
10920:
10890:
10872:
10841:
10810:
10775:
10755:
10585:
10555:
10464:
10445:
10403:from the original on 1 June 2020
10338:
10303:
10187:
10146:
10120:
10094:
10063:
10043:
10015:
9748:"Key facts from JMP 2015 report"
9449:from the original on 25 May 2019
9341:Lyons, Kate (24 November 2015).
9316:from the original on 26 May 2019
7947:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
7820:from the original on 21 May 2019
6264:
6250:
6236:
6222:
6208:
6194:
6180:
6166:
6152:
6120:
6107:
6094:
6081:
6068:
6055:
6042:
6029:
6016:
6003:
5990:
5977:
5964:
5951:
5922:
5908:
5894:
5874:
5860:
5846:
5832:
5818:
5804:
5786:
5772:
5758:
5744:
5730:
5716:
5702:
5688:
5674:
5299:
5294:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
5286:
5273:
5260:
5247:
5226:
5213:
5200:
5187:
5174:
5161:
5148:
5135:
5122:
5109:
5096:
5083:
5070:
5057:
5044:
5031:
5018:
5005:
4992:
4979:
4966:
4953:
4940:
4927:
4914:
4901:
4888:
4875:
4862:
4849:
4836:
4823:
4810:
4797:
4784:
4771:
4766:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4758:
4745:
4732:
4719:
4706:
4693:
4680:
4667:
4654:
4641:
4628:
4615:
4602:
4589:
4576:
4563:
4550:
4537:
4524:
4511:
4498:
4485:
4472:
4459:
4446:
4433:
4420:
4407:
4394:
4381:
4368:
4355:
4342:
4329:
4316:
4303:
4290:
4277:
4264:
4251:
4238:
4225:
4212:
4199:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4134:
4121:
4108:
4095:
4082:
4069:
4056:
4043:
4030:
4017:
4004:
3991:
3978:
3965:
3952:
3939:
3926:
3913:
3900:
3887:
3874:
3861:
3848:
3835:
3822:
3809:
3796:
3783:
3770:
3757:
3744:
3731:
3718:
3705:
3692:
3679:
3674:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3666:
3653:
3640:
3627:
3614:
3601:
3588:
3575:
3562:
3549:
3536:
3523:
3510:
3497:
3484:
3471:
3458:
3445:
3432:
3419:
3406:
3393:
3380:
3367:
3354:
3341:
3328:
3315:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3217:
3176:
2897:'s chief climate change expert.
2009:by a non-partner (not including
1557:New International Economic Order
1291:This section is an excerpt from
1152:This section is an excerpt from
1097:
477:per capita calculated using the
452:Terms used to classify countries
12882:G33 developing countries (G-33)
12578:World Conference against Racism
12473:Heavily indebted poor countries
12463:Landlocked developing countries
11932:Heavily indebted poor countries
11527:from the original on 6 May 2011
10992:from the original on 5 May 2021
10739:from the original on 7 May 2011
10505:from the original on 4 May 2018
9948:"China Climate Change Info-Net"
9770:
9740:
9730:
9696:
9664:
9610:
9583:
9461:
9382:from the original on 8 May 2016
9328:
9300:
9256:
9178:
9148:
9134:
9040:
9013:, United Nations Habitat (2003)
8921:
8825:
8795:
8764:
8671:
8638:
8603:
8568:
8542:Silver, Marc (4 January 2015).
8508:Journal of Contemporary History
8438:
8399:
8203:
8176:
8115:Campus-Wide Information Systems
8109:Korotayev A, Zinkina J (2014).
8102:
8077:
7961:from the original on 3 May 2019
7936:
7903:The Bhutanese development story
7869:Silver, Marc (4 January 2015).
7850:from the original on 4 May 2007
7832:
7763:
7727:Journal of Developing Societies
7718:
7683:
7624:
7592:
7385:
6627:Economics: Principles in Action
6567:. International Monetary Fund.
3211:Sustainable Development Goal 17
3090:Democracy Index (The Economist)
2970:Sustainable Development Goal 13
1197:Latin America and the Caribbean
1125:
1108:landlocked developing countries
1010:which a few countries, such as
659:Heavily indebted poor countries
642:Landlocked Developing Countries
610:
241:, and generally poorer quality
169:landlocked developing countries
12962:Small Island Developing States
12755:Protocol on Trade Negotiations
11947:World Bank high-income economy
11807:
10529:Matthew McKinnon, ed. (2012).
9406:United Nations Population Fund
8684:International Migration Review
8382:"Concepts of the Global South"
8292:"UNCTADstat - Classifications"
7814:United Nations Population Fund
7528:. Princeton University Press.
7393:"World population ageing 2013"
6613:
6583:
6402:Small Island Developing States
6139:Nine countries belong to the "
5937:Newly industrialized countries
5460:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
4376:Federated States of Micronesia
3199:Sustainable Development Goal 8
2968:(SDGs) are met, in particular
2869:Small Island Developing States
2345:systems installed per capita.
2269:Sustainable Development Goal 6
1866:
1848:, health, education and adult
1285:
1112:small island developing states
620:Small Island Developing States
539:Newly industrialized countries
514:By markets and economic growth
481:, re-set each year on 1 July:
173:small island developing states
1:
12872:G20 developing nations (G-20)
11767:Philo, Greg (November 2001).
11058:. Republic of Armenia. 2003.
10772:. World Bank, Washington, DC.
10695:. CDKN & HR Wallingford.
9642:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4
8735:10.1080/01436597.2016.1154440
8420:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.11.001
8335:"Handbook of Statistics 2022"
8158:Humboldt University of Berlin
7038:Fauci, A. S. (1 March 2001).
6721:"Chapter 1: The Gap Instinct"
6550:
5941:Ten countries belong to the "
2966:Sustainable Development Goals
2876:Climate Vulnerability Monitor
2273:Sustainable Development Goals
1378:, and other neutral countries
1341:: Countries aligned with the
1320:: Countries aligned with the
1154:Global North and Global South
1074:have started to use the term
890:Sustainable Development Goals
491:upper-middle income countries
488:lower-middle income countries
442:Sustainable Development Goals
141:low and middle-income country
31:Developed countries or cities
12932:International Solar Alliance
12494:Newly industrialized country
12286:Percentage living in poverty
11942:Newly industrialized country
11860:Resources in other libraries
11139:World Bank Discussion Papers
11103:10.1016/0304-3878(95)00042-9
10848:Star Report (10 July 2019).
10387:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.023
9195:. April 2012. Archived from
9120:10.1080/00472336.2011.610612
9107:Journal of Contemporary Asia
8846:10.1080/17441692.2012.679741
8714:Roy, Pallavi (2 July 2016).
8589:10.1080/01436597.2010.488465
7704:10.1080/00220388.2013.822071
7044:Clinical Infectious Diseases
6912:Journal of Biosocial Science
6444:. Island Press. p. 58.
5943:newly industrialized country
3151:Debt of developing countries
2857:vulnerable to climate change
2809:Climate change in South Asia
2405:water in the cities of China
2348:
2041:Healthcare and public health
1997:facts and figures on ending
1088:World Development Indicators
886:Millennium Development Goals
638:, and fragile environments).
626:which tend to share similar
566:(IMF) put it, following the
7:
12999:International Monetary Fund
12698:Common Fund for Commodities
12236:Stock market capitalization
12202:Financial assets per capita
11344:Foreign relations of Taiwan
10817:Haq, Naimul (9 July 2019).
9999:. About.com. Archived from
8521:10.1177/0022009403038002135
8301:Australia, and New Zealand.
7605:International Monetary Fund
7500:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
6398:International Monetary Fund
6319:
5796:(since 2009, since 2006 by
5241:Countries not listed by IMF
3229:International Monetary Fund
3096:control of the government.
2184:neglected tropical diseases
1072:international organizations
564:International Monetary Fund
235:neglected tropical diseases
10:
13113:
12937:Melanesian Spearhead Group
12693:Caribbean Development Bank
12637:(BRICS minus South Africa)
11336:People's Republic of China
8340:. unctad.org. p. 21.
7284:10.1007/s13524-019-00798-y
6995:10.1186/s12939-020-01315-z
6502:. Routledge. p. 470.
6479:. Routledge. p. 131.
3058:Sudanese nomadic conflicts
3014:
2900:
2852:adapting to climate change
2798:
2465:Water pollution by country
2293:
2234:
1926:
1870:
1506:
1420:Western European countries
1353:, and allies), led by the
1290:
1151:
1129:
995:
607:global financial system".
572:Central and Eastern Europe
422:than developed countries.
38: Developing countries
13062:International development
12975:
12840:
12832:World Health Organization
12788:
12716:
12655:
12613:
12553:
12544:
12507:
12481:
12468:Least developed countries
12453:
12444:
12368:
12342:
12309:
12249:
12210:
12180:
12123:
12084:
12035:
11998:
11988:
11955:
11937:Least developed countries
11917:
11855:Resources in your library
11742:E-International Relations
10128:""煤改气"是碳达峰的重要一环，需求有望超预期！"
9973:Pink DH (19 April 2006).
9752:World Health Organization
9712:World Health Organization
9596:. Routledge. p. 20.
9539:Annual Review of Medicine
9009:21 September 2013 at the
8934:Applied Economic Analysis
8189:. Routledge. p. 13.
8127:10.1108/CWIS-11-2013-0064
7637:Development Policy Review
7526:The Limits of Convergence
7471:World Bank Data Help Desk
7156:10.1186/s40748-017-0059-8
6924:10.1017/s0021932000017934
6590:Least Developed Countries
6521:Lynch, Andrew P. (2018).
6390:Human Development Indices
6336:International development
6310:Global South to the North
3135:
2907:Least Developed Countries
2832:effects of climate change
2801:Effects of climate change
2470:
2278:
2251:World Health Organization
2015:intimate partner violence
1965:Female genital mutilation
1735:Environmental determinism
1652:Neoclassical growth model
1267:least developed countries
1174:least developed countries
1104:Least developed countries
812: $ 10,000 – $ 20,000
804: $ 20,000 – $ 30,000
796: $ 30,000 – $ 40,000
788: $ 40,000 – $ 50,000
780: $ 50,000 – $ 60,000
554:Least developed countries
444:which were set up by the
405:effects of climate change
165:Least developed countries
46:Least developed countries
13009:World Trade Organization
12947:Polynesian Leaders Group
12329:Number of Internet users
12221:Gross National Happiness
10567:European Investment Bank
10458:22 December 2020 at the
9995:West L (26 March 2006).
9677:. UNICEF. Archived from
9278:Sex & social justice
8947:10.1108/AEA-02-2021-0029
8697:10.1177/0197918319879057
8296:UN Trade and Development
8256:10.1177/1536504212436479
7810:"Population and poverty"
7749:10.1177/0169796x17710072
6845:Social Science Quarterly
6729:. Sceptre. p. 353.
6606:21 December 2019 at the
6475:Graham, Stephen (2010).
6356:
3596:Central African Republic
2927:greenhouse gas emissions
2895:European Investment Bank
2805:Climate change in Africa
2216:Motor vehicle collisions
2145:Malnutrition in children
1907:, forced or manipulated
1893:rural-to-urban migration
1657:Endogenous growth theory
1638:Economic growth theories
1519:(in trillions USD), 2018
1328:and allies), led by the
1227:, which includes having
1193:UN Trade and Development
1176:) is highlighted in red.
1092:Global Monitoring Report
1054:Global Footprint Network
1020:gross national happiness
820: $ 5,000 – $ 10,000
568:fall of the Soviet Union
13092:Sustainable development
13052:Geographical neologisms
12994:Global financial system
12745:Sustainable development
12434:South–South cooperation
12259:Human Development Index
9977:. Yahoo. Archived from
9880:10.1126/science.1222307
9495:10.1196/annals.1425.011
8807:Encyclopedia Britannica
8045:; Beyers, Bert (2019).
8010:Sachs, Jeffrey (2005).
7943:Rodney, Walter (1973).
7915:10.11588/xarep.00000305
7576:Principles of Economics
7238:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
3086:V-Dem Democracy indices
2219:Unintentional poisoning
1836:least developed country
1515:World regions by total
1237:population growth rates
882:Human Development Index
836: $ 1,000 – $ 2,500
828: $ 2,500 – $ 5,000
628:sustainable development
356:, inadequate access to
137:Human Development Index
73:Human Development Index
71:World map representing
13047:Economic globalization
12810:Pharmaceutical patents
12678:Asian Development Bank
12355:Per capita (creditors)
12334:Smartphone penetration
11990:Gross domestic product
11957:Three/Four-World Model
11874:Quotations related to
11269:"World Bank Open Data"
11243:"World Bank Open Data"
10796:10.1038/news.2008.1103
10235:. WHO. 24 March 2014.
10032:. 2010. Archived from
9811:WHO and UNICEF (2017)
7631:Koch S (1 June 2015).
6623:, Sheffrin SM (2003).
6392:and are classified as
6304:' is characterized by
5343:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3466:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3153:) and underperforming
3070:Northern Mali conflict
3030:
2911:gross domestic product
2836:extreme weather events
2823:
2385:
2370:
2291:
2133:
1999:violence against women
1990:
1943:violence against women
1938:
1929:Violence against women
1923:Violence against women
1856:Economic vulnerability
1667:Balanced growth theory
1520:
1478:democratic governments
1455:Common characteristics
1380:
1177:
992:Criticisms of the term
981:Postdevelopment theory
874:gross domestic product
857:
753:
604:World Economic Outlook
470:
239:road traffic accidents
149:newly emerging economy
131:with a less developed
120:
64:
53: Data unavailable
13087:Political pejoratives
13026:Global digital divide
12912:Afro–Asian Conference
12822:Test data exclusivity
12735:Flying geese paradigm
12319:ICT Development Index
12301:Social Progress Index
12086:Gross national income
10952:"The Sahel in flames"
10768:22 March 2018 at the
10665:19 March 2018 at the
10279:10.1289/ehp.021101057
9914:30 March 2012 at the
8723:Third World Quarterly
8577:Third World Quarterly
5604:São Tomé and Príncipe
5574:Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
4792:São Tomé and Príncipe
4740:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3687:Republic of the Congo
3109:Political instability
3024:
2821:
2799:Further information:
2416:CCP general secretary
2393:water resource policy
2376:
2361:
2286:
2235:Further information:
2084:
1988:
1955:Marriage by abduction
1936:
1899:and depression, high
1662:Unified growth theory
1581:Development economics
1514:
1302:
1163:
1116:high-income countries
996:Further information:
759:
727:
669:market-driven economy
602:. By 2009, the IMF's
508:Historical thresholds
495:high income countries
475:gross national income
468:
409:climate vulnerability
177:high-income countries
161:gross national income
70:
24:
13072:Economic development
13021:Financial regulation
12897:Non-Aligned Movement
12703:New Development Bank
12668:Asian Clearing Union
12629:(BRICS minus Russia)
12380:Economics portal
12360:Per capita (debtors)
12226:Net material product
11744:. 23 November 2016.
10956:The New Humanitarian
10102:"习近平：绿水青山就是金山银山_新华网"
10056:30 June 2017 at the
9909:Power for the People
9818:25 July 2019 at the
9714:. 8 September 2016.
8914:25 July 2019 at the
8834:Global Public Health
7405:10.18356/30d0966c-en
6775:. World Bank Blogs.
6688:. 16 November 2015.
6272:United Arab Emirates
5130:United Arab Emirates
3830:Eswatini (Swaziland)
3113:political corruption
2955:Economic development
2931:Cancún COP16 in 2010
2838:, droughts, floods,
2760:Indoor air pollution
2362:Factory in China at
2306:dry animal dung fuel
1830:– measured based on
1676:Fields and subfields
1368:Non-Aligned Movement
1008:economic development
955:Modernization theory
940:economic development
714:United Arab Emirates
688:, countries such as
646:landlocked countries
485:low-income countries
366:informal settlements
294:human capital flight
13097:Imperialism studies
12730:Developmental state
12346:investment position
12291:Human Capital Index
12281:Human Poverty Index
12269:inequality-adjusted
12070:per person employed
11084:Harrison A (1996).
10936:. 23 January 2019.
10904:. 22 January 2019.
10658:Damian Carrington,
10640:on 29 February 2012
10603:on 12 October 2012.
10501:. 5 February 2016.
10477:20 May 2022 at the
10003:on 27 December 2016
9933:27 May 2008 at the
9486:2008NYASA1136..161P
9166:on 18 February 2015
9036:on 6 February 2011.
8624:10.1057/pol.2012.19
8387:. gssc.uni-koeln.de
8369:on 4 September 2016
8043:Wackernagel, Mathis
7353:2016NatSR...620281A
6813:(1). Archived from
6595:17 May 2011 at the
6279:Society and culture
5039:Trinidad and Tobago
3297:Antigua and Barbuda
2947:President of France
2401:waterborne diseases
2335:poverty alleviation
2119: 25.0% – 34.9%
2113: 15.0% – 24.9%
1976:Istanbul Convention
1897:economic stagnation
1685:Economic inequality
1596:Economies by region
1386:" arose during the
1263:developed countries
1257:Southern Hemisphere
1253:Northern Hemisphere
1245:poor infrastructure
1170:developed countries
1120:developed countries
946:Associated theories
901:liberation theology
679:By self declaration
653:By other parameters
636:international trade
527:Developed countries
499:developed countries
350:economic inequality
213:, higher levels of
181:developed countries
13067:Economic geography
12942:North–South Summit
12683:Arab Monetary Fund
12499:Transition economy
12344:Net international
12095:Nominal per capita
12013:past and projected
11927:Developing country
11876:Developing country
11846:Developing country
11773:The UNESCO Courier
9954:on 5 November 2013
9837:data.worldbank.org
9684:on 12 January 2021
9047:Patton CV (1988).
8239:"the global south"
8013:The End of Poverty
7574:Mankiw NG (2007).
7341:Scientific Reports
7109:10.26099/ta1q-mw24
6857:10.1111/ssqu.12638
6394:advanced economies
5663:advanced economies
5640:West Bank and Gaza
5550:Iran, Islamic Rep.
5367:Dominican Republic
4490:
3739:Dominican Republic
3031:
2939:Green Climate Fund
2915:labor productivity
2824:
2539:Dominican Republic
2386:
2371:
2318:distributed energy
2292:
2134:
2107: 5.0% – 14.9%
2087:World Food Program
2051:maternal mortality
1991:
1939:
1647:Harrod–Domar model
1521:
1466:self-determination
1381:
1225:standard of living
1199:, Asia (excluding
1178:
1050:Mathis Wackernagel
973:– a collection of
971:Development theory
866:standard of living
858:
772: >$ 60,000
754:
665:Transition economy
471:
413:climate resilience
393:maternal mortality
252:rates, widespread
125:developing country
121:
65:
13034:
13033:
12651:
12650:
12540:
12539:
12400:
12399:
12251:Human development
12213:national accounts
12115:Disposable income
12110:Per capita growth
12080:
12079:
11922:Developed country
11841:Library resources
11826:978-0-8213-7988-2
11340:Republic of China
10988:. 27 April 2015.
10630:978-1-901795-76-9
10614:Müller B (2008).
10396:978-1-107-41532-4
9981:on 23 April 2006.
9636:(9890): 452–477.
9398:(December 2015).
9312:. 12 April 2011.
9085:on 5 January 2014
9058:978-0-87722-507-2
8840:(sup1): S16–S28.
8656:978-1-352-00798-5
8491:978-1-61163-129-6
7793:National Archives
7698:(12): 1728–1745.
7650:10.1111/dpr.12119
7585:978-0-324-22472-6
7560:978-0-17-444706-1
7535:978-0-691-11633-4
7507:978-0-7546-4638-9
7361:10.1038/srep20281
7101:Commonwealth Fund
6817:on 2 October 2020
6736:978-1-250-10781-7
6642:978-0-13-063085-8
6532:978-981-10-7802-6
6509:978-1-317-93413-4
6486:978-1-135-85199-6
6451:978-1-59726-605-5
6428:978-1-56549-174-8
5655:Four Asian Tigers
5373:Equatorial Guinea
3804:Equatorial Guinea
3082:democracy indices
3066:population growth
3011:Population growth
2990:crop productivity
2840:biodiversity loss
2756:
2755:
2378:Plastic pollution
2101: 2.5% – 5.0%
2076:COVID-19 pandemic
2011:sexual harassment
1941:Several forms of
1860:natural disasters
1809:
1808:
1573:Common challenges
1482:political liberty
1231:, high levels of
1004:developed country
961:Dependency theory
921:political economy
862:industrialization
844: <$ 1,000
632:natural disasters
531:developed markets
389:life expectancies
362:teenage pregnancy
13104:
12827:Doha Declaration
12638:
12630:
12605:Post-Western era
12551:
12550:
12489:Emerging markets
12451:
12450:
12427:
12420:
12413:
12404:
12403:
12392:World portal
12390:
12389:
12378:
12377:
12296:Household income
12190:Wealth per adult
12053:future estimates
11996:
11995:
11906:
11899:
11892:
11883:
11882:
11873:
11830:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11796:
11764:
11758:
11757:
11755:
11753:
11734:
11728:
11727:
11725:
11723:
11717:
11710:
11702:
11693:
11692:
11690:
11688:
11682:
11675:
11667:
11661:
11660:
11658:
11656:
11637:
11631:
11630:
11628:
11626:
11607:
11601:
11600:
11598:
11596:
11590:
11583:
11575:
11569:
11568:
11566:
11564:
11558:
11551:
11543:
11537:
11536:
11534:
11532:
11526:
11519:
11511:
11505:
11504:
11502:
11500:
11491:. Radio Prague.
11484:
11478:
11477:
11475:
11473:
11467:
11460:
11452:
11443:
11442:
11440:
11438:
11432:
11425:
11417:
11411:
11410:
11408:
11406:
11400:
11393:
11385:
11379:
11378:
11376:
11374:
11368:
11361:
11353:
11347:
11332:
11326:
11325:
11323:
11321:
11315:
11308:
11300:
11285:
11284:
11282:
11280:
11265:
11259:
11258:
11256:
11254:
11239:
11233:
11232:
11230:
11228:
11213:
11207:
11206:
11204:
11202:
11191:The Global Goals
11183:
11177:
11176:
11174:
11172:
11153:
11147:
11146:
11134:
11128:
11127:
11125:
11123:
11105:
11081:
11075:
11074:
11072:
11070:
11064:
11057:
11049:
11043:
11040:
11029:
11028:
11026:
11024:
11008:
11002:
11001:
10999:
10997:
10978:
10972:
10971:
10969:
10967:
10948:
10942:
10941:
10924:
10918:
10917:
10915:
10913:
10894:
10888:
10887:
10876:
10870:
10869:
10867:
10865:
10845:
10839:
10838:
10836:
10834:
10814:
10808:
10807:
10779:
10773:
10759:
10753:
10747:
10746:
10744:
10738:
10727:
10721:The World Bank,
10718:
10712:
10711:
10709:
10707:
10701:
10694:
10685:
10676:
10656:
10650:
10649:
10647:
10645:
10639:
10633:. Archived from
10622:
10611:
10605:
10604:
10599:. Archived from
10589:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10578:
10559:
10553:
10552:
10526:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10510:
10491:
10482:
10468:
10462:
10449:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10438:
10433:on 11 March 2012
10423:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10408:
10370:
10361:
10360:
10358:
10356:
10342:
10336:
10335:
10333:
10331:
10307:
10301:
10300:
10290:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10247:
10241:
10234:
10226:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10215:
10191:
10185:
10184:
10174:
10150:
10144:
10143:
10141:
10139:
10124:
10118:
10117:
10115:
10113:
10098:
10092:
10091:
10089:
10087:
10067:
10061:
10047:
10041:
10040:
10038:
10027:
10019:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10008:
9992:
9983:
9982:
9970:
9964:
9963:
9961:
9959:
9950:. Archived from
9944:
9938:
9925:
9919:
9906:
9900:
9899:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9829:
9823:
9809:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9784:. Archived from
9774:
9768:
9767:
9765:
9763:
9754:. Archived from
9744:
9738:
9734:
9728:
9727:
9725:
9723:
9700:
9694:
9693:
9691:
9689:
9683:
9676:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9624:
9618:
9614:
9608:
9607:
9590:Young L (2002).
9587:
9581:
9580:
9554:
9530:
9524:
9523:
9497:
9465:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9435:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9417:
9391:
9389:
9387:
9364:
9362:
9360:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9304:
9298:
9297:
9281:
9260:
9254:
9253:
9251:
9249:
9243:
9237:. Archived from
9232:
9224:(22 July 2013).
9218:
9212:
9211:
9209:
9207:
9201:
9190:
9182:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9152:
9146:
9145:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9101:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9084:
9077:
9069:
9063:
9062:
9044:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9028:
9020:
9014:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8990:
8984:
8977:
8969:
8960:
8959:
8949:
8925:
8919:
8905:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8891:
8872:
8866:
8865:
8829:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8818:
8803:"Neocolonialism"
8799:
8793:
8792:
8790:
8788:
8768:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8751:
8729:(7): 1284–1297.
8720:
8711:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8675:
8669:
8668:
8642:
8636:
8635:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8572:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8561:
8539:
8533:
8532:
8502:
8496:
8495:
8477:
8471:
8470:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8408:Transport Policy
8403:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8392:
8386:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8346:
8339:
8331:
8318:
8317:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8288:
8277:
8276:
8258:
8234:
8228:
8227:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8180:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8169:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8121:(2/3): 139–152.
8106:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8089:World Bank Blogs
8081:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8039:
8028:
8027:
8007:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7996:
7987:. 2003. Note b.
7977:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7960:
7953:
7940:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7923:
7908:
7897:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7866:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7836:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7825:
7806:
7797:
7796:
7790:
7788:
7779:. 26 July 2019.
7767:
7761:
7760:
7742:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7687:
7681:
7680:
7662:
7652:
7628:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7596:
7590:
7589:
7571:
7565:
7564:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7518:
7512:
7511:
7493:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7372:
7332:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7303:
7278:(4): 1349–1370.
7263:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7230:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7196:
7187:
7186:
7176:
7158:
7134:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7092:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7035:
7026:
7025:
7015:
6997:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6903:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6868:
6851:(4): 1387–1403.
6836:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6798:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6784:
6764:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6713:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6686:World Bank blogs
6678:
6665:
6664:
6663:on 6 March 2010.
6653:
6647:
6646:
6630:
6617:
6611:
6587:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6561:
6544:
6540:
6517:
6494:
6469:
6463:
6459:
6436:
6411:
6405:
6370:
6331:Economic miracle
6270:
6268:
6267:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6141:emerging markets
6126:
6124:
6123:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6009:
6007:
6006:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5595:Papua New Guinea
5526:Egypt, Arab Rep.
5418:Marshall Islands
5305:
5303:
5302:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5011:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4623:Papua New Guinea
4621:
4619:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4324:Marshall Islands
4322:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3062:land degradation
2459:
2452:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2380:at a beach near
2324:Renewable energy
2205:Pollution (e.g.
2130:
2125: Over 35.0%
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2095: Under 2.5%
2094:
2059:infant mortality
1913:social conflicts
1905:informal economy
1801:
1794:
1787:
1730:Decentralization
1591:
1577:
1576:
1488:' is defined by
1361:
1336:
1315:
1249:Northern America
1066:To moderate the
928:secondary sector
909:anti-imperialism
851:
843:
835:
827:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
749:
740:
731:
624:island countries
549:Frontier markets
544:Emerging markets
510:are documented.
461:By income groups
424:Population aging
401:infant mortality
354:school desertion
334:drug trafficking
326:arms trafficking
298:informal economy
114:
106:
98:
90:
82:
52:
43:
37:
28:
13112:
13111:
13107:
13106:
13105:
13103:
13102:
13101:
13082:Human geography
13037:
13036:
13035:
13030:
12982:
12979:
12971:
12845:
12843:
12836:
12784:
12723:
12720:
12712:
12647:
12636:
12628:
12625:
12609:
12536:
12503:
12477:
12440:
12431:
12401:
12396:
12384:
12372:
12364:
12345:
12338:
12305:
12245:
12206:
12176:
12119:
12076:
12038:
12031:
11984:
11951:
11913:
11910:
11866:
11865:
11864:
11849:
11848:
11844:
11837:
11827:
11810:
11805:
11804:
11794:
11792:
11765:
11761:
11751:
11749:
11736:
11735:
11731:
11721:
11719:
11715:
11708:
11704:
11703:
11696:
11686:
11684:
11680:
11673:
11669:
11668:
11664:
11654:
11652:
11639:
11638:
11634:
11624:
11622:
11609:
11608:
11604:
11594:
11592:
11588:
11581:
11577:
11576:
11572:
11562:
11560:
11556:
11549:
11545:
11544:
11540:
11530:
11528:
11524:
11517:
11513:
11512:
11508:
11498:
11496:
11485:
11481:
11471:
11469:
11465:
11458:
11454:
11453:
11446:
11436:
11434:
11430:
11423:
11419:
11418:
11414:
11404:
11402:
11398:
11391:
11387:
11386:
11382:
11372:
11370:
11366:
11359:
11355:
11354:
11350:
11333:
11329:
11319:
11317:
11313:
11306:
11302:
11301:
11288:
11278:
11276:
11267:
11266:
11262:
11252:
11250:
11241:
11240:
11236:
11226:
11224:
11215:
11214:
11210:
11200:
11198:
11185:
11184:
11180:
11170:
11168:
11155:
11154:
11150:
11135:
11131:
11121:
11119:
11082:
11078:
11068:
11066:
11062:
11055:
11051:
11050:
11046:
11041:
11032:
11022:
11020:
11009:
11005:
10995:
10993:
10980:
10979:
10975:
10965:
10963:
10958:. 31 May 2019.
10950:
10949:
10945:
10926:
10925:
10921:
10911:
10909:
10896:
10895:
10891:
10886:. 28 June 2018.
10878:
10877:
10873:
10863:
10861:
10846:
10842:
10832:
10830:
10823:Bangladesh Post
10815:
10811:
10780:
10776:
10770:Wayback Machine
10760:
10756:
10742:
10740:
10736:
10725:
10719:
10715:
10705:
10703:
10699:
10692:
10686:
10679:
10667:Wayback Machine
10657:
10653:
10643:
10641:
10637:
10631:
10620:
10612:
10608:
10591:
10590:
10586:
10576:
10574:
10561:
10560:
10556:
10541:
10527:
10518:
10508:
10506:
10493:
10492:
10485:
10479:Wayback Machine
10469:
10465:
10460:Wayback Machine
10450:
10446:
10436:
10434:
10425:
10424:
10415:
10406:
10404:
10397:
10371:
10364:
10354:
10352:
10344:
10343:
10339:
10329:
10327:
10308:
10304:
10273:(11): 1057–68.
10259:
10255:
10245:
10243:
10239:
10232:
10228:
10227:
10223:
10213:
10211:
10192:
10188:
10151:
10147:
10137:
10135:
10126:
10125:
10121:
10111:
10109:
10100:
10099:
10095:
10085:
10083:
10068:
10064:
10058:Wayback Machine
10048:
10044:
10039:on 12 May 2013.
10036:
10025:
10021:
10020:
10016:
10006:
10004:
9993:
9986:
9971:
9967:
9957:
9955:
9946:
9945:
9941:
9935:Wayback Machine
9926:
9922:
9916:Wayback Machine
9907:
9903:
9864:
9860:
9850:
9848:
9831:
9830:
9826:
9820:Wayback Machine
9810:
9801:
9791:
9789:
9776:
9775:
9771:
9761:
9759:
9746:
9745:
9741:
9735:
9731:
9721:
9719:
9702:
9701:
9697:
9687:
9685:
9681:
9674:
9670:
9669:
9665:
9625:
9621:
9615:
9611:
9604:
9588:
9584:
9531:
9527:
9466:
9462:
9452:
9450:
9437:
9436:
9427:
9415:
9413:
9385:
9383:
9358:
9356:
9333:
9329:
9319:
9317:
9306:
9305:
9301:
9294:
9261:
9257:
9247:
9245:
9244:on 5 April 2015
9241:
9230:
9219:
9215:
9205:
9203:
9202:on 17 July 2013
9199:
9188:
9184:
9183:
9179:
9169:
9167:
9160:Island Business
9154:
9153:
9149:
9140:
9139:
9135:
9102:
9098:
9088:
9086:
9082:
9075:
9071:
9070:
9066:
9059:
9045:
9041:
9033:
9026:
9022:
9021:
9017:
9011:Wayback Machine
9002:
8998:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8963:
8926:
8922:
8916:Wayback Machine
8906:
8899:
8889:
8887:
8874:
8873:
8869:
8830:
8826:
8816:
8814:
8801:
8800:
8796:
8786:
8784:
8769:
8765:
8755:
8753:
8749:
8718:
8712:
8705:
8676:
8672:
8657:
8643:
8639:
8608:
8604:
8573:
8569:
8559:
8557:
8540:
8536:
8503:
8499:
8492:
8478:
8474:
8463:
8443:
8439:
8404:
8400:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8380:
8372:
8370:
8361:
8360:
8356:
8344:
8337:
8333:
8332:
8321:
8312:
8311:
8307:
8290:
8289:
8280:
8235:
8231:
8224:
8208:
8204:
8197:
8181:
8177:
8167:
8165:
8150:
8146:
8136:
8134:
8107:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8083:
8082:
8078:
8068:
8066:
8059:
8040:
8031:
8024:
8008:
8004:
7994:
7992:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7951:
7941:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7921:
7906:
7898:
7894:
7884:
7882:
7867:
7863:
7853:
7851:
7838:
7837:
7833:
7823:
7821:
7808:
7807:
7800:
7786:
7784:
7769:
7768:
7764:
7723:
7719:
7688:
7684:
7629:
7625:
7615:
7613:
7598:
7597:
7593:
7586:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7547:
7543:
7536:
7519:
7515:
7508:
7494:
7490:
7480:
7478:
7465:
7464:
7460:
7450:
7448:
7435:
7434:
7430:
7415:
7399:. 27 May 2014.
7391:
7390:
7386:
7333:
7324:
7314:
7312:
7264:
7257:
7247:
7245:
7240:. 5 July 2019.
7232:
7231:
7224:
7214:
7212:
7197:
7190:
7135:
7128:
7118:
7116:
7093:
7086:
7076:
7074:
7036:
7029:
6974:
6967:
6957:
6955:
6904:
6897:
6887:
6885:
6837:
6830:
6820:
6818:
6799:
6792:
6782:
6780:
6765:
6756:
6746:
6744:
6737:
6714:
6705:
6695:
6693:
6680:
6679:
6668:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6643:
6618:
6614:
6608:Wayback Machine
6597:Wayback Machine
6588:
6584:
6574:
6572:
6563:
6562:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6547:
6543:
6533:
6510:
6487:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6452:
6429:
6412:
6408:
6388:have very-high
6371:
6364:
6359:
6322:
6286:
6281:
6265:
6263:
6251:
6249:
6237:
6235:
6223:
6221:
6209:
6207:
6195:
6193:
6181:
6179:
6167:
6165:
6153:
6151:
6137:
6135:BRICS countries
6132:
6121:
6119:
6108:
6106:
6095:
6093:
6082:
6080:
6069:
6067:
6056:
6054:
6043:
6041:
6030:
6028:
6017:
6015:
6004:
6002:
5991:
5989:
5978:
5976:
5965:
5963:
5952:
5950:
5939:
5923:
5921:
5909:
5907:
5895:
5893:
5875:
5873:
5861:
5859:
5847:
5845:
5833:
5831:
5819:
5817:
5805:
5803:
5787:
5785:
5773:
5771:
5759:
5757:
5745:
5743:
5731:
5729:
5717:
5715:
5703:
5701:
5689:
5687:
5675:
5673:
5651:
5646:
5610:Solomon Islands
5559:Kyrgyz Republic
5486:
5481:
5439:North Macedonia
5315:
5300:
5298:
5287:
5285:
5274:
5272:
5261:
5259:
5248:
5246:
5238:
5227:
5225:
5214:
5212:
5201:
5199:
5188:
5186:
5175:
5173:
5162:
5160:
5149:
5147:
5136:
5134:
5123:
5121:
5110:
5108:
5097:
5095:
5084:
5082:
5071:
5069:
5058:
5056:
5045:
5043:
5032:
5030:
5019:
5017:
5006:
5004:
4993:
4991:
4980:
4978:
4967:
4965:
4954:
4952:
4941:
4939:
4928:
4926:
4915:
4913:
4902:
4900:
4889:
4887:
4876:
4874:
4870:Solomon Islands
4863:
4861:
4850:
4848:
4837:
4835:
4824:
4822:
4811:
4809:
4798:
4796:
4785:
4783:
4772:
4770:
4759:
4757:
4746:
4744:
4733:
4731:
4720:
4718:
4707:
4705:
4694:
4692:
4681:
4679:
4668:
4666:
4655:
4653:
4642:
4640:
4629:
4627:
4616:
4614:
4603:
4601:
4590:
4588:
4577:
4575:
4564:
4562:
4551:
4549:
4545:North Macedonia
4538:
4536:
4525:
4523:
4512:
4510:
4499:
4497:
4486:
4484:
4473:
4471:
4460:
4458:
4447:
4445:
4434:
4432:
4421:
4419:
4408:
4406:
4395:
4393:
4382:
4380:
4369:
4367:
4356:
4354:
4343:
4341:
4330:
4328:
4317:
4315:
4304:
4302:
4291:
4289:
4278:
4276:
4265:
4263:
4252:
4250:
4239:
4237:
4226:
4224:
4213:
4211:
4200:
4198:
4187:
4185:
4174:
4172:
4161:
4159:
4148:
4146:
4135:
4133:
4122:
4120:
4109:
4107:
4096:
4094:
4083:
4081:
4070:
4068:
4057:
4055:
4044:
4042:
4031:
4029:
4018:
4016:
4005:
4003:
3992:
3990:
3979:
3977:
3966:
3964:
3953:
3951:
3940:
3938:
3927:
3925:
3914:
3912:
3901:
3899:
3888:
3886:
3875:
3873:
3862:
3860:
3849:
3847:
3836:
3834:
3823:
3821:
3810:
3808:
3797:
3795:
3784:
3782:
3771:
3769:
3758:
3756:
3745:
3743:
3732:
3730:
3719:
3717:
3706:
3704:
3693:
3691:
3680:
3678:
3667:
3665:
3654:
3652:
3641:
3639:
3628:
3626:
3615:
3613:
3602:
3600:
3589:
3587:
3576:
3574:
3563:
3561:
3550:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3524:
3522:
3511:
3509:
3498:
3496:
3485:
3483:
3472:
3470:
3459:
3457:
3446:
3444:
3433:
3431:
3420:
3418:
3407:
3405:
3394:
3392:
3381:
3379:
3368:
3366:
3355:
3353:
3342:
3340:
3329:
3327:
3316:
3314:
3303:
3301:
3290:
3288:
3277:
3275:
3264:
3262:
3251:
3249:
3238:
3236:
3225:
3220:
3179:
3163:food insecurity
3138:
3078:
3076:Poor governance
3043:family planning
3019:
3013:
2959:gender equality
2943:Emmanuel Macron
2935:donor countries
2903:
2884:climate justice
2816:
2811:
2797:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2466:
2463:
2389:Water pollution
2356:
2354:Water pollution
2351:
2302:
2294:Main articles:
2281:
2262:open defecation
2243:
2233:
2211:water pollution
2132:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2055:child mortality
2047:life expectancy
2043:
2007:sexual violence
1931:
1925:
1875:
1869:
1826:High levels of
1805:
1720:Property Rights
1575:
1509:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1379:
1359:
1357:
1334:
1332:
1313:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1191:. According to
1157:
1146:neo-imperialism
1134:
1128:
1100:
1052:and founder of
1000:
998:Development aid
994:
948:
936:tertiary sector
878:life expectancy
856:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
752:
751:
747:
745:
738:
736:
729:
722:
681:
655:
613:
520:capital markets
516:
463:
454:
430:Development aid
397:child mortality
358:family planning
330:sex trafficking
278:substance abuse
262:extreme poverty
231:open defecation
227:water pollution
188:"us" and "them"
133:industrial base
129:sovereign state
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83: Very high
80:
55:
54:
50:
48:
41:
39:
35:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13110:
13100:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
13054:
13049:
13032:
13031:
13029:
13028:
13023:
13018:
13013:
13012:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12991:
12985:
12983:
12976:
12973:
12972:
12970:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12894:
12889:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12848:
12846:
12841:
12838:
12837:
12835:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12818:
12817:
12807:
12806:
12805:
12794:
12792:
12786:
12785:
12783:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12737:
12732:
12726:
12724:
12717:
12714:
12713:
12711:
12710:
12705:
12700:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12659:
12657:
12653:
12652:
12649:
12648:
12646:
12645:
12640:
12632:
12619:
12617:
12611:
12610:
12608:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12596:
12595:
12590:
12585:
12575:
12570:
12568:Neocolonialism
12565:
12560:
12558:Decolonization
12554:
12548:
12542:
12541:
12538:
12537:
12535:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12513:
12511:
12505:
12504:
12502:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12485:
12483:
12479:
12478:
12476:
12475:
12470:
12465:
12459:
12457:
12448:
12442:
12441:
12438:Third Worldism
12430:
12429:
12422:
12415:
12407:
12398:
12397:
12395:
12394:
12382:
12369:
12366:
12365:
12363:
12362:
12357:
12351:
12349:
12340:
12339:
12337:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12315:
12313:
12311:Digital divide
12307:
12306:
12304:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12277:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12255:
12253:
12247:
12246:
12244:
12243:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12217:
12215:
12208:
12207:
12205:
12204:
12199:
12198:
12197:
12186:
12184:
12178:
12177:
12175:
12174:
12173:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12141:
12140:
12129:
12127:
12121:
12120:
12118:
12117:
12112:
12107:
12105:PPP per capita
12102:
12097:
12091:
12089:
12082:
12081:
12078:
12077:
12075:
12074:
12073:
12072:
12067:
12062:
12061:
12060:
12044:
12042:
12033:
12032:
12030:
12029:
12028:
12027:
12022:
12021:
12020:
12004:
12002:
11993:
11986:
11985:
11983:
11982:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11961:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11918:
11915:
11914:
11909:
11908:
11901:
11894:
11886:
11880:
11879:
11863:
11862:
11857:
11851:
11850:
11839:
11838:
11836:
11835:External links
11833:
11832:
11831:
11825:
11809:
11806:
11803:
11802:
11759:
11729:
11694:
11662:
11632:
11602:
11570:
11538:
11506:
11479:
11444:
11412:
11380:
11348:
11327:
11286:
11260:
11234:
11208:
11178:
11148:
11129:
11076:
11044:
11030:
11003:
10973:
10943:
10933:Foreign Policy
10919:
10889:
10871:
10854:The Daily Star
10840:
10809:
10774:
10754:
10713:
10677:
10651:
10629:
10606:
10584:
10554:
10539:
10516:
10483:
10463:
10444:
10413:
10395:
10362:
10337:
10302:
10253:
10221:
10186:
10165:(9): 1078–92.
10145:
10119:
10093:
10076:New York Times
10062:
10042:
10014:
9984:
9965:
9939:
9920:
9901:
9874:(6103): 47–8.
9858:
9841:The World Bank
9824:
9799:
9788:on 2 July 2015
9769:
9758:on 3 July 2015
9739:
9729:
9695:
9663:
9619:
9609:
9602:
9582:
9525:
9480:(1): 161–171.
9460:
9425:
9423:
9422:
9392:
9365:
9327:
9299:
9293:978-0195110326
9292:
9255:
9213:
9177:
9147:
9133:
9114:(4): 519–543.
9096:
9064:
9057:
9039:
9015:
8996:
8961:
8920:
8897:
8867:
8824:
8794:
8763:
8703:
8690:(3): 853–882.
8670:
8655:
8637:
8618:(4): 643–665.
8602:
8583:(3): 365–384.
8567:
8534:
8515:(2): 307–321.
8497:
8490:
8472:
8461:
8455:. p. 13.
8437:
8398:
8354:
8319:
8305:
8278:
8229:
8222:
8202:
8195:
8175:
8144:
8101:
8076:
8058:978-0865719118
8057:
8029:
8022:
8002:
7972:
7935:
7900:Ura K (2009).
7892:
7861:
7831:
7798:
7776:whitehouse.gov
7762:
7733:(2): 191–222.
7717:
7682:
7643:(4): 479–502.
7623:
7591:
7584:
7566:
7559:
7541:
7534:
7513:
7506:
7488:
7458:
7428:
7413:
7384:
7322:
7255:
7222:
7188:
7126:
7084:
7056:10.1086/319235
7050:(5): 675–685.
7027:
6965:
6918:(2): 245–252.
6895:
6828:
6790:
6754:
6735:
6703:
6666:
6648:
6641:
6612:
6582:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6531:
6518:
6508:
6495:
6485:
6471:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6450:
6437:
6427:
6413:
6406:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6321:
6318:
6290:media coverage
6285:
6284:Media coverage
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6261:
6247:
6233:
6219:
6205:
6191:
6177:
6163:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6117:
6104:
6091:
6078:
6065:
6052:
6039:
6026:
6013:
6000:
5987:
5974:
5961:
5947:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5919:
5905:
5886:
5885:
5871:
5857:
5843:
5829:
5815:
5801:
5794:Czech Republic
5783:
5769:
5755:
5741:
5727:
5713:
5699:
5685:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:American Samoa
5323:
5320:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5296:
5283:
5270:
5257:
5237:
5236:
5223:
5210:
5197:
5184:
5171:
5158:
5145:
5132:
5119:
5106:
5093:
5080:
5067:
5054:
5041:
5028:
5015:
5002:
4989:
4976:
4963:
4950:
4937:
4924:
4911:
4898:
4885:
4872:
4859:
4846:
4833:
4820:
4807:
4794:
4781:
4768:
4755:
4742:
4729:
4716:
4703:
4690:
4677:
4664:
4651:
4638:
4625:
4612:
4599:
4586:
4573:
4560:
4547:
4534:
4521:
4508:
4495:
4482:
4469:
4456:
4443:
4430:
4417:
4404:
4391:
4378:
4365:
4352:
4339:
4326:
4313:
4300:
4287:
4274:
4261:
4248:
4235:
4222:
4209:
4196:
4183:
4170:
4157:
4144:
4131:
4118:
4105:
4092:
4079:
4066:
4053:
4040:
4027:
4014:
4001:
3988:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3936:
3923:
3910:
3897:
3884:
3871:
3858:
3845:
3832:
3819:
3806:
3793:
3780:
3767:
3754:
3741:
3728:
3715:
3702:
3689:
3676:
3663:
3650:
3637:
3624:
3611:
3598:
3585:
3572:
3559:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3468:
3455:
3442:
3429:
3416:
3403:
3390:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3338:
3325:
3312:
3299:
3286:
3273:
3260:
3247:
3233:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3197:: Included in
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3143:child marriage
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3077:
3074:
3027:fertility rate
3012:
3009:
2974:climate action
2961:, and energy.
2949:) said at the
2902:
2899:
2861:fragile states
2844:sea level rise
2842:, disease and
2815:
2812:
2796:
2795:Climate change
2793:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2314:climate change
2296:Energy poverty
2280:
2277:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2203:
2198:
2191:drinking water
2187:
2180:
2149:stunted growth
2137:Undernutrition
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2074:, such as the
2068:vaccine equity
2066:, even though
2042:
2039:
2028:Data from the
2021:and acquiring
1927:Main article:
1924:
1921:
1871:Main article:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1842:Human resource
1839:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Undernutrition
1692:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1571:
1567:BRIC countries
1553:neocolonialism
1533:infrastructure
1529:decolonization
1508:
1505:
1493:Patrick Heller
1474:decolonization
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1358:
1333:
1312:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1275:industrialized
1241:health systems
1185:socioeconomics
1158:
1150:
1130:Main article:
1127:
1124:
1099:
1096:
993:
990:
989:
988:
978:
968:
965:wealthy states
958:
947:
944:
897:decolonization
872:(per person),
855:
854:
848:
846:
840:
838:
832:
830:
824:
822:
816:
814:
808:
806:
800:
798:
792:
790:
784:
782:
776:
774:
768:
765:
746:
737:
728:
721:
718:
680:
677:
676:
675:
671:
662:
654:
651:
650:
649:
639:
612:
609:
560:
559:
558:
557:
551:
546:
541:
533:
515:
512:
503:
502:
492:
489:
486:
462:
459:
453:
450:
446:United Nations
290:civil disorder
286:overpopulation
243:infrastructure
211:energy poverty
199:drinking water
118:
117:
111:
109:
103:
101:
95:
93:
87:
85:
79:
76:
49:
40:
34:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13109:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13058:
13055:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13045:
13044:
13042:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13010:
13007:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12996:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12989:Brandt Report
12987:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12974:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12907:African Union
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12849:
12847:
12842:Organizations
12839:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12816:
12813:
12812:
12811:
12808:
12804:
12801:
12800:
12799:
12798:Generic drugs
12796:
12795:
12793:
12791:
12790:Public health
12787:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12728:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12715:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12661:
12660:
12658:
12654:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12633:
12631:
12624:
12621:
12620:
12618:
12616:
12612:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12600:Globalization
12598:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12580:
12579:
12576:
12574:
12573:Multipolarity
12571:
12569:
12566:
12564:
12561:
12559:
12556:
12555:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12543:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12514:
12512:
12510:
12509:Worlds theory
12506:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12486:
12484:
12480:
12474:
12471:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12460:
12458:
12456:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12443:
12439:
12435:
12428:
12423:
12421:
12416:
12414:
12409:
12408:
12405:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12381:
12376:
12371:
12370:
12367:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12341:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12316:
12314:
12312:
12308:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12261:
12260:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12252:
12248:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12218:
12216:
12214:
12209:
12203:
12200:
12196:
12193:
12192:
12191:
12188:
12187:
12185:
12183:
12179:
12171:
12170:United States
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12156:
12155:Minimum wages
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12139:
12136:
12135:
12134:
12131:
12130:
12128:
12126:
12122:
12116:
12113:
12111:
12108:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12083:
12071:
12068:
12066:
12063:
12059:
12056:
12055:
12054:
12051:
12050:
12049:
12046:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12034:
12026:
12023:
12019:
12016:
12015:
12014:
12011:
12010:
12009:
12006:
12005:
12003:
12001:
11997:
11994:
11991:
11987:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11962:
11960:
11958:
11954:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11919:
11916:
11907:
11902:
11900:
11895:
11893:
11888:
11887:
11884:
11877:
11872:
11868:
11867:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11828:
11822:
11818:
11817:
11812:
11811:
11790:
11786:
11782:
11779:(11): 44–46.
11778:
11774:
11770:
11763:
11747:
11743:
11739:
11733:
11714:
11707:
11701:
11699:
11679:
11672:
11666:
11650:
11646:
11642:
11636:
11620:
11616:
11612:
11606:
11587:
11580:
11574:
11555:
11548:
11542:
11523:
11516:
11510:
11494:
11490:
11483:
11464:
11457:
11451:
11449:
11429:
11422:
11416:
11397:
11390:
11384:
11365:
11358:
11352:
11345:
11341:
11337:
11331:
11312:
11305:
11299:
11297:
11295:
11293:
11291:
11274:
11270:
11264:
11248:
11244:
11238:
11222:
11218:
11212:
11196:
11192:
11188:
11182:
11166:
11162:
11158:
11152:
11144:
11140:
11133:
11117:
11113:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11096:(2): 419–47.
11095:
11091:
11087:
11080:
11061:
11054:
11048:
11039:
11037:
11035:
11018:
11014:
11007:
10991:
10987:
10983:
10977:
10961:
10957:
10953:
10947:
10939:
10935:
10934:
10929:
10923:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10893:
10885:
10881:
10875:
10859:
10855:
10851:
10844:
10828:
10824:
10820:
10813:
10805:
10801:
10797:
10793:
10789:
10785:
10778:
10771:
10767:
10764:
10758:
10751:
10735:
10731:
10724:
10717:
10698:
10691:
10684:
10682:
10674:
10673:
10668:
10664:
10661:
10655:
10636:
10632:
10626:
10619:
10618:
10610:
10602:
10598:
10594:
10588:
10572:
10568:
10564:
10558:
10550:
10546:
10542:
10540:9788461605675
10536:
10532:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10504:
10500:
10496:
10490:
10488:
10480:
10476:
10473:
10467:
10461:
10457:
10454:
10448:
10432:
10428:
10422:
10420:
10418:
10402:
10398:
10392:
10388:
10384:
10380:
10376:
10369:
10367:
10351:
10347:
10341:
10325:
10321:
10317:
10313:
10306:
10298:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10280:
10276:
10272:
10268:
10264:
10257:
10238:
10231:
10225:
10209:
10205:
10201:
10197:
10190:
10182:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10149:
10133:
10129:
10123:
10107:
10103:
10097:
10081:
10077:
10073:
10066:
10059:
10055:
10052:
10046:
10035:
10031:
10024:
10018:
10002:
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9144:. UN-Habitat.
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8978:. UNHABITAT.
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8316:. unctad.org.
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6717:Rosling, Hans
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6337:
6334:
6332:
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6323:
6317:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6306:socioeconomic
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
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6231:
6220:
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6150:
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6129:
6118:
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6103:
6092:
6090:
6079:
6077:
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5906:
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5546:
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5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5520:Côte d'Ivoire
5519:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5477:
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5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5308:
5307:South Ossetia
5297:
5295:
5284:
5282:
5271:
5269:
5258:
5256:
5245:
5244:
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5242:
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4392:
4390:
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4377:
4366:
4364:
4353:
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4340:
4338:
4327:
4325:
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4299:
4288:
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4273:
4262:
4260:
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4117:
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4093:
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4080:
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4067:
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4028:
4026:
4015:
4013:
4002:
4000:
3989:
3987:
3976:
3974:
3963:
3961:
3960:Guinea-Bissau
3950:
3948:
3937:
3935:
3924:
3922:
3911:
3909:
3898:
3896:
3885:
3883:
3872:
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3805:
3794:
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3768:
3766:
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3753:
3742:
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3729:
3727:
3716:
3714:
3703:
3701:
3690:
3688:
3677:
3675:
3664:
3662:
3651:
3649:
3638:
3636:
3625:
3623:
3612:
3610:
3599:
3597:
3586:
3584:
3573:
3571:
3560:
3558:
3547:
3545:
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3521:
3519:
3508:
3506:
3495:
3493:
3482:
3480:
3469:
3467:
3456:
3454:
3443:
3441:
3430:
3428:
3417:
3415:
3404:
3402:
3391:
3389:
3378:
3376:
3365:
3363:
3352:
3350:
3339:
3337:
3326:
3324:
3313:
3311:
3300:
3298:
3287:
3285:
3274:
3272:
3261:
3259:
3248:
3246:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3218:Country lists
3212:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3195:Aid for Trade
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3182:Human Capital
3181:
3180:
3177:Opportunities
3174:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3155:civil service
3152:
3148:
3144:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3056:in Mali, the
3055:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:world economy
2916:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:failed states
2862:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2820:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:United States
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2368:air pollution
2365:
2364:Yangtze River
2360:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:deforestation
2307:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2288:Solar cookers
2285:
2276:
2274:
2271:is one of 17
2270:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2207:air pollution
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:breastfeeding
2138:
2131: No data
2088:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:According to
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1969:globalization
1966:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:Honor killing
1948:
1947:Acid throwing
1944:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:ghettoization
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1877:According to
1874:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:globalisation
1814:
1813:global issues
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Human capital
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:South America
1612:
1610:
1609:North America
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1546:Western world
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:", while the
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:United States
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1330:United States
1327:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:lower incomes
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:Related terms
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:In 2015, the
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Jeffrey Sachs
1035:
1030:
1028:
1027:Walter Rodney
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
986:
982:
979:
976:
972:
969:
966:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:
951:
943:
941:
937:
933:
932:manufacturing
929:
924:
922:
918:
917:social change
914:
913:modernization
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
852: No data
847:
839:
831:
823:
815:
807:
799:
791:
783:
775:
767:
766:
763:
758:
744:
735:
726:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
672:
670:
666:
663:
660:
657:
656:
647:
643:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
617:
616:
608:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
534:
532:
528:
525:
524:
523:
521:
511:
509:
500:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
483:
482:
480:
476:
467:
458:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:, widespread
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:air pollution
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
115: No data
110:
102:
94:
86:
78:
77:
74:
69:
63:
59:
47:
32:
23:
19:
12967:South Centre
12922:Colombo Plan
12532:Fourth World
12522:Second World
12454:
12446:Global South
12133:Average wage
12039:power parity
11980:Fourth World
11970:Second World
11926:
11878:at Wikiquote
11845:
11815:
11793:. Retrieved
11776:
11772:
11762:
11750:. Retrieved
11741:
11732:
11720:. Retrieved
11685:. Retrieved
11665:
11653:. Retrieved
11644:
11635:
11625:21 September
11623:. Retrieved
11614:
11605:
11593:. Retrieved
11573:
11561:. Retrieved
11541:
11529:. Retrieved
11509:
11497:. Retrieved
11482:
11470:. Retrieved
11435:. Retrieved
11415:
11403:. Retrieved
11383:
11371:. Retrieved
11351:
11330:
11318:. Retrieved
11277:. Retrieved
11263:
11251:. Retrieved
11237:
11225:. Retrieved
11211:
11201:25 September
11199:. Retrieved
11190:
11181:
11171:24 September
11169:. Retrieved
11161:www.oecd.org
11160:
11151:
11142:
11138:
11132:
11120:. Retrieved
11093:
11089:
11079:
11067:. Retrieved
11047:
11021:. Retrieved
11006:
10994:. Retrieved
10985:
10976:
10964:. Retrieved
10955:
10946:
10931:
10922:
10910:. Retrieved
10901:
10892:
10883:
10874:
10862:. Retrieved
10853:
10843:
10831:. Retrieved
10822:
10812:
10787:
10777:
10757:
10741:, retrieved
10729:
10716:
10704:. Retrieved
10672:The Guardian
10670:
10654:
10642:. Retrieved
10635:the original
10616:
10609:
10601:the original
10596:
10587:
10575:. Retrieved
10566:
10557:
10530:
10507:. Retrieved
10498:
10466:
10447:
10435:. Retrieved
10431:the original
10405:, retrieved
10378:
10353:. Retrieved
10349:
10340:
10328:. Retrieved
10319:
10316:S.A.P.I.EN.S
10315:
10305:
10270:
10266:
10256:
10244:. Retrieved
10224:
10212:. Retrieved
10203:
10200:S.A.P.I.EN.S
10199:
10189:
10162:
10158:
10148:
10136:. Retrieved
10122:
10110:. Retrieved
10096:
10084:. Retrieved
10075:
10065:
10045:
10034:the original
10029:
10017:
10005:. Retrieved
10001:the original
9979:the original
9968:
9956:. Retrieved
9952:the original
9942:
9923:
9904:
9871:
9867:
9861:
9849:. Retrieved
9836:
9827:
9790:. Retrieved
9786:the original
9781:
9772:
9760:. Retrieved
9756:the original
9751:
9742:
9732:
9720:. Retrieved
9707:
9698:
9686:. Retrieved
9679:the original
9666:
9633:
9629:
9622:
9612:
9592:
9585:
9545:(1): 55–64.
9542:
9538:
9528:
9477:
9473:
9463:
9453:26 September
9451:. Retrieved
9442:
9414:. Retrieved
9400:
9384:. Retrieved
9373:
9357:. Retrieved
9348:The Guardian
9346:
9334:
9330:
9318:. Retrieved
9308:
9302:
9277:
9258:
9246:. Retrieved
9239:the original
9226:
9216:
9204:. Retrieved
9197:the original
9180:
9168:. Retrieved
9164:the original
9159:
9150:
9141:
9136:
9111:
9105:
9099:
9089:16 September
9087:. Retrieved
9080:the original
9067:
9048:
9042:
9031:the original
9018:
8999:
8987:. Retrieved
8940:(88): 1–17.
8937:
8933:
8923:
8888:. Retrieved
8870:
8837:
8833:
8827:
8815:. Retrieved
8806:
8797:
8785:. Retrieved
8777:The Guardian
8776:
8766:
8756:23 September
8754:. Retrieved
8726:
8722:
8687:
8683:
8673:
8646:
8640:
8615:
8611:
8605:
8580:
8576:
8570:
8558:. Retrieved
8547:
8537:
8512:
8506:
8500:
8481:
8475:
8467:Google Books
8465:– via
8447:
8440:
8431:
8411:
8407:
8401:
8389:. Retrieved
8371:. Retrieved
8367:the original
8357:
8348:
8308:
8299:
8295:
8249:(1): 12–13.
8246:
8242:
8232:
8212:
8205:
8185:
8178:
8166:. Retrieved
8147:
8135:. Retrieved
8118:
8114:
8104:
8092:. Retrieved
8088:
8079:
8067:. Retrieved
8047:
8012:
8005:
7993:. Retrieved
7975:
7963:. Retrieved
7948:
7945:
7938:
7928:17 September
7926:. Retrieved
7902:
7895:
7883:. Retrieved
7874:
7864:
7852:. Retrieved
7843:
7834:
7824:21 September
7822:. Retrieved
7813:
7791:– via
7785:. Retrieved
7774:
7765:
7730:
7726:
7720:
7695:
7691:
7685:
7660:10419/199382
7640:
7636:
7626:
7614:. Retrieved
7603:
7594:
7575:
7569:
7550:
7544:
7525:
7516:
7497:
7491:
7479:. Retrieved
7470:
7461:
7449:. Retrieved
7440:
7431:
7396:
7387:
7347:(1): 20281.
7344:
7340:
7313:. Retrieved
7275:
7271:
7246:. Retrieved
7237:
7213:. Retrieved
7204:
7146:
7142:
7117:. Retrieved
7100:
7075:. Retrieved
7047:
7043:
6985:
6981:
6956:. Retrieved
6915:
6911:
6886:. Retrieved
6866:10419/145149
6848:
6844:
6821:23 September
6819:. Retrieved
6815:the original
6810:
6806:
6781:. Retrieved
6772:
6745:. Retrieved
6725:
6694:. Retrieved
6685:
6661:the original
6651:
6626:
6621:O'Sullivan A
6615:
6585:
6573:. Retrieved
6559:
6536:
6522:
6513:
6499:
6490:
6476:
6467:
6455:
6441:
6432:
6418:
6409:
6314:
6287:
6274:(since 2024)
6260:(since 2024)
6246:(since 2024)
6232:(since 2024)
6218:(since 2010)
6216:South Africa
6204:(since 2006)
6190:(since 2006)
6176:(since 2006)
6162:(since 2006)
6138:
6050:South Africa
5940:
5932:(since 2016)
5918:(since 2016)
5904:(since 2012)
5887:
5884:(since 2023)
5870:(since 2021)
5856:(since 2015)
5842:(since 2014)
5828:(since 2011)
5814:(since 2009)
5782:(since 2008)
5768:(since 2007)
5754:(since 2001)
5740:(since 1997)
5726:(since 1997)
5712:(since 1997)
5698:(since 1997)
5684:(since 1997)
5652:
5475:Turkmenistan
5454:South Africa
5240:
5239:
5078:Turkmenistan
4896:South Africa
4857:Sierra Leone
4805:Saudi Arabia
3531:Burkina Faso
3226:
3171:unemployment
3147:indebtedness
3139:
3098:
3084:such as the
3079:
3048:The violent
3047:
3032:
2998:
2994:storm surges
2978:
2963:
2904:
2892:
2880:habitat loss
2873:
2848:
2825:
2789:
2785:
2781:crop residue
2763:
2431:
2427:
2409:
2398:
2387:
2340:
2332:
2328:fossil fuels
2322:
2303:
2267:
2259:
2244:
2173:tuberculosis
2158:
2135:
2044:
2034:North Africa
2027:
1992:
1973:
1963:
1940:
1917:
1901:unemployment
1890:
1887:
1876:
1821:
1810:
1758:Publications
1725:Microfinance
1561:
1550:
1525:independence
1522:
1497:
1463:
1448:Second World
1428:Soviet Union
1355:Soviet Union
1343:Eastern Bloc
1339:Second World
1322:Western Bloc
1305:Three Worlds
1181:Global North
1179:
1138:Global South
1135:
1132:Global South
1126:Global South
1101:
1080:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1045:Hans Rosling
1031:
1024:
1001:
949:
925:
894:
876:per capita,
859:
682:
614:
611:By geography
596:Turkmenistan
576:Soviet Union
561:
517:
504:
497:(similar to
479:Atlas method
472:
455:
428:
417:
382:
282:prostitution
274:homelessness
270:malnutrition
266:child labour
250:unemployment
247:
196:
192:Global South
185:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:and a lower
124:
122:
99: Medium
18:
12978:North–South
12721:development
12546:Geopolitics
12527:Third World
12517:First World
12455:Development
12100:Real income
12037:Purchasing
11975:Third World
11965:First World
11808:Works cited
11752:21 February
11645:www.imf.org
11615:www.imf.org
11069:16 February
10864:30 November
10833:30 November
10407:30 November
10138:11 February
10112:11 February
9792:17 November
9782:www.who.int
9762:17 November
9248:18 November
8414:: 150–160.
8069:26 February
7451:12 February
6341:Land reform
6326:Colonialism
6147:countries:
6037:Philippines
5930:Puerto Rico
5724:South Korea
5622:Timor-Leste
5598:Philippines
5529:El Salvador
5517:Congo, Rep.
5281:North Korea
4909:South Sudan
4753:Saint Lucia
4662:Philippines
4077:Ivory Coast
3791:El Salvador
3245:Afghanistan
3035:birth rates
2669:Philippines
2644:New Zealand
2549:El Salvador
2474:Afghanistan
2343:solar power
2197:and hygiene
2030:Middle East
1959:bride price
1903:, poverty,
1867:Urban slums
1490:sociologist
1486:citizenship
1440:North Korea
1424:First World
1416:South Korea
1396:Warsaw Pact
1384:Third World
1364:Third World
1347:Warsaw Pact
1318:First World
1293:Third World
1286:Third World
1279:colonialism
1271:Third World
1221:New Zealand
1215:(excluding
1209:South Korea
1142:colonialism
1068:euphemistic
985:development
438:development
420:median ages
378:rule of law
13077:Euphemisms
13041:Categories
13016:Fair trade
13004:World Bank
12844:and groups
12803:biosimilar
12593:Durban III
12264:by country
12065:per capita
12058:per capita
12048:By country
12025:per capita
12018:per capita
12008:By country
11531:15 January
11499:22 January
11472:15 January
11437:15 January
11405:15 January
11373:15 January
11320:15 January
10986:Al-Jazeera
10748:, p. 109,
10644:11 October
10355:12 January
9851:15 October
9272:Nussbaum M
9264:Nussbaum M
8907:UN-OHRLLS
8665:1143614574
8433:countries)
8373:18 October
8137:10 January
7844:www.un.org
7740:1707.06603
7522:Guillén MF
7481:10 January
7272:Demography
7205:World Bank
6988:(1): 202.
6551:References
6294:mass media
5902:San Marino
5798:World Bank
5631:Uzbekistan
5616:Tajikistan
5571:Mauritania
5505:Cabo Verde
5493:Bangladesh
5430:Montenegro
5403:Kazakhstan
5358:Costa Rica
5334:Azerbaijan
5156:Uzbekistan
4974:Tajikistan
4844:Seychelles
4441:Mozambique
4415:Montenegro
4337:Mauritania
4259:Madagascar
4181:Kyrgyzstan
4116:Kazakhstan
3882:The Gambia
3752:East Timor
3700:Costa Rica
3583:Cape Verde
3375:Bangladesh
3336:Azerbaijan
3167:illiteracy
3101:corruption
3094:oligarchic
3029:as of 2020
3015:See also:
3001:Bangladesh
2985:World Bank
2734:Uzbekistan
2599:Kazakhstan
2494:Bangladesh
2419:Xi Jinping
2412:leadership
2224:healthcare
2195:sanitation
1879:UN-Habitat
1773:Economists
1763:Categories
1563:Coalitions
1523:Following
1382:The term "
1376:Yugoslavia
1136:The term "
1083:World Bank
870:per capita
762:per capita
760:GDP (PPP)
712:, and the
592:Tajikistan
588:Kyrgyzstan
584:Uzbekistan
580:Kazakhstan
385:healthcare
383:Access to
374:corruption
360:services,
338:kidnapping
296:, a large
203:sanitation
157:World Bank
91: High
12815:criticism
12719:Trade and
12588:Durban II
11785:207594362
10804:0028-0836
10549:828337356
9896:206541473
9722:4 October
9577:238747462
9561:0066-4219
9504:0077-8923
9335:Citations
9320:8 October
8989:4 October
8956:237827555
8743:156462246
8632:154320311
8529:162982648
8453:Routledge
8428:228984747
8350:included.
8168:6 October
7712:155046265
7669:1467-7679
7441:Data Blog
7423:2412-138X
7292:0070-3370
7165:2054-958X
7149:(1): 19.
7004:1475-9276
6932:0021-9320
6883:149648133
6875:0038-4941
6773:Data Blog
6601:2018 list
6382:Singapore
6374:Hong Kong
6372:Although
6102:Argentina
5998:Indonesia
5854:Lithuania
5710:Singapore
5682:Hong Kong
5613:Sri Lanka
5586:Nicaragua
5457:St. Lucia
5421:Mauritius
5394:Indonesia
5388:Guatemala
5328:Argentina
5182:Venezuela
4922:Sri Lanka
4597:Palestine
4506:Nicaragua
4350:Mauritius
4038:Indonesia
3934:Guatemala
3310:Argentina
3191:Education
3039:fecundity
2981:migration
2923:fisheries
2739:Venezuela
2694:Sri Lanka
2689:Singapore
2649:Nicaragua
2584:Indonesia
2564:Guatemala
2489:Australia
2349:Pollution
2072:pandemics
1846:nutrition
1715:Education
1500:migration
1470:democracy
1370:, led by
1307:" of the
1217:Australia
1041:developed
1034:economist
710:Singapore
694:Hong Kong
440:. If the
346:education
306:extortion
223:littering
215:pollution
107: Low
12688:BancoSur
12583:Durban I
12563:Cold War
11789:Archived
11781:ProQuest
11746:Archived
11713:Archived
11687:4 August
11678:Archived
11655:17 April
11649:Archived
11619:Archived
11595:11 April
11586:Archived
11554:Archived
11522:Archived
11493:Archived
11463:Archived
11428:Archived
11396:Archived
11364:Archived
11311:Archived
11273:Archived
11247:Archived
11227:17 April
11221:Archived
11195:Archived
11165:Archived
11116:Archived
11112:53981521
11060:Archived
11017:Archived
10996:2 August
10990:Archived
10960:Archived
10938:Archived
10912:2 August
10906:Archived
10902:BBC News
10858:Archived
10827:Archived
10766:Archived
10750:WDR 2010
10743:27 March
10734:archived
10697:Archived
10663:Archived
10571:Archived
10503:Archived
10475:Archived
10456:Archived
10401:archived
10330:30 April
10324:Archived
10297:12417475
10246:28 March
10237:Archived
10214:30 April
10208:Archived
10181:11019457
10132:Archived
10106:Archived
10086:30 April
10080:Archived
10054:Archived
10007:30 April
9958:30 April
9937:pp. 7–9.
9931:Archived
9912:Archived
9888:23042871
9845:Archived
9816:Archived
9716:Archived
9688:23 April
9658:11748341
9650:23746776
9569:34637324
9520:24649523
9512:17954679
9447:Archived
9443:UN Women
9410:Archived
9380:Archived
9353:Archived
9314:Archived
9266:(1999).
9206:6 August
9170:6 August
9128:53972140
9007:Archived
8980:Archived
8912:Archived
8884:Archived
8862:19407349
8854:22765282
8811:Archived
8787:17 March
8781:Archived
8747:Archived
8597:56358607
8554:Archived
8391:10 March
8342:Archived
8273:60907088
8265:41960738
8243:Contexts
8162:Archived
8131:Archived
8094:14 April
8063:Archived
7989:Archived
7956:Archived
7919:Archived
7879:Archived
7854:28 March
7848:Archived
7818:Archived
7781:Archived
7757:32008949
7677:53533671
7610:Archived
7475:Archived
7445:Archived
7379:26848052
7315:14 April
7310:31270780
7248:14 April
7242:Archived
7215:14 April
7209:Archived
7183:29142757
7119:14 April
7113:Archived
7077:14 April
7064:11229834
7022:33168040
6958:14 April
6952:Archived
6948:23505067
6888:14 April
6777:Archived
6741:Archived
6690:Archived
6604:Archived
6593:Archived
6569:Archived
6320:See also
6244:Ethiopia
6063:Thailand
6011:Malaysia
5812:Slovakia
5766:Slovenia
5659:Eurozone
5657:and new
5643:Zimbabwe
5619:Tanzania
5592:Pakistan
5556:Kiribati
5541:Honduras
5532:Eswatini
5523:Djibouti
5511:Cameroon
5508:Cambodia
5466:Thailand
5463:Suriname
5445:Paraguay
5433:Mongolia
5415:Maldives
5412:Malaysia
5364:Dominica
5355:Colombia
5346:Botswana
5255:Abkhazia
5234:Zimbabwe
5000:Thailand
4987:Tanzania
4948:Suriname
4636:Paraguay
4571:Pakistan
4402:Mongolia
4298:Maldives
4285:Malaysia
4142:Kiribati
3999:Honduras
3843:Ethiopia
3726:Dominica
3713:Djibouti
3648:Colombia
3570:Cameroon
3557:Cambodia
3518:Bulgaria
3479:Botswana
3388:Barbados
3105:nepotism
3037:(higher
2773:charcoal
2749:Zimbabwe
2709:Thailand
2659:Paraguay
2654:Pakistan
2634:Mongolia
2574:Honduras
2524:Colombia
2366:causing
2163:Illness/
2152:form of
2064:vaccines
2019:abortion
1995:UN Women
1850:literacy
1753:Journals
1537:industry
1388:Cold War
1309:Cold War
1189:politics
975:theories
600:Mongolia
348:levels,
322:homicide
314:burglary
237:), more
60:and the
12656:Finance
12482:Markets
12000:Nominal
11795:16 July
11722:25 June
11122:10 July
11023:20 June
10966:23 June
10577:10 June
10437:26 June
10288:1241060
10172:2560841
9868:Science
9482:Bibcode
9284:120–121
9274:(ed.).
8890:2 March
8817:1 April
8560:5 March
7885:5 March
7787:1 March
7616:20 July
7370:4742864
7349:Bibcode
7301:6667399
7174:5674830
7013:7654592
6940:2722920
6783:5 March
6747:5 March
6696:5 March
6396:by the
6298:poverty
6089:Vietnam
5882:Croatia
5868:Andorra
5826:Estonia
5637:Vietnam
5634:Vanuatu
5628:Ukraine
5625:Tunisia
5607:Senegal
5589:Nigeria
5580:Myanmar
5577:Morocco
5568:Lesotho
5565:Lebanon
5562:Lao PDR
5514:Comoros
5502:Bolivia
5472:Turkiye
5436:Namibia
5427:Moldova
5397:Jamaica
5385:Grenada
5382:Georgia
5370:Ecuador
5337:Belarus
5331:Armenia
5322:Algeria
5319:Albania
5195:Vietnam
5169:Vanuatu
5143:Uruguay
5117:Ukraine
5052:Tunisia
4883:Somalia
4818:Senegal
4701:Romania
4532:Nigeria
4467:Namibia
4454:Myanmar
4428:Morocco
4389:Moldova
4233:Liberia
4220:Lesotho
4207:Lebanon
4090:Jamaica
4012:Hungary
3921:Grenada
3895:Georgia
3817:Eritrea
3765:Ecuador
3661:Comoros
3544:Burundi
3453:Bolivia
3401:Belarus
3362:Bahrain
3349:Bahamas
3323:Armenia
3271:Algeria
3258:Albania
3204:poverty
2901:Impacts
2890:(COP).
2769:biomass
2744:Vietnam
2729:Uruguay
2619:Liberia
2614:Lebanon
2554:Georgia
2534:Denmark
2529:Croatia
2499:Belgium
2484:Algeria
2479:Albania
2384:, Ghana
2226:systems
2193:, poor
2189:Unsafe
2169:malaria
2165:disease
2154:obesity
1828:poverty
1768:Outline
1690:Poverty
1629:Oceania
1507:Economy
1444:Vietnam
1394:or the
1345:(i.e.,
1324:(i.e.,
1255:or the
1235:, high
1233:poverty
1213:Oceania
1211:), and
905:Marxism
764:in 2024
598:); and
411:or low
364:, many
344:), low
310:robbery
304:rates (
300:, high
254:poverty
207:hygiene
12980:divide
12627:BASIC
12348:(NIIP)
12211:Other
12195:Europe
12182:Wealth
12165:Europe
12160:Canada
12138:Europe
11843:about
11823:
11783:
11563:21 May
11342:. See
11279:25 May
11253:25 May
11110:
10802:
10788:Nature
10706:20 May
10627:
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10393:
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10285:
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7965:12 May
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5490:Angola
5478:Tuvalu
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3064:, and
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2719:Uganda
2714:Turkey
2704:Taiwan
2684:Serbia
2679:Russia
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2629:Mexico
2609:Kuwait
2509:Canada
2504:Brazil
2279:Energy
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
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1624:Europe
1604:Africa
1542:rubber
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1408:Taiwan
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1366:: The
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318:murder
258:hunger
217:(e.g.
147:) and
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12615:BRICS
12125:Wages
12088:(GNI)
12041:(PPP)
11992:(GDP)
11716:(PDF)
11709:(PDF)
11681:(PDF)
11674:(PDF)
11589:(PDF)
11582:(PDF)
11557:(PDF)
11550:(PDF)
11525:(PDF)
11518:(PDF)
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11431:(PDF)
11424:(PDF)
11399:(PDF)
11392:(PDF)
11367:(PDF)
11360:(PDF)
11314:(PDF)
11307:(PDF)
11108:S2CID
11063:(PDF)
11056:(PDF)
10737:(PDF)
10726:(PDF)
10700:(PDF)
10693:(PDF)
10638:(PDF)
10621:(PDF)
10509:4 May
10322:(1).
10240:(PDF)
10233:(PDF)
10206:(1).
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10030:CHNRI
10026:(PDF)
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9416:9 May
9396:UNFPA
9386:9 May
9359:9 May
9270:. In
9242:(PDF)
9231:(PDF)
9200:(PDF)
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8719:(PDF)
8628:S2CID
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8525:S2CID
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8385:(PDF)
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8269:S2CID
8261:JSTOR
7959:(PDF)
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7922:(PDF)
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7753:S2CID
7735:arXiv
7708:S2CID
7673:S2CID
7068:S2CID
6944:S2CID
6879:S2CID
6378:Macau
6357:Notes
6302:South
6230:Egypt
6202:China
6188:India
6145:BRICS
6115:Chile
5985:India
5972:China
5916:Macau
5780:Malta
5601:Samoa
5583:Nepal
5553:Kenya
5544:India
5538:Haiti
5535:Ghana
5496:Benin
5469:Tonga
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5409:Libya
5379:Gabon
5352:China
5208:Yemen
5026:Tonga
4961:Syria
4935:Sudan
4779:Samoa
4688:Qatar
4584:Palau
4519:Niger
4493:Nepal
4480:Nauru
4246:Libya
4129:Kenya
4025:India
3986:Haiti
3908:Ghana
3869:Gabon
3778:Egypt
3635:Chile
3622:China
3427:Benin
3157:(see
3149:(see
2699:Syria
2639:Nepal
2624:Libya
2604:Kenya
2594:Japan
2579:India
2569:Haiti
2559:Ghana
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2519:China
2514:Chile
2382:Accra
1883:slums
1744:Lists
1432:China
1412:Japan
1372:India
1351:China
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1205:Japan
706:Qatar
702:Macao
370:slums
302:crime
127:is a
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12887:G-11
12877:G-24
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12857:G-77
12663:Debt
12436:and
11821:ISBN
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11724:2016
11689:2016
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11627:2022
11597:2015
11565:2014
11533:2014
11501:2007
11474:2014
11439:2014
11407:2014
11375:2014
11322:2014
11281:2023
11255:2023
11229:2023
11203:2020
11173:2020
11124:2019
11071:2022
11025:2020
10998:2019
10968:2019
10914:2019
10884:Time
10866:2020
10835:2020
10800:ISSN
10745:2018
10708:2015
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10625:ISBN
10579:2021
10545:OCLC
10535:ISBN
10511:2018
10481:p. 2
10439:2013
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10357:2024
10350:NASA
10332:2018
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10216:2018
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10140:2022
10114:2022
10088:2018
10009:2018
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8892:2018
8850:PMID
8819:2019
8789:2019
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8562:2020
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