Traffic collision - Knowledge

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57% of crashes were due solely to driver factors, 27% to the combined roadway and driver factors, 6% to the combined vehicle and driver factors, 3% solely to roadway factors, 3% to combined roadway, driver, and vehicle factors, 2% solely to vehicle factors, and 1% to combined roadway and vehicle factors. Reducing the severity of injury in crashes is more important than reducing incidence and ranking incidence by broad categories of causes is misleading regarding severe injury reduction. Vehicle and road modifications are generally more effective than behavioral change efforts with the exception of certain laws such as required use of seat belts, motorcycle helmets, and graduated licensing of teenagers.

1559:, compared the statistics for fatality rates in Great Britain, for transport-related incidents both before and after the introduction of the motor vehicle, for journeys, including those once by water that now are undertaken by motor vehicle: For the period 1863–1870 there were: 470 fatalities per million of population (76 on railways, 143 on roads, 251 on water); for the period 1891–1900 the corresponding figures were: 348 (63, 107, 178); for the period 1931–1938: 403 (22, 311, 70) and for the year 1963: 325 (10, 278, 37). Leeming concluded that the data showed that "travel accidents may even have been more frequent a century ago than they are now, at least for men". 1460: 3719:

mph, leaving drivers vulnerable at highway speeds ... Additional testing found that while the advanced headlight technology found in HID and LED headlights illuminated dark roadways 25 percent further than their halogen counter parts, they still may fail to fully illuminate roadways at speeds greater than 45 mph. High-beam settings on these advanced headlights offered significant improvement over low-beam settings, lighting distances of up to 500 feet (equal to 55 mph). Despite the increase, even the most advanced headlights fall 60 percent short of the sight distances that the full light of day provides.

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the rule constantly changes as the motorist proceeds, and is measured at any moment by the distance between the motorist's vehicle and the limit of his vision ahead, or by the distance between the vehicle and any intermediate discernible static or forward-moving object in the street or highway ahead constituting an obstruction in his path. Such rule requires a motorist in the exercise of due care at all times to see, or to know from having seen, that the road is clear or apparently clear and safe for travel, a sufficient distance ahead to make it apparently safe to advance at the speed employed.

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1921 when it reached 12 deaths per 100,000 Americans. The right to walk was considered dispensable a century later in 2021, when the annual death rate was 12.9 per 100,000. Safety focus on protecting the occupants of automobiles has victimized bicyclists and pedestrians whose injuries are attributed to individual carelessness. From 2010 to 2019, fatalities rose 36% for bicyclists and nearly doubled for those on foot. Reasons include larger vehicles, faster driving, and digital distractions making walking and biking in the United States far more dangerous than in other comparable nations.

665:, for example, involve at least one party who hopes to crash a vehicle in order to submit lucrative claims to an insurance company. In the United States during the 1990s, criminals recruited Latin American immigrants to deliberately crash cars, usually by cutting in front of another car and slamming on the brakes. It was an illegal and risky job, and they were typically paid only $ 100. Jose Luis Lopez Perez, a staged crash driver, died after one such maneuver, leading to an investigation that uncovered the increasing frequency of this type of crash. 55: 787: 973: 47: 674: 493: 180: 226: 1575: 945: 1433:

subconscious relaxation on leaving the "dangerous" bend may cause drivers to act with fractionally less care on the rest of the road, resulting in an increase in collisions elsewhere on the road, and no overall improvement over the area. In the same way, increasing familiarity with the treated area will often result in a reduction over time to the previous level of care and may result in faster speeds around the bend due to perceived increased safety (

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behaviors (speed, stopping at intersections when the control light was amber, turning left in front of oncoming traffic, and gaps in following distance) were measured at various sites before and after the law. Changes in these behaviors in Newfoundland were similar to those in Nova Scotia, except that drivers in Newfoundland drove slower on expressways after the law, contrary to the risk compensation theory.

1020: 734:) is a factor in about 40 percent of road deaths. The RTA also says speeding increases the risk of a crash and its severity. On another web page, the RTA qualifies its claims by referring to one specific piece of research from 1997, and writes "Research has shown that the risk of a crash causing death or injury increases rapidly, even with small increases above an appropriately set speed limit." 6204: 1517:(NHTSA) is a person who dies within 30 days of a crash on a US public road involving a vehicle with an engine, the death being the result of the crash. In the U.S., therefore, if a driver has a non-fatal heart attack that leads to a road-traffic crash that causes death, that is a road-traffic fatality. If the heart attack causes death prior to the crash, it is not a road-traffic fatality. 1694:: drivers who are involved in a collision may receive one or more traffic citations for improper driving conduct such as speeding, failure to obey a traffic control device, or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Convictions for traffic violations are usually penalized with fines, and for more severe offenses, the suspension or revocation of driving privileges. 2714:: "Blame for accidents seems to me to be at best irrelevant and at worst actively harmful." ... "Much of the Leeming case is that by attributing blame and instituting proceedings against the motorist, the law virtually guarantees that none of the participants will be wholly truthful, so that the factors that really led to the accident are never discovered." 1775:

property damage, and injuries to passengers and drivers. Where another driver's vehicle is damaged as the result of a crash, some states allow the owner of the vehicle to recover both the cost of repair for the diminished value of the vehicle from the at-fault driver. Because the financial liability that results from causing a crash is so high,

117:, and property damage as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved. Road transport is statistically the most dangerous situation people deal with on a daily basis, but casualty figures from such incidents attract less media attention than other, less frequent types of tragedy. The commonly used term 1665:(GNP) of every country each year. A recent study from Nepal showed that the total economic costs of road injuries were approximately $ 122.88 million, equivalent to 1.52% of the total Nepal GNP for 2017, indicating the growing national financial burden associate with preventable road injuries and deaths. 3718:

AAA's test results suggest that halogen headlights, found in over 80 percent of vehicles on the road today, may fail to safely illuminate unlit roadways at speeds as low as 40 mph. ... high-beam settings on halogen headlights ... may only provide enough light to safely stop at speeds of up to 48

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In France, the Ministry of Interior reported that traffic incidents, crash-related injuries, and fatalities dropped in 2020 compared with 2019. Fatalities dropped 21.4%, injuries dropped 20.9%, and incidents overall dropped 20%. It also reported that the number of vehicles on the road dropped by 75%,

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Road incidents are caused by a large number of human factors such as failing to act according to weather conditions, road design, signage, speed limits, lighting conditions, pavement markings, and roadway obstacles. A 1985 study by K. Rumar, using British and American crash reports as data, suggested

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The economic cost to the individuals involved in an MVC varies widely depending on geographic distribution, and varies largely on depth of accident insurance cover, and legislative policy. In the UK for example, a survey conducted using 500 post-accident insurance policy customers, showed an average

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A 1985 US study showed that about 34% of serious crashes had contributing factors related to the roadway or its environment. Most of these crashes also involved a human factor. The road or environmental factor was either noted as making a significant contribution to the circumstances of the crash or

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Insurance statistics demonstrate a notably higher incidence of collisions and fatalities among drivers aged in their teens or early twenties, with insurance rates reflecting this data. These drivers have the highest incidence of both collisions and fatalities among all driver age groups, a fact that

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of the 1970s. He concluded that the removal of highway clutter, while allowing drivers and other road users to mingle with equal priority, could help drivers recognize environmental clues. They relied on their cognitive skills alone, reducing traffic speeds radically and resulting in lower levels of

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Conversely, a location that does not look dangerous may have a high crash frequency. This is, in part, because if drivers perceive a location as hazardous, they take more care. Collisions may be more likely to happen when hazardous road or traffic conditions are not obvious at a glance, or where the

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when they set insurance rates for different age groups, partly based on their age, sex, and choice of vehicle. Older drivers with slower reactions might be expected to be involved in more collisions, but this has not been the case as they tend to drive less and, apparently, more cautiously. Attempts

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survey of British drivers found 78% of drivers thought they were highly skilled at driving, and most thought they were better than other drivers, a result suggesting overconfidence in their abilities. Nearly all drivers who had been in a crash did not believe themselves to be at fault. One survey of

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It is negligence as a matter of law to drive a motor vehicle at such a rate of speed that it cannot be stopped in time to avoid an obstruction discernible within the driver's length of vision ahead of him. This rule is known generally as the 'assured clear distance ahead' rule * * * In application,

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Various factors such as fatigue or sleep deprivation might increase the risk, or the number of hours of driving might increase the risk of an incident. 41% of drivers self-report having fallen asleep at the wheel. It is estimated that 15% of fatal crashes involve drowsiness (10% of daytime crashes,

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There are demographic differences in crash rates. For example, although young people tend to have good reaction times, disproportionately more young male drivers feature in collisions, with researchers observing that many exhibit behaviors and attitudes to risk that can place them in more hazardous

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found that leading contributing factors for fatal crashes included driving too fast for conditions or in excess of the speed limit, operating under the influence, failure to yield right of way, failure to keep within the proper lane, operating a vehicle in a careless manner, and distracted driving.

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They took into account thirty factors which it was thought might affect the death rate. Among these were included the annual consumption of wine, of spirits and of malt beverages—taken individually—the amount spent on road maintenance, the minimum temperature, certain of the legal measures such as

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Common rates related to road traffic fatalities include the number of deaths per capita, per registered vehicle, per licensed driver, or per vehicle mile or kilometer traveled. Simple counts are almost never used. The annual count of fatalities is a rate, namely, the number of fatalities per year.

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Several driving behaviors were observed on the road before and after the belt use law was enforced in Newfoundland, and in Nova Scotia during the same period without a law. Belt use increased from 16 percent to 77 percent in Newfoundland and remained virtually unchanged in Nova Scotia. Four driver

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updated its style guide to recommend that journalists use "crash, collision, or other terms" rather than "accident" unless culpability is proven. The AP also recommends avoiding "accident" when negligence is proven or claimed because the term "can be read as exonerating the person responsible." In

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Alors qu'ils ne représentent que 13,8 % de la population française âgée de 15 ans et plus, les ouvriers comptaient pour 22,1 % des 3 239 personnes décédées sur la route en 2007 et pour 19 % des blessés hospitalisés. À l'inverse, les cadres supérieurs, professions libérales et chefs

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has changed the legal landscape. For example, Michigan had a unique no-fault system that guaranteed lifetime benefits for people injured in motor vehicle collisions. This changed in 2020, when the state legislature amended the laws, allowing people to opt for less coverage. While the aim of these

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estimated the U.S. cost in 2000 at $ 230 billion. A 2010 US report estimated costs of $ 277 billion, which included lost productivity, medical costs, legal and court costs, emergency service costs (EMS), insurance administration costs, congestion costs, property damage, and workplace losses. "The

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United States judges prioritized pedestrians' rights in city streets when early 20th century automobiles appeared. Pedestrian injuries were regarded as the fault of a motorist driving too fast. As automobile ownership increased, the rate of traffic deaths in the United States doubled from 1915 to

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In 2004 50 million more were injured in motor vehicle collisions. In 2013, between 1.25 million and 1.4 million people were killed in traffic collisions, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990. That number represents about 2.5% of all deaths. Approximately 50 million additional people were injured in

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have a more severe effect on driving performance than either in isolation. Taking recommended doses of several drugs together, which individually do not cause impairment, may cause drowsiness. This could be more pronounced in an elderly person whose renal function is less efficient than a younger

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Females in this age group exhibit somewhat lower collision and fatality rates than males but still register well above the median for drivers of all ages. Also within this group, the highest collision incidence rate occurs within the first year of licensed driving. For this reason, many US states

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Preliminary data also show that even as traffic levels returned to normal after the onset of COVID in March–April 2020, drivers continued to drive at excessive speeds. A 2020 study conducted by INRIX, private company that analyzes traffic patters, behaviors and congestion, showed that as traffic

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and helmets. This difference is reflected in the casualty statistics, where they are more than twice as likely to suffer severely after a collision. In 2005, there were 198,735 road crashes with 271,017 reported casualties on roads in Great Britain. This included 3,201 deaths (1.1%) and 28,954

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research, where the predicted reductions in collision rates have not occurred after legislative or technical changes. One study observed that the introduction of improved brakes resulted in more aggressive driving, and another argued that compulsory seat belt laws have not been accompanied by a

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had nearly four times greater risk of crashing their cars than those who were not. Research from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute has found that drivers who are texting while driving are 23 times more likely to be involved in a crash as non-texting drivers. Dialing a phone is the most

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Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in the workplace in the United States accounting for 35 percent of all workplace fatalities. In the United States, individuals involved in motor vehicle collisions may be held financially liable for the consequences of a collision, including

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While the advent of the COVID lockdown meant a decrease in road traffic in the United States, the rates of incidents, speeding, and traffic fatalities rose in 2020 and 2021 (rate as measured against vehicle miles traveled). The traffic fatality rate jumped to 1.25 per 100 million vehicle miles

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The safety performance of roadways is almost always reported as a rate. That is, some measure of harm (deaths, injuries, or number of crashes) divided by some measure of exposure to the risk of this harm. Rates are used so the safety performance of different locations can be compared, and to

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individual financial loss of £1300.00. This is due in part to voluntary excesses that are common tactics used to reduce overall premium, and in part due to under valuation of vehicles. By contrast, Australian insurance policy holders are subject to an average financial loss of $ 950.00 AUD.

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the amount spent on police, the number of police per 100,000 inhabitants, the follow-up programme on dangerous drivers, the quality of driver testing, and so on. The thirty factors were finally reduced to six by eliminating those found to have small or negligible effect. The final six were:

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may occur at a dangerous bend. The treatment for this may be to increase signage, post an advisory speed limit, apply a high-friction road surface, add crash barriers or any one of a number of other visible interventions. The immediate result may be to reduce collisions at the bend, but the

1405:, in its Global Status Report on Road Safety 2009, estimates that over 90% of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries, which have only 48% of the world's registered vehicles, and predicts road traffic injuries will rise to become the fifth leading 1284:(NSC) estimated of total motor-vehicle deaths for the first six months of 2021 were 21,450, up 16% from 2020 and up 17% from 18,384 in 2019. The estimated mileage death rate in 2021 was 1.43 deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, up 3% from 1.39 in 2020 and up 24% from 1.15 in 2019. 471:. Collisions may also be intentionally caused by people who hope to make an insurance claim against the other driver or may be staged for such purposes as insurance fraud. Motor vehicles may also be involved in collisions as part of a deliberate effort to hurt other people, such as in a 1381:

Owing to the global and massive scale of the issue, with predictions that by 2020 road traffic deaths and injuries will exceed HIV/AIDS as a cause of death and disability, the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies have passed resolutions and held conferences on the issue. The first

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to perceive and react in the time and distance available. High incidence of crashes is not indicative of high injury risk. Crashes are common in areas of high vehicle congestion, but fatal crashes occur disproportionately on rural roads at night when traffic is relatively light.

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India recorded 105,000 traffic deaths in a year, followed by China with over 96,000 deaths. This makes motor vehicle collisions the leading cause of injury and death among children worldwide 10–19 years old (260,000 children die a year, 10 million are injured) and the sixth

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The definition of a road-traffic fatality can change with time in the same country. For example, fatality was defined in France as a person who dies in the six days (pre 2005) after the collision and was subsequently changed to the 30 days (post 2005) after the collision.

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the feeling of being confident in more and more challenging situations is experienced as evidence of driving ability, and that 'proven' ability reinforces the feelings of confidence. Confidence feeds itself and grows unchecked until something happens – a near-miss or an

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value of societal harm from motor vehicle crashes, which includes both economic impacts and valuation for lost quality-of-life, was $ 870.8 billion in 2010. Sixty-eight percent of this value represents lost quality-of-life, while 32 percent are economic impacts."

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As of February 2022 the "upper limit" is £25,000 for an accident which occurred on or after 31 July 2013; the limit under a previous version of the protocol was £10,000 for an accident which had occurred on or after 30 April 2010 but before 31 July 2013.

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comprised a steam engine pulling a combined passenger and fuel tender; Mary Ward's collision may be characterized as the first fatality involving a vehicle in the form of a contemporary motorcar, in which the engine is mounted and passengers ride on the same

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shows for 2006, that "exceeding the speed limit" was a contributory factor in 5% of all casualty crashes (14% of all fatal crashes), and "traveling too fast for conditions" was a contributory factor in 11% of all casualty crashes (18% of all fatal crashes).

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is occasionally prosecuted, especially in cases involving alcohol. Convictions for alcohol offenses may result in the revocation or long term suspension of the driver's license, and sometimes jail time, mandatory drug or alcohol rehabilitation, or

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describes the behaviour the court expects of the parties prior to the start of proceedings where a claimant claims damages valued at no more than the Protocol upper limit as a result of a personal injury sustained by that person in a road traffic

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may occur. These issues may make those who have been in a crash afraid to drive again. In some cases, psychological trauma may affect individuals' lives, causing difficulty going to work, attending school, or performing family responsibilities.

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In 2013, 54 million people worldwide sustained injuries from traffic collisions. This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990. About 68,000 of these occurred with children less than five years old. Almost all

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has also evolved to improve protection after collision, both for vehicle occupants and for those outside of the vehicle. Much of this work was led by automotive industry competition and technological innovation, leading to measures such as

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Human factors in vehicle collisions include anything related to drivers and other road users that may contribute to a collision. Examples include driver behavior, visual and auditory acuity, decision-making ability, and reaction speed.

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have shown the same results. This may be due to working-class people having less access to secure equipment in cars, having older cars which are less protected against crash, and needing to cover more distance to go to work each day.

2181:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 837:

policy wherein receiving a moving violation within the first six months to one year of obtaining a license results in automatic license suspension. South Dakota is the only state that allows fourteen-year-olds to obtain drivers'

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There is no one rate that is superior to others in any general sense, it depends on the question asked and the available data. Some agencies concentrate on crashes per total vehicle distance traveled and others combine rates.

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levels returned to normal during the three-month period August to October 2020, growth in collisions (57%), outpaced the growth in miles traveled (22%) resulting in a higher than normal collision rate during this period.

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is one example of Nelson's focus on the violence of the wreck with cars and trucks piled into a heap, left to the forces of nature and time. This recurring theme of violence is echoed in the work of Li Yan. His painting

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Varmazyar, S., Mortazavi, S. B., Arghami, S., & Hajizadeh, E. (2016). Relationship between organisational safety culture dimensions and crashes. International journal of injury control and safety promotion, 23(1),

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The passenger vehicle occupant fatality rate at nighttime is about three times higher than the daytime rate. ... The data shows a higher percentage of passenger vehicle occupants killed in speeding-related crashes at

431:'s Highway Safety Office emphasizes that "crashes are no accident", saying that "Using the word accident suggests that an incident was unavoidable, but many roadway crashes can be attributed to human error." The 6059: 6038: 435:

states that "accident" should be dropped in favor of "crash", saying that "Traffic crashes are fixable problems, caused by inattentive drivers and driver behavior. They are NOT accidents." In line with their

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In France, in 2018, the speed limit was reduced from 90 km/h to 80 km/h on a large part of the local outside built-up area road network in the sole aim of reducing the number of road fatalities.

5326:"The Economic and Societal Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2010", by Lawrence Blincoe, Ted R. Miller, Ph.D., Eduard Zaloshnja, Ph.D., Bruce A. Lawrence, Ph.D., DOT HS 812 013, Washington, D.C.: May 2014. 1068:

A well-designed and well-maintained vehicle, with good brakes, tires and well-adjusted suspension will be more controllable in an emergency and thus be better equipped to avoid collisions. Some mandatory

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Research has shown that careful design and maintenance, with well-designed intersections, road surfaces, visibility and traffic control devices, can result in significant improvements in collision rates.

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clearly attributed fall in overall fatalities. Most claims of risk compensation offsetting the effects of vehicle regulation and belt use laws have been discredited by research using more refined data.

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But that progress obscures a surprising type of inequality: The most disadvantaged are more likely — and have grown even more likely over time — to die in car crashes than people who are well-off

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In Michigan in 2019, excessive speed was a factor in 18.8% of the fatalities that resulted from fatal motor vehicle crashes and in 15.6% of the suspected serious injuries resulting from crashes.

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to cover these potential costs. In the event of serious injuries or fatalities, it is possible for injured persons to seek compensation in excess of the at-fault driver's insurance coverage.

2241:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 649:'s studies of driver behavior led him to the realization that signs and regulations had an adverse effect on a driver's ability to interact safely with other road users. Monderman developed 625:

to impose traffic policies can be complicated by local circumstances and driver behavior. In 1969 Leeming warned that there is a balance to be struck when "improving" the safety of a road.

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Higgins, J. Stephen; Michael, Jeff; Austin, Rory; Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Van Dongen, Hans P. A.; Watson, Nathaniel; Czeisler, Charles; Pack, Allan I.; Rosekind, Mark R. (25 January 2017).

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resulting from the collision, including damages to property and injuries to other persons. Companies can be held liable if their employees cause motor vehicle crashes under a theory of

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serious injuries (10.7%) overall. Of these casualties 178,302 (66%) were car users and 24,824 (9%) were motorcyclists, of whom 569 were killed (2.3%) and 5,939 seriously injured (24%).

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compiled more than 30 studies postulating that hands-free is not a safer option because the brain remains distracted by the conversation and cannot focus solely on the task of driving.

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of ownership coupled with the freedom of the road. The violence of a car wreck provides a counterpoint to that promise and is the subject of artwork by a number of artists, such as

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did not allow room to recover. In these circumstances, it is frequently the driver who is blamed rather than the road; those reporting the collisions have a tendency to overlook the

897:. Many jurisdictions now restrict or outlaw the use of some types of phones in the car. Recent research conducted by British scientists suggests that music can also have an effect; 2356: 2334: 720:

In the U.S. in 2018, 9,378 people were killed in motor vehicle crashes involving at least one speeding driver, which accounted for 26% of all traffic-related deaths for the year.

1480:. In the state of Texas alone, there were a total of 415,892 traffic collisions, including 3,005 fatal crashes in 2012. In Canada, they are the cause of 48% of severe injuries. 3483: 1868:(airbrushed oil on linen, 1972). Similarly, Jan Anders Nelson works with the wreck in its resting state in junkyards or forests, or as elements in his paintings and drawings. 4318: 1428:

Collisions migration refers to a situation where action to reduce road traffic collisions in one place may result in those collisions resurfacing elsewhere. For example, an

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report. These statistics show a ten-to-one ratio of in-vehicle fatalities between types of cars. In most cars, occupants have a 2–8% chance of death in a two-car collision.

1501:, for example, selects high collision locations based on a combination of crashes per million miles traveled, crashes per mile per year, and value loss (crash severity). 2147: 3934: 3215: 3596:

Leibowitz, Herschel W.; Owens, D. Alfred; Tyrrell, Richard A. (1998). "The assured clear distance ahead rule: implications for nighttime traffic safety and the law".

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and operating a public transport service between Glasgow and Paisley overturned, causing a boiler explosion which killed four or five passengers and injured others.

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The evidence shows the risk of having a crash is increased both for vehicles traveling slower than the average speed and for those traveling above the average speed.

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Car deaths are also higher in poorer states. The road death rate is negatively associated with GDP per capita (-.47) and even more so with per capita income (-.66).

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survey concluded Irish drivers are very safety-conscious relative to other European drivers. This does not translate to significantly lower crash rates in Ireland.

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ACDA or "assured clear distance ahead" requires a driver to keep his motor vehicle under control so that he can stop in the distance in which he can clearly see.

2812: 1829:, crashes caused by defective tires, or where injuries are caused or worsened as a result of defective airbags, it is possible that the manufacturer will face a 4610: 3188: 1420:, setting a target to reduce global traffic deaths and injuries by 50% within ten years. The decade of 2021–2030 was declared the second decade of road safety. 1582:

He also compared the circumstances around road deaths as reported in various American states before the widespread introduction of 55 mph (89 km/h)

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traveled, up from 1.06 during the same period in 2019. Reasons cited for the increases are greater speeds, not wearing seatbelts, and driving while impaired.

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were worn in collisions involving death or serious injury, rather than light injury; wearing a seat belt reduces the risk of death by about 45 percent.

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Although proficiency in these skills is taught and tested as part of the driving exam, a "good" driver can still be at a high risk of crashing because:

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to reduce the likelihood of rollover. After retrofitting these systems to its models in 1999–2000, Mercedes saw its models involved in fewer crashes.

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dangerous distraction, increasing a drivers' chance of crashing by 12 times, followed by reading or writing, which increased the risk by ten times.

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have shown that poor people have a greater risk of dying in a car crash than people who are well-off. Car deaths are also higher in poorer states.

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Now, about 40% of new US vehicles, mainly the SUVs, vans and pickup trucks that are more susceptible to rollover, are being produced with a lower

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A graph outlining the relationship between the number of hours driven and the percentage of commercial truck crashes related to driver fatigue

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wrote a letter stating that "A crash is not an accident", emphasizing that the Department's Research and Special Programs Administration, the

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Cooper, Peter J. (Summer 1997). "The relationship between speeding behaviour (as measured by violation convictions) and crash involvement".

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and 24% of nighttime crashes). Work factors can increase the risk of drowsy driving such as long or irregular hours or driving at night.

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Some traffic collisions are caused intentionally by a driver. For example, a collision may be caused by a driver who intends to commit

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tests that indicate how "self-explaining" and forgiving a particular road and its roadside would be in the event of a major incident.

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Driver impairment describes factors that prevent the driver from driving at their normal level of skill. Common impairments include:

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alongside law enforcement policies that included drink-driving laws, setting of speed limits, and speed enforcement systems such as

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Following specifically distinct rules too bureaucratically, inflexibly or rigidly when unique circumstances might suggest otherwise

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reduction in road deaths, saving as much as £6 billion per year. A consortium of 13 major road safety stakeholders has formed the

420:(AAA) passed a resolution to replace "car accident" with "car crash" in their vocabulary. In 2022, the traffic management company 1653:

The global economic cost of MVCs was estimated at $ 518 billion per year in 2003, and $ 100 billion in developing countries. The

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may imply that there is no one to blame or that the collision was unavoidable, whereas most traffic collisions are the result of

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Unlike most other developed countries, per capita traffic collision deaths in the US reversed their decline in the early 2010s.

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involved, such as the subtleties of design and maintenance that a driver could fail to observe or inadequately compensate for.

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For example, we find that drivers from low socioeconomic backgrounds are overinvolved in severe accidents with fatal outcomes

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In some cases, involving a defect in the design or manufacture of motor vehicles, such as where defective design results in

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Traffic collision affect the national economy as the cost of road injuries are estimated to account for 1.0% to 2.0% of the

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than standard passenger cars. Rollovers can be fatal, especially if the occupants are ejected because they were not wearing

5601: 5499: 2400: 1553: 1509:

The definition of a road-traffic fatality varies from country to country. In the United States, the definition used in the

1373:

A large body of knowledge has been amassed on how to prevent car crashes, and reduce the severity of those that do occur.

455:

that may discourage the involved parties from fully disclosing the facts, and thus frustrate attempts to address the real

5698: 5337: 3132: 1473: 1231:

to reduce the risk of rollover and meet US federal requirements that mandate anti-rollover technology by September 2011.

764:. Such practice is illegal and is particularly responsible for an increase in fatalities at night – when it occurs most. 4796:

Jiao, Chengwu; Yang, Manjuan; Hao, Yubo (2009). "Analysis of Characters and Causes of Road Traffic Accident Migration".

1154:, other active or passive safety features, and smooth exteriors to reduce the consequences of an impact on pedestrians. 905:

may encourage the driver to step on the acceleration pedal, thus creating a potentially dangerous situation on the road.

4206: 4013: 3767: 3738: 1510: 5618:

Peden, Margie; Scurfield, Richard; Sleet, David; Mohan, Dinesh; Hyder, Adnan A.; Jarawan, Eva; Mathers, Colin (2004).

1478:

36,096 people killed and 2.74 million people injured in motor vehicle traffic crashes on roadways in the United States

1416:

is directed at reducing road injuries and deaths. February 2020 saw a global ministerial conference which brought the

1280:

In their preliminary report covering the first six months of 2021, the US nonprofit public safety advocacy group, the

411:

had all declared that "accident" should be avoided in their published writings and media communications. In 2016, the

5631: 4945: 4813: 4662: 4455: 3827: 3195: 2683: 1798:. Twelve states take the no-fault approach, where injured parties file their primary claims with their own insurer. 1056:. Observation of driver behaviors before and after seat belt laws does not support the risk compensation hypothesis. 441: 3705: 3054: 1545:

The world's first recorded road traffic death involving a motor vehicle occurred on 31 August 1869. Irish scientist

6193: 3047:"New data from Virginia Tech Transportation Institute provides insight into cell phone use and driving distraction" 2038: 1451: 1002: 901:

is considered to be calming, yet too much could relax the driver to a condition of distraction. On the other hand,

894: 570: 6102: 3542: 4775: 4750: 4726: 2608: 1383: 1150:

Common features designed to improve safety include thicker pillars, safety glass, interiors with no sharp edges,

452: 417: 4932: 1794:

system. Most use a tort-based system, wherein injured people seek financial compensation from at-fault parties'

6340: 5347: 4588: 4324: 3689:. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. National Center for Statistics and Analysis. 2123: 1963: 1826: 504:

caused by a collision, ranging from bruising and contusions to catastrophic physical injury (e.g., paralysis),

404: 196: 5255: 1620:

These are placed in descending order of importance. These six accounted for 70% of the variations in the rate.

5206: 4074: 4037: 4003: 3972: 3077: 2306: 1162: 1098: 998: 778: 738: 5188: 4561: 2842: 2579: 980:

Individual roads also have widely differing performance in the event of an impact. In Europe, there are now

6358: 6276: 6128: 5205:. King's County Chronicle. Offaly Historical & Archaeological Society. 2 September 2007. Archived from 1933: 1811:

laws is to reduce the cost of insurance premiums, catastrophically injured claimants might find themselves

1224: 1209: 1111:

in 1959. Other initiatives were accelerated as a reaction to consumer pressure, after publications such as

921:

Several conditions can combine to create a more dangerous situation, for example, low doses of alcohol and

755: 554:, and other human factors contribute wholly or partly to about 93% of crashes. A 2019 report from the U.S. 3571: 3455: 3131:(Road Safety Research Report No. 74 ed.). Transport Research Laboratory. January 2007. Archived from 2500: 2386: 893:

Research suggests that the driver's attention is affected by distracting sounds such as conversations and

6384: 6301: 6286: 6225: 4184: 2727: 1978: 1888: 1719: 1587: 1402: 1323: 1129: 848:, with some jurisdictions requiring driver retesting for reaction speed and eyesight after a certain age. 773: 385: 161: 5915: 5885: 5574: 2786: 2082:

fatal collision in July 1834 preceded Ward's demise. In the 1834 event, a steam carriage constructed by

6240: 5123:(Final Report). Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State university. Archived from 5102: 3516: 1983: 1368: 1240: 20: 4041: 3918:"Understanding the Distracted Brain, Why Driving While Using Hands-Free Cell Phones is Risky Behavior" 2087: 805:, coroner reports from 2008 suggested almost 40% of fatally injured drivers consumed some quantity of 710:

There is limited evidence suggesting lower speed limits result in lower speeds on a system-wide basis.

5623: 5073: 4972: 4882: 4239: 3686: 3429: 3125:

The Good, the Bad and the Talented: Young Drivers' Perspectives on Good Driving and Learning to Drive

3020: 2654: 1636:

was walking her bicycle outside of the crosswalk, and died in the hospital after she was struck by a

1398: 1390:

was declared in 2005. In 2009 the first high level ministerial conference on road safety was held in

1052:

suggesting that their use may lead to a net increase in road casualties due to a phenomenon known as

261: 5726: 5606:

Pre-Action Protocol for Low Value Personal Injury Claims in Road Traffic Accidents from 31 July 2013

1750:

Pre-Action Protocol for Low Value Personal Injury Claims in Road Traffic Accidents from 31 July 2013

1682: 1463:

Death rate from road collisions, in 2019, Central African Republic and Saudi Arabia being shaded red

1312:

Sudden swerving into somebody's blind spot without first clearly making oneself visible through the

616:

have been expanded to test a new driver's behavior during emergencies, and their hazard perception.

6389: 6078: 4478:

Yair G, Mahalel D. (30 September 2010). "Who by accident? The social morphology of car accidents".

3976: 3940: 3219: 1228: 1213: 1158: 505: 34: 6097: 3345: 1201: 987:

In the UK, research has shown that investment in a safe road infrastructure program could yield a

6335: 6121: 5963: 5446: 4101: 3631: 2524: 1281: 908: 169: 4904: 4883:"The Rise in U.S. Traffic Deaths / What's behind America's unique problem with vehicle crashes?" 4800:. Ninth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). pp. 1–7. 704:

The risk of being injured increases exponentially with speeds much faster than the median speed.

6250: 5423: 4652: 1662: 1562: 1208:' (sudden swerving to avoid an obstacle) in 1997, some manufacturers enhanced suspension using 956:, or other physical objects can help reduce the consequences of a collision or minimize damage. 551: 472: 242: 130: 4432:

d'entreprise (8,4 % de la population) ne totalisaient que 2,9 % des morts et blessés

4415: 3819: 3789: 1687:

There are a number of possible legal consequences for causing a traffic collision, including:

1459: 516:

estimates that roughly 100 people die in motor vehicle crashes each day in the United States.

5124: 4419: 3308: 1906: 1722:, may result in criminal charges against the driver. In the event of a fatality, a charge of 1546: 1538: 1417: 1198: 1045: 880: 868: 730:(NSW) asserts speeding (traveling too fast for the prevailing conditions or above the posted 4964: 2704:

Charles, Geoffrey (11 March 1969). "Cars And Drivers Accident prevention instead of blame".

6363: 6260: 6212: 5852: 4934:

World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals

4487: 4166: 4132: 3273:

An investigation of behavioral adaptation to airbags and antilock brakes among taxi drivers

2078:

Although some sources assert Mary Ward to be the first person killed by a motor vehicle, a

1958: 1177:

have become more common in recent years, perhaps due to the increased popularity of taller

1049: 802: 525: 220: 208: 200: 27: 4549:

In first half of 2020, traffic volumes fell but speeding and other risky behaviors were up

1300:

Other possibly hazardous factors that may alter a driver's soundness on the road include:

8: 6183: 6063: 4355: 2477: 2053: 2043: 2032: 2026: 1928: 1892: 1780: 1705: 1629: 1364: 1128:

started an intensive program of vehicle safety research, producing a number of prototype

1117: 935: 456: 389: 4738: 4491: 4136: 4123:

Lund, Adrian K.; Zador, Paul (March 1984). "Mandatory belt use and driver risk taking".

2551: 6281: 6245: 5391: 5364: 4511: 4300: 4144: 3280: 2449: 2267: 2240: 2207: 2180: 2083: 1791: 1723: 1712:

lawsuit against a company that designed or distributed a dangerous vehicle or car part.

1429: 1070: 686: 562: 476: 393: 246: 204: 165: 138: 5753: 5484: 3609: 2430: 2257: 2197: 1864:. Though English, John Salt was drawn to American landscapes of wrecked vehicles like 6230: 6220: 6173: 6072: 6068: 5627: 5396: 5343: 5054: 4941: 4859: 4809: 4658: 4503: 4499: 4451: 4304: 4292: 4093: 4009: 3877: 3869: 3823: 3812: 3663: 3613: 3251: 2933: 2296: 2272: 2212: 2148:"Crash Not Accident: Better Road-Safety Reporting Could Save Lives, Show Researchers" 2119: 2001: 1953: 1915: 1795: 1709: 1678: 1434: 1220: 1190: 1053: 1014: 864: 816: 638: 468: 451:

for holding back safety improvements, based on the idea that such terms perpetuate a

238: 142: 5775: 5548: 5307: 4515: 4031:"Getting Ahead: Returning Britain to European leadership in road casualty reduction" 1161:

publish road casualty statistics for each type of collision and vehicle through its

6188: 6178: 5827: 5480: 5386: 5376: 5046: 4866:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 15 December 2023. 4801: 4495: 4389: 4282: 4140: 3859: 3662:. Automobiles and Other Vehicles. Miamisburg, OH: LEXIS Publishing. p. § 720. 3605: 2604: 2262: 2252: 2202: 2192: 2048: 1911: 1899: 1822: 1637: 1174: 1137: 1028: 1024: 605: 412: 364:

Many organizations, companies and government agencies have begun to avoid the term

280:

uses the term "motor vehicle traffic collision" (MVTC). Other common terms include

277: 254: 5004: 3010:

Robertson, LS. Injury Epidemiology: Fourth Edition. Free online at www.nanlee.net.

237:

Traffic collisions can be classified by general types. Types of collision include

6168: 6083: 5282:"Self-driving Uber kills Arizona woman in first fatal crash involving pedestrian" 2898: 2113: 1948: 1861: 1737: 1633: 1344: 1132:

demonstrating various innovations for occupant and pedestrian protection such as

1125: 1094: 922: 898: 761: 727: 581:

reading and reacting to road conditions, weather, road signs, and the environment

399:

In 1997, George L. Reagle, the Associate Administrator for Motor Carriers of the

54: 4207:"Fahrunfalle: Dank ESP verunglucken Mercedes-Personenwagen seltener (in German)" 2408: 907:

Cell phone use is an increasingly significant problem on the roads and the U.S.

707:

The severity/lethality of a crash depends on the vehicle speed change at impact.

6255: 3384:

Accidentally, on Purpose: The Making of a Personal Injury Underworld in America

3082: 2921: 2079: 1988: 1853: 1406: 1351: 1182: 1074: 953: 834: 806: 786: 685:, Finland, on August 25, 2006, at around 13:00 local time. The incident caused 646: 578:

controlling a car including a good awareness of the car's size and capabilities

509: 250: 184: 149: 6047: 5971: 5776:"Consumers Claim Tires Are Defective, File Class-Action Suit Against Goodyear" 5523:"In crashes that kill pedestrians, the majority of drivers don't face charges" 5363:

Banstola, Amrit; Kigozi, Jesse; Barton, Pelham; Mytton, Julie (25 June 2020).

2530: 760:

A common cause of collisions is driving faster than one can stop within their

6378: 5050: 4805: 4097: 3873: 3667: 2629: 2011: 1883:

used newspaper pictures of car wrecks with dead occupants in a number of his

1632:

resulting in the death of a pedestrian occurred on 18 March 2018 in Arizona.

1556: 1253: 972: 962: 872: 630: 609: 173: 46: 6053: 4210: 3764:"Regulatory Impact and Small Business Analysis for Hours of Service Options" 2956: 2954: 2864: 1040:

Research has shown that, across all collision types, it is less likely that

673: 129:

recommending caution before using the term. Some collisions are intentional

5400: 5381: 5170: 5058: 4507: 4296: 3896:"Hard-Rock and Classic Music Could Lead to Road Accidents, New Survey Says" 3881: 3864: 3847: 3078:"Reading This While You Drive Could Increase Your Risk of Crashing Tenfold" 2937: 2379:"Statistics and Data – Road and Motor Vehicle Safety – Road Transportation" 2276: 2216: 1968: 1830: 1812: 1304: 1151: 884: 662: 650: 613: 550:

A 1985 report based on British and American crash data found driver error,

501: 260:

Many different terms are commonly used to describe vehicle collisions. The

134: 126: 102: 3617: 3027:. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. August 2021. p. 123 716:

More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of traffic calming.

574:

drivers reported that they thought the key elements of good driving were:

6235: 6163: 4287: 4270: 2951: 2473:"When a car 'crash' isn't an 'accident' — and why the difference matters" 1896: 1880: 1807: 1583: 1549:

died when she fell out of her cousins' steam car and was run over by it.

1313: 1239:

Motorcyclists and pillion-riders have little protection other than their

1112: 939: 731: 437: 233:

slammed on the side by another car. The left side is extensively damaged.

179: 153: 98: 59: 5995:"John Chamberlain, Who Wrested Rough Magic From Scrap Metal, Dies at 84" 5118:"Evaluation of the Iowa DOT's Safety Improvement Candidate List Process" 5031: 1574: 944: 713:

Most crashes related to speed involve speed too fast for the conditions.

447:

On the contrary, some have criticized the use of terminology other than

396:, other risky behavior, poor road design, or other preventable factors. 225: 5549:"The Effectiveness of Legal Sanctions in Dealing with Drinking Drivers" 2920:

Butler, Dennis J.; Moffic, H. Steven; Turkal, Nick W. (1 August 1999).

2357:"The 2009 Statistical Abstract: Motor Vehicle Accidents and Fatalities" 2292:

Global status report on road safety 2013: Supporting a decade of action

1943: 1334: 1330: 1205: 1194: 1144: 1104: 949: 820: 604:

Accompanying changes to road designs have been wide-scale adoptions of

492: 110: 90: 63: 5256:"Self-Driving Uber Car Kills Pedestrian in Arizona, Where Robots Roam" 4830:"Accident 'migration' after remedial treatment at accident blackspots" 3189:"Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Conference Proceedings" 6291: 6113: 4537:"Rate of Crash Deaths on U.S. Roads Rose During Coronavirus Pandemic" 3687:"Passenger Vehicle Occupant Fatalities by Day and Night – A Contrast" 2995:"Interactive Highway Safety Design Model: Accident Predictive Module" 2963:"COVID-19 Effect on Collisions on Interstates and Highways in the US" 2112:

Peden, Margie; Scurfield, Richard; Sleet, David; et al. (2004).

2006: 1938: 1857: 1841: 1567: 1319: 1141: 1041: 902: 621: 86: 4695:

Integrated Safe Driving Information System Development: Final report

2962: 2445:"It's No Accident: Advocates Want to Speak of Car 'Crashes' Instead" 1786:

Liability rules vary from state to state, with some laws adopting a

5938:"Wreckage in Art: A Driving Force in the Work of Jan Anders Nelson" 5578: 2922:"Post-traumatic Stress Reactions Following Motor Vehicle Accidents" 1996: 1529: 1108: 1078: 682: 6030: 4680:

The K53 Yard Test Made Easy: A Practical Guide for Learner Drivers

3275:(29 ed.). Accident Analysis and Prevention. pp. 293–302. 2813:"Police: Lansing man deliberately caused crash that injured woman" 584:

alertness, reading and anticipating the behavior of other drivers.

122: 6107: 5369:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

5149: 5099:"Motor Vehicle Collisions Most Frequent Cause of Severe Injuries" 3104: 2016: 1701: 1186: 1089: 981: 845: 654: 157: 83: 4580: 3397:"Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed and Speed Limits" 1910:

is a 1973 novel by English author J. G. Ballard about car-crash

1292:

which suggests the rate (incidents per vehicle-mile) increased.

1097:'s safety cage and reinforced roof pillars of 1946, Ford's 1956 726:

The Road and Traffic Authority (RTA) of the Australian state of

359: 148:

Several factors contribute to the risk of collisions, including

6042: 4741: page 6. 26 October 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2008. 3270: 2501:"Saving Lives and Protecting People from Injuries and Violence" 2152: 1600:

The percentage of the total state highway mileage that is rural

1391: 1264: 1260: 1133: 948:

A potential long fall stopped by an early guardrail, ca. 1920.

876: 697:

reviewed research on traffic speed in 1998. The summary says:

678: 424:

announced that "accident" would be removed from their lexicon.

106: 94: 4240:"U.S. to Require Anti-Rollover Technology on New Cars by 2012" 1326:

or other interior handling devices after a recent car purchase

1082: 1019: 496:

A man with visible facial scars resulting from a car collision

3845: 3766:. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Archived from 2633: 1609:

The percentage of state-administered highway that is surfaced

421: 125:

with many government departments and organizations, with the

114: 101:, or other moving or stationary obstruction, such as a tree, 6203: 5030:

Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL (March 2004).

4765:. page 2. 22 May 2003. Retrieved 9 July 2008. 3453: 1736:

Sometimes, people may make false insurance claims or commit

5029: 4530: 4528: 3848:"Asleep at the Wheel—The Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving" 1787: 1498: 500:

A number of physical injuries can commonly result from the

188: 5362: 3655: 2295:(in English and Russian). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 2013. 1740:

by staging collisions or jumping in front of moving cars.

1700:: a driver who causes a traffic collision may be sued for 4450:(in French). Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales. 4001: 3724: 3632:"Assured Clear Distance Ahead Law & Legal Definition" 1819: 1338: 1178: 1173:

Some crash types tend to have more serious consequences.

782:

Relative risk of collisions based on blood alcohol levels

598: 513: 5617: 4525: 4226:

Road accidents are rare with ESP Mercedes passenger cars

3968:

Road Safety Part 1: Alcohol, drugs, ageing & fatigue

3936:

Road Safety Part 1: Alcohol, drugs, ageing & fatigue

2992: 2111: 1005:

to make safe road design a national transport priority.

5674:"Do I have to pay if my liability limits are exceeded?" 4707:

Popular Mechanics – Mar 1959 – Page 94, Vol. 111, No. 3

3371:

The economics and politics of choice no-fault insurance

2835:"The Facts: Vehicular Homicide and the Impaired Driver" 2526:

Hot Fuzz clip: Accident Implies There's Nobody To Blame

1121:

accused motor manufacturers of indifference to safety.

620:

situations than other road users. This is reflected by

203:

have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.

4852: 3589: 3434:

NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)

4959: 4957: 3595: 2751:"24 face fraud charges in Las Vegas car crash scheme" 2574: 2572: 830:

was observed well before the advent of mobile phones.

6020: 5754:"Tesla's Access to Car Data: A New Tool in Disputes" 5699:"Brief Explanation of Michigan's No-Fault Insurance" 5182:

The first known account of this crash dates to 1801.

4071:

Trends in Fatal Car Accidents: Analysis of CCIS Data

3706:"AAA Tests Shine High-Beam on Headlight Limitations" 3332: 3203:

Most at risk are young males between 17 and 25 years

2776:"Staged Collisions: Separating Accidents from Fraud" 16:

Incident when a vehicle collides with another object

5500:"Can't Pay Your Fines? Your License Could Be Taken" 5365:"Economic Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Nepal" 5032:"Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000" 4988:

Nearly 300 Indians die daily on roads, shows report

3678: 3402:. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from 1848:

by Jan A. Nelson (graphite on Strathmore rag, 1974)

199:have decreasing death rates, while the majority of 4954: 4477: 4351:"The hidden inequality of who dies in car crashes" 3811: 3708:. NewsRoom.AAA.com. AAA Automotive Research Center 2919: 2569: 1603:The percent increase in motor vehicle registration 1468:traffic collisions, a number unchanged from 2004. 26:"Fender Bender" redirects here. For the film, see 4874: 4776:"Road Traffic Deaths Index 2009 Country Rankings" 3541:. NSW Roads and Traffic Authority. Archived from 3515:. NSW Roads and Traffic Authority. Archived from 3486:. NSW Roads and Traffic Authority. Archived from 2988: 2986: 2984: 2891:"The Shocking Truth about Road Trauma – Key text" 1388:World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims 1008: 444:recommends using "crash" rather than "accident". 207:have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 6376: 5608:, updated 10 February 2022, accessed 2 June 2022 5451:(APRA) Australia Prudential Regulatory Authority 4965:"World report on road traffic injury prevention" 3939:(Research summary, TRL Report 543 ed.). UK 2335:"World report on road traffic injury prevention" 1350:Traffic safety culture, a variety of aspects of 658:road casualties and lower levels of congestion. 105:or building. Traffic collisions often result in 19:"Car crash" redirects here. For other uses, see 5803:"Have an exploding airbag? You might get $ 500" 4068: 3684: 3531: 3507: 3505: 1974:List of countries by traffic-related death rate 1803:Full tort and limited tort automobile insurance 1048:is controversial, with notable critics such as 749: 629:conditions are too complicated for the limited 5620:World report on road traffic injury prevention 5339:World report on road traffic injury prevention 5230:"When Cities Made Monuments to Traffic Deaths" 5195: 5078:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 4617:. French Ministry of Interior. 29 January 2021 4586: 4554: 4447:L'enracinement social de la mortalité routière 4416:"Des accidents de la route pas si accidentels" 4320:Road Casualties in Great Britain, Main Results 4087: 3697: 3685:Varghese, Cherian; Shankar, Umesh (May 2007). 2981: 2115:World report on road traffic injury prevention 1515:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 556:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 409:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 6346:List of people who died in traffic collisions 6129: 5547:Nichols, James L.; Ross, H. Laurence (1991). 5173:– International Transport Statistics Database 4183:. UK Department for Transport. Archived from 3570:. UK Department for Transport. Archived from 2897:. Austrian Academy of Science. Archived from 2888: 2630:"Why INRIX Now Uses "Crash" (Not "Accident")" 2059:Work-related road safety in the United States 1877:looks at the energy released during a crash. 1683:Hit and run § Country-specific penalties 344:) as well as more unofficial terms including 268:, while the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term 5416:"UK Car Insurance Company Statistical Value" 4269:Vasan, S.S.; Gururaj, G. (22 October 2021). 4268: 4022: 3502: 3285:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2283: 2239:Murray, Christopher J L (17 December 2014). 1718:: More severe driving misconduct, including 653:principles, rooted in the principles of the 6108:U.S. DOT Fatality Analysis Reporting System 5546: 5074:"Overview of Motor Vehicle Crashes in 2019" 4795: 4181:"Annual transport accidents and casualties" 4069:Broughton, J.; Walter, L. (February 2007). 3216:"forecasting older driver's accident rates" 2556:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 1271: 401:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 6136: 6122: 5575:"Why Russians Are Obsessed With Dash-Cams" 5313:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4443: 4413: 4323:(Transport Statistics Bulletin ed.). 3369:Lascher, Edward L. and Michael R. Powers. 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3194:. Driving Standards Agency. Archived from 2993:Harry Lum; Jerry A. Reagan (Winter 1995). 2839:United States Department of Transportation 2728:"The Brutal Truth About Car Crash Suicide" 2022:Transportation safety in the United States 1852:Cars have come to represent a part of the 1655:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1476:in the United States. In 2019, there were 1414:Sustainable Development Goal 3, target 3.6 1073:schemes include tests for some aspects of 5572: 5390: 5380: 5023: 4880: 4286: 4122: 4064: 4062: 3863: 3389: 3075: 3006: 3004: 2329: 2327: 2266: 2256: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2206: 2196: 1891:used components of wrecked cars (such as 1708:. Other times, injured people can file a 739:official British road casualty statistics 58:The aftermath of an accident involving a 5447:"Quarterly General Insurance Statistics" 5413: 5115: 4382:"The Geography of Car Deaths in America" 4271:"Unhelmeted two-wheeler riders in India" 3975:Road Safety Report No. 24 ed.). UK 3703: 3484:"Problem definition and countermeasures" 3271:Sagberg, Fosser, & Saetermo (1997). 3118: 3116: 3114: 3076:St. Fleur, Nicholas (24 February 2016). 2105: 1840: 1573: 1561: 1528: 1458: 1450: 1447:Epidemiology of motor vehicle collisions 1018: 971: 943: 785: 777: 693:The U.S. Department of Transportation's 672: 491: 224: 178: 53: 45: 5992: 5800: 5597: 5595: 5497: 5171:International Road Assistance Programme 4927: 4925: 4677: 4635: 4611:"Chiffres de sécurité routière en 2020" 4534: 3809: 3302:"The efficacy of seat belt legislation" 3245: 3230: 2703: 2697: 2605:"2021 RESOLUTUION: CRASH, NOT ACCIDENT" 1247: 976:Electric scooter crash in New York City 6377: 6143: 5751: 5671: 5470: 5335: 5227: 4893:from the original on 14 December 2023. 4237: 4059: 3995: 3649: 3001: 2960: 2810: 2748: 2324: 2238: 2223: 1643: 1612:The average yearly minimum temperature 1606:The extent of motor vehicle inspection 1541:allegedly crashed into a wall in 1771. 1423: 1386:resolution and debate was in 2003 The 1354:could impact on the number of crashes. 895:operating a mobile phone while driving 737:The contributory factor report in the 668: 6117: 5727:"Ford Settles Explorer Rollover Suit" 5520: 5342:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 5221: 5071: 4881:Leonhardt, David (11 December 2023). 4650: 4589:"Car-Crash Death Rate Surged in 2020" 4587:Craven McGinty, Jo (8 January 2021). 4275:The National Medical Journal of India 4250:from the original on 26 December 2007 3841: 3839: 3756: 3565:"Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006" 3454:Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (2019). 3427: 3299: 3208: 3180: 3111: 2725: 2659:Maryland Department of Transportation 2584:Michigan Department of Transportation 2118:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1672: 637:This phenomenon has been observed in 433:Michigan Department of Transportation 429:Maryland Department of Transportation 5592: 5498:Shapiro, Joseph (29 December 2014). 5444: 4997: 4922: 4692: 4568:. National Safety Council. July 2021 4002:Ray Fuller; Jorge A. Santos (2002). 3959: 3927: 3333:Ben Hamilton-Baillie (Autumn 2005). 3186: 2749:Crosby, Rachel (18 September 2017). 2145: 767: 563:Drivers distracted by mobile devices 160:, road environment, driving skills, 5993:Kennedy, Randy (21 December 2011). 5752:Barash, Martina (12 October 2017). 4940:. World Health Organization. 2018. 4638:A Clinical Guide to Pediatric Sleep 4414:Grossetete, Mathieu (August 2016). 4088:David Bjerklie (30 November 2006). 4005:Human Factors for Highway Engineers 3097: 2680:"Why we say "crash" not "accident"" 2178: 524:Following collisions, long-lasting 368:, instead preferring terms such as 360:Criticism of "accident" terminology 13: 5970:. 20 November 2008. Archived from 5672:Gusner, Penny (23 February 2012). 5573:Galperina, Marina (13 June 2012). 4562:"Preliminary Semiannual Estimates" 4231: 4145:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1984.tb00130.x 3836: 3814:Drive Right for Safety and Savings 3598:Accident Analysis & Prevention 3307:. SAE Transactions. Archived from 3248:Road Accidents: Prevent or Punish? 2160:from the original on 13 April 2023 2146:Reid, Carlton (17 November 2019). 1511:Fatality Analysis Reporting System 1474:leading preventable cause of death 394:distractions such as mobile phones 162:impairment due to alcohol or drugs 50:A traffic collision in Japan, 2007 14: 6401: 6016: 5005:"UN raises child accidents alarm" 4870:from the original on 6 July 2023. 4535:Calvert, Scott (1 October 2020). 4238:Thomas, Ken (15 September 2006). 4090:"The Hidden Danger of Seat Belts" 3513:"The biggest killer on our roads" 3430:"Traffic Safety Facts – Speeding" 2726:Allen, Samantha (15 March 2016). 2684:Portland Bureau of Transportation 1887:series of silkscreened canvases. 1743: 1648: 1376: 482: 442:Portland Bureau of Transportation 123:increasingly falling out of favor 6202: 6194:Traffic collision reconstruction 5986: 5964:"Andy Warhol Death And Disaster" 5956: 5930: 5900: 5870: 5845: 5820: 5794: 5768: 5745: 5719: 5691: 5665: 5640: 5611: 5566: 5540: 5514: 5491: 5464: 5438: 5407: 5356: 5329: 5320: 5300: 5274: 5248: 5176: 5164: 5142: 5109: 5091: 5065: 4980: 4905:"Death rate from road accidents" 4897: 4836:. 12 August 2020. Archived from 4500:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01423.x 4159:"Safety First: the SSV/SRV cars" 4028: 3923:. National Safety Council. 2012. 3656:Lawyers Cooperative Publishing. 3107:. Drivers.com. 11 February 2000. 3105:"I'm a good driver: you're not!" 2889:Academy staff (September 2004). 2529:, 9 October 2014, archived from 2072: 2039:Traffic collision reconstruction 1769: 1489:prioritize safety improvements. 1107:'s introduction of standard fit 541: 519: 33:. For the Roseanne episode, see 5801:Wattles, Jackie (21 May 2017). 5652:Insurance Information Institute 5414:Robottom, Adam (26 July 2021). 4822: 4789: 4768: 4751:United Nations General Assembly 4744: 4727:United Nations General Assembly 4720: 4710: 4701: 4686: 4671: 4644: 4629: 4603: 4471: 4437: 4407: 4374: 4343: 4311: 4262: 4209:. Mercedes-Benz. Archived from 4199: 4173: 4151: 4116: 4081: 3910: 3888: 3803: 3782: 3704:McKernan, Megan (13 May 2015). 3624: 3557: 3476: 3447: 3421: 3386:. Palgrave Macmillan, 1998, p.3 3376: 3363: 3326: 3293: 3264: 3150: 3069: 3039: 3013: 2913: 2882: 2857: 2827: 2804: 2768: 2742: 2719: 2672: 2647: 2622: 2609:American Automobile Association 2597: 2544: 2517: 2493: 2465: 2437: 2423: 1440: 1384:United Nations General Assembly 916: 418:American Automobile Association 6341:List of level crossing crashes 5228:Norton, Peter (10 June 2022). 5116:Hallmark, Shauna (June 2002). 4325:Office for National Statistics 2785:. 7 April 2014. Archived from 2783:Insurance Institute of Ireland 2712:Accidents and their prevention 2393: 2371: 2349: 2172: 2139: 1964:Global road safety for workers 1827:sudden unintended acceleration 1566:Truck collision with house in 1483: 1401:, a specialized agency of the 1009:Vehicle design and maintenance 929: 695:Federal Highway Administration 405:Federal Highway Administration 214: 1: 5485:10.1016/S0022-4375(96)00040-0 4165:. Keith Adams. Archived from 4075:Transport Research Laboratory 4038:Campaign for Safe Road Design 3979:. Spring 2003. Archived from 3973:Transport Research Laboratory 3943:. Spring 2003. Archived from 3610:10.1016/S0001-4575(97)00067-5 2730:. The Daily Beast Company LLC 2258:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 2198:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4 2098: 1578:A traffic collision from 1952 1358: 1223:and enhanced suspension with 1163:Road Casualties Great Britain 1103:safety package, and Saab and 999:Campaign for Safe Road Design 6359:Template:Automotive handling 6277:Assured clear distance ahead 5502:. NPR. All Things Considered 5308:"CDC – Motor Vehicle Safety" 4860:"OECD Data / Road Accidents" 4657:. Xulon Press. p. 127. 4444:Grossetete, Mathieu (2010). 3463:Michigan Traffic Crash Facts 2552:"A Crash is Not an Accident" 2179:Vos, Theo (22 August 2015). 1934:Assured Clear Distance Ahead 1902:) in his welded sculptures. 1130:experimental safety vehicles 756:Assured clear distance ahead 750:Assured clear distance ahead 510:non-traumatic cardiac arrest 127:Associated Press style guide 7: 6302:Lists of traffic collisions 6287:Driving under the influence 5648:"What is diminished value?" 5521:Roper, Eric (22 May 2016). 3818:. Scott, Foresman. p. 3732:"www.infrastructure.gov.au" 3021:"Traffic Safety Facts 2019" 2811:Palmer, Ken (6 July 2017). 2710:Quoting from JJ Leeming in 1979:Lists of traffic collisions 1921: 1748:In the United Kingdom, the 1504: 1403:United Nations Organization 774:Driving under the influence 661:Some crashes are intended; 487: 386:driving under the influence 380:. This is because the term 10: 6406: 6241:Multiple-vehicle collision 5857:www.janandersnelsonart.com 5556:Journal of Safety Research 5473:Journal of Safety Research 4073:. Project Report PPR 172. 2895:NOVA – Science in the News 1984:Multiple-vehicle collision 1800: 1676: 1524: 1444: 1369:Collision avoidance system 1362: 1012: 1001:, which is calling on the 933: 771: 753: 218: 25: 21:Car crash (disambiguation) 18: 6354: 6328: 6300: 6269: 6211: 6200: 6151: 6103:NHTSA Accident Statistics 6098:WHO road traffic injuries 6024: 5624:World Health Organization 4973:World Health Organization 4763:Global road safety crisis 4539:. Dow Jones & Company 4214:(Graph of accident share) 2926:American Family Physician 2655:"Crashes Are No Accident" 1752:, otherwise known as the 1399:World Health Organization 1318:Unfamiliarity with one's 532: 462: 310:personal injury collision 262:World Health Organization 5051:10.1001/jama.291.10.1238 3977:Department for Transport 3941:Department for Transport 3456:"Fact Sheets – Speeding" 3220:Department for Transport 2997:. Public Roads Magazine. 2755:Las Vegas Review-Journal 2065: 1916:film by David Cronenberg 1777:most U.S. states require 1731: 1295: 1272:COVID-19 lockdown impact 1229:anti-lock braking system 1214:anti-lock braking system 1159:Department for Transport 1085:conformance inspection. 164:, and behavior, notably 6336:List of bridge failures 6226:Deer–vehicle collisions 5072:NHTSA (December 2020). 4678:Visagie, Brian (2014). 4008:. Emerald. p. 15. 3790:"Road Safety in Canada" 3187:Thew, Rosemary (2006). 2865:"Transportation Safety" 2815:. Lansing State Journal 1630:autonomous car incident 1570:, United Kingdom (1914) 1282:National Safety Council 909:National Safety Council 302:motor vehicle collision 270:motor vehicle accidents 205:Middle-income countries 131:vehicle-ramming attacks 76:motor vehicle collision 6251:Run-off-road collision 5912:www.saatchigallery.com 5908:"Accident Nº 6 detail" 5882:www.saatchigallery.com 5878:"Accident Nº 6 detail" 5382:10.3390/ijerph17124571 5336:Margie, Peden (2004). 5185:"Le fardier de Cugnot" 4654:William Divot Mulligan 4651:Bryan, Carson (2008). 4636:Mindell, Jodi (2010). 4327:. 2005. Archived from 3659:New York Jurisprudence 3246:Leeming, J.J. (1969). 1849: 1836: 1763: 1663:gross national product 1640:being tested by Uber. 1622: 1579: 1571: 1542: 1464: 1456: 1189:, which have a higher 1032: 977: 957: 881:muscarinic antagonists 869:over-the-counter drugs 791: 783: 690: 595: 497: 473:vehicle-ramming attack 330:road traffic collision 234: 191: 183:A collision between a 168:, distracted driving, 152:, speed of operation, 89:with another vehicle, 67: 51: 5203:"Mary Ward 1827–1869" 4834:trafficresearch.co.uk 4753: Session 57 4729: Session 60 4420:Le Monde diplomatique 3201:on 16 February 2008. 2967:nationalacadamies.org 1914:that was made into a 1844: 1801:Further information: 1758: 1615:The income per capita 1592: 1577: 1565: 1539:Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot 1532: 1462: 1454: 1418:Stockholm Declaration 1199:Mercedes-Benz A-Class 1022: 975: 947: 809:before the collision. 789: 781: 772:Further information: 676: 590: 495: 338:road traffic incident 322:road traffic accident 228: 197:high-income countries 182: 57: 49: 6364:Template:Traffic law 6261:Single-vehicle crash 5853:"American Landscape" 5191:on 26 February 2011. 5152:. Fars.nhtsa.dot.gov 5130:on 24 September 2015 5105:on 26 November 2006. 4806:10.1061/41064(358)94 4693:Katz, Diane (1979). 4288:10.25259/NMJI_455_18 4047:on 22 September 2013 3865:10.1093/sleep/zsx001 3428:NHTSA (April 2020). 3300:Adams, John (1982). 2961:Pishue, Bob (2020). 2580:"Crash Not Accident" 2389:on 19 November 2013. 2367:on 25 December 2007. 1959:Forensic engineering 1790:system and others a 1716:Criminal prosecution 1412:The United Nations' 1248:Sociological factors 1124:In the early 1970s, 1050:Professor John Adams 803:Government of Canada 526:psychological trauma 221:Road collision types 201:low-income countries 6184:Vehicle extrication 5918:on 16 February 2016 5888:on 16 February 2016 5780:Wall Street Journal 5602:Ministry of Justice 4492:2010RiskA..30.1411F 4356:The Washington Post 4216:on 16 February 2008 4187:on 16 December 2007 4137:1984RiskA...4...41L 4104:on 10 December 2006 3971:(Research summary, 3810:Kaywood, A (1982). 3545:on 21 November 2002 3539:"Speeding research" 3519:on 21 November 2002 3490:on 21 November 2002 3226:on 6 February 2007. 3138:on 16 February 2008 3057:on 25 February 2021 2478:The Washington Post 2401:"Current Incidents" 2345:on 6 February 2014. 2044:Vehicle extrication 2033:Unsafe at Any Speed 2027:Underride collision 1929:Accident management 1781:liability insurance 1706:vicarious liability 1644:Society and culture 1424:Collision migration 1365:Road traffic safety 1259:Similar studies in 1118:Unsafe at Any Speed 1077:, such as the UK's 936:Highway engineering 821:physical impairment 812:Physical impairment 669:Motor vehicle speed 266:road traffic injury 6385:Traffic collisions 6282:Distracted driving 6246:Rear-end collision 6145:Traffic collisions 5999:The New York Times 5974:on 30 October 2021 5782:. 24 November 2000 5733:. 28 November 2007 5426:on 28 January 2022 5260:The New York Times 5209:on 1 February 2010 5011:. 10 December 2008 4887:The New York Times 4169:on 8 October 2007. 3983:on 2 February 2010 3947:on 29 January 2007 3162:Galway Independent 2792:on 4 December 2017 2533:on 30 October 2021 2450:The New York Times 2411:on 13 January 2022 2361:U.S. Census Bureau 2088:Russell's carriage 2084:John Scott Russell 1992:, English case law 1870:American Landscape 1850: 1846:American Landscape 1796:insurance carriers 1792:no-fault insurance 1724:vehicular homicide 1673:Legal consequences 1628:The world's first 1580: 1572: 1543: 1513:(FARS) run by the 1465: 1457: 1430:accident blackspot 1202:notoriously failed 1071:vehicle inspection 1033: 1027:was involved in a 978: 958: 865:prescription drugs 792: 784: 691: 687:traffic congestion 612:. Some countries' 502:blunt force trauma 498: 477:vehicular homicide 235: 192: 166:aggressive driving 139:vehicular homicide 74:, also known as a 68: 52: 6372: 6371: 6231:Head-on collision 6221:Back-up collision 6174:Roadside memorial 6093: 6092: 4994:. 17 August 2009. 4992:Business Standard 4909:Our World in Data 4615:interieur.gouv.fr 4392:. 15 October 2015 4244:Insurance Journal 3744:on 26 August 2021 3342:Countryside Voice 3257:978-0-304-93213-9 3051:www.vtnews.vt.edu 2901:on 6 January 2013 2302:978-92-4-156456-4 2191:(9995): 743–800. 2002:Roadside memorial 1954:Defensive driving 1779:drivers to carry 1710:product liability 1692:Traffic citations 1679:Vehicle insurance 1435:risk compensation 1225:stability control 1221:center of gravity 1210:stability control 1191:center of gravity 1169:Center of gravity 1054:risk compensation 1015:Automobile safety 851:Sleep deprivation 801:According to the 768:Driver impairment 639:risk compensation 606:rules of the road 469:vehicular suicide 440:commitments, the 143:vehicular suicide 72:traffic collision 6397: 6206: 6189:Vehicle recovery 6138: 6131: 6124: 6115: 6114: 6022: 6021: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6005: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5914:. Archived from 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5884:. Archived from 5874: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5832:es.pinterest.com 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5703: 5695: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5615: 5609: 5599: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5553: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5445:Wanworth, Mark. 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5422:. Archived from 5411: 5405: 5404: 5394: 5384: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5236:. Bloomberg News 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5187:. Archived from 5180: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5122: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5101:. Archived from 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5036: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5001: 4995: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4969: 4961: 4952: 4951: 4939: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4772: 4766: 4748: 4742: 4724: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4532: 4523: 4522: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4428: 4426: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4397: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4364: 4359:. 1 October 2015 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4290: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4221: 4215: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4100:. Archived from 4085: 4079: 4078: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4046: 4040:. Archived from 4035: 4026: 4020: 4019: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3867: 3843: 3834: 3833: 3817: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3797:Transport Canada 3794: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3743: 3737:. Archived from 3736: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3715: 3713: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3639: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3577:on 13 April 2008 3576: 3569: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3408: 3401: 3393: 3387: 3382:Dornstein, Ken. 3380: 3374: 3373:. Springer, 2001 3367: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3351:on 13 April 2008 3350: 3344:. Archived from 3339: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3313: 3306: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3284: 3276: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3243: 3228: 3227: 3222:. Archived from 3212: 3206: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3164:. Archived from 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3137: 3130: 3120: 3109: 3108: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3053:. Archived from 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3017: 3011: 3008: 2999: 2998: 2990: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2969:. INRIX Research 2958: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2845:on 28 April 2009 2841:. 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Archived from 2287: 2281: 2280: 2270: 2260: 2251:(9963): 117–71. 2236: 2221: 2220: 2210: 2200: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2109: 2092: 2076: 2049:Warning triangle 1912:sexual fetishism 1889:John Chamberlain 1720:impaired driving 1638:self-driving car 1535:fardier à vapeur 1138:anti-lock brakes 1025:Chevrolet Malibu 996: 995: 991: 453:culture of blame 413:Associated Press 278:Transport Canada 82:, occurs when a 6405: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6390:Causes of death 6375: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6350: 6324: 6296: 6265: 6213:Road collisions 6207: 6198: 6169:Park-to-reverse 6147: 6142: 6094: 6089: 6088: 6033: 6019: 6014: 6013: 6003: 6001: 5991: 5987: 5977: 5975: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5906: 5905: 5901: 5891: 5889: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5756:. Bloomberg BNA 5750: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5692: 5682: 5680: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5616: 5612: 5600: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5571: 5567: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5496: 5492: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5412: 5408: 5361: 5357: 5350: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5321: 5316:. 24 June 2021. 5306: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5288:. 19 March 2018 5280: 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5262:. 19 March 2018 5254: 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5226: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5070: 5066: 5045:(10): 1238–45. 5034: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4985: 4981: 4967: 4963: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4879: 4875: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4755:Verbatim Report 4749: 4745: 4731:Verbatim Report 4725: 4721: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4702: 4691: 4687: 4676: 4672: 4665: 4649: 4645: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4591:. Dow Jones Inc 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4542: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4442: 4438: 4424: 4422: 4412: 4408: 4395: 4393: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4362: 4360: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4331:on 17 July 2007 4317: 4316: 4312: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4236: 4232: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4086: 4082: 4067: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3808: 3804: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3770:on 19 June 2013 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3711: 3709: 3702: 3698: 3683: 3679: 3654: 3650: 3637: 3635: 3634:. US Legal, Inc 3630: 3629: 3625: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3458: 3452: 3448: 3438: 3436: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3381: 3377: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3337: 3335:"Streets ahead" 3331: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3314:on 23 June 2006 3311: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3278: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3244: 3231: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3198: 3191: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2991: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2959: 2952: 2942: 2940: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2724: 2720: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2536: 2534: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2355: 2354: 2350: 2333: 2332: 2325: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2237: 2224: 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2144: 2140: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2063: 1949:Crashworthiness 1924: 1839: 1805: 1772: 1746: 1738:insurance fraud 1734: 1685: 1675: 1651: 1646: 1618: 1527: 1507: 1486: 1449: 1443: 1426: 1379: 1371: 1361: 1345:People-watching 1298: 1274: 1250: 1183:people carriers 1152:stronger bodies 1126:British Leyland 1017: 1011: 993: 989: 988: 954:median barriers 942: 934:Main articles: 932: 919: 899:classical music 863:Including some 833:have enacted a 776: 770: 762:field of vision 758: 752: 728:New South Wales 671: 544: 535: 522: 512:and death. The 490: 485: 465: 390:excessive speed 362: 251:side collisions 223: 217: 42: 35:Fender Bender ( 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6403: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6306: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6258: 6256:Side collision 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6217: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6141: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6105: 6100: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6075: 6056: 6034: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6025:Classification 6018: 6017:External links 6015: 6012: 6011: 5985: 5955: 5929: 5899: 5869: 5844: 5828:"Desert Wreck" 5819: 5793: 5767: 5744: 5718: 5690: 5664: 5639: 5632: 5626:. p. 44. 5610: 5591: 5565: 5539: 5513: 5490: 5463: 5437: 5420:CarCrashProfit 5406: 5355: 5348: 5328: 5319: 5299: 5273: 5247: 5220: 5194: 5175: 5163: 5141: 5108: 5090: 5064: 5022: 4996: 4979: 4953: 4946: 4921: 4896: 4873: 4851: 4821: 4814: 4788: 4767: 4743: 4719: 4709: 4700: 4685: 4670: 4663: 4643: 4640:. p. 259. 4628: 4602: 4579: 4553: 4524: 4486:(9): 1411–23. 4470: 4456: 4436: 4406: 4373: 4342: 4310: 4281:(3): 171–172. 4261: 4230: 4198: 4172: 4150: 4115: 4080: 4058: 4029:Hill, Joanne. 4021: 4015:978-0080434124 4014: 3994: 3958: 3926: 3909: 3898:. Infoniac.com 3887: 3835: 3828: 3802: 3781: 3755: 3723: 3696: 3677: 3648: 3623: 3588: 3556: 3530: 3501: 3475: 3446: 3420: 3409:on 28 May 2010 3388: 3375: 3362: 3325: 3292: 3263: 3256: 3229: 3207: 3179: 3168:on 10 May 2009 3149: 3110: 3096: 3083:New York Times 3068: 3038: 3012: 3000: 2980: 2950: 2932:(2): 524–530. 2912: 2881: 2856: 2826: 2803: 2767: 2741: 2718: 2696: 2671: 2646: 2621: 2596: 2568: 2543: 2516: 2492: 2464: 2436: 2422: 2392: 2370: 2348: 2323: 2301: 2282: 2222: 2171: 2138: 2124: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2080:steam carriage 2070: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1990:Powell v Moody 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1854:American Dream 1838: 1835: 1771: 1768: 1745: 1744:United Kingdom 1742: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1713: 1698:Civil lawsuits 1695: 1674: 1671: 1650: 1649:Economic costs 1647: 1645: 1642: 1634:The pedestrian 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1526: 1523: 1506: 1503: 1485: 1482: 1445:Main article: 1442: 1439: 1425: 1422: 1407:cause of death 1378: 1377:United Nations 1375: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1352:safety culture 1348: 1342: 1337:design, dense 1327: 1324:center console 1316: 1310: 1307: 1297: 1294: 1273: 1270: 1249: 1246: 1237: 1236: 1227:linked to its 1171: 1170: 1088:The design of 1075:roadworthiness 1066: 1065: 1038: 1037: 1013:Main article: 1010: 1007: 931: 928: 918: 915: 914: 913: 891: 888: 873:antihistamines 861: 853: 852: 849: 843: 840: 835:zero-tolerance 827: 824: 813: 810: 799: 769: 766: 754:Main article: 751: 748: 718: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 670: 667: 663:staged crashes 647:Hans Monderman 645:In the 1990s, 586: 585: 582: 579: 543: 540: 534: 531: 521: 518: 489: 486: 484: 483:Health effects 481: 464: 461: 361: 358: 264:uses the term 243:road departure 216: 213: 185:Renault Kangoo 150:vehicle design 135:staged crashes 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6402: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329:Related lists 6327: 6321: 6320:By death toll 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6205: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6139: 6134: 6132: 6127: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6027: 6023: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5944:. 23 May 2016 5943: 5939: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5873: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5755: 5748: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5707: 5700: 5694: 5679: 5675: 5668: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5635: 5633:92-4-156260-9 5629: 5625: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5603: 5598: 5596: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5550: 5543: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5501: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5467: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5359: 5351: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5332: 5323: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5235: 5234:Bloomberg.com 5231: 5224: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5172: 5167: 5151: 5145: 5126: 5119: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5079: 5075: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4975: 4974: 4966: 4960: 4958: 4949: 4947:9789241565585 4943: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4864:data.OECD.org 4861: 4855: 4840:on 9 May 2021 4839: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4815:9780784410646 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4777: 4771: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4713: 4704: 4697:. p. 27. 4696: 4689: 4682:. p. 48. 4681: 4674: 4666: 4664:9781606474723 4660: 4656: 4655: 4647: 4639: 4632: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4590: 4583: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4550: 4538: 4531: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4459: 4457:9782021030297 4453: 4449: 4448: 4440: 4433: 4421: 4418:(in French). 4417: 4410: 4403: 4391: 4387: 4386:Bloomberg.com 4383: 4377: 4370: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4346: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4125:Risk Analysis 4119: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4063: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4025: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4006: 3998: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3962: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3930: 3919: 3913: 3897: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3840: 3831: 3829:9780673100863 3825: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3806: 3799:. p. 17. 3798: 3791: 3785: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3740: 3733: 3727: 3720: 3707: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3652: 3645: 3633: 3627: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3573: 3566: 3560: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3506: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3464: 3457: 3450: 3435: 3431: 3424: 3405: 3398: 3392: 3385: 3379: 3372: 3366: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3288: 3282: 3274: 3267: 3259: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3134: 3127: 3126: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3100: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3072: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3007: 3005: 2996: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2955: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2814: 2807: 2788: 2784: 2777: 2771: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2729: 2722: 2715: 2713: 2707: 2700: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2573: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2520: 2502: 2496: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2468: 2453:. 22 May 2016 2452: 2451: 2446: 2440: 2432: 2431:"M1 Motorway" 2426: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2328: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2175: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2142: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2071: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2012:Solomon curve 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1895:and crumpled 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1875:Accident Nº 6 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1770:United States 1767: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1588:drunk-driving 1585: 1576: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1557:J. J. Leeming 1555: 1554:road engineer 1550: 1548: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1522: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1494: 1490: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1461: 1453: 1448: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1278: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1254:United States 1245: 1242: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1212:linked to an 1211: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1115:'s 1965 book 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046:Seat belt use 1043: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1006: 1004: 1003:UK Government 1000: 985: 983: 974: 970: 966: 964: 963:human factors 955: 951: 946: 941: 937: 927: 924: 912: 910: 904: 900: 896: 892: 889: 886: 885:illegal drugs 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 859: 858: 857: 850: 847: 844: 841: 839: 836: 828: 825: 822: 818: 814: 811: 808: 804: 800: 797: 796: 795: 788: 780: 775: 765: 763: 757: 747: 743: 740: 735: 733: 729: 724: 721: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 699: 698: 696: 688: 684: 680: 675: 666: 664: 659: 656: 652: 648: 643: 640: 635: 632: 631:human machine 626: 623: 617: 615: 614:driving tests 611: 610:speed cameras 607: 602: 600: 594: 589: 583: 580: 577: 576: 575: 572: 567: 564: 560: 557: 553: 548: 542:Human factors 539: 530: 527: 520:Psychological 517: 515: 511: 507: 503: 494: 480: 478: 474: 470: 460: 458: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 357: 355: 354:fender bender 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 318:road accident 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 282:auto accident 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 232: 227: 222: 212: 210: 206: 202: 198: 190: 186: 181: 177: 175: 174:street racing 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 146: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 85: 81: 77: 73: 65: 61: 56: 48: 44: 40: 38: 32: 30: 29:Fender Bender 22: 6315:2000–present 6159:Epidemiology 6144: 6077: 6058: 6050: 6037: 6002:. 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