Sustainable Development Goals

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national definition. By 2030, all men and women in particular the poor and the vulnerable have equal right to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resource, appropriate new technology and financial services including microfinance. High fertility rates can trap countries in poverty large family size and poverty often go hand in hand. People living in deprived areas are usually not empowered to choose the number of children they have and in some cases feel the need to have many so they can be provided for in their old age, when people are poor and have many children which leads to kids not being able to attend school and girls getting married off as child bride.

802: 2076: 1904: 2108: 327: 9298: 2717: 414: 3000: 11082: 43: 1882: 1755: 2044: 10898: 3209: 3195: 2977:. The forecast results for 2030 show that "OECD countries" (80) (with a 2.8% change) and "Eastern Europe and Central Asia" (74) (with a 2.37% change) are expected to achieve the highest SDG scores. "Latin America and the Caribbean" (73) (with a 4.17% change), "East and South Asia" (69) (with a 2.64% change), "Middle East and North Africa" (68) (with a 2.32% change), and "Sub-Saharan Africa" (56) (with a 7.2% change) will display lower levels of SDG achievement, respectively. 1839: 3181: 12143: 1890: 1432: 2840: 12155: 2036: 1770: 4545: 4147: 3669: 3518: 1738: 2161:, primarily in developing countries. These six goals address key issues in Global Public Health, Poverty, Hunger and Food security, Health, Education, Gender equality and women's empowerment, as well as water and sanitation. Public health officials can use these goals to set their own agenda and plan for smaller scale initiatives for their organizations. 9995: 622:

ensure that disadvantaged students do not miss out (data is collected on "female/male, rural/urban, bottom/towealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples") . There is also an indicator around the facilities that the school buildings have (access to electricity, the internet, computers, drinking water, toilets etc.).

1403:(UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change. 2960:

The SDGs do not specifically address the tensions between economic growth and environmental sustainability. Instead, they emphasize "longstanding but dubious claims about decoupling and resource efficiency as technological solutions to the environmental crisis." For example, continued global economic

2737:. The publication has global coverage and tracks whether the world is making progress towards the SDGs. It aims to make the data on the 17 goals available and understandable to a wide audience. The SDG-Tracker highlights that the world is currently (early 2019) very far away from achieving the goals. 2665:

asserted in 2017 that "The key to financing and achieving the SDGs lies in mobilizing a greater share of the $ 200+ trillion in annual private capital investment flows toward development efforts, and philanthropy has a critical role to play in catalyzing this shift." Large-scale funders participating

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In 2022, the last book in series of books analysed the political impacts of the SDGs. It reviewed over 3,000 scientific articles, mainly from the social sciences, and looked at possible discursive, normative and institutional effects. The presence of all three types of effects throughout a political

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On 25 September 2015, the 193 countries of the UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Development Agenda titled "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development." This agenda has 92 paragraphs. Paragraph 59 outlines the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the associated 169 targets

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In January 2013, the 30-member UN General Assembly Open Working Group (OWG) on Sustainable Development Goals was established to identify specific goals for the SDGs. The OWG submitted their proposal of 8 SDGs and 169 targets to the 68th session of the General Assembly in September 2014. On 5 December

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64th NGO Conference in Bonn, Germany. The outcome document proposed 17 sustainable development goals and associated targets. In the run-up to Rio+20 there was much discussion about the idea of the SDGs. At the Rio+20 Conference, a resolution known as "The Future We Want" was reached by member states.

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is a United Nations convention passed in 2001, explicitly to encourage and promote effective public engagement in environmental decision making. Information transparency related to social media and the engagement of youth are two issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals that the convention

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from 3 to 6 March 2020) a total of 36 changes to the global indicator framework were proposed for the commission's consideration. Some indicators were replaced, revised or deleted. Between 15 October 2018 and 17 April 2020, other changes were made to the indicators. Yet their measurement continues to

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The trade-offs among the 17 SDGs might prevent their realization. For example, these are three difficult trade-offs to consider: "How can ending hunger be reconciled with environmental sustainability? (SDG targets 2.3 and 15.2) How can economic growth be reconciled with environmental sustainability?

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sustainable development is detrimental to planetary integrity and justice. Both of these ambitions (planetary integrity and justice) would require limits to economic growth.This helps further the denial that there are absolute limits to economic growth. These studies question whether economic growth

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are underrepresented within the SDGs. For instance, the way the current SDGs are structured leads to a negative correlation between environmental sustainability and SDGs, with most indicators within even the sustainability-focused goals focusing on social or economic outcomes. This helps further the

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The widespread consensus is that progress on all of the SDGs will be stalled if women's empowerment and gender equality are not prioritized, and treated holistically. The SDGs look to policy makers as well as private sector executives and board members to work toward gender equality. Statements from

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is an annual week-long event in September for action, awareness, and accountability for the Sustainable Development Goals. It is a shared commitment for over 100 partners to ensure quick action on the SDGs by sharing ideas and transformative solutions to global problems. It first took place in 2016.

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is responsible for monitoring progress to achieve the first two targets of this goal. Important indicators for this goal are the percentages of the population that uses safely managed drinking water, and has access to safely managed sanitation. The JMP reported in 2017 that 4.5 billion people do not

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The indicators for the targets have varying levels of methodological development and availability of data at the global level. Initially, some indicators (called Tier 3 indicators) had no internationally established methodology or standards. Later, the global indicator framework was adjusted so that

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Scholars have criticized that the SDGs "fail to recognize that planetary, people and prosperity concerns are all part of one earth system, and that the protection of planetary integrity should not be a means to an end, but an end in itself." The SDGs "remain fixated on the idea that economic growth

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SDG 4 and 5: Educational equity has yet to be reached in the world. Public health efforts are impeded by this, as a lack of education can lead to poorer health outcomes. This is shown by children of mothers who have no education having a lower survival rate compared to children born to mothers with

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SDG 11 is to: "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable." Important indicators for this goal are the number of people living in urban slums, the proportion of the urban population who has convenient access to public transport, and the extent of built-up area per

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Poverty eradication is addressed in chapter II of the Johannesburg plan of implementation (2002), which stressed that eradicating poverty is the greatest global challenges facing the world today and indispensable requirement for sustainable development, particular for developing countries. Priority

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An independent group of scientists appointed by the Secretary General, found that: "the world is far off track". This report urges "urgent course correction" to help achieve the SDGs. This report blames the lingering drag of the COVID-19 pandemic, a rise in conflicts and, inflation for the lagging

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There are two main types of actors for implementation of the SDGs: state and non-state actors. State actors include national governments and sub-national authorities, whereas non-state actors are corporations and civil society. Civil society participation and empowerment is important but there are

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quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all." The indicators for this goal are, for example, attendance rates at primary schools, completion rates of primary school education, participation in tertiary education, and so forth. In each case, parity indices are looked at to

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in 2020 to 2023 made these challenges worse. The pandemic impacted all 17 goals and emphasized the interconnectedness of global health, economic, social, and environmental challenges. Some regions, such as Asia, have experienced significant setbacks during that time. The global effort for the SDGs

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Some studies warn that the SDGs could be used to camouflage business-as-usual by disguising it using SDG-related sustainability rhetoric. A meta-analysis review study in 2022 found that: "There is even emerging evidence that the SDGs might have even adverse effects, by providing a "smokescreen of

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However, the HLPF has a range of problems. It has not been able to promote system-wide coherence. The reasons for this include its broad and unclear mandate combined with a lack of resources and divergent national interests. Therefore, this reporting system is mainly just a platform for voluntary

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in pronouncements by policymakers and civil society activists is a discursive effect. The SDGs have also led to some isolated normative and institutional reforms. However, there is widespread doubt that the SDGs can steer societies towards more ecological integrity at the planetary scale. This is

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The SDGs have been criticized for furthering a neoliberal agenda that extends to promote neoliberal and business interests. Furthermore, the framework represents a universal template grounded in Western ideology. This framework is then used to reproduce a flawed Western paradigm. Some scientists

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Scholars have pointed out flaws in the design of the SDGs for the following aspects: "the number of goals, the structure of the goal framework (for example, the non-hierarchical structure), the coherence between the goals, the specificity or measurability of the targets, the language used in the

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SDG 16 is to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels." Rates of birth registration and prevalence of bribery are two examples of indicators included in this

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The lists of targets and indicators for each of the 17 SDGs was published in a UN resolution in July 2017. Each goal typically has eight to 12 targets, and each target has between one and four indicators used to measure progress toward reaching the targets, with the average of 1.5 indicators per

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has had a profound impact on the mental and physical wellbeing of communities around the world. The pandemic slowed progress towards achieving the SDGs. It has "exacerbated existing fault lines of inequality". The brunt of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were felt by poorer segments of the

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The review found that the SDGs are too nonspecific to be quantified or measured. Subjective assessments are often paradoxical due to the nature of wealth and prosperity. An individual with good health, supportive family and social well-being could be considered a form of wealth not enjoyed by

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Due to various economic and social issues, many countries are seeing a major decline in the progress made. In Asia for example, data shows a loss of progress on goals 2, 8,10,11, and 15. Recommended approaches to still achieve the SDGs are: "Set priorities, focus on harnessing the environmental

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Culture is explicitly referenced in SDG 11 Target 4 ("Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage"). However, culture is seen as a cross-cutting theme because it impacts several SDGs. For example, culture plays a role in SDG targets where they relate to

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End poverty in all its forms everywhere, by 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $ 2.15 a day. Reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimension according to

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Global Warming of 1.5°C.An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to

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Regarding the targets of the SDGs, there is generally weak evidence linking the means of implementation to outcomes. The targets about means of implementation (those denoted with a letter, for example, Target 6.a) are imperfectly conceptualized and inconsistently formulated, and tracking their

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The SDGs include three environment-focused SDGs, which are Goal 13, 14 and 15 (climate, land and oceans), but there is no overarching environmental or planetary goal. The SDGs do not pursue planetary integrity as such.Other SDGs, which as Goal 7, 12 and 13 ignore the planetary limits and

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A meta-analysis published in 2022 found that there was scant evidence that governments have substantially reallocated funding to implement the SDGs, either for national implementation or for international cooperation. The SDGs do not seem to have changed public budgets and financial allocation

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nations. Many pension investment executives and board members confirmed they were in the process of adopting or developing SDG-informed investment processes, with more ambitious investment governance requirements – notably when it comes to climate action, gender equality and social fairness.

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The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 had impacts on all 17 goals. It has become "the worst human and economic crisis in a lifetime." The pandemic threatened progress made in particular for SDG 3 (health), SDG 4 (education), SDG 6 (water and sanitation for all), SDG 10 (reduce inequality) and SDG 17

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Funding remains a critical issue for achieving the SDGs. Significant financial resources would be required worldwide. The UN, other international organizations, and national governments are trying to assist with funding efforts. Furthermore, the role of private investment and a shift towards

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SDG 1: Living below the poverty line is attributed to poorer health outcomes and can be even worse for persons living in developing countries where extreme poverty is more common. A child born into poverty is twice as likely to die before the age of five compared to a child from a wealthier

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With regards to the political impact of the SDGs, it has been observed that they have mainly influenced global and national debates. By doing so, they have led to discursive effects for global and national debates. However, they have struggled to achieve transformative changes in policy and

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The Post-2015 Development Agenda was a process from 2012 to 2015 led by the United Nations to define the future global development framework that would succeed the Millennium Development Goals. The SDGs were developed to succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which ended in 2015.

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The numbering system of targets is as follows: Outcome targets use numbers, whereas means of implementation targets use lower case letters. For example, SDG 6 has a total of 8 targets. The first six are outcome targets and are labeled Targets 6.1 to 6.6. The final two targets are means of

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institutional structures. The uneven prioritization of goals reflects longstanding national development policies. This complicates the global endeavor towards sustainable development. For example, there has long been a tendency to favor socio-economic objectives over environmental ones.

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Synergies amongst the SDGs are "the good antagonists of trade-offs."With regards to SDG 13 on climate action, the IPCC sees robust synergies particularly for the SDGs 3 (health), 7 (clean energy), 11 (cities and communities), 12 (responsible consumption and production) and 14 (oceans).

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is seen as vital to achieving each of the 16 previous goals. Developing multi-stakeholder partnerships to facilitate knowledge exchange, expertise, technology, and financial resources is recognized as critical to overall success of the SDGs. The goal includes improving north–south and

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Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas; Sénit, Carole-Anne; Beisheim, Marianne; Bernstein, Steven; Chasek, Pamela; Grob, Leonie; Kim, Rakhyun E.; Kotzé, Louis J.; Nilsson, Måns; Ordóñez Llanos, Andrea; Okereke, Chukwumerije; Pradhan, Prajal; Raven, Rob; Sun, Yixian (20 June 2022).

3169:. In 2019, the Bond network analyzed the UK's global progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Bond report highlights crucial gaps where attention and investment are most needed. The report was compiled by 49 organizations and 14 networks and working groups. 920:

SDG 7 is to "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all." One of the indicators for this goal is the percentage of population with access to electricity (progress in expanding access to electricity has been made in several countries, notably

2771:. In July 2020 the meeting took place online for the first time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The theme was "Accelerated action and transformative pathways: realizing the decade of action and delivery for sustainable development" and a ministerial declaration was adopted. 1741: 1740: 1746: 1744: 1739: 2063:. The resolution is a broad intergovernmental agreement that acts as the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The SDGs build on the principles agreed upon in Resolution A/RES/66/288, entitled "The Future We Want". This was a non-binding document released as a result of 1995:

between the goals,such as between ending hunger and promoting environmental sustainability. Furthermore, concerns have arisen over the high number of goals (compared to the eight Millennium Development Goals), leading to compounded trade-offs, a weak emphasis on

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between the planetary boundaries of Earth and the aspirations for wealth and well-being. This has been described as follows: "the world's social and natural biophysical systems cannot support the aspirations for universal human well-being embedded in the SDGs."

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individuals who are isolated, in poor health and employed in labor which exacts an extreme physical toll and frequent injuries or toxin-related illness. They have had mainly discursive effects only. For example, the broad uptake of the principle of

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across borders. It is about strengthening and streamlining cooperation between nation-states, both developed and developing, using the SDGs as a shared framework and a shared vision for defining that collaborative way forward. It seeks to promote

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The 2030 Agenda did not create specific authority for communicating the SDGs; however, both international and local advocacy organizations have pursued significant non-state resources to communicate the SDGS. UN agencies which are part of the

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SDG 8 is to: "Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all." Important indicators for this goal include economic growth in least developed countries and the rate of real

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Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas; Sénit, Carole-Anne; Grob, Leonie (31 July 2022), "Chapter 8: The Sustainable Development Goals as a Transformative Force?: Key Insights", in Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas; Sénit, Carole-Anne (eds.),

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Llanos, Andrea Ordóñez; Raven, Rob; Bexell, Magdalena; Botchwey, Brianna; Bornemann, Basil; Censoro, Jecel; Christen, Marius; Díaz, Liliana; Hickmann, Thomas (31 July 2022), Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas; Sénit, Carole-Anne (eds.),

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in a Rockefeller Foundation-hosted design thinking workshop concluded that "while there is a moral imperative to achieve the SDGs, failure is inevitable if there aren't drastic changes to how we go about financing large scale change."

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SDG 2: The detrimental effects of hunger and malnutrition that can arise from systemic challenges with food security are enormous. The World Health Organization estimates that 12.9 percent of the population in developing countries is

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targets. The latter targets were introduced late in the process of negotiating the SDGs to address the concern of some Member States about how the SDGs were to be achieved. Goal 17 is wholly about how the SDGs will be achieved.

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because countries generally prioritize the more socioeconomic SDGs (e.g. SDGs 8 to 12) over the environmentally oriented ones (e.g. SDGs 13 to 15), which is in alignment with their long-standing national development policies.

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Building new partnerships is useful. However, the SDGs are not legally binding and purposefully designed to provide much leeway for actors. Therefore, they can interpret the goals differently and often according to their

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in New York. A national committee chaired by the Lebanese Prime Minister is leading the work on the SDGs in the country. In 2019, Lebanon's overall performance in the SDG Index ranked 6th out of 21 countries in the Arab

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In 2017 the UN launched the Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development (UN IATF on FfD) that invited to a public dialogue. The top-5 sources of financing for development were estimated in 2018 to be: Real new

1919:(later known as the Brundtland Commission), which defined sustainable development as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." In 1992, the first 1990:

sees robust synergies with SDGs 3 (health), 7 (clean energy), 11 (cities and communities), 12 (responsible consumption and production) and 14 (oceans). On the other hand, critics and observers have also identified

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SDG 10 is to: "Reduce inequality within and among countries." Important indicators for this SDG are: income disparities, aspects of gender and disability, as well as policies for migration and mobility of people.

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SDG 9 is to: "Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation." Indicators in this goal include for example, the proportion of people who are employed in

460:; sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices; and genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals; investments, research and technology. The three 404:

The General Assembly, in its 1997 Programme for further implementation of agenda 21( paragraphy27) decided that poverty eradication should be an overriding theme of sustainable development for the coming years.

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to deliver the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. This decade will last from 2020 to 2030. The plan is that the secretary general of the UN will convene an annual platform for driving the Decade of Action.

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There are concerns about the ethical orientation of the SDGs: they remain "underpinned by strong (Western) modernist notions of development: sovereignty of humans over their environment (anthropocentricism),

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The monitoring of essential variables to better capture the essence of coupled environmental and social systems that underpin sustainable development, helping to guide coordination and systems transformation.

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This subdivision should be a "regular meeting place for governments and non-state representatives to assess global progress towards sustainable development." The meetings take place under the auspices of the

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decided to support an independent campaign to communicate the new SDGs to a wider audience. This campaign, Project Everyone, had the support of corporate institutions and other international organizations.

9247: 8318: 2306:. A review of the five reports analyzed which of the 17 Goals were addressed in priority and which ones were left behind. In explanation of the findings, the Basel Institute of Commons and Economics said 6965: 234:

sustainable financing are also essential for realizing the SDGs. Examples of progress from some countries demonstrate that achieving sustainable development through concerted global action is possible.

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Zeng, Yiwen; Maxwell, Sean; Runting, Rebecca K.; Venter, Oscar; Watson, James E. M.; Carrasco, L. Roman (October 2020). "Environmental destruction not avoided with the Sustainable Development Goals".

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The United Nations estimates that for Africa, considering the continent's population growth, yearly funding of $ 1.3 trillion would be needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa.

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Peccia, T., R. Kelej, A. Hamdy, A. Fahmi (2017), "A reflection on Public-Private Partnerships' contribution to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals", Scienza e Pace, VIII, 1, pp. 81–103.

2752:, includes a ranking and dashboards that show key challenges for each country in terms of implementing the SDGs. The publication also shows an analysis of government efforts to implement the SDGs. 217:

These goals are ambitious, and the reports and outcomes to date indicate a challenging path. Most, if not all, of the goals are unlikely to be met by 2030. Rising inequalities, climate change, and

4887: 6083: 4617: 6401: 4431: 6825: 10367: 7873: 5706: 4481: 10417: 7845: 4109: 3104:(HLPF). In 2020, Nigeria ranked 160 on the 2020 world's SDG Index. The government affirmed that Nigeria's current development priorities and objectives are focused on achieving the SDGs. 2313:

It has been argued that governments and businesses actively prioritize the social and economic goals over the environmental goals (such as Goal 14 and 15) in both rhetoric and practice.

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Reyers, Belinda; Stafford-Smith, Mark; Erb, Karl-Heinz; Scholes, Robert J; Selomane, Odirilwe (June 2017). "Essential Variables help to focus Sustainable Development Goals monitoring".

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is expected to play a crucial part in the progressive advancement of the SDG agenda to "shift the economic system towards sustainable investment by using the SDG framework across all

4775: 2133:, have noted that investments in women and girls have positive impacts on economies. National and global development investments in women and girls often exceed their initial scope. 10676: 9682: 6106: 9958: 6153: 5300: 4174: 2629:

estimated the annual costs to achieving the UN Goals at US$ 2.5 trillion per year. Another estimate from 2018 (by the Basel Institute of Commons and Economics, that conducts the

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2014, the UN General Assembly accepted the Secretary General's Synthesis Report, which stated that the agenda for the post-2015 SDG process would be based on the OWG proposals.

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for sustainable development." The current efforts to protect oceans, marine environments and small-scale fishers are not meeting the need to protect the resources. Increased

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as well as child and maternal mortality. Further indicators are for example deaths from road traffic injuries, prevalence of current tobacco use, and suicide mortality rate.

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in 2015 argued that 169 targets for the SDGs is too many, describing them as sprawling, misconceived and a mess compared to the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

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Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development containing the targets and indicators, July 2017 (UN resolution A/RES/71/313)

1125:: Facilitate sustainable infrastructure development for developing countries; support domestic technology development and industrial diversification; universal access to 11104: 10552: 9578: 9529: 1980: 316: 9181:"Analysing of the sustainable development goals in Damascus University during Syrian crisis using the strategy in the university and the bibliometrics data from SciVal" 2019:. To facilitate monitoring of progress on SDG implementation, the online SDG Tracker was launched in June 2018 to present all available data across all indicators. The 10492: 10340: 4800: 2906:

Reframing the message of the SDGs to help advocate to limits to growth rather than the empirically unfounded idea that economic growth can continue in a limited world.

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SDG materials are being painted in the form of graffiti to raise public awareness by independent volunteers in Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with UNDP, Bangladesh

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to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity; develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts; and remove market distortions, like

810: 9547: 3084:(UNDP) has collected information to show how awareness about the SDGs among government officers, civil society and others has been created in many African countries. 2213:

Of particular concern - which cut across many of the SDGs – are rising inequalities, ongoing climate change and increasing biodiversity loss. In addition, there is a

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for developing countries. In other words, these targets include access to affordable and reliable energy while increasing the share of renewable energy in the global

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had serious negative impacts on all 17 SDGs in 2020. A scientific assessment of the political impacts of the SDGs found in 2022 that the SDGs have only had limited

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held a series of ESG-focused (Environmental, Social and Governance) discussions with pension board members (trustees) and senior investment executives from across

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the physical capital stock – energy, industry, and transportation infrastructure – and ensure its resilience to a changing future climate; to preserve and enhance

1920: 10934: 10402: 10218: 9244: 8310: 7624: 7489:"Impact of Pandemic, Worldwide Crises Must Be Overcome to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals, Speakers Stress, as High-Level Political Forum Opens | UN Press" 8900: 8175: 5603: 1636:; develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions; ensure responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making; strengthen the participation in 10701: 10387: 9512: 7581: 5992: 8996: 3003:

17 individual, yet interconnected, art strips symbolising each of the 17 interconnected Sustainable Development Goals in the shape of the Australian continent

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would be the creation of new departments, committees, offices or programs linked to the achievement of the SDGs or the realignment of existing institutions.

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levels and the reduction of food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses; achieving the environmentally sound management of

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for its capacity to advance the sustainable development goals. Institutional connections between the BRI and multiple UN bodies have also been established.

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Some studies, however, warn of selective implementation of SDGs and political risks linked to private investments in the context of continued shortage of

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Countries that are closest to meeting the SDGs (in dark blue) and those with the greatest remaining challenges (in the lightest shade of blue) in 2018

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environment and resilience (within SDGs 11, 12 and 16), prosperity and livelihoods (within SDG 8), inclusion and participation (within SDG 11 and 16).

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Using the text drafted by diplomats at the UN level, a team of communication specialists developed icons for every goal. They also shortened the title

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SDG 12 is to: "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns." One of the indicators is the number of national policy instruments to promote

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Reyers, Belinda; Selig, Elizabeth R. (August 2020). "Global targets that reveal the social–ecological interdependencies of sustainable development".

7598: 6931: 4609: 2822:, failing to change governance and to pay attention to trade-offs, root causes of poverty and environmental degradation, and social justice issues." 2286:

in July 2023, speakers remarked that the pandemic, and multiple worldwide crises such as climate change, threatened decades of progress on the SDGs.

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and production patterns. Another one is global fossil fuel subsidies. An increase in domestic recycling and a reduced reliance on the global plastic

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and supported by the SDGs' Partnership Platform. Held for the first time in 2019, the festival is expected to take place every year in September in

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SDG 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are

10245: 10025: 9517: 9483: 9404: 9102: 9076: 7870: 5832: 4308:, High-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council (E/2020/57), 28 April 2020 1942:

proposed the idea of the SDGs at a preparation event for Rio+20 held in Indonesia in July 2011. In September 2011, this idea was picked up by the

268:(UNSD) website provides a current official indicator list which includes all updates until the 51st session Statistical Commission in March 2020. 12386: 10801: 10445: 10440: 10296: 9794: 7447:

Global Sustainable Development Report 2023: Times of crisis, times of change: Science for accelerating transformations to sustainable development

6763: 6319:"Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development – A/42/427 Annex, Chapter 2 – UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements" 5698: 4473: 1943: 7078: 4101: 3782:"IAEG-SDGs 2020 Comprehensive Review Proposals Submitted to the 51st session of the United Nations Statistical Commission for its consideration" 944:

The goal has five targets to be achieved by 2030. Progress towards the targets is measured by six indicators. Three out of the five targets are

13059: 12082: 10069: 9975: 9466: 9395: 7376: 3789: 8145: 7699: 3689:"SDG Indicators – Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" 3015:

and the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C) with different federal government agencies responsible for each of the goals.

226:

calls for prioritizing environmental sustainability, understanding the indivisible nature of the goals, and seeking synergies across sectors.

12883: 11381: 10733: 10497: 10010: 10005: 9980: 9844: 9667: 9618: 9495: 9471: 3100:

Nigeria is one of the countries that presented its Voluntary National Review (VNR) in 2017 and 2020 on the implementation of the SDGs at the

1814:. The role of the public figures is to raise awareness, inspire greater ambition, and push for faster action on the SDGs. The co-chairs are: 10133: 10762: 10696: 10240: 9727: 4767: 3756: 2818:

and fall short of delivering an ambitious development agenda. The current status quo has been described as "separating human wellbeing and

5802: 5737: 11994: 11122: 10927: 10054: 8627:"Spatial context matters in monitoring and reporting on Sustainable Development Goals: Reflections based on research in mountain regions" 4326: 2992: 2744:

is the first publication to track countries' performance on all 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The annual publication, co-produced by

576: 131:

and working to preserve oceans and forests. The SDGs highlight the connections between the environmental, social and economic aspects of

9140: 6295: 3726: 2618:

Estimates for providing clean water and sanitation for the whole population of all continents have been as high as US$ 200 billion. The

2136:

Gender equality is mainstreamed throughout the SDG framework by ensuring that as much sex-disaggregated data as possible are collected.

11741: 10789: 10723: 10435: 10362: 10345: 9707: 9657: 9583: 9524: 9460: 5292: 4166: 2961:

growth of 3 percent (SDG 8) may not be reconcilable with ecological sustainability goals, because the required rate of absolute global

2768: 2012: 1972: 698:

and empower all women and girls." Indicators include, for example, having suitable legal frameworks and the representation by women in

7651:"Cherry-picking the Sustainable Development Goals: Goal prioritization by national governments and implications for global governance" 7138: 6352: 4503: 1150:

The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2019. Progress towards targets will be measured by indicators. The first seven targets are

11157: 11150: 10081: 9789: 9568: 9507: 9263: 6437: 6076:"The Aarhus Convention safeguards transparency and supports disaster risk reduction and measurement of Sustainable Development Goals" 5188: 4241: 3137: 3094: 2749: 1987: 1669:

SDG 17 is to: "Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development." Increasing

1361: 1126: 1103: 9168:. SDG Centre of Excellence for the Arab Region/Emirates Diplomatic Academy and Sustainable Development Solutions Network. p. 5. 8824:

Hickel, Jason (September 2019). "The contradiction of the sustainable development goals: Growth versus ecology on a finite planet".

7175: 6412: 1983:

for each goal and provides indicators to measure progress. Most targets are to be achieved by 2030, although some have no end date.

12831: 11191: 10795: 10629: 9916: 9854: 9814: 9702: 9366: 8340: 6378: 5884:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 5630:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 5519:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 5457: 5360:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 5241:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 5120:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4954:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4819:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4716:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4641:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4563:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4350:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4198:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 4021:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 3629:"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation" 3166: 2039:

Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN Resolution A/RES/70/1), containing the goals (October 2015)

540: 9245:

Agenda 2030 The UK Government's approach to delivering the Global Goals for Sustainable Development – at home and around the world

11129: 9603: 9456: 9386: 7108: 6459: 3969: 3894: 3075: 2843:

SDG wedding cake model: A way of viewing the economic, social and ecological aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

2775: 2729:

The online publication SDG-Tracker was launched in June 2018 and presents data across all available indicators. It relies on the

6235: 13079: 12358: 11691: 11143: 10920: 10235: 10158: 10015: 9990: 9435: 8373:

Robra, Ben; Heikkurinen, Pasi (2021), Leal Filho, Walter; Azul, Anabela Marisa; Brandli, Luciana; Lange Salvia, Amanda (eds.),

3143:

Lebanon adopted the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. It presented its first Voluntary National Review VNR in 2018 at the

3114: 809:

SDG 6 is to: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all." The Joint Monitoring Programme (

6786: 13089: 12110: 10842: 10745: 10711: 10614: 10594: 10525: 10313: 10284: 10262: 10153: 10086: 9874: 9819: 8394: 7772: 7709: 7554: 7521: 7319: 7169: 7123: 6990: 6715: 6633: 2693: 2139: 2130: 899: 670: 429:." Indicators for this goal are for example the prevalence of diet, prevalence of severe food insecurity, and prevalence of 304: 7747: 4797: 3017:

In November 2020, the Transforming Australia: SDG Progress Report stated that while Australia was performing well in health

1001:

SDG 8 has twelve targets in total to be achieved by 2030. Some targets are for 2030; others are for 2020. The first ten are

13069: 12810: 10666: 10289: 10059: 9645: 9630: 9613: 3081: 2670:

mechanisms in any important way, except for some local governance contexts. National budgets cannot easily be reallocated.

983: 9026: 7956: 7921: 7898: 7547:

Report of the inter-agency task force on financing for development 2019: financing for sustainable development report 2019

7225: 6661: 5930:

Communicating Sustainable Development and the SDGs in Europe: Good practice examples from policy,academia, NGOs, and media

3165:

The UK's approach to delivering the Global SDGs is outlined in Agenda 2030: Delivering the Global Goals, developed by the

1571:

include: Increase financial resources to conserve and sustainably use ecosystem and biodiversity; finance and incentivize

1500:

SDG 15 is to: "Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat

972:. They also focus on improving energy efficiency, international cooperation and investment in clean energy infrastructure. 10757: 10752: 10176: 10044: 9906: 9809: 9732: 9672: 5767: 2056: 2027:

thus far. At the very least, they have affected the way actors understand and communicate about sustainable development.

1986:

There are cross-cutting issues and synergies between the different goals; for example, for SDG 13 on climate action, the

1287:, which are: implement the 10‑Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns; achieve the 8099: 6599: 6265: 6123: 5487: 3011:

was one of the 193 countries that adopted the 2030 Agenda in September 2015. Implementation of the agenda is led by the

12093: 11971: 11891: 11731: 11706: 10878: 10123: 9911: 9901: 9573: 9536: 7725: 2923:, competition, freedom (rights rather than duties), self-interest, belief in the market leading to collective welfare, 265: 8923: 7880:– Policy paper to the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Financing for Development, Basel Institute of Commons and Economics 7617: 13064: 12876: 12214: 11640: 10863: 10547: 10279: 10148: 9879: 9859: 9799: 9784: 9163: 8972: 8892: 8167: 5592: 4401: 2957:(SDG targets 9.2 and 9.4) How can income inequality be reconciled with economic growth? (SDG targets 10.1 and 8.1)." 1947:

Among the key themes agreed on were poverty eradication, energy, water and sanitation, health, and human settlement.

272:

Tier 3 indicators were either abandoned, replaced or refined. As of 17 July 2020, there were 231 unique indicators.

7578: 6326: 5984: 2885:

Scientists have proposed several ways to address the weaknesses regarding environmental sustainability in the SDGs:

1360:

and its impacts by regulating emissions and promoting developments in renewable energy." In 2021 to early 2023, the

13074: 12019: 11976: 11216: 10774: 9943: 9004: 8381:, Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 253–262, 3120: 2903:) and time (e.g., affecting future generations) that could ultimately determine the success or failure of the SDGs. 2249:

would be adjustments in legislative and regulatory frameworks and policies in line with, and because of, the SDGs.

1779: 1722:

and systemic issues. Progress towards targets will be measured by 25 indicators. All these targets are regarded as

1693:

SDG 17 is a vision for improved and more equitable trade, as well as coordinated investment initiatives to promote

2150:(GCED) as a complementary approach. Education for sustainable development is important for all the other 16 SDGs. 13038: 12014: 11696: 11625: 11564: 11357: 11249: 11070: 11063: 11056: 11049: 11042: 11035: 11028: 11021: 10530: 9948: 9933: 9502: 9478: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3030: 2655: 1960: 1687: 1590: 1521: 1441: 1373: 1277: 1209: 1144: 831: 207: 203: 199: 195: 187: 183: 179: 7577:

Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary-General, Global Sustainable Development Report 2019:

6183: 5928: 2615:. The IMF has also taken the initiative to achieve the SDGs by offering their support to developing countries. 12790: 12353: 11936: 11834: 11369: 11014: 11007: 11000: 10993: 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10128: 9652: 9588: 9490: 7802:"The Costs of Meeting the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal Targets on Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene" 7006: 6858: 6154:"UN Secretary-General António Guterres announces Founder and CEO of Chobani, Mr. Hamdi Ulukaya as SDG Advocate" 6053: 5962: 3022: 3018: 1679: 1391:. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to 1092: 995: 938: 839: 801: 715: 627: 490: 438: 347: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 151: 147: 143: 7336: 1567:

on land and in water ecosystems; and integrate ecosystem and biodiversity in governmental planning. The three

481:

SDG 3 is to: "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages." Important indicators here are

12633: 12180: 12159: 12004: 11931: 10822: 10740: 10619: 10579: 10507: 10188: 10113: 10098: 9427: 8066: 4915: 4517: 4301: 3544: 3279: 1572: 6124:"United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres has Appointed 17 Sustainable Development Goals Advocates" 5857: 5322: 2310:, Peace and Social Inclusion were "left behind" by quoting the official SDGs motto "Leaving no one behind." 1997: 397:

Working with interested donors and recipients to allocate increased shares of ODA to poverty eradication and

12869: 12735: 12318: 11916: 11184: 10728: 10589: 9359: 8450: 7200: 6576: 2819: 2630: 2147: 2015:. However, the HLPF comes with its own set of problems due to a lack of political leadership and divergent 1968: 1964: 1898: 1365: 27: 8009:

Firzli, Nicolas (10 February 2020). "G7 Pensions Roundtable: Les ODD ('SDGs') Désormais Incontournables".

6209: 4456: 3811: 2075: 12948: 12292: 12024: 11956: 11332: 9804: 9623: 8034:"Group of top CEOs says maximizing shareholder profits no longer can be the primary goal of corporations" 7949:"From Billions to Trillions: Mobilising the Missing Trillions to Solve the Sustainable Development Goals" 7309: 6015: 2608: 1675: 1034: 658: 292: 9963: 9264:"The UK's global contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals – Progress, gaps and recommendations" 9110: 12333: 12262: 11726: 11347: 11226: 10599: 10562: 10557: 10143: 9891: 9563: 9451: 7399: 6489: 3342:"Will the Sustainable Development Goals address the links between poverty and the natural environment?" 2226:

dimension of the SDGs, understand how the SDGs work as an indivisible system, and look for synergies."

1106:

and inclusive infrastructures; promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization; increase access to

307:

in 2020. It will be reviewed again in 2025. At the 51st session of the Statistical Commission (held in

8201: 8120: 7837: 7068:"Gender equality and women's rights in the post-2015 agenda: A foundation for sustainable development" 6755: 6520: 5882:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

5628:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

5517:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

5358:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

5239:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

5118:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4952:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4817:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4714:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4639:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4561:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4348:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4196:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

4019:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

3627:

Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018).

2909:

Reformulating specific goals that emphasis reduced consumption instead of the business as usual model.

2633:) found that to reach all of the SDGs this would require between US$ 2.5 and $ 5.0 trillion per year. 1475:; increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources. The last three targets are 497:

SDG 3 has 13 targets and 28 indicators to measure progress toward targets. The first nine targets are

12282: 11926: 11721: 11559: 11211: 10332: 10318: 10206: 9849: 9754: 9737: 9408: 9304: 9297: 7067: 3840:

Winfried, Huck (2019). Iovane, Massimo; Palombino, Fulvio; Amoroso, Daniele; Zarra, Giovanni (eds.).

3034: 2871: 2612: 1505: 1252: 1187: 1155: 895:

to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

814: 742: 707: 457: 9162:

Luomi, M.; Fuller, G.; Dahan, L.; Lisboa Båsund, K.; de la Mothe Karoubi, E.; Lafortune, G. (2019).

7462: 3877: 3781: 1327:

practices that are sustainable; and ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and

342:. The data gets analyzed by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location (urban/rural). 12338: 12323: 11859: 11736: 11701: 11450: 11440: 11414: 10624: 10609: 10194: 8953:

The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order

8739:"The Sustainable Development Goals viewed through Gross National Happiness, Ubuntu, and Buen Vivir" 8271:"The Sustainable Development Goals viewed through Gross National Happiness, Ubuntu, and Buen Vivir" 8232: 8137: 3297: 3063: 2855: 1903: 1488: 1098:

SDG 9 has eight targets, and progress is measured by twelve indicators. The first five targets are

1030: 805:

Example of sanitation for all: School toilet (IPH school and college, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh)

524: 3944: 2194:

To meet SDG 13 and other SDGs, sustained long-term investment in green innovation is required to:

790:

adopting and strengthening policies for gender equality, and supporting legislation to enforce it.

388:

progressively developing social protection systems to support those who cannot support themselves.

13084: 12966: 12421: 12147: 11921: 11764: 11574: 11546: 11269: 11259: 11177: 10569: 9352: 5681: 5403: 5171: 5005: 4862: 4002: 3537: 3272: 2962: 2939:

hectic political activity" that blurs a reality of stagnation, dead ends and business-as-usual."

1694: 1625: 1609: 1332: 1265: 1248: 426: 382:

Improving access to sustainable live hoods entrepreneurial opportunities and productive resources

132: 3919: 3748: 3157:

Higher education in Syria began with sustainable development steps through Damascus University.

1368:

which assesses scientific, technical, and socio-economic information concerning climate change.

1243:

include strong national and regional development planning, implementing policies for inclusion,

55:"A shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future" 12986: 12821: 12654: 12618: 12537: 12517: 12512: 12452: 12287: 12252: 12173: 12166: 11986: 11941: 11896: 11711: 11675: 11665: 11460: 11435: 11419: 11404: 11386: 10656: 10118: 9839: 6521:"Global governance by goal-setting: the novel approach of the UN Sustainable Development Goals" 6490:"The road to dignity by 2030: ending poverty, transforming all lives and protecting the planet" 5810: 5729: 4463:. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017 3222: 2974: 2662: 2299: 2107: 1288: 1215:

SDG 11 has 10 targets to be achieved, and this is being measured with 15 indicators. The seven

731: 589: 8018: 6880: 5488:"Desertification, land degradation and drought .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform" 4318: 3298:"Patterns of Middle-Class Communities Adaptation to the Village SDGS Program in Bogor Regency" 2622:

says that estimates need to be made country by country, and reevaluated frequently over time.

1971:, which were completed that same year. These goals were formally articulated and adopted in a 12856: 12815: 12482: 12462: 12207: 12064: 12009: 11966: 11849: 11824: 11789: 11465: 10883: 10855: 10847: 10644: 10542: 10255: 9697: 9418: 9132: 9077:"The Government of Nigeria Presents 2nd Voluntary National Review on Sustainable Development" 8956: 6287: 3718: 2935:

worry that the SDGs could be used against legitimate protests about development initiatives.

2870:

denial that there are absolute limits to economic growth. They could unintentionally promote

1916: 1344: 1220: 1175: 1115: 1083:, or who have access to the internet. An indicator that is connected to climate change is "CO 987: 869:, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations 557: 10686: 8451:"Latest U.N. sustainability goals pose more harm than good for environment, scientists warn" 7980:"Beyond SDGs: Can Fiduciary Capitalism and Bolder, Better Boards Jumpstart Economic Growth?" 5682:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

5404:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

5218: 5172:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

5006:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

4863:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

4003:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development

3538:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

3273:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

2892:

More attention to the context of the biophysical systems in different places (e.g., coastal

2245:

relate to changes in global and national debates that make them more aligned with the SDGs.

657:; increased number of people with relevant skills for financial success; elimination of all 12795: 12745: 12700: 12670: 12649: 12547: 12542: 12492: 12242: 12029: 11999: 11951: 11946: 11869: 11774: 11670: 11493: 11352: 11337: 11312: 11297: 11254: 10873: 10837: 10832: 10784: 10515: 9764: 9192: 8685: 8581: 8528: 8489: 7156: 7135: 6528: 6348: 5641: 5252: 5131: 5090: 4965: 4924: 4727: 4032: 3640: 3574: 3479: 3394: 3353: 2866: 2854:

is foundational to achieve all pillars of sustainable development." They do not prioritize

2745: 2734: 2202:– forests, oceans, and wetlands; and to train people to work in a climate-neutral economy. 1858: 1794:, then ran workshops and conferences to communicate the Global Goals to a global audience. 1762: 1236: 1010: 953: 888: 877: 650: 326: 20: 10605:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

8549: 6429: 5915: 5669: 5550: 5391: 5280: 5159: 4993: 4850: 4755: 4672: 4594: 4381: 4229: 4060: 3688: 3522: 2142:(ESD) is explicitly recognized in the SDGs as part of Target 4.7 of the SDG on education. 1979:. On 6 July 2017, the SDGs were made more actionable by a UNGA resolution that identifies 8: 12900: 12892: 12800: 12765: 12725: 12710: 12690: 12532: 12522: 12467: 12436: 12426: 12396: 12348: 12257: 11961: 11844: 11839: 11584: 11503: 11322: 11302: 11292: 10574: 8038: 2774:

High-level progress reports for all the SDGs are published in the form of reports by the

2716: 1810:

In 2019 and then in 2021, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres appointed 17

1699: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1421: 1244: 1239:

of cities and to provide access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces. The three

1166:; adopt fiscal and social policies that promotes equality; improved regulation of global 1050: 1018: 823: 785: 758: 642: 546: 413: 338:

globally by 2030. One of its indicators is the proportion of population living below the

275:

Data or information must address all vulnerable groups such as children, elderly people,

9390: 9221: 9196: 9180: 8864:"Forecasting sustainable development goals scores by 2030 using machine learning models" 8689: 8585: 8532: 8493: 6532: 6374: 5645: 5256: 5135: 5094: 4969: 4928: 4731: 4036: 3644: 3578: 3483: 3398: 3357: 2999: 2088: 12846: 12740: 12715: 12675: 12628: 12613: 12598: 12583: 12552: 12507: 12457: 12416: 12406: 12381: 11906: 11901: 11536: 11498: 11455: 11374: 10706: 8978: 8841: 8719: 8658: 8607: 8572:

Scown, Murray W. (November 2020). "The Sustainable Development Goals need geoscience".

8554: 8505: 7680: 7417: 7358: 6571:

United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015,

5905: 5659: 5540: 5381: 5270: 5149: 4983: 4840: 4745: 4662: 4584: 4371: 4219: 4050: 3865: 3853: 3658: 3600: 3200: 2158: 1645: 1560: 1340: 1171: 1107: 1054: 961: 593: 366: 284: 3842:

Measuring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Indicators: Is Legitimacy Lacking?

2083:

Implementation of the SDGs started worldwide in 2016. This process can also be called

1487:. One indicator (14.1.1b) under Goal 14 specifically relates to reducing impacts from 1479:: To increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health; support 12851: 12720: 12685: 12680: 12623: 12608: 12603: 12588: 12578: 12573: 12497: 12477: 12431: 12343: 12297: 12237: 12115: 12098: 12069: 11864: 11748: 11554: 11307: 11244: 11097: 10716: 10671: 10651: 10536: 10306: 10200: 10138: 9938: 9399: 9226: 9208: 8968: 8845: 8806: 8760: 8723: 8711: 8662: 8625:

Kulonen, Aino; Adler, Carolina; Bracher, Christoph; Dach, Susanne Wymann von (2019).

8611: 8558: 8509: 8390: 8292: 8106:. New York: Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) 8014: 7705: 7684: 7672: 7560: 7550: 7527: 7517: 7421: 7362: 7315: 7165: 7119: 6986: 6711: 6639: 6629: 6572: 6554: 6467: 6231: 5909: 5663: 5544: 5385: 5274: 5153: 4987: 4844: 4749: 4666: 4588: 4375: 4223: 4054: 3857: 3662: 3604: 3592: 3507: 3319: 2730: 2271: 2020: 2016: 1846: 1798: 1715: 1637: 1552: 1509: 1480: 1417: 1392: 1384: 1224: 1159: 638: 465: 222: 218: 50: 42: 7871:

The SDGs are public goods – Costs, Sources and Measures of Financing for Development

7283: 7258: 5015: 1706:. The Goal has 17 targets to be achieved by 2030, broken down into five categories: 12938: 12836: 12705: 12593: 12557: 12527: 12502: 12487: 12472: 12411: 12401: 12391: 12328: 12277: 12200: 12039: 11911: 11886: 11779: 11605: 11579: 11531: 11526: 11508: 11445: 11396: 11317: 11287: 11282: 11239: 10272: 10212: 10182: 9864: 9558: 9323: 9216: 9200: 8960: 8871: 8833: 8796: 8750: 8701: 8693: 8648: 8638: 8597: 8589: 8544: 8536: 8497: 8429: 8382: 8282: 7662: 7407: 7348: 7335:

Bhattacharya, Amar; Ivanyna, Maksym; Oman, William; Stern, Nicholas (26 May 2021).

7118:, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, France, 6976: 6701: 6544: 6536: 6349:"Major Agreements & Conventions .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform" 5895: 5649: 5530: 5433: 5371: 5260: 5139: 5098: 4973: 4932: 4830: 4735: 4652: 4574: 4361: 4209: 4040: 3845: 3648: 3582: 3497: 3487: 3402: 3361: 3309: 2924: 2611:(IMF) also estimates that $ 50 billion may be needed only to cover the expenses of 1851: 1765:, talks about "The role of free knowledge in advancing the SDGs" in Stockholm, 2019 1564: 1452: 1413: 1292: 1232: 1228: 1167: 949: 678: 654: 469: 8801: 8784: 7488: 6760:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs - Sustainable Development

4299:

Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General

3468:"Scientific evidence on the political impact of the Sustainable Development Goals" 3407: 3382: 2811:

economic development-oriented sustainable development as their core orientation."

2793:(HLPF) replaced the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development in 2012. 2755: 1881: 1754: 334:

SDG 1 is to: "End poverty in all its forms everywhere." Achieving SDG 1 would end

13012: 12971: 12841: 12805: 12780: 12730: 12695: 12272: 12247: 11874: 11784: 11769: 11635: 11600: 11409: 9635: 9251: 8540: 8386: 8124: 8103: 7877: 7585: 7142: 7115: 6583: 6540: 5680:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

5402:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

5170:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

5004:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

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United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

4804: 4521: 4510: 4460: 4454:

Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines

4305: 4001:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

3587: 3562: 3548: 3536:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

3366: 3341: 3283: 3271:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

3186: 2647: 2643: 2294:

In 2019 five progress reports on the 17 SDGs were published. Three came from the

2199: 2195: 1967:. This agenda sought to design a new global development framework, replacing the 1758: 1670: 1621: 1540: 1501: 1183: 1006: 881: 866: 703: 695: 563: 550: 534: 512: 482: 354: 335: 10912: 10897: 5438: 5421: 5103: 5078: 3208: 2043: 1017:", "promote policies to support job creation and growing enterprises", "improve 303:

The indicator framework was comprehensively reviewed at the 51st session of the

12981: 12976: 12961: 11799: 11716: 11650: 11645: 11364: 11342: 11277: 11200: 9375: 9337:– Explore content on SDGs from six international organizations (powered by the 9204: 9051: 8755: 8738: 8653: 8593: 8374: 8287: 8270: 7948: 7890: 7233: 5445: 4549: 4151: 4130: 3812:"SDG Indicator changes (15 October 2018 and onward) – current to 17 April 2020" 3673: 3492: 3467: 2848: 2705: 2303: 2004: 1924: 1862: 1823: 1703: 1657: 1543:

and restore degraded land; ensure conservation of mountain ecosystems, protect

1484: 1357: 1178:; responsible and well-managed migration policies. The other three targets are 1163: 1111: 1080: 891:

across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater

855: 738: 724: 506: 430: 362: 288: 191: 136: 128: 108: 71: 8697: 8501: 7564: 7531: 7353: 6981: 6706: 6643: 5900: 5883: 5759: 5654: 5629: 5535: 5518: 5376: 5359: 5265: 5240: 5144: 5119: 4978: 4953: 4835: 4818: 4740: 4715: 4657: 4640: 4579: 4562: 4366: 4349: 4214: 4197: 4045: 4020: 3819:

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division

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United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division

3723:

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division

3653: 3628: 1323:

and reuse; encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices; promote public

933:). Other indicators look at the renewable energy share and energy efficiency. 13053: 12826: 12267: 12104: 11829: 11814: 11809: 11794: 11615: 11569: 11327: 9212: 9019: 8810: 8764: 8434: 8417: 8296: 8096: 7676: 7007:"6th World Pensions Forum held at the Queen's House: ESG and Asset Ownership" 6558: 6257: 4937: 4910: 4532: 4530: 3596: 3511: 3323: 3194: 2920: 2900: 2827: 2808: 2783: 2165: 2060: 1536: 1076: 1062: 965: 873: 528: 422: 308: 9312: 8934: 1652:: Strengthen national institutions to prevent violence and combat crime and 902:), at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate 681:

scholarships for developing countries; and increase the supply of qualified

13007: 12918: 12785: 12077: 11475: 11234: 10902: 10779: 10639: 9640: 9230: 8982: 8715: 8095:

Sachs, J., Schmidt-Traub, G., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. (2019):

6623: 3314: 3214: 2307: 2210:

Most or all of the goals and targets are unlikely to be achieved by 2030.

1866: 1641: 1544: 1223:

systems, inclusive and sustainable urbanization, protection of the world's

1046: 1042: 1014: 453: 339: 8785:"The sustainable development goals: A universalist promise for the future" 6905: 6288:"The Arctic Film Festival – United Nations Partnerships for SDGs platform" 4527: 4393: 361:. Achieving this goal includes finding solutions to new threats caused by 11660: 11655: 11620: 11483: 10868: 10682:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

8643: 8626: 8418:"Making the Sustainable Development Goals Consistent with Sustainability" 7701:

Finance in Africa – Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent times

7412: 7337:"Climate Action to Unlock the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century" 6318: 4073:"Explained: What is zero-hunger which is a Sustainable Development Goal?" 3849: 3296:

Isnaeni, Nur Meily; Dulkiah, Moh; Wildan, Asep Dadan (18 November 2022).

2928: 2893: 2682: 2678: 1938:(UNCSD), also known as Rio+20, was held as a 20-year follow up to UNCED. 1838: 1815: 1613: 1605: 1472: 1324: 1269: 1182:: Special and differential treatment for developing countries; encourage 1026: 892: 781: 774: 748: 8964: 8921: 3180: 2899:

Better understanding of feedbacks across scales in space (e.g., through

1927:, where the first agenda for Environment and Development, also known as 444:

SDG 2 has eight targets and 14 indicators to measure progress. The five

12770: 11819: 11804: 11630: 11610: 10769: 9834: 8602: 8168:"Eerste 'tracker' die progressie op SDG's per land volgt | Fondsnieuws" 6549: 5796: 5794: 4538:"Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 7) 3502: 2878: 2651: 2619: 1711: 1629: 1513: 1300: 1296: 1191: 1022: 969: 926: 699: 358: 276: 124: 12861: 8706: 5936:. ESDN Quarterly Report 51. European Sustainable Development Network. 5413: 4911:"Inclusive urbanization: Can the 2030 Agenda be delivered without it?" 4138: 3997: 3995: 3383:"Achieving sustainable development goals: predicaments and strategies" 1431: 754:

ensuring full participation of women in leadership and decision-making

12928: 12088: 12034: 11488: 6756:"Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" 6179: 4134: 3124: 3008: 2214: 2091:(secretary-general of the United Nations) issued a global call for a 1992: 1928: 1653: 1532: 1456: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1158:; promote universal social, economic and political inclusion; ensure 1038: 906: 646: 581:

supporting research, development, and universal access to affordable

567: 518: 8876: 8863: 8837: 8067:"An Examination of Pensions Trends. On Balance, How Do Things Look?" 7979: 7667: 7650: 7445:

Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary-General,

6845: 6843: 6045: 5825: 5791: 5674: 5232: 5164: 5111: 4945: 4855: 3945:"Poverty eradication .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform" 3387:

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology

2942: 633:

SDG 4 has 10 targets which are measured by 11 indicators. The seven

12991: 12933: 12908: 11881: 9759: 9747: 8743:

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics

8275:

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics

7284:"Hunger and food security – United Nations Sustainable Development" 7042:"Greening, Governance and Growth in the Age of Popular Empowerment" 6573:

Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

5954: 5875: 5621: 5510: 5396: 5351: 4998: 4810: 3992: 2839: 2126: 1939: 1870: 1819: 1601: 1556: 1388: 1308: 990:

or the number of women engaged in the labor force compared to men.

948:: Universal access to modern energy; increase global percentage of 666: 662: 7377:"Grand Duchy of Luxembourg International Climate Finance Strategy" 6932:"Remarks to High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development" 5685: 5407: 5175: 5009: 4866: 4707: 4632: 4554: 4514: 4386: 4341: 4298: 4189: 4124: 4012: 4006: 3541: 3276: 2931:, quantification of value, and instrumentalization of labor.":453 1579: 1259: 1069: 909:

including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

12956: 12923: 12913: 12775: 12223: 11854: 11169: 10677:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

9344: 8416:

Wackernagel, Mathis; Hanscom, Laurel; Lin, David (11 July 2017).

7748:"Population growth, environmental degradation and climate change" 7579:

The Future is Now – Science for Achieving Sustainable Development

6840: 6519:

Biermann, Frank; Kanie, Norichika; Kim, Rakhyun E (1 June 2017).

5862:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)

4537: 3912: 2973:

A study in 2024 predicted SDG scores of regions until 2030 using

1889: 1707: 1633: 1617: 1548: 1412:

SDG 14 is to: "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and

682: 582: 417:

Sufficient and healthy foods should be made available to everyone

280: 9302:

Knowledge's health care articles can be viewed offline with the

7158:

Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives

5881: 5627: 5516: 5357: 5238: 5117: 4951: 4816: 4713: 4638: 4560: 4347: 4195: 4018: 3626: 2689:

gained further ground amongst institutional investors in 2019.

2164:

The links between the various sustainable development goals and

1512:." The proportion of remaining forest area, desertification and 1283:

Sustainable Development Goal 12 has 11 targets. The first 8 are

1049:

and promote safe working environments', 'promote beneficial and

13035:

List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

11518: 9824: 9742: 9712: 9677: 9027:"FG presents SDGs voluntary national review report to UN today" 6460:"Open Working Group proposal for Sustainable Development Goals" 6205: 4453: 2756:

UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF)

2143: 1827: 1304: 960:: to promote access to research, technology and investments in 827: 818: 449: 261:

implementation targets and are labeled as Targets 6.a and 6.b.

211: 9334: 8522: 6016:"How This Great Design Is Bringing World Change to the Masses" 2317:

SDG preferences in the World's five major SDG reports in 2019

1769: 1198: 854:

Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable

400:

intensifying international cooperation for poverty eradication

26:

This article is about the 2023 goals. For the 2015 goals, see

9722: 9317: 9161: 8922:

Monash Sustainable Development Institute (19 November 2020).

5914:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

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Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

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Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

4992:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

4909:

McGranahan, Gordon; Schensul, Daniel; Singh, Gayatri (2016).

4849:

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4754:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

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3517: 3464: 3340:

Schleicher, Judith; Schaafsma, Marije; Vira, Bhaskar (2018).

2229: 1719: 1316: 930: 922: 242: 155: 120: 8862:

Chenary, Kimia; Pirian Kalat, Omid; Sharifi, Ayyoob (2024).

8448: 8117:

Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals

7334: 7136:

Global Citizenship Education: Topics and learning objectives

4139:

Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals

3246: 1424:

act concurrently with ocean acidification to constitute the

1110:

and markets; upgrade all industries and infrastructures for

1033:', 'promote youth employment, education and training', 'end 11105:

List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators

9338: 9328: 8197: 8116: 6733: 6700:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 204–26, 6112:. Geneva: Youth Group on the Protection of the Environment. 3719:"IAEG-SDGs – Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators" 2122: 2035: 862: 391:

Empowering people living in poverty and their organizations

317:

List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators

12192: 8924:"Transforming Australis SDG Progress Report – 2020 Update" 8861: 7922:"A New Role for Foundations in Financing the Global Goals" 6975:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 59–91, 6375:"Resources .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform" 5803:"SDG Indicators: why SDG 17 is the most important UN SDG?" 5422:"(Micro)plastics and the UN Sustainable Development Goals" 5079:"(Micro)plastics and the UN Sustainable Development Goals" 1682:

which involve civil societies are specifically mentioned.

976: 677:

are: build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools; expand

394:

Addressing the disproportionate impact of poverty on women

7971: 7618:"Leaving Biodiversity, Peace and Social Inclusion behind" 6973:

The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals

6962: 6698:

The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals

6694: 5730:"SDG Indicators: why SDG 17 is the most important UN SDG" 2965:

is far higher than any country has achieved in the past.

2877:

Certain studies also argue that the focus of the SDGs on

2697: 1773:

A proposal to visualize the 17 SDGs in a thematic pyramid

1531:

include: Conserve and restore terrestrial and freshwater

9313:

UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform – The SDGs

9133:"Lebanon .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform" 8479: 8224: 6662:"The Sustainable Development Goals and their trade-offs" 3380: 2296:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

1921:

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

1471:

coastal and marine areas; end subsidies contributing to

598:

improving early warning systems for global health risks.

12059:

UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)

8624: 4908: 3339: 2834: 2011:(HLPF), an annual forum held under the auspices of the 986:. Further examples are rates of youth unemployment and 468:

and distortions in world agricultural markets and food

237: 90: 8631:

GAIA – Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society

5916: