1354:
start of a session or of any counsellor's term. Rather, new counsellors appear to have begun their terms whenever they were able to reach
Philadelphia following their elections. The general election at that time was held on the second Tuesday in October and most counsellors took office in late October or in November. In most instances it is easy to fix the date on which a particular counsellor's term began, as the Minutes of the Council will note that on a particular date a particular gentleman was administered the oath and admitted to his seat. Many counsellors had sporadic attendance, and several were absent for a year or more at a time. This was particularly true of representatives from the distant western counties, although the phenomenon was certainly not limited to those gentlemen. Some counsellors simply sat out the last several months of their terms, their names disappearing from the Minutes by late summer or early autumn. Thus, the following list of counsellors generally notes only the day on which each began his term; unless indicated otherwise it is assumed that each term extended to the beginning of the next, regardless of the incumbent's actual attendance. Counsellors were accorded the title of
877:. For example, Redick's supposed acting presidency spanned the final three weeks of Dr. Franklin's presidential term. Franklin's three-year term as counsellor from the City of Philadelphia was to expire on or around October 17, 1788—two weeks before the conclusion of his final one-year presidential term on October 31. The 1776 Constitution is not specific on the matter, but as the president and vice-president were chosen from among the members of the Council, it appears that most presidents chose to leave that office, or were replaced, prior to the expiration of their term as counsellor, rather than have an executive preside over a body of which he was no longer a member. Thus, these "acting presidencies" may have spanned the period between the
919:
counsellors and
Assemblymen were elected by eligible citizens. Routine elections involved a joint ballot of the Council and the General Assembly. Several other elections were held to fill vacancies resulting from resignation; these involved only a vote by the Council rather than a joint ballot with the Assembly. More often than not, records do not list contenders (other than the winners) or vote tallies, saying simply that a particular gentleman was duly elected president and another vice-president. Presidents and vice-presidents were elected to one-year terms. They could be reelected, but their term as president or vice-president could not (in theory) extend beyond the end of their three-year term as counsellor.
3321:
882:
the office during those final weeks not only would he have been presiding beyond the end of his term as counsellor but also beyond the three-year term limit established by the 1776 Constitution. The official minutes of the
Council contain no indication that the president in any of these situations (Moore, Dickinson and Franklin, respectively) had formally left, relinquished or been removed from office; nonetheless during these periods the president
905:-Presidency—at least officially—even after leaving his seat on the Council. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania reports that Biddle's vice-presidential term extended to October 31, 1787, at which time Peter Muhlenberg succeeded him in that office. However, Biddle's term as counsellor from Berks County ended eighteen days earlier, on October 13, when he was succeeded in
643:). The longest vice-presidential term was that of George Bryan; he served over two and a half years, although he also served as de facto acting president for six months concurrent with his vice-presidential term. The shortest term was that of Matthew Smith, who served for twelve days in October 1779.
594:
contains a series of east-west streets named in honor of
Pennsylvania's presidents and early governors. Moving south on South 25th Street are Wharton, Reed and Dickinson Streets. (Bryan, never officially elected to the office, is omitted.) The next street south of Dickinson appears as Franklin Street
1368:
With the
Council set to be dissolved in December 1790, a provision of the new state constitution allowed counsellors and council officers whose terms would have expired that autumn to remain in office until December 21, rather than hold elections for new counsellors who would sit for only one or two
421:
president.) Several figure prominently in the history of
Pennsylvania, but none more so than Dr. Benjamin Franklin. His presidency was one of his last acts of public service, and he died less than two years after leaving office. Franklin was also the longest-serving president, having held the office
861:
During George Bryan's "term" as acting president, the office of president was, in fact, vacant—Thomas
Wharton died May 23, 1778, and an election to choose his successor was not held until December 1—due perhaps to the Council's evacuation to Lancaster during that time. At over seven months, Bryan's
893:
A similar situation occurred at the end of Joseph Reed's presidency. Reed was succeeded as counsellor from
Philadelphia County by John Bayard on October 16, 1781 but ostensibly remained president until William Moore took office on November 15. Yet no claims of an "acting presidency" have been made
881:
end of one presidency (due to term limits) and the formal election of a successor. Franklin, for instance, was succeeded as counsellor for the City of
Philadelphia by Samuel Miles on October 20, but his presidency officially did not end until November 5. If Franklin did indeed continue to exercise
428:
end of his term, suggesting that the aging
Franklin was not actively involved in affairs of state toward the end of his presidency. (This is certainly not a consensus view, as other sources report that all actions of the Council during his term had Franklin's approval, even if that meant convening
1353:
Counsellors were elected to represent each county in Pennsylvania as well as the city of Philadelphia. They were elected to three-year terms. Many served less than a full three, while others appear to have served slightly more. The Council sat year-round and there was no specific date set for the
1322:
until the day following his election. Section 40 of the 1776 Constitution stipulates: "Every officer, whether judicial, executive or military, in authority under this commonwealth, shall take the following…oath of office before he enters on the execution of his office," meaning that an individual
849:
With the exception of Bryan, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania makes no such distinction, and its listing of the state's early governors includes neither Potter, Biddle, nor Redick. (presidents of Pennsylvania are sometimes included in the listing of former governors). None of these men (including
1919:, rather than to an elected official.) The executive branch of the state government has been headed by a governor since that time. The 1790 Constitution made no provision for a lieutenant governor. Upon the death or resignation of the governor the office would be assumed by the Speaker of the
918:
The first election of a president and vice-president of Pennsylvania took place March 5, 1777, the day after the Council first convened. Thereafter, leadership elections took place in the fall, generally in November, following the popular election (held the second Tuesday in October) in which
1902:
A constitutional convention was called in 1789 and a new state constitution was adopted the following year. The 1790 Constitution did away with the Supreme Executive Council and vested supreme executive power in the office of governor. On December 21, 1790 Thomas Mifflin, the last
1369:
months. Also, a review of the dates on which a particular county's counsellors began their terms will reveal several instances in which more than three years elapsed between the start of successive terms. It is uncertain whether the seat technically became vacant after
1323:
could not assume the duties of his office before taking the necessary oath. Cross referencing the election dates above with the preceding listings of terms in office will thus reveal several slight discrepancies, all resulting from a delayed administration of the oath:
416:
Seven men served as president of the Supreme Executive Council. (One, George Bryan, was never elected to the position, but today is considered by the Commonwealth to have been a full-fledged governor of Pennsylvania, perhaps due to the length of his term as
1382:
The home counties of two early counsellors, John Evans and John Lowdan, has not yet been determined. Both were sitting when the Council first convened on March 4, 1777. It appears that one likely represented Chester County and the other
114:
executive branch of the Pennsylvanian state government between 1777 and 1790. It was headed by a president and a vice president (analogous to a governor and lieutenant governor, respectively). The best-known member of the Council was
1317:
Throughout the history of the Council it was standard practice for newly elected presidents and vice-presidents to take office immediately upon election. However, there were a few instances in which an individual did not take the
909:
office by James Read. Furthermore, Biddle was elected secretary of the Council on October 23, a clerical position that likely would not have been assumed by one who was also an officer of the Council and a high state official.
405:, ahead of the British occupation of Philadelphia in the fall of 1777—the last meeting in Philadelphia took place on September 23 and the first in Lancaster on October 1. The Council returned to Philadelphia June 26, 1778.
599:. A city ordinance of 1858 changed the name of Franklin Street to its current name, Tasker Street. Moore Street, out of sequence, follows after one intervening street (Morris). Moore is followed by Mifflin Street,
396:
The Supreme Executive Council formally convened March 4, 1777. The first president and vice-president were elected the following day. The Council sat in the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia, now known as
389:
The 1776 Constitution stipulated that the Council meet at the same time and location as the General Assembly. In practice, the Council sat year-round: there was no formal cycle of sessions (e.g.
869:
The situations of the three other "acting presidents" is less clear, although there are some similarities. In each instance the president was replaced—or due to be replaced—as his county's
289:
in other documents.) The president and vice-president of the Council were chosen from those twelve counsellors, elected to one-year terms by an annual joint ballot of the Council and the
429:
the Council at Franklin's home.) The shortest term was that of George Bryan, who served as acting president for just over six months. Although these men may be referred to properly as
2898:
270:
as those counties were established. Many of these counties occupied considerably different and often much larger territories in the late 18th century than they presently.
1373:
three years or if the incumbent's term extended to the start of his successor's, even if this meant exceeding the three-year term limit imposed by the 1776 Constitution.
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absent from council meetings, which were thus overseen by the vice-president. This suggests that any "interim administration" was established quietly and "
2585:
2413:
695:
516:
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elections of men who had already been sworn into office at the start of their previous term and which thus caused no delay. These are not noted here.
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2695:
2660:
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2002:
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401:. It met in what had been the Governor's Council Chamber during British rule. The Executive Council, along with the General Assembly, moved to
3362:
2720:
2675:
140:
2254:
2730:
1923:. (This position no longer exists.) The office of lieutenant governor was created by the 1873 State Constitution and first occupied (by
2620:
2575:
1600:
82:
152:
2700:
1647:
187:"For the present the supreme executive council of this state shall consist of twelve persons chosen in the following manner..."
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2031:
1708:
1526:
741:
711:
679:
2013:
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and the eleven counties existing at that time each elected a representative to sit on the Council. These eleven counties were
2640:
1405:
726:
608:
1788:
1563:
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803:
163:. The latter includes 47 sections, several of which deal with the formation and function of the Supreme Executive Council.
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2655:
2650:
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231:
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Street (the latter being Pennsylvania's second and third governors under the 1790 Constitution). Wharton Street borders
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Counsellors were elected to three-year terms; the terms were staggered so that one third would be contested each year. (
3357:
2745:
2249:
1733:
2133:
Minutes of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, from its organization to the termination of the Revolution.
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3226:
2755:
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2605:
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No reasons for the delays are noted in the minutes of the Council. Neither set of dates involved a conflict with the
434:
398:
235:
195:
128:
72:
437:, and they are often included in lists of those who have held the latter title. Presidents and vice-presidents were
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Ordinances and Joint Resolutions of the Select and Common Councils of the Consolidated City of Philadelphia, 1858
1541:
263:
251:
239:
215:
611:, although it is not clear if the park is named after Thomas Wharton or another member of his prominent family.
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Bryan) was given the title of acting president during his time in office—each continued to be addressed as
390:
259:
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199:
174:
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1999:
1920:
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132:
596:
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2705:
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2520:
2515:
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2186:
1911:
had been used during the Colonial era, although it referred to the appointed representative of the
1436:
501:
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2505:
2500:
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2445:
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402:
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170:
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1940:
631:
Similarly, the office of Vice-President of Pennsylvania is analogous to the modern office of
2953:
2808:
2475:
2470:
2460:
1765:
1498:
543:
8:
3325:
2788:
2615:
2234:
155:. The Constitution was adopted September 28 of the same year. The document included both
2295:
898:-Presidency during this interim period, immediately prior to his election as president.
2948:
2918:
2565:
2480:
2423:
2393:
2348:
1430:
858:
only after the fact. (And, regarding all but Bryan, the honor is strictly unofficial.)
635:. Of the ten men who held the office, two succeeded to the presidency (the first—Bryan—
591:
466:
370:
111:
34:
2893:
2833:
2818:
2803:
2798:
1566:(February 9, 1779; withdrew a few days later due to questions regarding his election)
1535:
1411:
612:
555:
116:
2028:
341:
277:
is the spelling used in the Constitution itself, although the word is also rendered
2933:
2848:
2300:
2135:. Harrisburg, Pub. by the State, 1852-53. Vol XI, pp 173-175; Vol XIII, pp 111-114.
2092:
2010:
1936:
1834:
772:
308:
2823:
2388:
2088:
2035:
2017:
2006:
1748:
1333:
James Potter, elected vice-president November 14, 1781, took office November 15.
393:) and no specific date for the start of term of councilors or council officers.
2958:
2873:
2853:
2403:
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1828:
1631:
1457:
1448:
1319:
757:
568:
531:
59:
3341:
2858:
2378:
600:
312:
198:(at that time a governmental entity distinct from the City of Philadelphia),
1330:
William Moore, elected president November 14, 1781, took office November 15.
354:
ensure that the laws and other acts of the General Assembly were carried out
2923:
2525:
2176:
1916:
1811:
1771:
1594:
1417:
1393:
788:
663:
604:
482:
318:
fill offices vacant due to death, resignation, removal, or disqualification
136:
1907:
of Pennsylvania, took office as the state's first governor. (The title of
2908:
2813:
2115:
1794:
1442:
328:
1327:
George Bryan, elected vice-president March 5, 1777, took office March 6.
866:
considered a full-fledged governor by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
2903:
2530:
824:
At least one source credits four vice-presidents with having served as
442:
1197:
October 10, 1785 meeting that elected Biddle to the vice-presidency.
380:
the Council was ordered to keep an accurate record of its proceedings
408:
The Council was replaced by a single governor on December 21, 1790.
887:
550:; he did not formally relinquish that title until January 12, 1783
547:
424:
374:
361:
and prohibit the export of any commodity (in certain circumstances)
334:
2057:
157:
A Declaration of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Commonwealth
1912:
1688:
seat vacant approximately one year due to election irregularities
1356:
358:
345:
178:
422:
for slightly over three years. There is some question about the
151:
on July 15, 1776, less than two weeks following adoption of the
2061:
834:
George Bryan (acting president May 23, 1778 – December 1, 1778)
349:
843:
David Redick (acting president October 14 – November 5, 1788)
597:
Barnes' New Map of the Consolidated City of Philadelphia, 1855
579:
became first governor of Pennsylvania under 1790 Constitution
1195:
Dickinson's name does not appear in council minutes after the
304:
108:
Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
26:
Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
1893:
Dr. John Wilkins Jr. (November 20, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
837:
James Potter (acting president October 8 – November 7, 1782)
2039:
1193:
it is not clear why a replacement for Dickinson was needed.
1800:
Nathaniel Breading (November 19, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
1312:
1854:
Christopher Kucher (November 1, 1787 – December 21, 1790)
1882:
Benjamin Elliott (December 30, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
2054:
Text of 1776, 1790, and 1838 Pennsylvania Constitutions
901:
Similarly, Charles Biddle appears to have retained the
1485:
Richard Willing (October 16, 1788 – December 21, 1790)
1470:
John Mackey (McKay, MacKay, Macky) (November 21, 1777)
1720:
William Wilson (October 23, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
1665:
Jonas Hartzell (October 20, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
1612:
Frederick Watt (October 26, 1787 – December 21, 1790)
840:
Charles Biddle (acting president October 10–18, 1785)
706:
became president of Council following his term as VP
1840:
Zebulon Potts (October 16, 1788 – December 21, 1790)
1817:
Abraham Smith (October 24, 1787 – December 21, 1790)
1695:
James Martin (November 12, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
1939:, a similar joint-executive arrangement during the
1777:
Henry Taylor (December 3, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
1705:
Capt. John Hambright (Hambidght) (November 4, 1777)
1266:to fill vacancy following Muhlenberg's resignation
324:
prepare business to present to the General Assembly
293:(the state legislature), usually held in November.
1943:possibly inspired by the Supreme Executive Council
1868:Lord Butler (October 30, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
1581:Samuel Edie (October 25, 1787 – December 21, 1790)
1575:Richard McCallister (McAlister) (October 26, 1784)
433:their office is analogous to the modern office of
299:The Council and its president were given power to
1964:and, where state affiliation was understood, The
1637:James Read (October 13, 1787 – December 21, 1790)
1510:Amos Gregg (October 21, 1788 – December 21, 1790)
3339:
2171:
819:
337:and remit fines (except in cases of impeachment)
1578:Andrew Bellmeyer (Billmeyer) (January 19, 1787)
1175:to fill vacancy following Irvine's resignation
1015:to fill vacancy following Bryan's resignation
3373:State executive councils of the United States
2157:
2093:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
1762:Dorsey (Dorset) Pentecost (November 19, 1781)
626:
1597:(McClean, M'Lean, McLean) (November 9, 1778)
1433:(March 4, 1777; died in office May 23, 1778)
1659:Stephen Balliot(Balliet) (November 3, 1783)
1341:. There were other instances that involved
2164:
2150:
119:, who also served as its sixth president.
2128:
2126:
2124:
1962:Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania
384:
369:the president of council was to serve as
1865:Col. Nathan Denison, Jr. (March 2, 1787)
411:
3368:Pennsylvania in the American Revolution
2022:
1993:
1751:(November 25, 1789 – December 21, 1790)
1606:John Buyers (Byers) (November 20, 1781)
1313:Discrepant dates and the oath of office
972:(note: only election held in Lancaster)
913:
3340:
2121:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2029:Text of 1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
2000:Text of 1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
1745:John Baird (Beard) (November 17, 1786)
1653:Jacob Arndt (Orndt) (November 8, 1777)
1550:(October 16, 1787 – December 21, 1790)
1460:(October 20, 1788 – December 21, 1790)
1420:(October 20, 1788 – December 21, 1790)
1376:
2145:
2062:California University of Pennsylvania
2049:
2047:
1742:Bernard Dougherty (November 11, 1783)
1739:Christopher Hayes (February 17, 1781)
873:before the completion of his term as
3363:Lieutenant governors of Pennsylvania
1897:
122:
2066:
623:, were named after John Dickinson.
83:Colonial Government of Pennsylvania
13:
2044:
1628:Sebastian Levan (October 31, 1781)
1532:James Cunningham (January 5, 1781)
1504:George Wall Jr. (October 29, 1782)
14:
3384:
1851:William Brown (November 14, 1785)
1717:William McClay (October 23, 1786)
1656:John VanCampen (November 4, 1780)
18:Former government of Pennsylvania
3319:
1622:Jacob Morgan (September 3, 1777)
1609:Jonathan Hoge (November 3, 1784)
1479:John McDowell (November 2, 1782)
496:President upon death of Wharton
73:Pennsylvania Constitution (1776)
2082:Prior Governors of Pennsylvania
1879:John Cannon (November 21, 1787)
1692:George Woods (November 1, 1787)
1675:Thomas Urie (November 14, 1777)
1662:Robert Trail (October 23, 1786)
147:. The convention began work in
2108:
2097:
1954:
1678:John Piper (November 17, 1780)
1591:Jonathan Hoge ( March 4, 1777)
1572:James Ewing (October 26, 1781)
1560:Jason Edgar (November 4, 1777)
1507:Samuel Dean (November 1, 1785)
1363:
1348:
862:tenure was such that today he
1:
1986:
1714:John Boyd (November 25, 1783)
1482:Evan Evans (October 28, 1785)
1454:Henry Hill (October 17, 1785)
53:Pennsylvania General Assembly
1730:John Proctor (March 4, 1777)
1569:Mr. Thompson (March 8, 1779)
1520:John Hubley (March 10, 1777)
391:110th United States Congress
327:serve as judges on cases of
321:correspond with other states
143:called at the urging of the
7:
2011:Pennsylvania State Archives
1930:
1684:(Mason) (November 12, 1783)
1495:Joseph Hart (July 23, 1777)
173:power shall be vested in a
161:Plan or Frame of Government
153:Declaration of Independence
10:
3389:
3348:Government of Pennsylvania
2034:November 26, 2007, at the
1523:John Bailey (June 2, 1777)
627:Vice-presidents of Council
431:Presidents of Pennsylvania
3358:Governors of Pennsylvania
3315:
2967:
2794:Allegheny National Forest
2779:
2701:North Huntingdon Township
2574:
2436:
2334:
2263:
2195:
2183:
1966:Supreme Executive Council
1625:James Read (July 1, 1778)
585:
141:constitutional convention
96:
88:
78:
68:
58:
48:
40:
30:
25:
2646:Lower Makefield Township
1947:
894:for Moore, who held the
3353:History of Pennsylvania
3326:Pennsylvania portal
2641:Lower Macungie Township
2359:Harrisburg–York–Lebanon
2118:, accessed May 1, 2007.
1709:Brig. Gen. James Potter
617:Dickinson School of Law
403:Lancaster, Pennsylvania
238:. Seats were added for
69:Constituting instrument
2914:Pennsylvania Highlands
2240:Notable Pennsylvanians
2116:Pennsylvania Governors
2005:June 21, 2004, at the
621:Carlisle, Pennsylvania
385:Meeting place and time
35:Directorial government
2751:Upper Merion Township
2656:Lower Paxton Township
2651:Lower Merion Township
2404:Scranton‑Wilkes-Barre
2016:May 23, 2006, at the
1941:French First Republic
1700:Northumberland County
412:Presidents of Council
2746:Upper Darby Township
2696:Northampton Township
2414:Washington-Baltimore
2087:May 1, 2007, at the
1388:City of Philadelphia
914:Leadership elections
590:The neighborhood of
315:, and other officers
145:Continental Congress
2789:Allegheny Mountains
2756:Warminster Township
2741:Tredyffrin Township
2671:Middletown Township
2606:Cheltenham Township
2354:Harrisburg–Carlisle
2255:Tourist attractions
1774:(November 20, 1786)
1768:(November 11, 1783)
1736:(November 29, 1777)
1725:Westmoreland County
1711:(November 16, 1780)
1603:(December 28, 1779)
1544:(December 22, 1784)
1499:Gen. John Lacey Jr.
1439:(November 24, 1778)
1425:Philadelphia County
1377:List of counsellors
820:"Acting" presidents
639:, the second—Moore—
633:Lieutenant Governor
609:Wharton Square Park
377:forces of the state
110:was the collective
2949:Susquehanna Valley
2919:Pennsylvania Wilds
2766:Whitehall Township
2676:Millcreek Township
2636:Hempfield Township
2631:Haverford Township
2611:Cranberry Township
1960:Also known as The
1837:(October 24, 1785)
1831:(October 15, 1784)
1814:(February 2, 1785)
1797:(November 2, 1786)
1791:(November 6, 1784)
1642:Northampton County
1634:(October 30, 1784)
1538:(October 21, 1783)
1527:Col. Matthew Smith
1501:(October 28, 1779)
1476:(October 23, 1779)
1474:Dr. Joseph Gardner
1451:(November 4, 1782)
1445:(October 16, 1781)
1414:(October 17, 1785)
1408:(October 14, 1782)
1402:(October 18, 1779)
592:South Philadelphia
467:Thomas Wharton Jr.
371:commander in chief
3333:
3332:
2894:North Penn Valley
2834:Endless Mountains
2819:Cumberland Valley
2804:Bald Eagle Valley
2799:Allegheny Plateau
2591:Bensalem Township
2586:Abington Township
1970:Executive Council
1898:1790 Constitution
1873:Huntingdon County
1822:Montgomery County
1766:Gen. John Neville
1756:Washington County
1586:Cumberland County
1536:Samuel John Atlee
1412:Benjamin Franklin
1310:
1309:
1289:November 11, 1789
1241:Benjamin Franklin
1224:Benjamin Franklin
1206:Benjamin Franklin
1184:Benjamin Franklin
1112:James Potter (34)
1104:James Potter (32)
1068:November 14, 1781
1060:General Lacey (1)
1050:William Moore (1)
1042:November 14, 1780
1020:November 11, 1779
957:November 21, 1777
952:initial election
826:acting presidents
817:
816:
811:December 21, 1790
716:November 15, 1781
703:November 14, 1781
700:November 11, 1779
613:Dickinson College
583:
582:
576:December 21, 1790
563:November 5, 1788
556:Benjamin Franklin
521:November 15, 1781
509:November 15, 1781
399:Independence Hall
309:attorneys general
129:1776 Constitution
123:1776 Constitution
117:Benjamin Franklin
104:
103:
3380:
3324:
3323:
3322:
2939:Ridge and Valley
2934:Pocono Mountains
2849:Laurel Highlands
2661:Manheim Township
2626:Hampden Township
2601:Bristol Township
2166:
2159:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2079:
2064:
2051:
2042:
2026:
2020:
1997:
1980:
1958:
1937:French Directory
1887:Allegheny County
1835:Peter Muhlenberg
1601:Robert Whitehill
1515:Lancaster County
1306:annual election
1284:annual election
1271:November 5, 1788
1255:October 14, 1788
1250:annual election
1246:Peter Muhlenberg
1237:October 31, 1787
1220:November 4, 1786
1215:annual election
1202:October 29, 1785
1180:October 18, 1785
1164:October 10, 1785
1159:annual election
1142:November 6, 1784
1137:annual election
1120:November 6, 1783
1115:annual election
1096:November 7, 1782
1091:annual election
1088:James Ewing (28)
1078:James Potter (1)
1063:annual election
1058:James Potter (6)
1037:annual election
1004:October 11, 1779
999:annual election
986:George Bryan (1)
978:December 1, 1778
970:annual election
922:
921:
856:Acting President
808:November 5, 1788
796:November 5, 1788
793:October 14, 1788
780:October 14, 1788
777:October 31, 1787
773:Peter Muhlenberg
765:October 31, 1787
762:October 10, 1785
749:October 10, 1785
746:November 6, 1784
734:November 6, 1784
731:November 7, 1782
719:November 7, 1782
687:October 23, 1779
684:October 11, 1779
671:October 11, 1779
646:
645:
573:November 5, 1788
560:October 18, 1785
539:October 18, 1785
536:November 7, 1782
524:November 7, 1782
506:December 1, 1778
490:December 1, 1778
449:
448:
291:General Assembly
139:was framed by a
23:
22:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3320:
3318:
3311:
2963:
2864:Mahoning Valley
2824:Delaware Valley
2775:
2731:Spring Township
2726:Shaler Township
2716:Ridley Township
2711:Radnor Township
2577:
2570:
2432:
2330:
2259:
2191:
2179:
2170:
2140:
2139:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2089:Wayback Machine
2080:
2067:
2052:
2045:
2040:Yale Law School
2036:Wayback Machine
2027:
2023:
2018:Wayback Machine
2007:Wayback Machine
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1933:
1900:
1889:(erected 1788)
1875:(erected 1787)
1861:(erected 1786)
1847:(erected 1785)
1824:(erected 1784)
1807:(erected 1784)
1805:Franklin County
1784:(erected 1783)
1758:(erected 1781)
1749:William Findley
1650:(March 4, 1777)
1396:(March 4, 1777)
1379:
1366:
1351:
1315:
1302:
1295:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1155:
1148:
1133:
1126:
1111:
1103:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1076:James Ewing (1)
1075:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1033:
1026:
996:Joseph Hart (1)
995:
987:
985:
916:
854:and was titled
822:
629:
588:
477:died in office
414:
387:
125:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3331:
3330:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3217:Northumberland
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2959:Wyoming Valley
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2874:Nittany Valley
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Lebanon Valley
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2621:Falls Township
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2578:municipalities
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2438:Largest cities
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:Climate change
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2120:
2107:
2096:
2065:
2043:
2021:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1932:
1929:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1859:Luzerne County
1856:
1855:
1852:
1845:Dauphin County
1842:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:Daniel Hiester
1819:
1818:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1782:Fayette County
1779:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:Bedford County
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:Charles Biddle
1629:
1626:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1542:John Whitehill
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:(May 28, 1778)
1524:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1465:Chester County
1462:
1461:
1458:Thomas Mifflin
1455:
1452:
1449:John Dickinson
1446:
1440:
1434:
1431:Joseph Wharton
1422:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1350:
1347:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1320:oath of office
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1297:
1293:Thomas Mifflin
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1275:Thomas Mifflin
1272:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:Charles Biddle
1226:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1211:Charles Biddle
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:Charles Biddle
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1146:John Dickinson
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1124:John Dickinson
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1105:
1100:John Dickinson
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1081:
1080:John Lacey (1)
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
989:
988:James Read (1)
979:
975:
974:
968:
963:
961:Thomas Wharton
958:
954:
953:
950:
945:
943:Thomas Wharton
940:
936:
935:
932:
931:Vice-President
929:
926:
915:
912:
888:off the record
852:Vice-President
847:
846:
845:
844:
841:
838:
835:
821:
818:
815:
814:
812:
809:
806:
800:
799:
797:
794:
791:
785:
784:
781:
778:
775:
769:
768:
766:
763:
760:
758:Charles Biddle
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
738:
737:
735:
732:
729:
723:
722:
720:
717:
714:
708:
707:
704:
701:
698:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:Vice-President
628:
625:
587:
584:
581:
580:
577:
574:
571:
569:Thomas Mifflin
565:
564:
561:
558:
552:
551:
540:
537:
534:
532:John Dickinson
528:
527:
525:
522:
519:
513:
512:
510:
507:
504:
498:
497:
491:
488:
485:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
456:
453:
443:His Excellency
413:
410:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
365:Additionally:
363:
362:
355:
352:
338:
331:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:naval officers
232:Northumberland
124:
121:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
44:Disestablished
42:
38:
37:
32:
28:
27:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:South Central
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:North Central
2887:
2885:
2884:Northern Tier
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Lehigh Valley
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:Dutch Country
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2771:York Township
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:State College
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Ross Township
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:State College
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Lehigh Valley
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1648:George Taylor
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:William Moore
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1073:
1072:William Moore
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1054:William Moore
1052:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:William Moore
1029:
1027:William Moore
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:Matthew Smith
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
983:
980:
977:
976:
973:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
956:
955:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:March 5, 1777
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
920:
911:
908:
904:
899:
897:
891:
889:
885:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
859:
857:
853:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:
831:
830:
829:
827:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
705:
702:
699:
697:
696:William Moore
694:
693:
689:
686:
683:
681:
680:Matthew Smith
678:
677:
673:
670:
668:March 6, 1777
667:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
652:Start of term
651:
648:
647:
644:
642:
638:
634:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
578:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
526:
523:
520:
518:
517:William Moore
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
471:March 5, 1777
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
457:
455:Start of term
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
426:
420:
409:
406:
404:
400:
394:
392:
379:
376:
372:
368:
367:
366:
360:
356:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
330:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:
300:
298:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
169:"The supreme
168:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
120:
118:
113:
109:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:
33:
29:
24:
21:
16:
3335:
3317:
3297:Westmoreland
3227:Philadelphia
2924:Penns Valley
2879:Northeastern
2844:Happy Valley
2839:Great Valley
2761:West Chester
2561:Williamsport
2556:Wilkes-Barre
2526:Philadelphia
2419:Williamsport
2389:Philadelphia
2296:Demographics
2185:
2177:Pennsylvania
2173:Commonwealth
2132:
2110:
2099:
2024:
1995:
1977:
1973:
1972:, or simply
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1921:State Senate
1908:
1904:
1901:
1886:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1844:
1843:
1821:
1820:
1812:James McLene
1804:
1803:
1781:
1780:
1772:David Redick
1755:
1754:
1734:Thomas Scott
1724:
1723:
1699:
1698:
1687:
1682:Isaac Meason
1669:
1668:
1641:
1640:
1617:Berks County
1616:
1615:
1595:James McLene
1585:
1584:
1554:
1553:
1514:
1513:
1490:Bucks County
1489:
1488:
1464:
1463:
1424:
1423:
1418:Samuel Miles
1406:James Irvine
1394:George Bryan
1387:
1386:
1370:
1367:
1355:
1352:
1342:
1336:
1316:
1299:
1292:
1279:
1274:
1262:David Redick
1261:
1245:
1240:
1228:
1223:
1210:
1205:
1183:
1170:
1156:John Neville
1153:James Irvine
1152:
1149:John Neville
1145:
1130:
1123:
1107:
1099:
1084:James Potter
1083:
1071:
1053:
1045:
1030:
1023:
1010:
992:George Bryan
991:
981:
971:
966:George Bryan
965:
960:
948:George Bryan
947:
942:
917:
906:
902:
900:
895:
892:
883:
878:
874:
870:
868:
863:
860:
855:
851:
848:
825:
823:
789:David Redick
742:James Irvine
712:James Potter
664:George Bryan
640:
636:
630:
603:Street, and
589:
493:
487:May 23, 1778
483:George Bryan
474:May 23, 1778
441:
430:
423:
418:
415:
407:
395:
388:
364:
344:in cases of
296:
295:
286:
282:
278:
274:
272:
236:Westmoreland
196:Philadelphia
192:Philadelphia
190:The city of
189:
184:
183:
166:
165:
160:
156:
149:Philadelphia
137:Pennsylvania
133:Commonwealth
126:
107:
105:
20:
15:
3262:Susquehanna
3212:Northampton
2909:Oley Valley
2899:Ohio Valley
2814:Coal Region
2686:Mt. Lebanon
2681:Monroeville
2596:Bethel Park
2336:Metro areas
2316:LGBT rights
2276:Agriculture
2245:State parks
2210:Delegations
2114:listing of
1978:The Council
1927:) in 1875.
1795:John Smilie
1564:James Ewing
1555:York County
1548:George Ross
1443:John Bayard
1437:Joseph Reed
1364:Term limits
1349:Counsellors
1303:(unanimous)
1300:George Ross
1296:(unanimous)
1280:George Ross
1187:(unanimous)
1134:(unanimous)
1131:James Ewing
1127:(unanimous)
1108:James Ewing
1046:Joseph Reed
1024:Joseph Reed
982:Joseph Reed
804:George Ross
727:James Ewing
655:End of term
542:previously
502:Joseph Reed
458:End of term
329:impeachment
297:Section 20:
283:counsellors
279:councillors
275:Counsellors
224:Northampton
185:Section 19:
112:directorial
60:Term length
3342:Categories
3287:Washington
3242:Schuylkill
3202:Montgomery
3147:Lackawanna
3127:Huntingdon
3077:Cumberland
3057:Clearfield
2904:Oil Region
2809:Blue Ridge
2706:Penn Hills
2691:Norristown
2666:McCandless
2536:Pottsville
2531:Pittsburgh
2521:New Castle
2516:McKeesport
2491:Harrisburg
2486:Greensburg
2394:Pittsburgh
2215:Government
2187:Harrisburg
1987:References
1925:John Latta
1917:Proprietor
1789:John Woods
1034:James Read
871:Counsellor
619:, both in
287:councilors
264:Huntingdon
252:Montgomery
240:Washington
216:Cumberland
167:Section 3:
49:Reports to
3152:Lancaster
3137:Jefferson
2987:Armstrong
2982:Allegheny
2869:Main Line
2506:Lancaster
2501:Johnstown
2456:Bethlehem
2446:Allentown
2369:Lancaster
2364:Johnstown
2306:Education
2225:Geography
2190:(capital)
2091:from the
2058:Jim Means
2038:from the
2009:from the
1905:President
928:President
875:President
783:resigned
752:resigned
690:resigned
674:resigned
544:President
452:President
359:embargoes
342:reprieves
268:Allegheny
208:Lancaster
175:president
171:executive
97:Abolished
89:Formation
79:Precursor
3257:Sullivan
3252:Somerset
3177:Lycoming
3157:Lawrence
3112:Franklin
3087:Delaware
3072:Crawford
3067:Columbia
3012:Bradford
2969:Counties
2929:Piedmont
2546:Scranton
2496:Hazleton
2384:New York
2321:Politics
2311:Gambling
2271:Abortion
2085:Archived
2032:Archived
2014:Archived
2003:Archived
1931:See also
1909:governor
934:Purpose
879:de facto
637:de facto
615:and the
548:Delaware
435:governor
425:de facto
375:military
303:appoint
248:Franklin
3302:Wyoming
3277:Venango
3207:Montour
3192:Mifflin
3172:Luzerne
3162:Lebanon
3142:Juniata
3132:Indiana
3102:Fayette
3082:Dauphin
3062:Clinton
3052:Clarion
3047:Chester
3032:Cameron
3027:Cambria
2997:Bedford
2954:Western
2781:Regions
2576:Largest
2551:Sunbury
2541:Reading
2511:Lebanon
2466:Chester
2451:Altoona
2428:Hanover
2399:Reading
2374:Lebanon
2344:Altoona
2301:Economy
2286:Culture
2264:Society
2250:Symbols
2230:Geology
2220:History
2205:Outline
1974:Council
1915:or the
1913:monarch
1371:exactly
1357:Esquire
1339:sabbath
641:de jure
373:of the
346:treason
335:pardons
260:Luzerne
256:Dauphin
244:Fayette
228:Bedford
200:Chester
179:council
131:of the
3282:Warren
3247:Snyder
3237:Potter
3197:Monroe
3187:Mercer
3182:McKean
3167:Lehigh
3122:Greene
3117:Fulton
3107:Forest
3042:Centre
3037:Carbon
3022:Butler
2992:Beaver
2476:Easton
2471:DuBois
2461:Butler
2326:Sports
2197:Topics
1968:, The
658:Notes
605:Snyder
601:McKean
586:Legacy
494:Acting
461:Notes
439:styled
419:acting
350:murder
340:grant
333:grant
305:judges
285:, and
266:, and
234:, and
159:and a
64:1 year
41:Status
3292:Wayne
3272:Union
3267:Tioga
3222:Perry
3017:Bucks
3007:Blair
3002:Berks
2977:Adams
2616:Darby
2291:Crime
2056:from
1948:Notes
1383:York.
1086:(38)
1074:(64)
220:Berks
204:Bucks
3307:York
3232:Pike
3097:Erie
2566:York
2481:Erie
2424:York
2349:Erie
1110:(39)
1102:(41)
1056:(53)
1048:(59)
994:(62)
984:(61)
925:Date
907:that
903:Vice
896:Vice
357:lay
348:and
212:York
177:and
127:The
106:The
100:1790
92:1777
31:Type
3092:Elk
2235:Law
2175:of
1976:or
890:".
884:was
595:on
546:of
181:."
135:of
3344::
2123:^
2068:^
2060:,
2046:^
1360:.
1343:re
864:is
828::
311:,
307:,
281:,
262:,
258:,
254:,
250:,
246:,
242:,
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
202:,
2426:-
2165:e
2158:t
2151:v
1258:–
1190:–
1167:–
1007:–
445:.
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