223:
28:
284:
No clear examples have been described as yet, of fast ion conductors in the hypothetical advanced superionic conductors class (areas 7 and 8 in the classification plot). However, in crystal structure of several superionic conductors, e.g. in the minerals of the pearceite-polybasite group, the large
398:, this modification has a layered structure with open galleries separated by pillars. Sodium ions (Na) migrate through this material readily since the oxide framework provides an ionophilic, non-reducible medium. This material is considered as the sodium ion conductor for the
441:(AgI). Upon heating the solid to 146 °C, this material adopts the alpha-polymorph. In this form, the iodide ions form a rigid cubic framework, and the Ag+ centers are molten. The electrical conductivity of the solid increases by 4000x. Similar behavior is observed for
1128:
Syzdek, J. A.; Armand, M.; Marcinek, M.; Zalewska, A.; Żukowska, G. Y.; Wieczorek, W. A. A. (2010). "Detailed studies on the fillers modification and their influence on composite, poly(oxyethylene)-based polymeric electrolytes".
347:, but in YSZ, the conductivity of oxide increases dramatically. These materials are used to allow oxygen to move through the solid in certain kinds of fuel cells. Zirconium dioxide can also be doped with
1001:
Akin, Mert; Wang, Yuchen; Qiao, Xiaoyao; Yan, Zhiwei; Zhou, Xiangyang (20 September 2020). "Effect of relative humidity on the reaction kinetics in rubidium silver iodide based all-solid-state battery".
82:. As solid electrolytes they allow the movement of ions without the need for a liquid or soft membrane separating the electrodes. The phenomenon relies on the hopping of ions through an otherwise rigid
757:
Akin, Mert; Wang, Yuchen; Qiao, Xiaoyao; Yan, Zhiwei; Zhou, Xiangyang (September 2020). "Effect of relative humidity on the reaction kinetics in rubidium silver iodide based all-solid-state battery".
580:
909:
Bindi, L.; Evain M. (2006). "Fast ion conduction character and ionic phase-transitions in disordered crystals: the complex case of the minerals of the pearceite– polybasite group".
650:
1101:
Perzyna, K.; Borkowska, R.; Syzdek, J. A.; Zalewska, A.; Wieczorek, W. A. A. (2011). "The effect of additive of Lewis acid type on lithium–gel electrolyte characteristics".
498:
422:
951:
Shriver, D. F.; Atkins, P. W.; Overton, T. L.; Rourke, J. P.; Weller, M. T.; Armstrong, F. A. “Inorganic
Chemistry” W. H. Freeman, New York, 2006.
1205:
716:
The important case of fast ionic conduction is one in a surface space-charge layer of ionic crystals. Such conduction was first predicted by
874:
Despotuli, A.L.; Andreeva, A.V. (January 2009). "A Short Review on Deep-Sub-Voltage
Nanoelectronics and Related Technologies".
985:
1076:
17:
859:
Alexander
Despotuli; Alexandra Andreeva (2007). "High-capacity capacitors for 0.5 voltage nanoelectronics of the future".
355:
in automobile controls. Upon doping only a few percent, the diffusion constant of oxide increases by a factor of ~1000.
506:
1210:
956:
794:"Greatly enhanced energy density of all‐solid‐state rechargeable battery operating in high humidity environments"
391:
219:
systematic diagram distinguishing the different types of solid-state ionic conductors is given in the figure.
173:
825:
Stuhrmann C.H.J.; Kreiterling H.; Funke K. (2002). "Ionic Hall effect measured in rubidium silver iodide".
251:
1162:
587:
78:. These materials are useful in batteries and various sensors. Fast ion conductors are used primarily in
313:
1038:
102:
which have no regular structure and fully mobile ions. Solid electrolytes find use in all solid-state
399:
478:
418:
317:
446:
425:
exhibits a continuous growth of conductivity on heating. This property was first discovered by
177:
130:
can be any value, but it should be much larger than the electronic one. Usually, solids where σ
977:
410:
107:
79:
1171:
918:
883:
395:
59:
8:
1158:"Space-charge layer and distribution of lattice defects at the surface of ionic crystals"
684:
1175:
922:
887:
792:
Wang, Yuchen; Akin, Mert; Qiao, Xiaoyao; Yan, Zhiwei; Zhou, Xiangyang (September 2021).
222:
1019:
934:
774:
688:
494:
67:
1054:
834:
1058:
1023:
981:
952:
778:
720:. As a space-charge layer has nanometer thickness, the effect is directly related to
483:
329:
83:
48:
1142:
1114:
1015:
938:
770:
1179:
1138:
1110:
1050:
1011:
969:
926:
891:
830:
805:
766:
705:
655:
442:
150:
142:
32:
1080:
737:
693:
426:
196:
115:
176:. The most famous example of advanced superionic conductor-solid electrolyte is
134:
is on the order of 0.0001 to 0.1 Ω cm (300 K) are called superionic conductors.
673:
474:
242:) diagram. Regions 2, 4, 6 and 8 are solid electrolytes (SEs), materials with σ
103:
40:
36:
930:
895:
1199:
1062:
725:
438:
352:
348:
258:> 0.001 Ωcm. 5 and 6 are advanced superionic conductors (AdSICs), where σ
27:
717:
146:
165:
is more than 0.1 Ω cm (300 K) and the activation energy for ion transport
99:
254:(MIECs). 3 and 4 are superionic conductors (SICs), i.e. materials with σ
98:
solids which possess a regular structure with immobile ions, and liquid
721:
490:
1184:
1157:
1037:
Matsumoto, Hiroshige; Miyake, Takako; Iwahara, Hiroyasu (2001-05-01).
847:
824:
858:
126:
In solid electrolytes (glasses or crystals), the ionic conductivity σ
111:
810:
793:
850:Высокоёмкие конденсаторы для 0,5 вольтовой наноэлектроники будущего
724:(nanoionics-I). Lehovec's effect is used as a basis for developing
697:
363:
359:
95:
652:(hydrogen uranyl phosphate tetrahydrate) – conductive for H ions
701:
1100:
285:
structural fragments with activation energy of ion transport
56:
1127:
677:
669:
635:
615:
602:
565:
542:
529:
63:
94:
Fast ion conductors are intermediate in nature between
1036:
226:
Classification of solid-state ionic conductors by the
590:
509:
335:. Oxide ions typically migrate only slowly in solid Y
390:Another example of a popular fast ion conductor is
848:Александр Деспотули; Александра Андреева (2007).
644:
575:{\displaystyle {\ce {Zr(HPO4)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}
574:
269:about 0.1 eV. 7 and 8 are hypothetical AdSIC with
968:
873:
145:are a special class of solid electrolytes, where
1197:
1000:
791:
756:
728:for portable lithium batteries and fuel cells.
486:, conductive for Cl ions at higher temperatures
149:act as charge carriers. One notable example is
66:. These materials are important in the area of
437:A textbook example of a fast ion conductor is
1155:
1039:"Chloride ion conduction in PbCl2-PbO system"
908:
468:
362:function as ion conductors. One example is
351:to give an oxide conductor that is used in
307:
405:
1183:
809:
624:
417:) is conductive for F ions, used in some
867:
798:International Journal of Energy Research
221:
156:
26:
477:, conductive for Ag ions, used in some
299:T (300 К) had been discovered in 2006.
262:> 10 Ωcm (300 K), energy activation
211:10 cm/(V•s) at room temperatures. The σ
14:
1206:Electric and magnetic fields in matter
1198:
1077:"The Roll-to-Roll Battery Revolution"
683:A salt dissolved in a polymer – e.g.
550:
876:International Journal of Nanoscience
662:
645:{\displaystyle {\ce {UO2HPO4.4H2O}}}
316:, YSZ. This material is prepared by
172:is small (about 0.1 eV), are called
137:
1069:
24:
382:), a sodium super-ionic conductor
25:
1222:
121:
1149:
1143:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.025
1121:
1115:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.014
1094:
1030:
1016:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136779
771:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136779
385:
994:
962:
945:
902:
841:
818:
785:
750:
680:, etc. are fast ion conductors
532:
516:
392:beta-alumina solid electrolyte
312:A common solid electrolyte is
174:advanced superionic conductors
13:
1:
1055:10.1016/S0025-5408(01)00593-1
835:10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00470-8
743:
252:mixed ion-electron conductors
161:Superionic conductors where σ
250:; regions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are
89:
7:
1163:Journal of Chemical Physics
1043:Materials Research Bulletin
731:
302:
230:(electronic conductivity, σ
197:Hall (drift) ionic mobility
10:
1227:
1079:. Ev World. Archived from
711:
432:
314:yttria-stabilized zirconia
114:, and in various kinds of
974:Chemistry of the Elements
972:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).
931:10.1007/s00269-006-0117-7
896:10.1142/S0219581X09006328
469:Other Inorganic materials
1211:Electrochemical concepts
856:(in Russian) (7): 24–29.
849:
479:ion selective electrodes
419:ion selective electrodes
308:Zirconia-based materials
70:, and are also known as
854:Современная Электроника
658:– conductive for O ions
582:– conductive for H ions
501:– conductive for O ions
406:Fluoride ion conductors
195:~10 Ω cm at 300 K. The
1156:Lehovec, Kurt (1953).
646:
576:
447:rubidium silver iodide
281:
238:(ionic conductivity, σ
80:solid oxide fuel cells
44:
978:Butterworth-Heinemann
970:Greenwood, Norman N.
647:
577:
411:Lanthanum trifluoride
400:sodium–sulfur battery
225:
157:Superionic conductors
76:superionic conductors
30:
882:(4&5): 389–402.
829:. 154–155: 109–112.
588:
507:
191:> 0.25 Ω cm and σ
18:Superionic conductor
1176:1953JChPh..21.1123L
1131:Electrochimica Acta
1103:Electrochimica Acta
1004:Electrochimica Acta
923:2006PCM....33..677B
888:2009IJN.....8..389D
804:(11): 16794–16805.
759:Electrochimica Acta
685:lithium perchlorate
637:
617:
604:
567:
544:
531:
394:. Unlike the usual
280:T ≈0.03 eV (300 К).
62:with highly mobile
53:fast ion conductors
861:Modern Electronics
827:Solid State Ionics
689:polyethylene oxide
642:
625:
605:
592:
572:
555:
519:
514:
499:strontium stannate
495:strontium titanate
423:Beta-lead fluoride
282:
72:solid electrolytes
68:solid state ionics
45:
1185:10.1063/1.1699148
987:978-0-08-037941-8
663:Organic materials
640:
628:
608:
595:
570:
558:
552:
522:
513:
484:Lead(II) chloride
358:Other conductive
143:Proton conductors
138:Proton conductors
84:crystal structure
49:materials science
16:(Redirected from
1218:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1170:(7): 1123–1128.
1153:
1147:
1146:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1049:(7): 1177–1184.
1034:
1028:
1027:
998:
992:
991:
976:(2nd ed.).
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960:
949:
943:
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865:
864:
857:
845:
839:
838:
822:
816:
815:
813:
789:
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694:Polyelectrolytes
656:Cerium(IV) oxide
651:
649:
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641:
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563:
556:
554:
553:
543:
540:
535:
530:
527:
520:
511:
443:copper(I) iodide
396:forms of alumina
210:
151:superionic water
116:chemical sensors
35:, specifically,
33:proton conductor
21:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
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1035:
1031:
999:
995:
988:
967:
963:
950:
946:
917:(10): 677–690.
911:Phys Chem Miner
907:
903:
872:
868:
851:
846:
842:
823:
819:
811:10.1002/er.6928
790:
786:
755:
751:
746:
738:Mixed conductor
734:
714:
674:polyacrylamides
665:
634:
629:
614:
609:
601:
596:
591:
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564:
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541:
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471:
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427:Michael Faraday
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104:supercapacitors
92:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1224:
1214:
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1208:
1192:
1191:
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1068:
1029:
993:
986:
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623:
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475:Silver sulfide
470:
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458:
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353:oxygen sensors
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139:
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131:
127:
123:
122:Classification
120:
91:
88:
41:electric field
39:, in a static
37:superionic ice
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1223:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
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1181:
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1159:
1152:
1144:
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1136:
1132:
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1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1083:on 2011-07-10
1082:
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1025:
1021:
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989:
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957:0-7167-4878-9
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726:nanomaterials
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500:
496:
492:
488:
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482:
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476:
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466:
448:
444:
440:
439:silver iodide
430:
428:
424:
420:
412:
403:
401:
397:
393:
383:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
349:calcium oxide
334:
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288:
276:
272:
265:
253:
237:
229:
224:
220:
198:
186:
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152:
148:
147:hydrogen ions
144:
135:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
87:
85:
81:
77:
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69:
65:
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50:
42:
38:
34:
29:
19:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:the original
1071:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1007:
1003:
996:
973:
964:
947:
914:
910:
904:
879:
875:
869:
860:
853:
843:
826:
820:
801:
797:
787:
762:
758:
752:
718:Kurt Lehovec
715:
436:
409:
389:
386:beta-Alumina
357:
311:
293:
286:
283:
274:
270:
263:
235:
227:
166:
160:
141:
125:
100:electrolytes
93:
75:
71:
52:
46:
1137:(4): 1314.
863:(7): 24–29.
706:H conductor
493:ceramics –
96:crystalline
1200:Categories
1087:2010-08-20
1010:: 136779.
765:: 136779.
744:References
722:nanoionics
491:perovskite
343:and in ZrO
207:is about 2
112:fuel cells
60:conductors
1109:: 58–65.
1063:0025-5408
1024:225553692
779:225553692
619:⋅
546:⋅
457:), and Ag
108:batteries
90:Mechanism
939:95315848
732:See also
698:Ionomers
360:ceramics
303:Examples
1172:Bibcode
919:Bibcode
884:Bibcode
712:History
700:– e.g.
672:, such
445:(CuI),
433:Iodides
364:NASICON
199:in RbAg
187:where σ
1061:
1022:
984:
955:
937:
777:
702:Nafion
318:doping
110:, and
1020:S2CID
935:S2CID
775:S2CID
668:Many
489:Some
449:(RbAg
366:, (Na
328:into
292:<
57:solid
1059:ISSN
982:ISBN
953:ISBN
704:, a
696:and
678:agar
670:gels
413:(LaF
273:i ≈
234:) –
178:RbAg
74:and
64:ions
55:are
1180:doi
1139:doi
1111:doi
1051:doi
1012:doi
1008:355
927:doi
892:doi
831:doi
806:doi
767:doi
763:355
687:in
607:HPO
521:HPO
461:HgI
330:ZrO
246:≫ σ
215:– σ
47:In
1202::
1178:.
1168:21
1166:.
1160:.
1135:55
1133:.
1107:57
1105:.
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1018:.
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980:.
933:.
925:.
915:33
913:.
890:.
878:.
852:.
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800:.
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676:,
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512:Zr
497:,
465:.
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380:12
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374:Si
370:Zr
236:lg
228:lg
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1182::
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332:2
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297:B
294:k
290:i
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