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320:, writing six decades afterwards, as he had access to administrative documents that are unavailable to historians today. The manual labour needed for construction must have been partly depleted by the ongoing ravages of the plague, yet this does not appear to have been the main challenge. Maqrizi mentions that the construction of the mosque cost 30,000 dirham every day. The total construction costs amounted to over one million dinars, making it the most expensive mosque in medieval Cairo. Even the Sultan is said to have become discouraged at times by the cost of the project. Financing for the mosque was made possible by a few factors: first, the austerity measures implemented by Manjaq, one of the amirs in charge of state affairs before Sultan Hasan reached maturity; secondly, the influx of wealth to the state caused by the plague-related deaths of many
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section of stone cladding appears to be missing. Other bands of stone-carved decoration were only partially executed. For example, at the foot of the decorative niche on the left side of the portal one arabesque medallion was carved on the left while the one on the right was not. (This is also a rare demonstration of the steps in the stone-carving process: it is likely that a master craftsman drew the outlines of the pattern into the stone and that apprentices were later responsible for carving it out; in this case, the second step was not completed.) Some of the carved patterns, even if unfinished, are themselves notable; for example, there are floral
384:, took refuge inside the mosque in an attempt to evade capture by the victorious Ottoman army as it took control of Cairo, resulting in the Ottomans bombarding the mosque with cannonballs from the Citadel. In 1660, chronicles described the mausoleum's dome as still being full of holes made by cannonballs. Even in the 18th century, during the period of Ottoman control, the mosque was apparently closed for many years after unrest in 1736, and was only reopened in 1786 by order of Salim Agha. Some of these demolition attempts, however, drew criticism from Cairo's population and authorities were often subsequently pressured into repairing damages.
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536:), which were almost certainly an inspiration. This would have given the mosque a total of four minarets, which would have been unprecedented in Islamic architecture in Egypt. However, in 1361, during construction, one of those minarets toppled and killed around 300 people, including children in the primary school below. After this, the builders abandoned their construction, leaving only the two minarets adjacent to the mausoleum that we see today.
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473:-shaped crenelations also ran along the whole length at the very top edge of the walls, but today it is only preserved around the mausoleum's walls on the southeastern side. The southeastern or Citadel-facing walls of the mosque and mausoleum have windows framed by more elaborate stone decoration in various patterns. The triangular-shaped spaces above the bottom windows here were once filled with geometric
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also made of wood, despite the heavy buttressed walls of the chamber being able to support something heavier. However, the original dome had a very different shape. An
Italian traveler in the early 17th century described it as being shaped like an egg; more specifically, it started narrow at the bottom then swelled out like a bulb, before finishing in a pointed tip.
1031:) once stood on this side, as well as a set of latrines and ablutions fountains. A row of arched rooms or units is also visible, and may have been used for shops as part of a weapons market. There was also a rectangular pool and a waterwheel, probably part of a pre-existing water aqueduct system which brought water to the royal stables of the Citadel.
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members of the public and a greater measure of privacy or tranquility was desired for the students. Each madrasa courtyard also had its own smaller iwan used for prayers and oriented towards the qibla (direction of prayer), which was decorated by a stucco inscription band much like the one in the great qibla-side iwan of the main mosque.
457:, which is to the southeast of Cairo. The building's southwestern and northeastern facades (its longer sides) are marked by vertical rows of eight windows each (spread across four stories inside) which are a unique feature that helps to visually emphasize the structure's height. The top edge of the exterior facades are crowned by a thick
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one collapsed in 1659 and was rebuilt in its current form in 1671-72. The original northern minaret was said to be more monumental, and its summit was "double-headed"; in other words, it culminated in two lantern structures (instead of the usual one), a feature that reappeared much later in the minaret of Sultan
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stonework, bands of stone inscriptions, and colored mosaics. It is possible that the other iwans were intended to be decorated too but were never finished. Additionally, a marked-out but empty band running along the top edge of the entire courtyard, above the iwans, may have been intended for another
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The decoration of the portal was apparently never finished. There are many examples of stone carvings whose initial outlines were drawn into the stone but were never carved out. The broad and impressive muqarnas canopy over the doorway does not appear to be fully carved out either, while above this a
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In any case, the dismantling of the pyramid began before 1250. For example, the historian Abd al-Latif tells us that the small pyramids were torn down during the time of the sultan
Saladin (1175-1193). The stones were used for building dams, for instance. Around the middle of the fourteenth century,
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The dome of the mausoleum chamber, visible from outside and from the
Citadel, is no longer original but was replaced with the current one in 1671. This might have been due to damage from the fallen minaret in 1659 or from cannonballs fired from the Citadel in times of conflict. The original dome was
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wall of the mosque, meaning it stood in the direction towards which
Muslims in the mosque would pray. This is something not found in any other Mamluk religious building, though there is apparently no evidence that this was seen as controversial at the time. This layout had the consequence of making
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During the medieval era, an open square, known as
Rumayla, lay between the mosque and the Citadel. Today, the square is occupied by a large traffic circle and has been renamed Salah ad-Din Square. The square and the former hippodrome nearby (on the southwestern side of the Citadel) were historically
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and because of its massive and sturdy construction, it was used on more than one occasion as a fortified position or as a platform from which to launch attacks on the
Citadel. Al-Maqrizi, noted that "as soon as there occurred strife between the people the state, a number of amirs and others ascended
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Muhammad ibn Biylik al-Muhsini as the supervisor of the construction of the mosque. Unusually, his name was placed near Sultan Hasan's in the inscription, which demonstrates how important the undertaking of the project must have been. The amir's high standing otherwise was another indication of this
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Floor plan of the mosque-madrasa. At the middle is the large central courtyard. The domed mausoleum is at the top (southeastern) end. The entrance (with a domed vestibule chamber) is at the bottom-left (northeastern) corner. The smaller passages and rooms at the corners of the central courtyard are
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The mosque today has two minarets flanking the mausoleum chamber on the southeastern side of the structure. The southern one of this pair, which is still in its original form, is the highest minaret of Mamluk architecture, its summit being 84 meters above the street level at the time. The northern
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In 1659, the northern minaret attached to the mausoleum collapsed. In 1671-1672, the minaret was replaced with a smaller one, with a slightly different form, and at same time the original wooden dome of the mausoleum was replaced with the current dome, also in a different shape from the original.
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fountain (for washing before prayer), but it was originally meant to be only a decorative fountain (ablutions facilities were once located next to the mosque building). The domed structure itself is made of wood and has likely been repaired or restored many times. Its current shape may date from
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was estimated to have an income of 200,000 dirham per day. This deprivation may be viewed as a prompt for his later extravagance. Upon taking over the reins, Sultan Hasan placed people of his own favor into positions of power. This happened at the expense of dignitaries currently in position; it
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These madrasa areas were almost entirely separate from the central courtyard (aside from the doorways leading to them), unlike in other madrasas were the rooms of the students often had windows overlooking the main courtyard. This may have been because the main courtyard was used as a mosque by
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motifs here which appear in other Mamluk crafts of the time but do not appear anywhere else in Mamluk architecture. Another minor but curious feature is the sculpted image of other architectural buildings in some of the carvings just above the stairs leading up to the portal; these are possibly
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The entrance portal is gigantic by the standards of mosque architecture and is 38 meters high. It was built at an angle projecting 17 degrees outwards from the rest of the wall so as to be visible from the
Citadel. Its shape and the layout of its decoration indicate obvious inspiration from the
395:, right next to the existing mosque of Sultan Hasan. Completed in 1912, its size is comparable to Sultan Hasan's construction and it was built in a neo-Mamluk style. The two buildings together now dominate the old Rumayla Square (now renamed Midan Salah ad-Din) across from the Citadel.
280:, backed this reputation. Ibn Kathir blamed the sultan for his greed and squandering of public funds. The lavish expenses noted coincide with the Sultan's extensive mosque. After his assassination in 1361, Sultan Hasan's body was never found; the mausoleum never served its purpose.
937:). Each was centered on a small courtyard surrounded by four stories of living quarters and cells for students. The madrasas were not of equal size (at least in part because of the irregular floor plan of the mosque, which was limited by existing streets and structures), with the
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to the throne. Hasan spent his time in jail studying and his obituaries commented on his learning as a result. He returned to power and again reshuffled the ruling establishment attempting to solidify power, but Sultan Hasan was assassinated by his commander in chief of the army,
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Also located behind the walls of the vestibule on the floor plan is a space which may have once housed, or was intended to house, a doctor and medical students, as mentioned in the foundation (waqf) document. The space is now ruined, or might have never been finished.
619:(the Muslim declaration of faith) is inscribed in "square" Kufic higher up above this, while further up is a band of inscription containing another Quranic verse (24:36-37), running along the full width of the inside of the portal, just below the muqarnas canopy.
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forms and richly painted and gilded. The cenotaph at the middle of the mausoleum chamber is dated to 1384, but Sultan Hasan's body was never found after he was killed, and as such he was never buried here. The mausoleum is also furnished with a large wooden
380:, anticipating another rebel attack from the mosque, ordered it demolished; however, after three days of unsuccessful demolition attempts on the mosque's southeastern (Citadel-facing) walls, he was forced to give up. In 1517, the very last Mamluk sultan,
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in the qibla wall. On the same wall, on the right side, there is a large, door-sized window which also opens to the mausoleum chamber. This window is distinguished by a set of doors which are notable for their exceptionally fine craftsmanship, made from
433:, Yalbugha al-Yahawi, and which was demolished to make way for the mosque. The construction of monumental buildings on this location was likely meant in part to create a pleasing sight for the Sultan to look down on from his palace in the Citadel.
826:, but this is not visible today. The minbar does still feature finely-crafted bronze doors with geometric patterns. A dado of marble also runs along the other two walls of the iwan, although at a much shorter height. A stone platform, known as a
304:) and work proceeded for three years "without even a single day of idleness". In fact, work appears to have continued even up to 1363, even after Sultan Hasan's death, before eventually ceasing. An inscription on the mosque notes the name of
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in the world today). The iwan of Sultan Hasan's mosque is not actually as large as that arch, but the comparison nonetheless emphasized the building's legendary reputation. This iwan is also richly decorated. A monumental inscription in
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the mausoleum project outwards into
Rumayla square and towards the Citadel, probably to make it more prominent when seen from the Citadel. The mausoleum chamber is accessed from inside the mosque, through a doorway to the left of the
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The other three iwans and the rest of the courtyard are largely plain except for the doorways at the corners of the courtyard. These doorways lead to the madrasa units and with their own smaller courtyards. They are framed in
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Near the bottom of the southwestern wall, below today's street level, is a row of stone corbels projecting from the wall which likely served to support the roof of a covered market along the street on this side.
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818:(the niche symbolizing the direction of prayer) which is framed by its own golden inscription and whose central half-dome hood features a sunrise motif radiating from the word "Allah". The stone and marble
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under Sultan Hassan, stone blocks from the Great
Pyramid were used to build his famous mosque. Many others followed his example, but despite all the damage and natural erosion, the Great Pyramid endured.
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mounted the roof of the mosque and launched projectiles at the
Citadel, provoking the sultan into ordering the stairs and platform of the entrance destroyed and the doorway boarded up. In 1500, Sultan
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craftsmanship, if not original. The back wall facing the doorway is covered in marble paneling: in the middle is a square panel made of inlaid white and red marble in a geometric pattern of
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272:, a Mamluk thought to be loyal. Because of the Sultan's extravagance in spending fortunes on women and other forms of favoritism, the commander rebelled against the Sultan. A contemporary
199:. The mosque was considered remarkable for its massive size and innovative architectural components, and is still considered one of the most impressive historic monuments in Cairo today.
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to the top of the mosque and began to bombard the Citadel from there". This, in turn, persuaded more than one sultan to order the mosque to be demolished or blocked up. In 1391, rebel
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is similar to the one in the main qibla iwan of mosque. The square chamber transitions gradually to the round dome (12 meters in diameter) with the use of wooden
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decorated with geometric star patterns and inlaid with ivory, which was meant to hold one of the giant royal copies of the Qur'an owned by the foundation.
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prestige, as he was appointed governor of Cairo in 1330 and oversaw other construction projects including the renovation of the hippodrome established by
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Inside, the chamber is even more lavishly decorated, with multicolored marble mosaic paneling on the lower walls and a large painted inscription of the
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Additionally, two more minarets were originally intended to stand above the monumental portal of the mosque, very much like in the architecture of
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style, while on either side are marble panels with other carved patterns. From this chamber, a bending passage leads to the central courtyard.
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The importance and scale of the building project also attracted craftsmen from all over the Mamluk empire, including the far-away provinces of
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per day. This pocket change was collected by servants for the Sultan. It's especially striking considering that during that time, the emir
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1374:"The Great Pyramid of Giza was once covered in highly polished white limestone, before it was removed to build mosques and fortresses"
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The vestibule chamber upon entering the mosque is an unusually ornate space, covered by a small central dome surrounded by elaborate
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Manjaq who controlled all of the state's affairs. Prior to that arrest, the emir was restricted to an allowance of just one hundred
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650:-covered doors of the entrance were forcibly purchased at a modest price by Sultan Mu'ayyad in the early 15th century for use on
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upset many of them. Discontented Emirs arrested the Sultan in 1351, held him in jail for three years, and promoted his brother
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used for military parades, equestrian games, and official ceremonies, thus giving the location added symbolic significance.
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The position of the mausoleum relative to the rest of the building was unusual in that it was located directly behind the
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vaults. The dome and half-dome arrangement here is reminiscent of Byzantine architecture, but may have been inspired from
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background, runs along the entire length of the iwan and is unique in Mamluk architecture. The text is a fragment of the
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The size of the main qibla iwan was frequently acknowledged as an awe-inspiring achievement, with Mamluk historians like
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Whether this is by design, or because it was damaged or never finished, is not specified in the sources consulted here.
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that were part of the foundation. The four iwans are said to have each been devoted to the teaching of one of the four
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The northwestern side of the mosque-madrasa is currently occupied by ruins and excavated remains. A primary school (
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The building is about 150 meters long, 68 meters wide, and 36 meters high. Like all mosques, it is oriented towards
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The mosque's construction is considered all the more remarkable as it coincided with the devastation wrought by the
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The floor of the central courtyard is paved in rich marble mosaics. The pavement dates from a restoration by the "
830:, stands in the middle of the space and was where reciters of the Qur'an would recite aloud for communal prayers.
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amirs whose properties were subsequently transferred to the state treasury, including the enormous wealth of amir
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Although the exterior walls of the building are in stone, much of the interior is brick, with facades covered in
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465:(stalactite-like carving) projecting 1.5 meters over the rest of the wall, another unprecedented feature in
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822:(pulpit) next to it may have once been covered in inlaid geometric patterns like that on the minbar of the
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iwan (the iwan in the direction of prayer) is larger than the other three. This space acted as a
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Ottoman times, but it may also be the earliest Mamluk example of this type of fountain.
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hoods (also Anatolian in style). Above these are black marble panels inlaid with white
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The enormous central courtyard is a vast square space surrounded by four monumental
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Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture.
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commissioned by sultan Al-Hasan for his complex. This manuscript is part of the
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1248:(7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 78–84.
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The most substantial available source concerning the mosque's construction is
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The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments
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A courtyard of one of the madrasas behind the walls of the main courtyard.
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Cairo of the Mamluks : a history of the architecture and its culture
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The mosque occupies almost 8000 square meters in a location close to the
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The Citadel of Cairo, 1176-1341: reconstructing architecture from texts.
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wall is covered in multicolored marble paneling, centered around the
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The mosque-madrasa-mausoleum of Sultan Hasan today, as seen from the
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accessible to the public, but it was also used for teaching by the
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located on the estates donated to the madrasa-mosque's foundation.
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1493:"The Complex of Sultan Hasan in Cairo: Reading Between the Lines"
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Looking down from the Citadel at the Mosque of Sultan Hasan 2014
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of Victory) from the Qur'an. Below this inscription band, the
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In 1869, construction began on a monumental new mosque, the
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View of Sultan Hasan's mosque and of Rumayla Square in 1880.
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architecture of the time, particularly the portal of the
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Madrasa of Amir Sunqur Sa'di (Mausoleum of Hasan Sadaqa)
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L'Égypte des Mamelouks: L'empire des esclaves, 1250-1517
1184:(null ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 201–213.
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fountain in the middle, surrounded by four monumental
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History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
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claiming it was greater than the famous arch of the
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and finished with stonework for decorative details.
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An-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun
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733:(vaulted chambers open on one side), of which the
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1274:. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
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863:Interior of the mosque, seen from the qibla iwan
188:. It was built between 1356 and 1363 during the
2042:Mosque and Mausoleum of Amir Ahmad al-Mihmandar
1804:Madrasa-Mausoleum of as-Salih Najm ad-Din Ayyub
1246:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide
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1561:, edn Panckoucke, v. 18.2, p. 304-306,
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1824:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay
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1946:Qasaba of Radwan Bey (Tentmakers' Street)
1880:Wikala and Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay
1834:Mosque-Sabil of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar
1557:"Sultan Hassan Mosque" description, from
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2698:
2551:Mosque of Qaytbay (at Qal'at al-Kabsh)
2087:Mosque of Qaytbay (at Qal'at al-Kabsh)
1814:Mosque of Amir Jamal al-Din al-Ustadar
1397:]. Academia, Prague. p. 217.
1386:
1308:
1068:
917:The outer courtyards and madrasa areas
796:style, set against a swirling vegetal
539:
363:Due to the mosque's location near the
2247:
1604:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
710:The central courtyard and mosque area
678:The vestibule chamber, with dome and
654:, and can still be seen there today.
2736:14th-century establishments in Egypt
2273:
1533:La mosquée du sultan Hassan au Caire
1526:
1461:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
232:Qur'an Manuscripts inscribed in the
2481:Khanqah-Mausoleum of Sultan Barsbay
2421:Amir Jamal al-Din al-Ustadar Mosque
1794:Khanqah-Mausoleum of Sultan Barsbay
1769:Complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay
1466:. Paris: Perrin. pp. 375–377.
561:portals of madrasas and mosques in
161:
24:
2501:Mosque of Amir al-Sayf Sarghatmish
1442:
1421:
1321:
1023:Other structures of the foundation
911:inscription band in the qibla iwan
895:Close-up of the hood of the mihrab
25:
2752:
2163:Egyptian National Military Museum
2132:Tomb of Salar and Sangar-al-Gawli
1630:
1541:
1278:
1252:
1198:
505:and in the minaret of the nearby
449:Exterior facade of the mausoleum.
2317:
2308:
2302:
1997:Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban
1955:Mosques and religious structures
1907:
1711:Mosques and religious structures
1696:al-Muizz Street (Qasabah Street)
1180:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2007).
900:
888:
868:
856:
208:Patron and founder: Sultan Hasan
2632:Egypt’s Islamic Cultural Center
2576:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Barquq
2451:Egypt’s Islamic Cultural Center
2107:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hassan
2047:Mosque of Amir Qijmas al-Ishaqi
2027:Mausoleum of Tarabay al-Sharifi
1829:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Barquq
1484:
1455:
491:
342:
283:
195:period, commissioned by Sultan
2581:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
2546:Mosque of Qanibay al-Muhammadi
2531:Mosque of Khushqadam el-Ahmadi
2082:Mosque of Qanibay al-Muhammadi
2062:Mosque of Khushqadam el-Ahmadi
1972:Amir Khayrbak Funerary Complex
1491:Al-Harithy, Howyda N. (1996).
1380:
1366:
1342:
718:The central courtyard with an
154:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
33:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
13:
1:
2506:Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu
2032:Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu
1977:Aqsunqur Mosque (Blue Mosque)
1739:Mosque of Almalik al-Jukandar
1390:Pyramidy, tajemstvi minulosti
1294:. Fayard. pp. 139, 240.
1081:
933:(schools of thought in Sunni
599:inscriptions of parts of the
556:The entrance façade in c.1800
2721:Mamluk architecture in Cairo
2561:Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad
2426:Amir Qijmas al-Ishaqi Mosque
2289:Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque
2017:Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi'i
1799:Madrasa of al-Nasir Muhammad
1744:Madrasa of Tatar al-Hijaziya
237:Memory of the World Register
38:
7:
2726:Mosque buildings with domes
2526:Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar
2521:Mosque of Amir al-Maridani
2476:Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq
2052:Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar
1819:Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad
1789:Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq
1553:Sultan Hassan Photo Gallery
1244:Williams, Caroline (2018).
1034:
983:-style Arabic inscriptions.
657:
588:and culminating in shallow
507:Mosque of Qanibay ar-Rammah
440:
416:
226:National Library of Egypt's
10:
2757:
2516:Mosque of al-Zahir Baybars
2037:Mosque of Amir al-Maridani
2012:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
2002:Madrasa of Uljay al-Yusufi
1774:Complex of Sultan al-Ghuri
1505:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
953:The mausoleum and the dome
636:monument, presumably from
202:
2670:
2657:Ibrahim El Desouki Mosque
2637:Al-Fattah al-Aleem Mosque
2624:
2456:Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque
2416:Al-Sayyidah Zainab Mosque
2411:Al-Sayeda Nafeesah Mosque
2396:Al-Rahman al-Rahim Mosque
2334:
2300:
2281:
2176:
2140:
2067:Mosque of Mahmud al-Kurdi
1954:
1923:
1916:
1905:
1842:
1779:Complex of Sultan Qalawun
1759:Church of the Virgin Mary
1709:
1688:
1645:
1638:
1387:Verner, Miroslav (1997).
1046:List of mosques in Africa
399:Architectural description
142:
134:
118:
108:
103:
89:
84:
73:
61:
56:
44:
37:
32:
2571:Mosque of Ulmas al-Hajib
2386:Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque
2102:Mosque of Ulmas al-Hajib
2092:Mosque of Sulayman Pasha
2022:Mausoleum of Amir Qawsun
1962:Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque
1895:Wikala of Sultan Qaytbay
1875:Sabil-Kuttab of Katkhuda
1764:Complex of Amir Qurqumas
1675:Gates of Khan al-Khalili
1350:"The treasures of Egypt"
1270:O'Kane, Bernard (2016).
1061:
1051:List of mosques in Egypt
839:monumental inscription.
749:(schools of thought) of
477:decoration, possibly of
408:part of the specialized
2616:Sultan al-Ghuri Complex
2601:Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque
2511:Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab
2431:Mosque of Amr ibn al-As
2229:Sabil-Kuttab of Qaytbay
2214:Maristan of al-Mu'ayyad
1809:Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab
1559:Description de l'Égypte
1290:Raymond, André (1993).
162:مسجد ومدرسة السلطان حسن
39:مسجد ومدرسة السلطان حسن
2647:Ahmad al-Badawi Mosque
2566:Mosque of Taghribirdi
2536:Mosque of Muhammad Ali
2496:Mahmud al-Kurdi Mosque
2406:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
2204:Cairo Citadel Aqueduct
2122:Sayyidah Zainab Mosque
2117:Sayeda Nafeesah Mosque
2072:Mosque of Muhammad Ali
1992:Madrasa of Sarghatmish
1749:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
1503:; J. van Lent (eds.).
1448:Rabat, Nasser (1991).
991:
962:
961:The mausoleum chamber.
926:
726:
687:
670:The entrance vestibule
557:
549:
450:
413:
360:
293:
239:
27:Mosque in Cairo, Egypt
2741:14th-century madrasas
2611:Sulayman Pasha Mosque
2556:Mosque of Sinan Pasha
2466:Jami al-Qarafa Mosque
2189:Bayt al-Razzaz Palace
2168:Gayer-Anderson Museum
2097:Mosque of Taghribirdi
1865:Hammam of Sultan Inal
1784:Khanqah of Baybars II
989:
960:
935:Islamic jurisprudence
924:
754:Islamic jurisprudence
717:
682:vaulting, as well as
677:
609:of Victory) from the
555:
547:
448:
406:
350:
291:
215:
2716:14th-century mosques
2606:Sayeda Aisha Mosque
2127:Sultaniyya Mausoleum
1462:Clot, André (1996).
1272:The Mosques of Egypt
530:Great Mosque of Yazd
522:Gök Madrasa in Sivas
125:Islamic architecture
18:Sultan Hassan Mosque
2381:Al-Mahmoudia Mosque
2184:Amir Alin Aq Palace
2112:Sayeda Aisha Mosque
2057:Mosque of Ibn Tulun
1931:Salah al-Din Square
1723:Al-Azhar University
1587:30.0319°N 31.2567°E
1583: /
1376:. 6 September 2016.
785:palace of Ctesiphon
548:The entrance portal
540:The entrance portal
467:Mamluk architecture
393:Mosque of ar-Rifa'i
174:Salah al-Din Square
129:Mamluk architecture
2685:Mosques by country
2541:Mosque of Qani-Bay
2361:Al-Burdayni Mosque
2346:Abu al-'Ila Mosque
2077:Mosque of Qani-Bay
1885:Wikala of al-Ghuri
1536:. Cairo: Le Caire.
992:
963:
927:
824:Mosque of Aqsunqur
727:
688:
571:Gök (Blue) Madrasa
558:
550:
451:
414:
361:
313:near the Citadel.
294:
240:
164:) is a monumental
2731:Madrasas in Egypt
2693:
2692:
2642:Abu Haggag Mosque
2376:Al-Hussein Mosque
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2219:Palace of Yashbak
2148:Al-Gawhara Palace
1903:
1902:
1734:Al-Hussein Mosque
1499:; E. van Donzel;
1324:"Khitat 2:316-17"
1191:978-1-84511-549-4
429:, for one of his
427:al-Nasir Muhammad
270:Yalbugha al-Umari
178:historic district
150:
149:
16:(Redirected from
2748:
2711:Mosques in Cairo
2662:Sidi Arif Mosque
2461:Ibn Tulun Mosque
2446:Demerdash Mosque
2401:Al-Rifa'i Mosque
2351:Al-Ashraf Mosque
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2275:Mosques in Egypt
2268:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2244:
1967:Al-Rifa'i Mosque
1941:Al-Darb al-Ahmar
1921:
1920:
1911:
1890:Wikala of Qawsun
1643:
1642:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:30.0319; 31.2567
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1548:Mosques in Cairo
1537:
1518:
1478:
1477:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1426:. Archived from
1419:
1413:
1412:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1358:. Archived from
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1326:. Archived from
1319:
1306:
1305:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1196:
1195:
1177:
1075:
1072:
1041:Lists of mosques
904:
892:
872:
860:
563:Anatolian Seljuk
518:Anatolian Seljuk
423:Citadel of Cairo
357:al-Rif'ai Mosque
337:Pyramids of Giza
311:al-Zahir Baybars
163:
49:
30:
29:
21:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2666:
2652:El-Tabia Mosque
2620:
2596:Qaytbay Mosque
2486:Khayrbak Mosque
2441:Aqsunqur Mosque
2371:Al-Hakim Mosque
2356:Al-Azhar Mosque
2337:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2298:
2294:Attarine Mosque
2277:
2272:
2242:
2233:
2194:Bayt al-Sinnari
2172:
2158:Carriage Museum
2153:Amir Taz Palace
2136:
1950:
1912:
1899:
1870:Khan el-Khalili
1855:Bayt al-Suhaymi
1838:
1729:Al-Hakim Mosque
1719:Al-Azhar Mosque
1705:
1701:Bayn al-Qasrayn
1684:
1655:Bab al-Barqiyya
1634:
1629:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1544:
1515:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1422:Martyn, Smith.
1420:
1416:
1405:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1330:on 14 July 2011
1322:Martyn, Smith.
1320:
1309:
1302:
1288:
1279:
1268:
1253:
1242:
1199:
1192:
1178:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1037:
1025:
955:
919:
912:
905:
896:
893:
884:
873:
864:
861:
712:
672:
660:
567:Mongol Ilkhanid
542:
514:Mongol Ilkhanid
503:al-Azhar Mosque
494:
443:
419:
401:
372:against Sultan
345:
286:
210:
205:
79:an-Nasir Hassan
52:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Medieval Cairo
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2680:Islam in Egypt
2677:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:Qalawun Mosque
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2471:Juyushi Mosque
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Al-Nour Mosque
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Al-Fath Mosque
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Juyushi Mosque
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:Beshtak Palace
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1605:
1567:
1566:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1542:External links
1540:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1513:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1454:
1441:
1414:
1403:
1379:
1365:
1362:on 2019-09-05.
1341:
1307:
1300:
1277:
1251:
1197:
1190:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
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1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
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1036:
1033:
1024:
1021:
954:
951:
918:
915:
914:
913:
906:
899:
897:
894:
887:
885:
874:
867:
865:
862:
855:
711:
708:
671:
668:
659:
656:
652:his own mosque
628:spoils from a
541:
538:
493:
490:
442:
439:
418:
415:
400:
397:
344:
341:
285:
282:
265:as-Salih Salih
244:al-Nasir Hasan
228:Collection of
209:
206:
204:
201:
197:an-Nasir Hasan
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:Groundbreaking
132:
131:
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115:
110:
106:
105:
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100:
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2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2338:Greater Cairo
2333:
2326:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Hosh al-Basha
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Cairo Citadel
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
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1430:on 2011-02-07
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803:Surat al-Fath
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484:inspiration.
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55:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
2625:Other places
2580:
2491:Lulua Mosque
2436:Aqmar Mosque
2325:Egypt portal
1987:Lulua Mosque
1924:Main streets
1754:Aqmar Mosque
1689:Main streets
1670:Bab al-Wazir
1660:Bab al-Futuh
1568:
1532:
1504:
1501:P.J. Bearman
1497:Gibb, H.A.R.
1485:Bibliography
1463:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:the original
1417:
1408:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1368:
1360:the original
1353:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1328:the original
1291:
1271:
1245:
1181:
1070:
1026:
1017:
996:Throne Verse
993:
964:
947:
928:
841:
832:
827:
801:
774:
728:
704:
689:
661:
645:
621:
614:
600:
586:illumination
559:
511:
495:
492:The minarets
486:
471:fleur-de-lis
452:
435:
420:
390:
386:
362:
343:Later events
330:
315:
298:Black Plague
295:
284:Construction
247:
246:(full name:
241:
218:frontispiece
216:Illuminated
153:
151:
104:Architecture
1680:Bab Zuweila
1665:Bāb al-Naşr
1590: /
1004:pendentives
625:chinoiserie
276:historian,
172:located in
63:Affiliation
2700:Categories
2282:Alexandria
1721:(see also
1578:31°15′24″E
1575:30°01′55″N
1473:2262010307
1301:2213029830
1082:References
772:maddhabs.
686:stonework.
318:al-Maqrizi
278:Ibn Kathir
2336:Cairo and
1565:(French).
1528:Herz, Maz
1507:. BRILL.
1424:"Rumayla"
848:ablutions
798:arabesque
789:brickwork
720:ablutions
634:Christian
528:, or the
479:Anatolian
220:from the
143:Completed
2675:Category
1530:(1899).
1355:NBC News
1292:Le Caire
1035:See also
1008:muqarnas
931:maddhabs
783:Persian
781:Sassanid
747:maddhabs
743:madrasas
696:Armenian
692:muqarnas
680:muqarnas
658:Interior
641:churches
638:Crusader
590:muqarnas
499:al-Ghuri
463:muqarnas
441:Exterior
417:The site
410:madrasas
382:Tumanbay
378:Janbalat
333:Anatolia
90:Location
85:Location
57:Religion
2141:Museums
1434:9 March
1334:9 March
1013:lectern
981:Thuluth
943:Shafi'i
883:(right)
777:Maqrizi
770:Shafi'i
762:Hanbali
632:-style
616:Shahada
501:at the
482:Turkish
475:ceramic
459:cornice
365:Citadel
353:Citadel
326:Shaykhu
260:Shaykhu
242:Sultan
203:History
176:in the
170:madrasa
77:Sultan
2177:Others
1843:Others
1511:
1470:
1401:
1298:
1188:
1029:maktab
1000:mihrab
972:mihrab
939:Hanafi
881:minbar
877:mihrab
844:Comité
828:dikkat
820:minbar
816:mihrab
768:, and
766:Maliki
758:Hanafi
756:: the
700:Syrian
664:stucco
648:bronze
630:Gothic
613:. The
611:Qur'an
597:Arabic
583:Qur'an
579:Turkey
526:Turkey
374:Barquq
322:Mamluk
274:Syrian
256:dirham
234:UNESCO
230:Mamluk
222:Qur'an
193:Mamluk
166:mosque
158:Arabic
113:Mosque
74:Patron
1647:Gates
1563:Audio
1495:. In
1393:[
1062:Notes
967:qibla
909:Kufic
836:ablaq
812:qibla
794:Kufic
751:Sunni
735:qibla
731:iwans
724:iwans
684:ablaq
594:Kufic
575:Sivas
455:Mecca
431:amirs
370:amirs
190:Bahri
186:Egypt
182:Cairo
120:Style
98:Egypt
94:Cairo
68:Islam
1519:(p.
1509:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1436:2011
1399:ISBN
1336:2011
1296:ISBN
1186:ISBN
941:and
907:The
875:The
808:Sura
607:Sura
565:and
534:Iran
516:and
306:amir
252:Emir
168:and
152:The
146:1363
138:1356
109:Type
1523:ff)
573:in
461:of
180:of
2702::
1521:68
1407:.
1352:.
1310:^
1280:^
1254:^
1200:^
1090:^
764:,
760:,
577:,
532:,
524:,
509:.
359:.)
302:AH
184:,
160::
127:,
96:,
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1624:e
1617:t
1610:v
1517:.
1476:.
1438:.
1338:.
1304:.
1194:.
806:(
605:(
412:.
156:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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