117:
940:, both warm and salty) layer of bottom water. This layer of bottom-water constantly works its way out into the Atlantic as the Mediterranean outflow. On the Atlantic side of the Strait, a density boundary separates the Mediterranean outflow waters from the rest at about 100 m (330 ft; 55 fathoms) depth. These waters flow out and down the continental slope, losing salinity, until they begin to mix and equilibrate more rapidly, much farther out at a depth of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft; 550 fathoms). The Mediterranean outflow water layer can be traced for thousands of kilometres west of the Strait, before completely losing its identity.
91:
944:
912:
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927:), while a larger amount of surface waters with lower salinity and density continually flow eastwards (the Mediterranean inflow). These general flow tendencies may be occasionally interrupted for brief periods by temporary tidal flows, depending on various lunar and solar alignments. The balance of the water flow is eastwards, since the evaporation rate within the Mediterranean basin is higher than the combined inflow of all the rivers that empty into it, plus the total precipitation of rain or snow that falls on it. At the Strait's far western end is the
448:
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974:(waves at the density boundary layer) are often produced by the Strait. Like traffic merging on a highway, the water flow is constricted in both directions because it must pass over the Camarinal Sill. When large tidal flows enter the Strait and the high tide relaxes, internal waves are generated at the Camarinal Sill and proceed eastwards. Even though the waves may occur down to great depths, occasionally the waves are almost imperceptible at the surface, at other times they can be seen clearly in satellite imagery. These
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The Strait of
Gibraltar links the Atlantic Ocean directly to the Mediterranean Sea. This direct linkage creates certain unique flow and wave patterns. These unique patterns are created due to the interaction of various regional and global evaporative forces, water temperatures, tidal forces, and wind
1004:
claims 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) around
Gibraltar on the northern side of the Strait, putting part of it inside British territorial waters. As this is less than the 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) maximum, it means, according to the British claim, that part of the Strait
740:
The relatively short distance between the two shores has served as a quick crossing point for various groups and civilizations throughout history, including
Carthaginians campaigning against Rome, Romans travelling between the provinces of Hispania and Mauritania, Vandals raiding south from Germania
744:
Beginning in 1492, the Strait began to play a certain cultural role in acting as a barrier against cross-channel conquest and the flow of culture and language that would naturally follow such a conquest. In that year, the last Muslim government north of the Strait was overthrown by a
Spanish force.
962:
used the currents to pass into the
Mediterranean Sea without detection, by maintaining silence with engines off. From September 1941 to May 1944 Germany managed to send 62 U-boats into the Mediterranean. All these boats had to navigate the British-controlled Strait of Gibraltar where nine U-boats
604:
many mineral salts in layers on the seabed. The resultant accumulation of various huge salt and mineral deposits about the
Mediterranean basin are directly linked to this era. It is believed that this process took a short time, by geological standards, lasting between 500,000 and 600,000 years.
1230:
1058:
project proposed damming the Strait to generate large amounts of electricity and lower the sea level of the
Mediterranean by several hundreds of meters to create large new lands for settlement. This proposal would however have devastating effects on the local climate and ecology and would
886:. While the project remained in a planning phase, Spanish and Moroccan officials met to discuss it occasionally, including in 2012. Those talks led to nothing constructive happening, but in April 2021 ministers from both countries agreed to a joint intergovernmental meeting to be held in
616:
After a lengthy period of restricted intermittent or no water exchange between the
Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean basin, approximately 5.33 million years ago, the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection was completely reestablished through the Strait of Gibraltar by the
621:, and has remained open ever since. The erosion produced by the incoming waters seems to be the main cause for the present depth of the Strait (900 m (3,000 ft; 490 fathoms) at the narrows, 280 m (920 ft; 150 fathoms) at the
729:
may have been one of the last outposts of
Neanderthal habitation in the world, with evidence of their presence there dating to as recently as 24,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence of Homo sapiens habitation of the area dates back
745:
Since that time, the Strait has come to foster the development of two very distinct and varied cultures on either side of it after sharing much the same culture for over 500 years from the 8th century to the early 13th century.
770:
presents a third cultural group found in the Strait. This enclave was first established in 1704 and has since been used by the United
Kingdom to act as a surety for control of the sea lanes into and out of the Mediterranean.
1883:
612:
would evaporate within a thousand years, as it is believed to have done then, and such an event would lay down mineral deposits like the salt deposits now found under the sea floor all over the Mediterranean.
572:
calcareous sediments, sourced from thriving cold water coral communities. Exposed bedrock surfaces, coarse sediments and local sand dunes attest to the strong bottom current conditions at the present time.
2015:
Building the dam and letting the Mediterranean Sea completely evaporate would raise Sea Level 15 meters over 1,000 years. Evaporating the first 100 meters or so would raise Sea Level 1 meter in about 100
293:(14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950
1514:
1647:
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pod of some 36 individuals lives around the Strait, one of the few that are left in Western European waters. The pod may be facing extinction in the coming decades due to long term effects of
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Water flows through the Strait more or less continuously, both eastwards and westwards. A smaller amount of deeper, saltier and therefore denser waters continually flow westwards (the
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in the coming months. This was in order to resume discussions on a tunnel. Earlier, in January 2021, the UK government had studied plans for a tunnel to link Gibraltar with
4192:
136:
Location of the Strait of Gibraltar between Africa (centre right) and Europe (top right), connecting the Atlantic Ocean in the centre to the Mediterranean Sea on the right
978:
continue to flow eastward and to refract around coastal features. They can sometimes be traced for as much as 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi), and sometimes create
2672:
1378:
De Mol, B., et al. 2012. "Ch. 45: Cold-Water Coral Distribution in an Erosional Environment: The Strait of Gibraltar Gateway", in: Harris, P. T.; Baker, E. K. (eds.),
1039:
allowed in most territorial waters. Therefore, a vessel or aircraft has the freedom of navigation or overflight for the purpose of crossing the strait of Gibraltar.
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Discussion between Spain and Morocco of a tunnel under the strait began in the 1980s. In December 2003, both countries agreed to explore the construction of an
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through Western Rome and into North Africa in the 5th century, Moors and Berbers in the 8th–11th centuries, and Spain and Portugal in the 16th century.
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755:, while on the southern side, Muslim-Arabic/Mediterranean has been dominant since the spread of Islam into North Africa in the 700s, along with the
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The Mediterranean waters are so much saltier than the Atlantic waters that they sink below the constantly incoming water and form a highly saline (
931:, the Strait's shallowest point which limits mixing between the cold, less saline Atlantic water and the warmer, more saline Mediterranean waters.
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On the northern side, Christian-European culture has remained dominant since the expulsion of the last Muslim kingdom in 1492, along with the
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was progressively restricted until its total closure, effectively causing the salinity of the Mediterranean to rise periodically within the
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that would replace the Spanish-Moroccan project that until then had had no tangible results after over 40 years of discussions.
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2008:
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1974:
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Soto-Navarro, Javier; Criado-Aldeanueva, Francisco; García-Lafuente, Jesús; Sánchez-Román, Antonio (12 October 2010).
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Around 5.9 million years ago, the connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean along the
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which use it every year to migrate between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, including significant numbers of
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3198:
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882:) to match the proposed construction and conversion of significant parts of the existing broad gauge system to
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324:, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar
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2198:
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Tremlett, Giles (13 July 2002). "Moroccans seize Parsley Island and leave a bitter taste in Spanish mouths".
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1732:"Estimation of the Atlantic inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar from climatological and in situ data"
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2004:—American Geophysical Union, 1997. Accessed 26 February 2006. Gone 12 February 2010. Dam design at
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generating stations within the Strait, to be powered from the predictable current at the Strait.
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It is estimated that, were the Strait closed even at today's higher sea level, most water in the
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3071:
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1936:
1322:"Migration Information Source – The Merits and Limitations of Spain's High-Tech Border Control"
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787:
646:
420:
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3333:
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3143:
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2976:
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2019:
924:
919:(marked with arrows) are caused by water flowing through the Strait (bottom left, top right).
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Wesson, J. C.; Gregg, M. C. (1994). "Mixing at Camarinal Sill in the Strait of Gibraltar".
1743:
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was able to bring at least 2,500 men across the Strait, breaking the republican blockade.
8:
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2900:
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were sunk while attempting passage and 10 more had to break off their run due to damage.
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152:
98:
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2028:—La Universidad de Tetuán and La Universidad de Sevilla. Accessed 26 February 2006.
376:), meaning "Gate of the West" or "Gate of the sunset", and furthermore "Gate of the
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of Gibraltar (although this is mostly archaic), the STROG (STRait Of Gibraltar) in
77:
62:
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operate between Spain and Morocco across the Strait, as well as between Spain and
439:), referring to the mountains as pillars, such as Gibraltar, flanking the strait.
4423:
3862:
3822:
3642:
2846:
2012:
2001:
1978:
1600:
1467:
1254:, awarded for activity in the international water of the Mediterranean and STROG.
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791:
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347:
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47:
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to connect their rail systems across the Strait. The gauge of the rail would be
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3647:
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3579:
3554:
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2005:
1001:
948:
928:
883:
854:
815:
763:
630:
622:
618:
577:
504:
274:
219:
210:
148:
1994:
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2022:—United Nations Economic and Social Council, 2001. Accessed 26 February 2006.
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181:
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1971:
600:, temperature and stilled water currents combined and occurred regularly to
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1909:
1670:"Morocco, Spain discuss revival of fixed link project via Gibraltar Strait"
1640:"Strait of Gibraltar underwater railway tunnel project coming back to life"
1021:
955:
518:
508:
381:
102:
2020:
Project for a Europe-Africa permanent link through the Strait of Gibraltar
1231:"Google Books Ngram Viewer results "Strait of Gibraltar/Gut of Gibraltar""
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1809:
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The Delimitation of the Spanish Marine Waters in the Strait of Gibraltar
1219:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 938.
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1499:"Orca 'apocalypse': half of killer whales doomed to die from pollution"
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887:
851:
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1858:
1184:
Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples
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715:
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317:
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20:
1438:"Gibraltar might be the beginning of the end for the Atlantic Ocean"
536:
4052:
3977:
2275:
2097:
1604:
1400:
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915:
The Strait of Gibraltar with the Mediterranean Sea in upper right.
891:
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597:
565:
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3131:
1701:"British-Moroccan undersea tunnel would connect Africa to Europe"
1396:
959:
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827:
650:
540:
A view across the Strait of Gibraltar taken from the hills above
468:
377:
305:
229:
1208:
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1559:
1381:
1031:, vessels passing through the strait do so under the regime of
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by Spain. Similarly, Morocco disputes Spanish sovereignty over
857:
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561:
541:
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286:
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dramatically change the strength of the West African Monsoon.
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on the southern coast. There are several islets, such as the
1014:
831:
545:
472:
456:
403:
309:
234:
1271:
1009:. The ownership of Gibraltar and its territorial waters is
996:
Except for its far eastern end, the Strait lies within the
681:
558:
434:
355:
1384:
Atlas of seafloor geomorphic features and benthic habitats
810:
3-D rendering, looking eastwards towards the Mediterranean
494:
defines the limits of the Strait of Gibraltar as follows:
2886:
1995:
Climate Control Requires a Dam at the Strait of Gibraltar
1981:. Xefer blog. 16 March 2005. Retrieved on 13 August 2012.
725:
dates back to 125,000 years ago. It is believed that the
2094:
By ACNEG The Straits of Gibraltar Swimming Association.
1265:
Pamphlet of the Museum of the Castle of Guzman el Bueno
1047:
Some studies have proposed the possibility of erecting
588:
and salt deposition range, during what is known as the
721:
Evidence of the first human habitation of the area by
478:
Due to its location, the Strait is commonly used for
2409:
Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)
1123:
794:
to Peninsular Spain. On 5 August 1936 the so-called
385:
362:
350:. It is also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, the
341:
1922:
1882:(Report). Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies.
786:the Strait of Gibraltar to hamper the transport of
16:
Strait connecting the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
1403:boundary, c. 5.33 million years before the present
947:Simplifed and stylized diagram of currents at the
633:, but on geological rather than human timescales.
1972:"Atlantropa: A plan to dam the Mediterranean Sea"
1353:. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953.
897:
4565:
2751:European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)
1870:
1868:
1419:, New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., p. 440.
1417:Oasis in space. Earth history from the beginning
625:). The Strait is expected to close again as the
475:(a Spanish autonomous city in northern Africa).
159:
1029:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
322:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
2026:Estudios Geográficos del Estrecho de Gibraltar
1565:
1024:, that are claimed by both Morocco and Spain.
384:". In the Middle Ages it was called in Arabic
3520:
2113:
1875:Víctor Luis Gutiérrez Castillo (April 2011).
1865:
992:Status of Gibraltar § Territorial waters
304:The strait lies in the territorial waters of
69:
54:
2006:http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eosrjohnsonf3.gif
391:
95:The Strait of Gibraltar as seen from space.
39:
1834:
1380:Seafloor geomorphology as benthic habitat:
845:
714:Historic map of the Strait of Gibraltar by
410:
397:
340:, which in turn originates from the Arabic
123:
3527:
3513:
2120:
2106:
2092:HOW TO SWIM ACROSS THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR
1496:
289:. The two continents are separated by 7.7
2619:Political development in modern Gibraltar
1765:
1755:
1497:Carrington, Damian (27 September 2018).
1348:"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"
1203:
942:
910:
805:
709:
649:because of the hundreds of thousands of
551:The seabed of the Strait is composed of
535:
446:
3292:
1618:"Tunnel to Connect Morocco with Europe"
1435:
492:International Hydrographic Organization
455:On the northern side of the Strait are
346:(meaning "Tariq's Mount"), named after
4566:
1792:. Chatham Publishing, pp. 19 and 182.
1790:U-Boats in the Mediterranean 1941–1944
1698:
1517:from the original on 28 September 2018
1245:Nato Medals: Medal for Active Endeavor
331:
3508:
3002:
2821:
2559:
2309:
2140:
2101:
2085:, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection,
2060:"Internal Waves, Strait of Gibraltar"
1478:from the original on 26 December 2021
1289:from the original on 14 December 2020
985:
906:
641:The Strait has been identified as an
463:(a British overseas territory in the
3463:
2127:
1937:10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/e1172
1650:from the original on 16 January 2022
1360:from the original on 7 December 2017
1328:from the original on 10 January 2014
415:, based on the name from antiquity "
3487:
2083:Old maps of the Strait of Gibraltar
1711:from the original on 6 October 2021
1680:from the original on 6 October 2021
1386:. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 636–643.
1113:
1042:
396:), "the Passage" and by the Romans
392:
373:
40:
13:
2895:Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation
1816:from the original on 3 August 2010
1699:Alaoui, Mohamed (9 January 2021).
1624:. 17 February 2012. Archived from
1594:"Europe-Africa rail tunnel agreed"
1436:Johnson, Scott K. (25 July 2013).
14:
4645:
4599:Important Bird Areas of Gibraltar
3214:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
3082:Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar
1988:
1953:from the original on 12 July 2024
1810:"U-boat war in the Mediterranean"
1448:from the original on 20 June 2021
966:
801:
4624:Straits of the Mediterranean Sea
4548:
4538:
4283:Saint Francis Bay (Eastern Cape)
3534:
3486:
3474:
3462:
3451:
3450:
2340:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
2296:
1889:from the original on 5 July 2019
1468:"Data Zone: Strait of Gibraltar"
1178:See Robinson, Allan Richard and
629:moves northward relative to the
451:Europe (left) and Africa (right)
122:
115:
89:
2036:"Solitons, Strait of Gibraltar"
1965:
1929:Oxford Public International Law
1916:
1901:
1838:Journal of Geophysical Research
1828:
1802:
1782:
1736:Journal of Geophysical Research
1723:
1692:
1662:
1632:
1610:
1587:
1529:
1490:
1460:
1429:
1406:
1389:
1372:
1340:
1314:
1279:"Strait of Gibraltar - channel"
1035:, rather than the more limited
636:
2663:Black Swan Project controversy
2087:The National Library of Israel
1543:. October 2008. Archived from
1301:
1257:
1237:
1223:
1197:
1172:
1147:
1102:
898:Special flow and wave patterns
1:
3179:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
2310:
2199:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
1267:, accessed 16 November 2016.
1095:
731:
326:in case of continuous transit
4579:Bodies of water of Gibraltar
3224:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
3033:Bayside Comprehensive School
2560:
1923:Rothwell, Donald R. (2009).
1324:. Migrationinformation.org.
1054:In the 1920s and 1930s, the
467:). On the southern side are
435:
409:In Latin it has been called
7:
3003:
2982:Vehicle registration plates
2922:Royal Gibraltar Post Office
2822:
2141:
1931:. Oxford University Press.
1788:Paterson, Lawrence (2007).
1124:
1062:
814:The Strait is an important
442:
386:
363:
342:
10:
4650:
4584:Bodies of water of Morocco
2927:postage stamps and history
1644:Construction Review Online
1537:"Last of the Neanderthals"
1186:. Springer, 1994, p. 307,
1080:Floating suspension bridge
1000:of Spain and Morocco. The
989:
695:
691:
531:
424:
314:British overseas territory
259:900 m (2,953 ft)
251:14.2 km (8.8 mi)
18:
4634:Geography of North Africa
4535:
4507:
4406:
3588:
3540:
3446:
3403:
3371:
3283:
3257:Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque
3239:
3151:
3142:
3090:
3015:
3011:
2998:
2952:
2877:
2834:
2830:
2817:
2786:Napier of Magdala Battery
2761:
2653:
2627:
2572:
2568:
2555:
2490:
2429:
2422:
2360:
2322:
2318:
2305:
2294:
2154:Neanderthals in Gibraltar
2149:
2136:
2011:26 September 2012 at the
776:Spanish coup of July 1936
590:Messinian salinity crisis
485:
255:
247:
243:
209:
197:
158:
144:
110:
88:
55:
35:
30:
4589:Bodies of water of Spain
2801:Royal Gibraltar Regiment
2776:Gibraltar Defence Police
2771:British Forces Gibraltar
2174:First Siege of Gibraltar
2000:22 February 2009 at the
846:Tunnel across the Strait
336:The name comes from the
19:Not to be confused with
4248:Porto Alexandre, Angola
3953:Enseada dos Três Irmãos
3043:University of Gibraltar
2729:Sovereignty referendums
2387:Reptiles and amphibians
1283:Encyclopedia Britannica
1216:Encyclopædia Britannica
1180:Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli
780:Spanish Republican Navy
766:enclave of the city of
596:environment, dissolved
482:from Africa to Europe.
361:Another Arabic name is
4594:Gibraltar–Spain border
4068:Hirghīgo Bahir Selat’ē
2972:Gibraltar–Spain border
2796:Royal Gibraltar Police
2535:St. Bernard's Hospital
2520:King George V Hospital
2209:George Augustus Eliott
2064:NASA Earth Observatory
2040:NASA Earth Observatory
1925:"Gibraltar, Strait of"
1133:
982:with refracted waves.
951:
920:
811:
718:
647:BirdLife International
598:mineral concentrations
548:
529:
452:
411:
398:
70:
4604:International straits
4188:Mietjie Frans se Baai
3793:Bay of Saint-Augustin
2977:Shipping in Gibraltar
2242:Explosion of the RFA
1674:The North Africa Post
1155:"Strait of Gibraltar"
1134:Estrecho de Gibraltar
980:interference patterns
946:
925:Mediterranean outflow
914:
809:
796:Convoy de la Victoria
713:
539:
496:
450:
436:hai Hērákleioi stêlai
71:Estrecho de Gibraltar
4609:Morocco–Spain border
4439:Canal de São Vicente
4193:Moraha Bahir Selat’ē
3683:Baia de Porto Amboim
3386:Records in athletics
3361:Campo Gibraltar RUFC
3339:Football Association
3188:(Church of Scotland)
3186:St. Andrew's Church
2917:Regulatory Authority
2237:Maltese in Gibraltar
2232:Genoese in Gibraltar
2184:Capture of Gibraltar
1757:10.1029/2010JC006302
1571:The Battle for Spain
1547:on 18 September 2008
1250:16 June 2006 at the
1007:international waters
698:History of Gibraltar
4629:Geography of Europe
4574:Strait of Gibraltar
4479:Strait of Gibraltar
4464:Mozambique Channel
4293:Saint Sebastian Bay
3948:Enseada do Quitungo
3943:Enseada do Quicombo
3938:Enseada do Chalungo
3928:Enseada de São Braz
3688:Baía de Santa Marta
3117:Gibraltarian status
2901:Gibraltar Chronicle
2472:Strait of Gibraltar
2396:Iberis gibraltarica
2179:Battle of Gibraltar
2169:Pillars of Hercules
1977:7 July 2017 at the
1851:1994JGR....99.9847W
1748:2010JGRC..11510023S
1628:on 4 November 2012.
1599:2 June 2022 at the
1541:National Geographic
1243:See, for instance,
1142:Pillars of Hercules
1085:Mediterranean Basin
667:lesser black-backed
643:Important Bird Area
610:Mediterranean basin
523:Peninsula of Almina
480:illegal immigration
425:αἱ Ἡράκλειοι στῆλαι
417:Pillars of Hercules
332:Names and etymology
267:Strait of Gibraltar
178: /
130:Strait of Gibraltar
101:is on the left and
56:Strait of Gibraltar
31:Strait of Gibraltar
4228:Plaatjieskraalbaai
3988:Ghoubbet-el-Kharab
3933:Enseada do Catumbo
3923:Enseada das Pombas
3888:Dakhlet Nouadhibou
3376:Commonwealth Games
3231:Trafalgar Cemetery
3219:Our Lady of Europe
3060:Llévame Donde Nací
2781:Gibraltar Squadron
2580:Constitution Order
2462:St. Michael's Cave
1646:. 15 August 2021.
998:territorial waters
986:Territorial waters
952:
921:
907:Inflow and outflow
812:
719:
706:History of Morocco
549:
453:
273:that connects the
151: –
4619:Straits of Europe
4614:Straits of Africa
4561:
4560:
4555:Oceans portal
4545:Africa portal
4449:Guardafui Channel
4278:Saint Francis Bay
3973:Fernao Veloso Bay
3743:Baie de Sangareya
3693:Baía de Sucujaque
3570:Mediterranean Sea
3502:
3501:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3399:
3398:
3279:
3278:
3199:Roman Catholicism
3164:Diocese in Europe
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2944:Telephone numbers
2889:(Internet domain)
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2724:Political parties
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2457:Rock of Gibraltar
2352:Iberian Peninsula
2292:
2291:
2254:Death on the Rock
2250:Operation Flavius
2194:Treaty of Utrecht
2046:on 17 August 2004
1859:10.1029/94JC00256
1845:(C5): 9847–9878.
1676:. 22 April 2021.
1622:bluedoorhotel.com
1580:978-0-7538-2165-7
1285:. 14 April 2009.
1210:"Gibraltar"
1125:Maḍīq Jabal Ṭāriq
1122:
727:Rock of Gibraltar
465:Iberian Peninsula
433:
338:Rock of Gibraltar
279:Mediterranean Sea
263:
262:
153:Mediterranean Sea
99:Iberian Peninsula
4641:
4553:
4552:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4499:Zanzibar Channel
4489:Straits of Tiran
4484:Strait of Sicily
4388:Walvis Bay (bay)
4303:Sandwich Harbour
4243:Pointe-Noire Bay
4033:Gulf of Tadjoura
4018:Gulf of Hammamet
3983:Frederik se Baai
3788:Bay of Langarano
3673:Baía de Mossuril
3658:Baía da Condúcia
3529:
3522:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3490:
3489:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3454:
3453:
3391:Victoria Stadium
3290:
3289:
3189:
3174:Bishop suffragan
3149:
3148:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2890:
2832:
2831:
2819:
2818:
2570:
2569:
2557:
2556:
2515:Garrison Library
2437:Bay of Gibraltar
2427:
2426:
2399:
2380:Barbary macaques
2320:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2217:
2138:
2137:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2066:. Archived from
2055:
2053:
2051:
2042:. Archived from
2031:
1982:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1920:
1914:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1800:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1759:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1433:
1427:
1410:
1404:
1393:
1387:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1318:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1201:
1195:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1151:
1145:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1043:Power generation
1037:innocent passage
956:Second World War
881:
879:
878:
874:
871:
863:
753:Spanish language
736:
733:
702:History of Spain
675:Atlantic puffins
438:
428:
426:
414:
412:Fretum Herculeum
401:
399:Fretum Gaditanum
395:
394:
389:
375:
371:
345:
193:
192:
190:
189:
188:
183:
182:35.950°N 5.500°W
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
161:
126:
125:
119:
105:is on the right.
93:
81:
73:
66:
58:
57:
51:
43:
42:
28:
27:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4547:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4509:
4503:
4459:Massawa Channel
4429:Canal de Bolola
4424:Canal de Bolama
4402:
4348:Spoegrivierbaai
4238:Plettenbergbaai
4048:Hafun Bay South
3863:Chake-Chake Bay
3823:Bight of Biafra
3668:Baía de Mocambo
3663:Baía da Corimba
3643:Antsiranana Bay
3633:Angra de Cintra
3590:
3584:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3503:
3498:
3434:
3395:
3367:
3275:
3269:Great Synagogue
3235:
3187:
3169:Bishop diocesan
3138:
3086:
3077:Public holidays
3038:Westside School
3007:
2986:
2948:
2888:
2873:
2847:Gibraltar pound
2826:
2805:
2757:
2668:Disputed status
2649:
2623:
2564:
2539:
2486:
2418:
2404:Botanic Gardens
2393:
2356:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2215:
2214:Gibraltar real
2145:
2132:
2126:
2073:
2071:
2070:on 20 June 2001
2058:
2049:
2047:
2034:
2029:
2013:Wayback Machine
2002:Wayback Machine
1991:
1986:
1985:
1979:Wayback Machine
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1947:
1921:
1917:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1873:
1866:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1742:(C10): C10023.
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1705:The Arab Weekly
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:Wayback Machine
1592:
1588:
1581:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1434:
1430:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1252:Wayback Machine
1242:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1202:
1198:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1090:List of straits
1075:Perdicaris Park
1071:, Westerly wind
1065:
1045:
1033:transit passage
994:
988:
969:
909:
900:
876:
872:
869:
867:
866:4 ft
865:
861:
848:
804:
792:Spanish Morocco
734:
708:
696:Main articles:
694:
639:
594:water chemistry
534:
528:
517:A line joining
503:A line joining
488:
445:
348:Tariq ibn Ziyad
334:
239:
213: countries
186:
184:
180:
177:
172:
169:
167:
165:
164:
140:
139:
138:
137:
134:
133:
132:
131:
127:
106:
96:
84:
75:
60:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4559:
4558:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4522:Erythraean Sea
4519:
4517:Aethiopian Sea
4513:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4474:Shubuk Channel
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4258:Río de Oro Bay
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4078:Hottentotsbaai
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4013:Gulf of Guinea
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3893:Dalwakteah Bay
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Conception Bay
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3858:Cape Negro Bay
3855:
3853:Cape Cross Bay
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3818:Bight of Benin
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3798:Bay of Tangier
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Bay of Hawakil
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:Baía do Govuro
3715:
3710:
3705:
3703:Baía do Ambriz
3700:
3698:Baía de Tombua
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Baía de Namibe
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3628:Ana Chaves Bay
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3608:Al Hoceima Bay
3605:
3603:Acheïl Dakhlet
3600:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3580:Southern Ocean
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Atlantic Ocean
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3155:
3153:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3096:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Gibraltar Fair
3064:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3050:Miss Gibraltar
3047:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3008:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2883:
2881:
2879:Communications
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Stock Exchange
2856:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Chief Minister
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2530:The Rock Hotel
2527:
2525:Moorish Castle
2522:
2517:
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2196:
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2171:
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2156:
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2110:
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2017:
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1989:External links
1987:
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1388:
1371:
1339:
1313:
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1207:, ed. (1911).
1205:Chisholm, Hugh
1196:
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1002:United Kingdom
987:
984:
976:internal waves
972:Internal waves
968:
967:Internal waves
965:
949:Camarinal Sill
929:Camarinal Sill
917:Internal waves
908:
905:
899:
896:
884:standard gauge
847:
844:
816:shipping route
803:
802:Communications
800:
788:Army of Africa
774:Following the
693:
690:
638:
635:
631:Eurasian Plate
623:Camarinal Sill
619:Zanclean flood
582:Rifan Corridor
533:
530:
527:
526:
512:
505:Cape Trafalgar
497:
487:
484:
444:
441:
380:" or "Gate of
333:
330:
297:; 160 and 490
291:nautical miles
281:and separates
275:Atlantic Ocean
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4494:Tigres Strait
4492:
4490:
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4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4469:Pemba Channel
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Mafia Channel
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:Canal do Meio
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Canal de Caió
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
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4414:Bab-el-Mandeb
4412:
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4319:
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4313:Skoonbergbaai
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:St Helena Bay
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
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4253:Prinzen Bucht
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4179:
4176:
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4154:
4153:McDougall Bay
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
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4103:John Owen Bay
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Inhambane Bay
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
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4061:
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4058:Harrison Cove
4056:
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4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:Gulf of Tunis
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Gulf of Sidra
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Gulf of Gabès
4006:
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4003:Gulf of 'Agig
4001:
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3834:
3833:Bombetoka Bay
3831:
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3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
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3801:
3799:
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3779:
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3773:Bay of Beylul
3771:
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3759:
3758:Bay of Arguin
3756:
3754:
3753:Bay of Anfile
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3738:Baie de Gorée
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Baía do Nzeto
3726:
3724:
3723:Baía do Lúrio
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Baía do Dande
3711:
3709:
3708:Baía do Bengo
3706:
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3563:
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3449:
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3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3423:Official flag
3421:
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3414:
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3408:
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3392:
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3362:
3359:
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3356:national team
3354:
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3100:Gibraltarians
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2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:RAF Gibraltar
2789:
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2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2749:
2748:
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2746:EU referendum
2744:
2740:
2737:
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2727:
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2715:
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2641:
2638:
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2633:
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2612:
2608:
2605:
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2598:
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2591:
2588:
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2533:
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2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Bristol Hotel
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2482:Windmill Hill
2480:
2478:
2477:Vanguard Cave
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:Gorham's Cave
2450:
2448:
2447:Eastern Beach
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2414:Wildlife Park
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2376:
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2363:
2359:
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2346:
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2338:
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1189:
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1120:
1114:مضيق جبل طارق
1111:
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1073:
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821:
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785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
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742:
738:
735: 40,000
728:
724:
717:
712:
707:
703:
699:
689:
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672:
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664:
661:shearwaters,
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64:
53:
49:
41:مضيق جبل طارق
38:
37:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4478:
4419:Bab Iskender
4298:Saldanha Bay
4148:Lüderitz Bay
4098:Jammer Bucht
4043:Gulf of Zula
4028:Gulf of Suez
3998:Gulf of Aden
3993:Grosse Bucht
3958:Equimina Bay
3908:Dungonab Bay
3898:Deurloopbaai
3828:Bocock’s Bay
3803:Benguela Bay
3763:Bay of Arzew
3733:Baía do Suto
3653:Baía Almeida
3638:Antongil Bay
3560:Indian Ocean
3535:African seas
3491:
3479:
3467:
3455:
3418:Coat of arms
3381:Island Games
3322:Field hockey
3240:Other faiths
3152:Christianity
3092:Demographics
3072:National Day
2937:Study Circle
2899:
2602:court system
2471:
2395:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2243:
2222:World War II
2189:George Rooke
2072:. Retrieved
2068:the original
2048:. Retrieved
2044:the original
2030:(in Spanish)
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1928:
1918:
1910:The Guardian
1908:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1842:
1836:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1804:
1789:
1784:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1643:
1634:
1626:the original
1621:
1612:
1589:
1570:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1545:the original
1540:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1503:The Guardian
1502:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1442:Ars Technica
1441:
1431:
1416:
1408:
1391:
1379:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1316:
1308:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1282:
1273:
1264:
1259:
1239:
1225:
1214:
1199:
1183:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:
1149:
1104:
1053:
1046:
1026:
1022:Isla Perejil
995:
975:
970:
953:
937:thermohaline
935:
933:
922:
901:
849:
813:
790:troops from
773:
761:
747:
743:
739:
723:Neanderthals
720:
679:
640:
637:Biodiversity
615:
607:
575:
550:
519:Europa Point
515:On the East.
514:
509:Cape Spartel
501:On the West.
500:
489:
477:
454:
408:
366:
360:
335:
320:. Under the
303:
269:is a narrow
266:
264:
103:North Africa
25:
4527:Sea of Zanj
4373:Tietiesbaai
4358:Swartstraat
4343:Spencer Bay
4338:Somnaasbaai
4328:Sodwana Bay
4273:Rooiwalbaai
4118:Lambert Bay
4113:Kiwaiyu Bay
4063:Henties Bay
3913:Durissa Bay
3868:Chameis Bay
3848:Cabinda Bay
3843:Bosluisbaai
3813:Betty’s Bay
3768:Bay of Aseb
3648:Arab's Gulf
3613:Algiers Bay
3598:Abu Qir Bay
3550:Alboran Sea
3493:WikiProject
3428:other flags
3351:Rugby union
3159:Anglicanism
2607:LGBT rights
2510:The Convent
2442:Catalan Bay
2362:Environment
2227:Nationality
2204:Great Siege
1767:10630/29356
1551:29 December
1521:23 February
1482:23 February
1364:28 December
1049:tidal power
954:During the
688:pollution.
680:A resident
602:precipitate
564:covered by
553:synorogenic
402:(Strait of
343:Jabal Ṭāriq
185: /
160:Coordinates
4568:Categories
4508:Historical
4383:Walker Bay
4378:Ungama Bay
4353:Struisbaai
4333:Sofala Bay
4308:Sierra Bay
4198:Mossel Bay
4168:Markusbaai
4163:Maputo Bay
4143:Luanda Bay
4138:Lobito Bay
4133:Loango Bay
4108:Kalawy Bay
4073:Horingbaai
3918:Elands Bay
3903:Doringbaai
3873:Chwaka Bay
3808:Bera’esoli
3778:Bay of Edd
3748:Bandombaai
3300:Basketball
2907:Gibtelecom
2712:Parliament
2392:Candytuft
2216:(currency)
1309:Geographia
1096:References
1056:Atlantropa
1027:Under the
990:See also:
888:Casablanca
762:The small
759:language.
671:razorbills
592:. In this
570:Quaternary
374:باب المغرب
312:, and the
256:Max. depth
248:Min. width
4393:Yawri Bay
4363:Table Bay
4323:Slangbaai
4318:Skurfbaai
4268:Roode Bay
4223:Pipas Bay
4218:Pemba Bay
4213:Oran Gulf
4178:Menai Bay
4173:Memba Bay
4158:Manza Bay
4088:Hydra Bay
3968:Farta Bay
3963:False Bay
3623:Ambas Bay
3618:Algoa Bay
3194:Methodism
3122:Languages
3110:in the UK
3028:Education
2967:Cable car
2954:Transport
2680:Elections
2505:City Hall
2467:Sandy Bay
2312:Geography
2269:New Flame
2129:Gibraltar
1776:0148-0227
1715:6 October
1684:6 October
1654:6 October
1573:. Orion.
1569:(2006) .
1511:0261-3077
1413:Cloud, P.
1164:27 August
1119:romanized
958:, German
836:Gibraltar
818:from the
782:tried to
768:Gibraltar
716:Piri Reis
663:Audouin's
655:Scopoli's
556:Betic-Rif
461:Gibraltar
430:romanized
372:(Arabic:
318:Gibraltar
224:Gibraltar
21:Gibraltar
4368:Thysbaai
4263:Rock Bay
4233:Platbaai
4208:Noopbaai
4203:Möwebaai
4183:Meob Bay
4128:Langbaai
4123:Lamu Bay
4053:Hann Bay
3978:Foul Bay
3883:Cuio Bay
3838:Bootbaai
3591:and bays
3543:and seas
3457:Category
3334:Football
3293:By sport
3247:Hinduism
3144:Religion
2912:Panorama
2864:Taxation
2763:Military
2655:Politics
2640:Governor
2614:Passport
2562:Politics
2284:COVID-19
2279:incident
2271:incident
2263:incident
2244:Bedenham
2159:Timeline
2009:Archived
1998:Archived
1975:Archived
1951:Archived
1884:Archived
1814:Archived
1709:Archived
1678:Archived
1648:Archived
1605:BBC News
1597:Archived
1515:Archived
1476:Archived
1472:BirdLife
1452:18 March
1446:Archived
1401:Pliocene
1355:Archived
1326:Archived
1293:21 April
1287:Archived
1248:Archived
1069:Vendavel
1063:See also
1019:disputed
1011:disputed
1005:lies in
903:forces.
892:Tangiers
880: in
852:undersea
824:Atlantic
784:blockade
659:Balearic
651:seabirds
566:Pliocene
443:Location
387:Az-Zuqāq
145:Location
4407:Straits
4398:Yof Bay
4083:Hurdiyo
3575:Red Sea
3469:Commons
3405:Symbols
3317:Cycling
3305:Cricket
3264:Judaism
3204:Diocese
3132:Llanito
3127:English
3023:Cuisine
3016:General
3005:Culture
2962:Airport
2869:Tourism
2835:General
2824:Economy
2717:Speaker
2673:isthmus
2573:General
2430:Natural
2375:Mammals
2335:Geology
2330:Climate
2323:General
2143:History
1847:Bibcode
1820:15 July
1744:Bibcode
1397:Miocene
1395:At the
1332:15 July
1307:Strabo
1138:Archaic
1130:Spanish
1121::
960:U-boats
875:⁄
840:Tangier
828:Ferries
822:to the
764:British
750:Romance
737:years.
692:History
669:gulls,
568:and/or
532:Geology
521:to the
469:Morocco
432::
382:Morocco
378:Maghreb
367:maghrib
364:Bāb al-
306:Morocco
299:fathoms
277:to the
230:Morocco
170:35°57′N
78:Spanish
63:English
3541:Oceans
3481:Portal
3413:Anthem
3209:Bishop
2628:People
2423:Places
2261:Aurora
2163:sieges
2131:topics
2074:24 May
2050:24 May
2016:years.
1957:6 July
1943:
1893:5 July
1796:
1774:
1577:
1509:
1423:
1382:GEOHAB
1311:3.5.5.
1190:
1110:Arabic
858:tunnel
757:Arabic
704:, and
673:, and
586:gypsum
562:flysch
559:clayey
542:Tarifa
486:Extent
393:الزقاق
287:Africa
283:Europe
271:strait
204:Strait
173:5°30′W
74:
59:
48:Arabic
44:
3589:Gulfs
3285:Sport
3252:Islam
3055:Music
2852:coins
2842:Banks
2645:Mayor
2492:Built
2370:Birds
2277:Fedra
1887:(PDF)
1880:(PDF)
1358:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1015:Ceuta
832:Ceuta
578:Betic
546:Spain
473:Ceuta
457:Spain
404:Cadiz
358:use.
356:naval
310:Spain
285:from
235:Spain
211:Basin
4510:seas
3105:list
2887:.gi
2739:2002
2734:1967
2705:2023
2700:2019
2695:2015
2690:2011
2685:2007
2590:2006
2585:1969
2076:2006
2052:2006
1959:2019
1941:ISBN
1895:2019
1822:2011
1794:ISBN
1772:ISSN
1717:2021
1686:2021
1656:2021
1575:ISBN
1553:2009
1523:2019
1507:ISSN
1484:2019
1454:2021
1421:ISBN
1366:2020
1334:2011
1295:2022
1188:ISBN
1166:2024
1159:NASA
855:rail
834:and
778:the
682:orca
665:and
657:and
580:and
490:The
471:and
459:and
295:feet
265:The
199:Type
97:The
2597:Law
1933:doi
1855:doi
1762:hdl
1752:doi
1740:115
838:to
686:PCB
645:by
507:to
419:" (
406:).
352:Gut
316:of
301:).
4570::
2062:.
2038:.
1949:.
1939:.
1927:.
1867:^
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1760:.
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