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used while those engines on the wings were carefully faired with the surface of the wing. Due the central engine being positioned relatively high above the ground, it was fitted with hand-turning gear, while the outboard propellers, which were within reach from the ground, permitted the starting of the outboard engines simply by swinging their propellers. The aircraft was designed to fly on any two of its three engines, as well as to cruise at sufficiently low power expenditure that engine failures were believed to be relatively uncommon to occur. It was therefore claimed that it was unlikely that any
Cruiser would even find itself having to perform a forced landing.
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structural design. When configured as a freighter, which involved the removal of the cabin furnishings, the aircraft could carry a payload of 1,000 lb, or 2.78 lb per horsepower. In such a configuration, the aircraft could achieve an endurance of six hours and a cruising range of approximately 700 miles, although the payload could be increased beyond this if the distance of the journey was shortened. The aircraft was, even when fully loaded, capable of gaining altitude with any one of its three engines stopped.
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The cabin of the
Cruiser was relatively well arranged. Comfortable seating was arranged along the sides of the cabin while lighting was provided via a combination of lights within the roof as well as the side windows, the latter permitted a generous external view to the passengers. A single gangway
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Fuel was housed within two primary tanks located within the wing between the primary spars; each tank had capacity of 60 gallons (273 liters). However, these tanks were not typically completely full, particularly when the aircraft was configured to carry passengers; instead, they would only contain
378:
inverted inline piston engines, two of which were mounted on the wings while the third engine was installed within the nose of the aircraft. Dependent upon customer preferences, alternative engines could be fitted of similar power output and general characteristics. Steel tube engine mountings were
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that was operated by a wheel in the cockpit. Both the elevator and ailerons were actuated via by a hand wheel on a hinged column, a readily-adjustable bar was used for controlling the rudder. A series of rods and cables ran between the flight controls and the various control surfaces across the
318:
coefficient. Furthermore, the
Cruiser had a gross weight to tare weight ratio, when configured as a passenger aircraft, of 1.53, while its freighter guise reportedly achieved 1.65; both values were favourable for the era and indicative considerable engineering skill in respect to the aircraft's
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strut was present that ran to the underside of the forward spar, bent axle hinges were located on the centerline of the base of the fuselage in line with the forward spar, while the radius rod ran to the rear spar.
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enough fuel for roughly four hours at the aircraft's cruising speed. The tanks were interconnected by large balance pipes; fuel pumps were used to supply each engine, feeding directly into their
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was present across the centre of the cabin. Four of the seats were placed between the wing spars while the pilot's seat (on the port side) and that of the fifth passenger were forwards of the
225:. The original three-engined low-wing layout had been retained, however, the plywood fuselage was substituted for by an all-metal fuselage that could accommodate six passengers and two crew.
438:. To mitigate against the failure of a single pump, a cross connection permitted each engine to be supplied by another pump. The oil tanks were located in the fairings behind each engine.
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198:. Due to the close ties between Saro and Spartan Aircraft, the development of the aircraft was transferred to Spartan, and the aircraft was re-designated again as the
330:, although this did not extent to its shape. It was internally divided into transverse sections through a series of light frames that were stiffened via longitudinal
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IV engines, and G-ACKG/VT-AER also used that engine type. Most
Spartan-built Cruiser IIs were powered by three Gipsy Major engines, but G-ACOU/OK-ATM was powered by
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engines. Between 1933 and 1934, twelve
Cruiser IIs were built by Spartan, five of which were exported. Just one licence-built Cruiser II (YU-SAP) was built in
310:. It had a relatively clean exterior which noticeably contributed to the aircraft's performance. Specifically, the aircraft possessed a greater than average
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stiffness; it was thickened and further stiffened at areas close to the fuselage to form a walkway to the cabin door. The aircraft's tail unit comprised a
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III engines. When Saro was financially re-organised, Percival sold his interest in the aircraft to Saro, who re-designated it as the
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457:. In April 1933, Spartan Air Lines initially operated the one Cruiser I (G-ABTY) and two Cruiser IIs (G-ACDW and G-ACDX) from
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202:. The aircraft was modified to accommodate two passenger seats. Starting on 15 June 1932, the Mailplane (G-ABLI) flew from
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of the wing also featured flanges along with three-ply webs. The wing had a three-ply covering that provided considerable
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on 27 June 1932. It was then used for demonstrations, including a 3,593 mile (5,782 km) European sales tour. The
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The fuselage, which was composed entirely of metal, closely conformed with the design principles present in the
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at Cowes in 1931, the aircraft first flying early in 1932. It was a low-winged monoplane with a wooden wing and
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259:, featuring a modified fuselage and cockpit. The first Cruiser II (G-ACBM) flew in February 1933, powered by
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VT- is the prefix for Indian registered aircraft - in this case the aircraft was owned by His
Highness the
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221:. This was designated the Spartan Cruiser, and the prototype (G-ABTY) first flew in May 1932, piloted by
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of the wing. The windows in the sides of the cabin, which could slide for ventilation purposes, were
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The
Mailplane reportedly generated no commercial interest, so the design was re-worked as a
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1345:"Spartan "Cruiser" commercial airplane (British): a six-seat low-wing cantilever monoplane"
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8:
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294:. Only three Cruiser IIIs were built (G-ACYK, G-ADEL and G-ADEM), for Spartan Air Lines.
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728:. This aircraft crashed on 14 January 1938; in 1973, the cabin section was moved by
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1293:
Lowe, Malcolm V. (1994). "Island Hopper: The
Spartan Aircraft Cruiser tri-motor".
461:. Iraq Airwork Limited ordered one aircraft for an experimental air route between
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ordered two aircraft and a licence to build further examples in
Yugoslavia at the
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Isle of Wight
Aviation - Simmonds-Spartan Aircraft Production List & Photos
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473:. Two Cruiser IIs and one Cruiser III were impressed into RAF service in 1940.
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aircraft. Similarly, rods and torque-shafts were used for the engine controls.
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Just one example was built of the basic Cruiser (G-ABTY, later known as the
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monoplane wing was fitted. Its structure comprised two primary box-section
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1299:. No. 56, Winter 1994. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. pp. 52–55.
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729:
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232:). Both the new Cruiser and the Mailplane were displayed at the first
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http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1935/1935%20-%201087.html
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to the flanges of the frame. A relatively wide track split-type
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1229:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985)
27:
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The fuselage of a Cruiser III (G-ACYK) is on display at the
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The Saro-Percival Mailplane was a three-engined monoplane
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683:- Two aircraft impressed into military service in 1940.
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Ltd was formed to operate Cruisers between London and
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The Cruiser was typically powered by a total of three
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taking a total of five days, 23 hours and 50 minutes.
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898:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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inverted inline piston engine, 130 hp (97 kW) each
190:fuselage powered by three 120 hp (89 kW)
1724:
1332:. Vol. 13, no. 10. pp. 545–549.
1328:Stroud, John (October 1985). "Wings of Peace".
752:Spartan Cruiser 3-view drawing from NACA-AC-168
1514:
1016:at aeroflight.co.uk, Retrieved 4 December 2013
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1349:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
848:133 mph (214 km/h, 115.5 kn)
765:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
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1257:British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 3
1238:British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 3
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346:was fitted to the aircraft. A spring-type
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854:115 mph (185 km/h, 100 kn)
1383:Image of Cruiser III registration G-ACYK
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363:while the roof windows were composed of
234:Society of British Aircraft Constructors
1352:, 1 August 1931. NACA-AC-168, 93R19562.
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860:310 mi (499 km, 270 nmi)
421:were provided with horn balances while
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1278:. Belgrade, Serbia: Aerokomunikacije.
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1274:Janić, Čedomir; Petrović, O. (2011).
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425:of the tail was achieved via a screw
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32:Spartan Cruiser over Melbourne, 1934
1276:Short History of Aviation in Serbia
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799:54 ft 0 in (16.46 m)
793:39 ft 2 in (11.94 m)
255:The Cruiser was re-designed as the
13:
1182:"Spartan Cruiser forward fuselage"
1014:Yugoslavia - The Aviation Industry
811:436 sq ft (40.50 m)
805:10 ft 0 in (3.05 m)
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204:Stanley Park Aerodrome (Blackpool)
14:
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760:British Civil Aircraft since 1919
394:flanges and three-ply sides; the
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302:The Spartan Cruiser was a three-
278:One further development was the
150:for 6 to 10 passengers built by
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944:Cruiser wing under construction
314:and a particularly low minimum
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872:630 ft/min (3.2 m/s)
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162:. It was a development of the
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1733:Spartan Aircraft Ltd aircraft
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866:15,000 ft (4,570 m)
823:6,200 lb (2,812 kg)
817:3,650 lb (1,656 kg)
629:Northern and Scottish Airways
1753:Aircraft first flown in 1932
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7:
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744:Specifications (Cruiser II)
732:from the crash site on the
184:Saunders-Roe Limited (Saro)
10:
1769:
990:Jackson 1988, pp. 188-191.
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1378:Spartan Cruiser II G-ACSM
1373:Spartan Cruiser II YI-AAA
1368:Spartan Cruiser II Scheme
1186:National Museums Scotland
718:National Museum of Flight
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1428:Spartan Aircraft Limited
831:de Havilland Gipsy Major
681:Royal Yugoslav Air Force
376:de Havilland Gipsy Major
152:Spartan Aircraft Limited
57:Spartan Aircraft Limited
1743:1930s British airliners
772:General characteristics
623:British Airways Limited
406:structure covered with
164:Saro-Percival Mailplane
1259:. London, UK: Putnam.
1255:Jackson, A.J. (1988).
1240:. London, UK: Putnam.
1236:Jackson, A.J. (1974).
949:8 October 2011 at the
753:
312:aerodynamic efficiency
128:Spartan A.24 Mailplane
1060:Zmaj aircraft company
1004:Lowe 1994, pp. 52-53.
751:
674:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
590:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1205:Stroud 1985, p. 549.
635:Railway Air Services
575:Iraq Airwork Limited
552:Maharajah of Patiala
529:Misr Airwork Limited
326:of Saro's series of
1592:A.22 Segrave Meteor
1231:. Orbis Publishing.
1214:NACA 1930, pp. 4-8.
1157:NACA 1931, pp. 2-3.
1073:NACA 1931, pp. 1-2.
1027:Maharaja of Patiala
821:Max takeoff weight:
442:Operational history
280:Spartan Cruiser III
196:Saro A.24 Mailplane
166:for passenger use.
81:British Airways Ltd
38:General information
1698:Cancelled projects
1170:Flight, 5 May 1935
754:
712:Surviving aircraft
660:Military operators
338:planking that was
257:Spartan Cruiser II
192:de Havilland Gipsy
1738:Low-wing aircraft
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1516:Saunders-Roe/Saro
1482:
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1436:Simmonds Aircraft
1424:Simmonds Aircraft
1330:Aeroplane Monthly
1285:978-86-913973-2-6
647:Spartan Air Lines
505:Bata Shoe Company
447:Spartan Air Lines
334:and completed by
271:, Yugoslavia, by
219:passenger carrier
200:Spartan Mailplane
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101:Introduction date
77:Spartan Air Lines
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1323:. 22 July 1932.
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1298:
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1291:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1266:0-85177-818-6
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1247:0-370-10014-X
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1211:
1202:
1187:
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1177:
1171:
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1129:
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1125:
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1105:
1103:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1049:Zmaj Aircraft
1045:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1001:
999:
997:
987:
985:
983:
981:
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948:
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868:
865:
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859:
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852:Cruise speed:
850:
847:
844:
843:
842:
840:
832:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
815:Empty weight:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
776:
775:
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766:
761:
758:
750:
741:
739:
735:
734:Hill of Stake
731:
727:
723:
719:
707:
704:
703:
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687:
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679:
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510:
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506:
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502:
499:
497:
486:
485:
474:
472:
468:
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460:
456:
455:Isle of Wight
452:
448:
439:
437:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
349:
345:
344:undercarriage
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
295:
293:
292:undercarriage
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
273:Zmaj Aircraft
270:
266:
262:
261:Cirrus Hermes
258:
253:
251:
250:Zmaj aircraft
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
223:Louis Strange
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
167:
165:
161:
160:Isle of Wight
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
73:Primary users
71:
65:
61:
58:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
1596:
1552:A.3 Valkyrie
1474:Three Seater
1468:
1347:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1294:
1275:
1256:
1237:
1228:
1222:Bibliography
1210:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1153:
1092:
1055:
1044:
1033:
1021:
1009:
965:10 July 1931
962:
957:
939:
930:
925:
908:
897:
896:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
838:
836:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
771:
769:
763:
759:
756:
755:
722:East Fortune
715:
445:
432:
382:An all-wood
381:
373:
357:leading edge
353:
332:corrugations
328:flying boats
321:
301:
279:
277:
265:Walter Major
256:
254:
229:
227:
216:
199:
195:
178:designed by
173:
163:
138:was a 1930s
135:
133:
109:First flight
88:Number built
52:Manufacturer
15:
1667:Helicopters
1617:A.37 Shrimp
1602:A.27 London
839:Performance
827:Powerplant:
649:(1933-1935)
643:(1936-1938)
625:(1936-1940)
413:. Both the
275:, in 1935.
170:Development
1727:Categories
1674:Helicogyre
1607:A.29 Cloud
1582:A.19 Cloud
1562:A.7 Severn
1557:A.4 Medina
912:References
809:Wing area:
730:helicopter
436:carburetor
384:cantilever
348:telescopic
306:transport
284:windscreen
242:Yugoslavia
176:mail plane
156:East Cowes
146:transport
1748:Trimotors
1626:SR-series
1536:Kittiwake
1338:0143-7240
1305:0143-5450
917:Citations
797:Wingspan:
785:Capacity:
757:Data from
477:Operators
419:elevators
404:duralumin
400:torsional
365:celluloid
308:monoplane
288:trousered
252:factory.
230:Cruiser I
148:monoplane
1545:A-series
1518:aircraft
1430:aircraft
947:Archived
877:See also
726:Scotland
423:trimming
244:airline
63:Designer
1713:(P.192)
1707:(P.131)
1705:Duchess
1684:Skeeter
1469:Cruiser
1464:Clipper
1443:Spartan
1315:Cruiser
1191:28 July
803:Height:
791:Length:
599:Aeroput
471:Airwork
463:Baghdad
369:luggage
361:triplex
340:riveted
304:engined
246:Aeroput
208:Karachi
188:plywood
144:engined
140:British
117:Retired
96:History
21:Cruiser
1689:XROE-1
1658:SR.177
1633:SR.A/1
1336:
1303:
1282:
1263:
1244:
963:Flight
931:Flight
904:PZL.27
858:Range:
694:
671:
655:(1934)
637:(1936)
631:(1936)
611:
587:
563:
541:
517:
493:
415:rudder
411:fabric
392:spruce
336:alclad
298:Design
286:and a
142:three-
1711:Queen
1679:P.531
1653:SR.53
1643:SR.44
1459:Arrow
779:Crew:
738:Largs
736:near
544:India
520:Egypt
467:Mosul
451:Cowes
408:doped
388:spars
324:hulls
290:main
269:Zemun
212:India
1612:A.33
1572:A.14
1567:A.10
1426:and
1334:ISSN
1301:ISSN
1280:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1193:2020
933:1933
829:3 ×
566:Iraq
465:and
427:jack
417:and
396:ribs
316:drag
134:The
120:1942
112:1932
104:1933
43:Type
1531:T.1
781:Two
206:to
154:at
1729::
1319:.
1184:.
1141:^
1123:^
1101:^
1078:^
1066:^
995:^
971:^
762:,
724:,
720:,
453:,
371:.
210:,
158:,
91:17
1508:e
1501:t
1494:v
1416:e
1409:t
1402:v
1340:.
1317:"
1307:.
1288:.
1269:.
1250:.
1195:.
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