20:
214:." On 23 June 1943 the Soviet leaders ordered the partisans to denounce Polish partisan to the Nazis. The Soviet units were authorized to “shoot the leaders” and “discredit, disarm, and dissolve” their units. Under pretences of cooperation, two sizable Polish partisan units were led to their destruction (a common strategy involved inviting the Polish commanders to negotiations, arresting or murdering them and attacking the Polish partisans by surprise).
746:
Villagers couldn't stand Soviet partisans because they conducted shameful robberies. They stole whatever they could, even children's toys. One doesn't even have to mention that they stole horses, cows, pigs, underwear, etc. There were many cases, when faced with resistance, they hanged poor peasants
250:
was to gain intelligence on German morale and preparedness, and to acquire some badly needed weapons. There are no known joint Polish-German military actions, and the
Germans were unsuccessful in their attempts to turn the Poles toward fighting exclusively against Soviet partisans. Such cooperation
217:
In late 1943, the actions of Soviet partisans, who were ordered to liquidate the AK forces resulted in very limited and uneasy cooperation between some units of the AK and the
Germans. While the AK treated the Germans as the enemy and continued to conduct operations against them, when the Germans
193:
Soviet partisans attacked Polish partisans, villages and small towns in order to weaken the Polish structures in the areas which Soviet Union claimed for itself. Frequent requisitions of food in local villages and brutal reprisal actions against villages considered disloyal to the Soviet Union
272:
Outside pre-1939 Soviet territories, Soviet partisans encountered little support and often significant hostility from local populations, and so unable to acquire supplies from otherwise, they engaged in plunder and terrorised the inhabitants. In some cases, Germans allowed peasants to form
107:
soldiers who evaded capture by the advancing German forces. Lacking support from the local population, the Soviet partisan groups retreated to various large forest complexes in the area, where they hid from the German rear and anti-partisan units.
119:, which while often described as parts of the Polish resistance, were de facto controlled by Soviets, and as such can also be seen as extensions of the Soviet partisans. By the end of July 1944 (when much of Poland had been occupied by the
251:
of local Polish commanders with the
Germans was condemned by the AK High Command and the Polish Supreme Commander in London, who on January 17, 1944, ordered it to be discontinued and the guilty parties disciplined.
273:
self-defense units against Soviet raids, which in extreme cases led to violent clashes between the Soviet partisans and local peasants, resulting in civilian casualties, as was the case with the
747:
by their legs, upside down, to force them into giving something. Behind Willa, in forests and swamps, they formed new units constantly – otriads, which oppressed our villages
226:
areas decided to accept them. However any such arrangements were purely tactical and did not constitute evidence of the type of ideological collaboration as was shown by the
417:
832:
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The armed struggle continued until the arrival of the Red Army in 1944 and well after. Subsequently, over the period of the next few years, the
Soviets and
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842:
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80:
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Until early 1943, the Soviet partisans focused primarily on survival deep behind enemy lines, with their activity limited mostly to
44:
243:
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in April 1943, most of the collaboration between Polish and Soviet partisans came to an end. In addition, as ordered by
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614:
520:
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508:
740:"Forms of constraint applied by the Soviet authorities in relation to the people of Wilejka region". Professor
724:(Great hunt: the persecutions of AK soldiers in the People's Republic of Poland), last accessed on 7 June 2006
151:
423:
292:
By the end of 1943, the
Soviets could claim a significant victory in what they called their war against the
758:
Statiev, Alexander (2014-10-21). "Soviet
Partisan Violence against Soviet Civilians: Targeting Their Own".
695:
171:
218:
offered the AK some arms and provisions to be used against the Soviet partisans, some Polish units in the
320:
708:
175:
79:, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Those groups fought against the Germans, but conflicts with
847:
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would work to successfully eradicate the remains of the anti-Soviet Polish underground, known as the
40:
541:"Raport z badań przeprowadzonych podczas obozu naukowego KWSM na Białorusi i Litwie w lipcu 2003 r."
143:
186:
on June 22, 1943, Soviet partisans began an open conflict against both the German forces and local
615:"W sierpniu 1943 r. partyzantka dokonała dywersji na torach kolejowych między Ostrogiem a Sławutą"
296:
Poles: most large landed estates owned by the Poles had been destroyed by the Soviet partisans.
138:
units. During this early period various Soviet partisan groups also collaborated with the local
713:
400:
471:
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and anti-Soviet; their attitude represented the fact that both powers had invaded Poland, and
671:
667:
663:
524:
199:
76:
198:. Similar assaults on the Polish resistance organizations also took place in the Ukraine.
8:
389:
783:
594:
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806:
787:
775:
655:
598:
551:
516:
477:
353:
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Niemen rzeka niezgody. Polsko-sowiecka wojna partyzancka na NowogrĂłdczyĹşnie 1943-1944
325:
315:
305:
274:
255:
123:) Armia Ludowa had some 20,000–30,000 members, 5,000 of them being Soviet nationals.
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sparked the creation of numerous self-defence units, often joining the ranks of the
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683:
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404:
310:
72:
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447:
771:
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550:(in Polish). Zdzisław J. Winnicki. Wrocław: Wrocław University. pp. 7–17.
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and the Soviet Union were broken off in the aftermath of the discovery of the
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was established in the area in the fall 1939. Polish resistance was both anti-
23:
1939-1945 border changes. Orange line depicts the extent of areas occupied by
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779:
555:
396:
278:
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147:
64:
427:
219:
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805:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos institutas. pp. 466–472.
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argued that the Soviet partisans preferred to assault the less challenging
227:
207:
116:
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Initially the Soviet partisan groups were formed primarily in the areas of
36:
32:
24:
60:
282:
203:
569:
Józef Garliński (April 1975). "The Polish
Underground State 1939-1945".
247:
590:
548:
Zeszyty
Naukowe Koła Wschodnioeuropejskiego Stosunków Międzynarodowych
134:
rather than armed struggle against German forces and collaborationist
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56:
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There were also Soviet-affiliated and controlled groups, namely
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135:
223:
131:
100:
68:
155:
96:
714:
Wielkie polowanie: Prześladowania akowców w Polsce
Ludowej
174:
approached the area, and diplomatic relations between the
16:
Left-wing partisan movements in Poland during World War II
698:, vol. 1, no. 2 (June 1999), City University of New York.
267:
621:(in Polish). Towarzystwo Kultury Polskiej na Donbasie
473:Small nations in times of crisis and confrontation
539:Michał Patyna; Zbigniew Cierpiński (April 2004).
285:and Polish self-defense units rather than German
824:
504:
502:
500:
568:
347:
838:Military history of Poland during World War II
744:. Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie, Wrocław, 1997
833:Second Polish Republic–Soviet Union relations
803:Sovietiniai partizanai Lietuvoje 1941–1944 m.
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
612:
497:
469:
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202:called the Polish resistance the "bands of
160:Polish citizens suffered from Soviet terror
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277:in Polish-Lithuanian borderland in 1944.
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343:
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45:Polish territories annexed by the Soviets
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352:(in Polish). Warsaw: Rytm. p. 336.
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757:
825:
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268:Relations with the civilian population
244:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
800:
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701:
529:
441:
410:
392:Sowjetische Partisanen in WeiĂźruĂźland
162:just as they did from Nazi terror.
619:Na Wołyniu i Podolu, Polacy Donbasu
366:
13:
751:
31:Poland was invaded and annexed by
14:
859:
692:Big Book of Holocaust Revisionism
654:, McFarland & Company, 1997,
515:, McFarland & Company, 1997,
75:were formed in 1941, soon after
794:
571:Journal of Contemporary History
1:
843:Poland–Soviet Union relations
331:
242:or closer to the region, the
772:10.1080/09668136.2014.957928
696:Journal of Genocide Research
546:. In Tomasz Szyszlak (ed.).
419:Gwardia Ludowa, Armia Ludowa
86:
7:
476:. SUNY Press. p. 100.
321:Lithuanian partisans (1941)
299:
165:
10:
864:
583:10.1177/002200947501000202
424:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
176:Polish government in exile
115:, later transformed into
801:Zizas, Rimantas (2014).
348:Zygmunt Boradyn (1999).
43:in 1939. In the pre-war
39:in the aftermath of the
470:Yohanan Cohen (1989).
401:Marek Jan Chodakiewicz
103:(modern Vilnius) from
73:Soviet partisan groups
28:
525:Google Print, p.98-99
95:(modern Navahrudak),
22:
457:in Encyklopedia PWN
289:and police targets.
200:Communist propaganda
146:, later renamed the
77:Operation Barbarossa
47:(modern-day western
760:Europe-Asia Studies
742:Franciszek Sielicki
711:, 02.10.04 Nr 232,
707:Andrzej Kaczyński,
613:Ryszard Zieliński.
453:12 May 2014 at the
719:2007-12-19 at the
664:Google Print, p.88
652:Poland's Holocaust
648:Tadeusz Piotrowski
513:Poland's Holocaust
509:Tadeusz Piotrowski
246:. The Poles' main
83:were also common.
63:regions, known to
41:invasion of Poland
29:
812:978-9955-847-88-5
483:978-0-7914-0018-0
359:978-83-87893-08-8
326:Naliboki massacre
316:Koniuchy massacre
306:Bielski partisans
275:Koniuchy massacre
256:Polish communists
140:Polish resistance
855:
848:Soviet partisans
817:
816:
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792:
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766:(9): 1525–1552.
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430:on June 19, 2015
426:, archived from
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311:Jewish partisans
188:Polish partisans
81:Polish partisans
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261:cursed soldiers
236:Quisling regime
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150:. The Polish
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448:Armia Ludowa
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407:, April 2006
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228:Vichy regime
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110:
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37:Soviet Union
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27:in 1939-1941
25:Soviet Union
738:(in Polish)
726:(in Polish)
459:(in Polish)
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204:White Poles
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827:Categories
682:Review by
625:2006-05-01
390:Review of
332:References
283:Belarusian
248:motivation
220:NowogrĂłdek
93:NowogrĂłdek
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780:0966-8136
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294:bourgeois
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451:Archived
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