351:. As part of these formations at the beginning of German air raids had more than 600 fighters; more than 1,000 guns of small and medium calibers; 350 machine guns; 124 fixed anti-aircraft barrage balloons; 612 stations and 600 anti-aircraft searchlights. The presence of such large forces and their skilful management foiled enemy attempts to inflict massive air strikes. Only 2.6 percent of the total number of Axis aircraft flew in the outskirts of Moscow as a result of their efforts. Air defence forces defending Moscow destroyed 738 enemy aircraft. Assaults by the 6th Fighter Aviation Corps inflicted heavy blows, destroying 567 enemy aircraft on the ground. The Air Defence Forces destroyed 1,305 aircraft and in combat with the armies of Nazi Germany and its allies, alongside the Air Force, destroyed 450 tanks and 5,000 military vehicles.
340:. At the outbreak of war, air defence forces were in the midst of rearmament. Anti-aircraft artillery teams had few of the latest 37 mm automatic and 85 mm guns. Moreover, the troops were deficient in Yak-1s and MiG-3s; 46 percent of the fleet were obsolete aircraft. Increased rates of production were initiated to provide the troops with new equipment. In July 1941, the National Defence Committee took several measures to strengthen the forces guarding Moscow and Leningrad, Yaroslavl and Gorky industrial areas, and strategic bridges across the Volga. To this end, the formation of parts of the IA, IN, anti-aircraft machine gun and searchlight units were accelerated.
94:
635:
53:
2674:
2643:
2653:
2613:
2603:
2583:
964:) was initially established in 1975, to be celebrated on April 11. In 1980 this was changed to the second Sunday of April. It is still celebrated in the Russian Federation even after the 1998 merger of the Air Defence Forces with the Air Force. The unofficial motto of the PVO is 'Сами не летаем – другим не дадим'('Sami ne letaem – drugim ne dadim'), which can be translated as "Don't fly – don't let others" / "If we can't fly – we won't let anyone else either".
2593:
2705:
2695:
2623:
2573:
2633:
196:
1295:
2515:
396:
which 4,168 and 3,145 were targeted by the IA antiaircraft artillery, machine guns and barrage balloons. More than 80,000 soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals of the
Country Air Defence Forces were awarded state orders and medals, and 92 soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and one was twice awarded the Gold Star Medal in service with the PVO.
922:, the air fleet of the PVO included roughly 2,200 fighters and interceptors. The personnel and equipment of many units were left in newly independent republics, although the impact of the loss was reduced by the relocation of some units back to Russia. The Russian Air Defence Forces ultimately inherited about 65% of final Soviet PVO assets.
395:
During the Second World War, the Air
Defence Forces provided defensive cover to defense industry complexes and vital communication elements, and successfully minimized aerial damage to Soviet industrial and transportation capacity. In the course of the war, the PVO destroyed 7,313 German aircraft, of
711:
In 1977, the Air Forces and Air
Defence Forces were re-organised in the Baltic states and the Leningrad Oblast (a trial run for the larger re-organisation in 1980 covering the whole country). All fighter units in the PVO were transferred to the VVS, the PVO only retaining the anti-aircraft missile
1032:
The PVO structure during the Cold War and in Russia until 1998 consisted of three specialized branches: the
Radiotechnical Troops (радиотехнические войска), Surface-to-Air Missile Troops (зенитно-ракетные войска), and Fighter Aviation (истребительная авиация; istrebitel'naya aviatsiya;
2481:"Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 1" by A.G. Lenskiy and M.M. Tsybin, Saint Petersburg 2013, 164 pages. Comprehensive history of the Air Defence Forces, with unit histories of all units in existence during the last years of the USSR. Volume 2 is expected in 2014.
672:(formed 1954). The rest of the country was initially divided into PVO regions covering Belarus, the Ukraine, the Baltics and Central Asia. However, in 1960 it appears that most of the PVO regions/areas were reorganised into seven separate armies of the Air Defence Forces – the
805:
down, and modernization programmes within the PVO had led to the installation of radar and communications systems at the state border that could not effectively pass tracking data to systems closer to Moscow. PVO Commander-in-Chief
Marshal
810:
was only among the first to be removed from his position. Over 150 officers, mostly from the PVO, were tried in court and removed from their posts. A large-scale changeover of senior officers of the force more generally followed as well.
388:, and caused the division of the Transcaucasian Air Defence Area, which this year have been reorganized as the North, the South and the Transcaucasian Air Defence Fronts, air defence forces in the vicinity of Moscow were renamed the
362:
1713:
1226:
365:) was appointed. In January 1942, to improve the interaction of forces and air defence systems, the fighter aircraft and crews manning them were ordered to be subordinated to the Air Defence Command. In April 1942, the
2547:
470:
938:
556:
1093:
653:)), under Lieutenant-General of Artillery Yuri Votintsev, was formed within the Air Defence Forces. In February 1971 the 1st Division for Warning Against Missile Attack (1st Division WAMA,
1706:
2540:
586:
In May 1954, the PVO Strany was raised to a status equal to the other service branches of the Soviet Armed Forces, receiving its first commander-in-chief: Marshal of the Soviet Union
801:'s flight to Moscow in May 1987 caused a massive shakeup within the PVO. It seems that after the KAL 007 shootdown of 1983, no one was willing to give an order to bring Rust's tiny
564:
661:)) was formed with HQ in Solnechnegorsk, the 57th Separate Radiotechnical Nod in Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast and the 129th Separate Radiotechnical Nod in Skrunda, Latvian SSR.
783:
airspace, and had to make an emergency landing when a Soviet Air Force Su-15 fired on it. Soviet government officials finally admitted their mistake much to the anger of the
426:
Northern Front PVO 21 April 1944 – 23 December 1944 formed from
Headquarters, Western PVO Front (1st formation); re-flagged as Headquarters, Western PVO Front (2nd formation)
2777:
2533:
370:
1238:
1191:
1127:
385:
210:
2772:
1186:
1768:
2721:
1220:
1181:
1149:
1144:
1077:
1072:
1067:
344:
1027:
2329:
George M. Mellinger, Chapter IV, Soviet
Deployments and Military Districts, 1990, in Soviet Armed Forces Review Annual 14:1990, Academic International Press
768:
list of 17 January 1980. That total included 15 Air
Defence Forces schools (four Fighter Aviation, five radio-electronics, and six Anti-Aircraft Rocket).
380:
In June 1943, the Office of the
Commander of Air Defence Forces of the country was disbanded. Following the reorganization in April 1944 that created the
2752:
2057:
This army, corps, and division data is drawn from Feskov et al. 2004, pp. 151–152. Corrections where necessary have been made from
Michael Holm's site,
941:) with the 16th Guards, 20th, and 94th Mukden Air Defence Divisions). In 1998, the force groupings and headquarters of the PVO that had remained within
358:
177:(VVS) and Air Defence Troops of Ground Forces. During the Soviet period it was generally ranked third in importance of the Soviet services, behind the
787:
and the United States governments. It even resulted in the forced and sudden resignation of the then Armed Forces Chief of the General Staff, Marshal
404:
During the war PVO formations were organised as Air Defence Fronts and Air Defence Armies. PVO Fronts normally covered airspace over several ground
2747:
1665:
437:
Southern Front PVO 21 April 1944 – 24 December 1944 formed from Headquarters, Eastern PVO Front; re-flagged as Headquarters, Southwestern PVO Front
434:
Moscow Front PVO 6 April 1942 – 10 July 1943 formed from Headquarters, Moscow PVO Corps Region; re-flagged as Headquarters, Special Moscow PVO Army
607:
aircraft. There were a number of such aircraft shot down while operating around the Soviet borders, including MiG-17s downing a US reconnaissance
937:. In accordance with a December 1994 directive, the 14th Independent Air Defence Army was reorganized as the 6th Independent Air Defence Corps (
2519:
2302:
2492:. Europe @ War (20). Vol. 1 Build-up and Operational History of the Soviet Air Defence Force, 1945–1960. Warwick, UK: Helion & Co.
1648:
1945:
343:
A classic example of a major political organization of defence and industrial center was the defence of Moscow. It was carried out by the
1827:
717:
560:
309:
1920:
1970:
791:, in the following year by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (leader of the Soviet Union)
1745:
2102:
2767:
2656:
2586:
2497:
2437:
1765:
1273:
278:
934:
2742:
2560:
2314:
1441:
1381:
576:
262:
1796:
1685:
628:
2465:
2360:
2027:
1635:
1210:
1199:
1166:
1156:
775:
after the civilian airliner had crossed into restricted Soviet airspace and was mistaken for a spy plane. Previously
705:
697:
693:
689:
283:
1924:
1871:
1102:
1061:
926:
681:
677:
2256:
2231:
2206:
2181:
2156:
2131:
2484:«На страже северного неба» (Москва, 2005) председатель совета ветеранов 10-й армии ПВО генерал-майор А. С. Иванов
2081:
1249:
1088:
1083:
919:
389:
1847:
721:
348:
173:
in 1998. Unlike Western air defence forces, V-PVO was a branch of the military unto itself, separate from the
2762:
1055:
302:
1595:
832:
807:
2757:
1729:
the formation of PVO (Strany) as a co-equal with other services of the Soviet armed forces in May of 1954
1106:
1041:
950:
756:
665:
1663:
2525:
1214:
1170:
392:. In the Far East in March 1945, three air defence armies were established: Maritime, Amur and Baikal.
2606:
1993:, The Collapse of the Soviet Military, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1998, pp. 107–111
1564:
736:
669:
611:
over Armenia, with 17 casualties in 1958. The PVO gained an important victory on May 1, 1960, when a
381:
2061:
907:
878:
366:
295:
933:
in the Urals was transformed into the 5th Independent Air Defence Corps, which in 1998 became the
93:
1646:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1421:
1327:
1321:
1269:
1045:
608:
580:
440:
Southwestern Front PVO 24 December 1944 – 9 May 1945 formed from Headquarters, Southern PVO Front
215:
178:
664:
Organisationally, there were two main PVO districts for most of the USSR's postwar history, the
2452:
1941:
1627:
1456:
1437:
1394:
1259:
1122:
1112:
901:
572:
1831:
354:
On November 9, 1941, the post of the Commander of the Air Defence Forces was created and
2412:
1990:
1893:
1245:
1176:
866:
776:
772:
701:
597:
374:
332:
Preparations for creation of the air defence forces started in 1932, and by the beginning of
2596:
1795:[October 4 – Day of Military Space Forces in Russia] (in Russian). Prazdnuem. n.d.
1307:
1138:
1051:
792:
740:
685:
673:
333:
166:
1037:). Armies, corps, and divisions of the PVO were made up of units from all three branches.
377:
were later raised. These were the first operational formations of the Air Defence Forces.
8:
2708:
2279:"19th independent Red Banner Air Defence Army - 19-я отдельная Краснознамённая армия ПВО"
552:
450:
449:
All the possible air components were divided (as of 1945, before the 1949 reforms of the
405:
187:
159:
67:
1355:
429:
2nd formation 24 December 1944 – 9 May 1945 formed from Headquarters, Northern PVO Front
2698:
2626:
2576:
2556:
1742:"Intrusions, Overflights, Shootdowns and Defections During the Cold War and Thereafter"
1361:
1002:
624:
604:
645:
On March 30, 1967, a Directorate of the Chief of Anti-Missile and Anti-Space Defence (
423:
1st formation 29 June 1943 – 20 April 1944 renamed to Headquarters, Northern PVO Front
2677:
2636:
2493:
2461:
2433:
2426:
2400:
2379:
2356:
2310:
1966:
1741:
1631:
946:
895:
860:
845:
337:
241:
170:
712:
units and radar units – the 6th Independent Air Defence Army was disbanded, and the
2616:
2106:
1347:
536:
521:
506:
491:
476:
458:
409:
174:
113:
1707:"History Of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense (Vol. 1, Pt. 2) 1945–1955"
634:
2646:
2457:
2065:
1851:
1772:
1669:
1652:
1516:
1471:
1466:
988:
981:
788:
764:
748:
642:
The PVO had its own chain of command, schools, radar and sound director sites.
563:, among its regiments, were transferred to the PVO Strany, becoming part of the
2447:
1623:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1558:
1552:
1540:
1511:
1461:
1374:
1339:
995:
974:
728:
587:
1921:"The Soviet Military Education System for Commissioning and Training Officers"
2736:
2404:
2383:
2301:
1546:
1534:
1528:
1506:
1018:
The post was then disestablished with the merger of the PVO and VVS in 1998.
713:
594:
355:
1792:
1681:
1501:
1434:
1333:
1315:
930:
798:
732:
620:
57:
2673:
2034:
1967:"Рейс "KAL" # 902 по расписанию не прибыл / История / Независимая газета"
1496:
1402:
1388:
1160:
784:
762:
Shelton lists a total of 140 officer commissioning schools, drawn from a
616:
246:
228:
155:
2652:
2642:
2612:
2602:
2582:
2555:
2278:
1863:
704:. In 1963 the 30th independent Air Defence Corps in Tashkent became the
408:; these should not be confused with each other. The Air Defence Fronts (
2252:
2227:
2202:
2177:
2152:
2127:
1408:
802:
744:
612:
2077:
727:
During the 1980s, the PVO interceptor units were re-equipped with the
2704:
2694:
2622:
2592:
2572:
1280:
1011:
General of the Army Viktor Prudnikov – September 1991 – December 1997
647:Управление командующего войсками противоракетной и противокосмической
2632:
2103:"4-я отдельная Краснознамённая армия ПВО, в/ч 10866 (г. Свердловск)"
1844:
780:
752:
223:
1131:
195:
1008:
General of the Army Ivan Тret'yak – 31 May 1987 – 24 August 1991
571:. There, the regiment became one of the first equipped with the
2514:
2397:
Soviet Air Defense Forces in the last years of the USSR: Part 3
2376:
Soviet Air Defense Forces in the last years of the USSR: Part 2
2283:
Soviet Armed Forces 1945-1991: Organisation and order of battle
1996:
1901:
1428:
1294:
953:, and the 4th, 5th, 6th, 11th, and 14th Armies of VVS and PVO.
942:
603:
if they penetrated Soviet airspace. Secondary target were U.S.
600:
77:
2008:
1942:"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-321B HL7429 Korpijärvi Lake"
1258:
12th Air Defence Corps (Rostov-na-Don, Rostov Oblast) (became
1414:
579:
jet fighters. In April 1950, the regiment received its first
568:
1116:
165:
Formed in 1941, it continued being a service branch of the
1014:
Colonel-General Viktor Sinitsin – December 1997 – Feb 1998
967:
2722:
List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
1928:
2393:Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 3
2372:Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 2
2058:
1452:
Previous fighter aircraft operated by the PVO included:
743:. The modernization of the PVO prioritized units in the
724:
and training assets, which were moved to the Air Force.
720:. By 1981, the now Voyska PVO had been stripped of many
1255:
Communications Center (Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast)
1028:
List of Corps & Divisions of the Russian Air Force
2424:
Scott, Harriet Fast; Scott, William Fontaine (1979).
469:) – air forces assigned to fighting fronts, known as
2778:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
399:
2425:
327:
2773:Military units and formations established in 1948
638:Soviet Air Defence Forces surface-to-air missiles
2734:
2350:
2002:
1907:
1793:"4 октября – День военно-космических сил России"
1417:– 300+ sites, 2 or 4 missile launchers and rails
336:, June 1941, there were 13 PVO zones within the
655:1-я Дивизия предупреждения о ракетном нападении
2419:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
1782:15 January 2009. Retrieved: 15 September 2012.
1265:14th Air Defence Corps (Tbilisi, Georgian SSR)
629:Strategic Air Command#Strategic Reconnaissance
2541:
2399:] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Info Ol.
2390:
2378:] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Info Ol.
2369:
2303:International Institute for Strategic Studies
2014:
951:Moscow District of Air and Air Defence Forces
896:Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation
303:
105:Air defense branch of the Soviet Armed Forces
1891:
840:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
551:The PVO Strany was separated from the other
593:The PVO's principal role was to shoot down
505:Reserve forces of the Stavka High Command (
2753:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
2548:
2534:
2423:
2351:Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitry (2012).
718:Air Forces of the Baltic Military District
561:180th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO
310:
296:
194:
2487:
1759:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1531:- Obsolete short-range air-to-air missile
814:
1293:
853:USSR, Commonwealth of Independent States
633:
169:after 1991 until it was merged into the
2748:1948 establishments in the Soviet Union
2446:
968:Commanders-in-Chief, Air Defence Forces
902:Aviation of the Military Maritime Fleet
867:Aviation of the Military Maritime Fleet
2735:
1923:, a bibliographical description and a
1894:"1st Guards Fighter Aviation Division"
1612:
1522:
1235:56th Air Defence Corps (Semipalatinsk)
771:On 1 September 1983 the PVO shot down
2657:Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces
2529:
2353:Soviet Air Defence Aviation 1945–1991
2105:. Russianarms.mybb.ru. Archived from
557:15th Guards Fighter Aviation Division
416:) had the following service history:
2411:
2391:Lenskii, A.G.; Tsybin, M.M. (2015).
2370:Lenskii, A.G.; Tsybin, M.M. (2014).
2338:The Military Balance 2010. p.222,223
2276:
1447:
1274:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
1272:" Air Defence Corps (Alyaty (Baku),
555:services in 1949. In June 1949, the
279:Military history of the Soviet Union
2417:The Collapse of the Soviet Military
1944:. Aviation-safety.net. 1978-04-20.
1934:
1864:"12th independent Air Defence Army"
1799:from the original on April 26, 2012
1785:
1289:
1094:765th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO
935:5th Air and Air Defence Forces Army
741:S-300 surface-to-air missile system
735:, while missile units received new
13:
2561:Commonwealth of Independent States
2475:
2432:. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
1225:39th Air Defence Corps (Irkutsk) (
846:Workers and Peasants Red Air Fleet
577:Mikoyan-and-Gurevich Design Bureau
263:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
14:
2789:
2507:
2309:. London: Brassey's. p. 38.
1845:http://www.ww2.dk/new/pvo/pvo.htm
1719:from the original on 22 July 2011
1567:- Medium-range air-to-air missile
1561:- Medium-range air-to-air missile
1537:- Medium-range air-to-air missile
1246:19th Independent Air Defence Army
1211:14th Independent Air Defence Army
1200:12th Independent Air Defence Army
1157:10th Independent Air Defence Army
706:12th Independent Air Defence Army
400:Structure during Second World War
284:History of Russian military ranks
142:protivovozdushnaya oborona strany
2703:
2693:
2672:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2513:
1776:National Vigilance Park- NSA/CSS
1766:"The Shootdown of Flight 60528."
1585:- Short-range air-to-air missile
1579:- Short-range air-to-air missile
1543:- Short-range air-to-air missile
1103:6th Independent Air Defence Army
1062:4th Independent Air Defence Army
927:4th Independent Air Defence Army
751:due to the threat from American
475:PVO Territorial Defence Forces (
122:voyska protivovozdushnoy oborony
92:
51:
2332:
2323:
2307:The military balance. 1991-1992
2295:
2270:
2259:from the original on 2013-04-29
2245:
2234:from the original on 2013-10-03
2220:
2209:from the original on 2013-10-04
2195:
2184:from the original on 2013-10-04
2170:
2159:from the original on 2013-10-05
2145:
2134:from the original on 2013-10-05
2120:
2095:
2084:from the original on 2013-10-05
2070:
2051:
2020:
1984:
1973:from the original on 2013-09-04
1959:
1948:from the original on 2011-04-27
1913:
1885:
1874:from the original on 2017-07-26
1856:
1830:. Brinkster.com. Archived from
1820:
1748:from the original on 2013-05-14
1688:from the original on 2013-10-05
1573:- Long-range air-to-air missile
1555:- Long-range air-to-air missile
1549:- Long-range air-to-air missile
1492:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed
1302:The PVO inventory of 1991 was:
1250:Transcaucasus Military District
1167:11th Red Banner Army of the PVO
1089:764th Fighter Aviation Regiment
1084:763rd Fighter Aviation Regiment
861:Military Air Forces of the USSR
822:Historical Air Forces of Russia
328:Service during Second World War
152:Anti-Air Defence of the Country
2028:"Russian titled documentation"
1811:
1734:
1699:
1674:
1657:
1640:
1487:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 Farmer
1482:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 Fresco
1205:24th and 37th Corps of the PVO
363:ru:Громадин, Михаил Степанович
349:6th Fighter Aviation Corps PVO
271:History of the Soviet Military
1:
2520:Air force of the Soviet Union
2488:Dabrowski, Krzysztof (2022).
2078:"Moscow Air Defence District"
1601:
1477:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot
1431:– 850 sites, 15 more building
1422:Almaz S-200 Angara\Vega\Dubna
1397:in service in 1990 included:
1194:and 29th Divisions of the PVO
1056:Belorussian Military District
565:20th Fighter Air Defence Army
2768:Military of the Soviet Union
2428:The Armed Forces of the USSR
2277:Holm, Michael (2013-02-17).
2033:. Old.vko.ru. Archived from
2003:Gordon & Komissarov 2012
1908:Gordon & Komissarov 2012
1606:
1596:Joint CIS Air Defense System
1227:ru:Мукденское соединение ПВО
1021:
994:Marshal of the Soviet Union
980:Marshal of the Soviet Union
973:Marshal of the Soviet Union
833:Emperor's Military Air Fleet
545:PVO nedeystvuyuschih frontov
500:armiya PVO territorii strany
485:voiska PVO territorii strany
481:войска ПВО территории страны
255:Ranks of the Soviet Military
7:
1892:Michael Holm (2015-01-01).
1817:See Vad777 and Michael Holm
1684:. Pvo.guns.ru. 2005-04-27.
1589:
1442:A-35 missile defence system
1279:10th Air Defence Division (
1107:Leningrad Military District
1042:Moscow Air Defence District
939:ru:6-й_отдельный_корпус_ПВО
757:United States Pacific Fleet
666:Moscow Air Defence District
575:, the first of a series of
520:PVO of military districts (
496:армия ПВО территории страны
444:
10:
2794:
2344:
1215:Siberian Military District
1171:Far East Military District
1025:
1001:Chief Marshal of Aviation
737:electronic countermeasures
420:Western Air Defence Front
386:Eastern Air Defence Fronts
322:
2743:Soviet Air Defence Forces
2717:
2686:
2665:
2567:
2015:Lenskii & Tsybin 2014
1969:. Nvo.ng.ru. 2004-06-11.
1668:October 24, 2008, at the
1630:, Hamish Hamilton, 1982,
1415:Isayev S-125 Neva\Pechora
1239:41st Air Defence Division
1192:24th Air Defence Division
1128:14th Air Defence Division
958:Day of Air Defence Forces
541:ПВО недействующих фронтов
540:
525:
510:
495:
480:
462:
413:
117:
110:Soviet Air Defence Forces
88:
83:
73:
63:
46:
38:
30:
23:
19:Soviet Air Defence Forces
18:
2253:"60th Air Defence Corps"
2228:"49th Air Defence Corps"
2203:"54th Air Defence Corps"
2178:"27th Air Defence Corps"
2153:"20th Air Defence Corps"
2128:"19th Air Defence Corps"
1744:. Myplace.frontier.com.
1248:(19th Army of the PVO) (
1187:6th Air Defence Division
581:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15s
535:PVO of inactive fronts (
490:PVO Territorial Armies (
367:Moscow Air Defence Front
1472:Lavochkin La-15 Fantail
1395:Surface-to-air missiles
1328:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
1322:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23
1046:Special Purpose Command
908:Strategic Rocket Forces
879:Strategic Rocket Forces
873:Anti-Air Defence Troops
609:Lockheed C-130 Hercules
390:Moscow Air Defence Army
375:Baku Air Defence Armies
216:Strategic Rocket Forces
181:and the Ground Forces.
179:Strategic Rocket Forces
138:Anti-Air Defence Troops
2453:Inside the Soviet Army
2355:. Manchester: Hikoki.
1919:Christina F. Shelton,
1628:Inside the Soviet Army
1457:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3
1438:Anti-Ballistic Missile
1299:
1260:51st Air Defence Corps
1232:50th Air Defence Corps
1221:38th Air Defence Corps
1182:23rd Air Defence Corps
1150:60th Air Defence Corps
1145:49th Air Defence Corps
1123:54th Air Defence Corps
1113:27th Air Defence Corps
1078:20th Air Defence Corps
1073:19th Air Defence Corps
925:In December 1994, the
920:Soviet Union dissolved
815:Under the Russian flag
779:had once crossed into
639:
573:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9
467:deystvuyuschaya armiya
2059:http://www.ww2.dk/new
1651:May 21, 2013, at the
1507:Tupolev Tu-28 Fiddler
1497:Sukhoi Su-9 Fishpot-C
1298:A Sukhoi Su-15 Flagon
1297:
1252:) - listing for 1988
1177:8th Air Defence Corps
1068:5th Air Defence Corps
949:becoming part of the
945:were merged with the
777:Korean Air Flight 902
773:Korean Air Flight 007
702:19th Air Defence Army
637:
598:Strategic Air Command
369:was founded, and the
345:1st Air Defence Corps
2763:Disbanded air forces
2607:Kazakhstan Air Force
2597:Belarusian Air Force
2587:Azerbaijan Air Force
2522:at Wikimedia Commons
1925:link to the document
1502:Sukhoi Su-11 Fishpot
1467:Lavochkin La-11 Fang
1462:Lavochkin La-9 Fritz
1409:Lavochkin S-75 Dvina
1389:Beriev A-50 Mainstay
1139:8th Air Defence Army
1080:(Perm, Perm Oblast)
1052:2nd Air Defence Army
987:Marshal of Aviation
793:Konstantin Chernenko
623:, causing the short
334:Operation Barbarossa
167:Russian Armed Forces
2709:Ukrainian Air Force
1523:Air-to-air missiles
1283:, Volgograd Oblast)
722:command and control
553:Soviet Armed Forces
530:PVO voennyh okrugov
526:ПВО военных округов
451:Soviet Armed Forces
188:Soviet Armed Forces
160:Soviet Armed Forces
68:Soviet Armed Forces
2758:Air defence forces
2699:Georgian Air Force
2627:Moldovan Air Force
2577:Armenian Air Force
2064:2010-12-01 at the
1850:2017-06-04 at the
1771:2014-06-01 at the
1583:R-73, AA-11 Archer
1362:Aero L-39 Albatros
1300:
1003:Alexander Koldunov
888:Russian Federation
759:carrier aircraft.
668:(formed 1950) and
640:
625:U-2 crisis of 1960
605:air reconnaissance
338:military districts
237:Air Defence Forces
2730:
2729:
2678:Turkmen Air Force
2637:Russian Air Force
2518:Media related to
2499:978-1-915070-71-5
2439:978-0-89158-276-2
2017:, pp. 55–56.
1931:format, Appendix.
1565:R-27, AA-10 Alamo
1517:Yak-25 Flashlight
1448:Obsolete aircraft
1044:(now the Russian
1005:– 1978 – May 1987
947:Russian Air Force
916:
915:
515:rezerv Stavki VGK
511:резерв Ставки ВГК
463:действующая армия
320:
319:
100:
99:
2785:
2707:
2697:
2676:
2655:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2617:Kyrgyz Air Force
2615:
2605:
2595:
2585:
2575:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2517:
2503:
2490:Defending Rodinu
2471:
2443:
2431:
2420:
2413:Odom, William E.
2408:
2387:
2366:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1938:
1932:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1860:
1854:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1661:
1655:
1644:
1638:
1621:
1577:R-60, AA-8 Aphid
1553:R-40, AA-6 Acrid
1541:K-13, AA-2 Atoll
1529:K-5, AA-1 Alkali
1356:Aero L-29 Delfín
1290:Inventory (1991)
1064:(HQ Sverdlovsk)
819:
818:
739:systems and the
542:
527:
512:
497:
482:
471:frontal aviation
464:
415:
359:Mikhail Gromadin
312:
305:
298:
198:
184:
183:
175:Soviet Air Force
119:
96:
56:
55:
54:
42:14 February 1992
24:Войска ПВО СССР
16:
15:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2713:
2682:
2661:
2647:Tajik Air Force
2563:
2554:
2510:
2500:
2478:
2476:Further reading
2468:
2458:Hamish Hamilton
2448:Suvorov, Viktor
2440:
2363:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2066:Wayback Machine
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:Wayback Machine
1837:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1773:Wayback Machine
1764:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:. p. 151.
1709:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1670:Wayback Machine
1662:
1658:
1653:Wayback Machine
1645:
1641:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1592:
1571:R-33, AA-9 Amos
1559:R-23, AA-7 Apex
1525:
1450:
1292:
1030:
1024:
989:Vladimir Sudets
982:Sergey Biryuzov
970:
817:
789:Nikolai Ogarkov
765:Krasnaya Zvezda
615:missile downed
447:
402:
330:
325:
316:
233:
140:; and formerly
106:
103:
52:
50:
26:Voyska PVO SSSR
25:
12:
11:
5:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2509:
2508:External links
2506:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2444:
2438:
2421:
2409:
2388:
2367:
2361:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2316:978-0080413259
2315:
2294:
2269:
2244:
2219:
2194:
2169:
2144:
2119:
2094:
2069:
2050:
2019:
2007:
2005:, p. 185.
1995:
1991:William E Odom
1983:
1958:
1933:
1912:
1910:, p. 178.
1900:
1884:
1855:
1819:
1810:
1784:
1758:
1733:
1698:
1673:
1656:
1639:
1624:Viktor Suvorov
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1535:K-8, AA-3 Anab
1532:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1512:Yakovlev Yak-9
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1440:, part of the
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1375:Tupolev Tu-128
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1340:Mikoyan MiG-31
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1266:
1263:
1256:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1223:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1202:(HQ Tashkent)
1197:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1164:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1120:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1075:
1070:
1059:
1049:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
999:
996:Pavel Batitsky
992:
985:
978:
975:Leonid Govorov
969:
966:
962:Den' Voysk PVO
914:
913:
912:
911:
910:(1991–present)
905:
904:(1991–present)
899:
898:(1991–present)
890:
889:
885:
884:
883:
882:
876:
870:
864:
855:
854:
850:
849:
842:
841:
837:
836:
829:
828:
827:Russian Empire
824:
823:
816:
813:
808:A. I. Koldunov
729:Mikoyan MiG-31
588:Leonid Govorov
549:
548:
533:
518:
503:
488:
473:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
435:
432:
431:
430:
427:
424:
401:
398:
329:
326:
324:
321:
318:
317:
315:
314:
307:
300:
292:
289:
288:
287:
286:
281:
273:
272:
268:
267:
266:
265:
257:
256:
252:
251:
250:
249:
244:
239:
234:
232:
231:
226:
220:
218:
213:
205:
204:
200:
199:
191:
190:
158:branch of the
104:
101:
98:
97:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
28:
27:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2790:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2467:0-241-10889-6
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2362:9781902109251
2358:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2335:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2109:on 2013-10-04
2108:
2104:
2098:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2040:on 2011-08-23
2036:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1834:on 2013-10-04
1833:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1687:
1683:
1682:"Вестник ПВО"
1677:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1636:0-241-10889-6
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:R-4, AA-5 Ash
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1029:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
986:
983:
979:
976:
972:
971:
965:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:
887:
886:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
857:
856:
852:
851:
847:
844:
843:
839:
838:
834:
831:
830:
826:
825:
821:
820:
812:
809:
804:
800:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
766:
760:
758:
755:missions and
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:Sukhoi Su-27P
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
714:15th Air Army
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
651:УКВ ПРО и ПКО
648:
643:
636:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
596:
595:United States
591:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
546:
538:
534:
531:
523:
519:
516:
508:
504:
501:
493:
489:
486:
478:
474:
472:
468:
460:
457:Active army (
456:
455:
454:
452:
439:
436:
433:
428:
425:
422:
421:
419:
418:
417:
411:
407:
397:
393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
356:Major General
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
313:
308:
306:
301:
299:
294:
293:
291:
290:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
274:
270:
269:
264:
261:
260:
259:
258:
254:
253:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
219:
217:
214:
212:
211:General Staff
209:
208:
207:
206:
202:
201:
197:
193:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
135:
134:
129:
128:
123:
115:
111:
102:Military unit
95:
91:
87:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
17:
2489:
2451:
2427:
2416:
2396:
2392:
2375:
2371:
2352:
2334:
2325:
2306:
2297:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:
2272:
2261:. Retrieved
2247:
2236:. Retrieved
2222:
2211:. Retrieved
2197:
2186:. Retrieved
2172:
2161:. Retrieved
2147:
2136:. Retrieved
2122:
2111:. Retrieved
2107:the original
2097:
2086:. Retrieved
2072:
2053:
2042:. Retrieved
2035:the original
2022:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1975:. Retrieved
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1936:
1915:
1903:
1887:
1876:. Retrieved
1867:
1858:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:the original
1822:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1787:
1779:
1775:
1761:
1750:. Retrieved
1736:
1728:
1721:. Retrieved
1701:
1690:. Retrieved
1676:
1659:
1642:
1451:
1435:ABM-1 Galosh
1393:
1334:Sukhoi Su-27
1316:Sukhoi Su-15
1308:interceptors
1301:
1034:
1031:
1017:
961:
957:
955:
931:Ekaterinberg
924:
917:
872:
799:Mathias Rust
797:
785:South Korean
770:
763:
761:
726:
710:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
644:
641:
592:
585:
550:
544:
529:
514:
499:
484:
466:
448:
403:
394:
379:
353:
342:
331:
236:
164:
151:
146:
145:
141:
137:
132:
131:
126:
125:
121:
109:
107:
64:Part of
58:Soviet Union
1429:Almaz S-300
1424:– 130 sites
1403:S-25 Berkut
1268:15th "Lvov
1161:Arkhangelsk
998:– 1966–1978
991:– 1962–1966
984:– 1955–1962
977:– 1954–1955
881:(1959–1992)
875:(1948–1992)
869:(1918–1992)
863:(1918–1992)
848:(1918–1991)
835:(1909–1917)
716:became the
617:Gary Powers
406:Army Fronts
229:Soviet Army
156:air defence
74:Garrison/HQ
34:24 May 1918
2737:Categories
2557:Air Forces
2288:2022-05-25
2263:2013-10-03
2255:. Ww2.dk.
2238:2013-10-03
2230:. Ww2.dk.
2213:2013-10-03
2205:. Ww2.dk.
2188:2013-10-03
2180:. Ww2.dk.
2163:2013-10-03
2155:. Ww2.dk.
2138:2013-10-03
2130:. Ww2.dk.
2113:2013-10-03
2088:2013-10-03
2080:. Ww2.dk.
2044:2013-10-03
1977:2013-10-03
1952:2013-10-03
1878:2017-05-10
1868:www.ww2.dk
1838:2013-10-03
1803:October 5,
1752:2013-10-03
1692:2013-10-03
1602:References
1368:In storage
1270:Red Banner
1141:(HQ Kiev)
1026:See also:
803:Cessna 172
745:High North
613:S-75 Dvina
414:Фронты ПВО
242:Air Forces
203:Components
154:) was the
147:PVO strany
127:voyska PVO
118:войска ПВО
2669:Associate
2405:861180616
2384:861180616
1607:Citations
1281:Volgograd
1022:Structure
918:When the
371:Leningrad
171:Air Force
39:Disbanded
2450:(1982).
2415:(1998).
2305:(1991).
2257:Archived
2232:Archived
2207:Archived
2182:Archived
2157:Archived
2132:Archived
2082:Archived
2062:Archived
1971:Archived
1946:Archived
1872:Archived
1848:Archived
1797:Archived
1780:nsa.gov,
1769:Archived
1746:Archived
1714:Archived
1686:Archived
1666:Archived
1649:Archived
1590:See also
1384:aircraft
1348:trainers
1262:in 1998)
781:Murmansk
753:spyplane
749:Far East
747:and the
659:1-я дПРН
453:) into:
445:Cold War
347:and the
224:Red Army
84:Insignia
2559:of the
2345:Sources
1723:8 March
1132:Tallinn
627:. (See
601:bombers
537:Russian
522:Russian
507:Russian
492:Russian
477:Russian
459:Russian
410:Russian
382:Western
323:History
150:, lit.
136:, lit.
114:Russian
89:Roundel
47:Country
31:Founded
2690:Former
2496:
2464:
2436:
2403:
2382:
2359:
2313:
1634:
1427:1,700
1420:1,950
1413:1,000
1407:2,400
1401:1,400
1306:2,370
1035:IA-PVO
943:Russia
700:, and
78:Moscow
2395:[
2374:[
2038:(PDF)
2031:(PDF)
1828:"PVO"
1717:(PDF)
1710:(PDF)
1382:AWACS
569:Oryol
133:V-PVO
2494:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2434:ISBN
2401:OCLC
2380:OCLC
2357:ISBN
2311:ISBN
1843:and
1805:2010
1778:via
1725:2011
1632:ISBN
1373:100
1360:400
1354:200
1346:600
1338:270
1332:230
1326:480
1320:890
1314:500
1159:(HQ
1117:Riga
956:The
731:and
698:14th
694:11th
690:10th
670:Baku
559:and
384:and
373:and
247:Navy
108:The
1929:PDF
1927:in
1387:15
929:at
686:8th
682:6th
678:4th
674:2nd
621:U-2
619:'s
567:at
2739::
2460:.
2456:.
2281:.
1870:.
1866:.
1727:.
1626:,
1614:^
1217:)
1173:)
1130:,
1115:,
1109:)
795:.
708:.
696:,
692:,
688:,
684:,
680:,
676:,
631:)
590:.
583:.
543:,
539::
528:,
524::
513:,
509::
498:,
494::
483:,
479::
465:,
461::
412::
162:.
144:,
130:,
124:,
120:,
116::
2549:e
2542:t
2535:v
2502:.
2470:.
2442:.
2407:.
2386:.
2365:.
2319:.
2291:.
2266:.
2241:.
2216:.
2191:.
2166:.
2141:.
2116:.
2091:.
2047:.
1980:.
1955:.
1898:.
1896:.
1881:.
1841:.
1807:.
1755:.
1695:.
1276:)
1229:)
1213:(
1169:(
1163:)
1119:,
1105:(
1058:)
1054:(
1048:)
960:(
657:(
649:(
547:)
532:)
517:)
502:)
487:)
361:(
311:e
304:t
297:v
112:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
