Solid South - Knowledge

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that it has become redundant. One of Lassiter's many fascinating demonstrations of racism's superfluousness is his recounting of the actual use of the "southern strategy." The strategy obviously failed the Dixiecrats in 1948 and the GOP in 1964. The only time Nixon seriously tried to appeal to southern racism, in the 1970 midterm elections, the South rejected his party and elected Democrats like Jimmy Carter and Dale Bumpers instead (pp. 264–74). To win a nationwide majority, Republicans and Democrats alike had to appeal to the broad middle-class privileges that most people believed they had earned. Lassiter suggests that the first step on the way out of hypersegregation and resegregation is to stop indulging in comforting narratives. The most comforting narratives attribute the whole problem to racists and the Republicans who appease them.

1580: 2050: 688:, which provided for stripping representation from states that reduced suffrage due to race. From 1896 until 1900, the House of Representatives with a Republican majority had acted in more than thirty cases to set aside election results from Southern states where the House Elections Committee had concluded that "lack voters had been excluded due to fraud, violence, or intimidation". However, in the early 1900s, it began to back off, after Democrats won a majority, which included Southern delegations that were solidly in Democratic hands. However, concerted opposition by the Southern Democratic bloc was aroused, and the effort failed. 462:" Democrats had taken control of all state governments in the South. From then until the 1960s, state and local government in the South was almost entirely monopolized by Democrats. The Democrats elected all but a handful of U.S. Representatives and Senators, and Democratic presidential candidates regularly swept the region – from 1880 through 1944, winning a cumulative total of 182 of 187 states. The Democrats reinforced the loyalty of white voters by emphasizing the suffering of the South during the war at the hands of "Yankee invaders" under Republican leadership, and the noble service of their white forefathers in " 825: 282: 2213: 498:

other laws including various devices to restrict voter registration, disfranchising virtually all black and many poor white residents. These devices applied to all citizens; in practice they disfranchised most black citizens and also "would remove the less educated, less organized, more impoverished whites as well – and that would ensure one-party Democratic rules through most of the 20th century in the South". All the Southern states adopted provisions that restricted voter registration and suffrage, including new requirements for

1382:), won not only those Southern states that had been carried by either Harding or Coolidge (Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Maryland), but also won Florida, North Carolina, Texas, and Virginia, none of which had voted Republican since Reconstruction. He furthermore came within 3% of carrying the Deep South state of Alabama. Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover all carried the two Southern states that had supported Hughes in 1916, West Virginia and Delaware. Al Smith received serious backlash as a Catholic in 1296:, observed: "The victorious party not only held in line those States which are usually relied upon to give Republican majorities ... More significant still, it invaded the Solid South, and bore off West Virginia, Maryland, and Kentucky; caused North Carolina to tremble in the balance and reduced Democratic majorities in the following States: Alabama, 39,000; Arkansas, 29,000; Florida, 6,000; Georgia, 49,000; Louisiana, 33,000; South Carolina, 6,000; and Texas, 29,000. These facts, taken together with 1267: 1708: 474: 2519: 2391: 979: 124: 1686:

undermined landlord or merchant hegemony, diversified agriculture and transformed it from a labor- to a capital-intensive industry, and ended the legal and extra-legal support for racism. The discontinuity that war, invasion, military occupation, the confiscation of slave property, and state and national legislation failed to bring in the mid-19th century, finally arrived in the second third of the 20th century. A "second reconstruction" created a real New South.

16849: 1678:: voters in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina had switched parties for the first time since Reconstruction. Goldwater notably won only in Southern states that had voted against Republican Richard Nixon in 1960, while not winning a single Southern state which Nixon had carried. Previous Republican inroads in the South had been concentrated on high-growth suburban areas, often with many transplants, as well as on the periphery of the South. 1862: 1659: 1426: 1351: 697: 108: 567: 16839: 2620: 2515:

Alabama, North Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana Legislatures, a majority in the Kentucky House of Representatives and Virginia Senate, a near majority of the Tennessee House of Representatives, and a majority of the U.S. House delegations from Arkansas, North Carolina, Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, as well as near-even splits of the Georgia and Alabama U.S. House delegations.

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Goldwater-versus-Johnson campaign more southern whites voted Republican than Democratic, a pattern that has recurred in every subsequent presidential election. ... Before the 1964 presidential election the Republican party had not carried any Deep South state for eighty-eight years. Yet shortly after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, hundreds of Deep South counties gave Barry Goldwater landslide majorities.

16859: 538:, both of which were seen as benefiting Northern industrial interests at the expense of the agrarian South in the 19th century. Nevertheless, holding all political power was at the heart of their resistance. From 1876 through 1944, the national Democratic party opposed any calls for civil rights for black people. In Congress Southern Democrats blocked such efforts whenever Republicans targeted the issue. 1056:, West Virginia did not send the majority of its soldiers to the Union. The prospect of those returning ex-Confederates prompted the Wheeling state government to implement laws that restricted their right of suffrage, practicing law and teaching, access to the legal system, and subjected them to "war trespass" lawsuits. The lifting of these restrictions in 1871 resulted in the election of 530:. He is not meddling with politics, for he found that the more he meddled with them the worse off he got. As to his "rights"—I will not discuss them now. We of the South have never recognized the right of the negro to govern white men, and we never will.... I would to God the last one of them was in Africa and that none of them had ever been brought to our shores. 14172:

Deep South in 1964, four of them states that had voted Democratic for 84 years (Califano 1991, 55). He forged a new identification of the Republican party with racial conservatism, reversing a century-long association of the GOP with racial liberalism. This in turn opened the door for Nixon's "Southern strategy" and the Reagan victories of the eighties.

15222: 1510:, commander of the Allied armed forces during World War II, carried several Southern states, with especially strong showings in the new suburbs. Most of the Southern states he carried had voted for at least one of the Republican winners in the 1920s, but in 1956, Eisenhower carried Louisiana, becoming the first Republican to win the state since 1821:"divisions over the size of government (including taxes, social programs, and regulation), national security, and moral issues such as abortion and gay rights, with racial issues only one of numerous areas about which liberals and conservatives disagree," were responsible for the realignment. When looked at broadly, studies have shown that 1076:

Democratic state in the nation between 1932 and 1996, being one of just two states (along with Minnesota) to vote for a Republican president as few as three times in that interval. Moreover, unlike Minnesota (or other nearly as reliably Democratic states like Massachusetts and Rhode Island), it usually had a unanimous (or nearly unanimous)

614:(South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana), Democratic dominance was overwhelming, with Democrats routinely receiving 80%–90% of the vote, and only a tiny number of Republicans holding state legislative seats or local offices. Mississippi and South Carolina were the most extreme cases – between 2551:

elected or reelected Republicans governors. Most significantly, Republicans took control of both houses of the Alabama and North Carolina State Legislatures for the first time since Reconstruction, with Mississippi and Louisiana flipping a year later during their off-year elections. Even in Arkansas, the GOP

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for which they had often not fielded candidates. They also went from eight to 15 out of 35 seats in the state senate and from 28 to 45 out of 100 in the State House of Representatives. In 2012, the Republicans finally took control of the Arkansas State Legislature and the North Carolina Governorship.

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bolted from the Democratic party simultaneously. The Upper South had backed Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956, as well as Nixon in 1960. The Deep South had backed Goldwater just four years prior. Despite the two regions of the South still backing different candidates, Wallace in the Deep South and Nixon in

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The elected Governor, Joseph Taylor Robinson, resigned on March 8, 1913 to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. President of the state Senate William Kavanaugh Oldham acted as governor for six days before a new Senate President was elected. Junius Marion Futrell, as the new president of

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In contrast to the former Confederate states, nearly half the African American population was free before the Civil War, and some had accumulated property. Literacy was high among African Americans and, as Democrats crafted means to exclude them, suffrage campaigns helped reach blacks and teach them

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To prevent such coalitions in the future and to end the violence associated with suppressing the black vote during elections, Southern Democrats acted to disfranchise both black people and poor white people. From 1890 to 1910, beginning with Mississippi, Southern states adopted new constitutions and

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In 1981 Republicans took control of the Senate for the first time since 1953, but most Southern elected officials remained white Democrats. When Republicans took control of the House in 1995, white Democrats still comprised one-third of the South's tally. ... white Southern Democrats have met their

1876:, Richard Nixon saw the cracks in the Solid South as an opportunity to tap into a group of voters who had historically been beyond the reach of the Republican Party. With the aid of Harry Dent and South Carolina Senator Strom Thurmond, who had switched to the Republican Party in 1964, Nixon ran his 1035:

of the Border States than the percentages in the former Confederate states from 1870 to 1960. Less than 10% of the population of West Virginia was African American. In Kentucky, 5-20% of the state's population was African American. In Delaware, 10-20% of the state's population was African American.

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In the 1930s, black voters outside the South largely switched to the Democrats, and other groups with an interest in civil rights (notably Jews, Catholics, and academic intellectuals) became more powerful in the party. A number of conservative Southern Democrats felt chagrin at the national party's

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and disenfranchise black people. The U.S. government under the Republican Party had defeated the Confederacy, abolished slavery, and enfranchised black people. In several states, black voters were a majority or close to it. Republicans supported by black people controlled state governments in these

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was made in 1863, Tennessee was already under Union control. Accordingly, the Proclamation applied only to the 10 remaining Confederate states. Some of the border states abolished slavery before the end of the Civil War—Maryland in 1864, Missouri in 1865, one of the Confederate states, Tennessee in

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By 2000, however, the New Deal party alignment no longer captured patterns of partisan voting. In the intervening 40 years, the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts had triggered an increasingly race-driven distinction between the parties. ... Goldwater won the electoral votes of five states of the

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from 1968 to 1990 (although the Democrats had a narrow minority throughout the 1990s), while with single-term exceptions (Alabama from 1965 to 1967, Tennessee from 1973 to 1975, and South Carolina from 1981 to 1983) and the exception of Florida (which had its delegation turn majority Republican in

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West Virginia was perhaps the most reliably Democratic state in the nation between 1932 and 1996, being one of just two states (along with Minnesota) to vote for a Republican president as few as three times in that interval. Moreover, unlike Minnesota (or other nearly as reliably Democratic states

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while winning every former Confederate state except Virginia. Well into the 1980s, much of the Northeast – in particular the heavily suburbanized states of New Jersey and Connecticut, and the rural states of northern New England – were strongholds of the Republican Party. The Democratic Party made

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The Democrat-dominated state legislature tried to pass disfranchising bills in 1905, 1907, and 1911, but was rebuffed on each occasion, in large part because of black opposition and strength. Black men comprised 20% of the electorate and had established themselves in several cities, where they had

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In an original analysis of national politics, Lassiter carefully rejects "racereductionist narratives" (pp. 4, 303). Cliches like "white backlash" and "southern strategy" are inadequate to explain the conservative turn in post-1960s politics. ... Racism has not been overcome. One might say rather

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While Republicans occasionally won southern states in elections in which they won the presidency in the Solid South, it was not until 1960 that a Republican carried any of the 11 former Confederate states or Oklahoma while losing the election. This table includes data for all 16 states considered

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Because of these and other events, the Democrats lost ground with white voters in the South, as those same voters increasingly lost control over what was once a whites-only Democratic Party in much of the South. The 1960 election was the first in which a Republican presidential candidate received

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parts of Alabama and Georgia would vote Republican in presidential elections through this period. Arkansas consistently voted Democratic from 1876 to 1964, though Democratic margins were lower than in the Deep South. Even in 1939, Florida was described as "still very largely an empty State," with

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provided for apportionment of representation in Congress to be reduced if a state disenfranchised part of its population. However, this clause was never applied to Southern states that disenfranchised black residents. No black candidate was elected to any office in the South for decades after the

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Although Republicans gradually began doing better in presidential elections in the South starting in 1952, Republicans did not finish taking over Southern politics at the nonpresidential level until the elections of November 2010. On the eve of the 2010 elections, Democrats had a majority in the

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Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the South was still overwhelmingly Democratic at the state level, with majorities in all state legislatures and most U.S. House delegations. Over the next 30 years, this gradually changed. Veteran Democratic officeholders retired or died, and older voters who were

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from 1876 to 1964 (12 out of 23). Delaware voted for the Democratic Party presidential candidate from 1876 to 1892, but then consistently voted for the Republican Party presidential candidate from 1896 to 1932, except in 1912 for Woodrow Wilson when the Republican Party split. Delaware voted for

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Even after white Democrats regained control of state legislatures, some black candidates were elected to local offices and state legislatures in the South. Black U.S. Representatives were elected from the South as late as the 1890s, usually from overwhelmingly black areas. Also in the 1890s, the

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and 1895, which swept Missouri and Tennessee, Maryland and Kentucky over into the country of the enemy, have caused Southern statesmen to seriously consider whether the so-called Solid South is not now a thing of past history". The former Confederate states stayed mostly a single bloc until the

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Events surrounding the presidential election of 1964 marked a watershed in terms of the parties and the South (Pomper, 1972). The Solid South was built around the identification of the Democratic party with the cause of white supremacy. Events before 1964 gave white southerners pause about the

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of New Orleans, defeated several Democratic incumbents, and gained a number of Democratic-held open seats. They won the majority in the congressional delegations of every Southern state. Most Solid South states, with the exceptions of Arkansas, Kentucky, North Carolina, and West Virginia, also

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When a significant change finally occurred, its impetus came from outside the South. Depression-bred New Deal reforms, war-induced demand for labor in the North, perfection of cotton-picking machinery, and civil rights legislation and court decisions finally... destroyed the plantation system,

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Today, the South is considered a Republican stronghold at the state and federal levels. As of 2023, Republicans account for a majority of every Southern state's House delegation apart from Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Republicans also control 10 of the 11 state legislatures in the former

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However, Republicans returned to power in 1896, controlling the governorship for eight of the next nine terms, and electing 82 of 106 U.S. Representatives until 1932. In 1932, as the nation swung to the Democrats, West Virginia again became solidly Democratic. It was perhaps the most reliably

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We did not disfranchise the negroes until 1895. Then we had a constitutional convention convened which took the matter up calmly, deliberately, and avowedly with the purpose of disfranchising as many of them as we could under the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments. We adopted the educational

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The events of 1964 laid open the divisions between the South and national Democrats and elicited distinctly different voter behavior in the two regions. The agitation for civil rights by southern blacks continued white violence toward the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson's

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The weird thing about Jim Crow politics is that white southerners with conservative views on taxes, moral values, and national security would vote for Democratic presidential candidates who didn't share their views. They did that as part of a strategy for maintaining white supremacy in the

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Officials who acted as governor for less than ninety days are excluded from this chart. This chart is intended to be a visual exposition of party strength in the solid south and the dates listed are not exactly precise. Governors not elected in their own right are listed in italics.

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When the Republican party nominated Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater—one of the few senators who had opposed the Civil Rights Act—as their presidential candidate in 1964, the party attracted many southern whites but permanently alienated African-American voters. Beginning with the

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the Upper South, only Texas, Maryland, and West Virginia had held up against the majority Nixon-Wallace vote for Humphrey. By 1972, Nixon had swept the South altogether, Upper and Deep South alike, marking the first time in American history a Republican won every Southern state.

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supported. Before the measure went to popular vote, a bill was proposed that would have effectively passed the requirements of the Digges Amendment into law. Due to widespread public opposition, that measure failed, and the amendment was also rejected by the voters of Maryland.

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Maryland voted for the Democratic Party presidential candidate from 1868 to 1892, but the 1896 presidential election was a realignment in the state, similar to West Virginia. Maryland voted for the Republican Party presidential candidate from 1896 to 1928, except for Democrat

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In my State there were 135,000 negro voters, or negroes of voting age, and some 90,000 or 95,000 white voters.... Now, I want to ask you, with a free vote and a fair count, how are you going to beat 135,000 by 95,000? How are you going to do it? You had set us an impossible

1106:, the state was exceedingly close, with McKinley becoming the first Republican presidential candidate to carry Kentucky, by a mere 277 votes, or 0.06352%. McKinley's victory was, by percentage margin, the seventh-closest popular results for presidential electors on record. 1913:

The independent candidacy of George Wallace, former Democratic governor of Alabama, partially negated Nixon's Southern Strategy. With a much more explicit attack on integration and black civil rights, Wallace won all but two of Goldwater's states (the exceptions being

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Since both the Governor and Lieutenant Governor had been impeached, the former resigning and the latter being removed from office, Stone, as president of the Senate, was next in line for the governorship. He filled the unexpired term and was later elected in his own

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comparative security. In addition, immigrant men comprised 15% of the voting population and opposed these measures. The legislature had difficulty devising requirements against blacks that did not also disadvantage immigrants. In 1910, the legislature proposed the

665:. In Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia, Republicans retained a significant presence mainly in remote Appalachian regions which supported the Union during the Civil War, winning occasional U.S. House seats and often drawing over 40% in presidential votes. 2029:. The year 1976 was the last year a Democratic presidential candidate won a majority of Southern electoral votes, or won Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, and South Carolina in a presidential election. The Republicans took all the region's electoral votes in the 11829: 1986:, said in 2006 that Nixon did not have a "Southern Strategy", but "Border State Strategy" as he said that the 1968 campaign ceded the Deep South to George Wallace. Hart suggested that the press called it a "Southern Strategy" as they are "very lazy". 13994:

linkage between the Democratic Party and white supremacy, but the 1964 election, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 altered in the minds of most the positions of the national parties on racial issues.

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597:'s 1912 election to the disfranchisement of black people in the South, and also noted far-reaching effects in Congress, where the Democratic South gained "about 25 extra seats in Congress for each decade between 1903 and 1953". Journalist 11229:

was lieutenant governor under Huey Long and stated that he would succeed Long when Long left for the Senate, but Long demanded Cyr forfeit his office. King, as president of the state Senate, was elevated to lieutenant governor and later

1814:. Many analysts believe the Southern Strategy that has been employed by Republicans since the 1960s is now virtually complete, with Republicans in dominant, almost total, control of political offices in the South since the 2010s. 1093:

and the role of corporations in the middle 1890s, and lost the governorship for the first time in forty years in 1895. In contrast to the former Confederate States, Kentucky was part of the Upper South and bordered the industrial

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and only elected two Republicans as governor (albeit for a combined 20 years between them). West Virginian voters shifted toward the Republican Party from 2000 onward, as the Democratic Party became more strongly identified with

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Nationally Maryland citizens achieved the most notable rejection of a black-disfranchising amendment. The power of black men at the ballot box and economically helped them resist these bills and disfranchising effort. Republican

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Kentucky did usually vote for the Democratic Party in presidential elections from 1877 to 1964, but was still a competitive state at both the state and federal levels. The Democratic Party in the state was heavily divided over

2589:, every state legislative chamber in the South had a Republican majority for the first time ever. Republicans would control every state legislature in the former Confederate states until Democrats regained both Houses of the 2204:, Republicans captured a majority of the U.S. House's southern seats for the first time. There were also increasing numbers of migrants from other areas, especially in Florida, Georgia, Texas, North Carolina, and Virginia. 907:'s "old soldier" and "grandfather clause" exemptions from literacy tests. Oklahoma and other states quickly reacted by passing laws that created other rules for voter registration that worked against blacks and minorities. 268:

since the 1960s to increase their electoral power in the South. Republicans have been in dominant, almost total, control of political offices in the South since 2010. The main exception to this trend has been the state of

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The elected governor, Hoke Smith, resigned to take his elected seat in the United States Senate. John M. Slaton, president of the senate, served as acting governor until Joseph M. Brown was elected governor in a special

2639:. It got an earlier start in the trend towards the Republican Party than the rest of the region. It voted Republican for president in 13 of the 14 elections between 1952 and 2004, the exception being Lyndon B. Johnson's 11410:

aggressive leadership all facilitated passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. ... In the South, 1964 should be associated with GOP growth while in the Northeast this election contributed to the eradication of Republicans.

399:, created in 1863 from Unionist and Confederate counties of Virginia, was represented in both Union and Confederate legislatures, and was the only border state to have civilian voting in the 1863 Confederate elections. 1888:. Liberal Northern Democrats accused Nixon of pandering to Southern whites, especially with regard to his "states' rights" and "law and order" positions, which were widely understood by black leaders to legitimize the 1802:, including every Southern state, the Republican Party remained quite weak at the local and state levels across the entire South for decades. Republicans first won a majority of U.S. House seats in the South in the 14393: 11825: 2387:, and was born in South Carolina. The border states have split in the 21st century, with Maryland and Delaware being Democratic strongholds while Kentucky and West Virginia are Republican strongholds. 1674:

In November 1964, Johnson won a landslide electoral victory, and the Republicans suffered significant losses in Congress. Goldwater, however, besides carrying his home state of Arizona, carried the

684:(R-IN) filed an independent report urging that the Southern states be stripped of seats due to the large numbers of voters they had disfranchised. He noted this was provided for in Section 2 of the 13748: 2363:, Al Gore received no electoral votes from the South, even from his home state of Tennessee, apart from heavily urbanized and uncontested Maryland and Delaware. The popular vote in Florida was 466:

This rhetoric was effective with many Southerners. However, this propaganda was totally ineffective in areas that had been loyal to the Union during the war, such as eastern Tennessee. Most of

806:, which in theory applied to all potential voters, but in practice were administered in a discriminatory manner by white officials. The Republican Party began to make gains in the South after 1258:

throughout most of the twentieth century. The Republican Party ensured Black people could vote because of their general support for Republicans and thus undid restrictions on Black suffrage.

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Gubernatorial terms were increased from two to four years during Jelks' governorship; his first term was filling out Samford's two-year term, and he was elected in 1902 for a four-year term.

2284:. The argument that the South shifted to the Republicans in part by having higher ideological support for conservatism gains support from the Northeast having higher ideological support for 1188:

to the state constitution. It would have used property requirements to effectively disenfranchise many African American men as well as many poor white men (including new immigrants). The

1060:, a Democrat, to the governorship. It also led to the rejection of the war-time constitution by public vote and a new constitution written under the leadership of ex-Confederates such as 15910: 785:

becoming a majority of the state's population. Many of these new residents brought their Republican voting habits with them, diluting traditional Southern hostility to the Republicans.

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In 2014, both houses of the West Virginia legislature were finally taken by the GOP, and most other legislative chambers in the South up for election that year saw increased GOP gains.

1072:. In 1876 the state Democratic ticket of eight candidates were all elected, seven of whom were Confederate veterans. For nearly a generation West Virginia was part of the Solid South. 1032: 891: 716:

was elected U.S. Representative from Texas in 1920, serving until 1932. The Republican national landslides in 1920 and 1928 had some effects. In the 1920 elections, Tennessee elected

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qualification as the only means left to us, and the negro is as contented and as prosperous and as well protected in South Carolina to-day as in any State of the Union south of the

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Removed from office upon being convicted of illegally using campaign and inaugural funds to pay personal debts; he was later pardoned by the state parole board based on innocence.

2494:, Democrats won 3 out of 4 U.S. House seats from Mississippi, 3 out of 4 in Arkansas, 5 out of 9 in Tennessee, and achieved near parity in the Georgia and Alabama delegations. In 15884: 13125: 15374: 2145:

in 1992 to George Bush, but won it in 1996. The year 1996 was the last year a Democratic presidential candidate won Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia.

12103: 12035: 11048:(D), his challenger in the election, was shot on January 30, 1900. The next day, the legislature named Goebel governor. However, Goebel died from his wounds three days later. 720:

and five out of 10 Republican U.S. Representatives, and became the first former Confederate state to vote for a Republican candidate for U.S. President since Reconstruction.

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was defeated in 2014, being the last white Democratic Representative in a state that George Wallace won in 1968 (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia).

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1865, West Virginia in 1865, and the District of Columbia in 1862. However, slavery persisted in Delaware, Kentucky, and 10 of the 11 former Confederate states, until the

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controlled southern state legislatures and most local, state and federal officeholders in the South were Democrats. During the late 19th century and early 20th century,

15841: 1324:, disfranchisement of blacks and many poor whites was complete, and voter rolls had dropped dramatically in the South. Closing out Republican supporters gave a bump to 127:

Arkansas voted Democratic in all 23 presidential elections from 1876 through 1964; other states were not quite as solid but generally supported Democrats for president.

2627:(Democrats in blue and dark blue) showcased Republican political domination in the South, with most of the few Democratic districts in the South being demographically 2425: 2408: 2384: 1077: 15317: 14031: 16893: 13837: 13791: 1648: 1557:

helped secure King's release. King expressed his appreciation for these calls. Although King made no endorsement, his father, who had previously endorsed Republican

593:, a Catholic New Yorker. Even in that election, the divided South provided Smith with nearly three-fourths of his electoral votes. Scholar Richard Valelly credited 13883: 13450: 395:. The Confederacy controlled more than half of Kentucky and the southern portion of Missouri early in the war but largely lost control in both states after 1862. 16363: 1328:, who took all the electors across the South (apart from Delaware and West Virginia), as the Republican Party was stifled without support by African Americans. 773:

Southern demography also began to change. From 1910 through 1970, about 6.5 million black Southerners moved to urban areas in other parts of the country in the

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people who resented the Democratic Party establishment. Populists formed alliances with Republicans (including black Republicans) and challenged the Democratic

16343: 16085: 10802: 10798: 6764: 6754: 2762: 2752: 685: 554: 408: 16348: 16328: 16318: 15351: 15294: 11736: 6784: 2782: 2652: 2624: 2523: 2491: 2201: 1297: 819: 13481: 12469: 890:, whose white settlers were Southerners seeking a start in new lands following the American Civil War. Oklahoma disenfranchised its black population, which 16358: 16353: 16338: 16333: 16323: 16313: 10794: 10790: 2676: 2495: 2312: 2308: 1395: 1317: 1114: 1110: 1103: 959: 951: 927: 919: 747:

with conservative Republicans in 1937 to stymie further New Deal legislation. Roosevelt was unsuccessful in attempting to purge some of these conservative

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received serious backlash as a Catholic in the largely Protestant South in 1928. Smith only managed to hold Arkansas, the home state of his running mate

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systems, and most Southern states ended their racially discriminatory primary elections. They retained other techniques of disenfranchisement, such as

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won the 5 Deep South states, all but Louisiana for the first time since Reconstruction. The only other state he carried was his home state of Arizona.

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electoral votes from the former Confederacy while losing nationally. Nixon carried Virginia, Tennessee, and Florida. Though the Democrats also won

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Kuhn, Clifford (1997). ""There's a Footnote to History!" Memory and the History of Martin Luther King's October 1960 Arrest and Its Aftermath".

12654: 950:(1943-1949). Oklahoma shifted earlier to supporting Republican presidential candidates, with the state voting for every Republican ticket since 16888: 11383:

Bullock, Charles S.; Hoffman, Donna R.; Gaddie, Ronald Keith (2006). "Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004".

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Harold D, Woodman summarizes the explanation that external forces caused the disintegration of the Jim Crow South from the 1920s to the 1970s:

15863: 12788: 12134: 12058: 16913: 16862: 14696: 6774: 2772: 1623:: "I think we just delivered the South to the Republican Party for a long time to come." In contrast, Johnson's Republican opponent, Senator 767: 453: 15589: 14864: 14781: 14226: 12062: 2675:. The Democratic Party has won most statewide races in Virginia since 2005, including consistently at the presidential level since 2008. In 15819: 13685: 2530:

However, during the 2010 midterm elections, Republicans swept the South, successfully reelecting every Senate incumbent, electing freshmen

998:, for varying reasons blacks remained enfranchised in the border states despite movements for disfranchisement during the 1900s. Note that 439:

from 1874, acted as "the military arm of the Democratic party" to disrupt Republican organizing, and intimidate and suppress black voters.

15804: 15738: 10765: 1615:. The Democratic candidate, Johnson, who had become president after Kennedy's assassination, spared no effort to win passage of a strong 16498: 16386: 16078: 14005:

Harold D, Woodman, "Economic Reconstruction and the Rise of the New South, 1865–1900" in John B. Boles, and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds.,

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Harold D, Woodman, "Economic Reconstruction and the Rise of the New South, 1865–1900" in John B. Boles, and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds.,

1573: 848: 777:, and demographics began to change Southern states in other ways. Florida began to expand rapidly, with retirees and other migrants in 510:, exempting voters who had a grandfather voting by a particular year (usually before the Civil War, when black people could not vote.) 12875: 1413:

welfare programs and military buildup invested considerable money in the South, benefiting many of its citizens, including during the

16903: 15648: 847:, and shared characteristics of both the border states and the former Confederate states. During the Civil War, it was designated as 673: 12552: 13156:

Shufelt, Gordeon H.; 'Jim Crow among strangers: The growth of Baltimore's Little Italy and Maryland's disfranchisement campaigns';

12017:

Jeffery A. Jenkins, Justin Peck, and Vesla M. Weaver. "Between Reconstructions: Congressional Action on Civil Rights, 1891–1940."

10753: 6611: 6498: 6403: 6306: 6191: 6076: 5973: 5870: 5753: 5634: 5521: 5406: 5287: 5184: 5075: 4970: 4863: 4762: 4655: 4536: 4417: 4298: 4181: 4074: 3979: 3882: 3767: 3648: 3555: 3464: 3373: 3280: 3165: 3080: 2965: 2880: 2789: 2640: 2468: 2460: 2456: 2432: 2395: 2372: 2360: 2323: 2296: 2066: 2062: 2038: 2030: 2014: 2002: 1877: 1873: 1866: 1834: 1799: 1663: 1612: 1526: 1515: 1503: 1499: 1454: 1445:, combined with the adoption of a civil rights plank in the 1948 Democratic platform, prompted many Southerners to walk out of the 1430: 1363: 1355: 1340: 1332: 1321: 1305: 1287: 1275: 1244: 1126: 1122: 1057: 1025: 983: 967: 833: 724: 701: 619: 615: 586: 582: 578: 112: 55: 45: 14360: 14122:

1964 was the last presidential election in which the Democrats earned more than 50 percent of the white vote in the United States.

13510: 1576:. In the Upper South, where Republicans had always been a small presence, Republicans gained a few seats in the House and Senate. 16488: 16142: 15048: 14725: 13196: 11041: 77: 14247: 12082: 2057:

marked the beginning of the end for commanding Democratic Party presence in the South (Republican gains are marked in dark red).

1208:

succeeded Crothers, and served as governor from 1912 to 1916. Maryland elected two more Republican governors from 1877 to 1964,

16908: 13005: 11044:(R) was sworn in and assumed office, but the state legislature challenged the validity of his election, claiming ballot fraud. 8056: 2628: 2285: 16592: 12574: 16852: 16071: 15409: 15205: 14952: 14491: 13695: 13017: 12252: 12218: 11032:

Elected in 1888 for a term beginning in 1891, an election dispute prevented Fleming from taking office until February 6, 1890

10773: 10687: 10677: 14088:

Miller, Gary; Schofield, Norman (2008). "The Transformation of the Republican and Democratic Party Coalitions in the U.S.".

708:

states except Tennessee voted for the Democratic Party, and all other states except Kentucky voted for the Republican Party.

16842: 16135: 16094: 14058: 14023: 10824: 10769: 1375: 883: 14534:

Cooper, Christopher A.; Knotts, H. Gibbs (2010). "Declining Dixie: Regional Identification in the Modern American South".

13816: 13770: 11545:

Appomattox: they will account for just 24 of the South's 155 senators and congressmen in the 112th United States Congress.

1655:

as a requirement for voting. This was one of the devices that states used to disfranchise African Americans and the poor.

735:, and the Deep South. However, with the Democratic national landslide of 1932, the South again became solidly Democratic. 14227:"Blacks and the 2012 Democratic National Convention; page 9, table 1: black votes in presidential elections, 1936 - 2008" 11023:

Did not run for re-election in 1888, but due to the election's being disputed, remained in office until February 6, 1890.

6947: 6937: 2526:(Republican gains in dark red) marked the beginning of Republican dominance of the South at the state and federal levels. 1446: 15779: 15625: 13862: 13454: 13244: 13043:

Presidential Politics in Kentucky, 1824-1948: A Compilation of Election Statistics and an Analysis of Political Behavior

16615: 15504: 15475: 15446: 14518: 14307: 13206: 12772: 12684: 12380: 11808: 11648: 10746: 6967: 1053: 774: 392: 388: 384: 293: 14628:

Bartho, Jonathan (2020). "Reagan's Southern Comfort: The "Boll Weevil" Democrats in the "Reagan Revolution" of 1981".

13295: 1533:, continued his party's tradition of selecting a Southerner as the vice presidential candidate (in this case, Senator 15180: 15155: 15124: 13919: 13609:

Middleton, Russell (March 1962). "The Civil Rights Issue And Presidential Voting Among Southern Negroes And Whites".

13348: 13179: 13092: 13076: 12642: 12423: 12338: 12285: 11937: 2586: 2578:

was term-limited, as did every other statewide office not previously held by the Republicans. Georgia Representative

2475:

won Virginia, a growing stronghold for Democrats, and narrowly won Georgia, in large part due to the rapidly growing

1826: 1579: 1014: 914:, unlike the former Confederate states. As a result, Oklahoma was still competitive at the federal level, voting for 483: 89: 1335:

was a referendum on President Wilson's League of Nations. Pro-isolation sentiment in the South benefited Republican

16587: 16125: 14882: 14825: 12981: 12515:

Beyerlein, Kraig and Andrews, Kenneth T.; ‘Black Voting during the Civil Rights Movement: A Micro-Level Analysis’;

11612: 6932: 6881: 6841: 6806: 6798: 1756: 1379: 517:

explained how African Americans were disenfranchised in his state of South Carolina in a white supremacist speech:

265: 152: 136: 99: 15347: 13584: 12536: 2506:

in Kentucky, which had previously never voted for a Republican presidential candidate since its creation in 1869.

2424:, and it can now be called a solidly red state. After the 2010 elections, West Virginia had a majority-Republican 1417:. Roosevelt carried all the 11 former Confederate states and Oklahoma in each of his four presidential elections. 16474: 16469: 16459: 16302: 15286: 13485: 12465: 10580: 7590: 911: 623: 15756: 14609: 13296:"Too Close to Call: Presidential Electors and Elections in Maryland featuring the Presidential Election of 1904" 577:

Democratic candidates won by large margins in a majority of Southern states in every presidential election from

16577: 16377: 14904: 14847: 13322: 12817: 12191: 10083: 9582: 7698: 7404: 6952: 6922: 2307:. Truman won every Southern electoral vote not won by Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond except for the border states of 1482: 1442: 1230:

Despite Delaware not abolishing slavery until the ratification of the 13th amendment, due its proximity to the

962:

landslide. Oklahoma was one of only two Southern states, the other being Virginia, to be carried by Republican

852: 178:

were another means that the Democrats used to consolidate their political power, excluding blacks from voting.

11084:

As lieutenant governor, he acted as governor for unexpired term and was subsequently elected in his own right.

2656:

1989), Democrats held at least half the seats in the delegations of the rest of the Southern states until the

634:

went for Hoover, did the Democrats lose even one of these two states' counties in any presidential election.

16622: 16175: 12579: 11715: 11093:

As President of the state Senate, he filled the unexpired term and was subsequently elected in his own right.

9852: 7521: 7463: 6962: 6942: 6927: 6917: 6902: 2648: 2579: 1255: 875: 705: 463: 317: 297: 13126:"Democratization and the Disfranchisement of African Americans in the US South during the Late 19th Century" 1884:

and "law and order". As a key component of this strategy, he selected as his running mate Maryland Governor

296:, though West Virginia, Missouri and Kentucky had dual Confederate and Unionist governments. Red represents 16639: 16572: 16267: 15644: 15260: 14663: 6912: 6907: 6897: 2668: 2487: 2327: 2280:

States. Maryland and Delaware also are included in some definitions of the Northeast, being located in the

2054: 1811: 1803: 1775:

played a central role in the decline in relative white Southern Democratic identification. Support for the

1130: 752: 286: 72: 11490: 2383:

received no electoral votes from the South apart from Maryland and Delaware, even though Edwards was from

2009:

gave Democrats a short-lived comeback in the South, winning every state in the old Confederacy except for

16740: 16215: 15401: 13028:

Brown, Thomas J.; ‘’The Roots of Bluegrass Insurgency: An Analysis of the Populist Movement in Kentucky;

12372: 9801: 2679:

the party carried the state by a double digit margin for the first time since 1944. As of June 2024, the

2049: 669: 571: 11378: 11376: 1631:, voted against the Civil Rights Act, believing it enhanced the federal government and infringed on the 16819: 16782: 16777: 16765: 16610: 16257: 16021:

The Great Melding: War, the Dixiecrat Rebellion, and the Southern Model for America's New Conservatism.

15977: 12764: 12739: 12676: 11350:

As Lieutenant Governor, succeeded to governorship upon resignation of Robert Bentley on April 10, 2017.

7907: 7344: 6957: 2672: 2261: 1231: 1017: 631: 436: 289: 13550:

The South in Presidential Politics: The End of Democratic Hegemony. Master of Arts (Political Science)

13284: 11527: 16289: 16284: 16250: 16245: 16157: 15645:

Map of Post 2010 Election Partisan Composition of State Legislatures: Republicans Make Historic Gains

15078:"THE 1994 ELECTIONS: THE SOUTH; The Rising G.O.P. Tide Overwhelms the Democratic Levees in the South" 12208: 12175: 11907:

The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Rise of the One-Party South, 1880–1910

11690: 11373: 10761: 10757: 10662: 9338: 9111: 7990: 7266: 7238: 7168: 2680: 2602: 2348: 1791:

community. African Americans have consistently voted between 85% and 95% Democratic since the 1960s.

1205: 1189: 677: 627: 403: 15429: 14199: 12105:

Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America's Deep South, 1944–1972

12037:

Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America's Deep South, 1944–1972

11757: 1308:, Missouri supported Republican Theodore Roosevelt, while Maryland awarded its electors to Democrat 1290:

resulted in the first break in the Solid South. Florida politician Marion L. Dawson, writing in the

558:

turn of the century; and they were also excluded from juries and other participation in civil life.

16240: 14896: 14839: 14137:

Miller, Gary; Schofield, Norman (2003). "Activists and Partisan Realignment in the United States".

13405:

The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven States of the Deep South

10733: 9938: 9530: 8967: 7861: 7226: 7073: 1652: 1616: 1234:

and not bordering any of the former Confederate States, Delaware voted for the Republican Party in

1095: 1021: 1003: 799: 499: 414:

Democratic dominance of the South originated in the struggle of white Southerners during and after

148: 16537: 14746: 2486:, voting for Republican presidential candidates but Democrats for state offices, lasted until the 712:

By the 1920s, as memories of the Civil War faded, the Solid South cracked slightly. For instance,

16419: 15600: 12400:

Transformations of the American Party System: Political Coalitions from the New Deal to the 1970s

12054: 9926: 7735: 7710: 7191: 7133: 2635:

The biggest exception to Republican gains in the former Confederate states has been the state of

2594: 2552: 887: 645: 12050: 11217:

As Speaker of the Senate, ascended to the governorship. Subsequently elected for two full terms.

11199:

Resigned to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.

990:

won Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky (except for 1 electoral vote in the latter).

423:

states. Thus the Democratic Party became the vehicle for the white supremacist "Redeemers". The

16787: 16760: 16684: 16567: 16274: 14807: 13477: 12183: 10707: 10624: 9547: 9327: 9257: 9160: 8120: 8039: 7919: 7602: 7544: 7486: 7475: 7333: 7278: 7255: 7150: 7097: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3565: 3560: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3427: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3383: 3378: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3336: 3324: 3319: 3307: 3302: 3290: 3285: 2651:

more often than not between 1970 and 2002, and Republicans held at least half the seats in the

1850: 1846: 1760: 1538: 1069: 896: 744: 641: 171: 140: 15147: 15141: 14587: 14570: 12242: 11927: 11798: 11341:

As president of the Senate, served as acting governor until he won a special election in 2011.

2643:

landslide, while no other former Confederate state did so more than 9 times (that state being

938:, a Republican stronghold. The state also elected three Republican U.S. Senators before 1964: 859:, resulting in bloody conflict in the territory, with severe hardships for all residents. The 824: 249:

became allied with the Solid South in the last quarter of the 19th Century when the state was

16725: 16720: 16582: 16424: 16399: 16279: 16223: 15538: 14178: 11638: 11248:

Resigned upon victory in the Democratic primary for the United States Senate, August 4, 1941.

10682: 10672: 10141: 9418: 8903: 8815: 8575: 8564: 8186: 8138: 8126: 7967: 7878: 7798: 7293: 7220: 7139: 4647: 4640: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4409: 4402: 4395: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4311: 4304: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4194: 4187: 2657: 2281: 2197: 1842: 1807: 1776: 1644: 1640: 1406: 1292: 1248: 1006:

state by the Census bureau, and also did not disenfranchise its African American population.

931: 904: 844: 764: 740: 649: 281: 230: 163: 15713: 15688: 15661: 14481: 14394:"Old Times There Are Not Forgotten: Race and Partisan Realignment in the Contemporary South" 13909: 13731: 13659: 12868: 12413: 1892:

of Southern states' discrimination. This tactic was described in 2007 by David Greenberg in

1537:

of Texas). Kennedy and Johnson, however, both supported civil rights. In October 1960, when

1080:

and only elected two Republicans as governor (albeit for a combined 20 years between them).

16770: 16745: 16394: 15053: 14299:

The Long Southern Strategy: How Chasing White Voters in the South Changed American Politics

14007:

Interpreting Southern history: Historiographical essays in honor of Sanford W. Higginbotham

13951:

Stanley, Harold W. (1988). "Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?".

13870: 13824: 13778: 12453:

Interpreting Southern history: Historiographical essays in honor of Sanford W. Higginbotham

12066: 11422:

Stanley, Harold W. (1988). "Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?".

9961: 9863: 9645: 9452: 9435: 9396: 9147: 9071: 8789: 8605: 8599: 8529: 8512: 8415: 8409: 8349: 8232: 7925: 7884: 7855: 7812: 7661: 7550: 7510: 7090: 6851: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4941: 4929: 4917: 4905: 4898: 4886: 4879: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4824: 4812: 4785: 4778: 3875: 3786: 2590: 2563: 2018: 1899: 1507: 1489: 1402:, which he held by 3%, which had Hoover won, would have physically split the Solid South. 1196: 1193: 337: 313: 194: 11678:

United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861–1911: The Official Results by State and County

2435:, as some areas in the South became more urbanized, liberal, and demographically diverse, 1358:, Al Smith carried the Deep South, but lost all the other Southern states except Arkansas. 534:

White Democrats also opposed Republican economic policies such as the high tariff and the

8: 16562: 16517: 16512: 13446: 11851: 10835:

Oklahoma was not a state until 1907 and did not vote in presidential elections until 1908

10712: 9458: 9384: 9275: 8927: 8909: 8800: 8494: 8470: 8361: 8091: 8062: 8045: 7936: 7901: 7872: 7792: 7769: 7704: 7440: 7356: 7350: 7284: 7214: 7197: 7025: 7007: 6983: 3640: 3603: 3571: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2852: 2827: 2810: 2483: 2421: 2264:

went the other way. The Northeastern United States is defined by the US Census Bureau as

2150: 1830: 1702: 1511: 1478: 1313: 1158: 1134: 681: 470:

welcomed U.S. troops as liberators, and voted Republican even in the Solid South period.

1564:

By the mid-1960s, changes had come in many of Southern states. Former Dixiecrat Senator

16797: 16659: 16602: 16522: 16464: 16434: 16205: 16190: 16165: 15030: 15022: 14890: 14833: 14551: 14458: 14450: 14385: 14162: 14113: 13984: 13976: 13626: 12810:

In the Wake of Slavery: Civil War, Civil Rights, and the Reconstruction of Southern Law

12605: 12118: 11455: 11447: 10702: 10352: 10158: 10072: 9892: 9789: 9708: 9536: 9499: 9235: 9135: 9123: 8979: 8961: 8938: 8772: 8754: 8731: 8690: 8611: 8523: 8487: 8367: 8330: 8290: 8279: 8244: 8161: 8103: 8097: 7849: 7692: 7614: 7608: 7596: 7584: 7573: 7561: 7434: 7411: 7398: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7327: 7203: 7156: 7049: 6995: 5280: 5268: 5235: 4935: 4923: 4911: 4892: 4873: 4868: 4856: 4830: 4818: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4772: 4767: 3547: 3512: 3480: 2555: 2407:

like Massachusetts and Rhode Island), it usually had a unanimous (or nearly unanimous)

2212: 2154: 1838: 1636: 1550: 1519: 1391: 1279: 1271: 1254:

The allegiance of industries with the Republican party allowed them to gain control of

1177: 1049: 860: 790: 763:

of South Carolina, in contrast to successfully ousting representative and chair of the

748: 732: 550: 507: 415: 305: 156: 144: 12022: 11587: 11359:

Elected as a Democrat, Justice switched his registration to Republican in August 2017.

11323:

Elected as a Republican, Crist switched his registration to independent in April 2010.

867:

from 1889 to 1895, which included significant numbers of settlers from the Republican

253:

from its Civil War era Republican government. It was one of the first states to elect

16679: 16669: 16507: 16409: 16200: 16195: 16185: 15405: 15201: 15176: 15151: 15120: 15034: 14948: 14900: 14843: 14671: 14645: 14514: 14487: 14462: 14412: 14303: 14154: 14117: 14105: 13988: 13968: 13915: 13691: 13370: 13344: 13318: 13202: 13175: 13088: 13072: 13013: 12813: 12768: 12680: 12638: 12419: 12376: 12334: 12308:

Grantham, Dewey W. (Fall 1995). "Tennessee and Twentieth-Century American Politics".

12281: 12248: 12214: 12187: 11933: 11804: 11644: 11459: 11439: 11400: 11396: 10402: 10100: 9903: 9476: 9246: 9117: 9077: 8990: 8832: 8651: 8535: 8501: 8464: 8429: 8385: 8318: 8268: 8109: 8080: 8028: 7978: 7823: 7781: 7746: 7673: 7667: 7567: 7538: 7492: 7417: 7162: 7121: 7001: 6977: 6861: 5959: 5954: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5920: 5894: 5875: 5857: 5850: 5843: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5112: 5100: 5093: 5086: 3971: 3954: 3942: 3930: 3898: 2664: 1881: 1822: 1788: 1784: 1768: 1696: 1601: 1587:

of Texas was the only Senator from the 11 former Confederate states to vote in favor.

1554: 1534: 1336: 1213: 1118: 1065: 955: 915: 856: 829: 713: 261: 254: 116: 85: 15757:"November 4, 2014 General election and nonpartisan runoff election Official results" 15318:"THE 2000 ELECTIONS: TENNESSEE; Loss in Home State Leaves Gore Depending on Florida" 14763: 14555: 14325:"Bye-bye, blue dog "Democrats": What the end of conservative Dems means for America" 14166: 12369:

Lincoln's Lost Legacy: The Republican Party and the African American Vote, 1928–1952

1604:, representing Democratic segregationists, awarded those states' electoral votes to 16542: 16527: 16180: 16120: 15014: 14726:"Dog-Whistling Dixie: When Reagan said 'states' rights', he was talking about race" 14637: 14582: 14543: 14442: 14408: 14146: 14097: 14063: 13960: 13618: 11431: 11392: 10697: 10667: 10511: 10438: 9846: 9680: 9628: 9482: 9367: 9315: 9281: 9269: 9218: 9129: 9094: 9043: 8921: 8892: 8880: 8821: 8806: 8760: 8702: 8541: 8481: 8256: 8250: 8150: 8144: 7752: 7724: 7681: 7648: 7636: 7625: 7532: 7469: 7446: 7249: 7180: 7062: 7036: 7013: 6871: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5600: 5593: 5586: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5548: 5541: 5534: 5527: 5398: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5274: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5219: 5207: 5200: 5061: 5049: 5037: 5006: 4994: 3456: 3421: 3389: 3365: 3330: 3313: 3296: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3244: 3234: 3227: 3220: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3072: 3065: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3013: 3006: 2999: 2992: 2985: 2978: 2971: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2821: 2816: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2413: 2273: 2217: 1894: 1712: 1632: 1584: 1546: 1185: 987: 756: 717: 598: 514: 167: 16048: 2683:

is the only state legislature Democrats control in the former Confederate States.

2077:), the Democrats and Republicans split the region. In both elections, Clinton won 1316:

from 1904 to 2004, voting for the winner of every presidential election except in

16755: 16664: 16557: 16552: 16414: 16404: 16233: 16170: 14616: 13745:"Goldwater's vote against Civil Rights Act of 1964 unfairly branded him a racist" 13585:"Johnson is Nominated for Vice President; Kennedy Picks Him to Placate the South" 13505: 13338: 12746: 12540: 12328: 12275: 11815:

In 1866, Kentucky refused to ratify the 13th Amendment. It did ratify it in 1976.

10871: 10858: 10471: 10301: 10209: 10059: 9984: 9886: 9772: 9714: 9605: 9524: 9446: 9424: 9407: 9263: 9195: 9083: 9031: 9019: 8944: 8915: 8862: 8849: 8766: 8714: 8657: 8628: 8587: 8558: 8452: 8422: 8337: 8296: 8262: 8203: 7947: 7913: 7758: 7716: 7642: 7428: 7272: 7232: 7110: 7104: 7056: 7042: 6597: 6557: 6517: 5863: 5149: 5123: 5118: 5106: 5080: 5067: 5055: 5043: 5031: 5024: 5012: 5000: 4988: 4981: 4146: 4120: 4115: 4103: 4084: 4079: 4066: 4029: 4012: 3995: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3518: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3474: 3469: 2539: 2464: 2316: 2292: 1780: 1764: 1667: 1624: 1568:

of South Carolina changed parties in 1964; Texas elected a Republican Senator in

1530: 1492: 1485: 1450: 1438: 1344: 1309: 1142: 1138: 947: 943: 939: 778: 638: 546: 419: 175: 123: 81: 24: 15287:"Holding Democratic 'blue wall' was crucial for Obama victory - CNNPolitics.com" 11881:

Southern Mountain Republicans, 1865–1900: Politics and the Appalachian Community

10745:

Despite the South's excessive representation relative to voting population, the

1611:

The parties' positions on civil rights continued to evolve in the run up to the

1176:

how to resist. In 1896, a biracial Republican coalition enabled the election of

292:

states, including those admitted during the war. Light blue represents southern

16699: 16694: 16689: 16674: 16532: 16429: 16228: 16063: 15430:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 2008" 14389: 12179: 11045: 10845: 10613: 10534: 10482: 10380: 10295: 10135: 10124: 10066: 10035: 9995: 9875: 9834: 9812: 9725: 9674: 9668: 9558: 9390: 9349: 9206: 9189: 9065: 9054: 8869: 8838: 8742: 8668: 8617: 8593: 8446: 8373: 8355: 8324: 8302: 8238: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8179: 8132: 8068: 8016: 7996: 7984: 7775: 7321: 7127: 6989: 6298: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6223: 6216: 6204: 6197: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6129: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6101: 6089: 6082: 5230: 5225: 5213: 5194: 5189: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4727: 4721: 4714: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4685: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4200: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4152: 4140: 4133: 4126: 4109: 4097: 4090: 3869: 3862: 3855: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3780: 3773: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3654: 2503: 2444: 2399: 2368: 2182: 2126: 2122: 1943: 1939: 1927: 1915: 1772: 1565: 1474: 1458: 1367: 1325: 1240: 1169: 923: 803: 594: 503: 491: 467: 361: 321: 210: 206: 14641: 14150: 14101: 13809: 12490:

Doherty, Herbert J. (junior); 'Liberal and Conservative Politics in Florida';

12353:

Richard J. Jensen, "The Last Party System: Decay of Consensus, 1932–1980", in

11868:

But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction

2351:, with the exception of New Hampshire's plurality for George W. Bush in 2000. 1266: 1129:. Kentucky also elected some Republican governors during this period, such as 1102:, and had a significant urban working class who supported Republicans. In the 994:

In contrast to the 11 former Confederate states, where almost all blacks were

16877: 16824: 16547: 15599:. National Conference of State Legislatures. January 26, 2009. Archived from 14944:

The Southern Strategy Revisited: Republican Top-Down Advancement in the South

14675: 14649: 14158: 14109: 13972: 13763: 11443: 11404: 10919: 10884: 10551: 10391: 10363: 10346: 10307: 10284: 10180: 10152: 10118: 10112: 10106: 10041: 10018: 10006: 9950: 9944: 9932: 9869: 9778: 9766: 9662: 9634: 9611: 9594: 9518: 9511: 9493: 9464: 9373: 9361: 9321: 9292: 9183: 9154: 9100: 9037: 9025: 9013: 8973: 8720: 8708: 8680: 8392: 8192: 8010: 7961: 7843: 7390: 7174: 7084: 7019: 5018: 4975: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4023: 4018: 4006: 4001: 3989: 3984: 2476: 2339: 2300: 2094: 2034: 2022: 1971: 1795: 1605: 1558: 1146: 1045: 879: 795: 782: 760: 658: 535: 527: 396: 387:. Kentucky and Missouri both had dual competing Confederate governments, the 246: 12749:, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (accessed February 11, 2010). 11970:

The Disenfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama

11111:

Resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. March 21, 1905

1433:, Louisiana was won by the Republican nominee for the first time since 1876. 996:

disenfranchised during the first half to two-thirds of the twentieth century

16812: 16735: 16730: 16130: 16058:

The Democratic Party Primary in Virginia: Tantamount to Election No Longer.

14799: 14359:. National Conference of State Legislatures. August 4, 2017. Archived from 13121: 13054:

Copeland, James E.; ‘Where Were the Kentucky Unionists and Secessionists’;

10906: 10591: 10562: 10369: 10278: 10260: 10047: 10024: 9967: 9920: 9840: 9754: 9742: 9588: 9576: 9570: 9564: 9413: 9355: 9304: 9298: 9229: 9177: 8886: 8855: 8783: 8748: 8696: 8674: 8581: 8552: 8172: 7504: 7304: 6699: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6633: 6621: 6616: 6603: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6530: 6523: 6511: 6504: 6485: 6453: 6426: 6419: 6390: 6363: 6356: 6329: 6322: 6068: 6051: 6029: 6017: 6010: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5965: 5948: 5926: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5888: 5881: 5627: 5580: 5554: 5513: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5419: 5412: 3965: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3892: 3887: 2543: 2499: 2452: 2436: 2380: 2304: 2265: 2190: 2170: 2070: 2006: 1990: 1983: 1979: 1907: 1759:

electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the

1707: 1387: 1061: 1010: 868: 807: 662: 473: 432: 428: 424: 16028:

The Irony of the Solid South: Democrats, Republicans, and Race, 1864-1944.

14446: 14054:"Why did the Democrats Lose the South? Bringing New Data to an Old Debate" 11796: 2451:. Even after 2010, Democrats have still been competitive in some Southern 1711:

Percent of self-identified conservatives by state in 2018, according to a

316:. Eleven of these slave states seceded from the United States to form the 16262: 15666: 15049:"Clinton Rides Landslide First Democrat To Be Re-Elected Since Roosevelt" 14886: 14829: 14433:

Chappell, David (March 2007). "Did Racists Create the Suburban Nation?".

12210:

The Republican Party and Black America from McKinley to Hoover, 1896-1933

11777: 11226: 10932: 10641: 10597: 10574: 10540: 10494: 10488: 10460: 10449: 10432: 10426: 10420: 10414: 10318: 10266: 10243: 10220: 10169: 10012: 9914: 9760: 9697: 9686: 9656: 9617: 9470: 8639: 8403: 8307: 8022: 7890: 7834: 7805: 7315: 6491: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6413: 6408: 6396: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6316: 6311: 5507: 5481: 2531: 2402:

won every former Confederate state while losing every Northeastern state.

2331: 2277: 2186: 2174: 2114: 1885: 1635:

rights of businessmen. Goldwater did support civil rights in general and

1620: 1597: 1470: 1090: 963: 325: 309: 202: 15991: 15842:"Democrats sweep Virginia elections to take control of General Assembly" 15005:

Lipset, Seymour Martin (1993). "The Significance of the 1992 Election".

14454: 14278:

Painting Dixie Red: When, Where, Why and How the South Became Republican

2349:

all nine Northeastern states plus Maryland and Delaware voted Democratic

2260:

While the South was shifting from the Democrats to the Republicans, the

16792: 16715: 16115: 15956: 15820:"Election Results 2019: Democrats Take Control of Virginia Legislature" 15198:

Counter Realignment: Political Change in the Northeastern United States

14547: 13980: 13855: 13630: 13315:

The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004

12856:

Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan and the Remarkable Election of 1896

12609: 12533: 12172:

The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004

11691:"Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864" 11451: 11305:

Resigned after being convicted of mail fraud in the Whitewater scandal.

10692: 10657: 10568: 10528: 10505: 10408: 10340: 10272: 10226: 10198: 10192: 9823: 9795: 9748: 9171: 9007: 8955: 8645: 8074: 7498: 6250: 6210: 2575: 2547: 2518: 2467:

won only Virginia while narrowly losing Florida and North Carolina. In

2390: 2376: 2269: 2166: 2162: 2158: 1994: 1889: 1675: 1383: 1209: 1099: 978: 653: 611: 570:

Map of the states considered part of the Southern United States by the

487: 15424: 15224:

Truman's Triumphs: The 1948 Election and the Making of Postwar America

15117:

Across This Land: A Regional Geography of the United States and Canada

15026: 14132: 14130: 11996: 11983:

Struggle for Mastery: Disenfranchisement (sic) in the South, 1888–1908

11314:

Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate. November 15, 2010

300:

states. Unshaded areas were not states before or during the Civil War.

16802: 16627: 15195: 14053: 13069:

Bossism and Reform in a Southern City: Lexington, Kentucky, 1880-1940

11158:

Resigned on the initiation of impeachment proceedings. Aug. 25, 1917.

10630: 10329: 10254: 10094: 9973: 9736: 9212: 8996: 8458: 8435: 7955: 6693: 6661: 6639: 6627: 2535: 2472: 2216:

Percent of self-identified liberals by state in 2018, according to a

2090: 2082: 1935: 1861: 1658: 1466: 1425: 1414: 1350: 696: 459: 411:

abolished slavery throughout the United States on December 18, 1865.

357: 341: 250: 214: 198: 107: 65: 15139: 13964: 13622: 11435: 2574:. Arkansas' governorship finally flipped GOP in 2014 when incumbent 1619:. After signing the landmark legislation, Johnson said to his aide, 1117:

presidential elections, the former of which was the only state that

1036:

In Maryland, 15-25% of the state's population was African American.

15018: 14127: 14067: 12635:

And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes

11952: 10936: 10896:

One North Carolina Republican elector switched his vote to Wallace.

10522: 10232: 10186: 7452: 6062: 6057: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6023: 6004: 5978: 2636: 2455:

in presidential elections. Obama won Virginia and Florida again in

2440: 2178: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2086: 2078: 2026: 2010: 1975: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1931: 1923: 1818: 1410: 1371: 999: 901: 864: 855:, with most tribal leaders aligning with the Confederacy. However, 840: 728: 590: 566: 542: 380: 376: 372: 368: 353: 349: 270: 242: 238: 234: 226: 222: 186: 15565:"How Trump Ended Democrats' 144-Year Winning Streak in One County" 13386:

reprinted 1977, John A. Ryan, "Religion in the Election of 1928,"

12761:

Southern Nation: Congress and White Supremacy After Reconstruction

12673:

Southern Nation: Congress and White Supremacy After Reconstruction

12330:

Almost President: The Men Who Lost The Race But Changed The Nation

1398:, but still won the 5 states of the Deep South. Smith nearly lost 836:, while losing all the former Confederate states except Tennessee. 622:, only in 1928, when the three subcoastal Mississippi counties of 13375:

Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928

11296:

Elected as a Democrat in 1987 but switched to Republican in 1991.

11014:

Resigned upon appointment as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.

6135: 6095: 2546:. In the House, Republicans reelected every incumbent except for 2448: 2335: 2142: 2118: 2074: 1947: 1919: 1837:, than most non-Southerners and African Americans. Historically, 1628: 1593: 1462: 333: 329: 285:

A map of the United States during the Civil War. Blue represents

190: 182: 119:, all 11 former Confederate states and Oklahoma voted Democratic. 14913: 14191: 12440:

Roosevelt's Purge: How FDR Fought to Change the Democratic Party

11737:"Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished" 2619: 1989:

The 1968 election had been the first election in which both the

1518:. The rest of the Deep South voted for his Democratic opponent, 16454: 16035:

The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932–1968.

15805:"Moving Ahead: What Election 2016 Meant for State Legislatures" 15143:

North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent

14811: 13201:. Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission. pp. 239–242. 13172:

The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement

12714:

The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement

12244:

The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement

11962: 11929:

The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement

11239:

Resigned to take an appointed seat in the United States Senate.

2566:

also became the first Republican Senator from West Virginia in

1542: 935: 14603:

Limiting Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, 1933–1950.

14291: 14289: 14287: 13434:

The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932–1968

13174:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 123–124. 12759:

Bateman, David A.; Katznelson, Ira; Lapinski, John S. (2018).

12671:

Bateman, David A.; Katznelson, Ira; Lapinski, John S. (2018).

11278:

Resigned upon election to the Presidency of the United States.

1763:

since the 1960s. According to a quantitative analysis done by

308:, there were 34 states in the United States, 15 of which were 16632: 14697:"Negro Leaders See Bias in Call of Nixon for 'Law and Order'" 13131:. Reading for "Challenges of Democratization". Archived from 13105:"Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Maryland" 12213:. Charlottesville, University Press of Virginia. p. 18. 11953:

Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon"

11172:

Resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.

2343: 2110: 1967: 345: 218: 181:

The "Solid South" included all 11 former Confederate states:

14024:"Conservatives Greatly Outnumber Liberals in 19 U.S. States" 12154: 12059:

Regular Democratic Organization#Reconstruction and aftermath

15885:"Without Northern Virginia, Trump would have won the state" 14284: 13283:, The North American Review, Volume 164, 1897, pp. 193–198 12051:

Connie Rice: Top 10 Election Myths to Get Rid Of : NPR

11826:"National Museum of African American History & Culture" 2417: 2137:. Bill Clinton won Georgia in 1992, but lost it in 1996 to 2069:, when the Democratic ticket consisted of two Southerners ( 2017:, the only Southern states he won were his native state of 886:. Democrats were strongest in Southeast Oklahoma, known as 15978:"1996 Presidential General Election Results - Mississippi" 15103:

Latino Immigrants and the Transformation of the U.S. South

13087:

Harrison, Lowell Hayes; A New History of Kentucky, p. 352

12900:

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877

11665:

Reconstruction, America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877

11562:"The New Dominion: Virginia's Ever-Changing Electoral Map" 11510:, R.H. Woodward and Company, Baltimore, 1890, pgs. 258-284 11478:

The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History

10918:

One West Virginia Democratic elector switched her vote to

10772:

also lost Congressional seats after the former Census and

1845:

than non-Southern Democrats, joining factions such as the

1549:, Kennedy placed a sympathetic phone call to King's wife, 1339:, who won Tennessee, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Maryland. In 15568: 14569:

Rice, Tom W.; McLean, William P.; Larsen, Amy J. (2002).

14052:

Kuziemko, Ilyana; Washington, Ebonya (November 1, 2015).

13525:"1952 Presidential General Election Data – National" 12758: 12670: 6826: 2692:

part of the Southern United States by the Census Bureau.

2347:

steady gains there, however, and from 1992 through 2012,

2330:

Jimmy Carter lost the Northeastern states of New Jersey,

1649:

Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

162:

in all the former Confederate states. This resulted in a

16050:

Why the Solid South? Or, Reconstruction and Its Results.

15864:‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’ 15739:"Republican Shelley Moore Capito Wins Senate Seat in WV" 14764:"How the Election of 1968 Reshaped the Democratic Party" 14506: 12789:‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’ 12135:‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’ 11972:, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004, pp. 135–136 11508:

Why The Solid South?, or, Reconstruction and Its Results

11266:

As President of the state Senate, filled unexpired term.

2686: 2013:, which was narrowly lost. However, in his unsuccessful 1453:. This splinter party played a significant role in the 367:

The southern slave states that stayed in the Union were

15911:"Why Virginia's purple is starting to look rather blue" 15909:

Farnswoth, Stephen; Hanna, Stephen (16 November 2012).

15780:"How Republicans Caught Their White Whale: John Barrow" 12952:

Why the Solid South? Or, Reconstruction and Its Results

12553:"1920 Presidential General Election Results – Oklahoma" 11140:

the senate, acted as governor until a special election.

11120:

As Speaker of the Senate, ascended to the governorship.

2585:

Following the 2016 elections, when Republicans won the

1572:; Florida and Arkansas elected Republican governors in 1370:, benefiting from bias against his Democratic opponent 14486:. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 7–8, 26. 12083:

Matthew Yglesias, "Why did the South turn Republican?"

2299:

upset victory, he only won the Northeastern states of

1405:

The South appeared "solid" again during the period of

409:

Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

15196:

Reiter, Howard L. & Jeffrey M. Stonecash (2011).

14865:"Wallace's Victory Weakens Nixon's Southern Strategy" 14782:"Wallace's Victory Weakens Nixon's Southern Strategy" 13517: 12097: 12095: 10905:

One Virginia Republican elector switched his vote to

820:

United States congressional delegations from Oklahoma

16037:

Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

15936:"1960 Presidential General Election Data – National" 15533: 15531: 15529: 15239:"1948 Presidential General Election Data – National" 14969:"1992 Presidential General Election Data – National" 14921:"1976 Presidential General Election Data - National" 14384: 13712:"1960 Presidential General Election Data – National" 13563:"1956 Presidential General Election Data - National" 13428: 13426: 12841:

Diamond, William; ‘Urban and Rural Voting in 1896’;

12600:

Annie Heloise Abel, "The Indians in the Civil War",

11382: 11181:

Impeached and removed from office. November 19, 1923

10931:

One Texas Republican elector switched their vote to

2663:

This is largely due to massive population growth in

2479:, while narrowly losing Florida and North Carolina. 1312:, despite Roosevelt's winning by 51 votes. Missouri 1009:

The border states, being the northern region of the

843:

was considered part of the Solid South, but did not

14527: 14479: 14350:"2017 State & Legislative Partisan Composition" 13687:

Black Republicans and the Transformation of the GOP

12716:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004, p.141 12418:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. vii–viii. 11975: 11797:Lowell Hayes Harrison and James C. Klotter (1997). 11636: 739:growing friendliness to organized labor during the 16060:Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. 15957:"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections" 15835: 15833: 15348:"State of the States: Political Party Affiliation" 15335:2004 Presidential General Election Data - National 14993:1996 Presidential General Election Data - National 14051: 14009:(LSU Press, 1987) pp. 254–307, quoting pp 273–274. 13247:. Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 12555:. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 12455:(LSU Press, 1987) pp. 254–307, quoting pp 273–274. 12394: 12392: 12092: 11555: 11553: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11274: 11272: 11190:Died in his third term of office. October 2, 1927. 1810:", and only began to dominate the South after the 1301:1960s, with a brief break in the 1920s, however. 15590:"2009 State and Legislative Partisan Composition" 15526: 14562: 13732:Second Thoughts: Reflections on the Great Society 13423: 12398:Everett Carll Ladd, Jr., with Charles D. Hadley. 11921: 11919: 11917: 11915: 11208:Impeached and removed from office. March 21, 1929 10785:The closer ones, beginning with the closest, are 2699:Presidential votes in southern states since 1876 2459:and lost North Carolina by only 2.04 percent. In 1033:significantly lower percentage of the populations 892:comprised less than 10% of the state's population 16894:United States presidential elections terminology 16875: 16093: 15818:Kamp, Scott Calvert and Jon (November 6, 2019). 15170: 14568: 14507:Sunshine Hillygus, D.; Shields, Todd G. (2014). 14378: 14240: 13908:Black, Earl; Black, Merle (September 30, 2003). 13529:Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 13146:– via Brandon Kendhammer, Ohio University. 12247:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 146–14. 12001:Congressional Record, 56th Congress, 1st Session 2615:United States presidential elections in Virginia 2538:in Kentucky, and defeating Democratic incumbent 1477:. Despite this, in one of the greatest election 1226:United States presidential elections in Delaware 1163:United States presidential elections in Maryland 15830: 15140:Thomas F. McIlwraith; Edward K. Muller (2001). 15075: 14601:Ira Katznelson, Kim Geiger, and Daniel Kryder, 14571:"Southern Distinctiveness over Time: 1972–2000" 14280:. University Press of Florida. pp. 16, 80. 14248:"Partisanship by race, ethnicity and education" 14234:Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies 14136: 14087: 13445: 13340:The Presidential Vote, 1896–1932 – Google Books 13056:The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 13030:The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 12389: 12357:(Paul Kleppner et al. eds.) (1981) pp. 219–225. 12277:The Presidential Vote, 1896–1932 – Google Books 12159:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 7. 12119:Presidential election of 1900 – Map by Counties 11643:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 42–43. 11550: 11513: 11269: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11074: 1052:, in a sense, began in 1861". Unlike the other 166:, in which a candidate's victory in Democratic 15908: 15114: 14295: 14183:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 14017: 14015: 13058:, volume 71, no. 4 (October 1973), pp. 344-363 12979: 12830:A History of Missouri: Volume IV, 1875 to 1919 12519:, volume 87, No. 1 (September 2008), pp. 65-93 12053:The situation in Louisiana was an example—see 11912: 11072: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11054: 10977:As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term. 10756:to lose Congressional districts following the 16079: 14302:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 12575:"How the US Civil War Divided Indian Nations" 11803:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 180. 11168: 11166: 11164: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10955: 1787:solidified the Democrats' support within the 1583:Senate vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 810:, as the South industrialized and urbanized. 454:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era 245:were rarely identified with the Solid South. 16044:Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. 16030:Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. 16023:Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. 15556: 14947:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 48. 14804:The Making of the American Conservative Mind 14533: 13684:Farrington, Joshua D. (September 20, 2016). 13501:"Behind the Picture: 'DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN'" 12975: 12973: 12845:, vol. 46, no. 2 (January 1941), pp. 281-305 12828:Lawrence O. Christensen and Gary R. Kremer, 12660:. Oklahoma State Election Board. p. 35. 12005:Document Sets for the South in U. S. History 11853:Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War 11579: 10864: 2671:, which is politically oriented towards the 1013:, had close ties to the industrializing and 676:its seats among the 45 states following the 16593:Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands 15284: 15258: 15133: 14892:The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected 14323:Parton, Heather Digby (November 12, 2014). 14271: 14269: 14012: 13160:; vol. 19, issue 4 (Summer 2000), pp. 49-78 13032:, Vol. 78, No. 3 (Summer 1980), pp. 219-242 12858:(U Press of Kansas, 2010), pp. xi, 169–170. 12528:Ralph C. Hon, "The South in a War Economy" 12494:, vol. 14, no. 3 (August 1952), pp. 403-417 12415:Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal 12355:The Evolution of American Electoral Systems 11051: 10844:One of Tennessee's electoral votes went to 2367:in awarding the state's electoral votes to 16838: 16086: 16072: 15426:Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives 15366: 15315: 15278: 14881: 14824: 14473: 13907: 13683: 13194: 12869:"Population Division Working Paper No. 56" 12622:The American Civil War in Indian Territory 12157:Florida. A Guide to the Southernmost State 11959:, Vol.17, 2000, p.10, Accessed 10 Mar 2008 11161: 10952: 10883:One of Oklahoma's electoral votes went to 10870:Five of Alabama's electoral votes went to 6814:Third-party nominee or write-in candidate 2601:Confederacy, the sole exception being the 1817:Scholars have debated the extent to which 1755:The "Southern strategy" was the long-term 1481:in American history, incumbent Democratic 900:(1915), the Supreme Court invalidated the 857:some tribes and bands sided with the Union 486:developed a following in the South, among 15649:National Conference of State Legislatures 15497: 15468: 15439: 14723: 14588:10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2002.23.0.193-220 14586: 14045: 13608: 13475: 13188: 13041:Shannon, Jasper Berry and McQuown, Ruth; 12970: 12647: 12604:Vol. 15, No. 2 (Jan. 1910), pp. 281–296. 12411: 12019:Studies in American Political Development 10857:One of Alabama's electoral votes went to 10819: 10817: 10815: 2439:won the former Republican strongholds of 930:. The state had a Republican presence in 16884:Electoral geography of the United States 15640: 15638: 15372: 15173:Political Geography of the United States 15164: 14688: 14664:"Nation: Spiro Agnew: The King's Taster" 14432: 14266: 13582: 13498: 13451:"General Article: Presidential Politics" 13312: 12861: 12729:(Garland Publishing, 1992), pp. 418, 438 12703:(Garland Publishing, 1992), pp. 418, 438 12307: 12169: 11585: 11001: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10983: 6889:Governors of southern states since 1877 6823:denotes candidates elected as president 2618: 2517: 2482:The tendency of many Southern Whites to 2389: 2211: 2207: 2048: 1982:, who worked on the Nixon campaign as a 1867:1968 United States presidential election 1860: 1706: 1657: 1578: 1424: 1349: 1265: 1031:African Americans generally comprised a 1026:1896 United States presidential election 977: 823: 788:In 1944, the Supreme Court ruled 8-1 in 695: 565: 472: 280: 122: 106: 16053:Baltimore, MD: R. H. Woodward & Co. 15839: 15354:from the original on September 27, 2013 15316:Perez-Pena, Richard (9 November 2000). 15108: 14940: 14694: 14275: 14197: 13950: 13751:from the original on September 24, 2021 13734:New Perspectives Quarterly, Winter 1987 13418:Roosevelt: The Party Leader, 1932–1945. 13245:"1932 Presidential Election Statistics" 13169: 13116: 13114: 12727:African-Americans and the right to vote 12701:African-Americans and the right to vote 12572: 12484: 12472:from the original on September 27, 2022 12366: 12240: 12206: 12200: 11997:"Speech of Senator Benjamin R. Tillman" 11994: 11926:Valelly, Richard M. (October 2, 2009). 11925: 11894:The Origins of the New South, 1877–1913 11856:. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. 11559: 11421: 2315:, which he narrowly lost to Republican 260:The Solid South can also refer to the " 16919:Political history of the United States 16899:Politics of the Southern United States 16876: 16042:The Life and Death of the Solid South. 15543:United States House of Representatives 15539:"Election Statistics: 1920 to Present" 15395: 15285:Steinhauser, Paul (12 November 2012). 15004: 14862: 14779: 14736:from the original on January 12, 2012. 14724:Greenberg, David (November 20, 2007). 14695:Johnson, Thomas A. (August 13, 1968). 14627: 14322: 14296:Maxwell, Angie; Shields, Todd (2019). 14034:from the original on February 22, 2019 13264: 13228: 12732: 12326: 12320: 12129: 12127: 12101: 12077: 12075: 12033: 11849: 10812: 6827:Solid South in gubernatorial elections 1779:in the 1960s by Democratic presidents 1347:won Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland. 1261: 561: 225:. It also included to a lesser extent 135:was the electoral voting bloc for the 16889:History of the Southern United States 16067: 15840:Kronzer, Jessica (November 7, 2023). 15635: 15618: 15562: 15261:"G.O.P. a Dying Breed in New England" 15221:Busch, Andrew E. (October 23, 2012). 15220: 15076:Peter Applebome (November 11, 1994). 14401:American Journal of Political Science 14206:from the original on November 3, 2011 14021: 13889:from the original on January 31, 2022 13420:(University Press of Kentucky), 2014. 13022: 12003:. (Reprinted in Richard Purday, ed., 10980: 10688:History of the Southern United States 10678:Culture of the Southern United States 2687:Solid South in presidential elections 1966:. The Democrat, Hubert Humphrey, won 1420: 494:, even defeating them in some cases. 16:1877–1964 U.S. Democratic voting bloc 16914:White supremacy in the United States 16858: 15856: 15817: 15777: 15398:The New Economy and the Modern South 15373:Woodruff, Betsy (October 29, 2014). 15297:from the original on 31 October 2020 15146:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 14316: 14059:National Bureau of Economic Research 13843:from the original on October 8, 2021 13797:from the original on October 8, 2021 13690:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 13643: 13390:, December 1928; reprinted in Ryan, 13120: 13111: 12926:The West Virginia State Constitution 12573:Pollard, Bryan (November 23, 2020). 12102:Mickey, Robert (February 19, 2015). 12034:Mickey, Robert (February 19, 2015). 11995:Tillman, Benjamin (March 23, 1900). 1930:'s electoral votes. Nixon picked up 1690: 1488:defeated heavily favored Republican 1236:a majority of presidential elections 1024:, experiencing a realignment in the 589:, when the Democratic candidate was 16568:Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam 16047:Herbert, Hilary A., et al. (1890). 15714:"State legislative elections, 2014" 15689:"State legislative elections, 2012" 15662:"State legislative elections, 2011" 15385:from the original on July 21, 2017. 15101:Mary E. Odem and Elaine Lacy, eds. 14224: 13476:Rosegrant, Susan (April 18, 2012). 13343:. Stanford University Press. 1934. 13198:The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970 12954:, R. H. Woodward, 1890, pp. 258–284 12280:. Stanford University Press. 1934. 12124: 12072: 11946: 11560:Skelley, Geoffrey (July 13, 2017). 2542:in Arkansas for a seat now held by 1561:, switched his support to Kennedy. 1386:in 1928, losing every state in the 502:, longer residency, and subjective 383:, and they were referred to as the 13: 16583:Annexation of the Indian Territory 16013: 15007:PS: Political Science and Politics 14198:Jackson, Brooks (April 18, 2008). 13928:from the original on June 12, 2018 13499:Cosgrove, Ben (October 21, 2012). 13158:Journal of American Ethnic History 13107:. Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas. 12980:Tumulty, Karen (26 October 2013). 11818: 11714:. January 11, 1865. Archived from 2667:, part of the strongly Democratic 2509: 910:However, Oklahoma did not enact a 393:Confederate government of Missouri 389:Confederate government of Kentucky 14: 16930: 16143:Tribal domestic dependent nations 15778:Cahn, Emily (November 10, 2014). 14200:"Blacks and the Democratic Party" 14139:American Political Science Review 13583:Lawrence, W. H. (July 15, 1960). 12928:, Oxford Univ. Press, 2011, p. 21 12466:"The Great Migration (1910–1970)" 12155:Federal Writers' Project (1939). 2653:Virginia congressional delegation 2587:Kentucky House of Representatives 1906:, Nixon adviser and speechwriter 477:The "Solid South" from 1880–1912. 447: 160:disenfranchised nearly all blacks 16904:Democratic Party (United States) 16857: 16848: 16847: 16837: 16588:Treaty of the Danish West Indies 15984: 15970: 15949: 15928: 15902: 15877: 15811: 15797: 15771: 15749: 15731: 15706: 15681: 15654: 15582: 15563:Simon, Jeff (December 9, 2016). 15418: 15389: 15340: 15328: 15309: 15259:Susan Haigh (November 9, 2008). 15252: 15231: 15214: 15189: 15095: 15069: 15041: 14998: 14986: 14961: 14934: 14875: 14863:Childs, Marquis (June 8, 1970). 14856: 14835:The Rise of Southern Republicans 14818: 14792: 14780:Childs, Marquis (June 8, 1970). 14773: 14756: 14740: 14717: 14656: 14621: 14595: 14500: 14426: 14413:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00136.x 14342: 14218: 14081: 14022:Jones, Jeffrey M. (2019-02-22). 13999: 13944: 13911:The Rise of Southern Republicans 13901: 13737: 13725: 13704: 13677: 13652: 13637: 13602: 13576: 13555: 13542: 13492: 13482:"ISR and the Truman/Dewey upset" 13469: 13439: 13410: 13397: 13380: 13364: 13331: 13010:The Emerging Republican Majority 11680:, McFarland, 2014, pgs. 585, 600 11613:"History: Regions and Divisions" 11397:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00393.x 11353: 11344: 11335: 11326: 11317: 11308: 11299: 11290: 11281: 11260: 11251: 11242: 11233: 11220: 11211: 11202: 11193: 11184: 11175: 11152: 11143: 11133: 11123: 11114: 11105: 11096: 11087: 11035: 11026: 11017: 11008: 10942: 10935:, and another cast his vote for 10925: 10912: 10899: 10890: 10877: 10851: 10838: 10829: 7407:with the consent of the Senate) 2371:. This pattern continued in the 1910:disputed this characterization. 1109:Republicans won Kentucky in the 1039: 973: 934:, which had ties to neighboring 863:was settled through a series of 691: 312:. Slavery was also legal in the 16033:Frederickson, Kari A. (2001). 13880:U.S. Government Printing Office 13834:U.S. Government Printing Office 13788:U.S. Government Printing Office 13646:The Journal of American History 13484:. isr.umich.edu. Archived from 13317:. McFarland. pp. 239–246. 13306: 13288: 13273: 13258: 13237: 13222: 13163: 13150: 13097: 13081: 13061: 13048: 13035: 12999: 12957: 12944: 12931: 12918: 12913:West Virginia and the Civil War 12905: 12892: 12881:from the original on 2018-09-30 12848: 12835: 12822: 12802: 12781: 12752: 12719: 12706: 12693: 12664: 12627: 12614: 12594: 12566: 12545: 12522: 12509: 12497: 12458: 12445: 12432: 12405: 12360: 12347: 12301: 12268: 12234: 12163: 12148: 12112: 12044: 12027: 12011: 12007:, p. 147.). pp. 3223–3224. 11988: 11932:. University of Chicago Press. 11899: 11886: 11873: 11860: 11843: 11832:from the original on 2023-10-15 11790: 11770: 11750: 11729: 11704: 11683: 11670: 11657: 11630: 11586:Tikkanen, Amy (June 17, 2020). 10823:Electoral votes awarded by the 10779: 10739: 10726: 2428:for the first time since 1949. 2354: 2288:and shifting to the Democrats. 2044: 1856: 1643:(though casting no vote on the 1409:'s political dominance, as his 506:. Some also used the device of 15996:National Governors Association 15626:The GOP takeover in the states 15200:. Cambridge University Press. 15171:Shelley, Fred M., ed. (1996). 14513:. Princeton University Press. 14483:Southern Politics in the 1990s 13281:Will the South Be Solid Again? 12941:, Prentice-Hall, 1937, p. 376. 12843:The American Historical Review 12310:Tennessee Historical Quarterly 11667:, Harper Collins, 2011, pg. 39 11605: 11500: 11483: 11470: 11415: 11149:Elected in a special election. 7405:President of the United States 5229: 5224: 5212: 5193: 5188: 5017: 4974: 4726: 4702: 4697: 4659: 1902:". According to an article in 1447:Democratic National Convention 652:, and a number of counties in 257:to state and Federal offices. 1: 16909:Politics of the United States 15759:. Arkansas Secretary of State 15227:. University Press of Kansas. 13195:White, Jr., Frank F. (1970). 12902:, Harper Collins, 2002, p. 38 11506:Herbert, Herbert, Hilary A., 11366: 11257:Died in office. July 11, 1949 1647:), as well as voting for the 1270:Missouri goes for Republican 427:, as well as other insurgent 276: 16640:Slave states and free states 16095:Regions of the United States 15872:The National Catholic Review 15119:. JHU Press. p. 81 ff. 14480:Lamis, Alexander P. (1999). 13914:. Harvard University Press. 13394:(Ayer Publishing, 1977) p.91 13313:Menendez, Albert J. (2005). 12982:"A Blue State's Road to Red" 12915:. History Press, 2011, p. 28 12797:The National Catholic Review 12620:John Spencer and Adam Hook, 12412:Patterson, James T. (1967). 12241:Valelly, Richard M. (2009). 12207:Sherman, Richard B. (1973). 12170:Menendez, Albert J. (2005). 12143:The National Catholic Review 11739:. NY Times. January 14, 1865 11712:"Missouri abolishes slavery" 11637:Wilfred Buck Yearns (2010). 6835:The parties are as follows: 2669:Washington metropolitan area 2488:2010 United States elections 2157:became Republicans, such as 1390:except for his running mate 1384:the largely Protestant South 743:administration, forming the 661:largely settled until after 264:" that has been employed by 7: 16751:International border states 16040:Grantham, Dewey W. (1992). 15512:Federal Election Commission 15483:Federal Election Commission 15454:Federal Election Commission 15402:University Press of Florida 15105:(U of Georgia Press, 2009). 14941:Aistrup, Joseph A. (2015). 14606:Political Science Quarterly 14575:American Review of Politics 14435:Reviews in American History 12967:, W. W. Norton, 1984, p. 94 12442:(2010) passim, esp. p. 204. 12373:University Press of Florida 11617:United States Census Bureau 10736:state by the Census Bureau. 10650: 2608: 2375:; the Democratic ticket of 2141:. Conversely, Clinton lost 2109:, while the Republican won 1541:was arrested at a peaceful 1457:; the Dixiecrat candidate, 1298:the great landslide of 1894 1219: 1152: 1083: 813: 418:(1865–1877) to reestablish 35:Solid South (Southern bloc) 10: 16935: 16778:Red states and blue states 13817:"Senate – August 29, 1957" 12963:Williams, John Alexander, 12939:A History of West Virginia 12765:Princeton University Press 12677:Princeton University Press 12602:American Historical Review 11758:"On this day: 1865-FEB-03" 10493: 10225: 10151: 9839: 9517: 9176: 8214: 7908:George Washington Donaghey 7522:Charles Triplett O'Ferrall 7395: 7345:Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr. 7289: 7030: 2612: 2553:won three of six statewide 2396:2004 presidential election 2324:1976 presidential election 2262:Northeastern United States 2005:, former Georgia governor 1700: 1694: 1664:1964 presidential election 1529:, the Democratic nominee, 1431:1956 presidential election 1356:1928 presidential election 1333:1920 presidential election 1223: 1156: 1127:1924 presidential election 1125:, but Coolidge won in the 1123:1920 presidential election 1104:1896 presidential election 984:1896 presidential election 968:1976 presidential election 834:1920 presidential election 817: 751:in white primaries in the 725:1928 presidential election 702:1920 presidential election 451: 442: 151:. During this period, the 113:1924 presidential election 18: 16833: 16708: 16652: 16601: 16496: 16487: 16445: 16385: 16376: 16300: 16214: 16156: 16108: 16101: 14751:The American Conservative 14642:10.1017/S0898030620000044 14630:Journal of Policy History 14151:10.1017/S0003055403000650 14102:10.1017/S1537592708081218 13863:"Senate – March 27, 1962" 13771:"Senate – August 7, 1957" 13170:Valelly, Richard (2004). 12530:Southern Economic Journal 11957:Constitutional Commentary 11942:– via Google Books. 11850:Lemann, Nicholas (2007). 11800:A new history of Kentucky 10732:Missouri is considered a 10629: 10623: 10612: 10596: 10590: 10579: 10573: 10567: 10561: 10550: 10539: 10533: 10527: 10521: 10510: 10504: 10487: 10481: 10470: 10459: 10448: 10437: 10431: 10425: 10419: 10413: 10407: 10401: 10390: 10379: 10368: 10362: 10351: 10345: 10339: 10328: 10317: 10306: 10300: 10294: 10283: 10277: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10242: 10231: 10219: 10208: 10197: 10191: 10185: 10179: 10168: 10157: 10140: 10134: 10123: 10117: 10111: 10105: 10099: 10093: 10082: 10071: 10065: 10057: 10046: 10040: 10034: 10023: 10017: 10011: 10005: 9994: 9983: 9972: 9966: 9960: 9949: 9943: 9937: 9931: 9925: 9919: 9913: 9902: 9891: 9885: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9851: 9845: 9833: 9822: 9811: 9800: 9794: 9788: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9759: 9753: 9747: 9741: 9735: 9724: 9713: 9707: 9696: 9685: 9679: 9673: 9667: 9661: 9655: 9644: 9633: 9627: 9616: 9610: 9604: 9593: 9587: 9581: 9575: 9569: 9563: 9557: 9546: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9509: 9498: 9492: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9434: 9423: 9417: 9412: 9406: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9372: 9366: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9339:Albertis S. Harrison, Jr. 9337: 9326: 9320: 9314: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9280: 9274: 9268: 9262: 9256: 9245: 9234: 9228: 9217: 9211: 9205: 9194: 9188: 9182: 9170: 9159: 9153: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9110: 9099: 9093: 9082: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9053: 9042: 9036: 9030: 9024: 9018: 9012: 9006: 8995: 8989: 8978: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8943: 8937: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8868: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8837: 8831: 8820: 8814: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8788: 8782: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8753: 8747: 8741: 8730: 8719: 8713: 8707: 8701: 8695: 8689: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8627: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8511: 8500: 8492: 8486: 8480: 8469: 8463: 8457: 8451: 8445: 8434: 8428: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8391: 8383: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8335: 8329: 8323: 8317: 8306: 8301: 8295: 8289: 8278: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8220: 8208: 8202: 8191: 8185: 8177: 8171: 8160: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8108: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8079: 8073: 8067: 8061: 8055: 8044: 8038: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8009: 8006: 7995: 7991:Phillips Lee Goldsborough 7989: 7983: 7977: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7952: 7946: 7935: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7889: 7883: 7877: 7871: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7842: 7839: 7833: 7822: 7811: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7734: 7723: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7688: 7680: 7672: 7666: 7660: 7655: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7624: 7613: 7607: 7601: 7595: 7589: 7583: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7549: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7520: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7451: 7445: 7439: 7433: 7427: 7416: 7410: 7389: 7378: 7372: 7366: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7332: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7303: 7292: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7267:Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr. 7265: 7254: 7248: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7179: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7120: 7109: 7103: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7072: 7061: 7055: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7024: 7018: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6982: 6976: 2681:Virginia General Assembly 2603:Virginia General Assembly 2570:for the first time since 2524:2010 U.S. House elections 2477:Atlanta metropolitan area 2422:socially liberal policies 2185:(1994) from Alabama; and 1904:The American Conservative 1506:, the popular Republican 1206:Phillips Lee Goldsborough 1190:Maryland General Assembly 1131:William O'Connell Bradley 845:become a state until 1907 672:considered proposals for 404:Emancipation Proclamation 95: 71: 61: 51: 41: 32: 15862:Sullivan, Robert David; 15505:"Federal Elections 2020" 15476:"Federal Elections 2016" 15447:"Federal Elections 2012" 15396:Dennis, Michael (2009). 14897:Harvard University Press 14840:Harvard University Press 14090:Perspectives on Politics 14062:. Working Paper Series. 13660:"TX US Senate - Special" 13067:See Bolin, Janes Duane; 12965:West Virginia, a History 12787:Sullivan, Robert David; 12539:August 19, 2020, at the 12532:8#3 (1942), pp. 291–308 12133:Sullivan, Robert David; 11640:The Confederate Congress 11385:Social Science Quarterly 11332:Resigned April 10, 2017. 10719: 9939:Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. 8968:William Preston Lane Jr. 7862:Thomas Mitchell Campbell 7227:Henry Dickerson McDaniel 7074:Frederick W. M. Holliday 2416:anathema to the state's 2409:congressional delegation 1974:, and heavily urbanized 1617:Civil Rights Act of 1964 1553:, and Kennedy's brother 1251:winning in a landslide. 1078:congressional delegation 545:" laws which reinforced 541:White Democrats passed " 149:Civil Rights Act of 1964 16026:Feldman, Glenn (2013). 16019:Feldman, Glenn (2015). 15514:. Washington, D.C. 2013 15485:. Washington, D.C. 2013 15456:. Washington, D.C. 2013 15435:. pp. 63 & 64. 15375:"Goodbye West Virginia" 15115:John C. Hudson (2002). 14713:(subscription required) 14276:Feldman, Glenn (2011). 14153:(inactive 2024-08-27). 13953:The Journal of Politics 12937:Ambler, Charles Henry, 12492:The Journal of Politics 12367:Topping, Simon (2008). 12333:. Ottawa: Lyons Press. 12184:McFarland & Company 11592:Encyclopedia Britannica 11424:The Journal of Politics 9927:William Donald Schaefer 7736:Andrew Jackson Montague 7711:Charles Brantley Aycock 7134:William Thomas Hamilton 2492:November 2008 elections 2177:(1995) from Louisiana; 2033:and every state except 1608:, rather than Kennedy. 1256:Delaware's governorship 1192:passed the bill, which 759:of Georgia and Senator 143:between the end of the 16056:Sabato, Larry (1977). 15337:, Uselectionatlas.org. 14995:, Uselectionatlas.org. 14808:Hanover, New Hampshire 13548:Buchholz, Michael O., 13478:University of Michigan 13432:Kari A. Frederickson, 12950:Herbert, Hilary Abner 12738:Gaddie, Ronald Keith. 12375:. pp. 11, 14–16. 12327:Farris, Scott (2012). 12121:(and subsequent years) 11491:"US Census Region Map" 10776:following the latter. 10708:Tantamount to election 10625:Sarah Huckabee Sanders 9548:A. Linwood Holton, Jr. 9328:William Wallace Barron 9258:John Malcolm Patterson 9161:Thomas Bahnson Stanley 8121:Charles Hillman Brough 8040:George Washington Hays 7920:William Walton Kitchin 7603:Daniel Lindsay Russell 7545:William Yates Atkinson 7487:William Meade Fishback 7334:Lawrence Sullivan Ross 7256:Robert Milligan McLane 7151:Thomas James Churchill 7098:William Dunlap Simpson 2647:). Moreover, it had a 2632: 2527: 2414:environmental policies 2403: 2257: 2153:died off. Some former 2058: 1869: 1847:conservative coalition 1761:Southern United States 1752: 1671: 1588: 1539:Martin Luther King Jr. 1434: 1359: 1314:was a bellwether state 1283: 1070:Charles James Faulkner 991: 897:Guinn v. United States 894:from 1870 to 1960. In 874:Oklahoma did not have 837: 745:conservative coalition 709: 608: 574: 532: 478: 301: 231:became a state in 1907 174:to the office itself. 172:tantamount to election 141:Southern United States 128: 120: 16425:Appalachian Highlands 16400:Intermontane Plateaus 16136:Minor Outlying Island 14510:The Persuadable Voter 14447:10.1353/rah.2007.0004 13552:, August, 1973, p. 43 13453:. PBS. Archived from 12924:Bastress, Robert M., 12067:governor of Louisiana 11905:6 J. Morgan Kousser, 11778:"Slavery in Delaware" 10683:Democrat in Name Only 10673:Conservative Democrat 10142:Murphy J. Foster, Jr. 9419:Robert Evander McNair 8904:Benjamin Travis Laney 8816:J. Melville Broughton 8576:Junius Marion Futrell 8565:Martin Sennett Conner 8187:James B. A. Robertson 8139:Thomas Walter Bickett 8127:Sidney Johnston Catts 7968:Oscar Branch Colquitt 7879:Jared Y. Sanders, Sr. 7799:Robert Broadnax Glenn 7294:Emanuel Willis Wilson 7221:James Henderson Berry 7140:Thomas Bothwell Jeter 7032:Unorganized territory 2658:Republican Revolution 2622: 2556:down-ballot positions 2521: 2426:U.S. House delegation 2393: 2365:extraordinarily close 2282:Northeast megalopolis 2215: 2208:Northeast realignment 2198:Republican Revolution 2193:(1998) from Georgia. 2055:1994 general election 2052: 1864: 1808:Republican Revolution 1798:carried 49 states in 1777:civil rights movement 1710: 1701:Further information: 1661: 1645:1960 Civil Rights Act 1641:1957 Civil Rights Act 1582: 1443:civil rights movement 1437:Democratic President 1428: 1407:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1353: 1293:North American Review 1269: 1249:Franklin D. Roosevelt 981: 932:Northwestern Oklahoma 876:a Republican governor 827: 765:House Rules Committee 741:Franklin D. Roosevelt 718:a Republican governor 699: 603: 569: 519: 476: 284: 126: 110: 16121:District of Columbia 15632:(November 13, 2010). 15350:. January 28, 2009. 15054:The Spokesman-Review 14608:108 (1993): 283–306 13871:Congressional Record 13825:Congressional Record 13779:Congressional Record 13513:on October 22, 2012. 13457:on February 21, 2017 13392:Questions of the Day 13138:on February 23, 2014 12712:Richard M. Valelly, 12186:. pp. 149–153. 12021:24#1 (2010): 57–89. 11985:(2001), Introduction 11879:Gordon B. McKinney, 11588:"American Civil War" 10825:Electoral Commission 9962:Wallace G. Wilkinson 9864:Martha Layne Collins 9646:Mills E. Godwin, Jr. 9453:Winthrop Rockefeller 9436:Mills E. Godwin, Jr. 9397:Paul B. Johnson, Jr. 9148:Charley Eugene Johns 9072:Lawrence W. Wetherby 8812:Eugene Talmadge (D) 8790:Paul B. Johnson, Sr. 8606:Harry Hill McAlister 8600:John C.B. Ehringhaus 8530:Richard Russell, Jr. 8513:John Garland Pollard 8416:Lamartine G. Hardman 8410:John Ellis Martineau 8350:Tom Jefferson Terral 8233:Thomas Chipman McRae 7926:William E. Glasscock 7885:Austin Lane Crothers 7856:Malcolm R. Patterson 7813:William M. O. Dawson 7662:William Wright Heard 7591:Daniel Webster Jones 7551:Charles A. Culberson 7511:William A. MacCorkle 7091:Thomas Jordan Jarvis 2625:2022 House elections 2591:Virginia Legislature 2564:Shelley Moore Capito 2015:1980 re-election bid 1970:, heavily unionized 1900:dog-whistle politics 1639:, and voted for the 1508:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1498:In the elections of 1197:Austin Lane Crothers 832:won Oklahoma in the 686:Fourteenth Amendment 555:Fourteenth Amendment 314:District of Columbia 304:At the start of the 96:National affiliation 19:For the play titled 16563:Newlands Resolution 16518:Southwest Territory 16513:Northwest Territory 15915:The Washington Post 15824:Wall Street Journal 15745:. November 4, 2014. 14973:Uselectionatlas.org 14768:Wall Street Journal 14252:Pew Research Center 13447:American Experience 13269:. pp. 180–181. 13267:History of Delaware 13233:. pp. 165–169. 13231:History of Delaware 12986:The Washington Post 12808:Ranney, Joseph A.; 12655:"1958-1966 results" 12506:321 U.S. 649 (1944) 12504:Smith v. Allwright, 12069:from 1892 to 1900). 11676:Dubin, Michael J., 11534:. November 11, 2010 11476:Dewey W. Grantham, 10713:Yellow dog Democrat 9459:Claude R. Kirk, Jr. 9385:Edward T. Breathitt 9276:J. Howard Edmondson 8928:Clarence W. Meadows 8910:Millard F. Caldwell 8801:Homer Martin Adkins 8495:William J. Holloway 8471:Henry Hollis Horton 8362:Angus Wilton McLean 8092:Augustus O. Stanley 8063:Nathaniel E. Harris 8046:Henry Carter Stuart 7937:William Hodges Mann 7902:Albert W. Gilchrist 7873:Augustus E. Willson 7793:Napoleon B. Broward 7770:Newton C. Blanchard 7705:William S. Jennings 7441:Thomas Michael Holt 7357:Elihu Emory Jackson 7351:Francis T. Nicholls 7285:Alfred Moore Scales 7198:Hugh Smith Thompson 7026:Zebulon Baird Vance 7008:Francis T. Nicholls 6984:William Read Miller 6890: 6794: 2700: 2649:Republican Governor 2484:split their tickets 2328:governor of Georgia 2255: 15% and under 2225: 32% and above 2169:(2004) from Texas; 1750: 24% and under 1720: 45% and above 1703:Lily-white movement 1512:Rutherford B. Hayes 1262:Presidential voting 1247:, despite Democrat 1212:(1935 to 1939) and 1159:History of Maryland 1135:Augustus E. Willson 1002:is classified as a 682:Edgar D. Crumpacker 678:1900 Federal Census 562:Electoral dominance 508:grandfather clauses 431:groups such as the 255:former Confederates 16660:Atlantic Northeast 16573:Cession of Tutuila 16523:Louisiana Purchase 16420:Interior Highlands 16148:Maritime territory 15992:"Former Governors" 15322:The New York Times 15175:. Guilford Press. 15082:The New York Times 15057:. November 6, 1996 14869:The Morning Record 14786:The Morning Record 14701:The New York Times 14615:2020-04-11 at the 14548:10.1353/sof.0.0284 14366:on January 2, 2022 13279:Dawson, Marion L., 13006:Phillips, Kevin P. 12745:2011-09-03 at the 12061:, and the note to 11693:. November 1, 1864 11528:"The long goodbye" 10803:California in 1892 10799:California in 1912 10703:Southern Democrats 10159:Cecil H. Underwood 10073:James B. Hunt, Jr. 9893:Arch A. Moore, Jr. 9790:John Y. Brown, Jr. 9709:James B. Hunt, Jr. 9537:Arch A. Moore, Jr. 9500:John Bell Williams 9236:Cecil H. Underwood 9136:William C. Marland 9124:William B. Umstead 8980:Beauford H. Jester 8962:Melvin E. Thompson 8939:Fielding L. Wright 8691:Carl Edward Bailey 8612:Miriam A. Ferguson 8524:Benjamin M. Miller 8488:Oliver Max Gardner 8368:Miriam A. Ferguson 8331:Henry L. Whitfield 8291:William W. Brandon 8280:Elbert Lee Trinkle 8245:Thomas W. Hardwick 8162:Westmoreland Davis 8104:Emerson Harrington 8098:Ruffin G. Pleasant 7850:Charles N. Haskell 7693:William J. Samford 7615:George W. Atkinson 7609:Robert Love Taylor 7597:William D. Bloxham 7585:Joseph F. Johnston 7574:Anselm J. McLaurin 7562:William O. Bradley 7435:William J. Northen 7412:Philip W. McKinney 7403:(appointed by the 7399:Oklahoma Territory 7380:Daniel Gould Fowle 7374:Francis P. Fleming 7368:James Philip Eagle 7328:Robert Love Taylor 7204:William E. Cameron 7157:William D. Bloxham 7050:Richard B. Hubbard 6996:Alfred H. Colquitt 6888: 6792: 2698: 2633: 2528: 2420:industry and with 2404: 2258: 2155:Southern Democrats 2151:rigidly Democratic 2059: 1870: 1839:Southern Democrats 1753: 1672: 1637:universal suffrage 1602:unpledged electors 1589: 1551:Coretta Scott King 1441:'s support of the 1435: 1421:After World War II 1392:Joseph T. Robinson 1360: 1284: 1280:John T. McCutcheon 1272:Theodore Roosevelt 1178:Lloyd Lowndes, Jr. 1172:in 1912 and 1916. 992: 861:Oklahoma Territory 838: 791:Smith v. Allwright 755:, such as Senator 749:Southern Democrats 733:Joseph T. Robinson 710: 575: 551:racial segregation 479: 306:American Civil War 302: 157:Southern Democrats 145:Reconstruction era 129: 121: 16871: 16870: 16680:Pacific Northwest 16670:Columbia District 16648: 16647: 16578:Cession of Manu'a 16538:Adams–Onís Treaty 16508:Thirteen Colonies 16483: 16482: 16410:Laurentian Upland 16372: 16371: 15411:978-0-8130-3291-7 15207:978-1-139-49313-0 14954:978-0-8131-4792-5 14493:978-0-8071-2374-4 14202:. FactCheck.org. 13747:. July 19, 2014. 13697:978-0-8122-9326-5 13488:on April 2, 2013. 13407:(1974), pp 123–61 13371:Allan J. Lichtman 13018:978-0-691-16324-6 12854:R. Hal Williams, 12725:Finkelman, Paul; 12699:Finkelman, Paul; 12254:978-0-226-84527-2 12220:978-0-8139-0467-2 11892:C. Van Woodward, 11866:George C. Rable, 11718:on April 25, 2012 11566:Rasmussen Reports 11042:William S. Taylor 10648: 10647: 10101:Parris Glendening 9904:Gerald L. Baliles 9477:Dewey F. Bartlett 9247:J. Lindsay Almond 9118:Daniel T. McCarty 9078:Theodore McKeldin 8991:Earle C. Clements 8833:Coke R. Stevenson 8652:Ernest W. Marland 8536:William H. Murray 8502:William G. Conley 8465:Theodore G. Bilbo 8430:Henry S. Johnston 8386:Oramel H. Simpson 8319:William J. Fields 8269:Ephraim F. Morgan 8110:Theodore G. Bilbo 8081:James E. Ferguson 8057:Charles Henderson 8029:Henry D. Hatfield 7979:James B. McCreary 7824:Claude A. Swanson 7782:James K. Vardaman 7747:Joseph M. Terrell 7674:Andrew H. Longino 7668:John Walter Smith 7568:Lloyd Lowndes Jr. 7539:James Paul Clarke 7493:Henry L. Mitchell 7418:Aretas B. Fleming 7163:Samuel D. McEnery 7122:Luke P. Blackburn 7002:James B. McCreary 6978:George S. Houston 6852:Farmers' Alliance 6818: 6817: 6790: 6789: 2665:Northern Virginia 2629:majority-minority 1843:more conservative 1823:White Southerners 1785:Lyndon B. Johnson 1769:Ebonya Washington 1697:Southern strategy 1691:Southern strategy 1555:Robert F. Kennedy 1535:Lyndon B. Johnson 1490:New York Governor 1473:, and his native 1394:'s home state of 1337:Warren G. Harding 1214:Theodore McKeldin 1145:(1927-1931), and 1119:Warren G. Harding 1066:Allen T. Caperton 956:Lyndon B. Johnson 946:(1925-1931), and 916:Warren G. Harding 853:permitted slavery 830:Warren G. Harding 704:, all the former 680:, Representative 262:Southern strategy 168:primary elections 117:landslide victory 105: 104: 16926: 16861: 16860: 16851: 16850: 16841: 16840: 16543:Texas annexation 16528:Gadsden Purchase 16494: 16493: 16395:Pacific Mountain 16383: 16382: 16106: 16105: 16088: 16081: 16074: 16065: 16064: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16002: 15988: 15982: 15981: 15974: 15968: 15967: 15965: 15963: 15953: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15942: 15932: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15921: 15906: 15900: 15899: 15897: 15895: 15881: 15875: 15868:America Magazine 15860: 15854: 15853: 15851: 15849: 15837: 15828: 15827: 15815: 15809: 15808: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15792: 15790: 15775: 15769: 15768: 15766: 15764: 15753: 15747: 15746: 15735: 15729: 15728: 15726: 15724: 15710: 15704: 15703: 15701: 15699: 15685: 15679: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15658: 15652: 15642: 15633: 15622: 15616: 15615: 15613: 15611: 15605: 15594: 15586: 15580: 15579: 15577: 15575: 15560: 15554: 15553: 15551: 15549: 15535: 15524: 15523: 15521: 15519: 15509: 15501: 15495: 15494: 15492: 15490: 15480: 15472: 15466: 15465: 15463: 15461: 15451: 15443: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15422: 15416: 15415: 15393: 15387: 15386: 15370: 15364: 15363: 15361: 15359: 15344: 15338: 15332: 15326: 15325: 15313: 15307: 15306: 15304: 15302: 15282: 15276: 15275: 15273: 15271: 15256: 15250: 15249: 15247: 15245: 15235: 15229: 15228: 15218: 15212: 15211: 15193: 15187: 15186: 15168: 15162: 15161: 15137: 15131: 15130: 15112: 15106: 15099: 15093: 15092: 15090: 15088: 15073: 15067: 15066: 15064: 15062: 15045: 15039: 15038: 15002: 14996: 14990: 14984: 14983: 14981: 14979: 14965: 14959: 14958: 14938: 14932: 14931: 14929: 14927: 14917: 14911: 14910: 14879: 14873: 14872: 14860: 14854: 14853: 14822: 14816: 14815: 14796: 14790: 14789: 14777: 14771: 14760: 14754: 14747:"Nixon in Dixie" 14744: 14738: 14737: 14721: 14715: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14708: 14692: 14686: 14685: 14683: 14682: 14660: 14654: 14653: 14625: 14619: 14599: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14566: 14560: 14559: 14542:(3): 1083–1101. 14531: 14525: 14524: 14504: 14498: 14497: 14477: 14471: 14470: 14430: 14424: 14423: 14421: 14415:. 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Pierce, 13401: 13395: 13384: 13378: 13368: 13362: 13361: 13359: 13357: 13335: 13329: 13328: 13310: 13304: 13303: 13300:msa.maryland.gov 13292: 13286: 13277: 13271: 13270: 13262: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13252: 13241: 13235: 13234: 13226: 13220: 13219: 13217: 13215: 13192: 13186: 13185: 13167: 13161: 13154: 13148: 13147: 13145: 13143: 13137: 13130: 13118: 13109: 13108: 13101: 13095: 13085: 13079: 13065: 13059: 13052: 13046: 13039: 13033: 13026: 13020: 13003: 12997: 12996: 12994: 12992: 12977: 12968: 12961: 12955: 12948: 12942: 12935: 12929: 12922: 12916: 12911:Snell, Mark A., 12909: 12903: 12896: 12890: 12889: 12887: 12886: 12880: 12873: 12865: 12859: 12852: 12846: 12839: 12833: 12826: 12820: 12806: 12800: 12799:; June 29, 2016. 12793:America Magazine 12785: 12779: 12778: 12756: 12750: 12740:Republican Party 12736: 12730: 12723: 12717: 12710: 12704: 12697: 12691: 12690: 12668: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12651: 12645: 12631: 12625: 12618: 12612: 12598: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12570: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12560: 12549: 12543: 12526: 12520: 12513: 12507: 12501: 12495: 12488: 12482: 12481: 12479: 12477: 12468:. 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Foster 12048: 12042: 12041: 12031: 12025: 12015: 12009: 12008: 11992: 11986: 11981:Michael Perman. 11979: 11973: 11966: 11960: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11923: 11910: 11909:(Yale UP, 1974). 11903: 11897: 11896:(1951) pp 235–90 11890: 11884: 11877: 11871: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11847: 11841: 11840: 11838: 11837: 11822: 11816: 11814: 11794: 11788: 11787: 11785: 11784: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11764: 11754: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11744: 11733: 11727: 11726: 11724: 11723: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11698: 11687: 11681: 11674: 11668: 11661: 11655: 11654: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11598: 11583: 11577: 11576: 11574: 11572: 11557: 11548: 11547: 11541: 11539: 11524: 11511: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11487: 11481: 11474: 11468: 11467: 11419: 11413: 11412: 11380: 11360: 11357: 11351: 11348: 11342: 11339: 11333: 11330: 11324: 11321: 11315: 11312: 11306: 11303: 11297: 11294: 11288: 11285: 11279: 11276: 11267: 11264: 11258: 11255: 11249: 11246: 11240: 11237: 11231: 11224: 11218: 11215: 11209: 11206: 11200: 11197: 11191: 11188: 11182: 11179: 11173: 11170: 11159: 11156: 11150: 11147: 11141: 11137: 11131: 11127: 11121: 11118: 11112: 11109: 11103: 11100: 11094: 11091: 11085: 11082: 11049: 11039: 11033: 11030: 11024: 11021: 11015: 11012: 11006: 11003: 10978: 10975: 10950: 10946: 10940: 10929: 10923: 10916: 10910: 10903: 10897: 10894: 10888: 10881: 10875: 10868: 10862: 10855: 10849: 10842: 10836: 10833: 10827: 10821: 10810: 10795:Maryland in 1904 10791:Maryland in 1832 10783: 10777: 10743: 10737: 10730: 10698:Neo-Confederates 10668:Bourbon Democrat 10512:John Bel Edwards 10439:Earl Ray Tomblin 9847:Joe Frank Harris 9681:James B. Edwards 9629:James Holshouser 9483:Buford Ellington 9368:Frank G. Clement 9316:C. Farris Bryant 9282:Buford Ellington 9270:J. Millard Tawes 9219:James P. Coleman 9130:Frank G. Clement 9095:Robert F. Kennon 9044:Okey L. Patteson 8922:Jim Nance McCord 8893:Thomas L. Bailey 8881:Simeon S. Willis 8822:Matthew M. Neely 8807:Spessard Holland 8761:Leon C. Phillips 8703:Eurith D. Rivers 8542:Ross S. Sterling 8482:Doyle E. Carlton 8257:Alfred A. Taylor 8251:Cameron Morrison 8151:John J. Cornwell 8145:William P. Hobby 7753:James B. Frazier 7725:William D. Jelks 7682:J. C. W. Beckham 7649:Joseph D. Sayers 7637:Allen D. Candler 7626:James Hoge Tyler 7533:William C. Oates 7470:Murphy J. Foster 7447:John P. Buchanan 7250:J. Proctor Knott 7215:Edward A. O'Neal 7181:Jacob B. Jackson 7063:Henry M. Mathews 7037:Wade Hampton III 7014:John Lee Carroll 6891: 6887: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6807:Republican Party 6799:Democratic Party 6795: 6791: 2701: 2697: 2326:victory, former 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 1825:tend to be more 1789:African American 1757:Republican Party 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1725: 1719: 1633:private property 1585:Ralph Yarborough 1547:Atlanta, Georgia 1216:(1951 to 1959). 1186:Digges Amendment 988:William McKinley 849:Indian Territory 768:John J. O'Connor 668:In 1900, as the 599:Matthew Yglesias 515:Benjamin Tillman 464:the Lost Cause". 402:By the time the 164:one-party system 153:Democratic Party 147:in 1877 and the 137:Democratic Party 100:Democratic Party 62:Preceded by 30: 29: 16934: 16933: 16929: 16928: 16927: 16925: 16924: 16923: 16874: 16873: 16872: 16867: 16829: 16756:Mariana Islands 16704: 16685:Prairie Pothole 16665:The Californias 16644: 16597: 16558:Alaska Purchase 16553:Mexican Cession 16501: 16479: 16441: 16415:Interior Plains 16405:Rocky Mountains 16368: 16307: 16304: 16296: 16268:Middle Atlantic 16210: 16176:Hawaii–Aleutian 16152: 16097: 16092: 16016: 16014:Further reading 16011: 16010: 16000: 15998: 15990: 15989: 15985: 15976: 15975: 15971: 15961: 15959: 15955: 15954: 15950: 15940: 15938: 15934: 15933: 15929: 15919: 15917: 15907: 15903: 15893: 15891: 15883: 15882: 15878: 15874:; June 29, 2016 15861: 15857: 15847: 15845: 15838: 15831: 15816: 15812: 15803: 15802: 15798: 15788: 15786: 15776: 15772: 15762: 15760: 15755: 15754: 15750: 15737: 15736: 15732: 15722: 15720: 15712: 15711: 15707: 15697: 15695: 15687: 15686: 15682: 15672: 15670: 15660: 15659: 15655: 15643: 15636: 15630:Washington Post 15623: 15619: 15609: 15607: 15606:on May 22, 2022 15603: 15592: 15588: 15587: 15583: 15573: 15571: 15561: 15557: 15547: 15545: 15537: 15536: 15527: 15517: 15515: 15507: 15503: 15502: 15498: 15488: 15486: 15478: 15474: 15473: 15469: 15459: 15457: 15449: 15445: 15444: 15440: 15432: 15423: 15419: 15412: 15400:. 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(1978). 12397: 12390: 12383: 12365: 12361: 12352: 12348: 12341: 12325: 12321: 12306: 12302: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12274: 12273: 12269: 12259: 12257: 12255: 12239: 12235: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12205: 12201: 12194: 12168: 12164: 12153: 12149: 12145:; June 29, 2016 12132: 12125: 12117: 12113: 12100: 12093: 12080: 12073: 12065:(who served as 12049: 12045: 12032: 12028: 12016: 12012: 11993: 11989: 11980: 11976: 11968:Glenn Feldman, 11967: 11963: 11951: 11947: 11940: 11924: 11913: 11904: 11900: 11891: 11887: 11878: 11874: 11865: 11861: 11848: 11844: 11835: 11833: 11824: 11823: 11819: 11811: 11795: 11791: 11782: 11780: 11776: 11775: 11771: 11762: 11760: 11756: 11755: 11751: 11742: 11740: 11735: 11734: 11730: 11721: 11719: 11710: 11709: 11705: 11696: 11694: 11689: 11688: 11684: 11675: 11671: 11662: 11658: 11651: 11635: 11631: 11621: 11619: 11611: 11610: 11606: 11596: 11594: 11584: 11580: 11570: 11568: 11558: 11551: 11537: 11535: 11526: 11525: 11514: 11505: 11501: 11493: 11489: 11488: 11484: 11475: 11471: 11436:10.2307/2131041 11420: 11416: 11381: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11363: 11358: 11354: 11349: 11345: 11340: 11336: 11331: 11327: 11322: 11318: 11313: 11309: 11304: 11300: 11295: 11291: 11286: 11282: 11277: 11270: 11265: 11261: 11256: 11252: 11247: 11243: 11238: 11234: 11225: 11221: 11216: 11212: 11207: 11203: 11198: 11194: 11189: 11185: 11180: 11176: 11171: 11162: 11157: 11153: 11148: 11144: 11138: 11134: 11128: 11124: 11119: 11115: 11110: 11106: 11101: 11097: 11092: 11088: 11083: 11052: 11040: 11036: 11031: 11027: 11022: 11018: 11013: 11009: 11005:Died in office. 11004: 10981: 10976: 10953: 10947: 10943: 10930: 10926: 10917: 10913: 10904: 10900: 10895: 10891: 10882: 10878: 10872:John F. Kennedy 10869: 10865: 10859:Walter B. Jones 10856: 10852: 10843: 10839: 10834: 10830: 10822: 10813: 10787:Florida in 2000 10784: 10780: 10747:Great Migration 10744: 10740: 10731: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10653: 10472:Terry McAuliffe 10353:Martin O'Malley 10302:Kathleen Blanco 10210:Ronnie Musgrove 10060:Jim Folsom, Jr. 9985:Gaston Caperton 9887:James G. Martin 9773:Lamar Alexander 9715:Jay Rockefeller 9606:Wendell H. Ford 9525:Robert W. Scott 9447:Lurleen Wallace 9425:Hulett C. Smith 9408:W. Haydon Burns 9264:Ernest Vandiver 9196:Raymond D. Gary 9084:Johnston Murray 9032:Gordon Browning 9020:Herman Talmadge 8945:William M. Tuck 8916:R. Gregg Cherry 8863:Dennis Murphree 8850:Chauncey Sparks 8773:W. Lee O'Daniel 8767:Prentice Cooper 8755:Herbert O'Conor 8715:Gordon Browning 8658:James V. Allred 8629:George C. Peery 8588:Eugene Talmadge 8559:Alvin Olin King 8453:Flem D. Sampson 8423:Dennis Murphree 8338:Martin E. Trapp 8297:Clifford Walker 8263:Pat Morris Neff 8204:Edwin P. Morrow 7914:Joseph M. Brown 7759:S. W. T. Lanham 7717:Albert B. White 7643:Benton McMillin 7429:Thomas G. Jones 7273:Edward A. Perry 7233:William B. Bate 7111:Oran M. Roberts 7105:Albert S. Marks 7057:James L. Kemper 7043:James D. Porter 6877: 6876: 6867: 6866: 6857: 6856: 6847: 6846: 6837: 6836: 6829: 2695: 2689: 2617: 2611: 2540:Blanche Lincoln 2534:in Florida and 2512: 2510:2010 to present 2465:Hillary Clinton 2357: 2317:Thomas E. Dewey 2293:Harry S. Truman 2256: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2210: 2196:As part of the 2047: 1859: 1841:were generally 1781:John F. Kennedy 1773:racial backlash 1765:Ilyana Kuziemko 1751: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1668:Barry Goldwater 1651:, which banned 1625:Barry Goldwater 1531:John F. Kennedy 1520:Adlai Stevenson 1493:Thomas E. Dewey 1486:Harry S. Truman 1451:Dixiecrat Party 1439:Harry S. Truman 1423: 1345:Calvin Coolidge 1264: 1228: 1222: 1165: 1155: 1143:Flem D. Sampson 1139:Edwin P. Morrow 1086: 1042: 976: 948:Edward H. Moore 944:William B. Pine 940:John W. Harreld 882:was elected in 822: 816: 775:Great Migration 694: 639:German-American 564: 547:white supremacy 524: 523: 456: 450: 445: 420:white supremacy 279: 176:White primaries 115:, a Republican 88: 84: 82:White supremacy 80: 37: 36: 28: 25:Lawton Campbell 17: 12: 11: 5: 16932: 16922: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16865: 16855: 16845: 16834: 16831: 16830: 16828: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16816: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16774: 16773: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16712: 16710: 16706: 16705: 16703: 16702: 16700:Virgin Islands 16697: 16695:Sonoran Desert 16692: 16690:Samoan Islands 16687: 16682: 16677: 16675:Oregon Country 16672: 16667: 16662: 16656: 16654: 16650: 16649: 16646: 16645: 16643: 16642: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16630: 16620: 16619: 16618: 16607: 16605: 16599: 16598: 16596: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16580: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16533:Treaty of 1818 16530: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16510: 16504: 16502: 16497: 16491: 16485: 16484: 16481: 16480: 16478: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16451: 16449: 16443: 16442: 16440: 16439: 16438: 16437: 16430:Atlantic Plain 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16391: 16389: 16380: 16374: 16373: 16370: 16369: 16367: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16310: 16308: 16301: 16298: 16297: 16295: 16294: 16293: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16272: 16271: 16270: 16265: 16255: 16254: 16253: 16248: 16238: 16237: 16236: 16231: 16220: 16218: 16212: 16211: 16209: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16162: 16160: 16154: 16153: 16151: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16139: 16138: 16133: 16123: 16118: 16112: 16110: 16103: 16102:Administrative 16099: 16098: 16091: 16090: 16083: 16076: 16068: 16062: 16061: 16054: 16045: 16038: 16031: 16024: 16015: 16012: 16009: 16008: 15983: 15969: 15948: 15927: 15901: 15876: 15855: 15829: 15810: 15796: 15770: 15748: 15730: 15705: 15680: 15653: 15634: 15617: 15581: 15555: 15525: 15496: 15467: 15438: 15417: 15410: 15388: 15365: 15339: 15327: 15308: 15277: 15251: 15230: 15213: 15206: 15188: 15181: 15163: 15156: 15132: 15125: 15107: 15094: 15068: 15040: 15019:10.2307/419496 14997: 14985: 14960: 14953: 14933: 14912: 14905: 14874: 14855: 14848: 14817: 14806:(television). 14802:(2006-02-09). 14791: 14772: 14755: 14739: 14716: 14687: 14670:. 1969-11-14. 14655: 14636:(2): 214–238. 14620: 14594: 14561: 14526: 14520:978-1400831593 14519: 14499: 14492: 14472: 14425: 14422:on 2012-09-05. 14377: 14341: 14315: 14309:978-0190265960 14308: 14283: 14265: 14239: 14217: 14190: 14145:(2): 245–260. 14126: 14096:(3): 433–450. 14080: 14068:10.3386/w21703 14044: 14011: 13998: 13943: 13920: 13900: 13854: 13808: 13762: 13736: 13724: 13703: 13696: 13676: 13651: 13636: 13617:(3): 209–215. 13601: 13589:New York Times 13575: 13554: 13541: 13516: 13491: 13468: 13438: 13422: 13409: 13396: 13379: 13363: 13349: 13330: 13323: 13305: 13287: 13272: 13257: 13236: 13221: 13208:978-0942370010 13207: 13187: 13180: 13162: 13149: 13110: 13096: 13080: 13060: 13047: 13034: 13021: 12998: 12969: 12956: 12943: 12930: 12917: 12904: 12891: 12860: 12847: 12834: 12821: 12801: 12780: 12774:978-0691126494 12773: 12751: 12731: 12718: 12705: 12692: 12686:978-0691126494 12685: 12663: 12646: 12637:, pp. 318-319 12626: 12613: 12593: 12565: 12544: 12521: 12508: 12496: 12483: 12457: 12444: 12431: 12424: 12404: 12388: 12382:978-0813032283 12381: 12359: 12346: 12339: 12319: 12300: 12286: 12267: 12253: 12233: 12219: 12199: 12192: 12180:North Carolina 12162: 12147: 12123: 12111: 12091: 12071: 12043: 12026: 12010: 11987: 11974: 11961: 11945: 11938: 11911: 11898: 11885: 11872: 11870:(1984), p. 132 11859: 11842: 11817: 11810:978-0813126210 11809: 11789: 11769: 11749: 11728: 11703: 11682: 11669: 11656: 11650:978-0820334769 11649: 11629: 11604: 11578: 11549: 11512: 11499: 11482: 11469: 11414: 11391:(3): 494–518. 11371: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11352: 11343: 11334: 11325: 11316: 11307: 11298: 11289: 11280: 11268: 11259: 11250: 11241: 11232: 11219: 11210: 11201: 11192: 11183: 11174: 11160: 11151: 11142: 11132: 11122: 11113: 11104: 11095: 11086: 11050: 11046:William Goebel 11034: 11025: 11016: 11007: 10979: 10951: 10941: 10924: 10911: 10898: 10889: 10876: 10863: 10850: 10846:Strom Thurmond 10837: 10828: 10811: 10807:Hawaii in 1960 10778: 10766:South Carolina 10738: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10646: 10645: 10639: 10635: 10634: 10628: 10622: 10618: 10617: 10614:Glenn Youngkin 10611: 10607: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10595: 10589: 10585: 10584: 10578: 10572: 10566: 10560: 10556: 10555: 10549: 10545: 10544: 10538: 10535:Henry McMaster 10532: 10526: 10520: 10516: 10515: 10509: 10503: 10499: 10498: 10492: 10486: 10483:Asa Hutchinson 10480: 10476: 10475: 10469: 10465: 10464: 10458: 10454: 10453: 10447: 10443: 10442: 10436: 10430: 10424: 10418: 10412: 10406: 10403:Robert Bentley 10400: 10396: 10395: 10389: 10385: 10384: 10381:Beverly Perdue 10378: 10374: 10373: 10367: 10361: 10357: 10356: 10350: 10344: 10338: 10334: 10333: 10327: 10323: 10322: 10316: 10312: 10311: 10305: 10299: 10296:Ernie Fletcher 10293: 10289: 10288: 10282: 10276: 10270: 10264: 10258: 10252: 10248: 10247: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10230: 10224: 10218: 10214: 10213: 10207: 10203: 10202: 10196: 10190: 10184: 10178: 10174: 10173: 10167: 10163: 10162: 10156: 10150: 10146: 10145: 10139: 10136:Paul E. Patton 10133: 10129: 10128: 10125:George W. Bush 10122: 10116: 10110: 10104: 10098: 10092: 10088: 10087: 10081: 10077: 10076: 10070: 10067:Jim Guy Tucker 10064: 10056: 10052: 10051: 10045: 10039: 10036:Brereton Jones 10033: 10029: 10028: 10022: 10016: 10010: 10004: 10000: 9999: 9996:Douglas Wilder 9993: 9989: 9988: 9982: 9978: 9977: 9971: 9965: 9959: 9955: 9954: 9948: 9942: 9936: 9930: 9924: 9918: 9912: 9908: 9907: 9901: 9897: 9896: 9890: 9884: 9880: 9879: 9876:William Allain 9873: 9867: 9861: 9857: 9856: 9850: 9844: 9838: 9835:George Wallace 9832: 9828: 9827: 9821: 9817: 9816: 9813:Frank D. White 9810: 9806: 9805: 9802:William Winter 9799: 9793: 9787: 9783: 9782: 9776: 9770: 9764: 9758: 9752: 9746: 9740: 9734: 9730: 9729: 9726:John N. Dalton 9723: 9719: 9718: 9712: 9706: 9702: 9701: 9695: 9691: 9690: 9684: 9678: 9675:David L. Boren 9672: 9669:Julian Carroll 9666: 9660: 9654: 9650: 9649: 9643: 9639: 9638: 9632: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9615: 9609: 9603: 9599: 9598: 9592: 9586: 9580: 9574: 9568: 9562: 9559:George Wallace 9556: 9552: 9551: 9545: 9541: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9508: 9504: 9503: 9497: 9491: 9487: 9486: 9480: 9474: 9468: 9462: 9456: 9450: 9444: 9440: 9439: 9433: 9429: 9428: 9422: 9416: 9411: 9405: 9401: 9400: 9394: 9391:John McKeithen 9388: 9382: 9378: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9350:George Wallace 9347: 9343: 9342: 9336: 9332: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9309: 9308: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9286: 9285: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9261: 9255: 9251: 9250: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9223: 9222: 9216: 9210: 9207:Happy Chandler 9204: 9200: 9199: 9193: 9190:Marvin Griffin 9187: 9181: 9175: 9169: 9165: 9164: 9158: 9152: 9144: 9140: 9139: 9133: 9127: 9121: 9115: 9112:Francis Cherry 9109: 9105: 9104: 9098: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9066:Gordon Persons 9063: 9059: 9058: 9055:John S. Battle 9052: 9048: 9047: 9041: 9035: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9011: 9005: 9001: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8984: 8983: 8977: 8971: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8949: 8948: 8942: 8936: 8932: 8931: 8925: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8897: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8874: 8873: 8870:Robert S. Kerr 8867: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8843: 8842: 8839:Colgate Darden 8836: 8830: 8826: 8825: 8819: 8813: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8777: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8743:Frank M. Dixon 8740: 8736: 8735: 8732:James H. Price 8729: 8725: 8724: 8718: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8684: 8683: 8678: 8672: 8669:Happy Chandler 8666: 8662: 8661: 8655: 8649: 8643: 8637: 8633: 8632: 8626: 8622: 8621: 8618:Herman G. Kump 8615: 8609: 8603: 8597: 8594:Oscar K. Allen 8591: 8585: 8579: 8573: 8569: 8568: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8546: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8517: 8516: 8510: 8506: 8505: 8499: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8475: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8447:Harvey Parnell 8444: 8440: 8439: 8433: 8427: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8401: 8397: 8396: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8377: 8374:Howard M. Gore 8371: 8365: 8359: 8356:John W. Martin 8353: 8347: 8343: 8342: 8334: 8328: 8325:Henry L. Fuqua 8322: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8305: 8303:Jack C. Walton 8300: 8294: 8288: 8284: 8283: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8266: 8260: 8254: 8248: 8242: 8239:Cary A. Hardee 8236: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8222:Lee M. Russell 8219: 8216:Albert Ritchie 8213: 8210:John M. Parker 8207: 8201: 8197: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8180:James D. Black 8176: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8133:Hugh M. Dorsey 8130: 8124: 8118: 8114: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8078: 8072: 8069:R. L. Williams 8066: 8060: 8054: 8050: 8049: 8043: 8037: 8033: 8032: 8026: 8020: 8017:John M. Slaton 8014: 8008: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7997:Earl L. Brewer 7994: 7988: 7985:Luther E. Hall 7982: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7953: 7951: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7923: 7917: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7895: 7894: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7866: 7865: 7859: 7853: 7847: 7841: 7838: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7821: 7817: 7816: 7810: 7802: 7796: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7779: 7776:Edwin Warfield 7773: 7767: 7763: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7744: 7740: 7739: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7721: 7720: 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7678: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7623: 7619: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7578: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7559: 7555: 7554: 7548: 7542: 7536: 7530: 7526: 7525: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7473: 7467: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7394: 7388: 7384: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7354: 7348: 7342: 7338: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7322:John B. Gordon 7319: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7243: 7242: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7185: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7169:Johnson Hagood 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7128:Louis A. Wiltz 7125: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6993: 6990:George F. Drew 6987: 6981: 6975: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6948:South Carolina 6945: 6940: 6938:North Carolina 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6828: 6825: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6803: 6802: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6765:South Carolina 6762: 6757: 6755:North Carolina 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6636: 6631: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6515: 6508: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6295: 6288: 6281: 6274: 6267: 6260: 6253: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6208: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6133: 6126: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6026: 6021: 6014: 6007: 6002: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5923: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5583: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5557: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5510: 5505: 5498: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5465: 5458: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5339: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5216: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5147: 5140: 5133: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5059: 5052: 5047: 5040: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5016: 5009: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4985: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4938: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4890: 4883: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4847: 4840: 4833: 4828: 4821: 4816: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4371: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4106: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3831: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3693: 3686: 3679: 3672: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3521: 3516: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3430: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3339: 3334: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3255: 3248: 3241: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3048: 3041: 3038: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2975: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2763:South Carolina 2760: 2755: 2753:North Carolina 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2688: 2685: 2610: 2607: 2511: 2508: 2504:Elliott County 2445:North Carolina 2400:George W. Bush 2385:North Carolina 2369:George W. Bush 2356: 2353: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2209: 2206: 2202:1994 elections 2183:Richard Shelby 2127:South Carolina 2123:North Carolina 2067:1996 elections 2046: 2043: 1944:South Carolina 1940:North Carolina 1928:North Carolina 1916:South Carolina 1882:states' rights 1858: 1855: 1812:2010 elections 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1716: 1695:Main article: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1566:Strom Thurmond 1475:South Carolina 1459:Strom Thurmond 1422: 1419: 1376:Roman Catholic 1368:Herbert Hoover 1326:Woodrow Wilson 1278:. (Cartoon by 1263: 1260: 1241:Herbert Hoover 1221: 1218: 1170:Woodrow Wilson 1154: 1151: 1085: 1082: 1050:reconstruction 1041: 1038: 975: 972: 924:Herbert Hoover 888:"Little Dixie" 815: 812: 804:literacy tests 753:1938 elections 693: 690: 642:Texas counties 595:Woodrow Wilson 563: 560: 504:literacy tests 468:East Tennessee 452:Main article: 449: 448:1870s to 1910s 446: 444: 441: 416:Reconstruction 362:North Carolina 322:South Carolina 278: 275: 211:South Carolina 207:North Carolina 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 86:States' rights 78:Segregationism 75: 69: 68: 63: 59: 58: 53: 49: 48: 43: 39: 38: 34: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16931: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16864: 16856: 16854: 16846: 16844: 16836: 16835: 16832: 16826: 16825:Upper Midwest 16823: 16821: 16818: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16790: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16772: 16769: 16768: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16746:Intermountain 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16713: 16711: 16707: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16666: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16657: 16655: 16651: 16641: 16638: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16625: 16624: 16621: 16617: 16616:Border states 16614: 16613: 16612: 16609: 16608: 16606: 16604: 16600: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16548:Oregon Treaty 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16486: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16452: 16450: 16448: 16444: 16436: 16433: 16432: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16392: 16390: 16388: 16387:Physiographic 16384: 16381: 16379: 16375: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16299: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16277: 16276: 16273: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16260: 16259: 16256: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16243: 16242: 16239: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16226: 16225: 16222: 16221: 16219: 16217: 16213: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16163: 16161: 16159: 16155: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16128: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16113: 16111: 16107: 16104: 16100: 16096: 16089: 16084: 16082: 16077: 16075: 16070: 16069: 16066: 16059: 16055: 16052: 16051: 16046: 16043: 16039: 16036: 16032: 16029: 16025: 16022: 16018: 16017: 15997: 15993: 15987: 15979: 15973: 15958: 15952: 15937: 15931: 15916: 15912: 15905: 15890: 15886: 15880: 15873: 15869: 15865: 15859: 15843: 15836: 15834: 15825: 15821: 15814: 15806: 15800: 15785: 15781: 15774: 15758: 15752: 15744: 15740: 15734: 15719: 15715: 15709: 15694: 15690: 15684: 15669: 15668: 15663: 15657: 15650: 15646: 15641: 15639: 15631: 15627: 15621: 15602: 15598: 15591: 15585: 15570: 15566: 15559: 15544: 15540: 15534: 15532: 15530: 15513: 15506: 15500: 15484: 15477: 15471: 15455: 15448: 15442: 15431: 15427: 15421: 15413: 15407: 15403: 15399: 15392: 15384: 15380: 15376: 15369: 15358:September 25, 15353: 15349: 15343: 15336: 15331: 15323: 15319: 15312: 15296: 15292: 15288: 15281: 15266: 15262: 15255: 15240: 15234: 15226: 15225: 15217: 15209: 15203: 15199: 15192: 15184: 15182:1-57230-048-5 15178: 15174: 15167: 15159: 15157:0-7425-0019-5 15153: 15149: 15145: 15144: 15136: 15128: 15126:0-8018-6567-0 15122: 15118: 15111: 15104: 15098: 15087:September 22, 15083: 15079: 15072: 15056: 15055: 15050: 15044: 15036: 15032: 15028: 15024: 15020: 15016: 15012: 15008: 15001: 14994: 14989: 14974: 14970: 14964: 14956: 14950: 14946: 14945: 14937: 14922: 14916: 14908: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14893: 14888: 14884: 14878: 14870: 14866: 14859: 14851: 14845: 14841: 14837: 14836: 14831: 14827: 14821: 14813: 14809: 14805: 14801: 14800:Hart, Jeffrey 14795: 14787: 14783: 14776: 14769: 14765: 14762:Ted Van Dyk. 14759: 14752: 14748: 14743: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14720: 14702: 14698: 14691: 14677: 14673: 14669: 14665: 14659: 14651: 14647: 14643: 14639: 14635: 14631: 14624: 14618: 14614: 14611: 14607: 14604: 14598: 14589: 14584: 14580: 14576: 14572: 14565: 14557: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14541: 14537: 14536:Social Forces 14530: 14522: 14516: 14512: 14511: 14503: 14495: 14489: 14485: 14484: 14476: 14469: 14464: 14460: 14456: 14452: 14448: 14444: 14440: 14436: 14429: 14418: 14414: 14410: 14407:(3): 672–88. 14406: 14402: 14395: 14391: 14387: 14381: 14362: 14358: 14351: 14345: 14330: 14326: 14319: 14311: 14305: 14301: 14300: 14292: 14290: 14288: 14279: 14272: 14270: 14253: 14249: 14243: 14235: 14228: 14221: 14205: 14201: 14194: 14186: 14180: 14173: 14168: 14164: 14160: 14156: 14152: 14148: 14144: 14140: 14133: 14131: 14123: 14119: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14103: 14099: 14095: 14091: 14084: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14060: 14055: 14048: 14033: 14029: 14025: 14018: 14016: 14008: 14002: 13995: 13990: 13986: 13982: 13978: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13958: 13954: 13947: 13940: 13927: 13923: 13921:9780674012486 13917: 13913: 13912: 13904: 13885: 13881: 13877: 13873: 13872: 13864: 13858: 13839: 13835: 13831: 13827: 13826: 13818: 13812: 13793: 13789: 13785: 13781: 13780: 13772: 13766: 13755:September 24, 13750: 13746: 13740: 13733: 13728: 13713: 13707: 13699: 13693: 13689: 13688: 13680: 13665: 13661: 13655: 13647: 13640: 13632: 13628: 13624: 13620: 13616: 13612: 13611:Social Forces 13605: 13590: 13586: 13579: 13564: 13558: 13551: 13545: 13530: 13526: 13520: 13512: 13508: 13507: 13502: 13495: 13487: 13483: 13479: 13472: 13461:September 17, 13456: 13452: 13448: 13442: 13435: 13429: 13427: 13419: 13413: 13406: 13400: 13393: 13389: 13383: 13376: 13372: 13367: 13352: 13350:9780804716963 13346: 13342: 13341: 13334: 13326: 13320: 13316: 13309: 13301: 13297: 13291: 13285: 13282: 13276: 13268: 13261: 13246: 13240: 13232: 13225: 13210: 13204: 13200: 13199: 13191: 13183: 13181:0-226-84530-3 13177: 13173: 13166: 13159: 13153: 13134: 13127: 13123: 13122:Tuck, Stephen 13117: 13115: 13106: 13100: 13094: 13093:9780813176307 13090: 13084: 13078: 13077:9780813121505 13074: 13070: 13064: 13057: 13051: 13045:(1950), p. 96 13044: 13038: 13031: 13025: 13019: 13015: 13011: 13007: 13002: 12987: 12983: 12976: 12974: 12966: 12960: 12953: 12947: 12940: 12934: 12927: 12921: 12914: 12908: 12901: 12898:Foner, Eric, 12895: 12877: 12870: 12864: 12857: 12851: 12844: 12838: 12831: 12825: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12805: 12798: 12794: 12790: 12784: 12776: 12770: 12766: 12762: 12755: 12748: 12744: 12741: 12735: 12728: 12722: 12715: 12709: 12702: 12696: 12688: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12667: 12656: 12650: 12644: 12643:9780691005782 12640: 12636: 12633:Debo, Angie; 12630: 12623: 12617: 12611: 12607: 12603: 12597: 12582: 12581: 12576: 12569: 12554: 12548: 12542: 12538: 12535: 12531: 12525: 12518: 12517:Social Forces 12512: 12505: 12500: 12493: 12487: 12471: 12467: 12461: 12454: 12448: 12441: 12435: 12427: 12425:9780813164045 12421: 12417: 12416: 12408: 12401: 12395: 12393: 12384: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12363: 12356: 12350: 12342: 12340:9780762763788 12336: 12332: 12331: 12323: 12316:(3): 210–229. 12315: 12311: 12304: 12289: 12287:9780804716963 12283: 12279: 12278: 12271: 12256: 12250: 12246: 12245: 12237: 12222: 12216: 12212: 12211: 12203: 12195: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12177: 12173: 12166: 12158: 12151: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12130: 12128: 12120: 12115: 12107: 12106: 12098: 12096: 12088: 12084: 12078: 12076: 12068: 12064: 12060: 12056: 12055:John N. Pharr 12052: 12047: 12039: 12038: 12030: 12024: 12020: 12014: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11991: 11984: 11978: 11971: 11965: 11958: 11954: 11949: 11941: 11939:9780226845272 11935: 11931: 11930: 11922: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11908: 11902: 11895: 11889: 11882: 11876: 11869: 11863: 11855: 11854: 11846: 11831: 11827: 11821: 11812: 11806: 11802: 11801: 11793: 11779: 11773: 11759: 11753: 11738: 11732: 11717: 11713: 11707: 11692: 11686: 11679: 11673: 11666: 11663:Foner, Eric, 11660: 11652: 11646: 11642: 11641: 11633: 11618: 11614: 11608: 11593: 11589: 11582: 11567: 11563: 11556: 11554: 11546: 11533: 11532:The Economist 11529: 11523: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11509: 11503: 11492: 11486: 11479: 11473: 11466: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11418: 11411: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11379: 11377: 11372: 11356: 11347: 11338: 11329: 11320: 11311: 11302: 11293: 11284: 11275: 11273: 11263: 11254: 11245: 11236: 11228: 11223: 11214: 11205: 11196: 11187: 11178: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11155: 11146: 11136: 11126: 11117: 11108: 11099: 11090: 11081: 11079: 11077: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11061: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11047: 11043: 11038: 11029: 11020: 11011: 11002: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10974: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10945: 10938: 10934: 10928: 10921: 10920:Lloyd Bentsen 10915: 10908: 10902: 10893: 10886: 10885:Harry F. Byrd 10880: 10873: 10867: 10860: 10854: 10847: 10841: 10832: 10826: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10788: 10782: 10775: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10762:1950 Censuses 10759: 10755: 10751: 10748: 10742: 10735: 10729: 10725: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10643: 10640: 10637: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10620: 10619: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10603: 10599: 10593: 10587: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10570: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10552:Ralph Northam 10547: 10546: 10542: 10536: 10530: 10524: 10518: 10517: 10513: 10507: 10501: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10473: 10467: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10440: 10434: 10428: 10422: 10416: 10410: 10404: 10398: 10397: 10393: 10392:Bob McDonnell 10387: 10386: 10382: 10376: 10375: 10371: 10365: 10364:Steve Beshear 10359: 10358: 10354: 10348: 10347:Charlie Crist 10342: 10336: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10309: 10308:Haley Barbour 10303: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10286: 10285:Phil Bredesen 10280: 10274: 10268: 10262: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10245: 10239: 10238: 10234: 10228: 10222: 10216: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10204: 10200: 10194: 10188: 10182: 10181:Don Siegelman 10176: 10175: 10171: 10165: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10153:Mike Huckabee 10148: 10147: 10143: 10137: 10131: 10130: 10126: 10120: 10119:Don Sundquist 10114: 10113:David Beasley 10108: 10107:Frank Keating 10102: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10068: 10062: 10061: 10054: 10053: 10049: 10043: 10042:Edwin Edwards 10037: 10031: 10030: 10026: 10020: 10019:David Walters 10014: 10008: 10007:Lawton Chiles 10002: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9975: 9969: 9963: 9957: 9956: 9952: 9951:Bill Clements 9946: 9945:Ned McWherter 9940: 9934: 9933:Henry Bellmon 9928: 9922: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9899: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9877: 9871: 9870:Edwin Edwards 9865: 9859: 9858: 9854: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9807: 9803: 9797: 9791: 9785: 9784: 9780: 9779:Bill Clements 9774: 9768: 9767:Richard Riley 9762: 9756: 9750: 9744: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9710: 9704: 9703: 9699: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9676: 9670: 9664: 9663:George Busbee 9658: 9652: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9636: 9635:Dolph Briscoe 9630: 9624: 9623: 9619: 9613: 9612:Edwin Edwards 9607: 9601: 9600: 9596: 9595:Winfield Dunn 9590: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9549: 9543: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9531:Preston Smith 9526: 9520: 9519:Marvin Mandel 9514: 9513: 9512:Albert Brewer 9506: 9505: 9501: 9495: 9494:Louie B. Nunn 9489: 9488: 9484: 9478: 9472: 9466: 9465:Lester Maddox 9460: 9454: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9431: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9415: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9375: 9374:John Connally 9369: 9363: 9362:Henry Bellmon 9357: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9322:Terry Sanford 9317: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9300: 9294: 9293:Bert T. Combs 9288: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9220: 9214: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9185: 9184:LeRoy Collins 9179: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9162: 9156: 9155:Luther Hodges 9150: 9149: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9131: 9125: 9119: 9116: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9101:Hugh L. White 9096: 9090: 9089: 9085: 9079: 9073: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9039: 9038:Allan Shivers 9033: 9027: 9026:W. Kerr Scott 9021: 9015: 9014:Fuller Warren 9009: 9003: 9002: 8998: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8981: 8975: 8974:Roy J. Turner 8969: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8929: 8923: 8917: 8911: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8894: 8888: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8871: 8865: 8864: 8857: 8851: 8845: 8844: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8808: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8762: 8756: 8750: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8721:Homer A. Holt 8716: 8710: 8709:Clyde R. Hoey 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8682: 8681:Hugh L. White 8676: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8607: 8601: 8595: 8589: 8583: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8566: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8508: 8507: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8460: 8454: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8437: 8431: 8425: 8424: 8417: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8393:Harry F. Byrd 8388: 8387: 8380: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8340: 8339: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8252: 8246: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8217: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8194: 8193:A. H. Roberts 8188: 8182: 8181: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8111: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8011:Park Trammell 8003: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7986: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7962:Ben W. Hooper 7957: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7844:M. Hoke Smith 7836: 7830: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7800: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7706: 7700: 7694: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7663: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7506: 7500: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7465: 7464:John Y. Brown 7459: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7413: 7408: 7406: 7401: 7400: 7397:Governors of 7392: 7391:John M. Stone 7386: 7385: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7295: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7244: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7175:Alvin Hawkins 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7092: 7086: 7085:Rufus W. Cobb 7080: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7044: 7038: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7020:John M. Stone 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6968:West Virginia 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6886: 6883: 6873: 6863: 6853: 6843: 6833: 6824: 6822: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6786: 6785:West Virginia 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6542: 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2963: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2783:West Virginia 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2498:, Republican 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433:2008 election 2429: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2401: 2398:, Republican 2397: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2373:2004 election 2370: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2340:New Hampshire 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322:In his close 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2301:Massachusetts 2298: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2219: 2214: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2095:West Virginia 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2056: 2051: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2035:West Virginia 2032: 2031:1984 election 2028: 2024: 2023:West Virginia 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2003:1976 election 1999: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1972:West Virginia 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1922:) as well as 1921: 1917: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1878:1968 campaign 1875: 1874:1968 election 1868: 1863: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796:Richard Nixon 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1698: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1669: 1666:, Republican 1665: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613:1964 election 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1559:Richard Nixon 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1527:1960 election 1523: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1455:1948 election 1452: 1449:and form the 1448: 1444: 1440: 1432: 1427: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1346: 1343:, Republican 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1322:1916 election 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306:1904 election 1302: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1288:1896 election 1281: 1277: 1276:1904 election 1273: 1268: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1180:as governor. 1179: 1173: 1171: 1164: 1160: 1150: 1149:(1943-1947). 1148: 1147:Simeon Willis 1144: 1141:(1919-1923), 1140: 1137:(1907-1911), 1136: 1133:(1895-1899), 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1081: 1079: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1058:John J. Jacob 1055: 1054:border states 1051: 1047: 1046:West Virginia 1040:West Virginia 1037: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 989: 986:, Republican 985: 980: 974:Border states 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 954:, except for 953: 949: 945: 942:(1921-1927), 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 903: 899: 898: 893: 889: 885: 881: 880:Henry Bellmon 877: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 835: 831: 826: 821: 811: 809: 805: 801: 797: 796:white primary 793: 792: 786: 784: 783:South Florida 780: 776: 771: 770:of New York. 769: 766: 762: 761:Ellison Smith 758: 757:Walter George 754: 750: 746: 742: 736: 734: 730: 726: 721: 719: 715: 707: 703: 698: 692:1920s onwards 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 670:56th Congress 666: 664: 660: 659:North Florida 655: 651: 647: 643: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 585:, except for 584: 580: 573: 572:Census Bureau 568: 559: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 536:gold standard 531: 529: 518: 516: 513:U.S. Senator 511: 509: 505: 501: 495: 493: 489: 485: 475: 471: 469: 465: 461: 455: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 417: 412: 410: 405: 400: 398: 397:West Virginia 394: 390: 386: 385:border states 382: 378: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 299: 295: 294:border states 291: 288: 283: 274: 272: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 247:West Virginia 244: 240: 236: 233:, as well as 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 125: 118: 114: 109: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 83: 79: 76: 74: 70: 67: 64: 60: 57: 54: 50: 47: 44: 40: 31: 26: 22: 16820:Southwestern 16807: 16783:Southeastern 16766:Northwestern 16736:Great Plains 16731:Four Corners 16499:Acquisitions 16131:Insular area 16057: 16049: 16041: 16034: 16027: 16020: 15999:. Retrieved 15995: 15986: 15972: 15960:. Retrieved 15951: 15939:. Retrieved 15930: 15918:. Retrieved 15914: 15904: 15892:. Retrieved 15888: 15879: 15871: 15867: 15858: 15846:. Retrieved 15823: 15813: 15799: 15787:. Retrieved 15783: 15773: 15763:November 23, 15761:. Retrieved 15751: 15742: 15733: 15721:. Retrieved 15717: 15708: 15696:. Retrieved 15692: 15683: 15673:December 26, 15671:. Retrieved 15665: 15656: 15629: 15620: 15610:February 14, 15608:. Retrieved 15601:the original 15597:www.ncsl.org 15596: 15584: 15574:December 10, 15572:. Retrieved 15558: 15546:. Retrieved 15542: 15516:. Retrieved 15511: 15499: 15487:. Retrieved 15482: 15470: 15458:. Retrieved 15453: 15441: 15420: 15397: 15391: 15378: 15368: 15356:. Retrieved 15342: 15330: 15321: 15311: 15299:. Retrieved 15290: 15280: 15268:. Retrieved 15264: 15254: 15242:. Retrieved 15233: 15223: 15216: 15197: 15191: 15172: 15166: 15142: 15135: 15116: 15110: 15102: 15097: 15085:. Retrieved 15081: 15071: 15059:. 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Cone 8675:James A. 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Cyr 10933:John Kasich 10754:Mississippi 10642:Jeff Landry 10598:Tate Reeves 10575:Kevin Stitt 10541:Jim Justice 10495:Greg Abbott 10489:Larry Hogan 10461:Pat McCrory 10450:Phil Bryant 10433:Bill Haslam 10427:Nikki Haley 10421:Mary Fallin 10415:Nathan Deal 10319:Joe Manchin 10267:Bob Ehrlich 10244:Mark Warner 10221:Mike Easley 10170:Jim Gilmore 10013:Zell Miller 9915:H. Guy Hunt 9761:George Nigh 9698:Cliff Finch 9687:Ray Blanton 9657:David Pryor 9618:Bill Waller 9471:Spiro Agnew 8640:Bibb Graves 8404:Bibb Graves 8308:Austin Peay 8023:Locke Craig 7891:Edmond Noel 7835:B. B. Comer 7806:John I. Cox 7476:Frank Brown 7316:Thomas Seay 7279:Henry Lloyd 6933:Mississippi 6862:Prohibition 6745:Mississippi 3523:No election 3432:No election 3341:No election 3240:No election 3135:No election 3040:No election 2935:No election 2848:No election 2743:Mississippi 2580:John Barrow 2532:Marco Rubio 2447:as well as 2332:Connecticut 2278:New England 2189:(1995) and 2187:Nathan Deal 2181:(2002) and 2175:Jimmy Hayes 2173:(1995) and 2115:Mississippi 1991:Upper South 1926:and one of 1886:Spiro Agnew 1865:Map of the 1819:ideological 1621:Bill Moyers 1598:Mississippi 1471:Mississippi 1388:Upper South 1380:Prohibition 1374:(who was a 1239:Republican 1098:across the 1091:free silver 1011:Upper South 964:Gerald Ford 828:Republican 706:Confederate 654:Appalachian 624:Pearl River 326:Mississippi 318:Confederacy 298:Confederate 266:Republicans 203:Mississippi 133:Solid South 21:Solid South 16878:Categories 16716:Appalachia 16489:Historical 16280:S Atlantic 16158:Time zones 16116:U.S. state 15624:Dan Balz, 15061:August 14, 14906:0674941306 14849:067400728X 14707:2008-08-02 14681:2021-10-17 14038:2021-12-27 13356:August 12, 13324:0786422173 13251:2018-03-05 12885:2018-08-17 12818:0275989720 12586:August 29, 12559:2013-08-02 12293:August 12, 12193:0786422173 11836:2023-09-19 11783:2012-11-18 11763:2012-11-18 11743:2012-11-18 11722:2012-11-18 11697:2012-11-18 11367:References 10734:Midwestern 10693:Left Coast 10658:Bible Belt 10569:Brian Kemp 10529:Roy Cooper 10506:Matt Bevin 10409:Rick Scott 10341:Mike Beebe 10273:Brad Henry 10227:Rick Perry 10199:Jim Hodges 10193:Roy Barnes 9853:Mark White 9824:Chuck Robb 9796:Dave Treen 9749:Bob Graham 9583:David Hall 9172:Jim Folsom 9008:Sid McMath 8956:Jim Folsom 8646:Harry Nice 8075:Tom C. Rye 7699:Jeff Davis 7499:Elias Carr 6882:Republican 6872:Readjuster 6842:Democratic 4963:Eisenhower 4956:Eisenhower 4949:Eisenhower 4942:Eisenhower 4930:Eisenhower 4918:Eisenhower 4906:Eisenhower 4899:Eisenhower 4887:Eisenhower 4880:Eisenhower 4851:Eisenhower 4844:Eisenhower 4837:Eisenhower 4825:Eisenhower 4813:Eisenhower 4786:Eisenhower 4779:Eisenhower 2613:See also: 2576:Mike Beebe 2548:Joseph Cao 2377:John Kerry 2286:liberalism 2276:, and the 2270:New Jersey 2167:Ralph Hall 2163:Rick Perry 2159:Kent Hance 1995:Deep South 1890:status quo 1676:Deep South 1653:poll taxes 1606:Harry Byrd 1461:, carried 1224:See also: 1210:Harry Nice 1157:See also: 1100:Ohio River 1015:urbanizing 1004:Midwestern 818:See also: 800:poll taxes 612:Deep South 500:poll taxes 488:poor white 458:By 1876, " 437:Red Shirts 277:Background 251:"redeemed" 16628:Old South 16603:Civil War 16435:Tidewater 16303:Courts of 16258:Northeast 16126:Territory 15941:March 18, 15784:Roll Call 15270:April 18, 15265:USA Today 15035:227288247 14926:March 18, 14676:0040-781X 14650:0898-0306 14463:144202527 14258:April 26, 14159:1537-5943 14118:145321253 14110:1541-0986 13989:154860857 13973:0022-3816 13836:: 16478. 13790:: 13900. 13717:March 18, 13568:March 18, 13534:March 18, 13012:, p. 350 12812:; p. 141 12476:March 21, 12176:Jefferson 11460:154860857 11444:0022-3816 11405:0038-4941 11230:governor. 11130:election. 10764:, whilst 10663:Blue wall 10631:Wes Moore 10330:Tim Kaine 10255:Bob Riley 10095:Fob James 9974:Ray Mabus 9737:Fob James 9213:Earl Long 8997:Earl Long 8459:Huey Long 8436:Dan Moody 7956:Lee Cruce 6953:Tennessee 6923:Louisiana 6770:Tennessee 6740:Louisiana 5150:Goldwater 5124:Goldwater 5119:Goldwater 5107:Goldwater 5081:Goldwater 4936:Stevenson 4924:Stevenson 4912:Stevenson 4893:Stevenson 4874:Stevenson 4869:Stevenson 4857:Stevenson 4831:Stevenson 4819:Stevenson 4807:Stevenson 4802:Stevenson 4797:Stevenson 4792:Stevenson 4773:Stevenson 4768:Stevenson 4648:Roosevelt 4641:Roosevelt 4634:Roosevelt 4627:Roosevelt 4620:Roosevelt 4613:Roosevelt 4606:Roosevelt 4599:Roosevelt 4592:Roosevelt 4585:Roosevelt 4578:Roosevelt 4571:Roosevelt 4564:Roosevelt 4557:Roosevelt 4550:Roosevelt 4543:Roosevelt 4529:Roosevelt 4522:Roosevelt 4515:Roosevelt 4508:Roosevelt 4501:Roosevelt 4494:Roosevelt 4487:Roosevelt 4480:Roosevelt 4473:Roosevelt 4466:Roosevelt 4459:Roosevelt 4452:Roosevelt 4445:Roosevelt 4438:Roosevelt 4431:Roosevelt 4424:Roosevelt 4410:Roosevelt 4403:Roosevelt 4396:Roosevelt 4389:Roosevelt 4382:Roosevelt 4375:Roosevelt 4368:Roosevelt 4361:Roosevelt 4354:Roosevelt 4347:Roosevelt 4340:Roosevelt 4333:Roosevelt 4326:Roosevelt 4319:Roosevelt 4312:Roosevelt 4305:Roosevelt 4291:Roosevelt 4284:Roosevelt 4277:Roosevelt 4270:Roosevelt 4263:Roosevelt 4256:Roosevelt 4249:Roosevelt 4242:Roosevelt 4235:Roosevelt 4228:Roosevelt 4221:Roosevelt 4214:Roosevelt 4207:Roosevelt 4195:Roosevelt 4188:Roosevelt 3548:Roosevelt 3513:Roosevelt 3481:Roosevelt 3273:Cleveland 3266:Cleveland 3259:Cleveland 3252:Cleveland 3245:Cleveland 3235:Cleveland 3228:Cleveland 3221:Cleveland 3214:Cleveland 3207:Cleveland 3200:Cleveland 3193:Cleveland 3186:Cleveland 3179:Cleveland 3172:Cleveland 3159:Cleveland 3154:Cleveland 3149:Cleveland 3144:Cleveland 3139:Cleveland 3131:Cleveland 3126:Cleveland 3121:Cleveland 3116:Cleveland 3111:Cleveland 3106:Cleveland 3101:Cleveland 3096:Cleveland 3091:Cleveland 3086:Cleveland 3073:Cleveland 3066:Cleveland 3059:Cleveland 3052:Cleveland 3045:Cleveland 3035:Cleveland 3028:Cleveland 3021:Cleveland 3014:Cleveland 3007:Cleveland 3000:Cleveland 2993:Cleveland 2986:Cleveland 2979:Cleveland 2972:Cleveland 2768:Tennessee 2738:Louisiana 2673:Northeast 2660:of 1994. 2536:Rand Paul 2490:. In the 2473:Joe Biden 2091:Tennessee 2083:Louisiana 1978:. Writer 1936:Tennessee 1794:Although 1483:President 1467:Louisiana 1415:Dust Bowl 1320:. By the 1232:Northeast 1018:Northeast 865:land runs 646:Gillespie 484:Populists 358:Tennessee 342:Louisiana 215:Tennessee 199:Louisiana 66:Redeemers 52:Dissolved 16853:Category 16788:Southern 16771:Cascadia 16761:Northern 16378:Physical 16234:Mountain 16206:Atlantic 16191:Mountain 16166:Chamorro 16001:July 22, 15962:July 23, 15789:June 21, 15743:ABC News 15723:July 22, 15698:July 22, 15548:July 22, 15383:Archived 15352:Archived 15295:Archived 15244:April 8, 14889:(1992). 14832:(2002). 14753:magazine 14734:Archived 14613:Archived 14556:53573849 14455:30031671 14392:(2005). 14390:Sears DO 14204:Archived 14167:12885628 14032:Archived 13926:Archived 13884:Archived 13882:: 5105. 13838:Archived 13792:Archived 13749:Archived 13669:April 4, 12876:Archived 12743:Archived 12537:Archived 12470:Archived 11830:Archived 11597:June 28, 11571:July 30, 10937:Ron Paul 10774:Arkansas 10651:See also 10581:Bill Lee 10523:Kay Ivey 10233:Bob Wise 10187:Jeb Bush 7453:Jim Hogg 6963:Virginia 6943:Oklahoma 6928:Maryland 6918:Kentucky 6903:Arkansas 6809:nominee 6801:nominee 6780:Virginia 6760:Oklahoma 6750:Maryland 6735:Kentucky 6720:Delaware 6715:Arkansas 5281:Humphrey 5269:Humphrey 5236:Humphrey 4728:Thurmond 4704:Thurmond 4699:Thurmond 4661:Thurmond 4067:Coolidge 4030:Coolidge 4013:Coolidge 3996:Coolidge 3457:McKinley 3422:McKinley 3390:McKinley 3366:McKinley 3331:McKinley 3314:McKinley 3297:McKinley 2778:Virginia 2758:Oklahoma 2748:Maryland 2733:Kentucky 2718:Delaware 2713:Arkansas 2637:Virginia 2609:Virginia 2441:Virginia 2313:Delaware 2309:Maryland 2274:New York 2179:Kay Ivey 2161:(1985), 2139:Bob Dole 2135:Oklahoma 2131:Virginia 2107:Delaware 2103:Maryland 2099:Missouri 2087:Kentucky 2079:Arkansas 2027:Maryland 2011:Virginia 1976:Maryland 1964:Delaware 1960:Missouri 1956:Kentucky 1952:Oklahoma 1932:Virginia 1924:Arkansas 1835:socially 1831:fiscally 1411:New Deal 1396:Arkansas 1372:Al Smith 1220:Delaware 1194:Governor 1153:Maryland 1084:Kentucky 1000:Missouri 912:poll tax 902:Oklahoma 841:Oklahoma 814:Oklahoma 794:against 729:Al Smith 601:argues: 591:Al Smith 549:through 543:Jim Crow 460:Redeemer 391:and the 381:Kentucky 377:Delaware 373:Missouri 369:Maryland 354:Arkansas 350:Virginia 271:Virginia 243:Delaware 239:Maryland 235:Kentucky 229:, which 227:Oklahoma 223:Virginia 187:Arkansas 73:Ideology 16863:Commons 16726:Eastern 16721:Central 16653:Divided 16447:Coastal 16305:appeals 16241:Midwest 16229:Pacific 16201:Eastern 16196:Central 16186:Pacific 15920:24 July 14073:May 21, 13981:2131041 13932:June 9, 13631:2573630 13480:(ed.). 13436:(2001). 12991:24 July 12610:1838335 11480:(1992). 11452:2131041 10770:Alabama 6913:Georgia 6908:Florida 6898:Alabama 6730:Georgia 6725:Florida 6710:Alabama 6598:Clinton 6558:Clinton 6518:Clinton 6069:Clinton 6052:Clinton 6030:Clinton 6018:Clinton 6011:Clinton 5999:Clinton 5992:Clinton 5985:Clinton 5966:Clinton 5949:Clinton 5927:Clinton 5915:Clinton 5908:Clinton 5901:Clinton 5889:Clinton 5882:Clinton 5864:Dukakis 5231:Wallace 5226:Wallace 5214:Wallace 5195:Wallace 5190:Wallace 5177:Johnson 5170:Johnson 5163:Johnson 5156:Johnson 5144:Johnson 5137:Johnson 5130:Johnson 5113:Johnson 5101:Johnson 5094:Johnson 5087:Johnson 5068:Kennedy 5056:Kennedy 5044:Kennedy 5032:Kennedy 5025:Kennedy 5013:Kennedy 5001:Kennedy 4989:Kennedy 4982:Kennedy 3972:Harding 3955:Harding 3943:Harding 3931:Harding 3899:Harding 2959:Hancock 2954:Hancock 2949:Hancock 2944:Hancock 2939:Hancock 2931:Hancock 2926:Hancock 2921:Hancock 2916:Hancock 2911:Hancock 2906:Hancock 2901:Hancock 2896:Hancock 2891:Hancock 2886:Hancock 2728:Georgia 2723:Florida 2708:Alabama 2645:Florida 2449:Florida 2431:In the 2394:In the 2336:Vermont 2200:in the 2143:Florida 2119:Alabama 2075:Al Gore 2061:In the 2019:Georgia 2001:In the 1948:Florida 1920:Arizona 1872:In the 1829:, both 1662:In the 1629:Arizona 1594:Alabama 1525:In the 1463:Alabama 1429:In the 1400:Alabama 1354:In the 1304:In the 1274:in the 1096:Midwest 1022:Midwest 982:In the 966:in the 958:in his 779:Central 723:In the 700:In the 650:Kendall 610:In the 528:Potomac 443:History 338:Georgia 334:Alabama 330:Florida 195:Georgia 191:Florida 183:Alabama 139:in the 111:In the 42:Founded 16813:Upland 16455:Arctic 16216:Census 16181:Alaska 15844:. WTOP 15408: 15204: 15179: 15154: 15123: 15033: 15027:419496 15025: 14951: 14903: 14846: 14812:C-SPAN 14770:, 2008 14674: 14648: 14610:online 14554: 14517: 14490: 14461: 14453: 14306: 14165: 14157: 14116: 14108: 14028:Gallup 13987: 13979: 13971: 13918: 13832:(12). 13786:(10). 13694: 13648:: 586. 13629: 13377:(1979) 13347: 13321: 13205: 13178: 13091: 13075: 13016: 12832:(2004) 12816: 12771: 12683: 12641: 12624:(2006) 12608: 12534:online 12422: 12379: 12337: 12284: 12251: 12226:28 May 12217: 12190: 12023:online 11936: 11883:(1998) 11807: 11647: 11458: 11450: 11442: 11403: 10949:right. 10752:cause 10543:(D/R) 10349:(R/I) 9970:(D/R) 6880: 6878: 6875:(RA), 6870: 6868: 6860: 6858: 6855:(FA), 6850: 6848: 6840: 6838: 6492:Romney 6480:Romney 6475:Romney 6470:Romney 6465:Romney 6460:Romney 6448:Romney 6443:Romney 6438:Romney 6433:Romney 6414:Romney 6409:Romney 6397:McCain 6385:McCain 6380:McCain 6375:McCain 6370:McCain 6351:McCain 6346:McCain 6341:McCain 6336:McCain 6317:McCain 6312:McCain 5746:Reagan 5739:Reagan 5732:Reagan 5725:Reagan 5718:Reagan 5711:Reagan 5704:Reagan 5697:Reagan 5690:Reagan 5683:Reagan 5676:Reagan 5669:Reagan 5662:Reagan 5655:Reagan 5648:Reagan 5641:Reagan 5628:Carter 5622:Reagan 5615:Reagan 5608:Reagan 5601:Reagan 5594:Reagan 5587:Reagan 5581:Carter 5575:Reagan 5568:Reagan 5561:Reagan 5555:Carter 5549:Reagan 5542:Reagan 5535:Reagan 5528:Reagan 5514:Carter 5502:Carter 5495:Carter 5488:Carter 5476:Carter 5469:Carter 5462:Carter 5455:Carter 5448:Carter 5441:Carter 5434:Carter 5427:Carter 5420:Carter 5413:Carter 4755:Truman 4748:Truman 4741:Truman 4734:Truman 4722:Truman 4715:Truman 4693:Truman 4686:Truman 4679:Truman 4667:Truman 4201:Hoover 4174:Hoover 4167:Hoover 4160:Hoover 4153:Hoover 4141:Hoover 4134:Hoover 4127:Hoover 4110:Hoover 4098:Hoover 4091:Hoover 3876:Hughes 3870:Wilson 3863:Wilson 3856:Wilson 3849:Wilson 3842:Wilson 3835:Wilson 3828:Wilson 3821:Wilson 3814:Wilson 3807:Wilson 3800:Wilson 3793:Wilson 3787:Hughes 3781:Wilson 3774:Wilson 3760:Wilson 3753:Wilson 3746:Wilson 3739:Wilson 3732:Wilson 3725:Wilson 3718:Wilson 3711:Wilson 3704:Wilson 3697:Wilson 3690:Wilson 3683:Wilson 3676:Wilson 3669:Wilson 3662:Wilson 3655:Wilson 3542:Parker 3537:Parker 3532:Parker 3527:Parker 3519:Parker 3507:Parker 3502:Parker 3497:Parker 3492:Parker 3487:Parker 3475:Parker 3470:Parker 2874:Tilden 2869:Tilden 2864:Tilden 2859:Tilden 2844:Tilden 2839:Tilden 2834:Tilden 2822:Tilden 2817:Tilden 2805:Tilden 2800:Tilden 2795:Tilden 2342:, and 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2218:Gallup 2149:still 2133:, and 2105:, and 2025:, and 1962:, and 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1715:poll: 1713:Gallup 1543:sit-in 1479:upsets 936:Kansas 878:until 632:George 606:South. 553:. The 492:bosses 379:, and 360:, and 221:, and 23:, see 16808:Solid 16709:Other 16633:Dixie 16611:Union 16275:South 16171:Samoa 16109:Units 15604:(PDF) 15593:(PDF) 15508:(PDF) 15479:(PDF) 15450:(PDF) 15433:(PDF) 15379:Slate 15301:9 May 15031:S2CID 15023:JSTOR 14730:Slate 14552:S2CID 14459:S2CID 14451:JSTOR 14420:(PDF) 14397:(PDF) 14364:(PDF) 14353:(PDF) 14329:Salon 14230:(PDF) 14163:S2CID 14114:S2CID 13985:S2CID 13977:JSTOR 13887:(PDF) 13878:(4). 13866:(PDF) 13841:(PDF) 13820:(PDF) 13795:(PDF) 13774:(PDF) 13627:JSTOR 13136:(PDF) 13129:(PDF) 12879:(PDF) 12872:(PDF) 12658:(PDF) 12606:JSTOR 11494:(PDF) 11456:S2CID 11448:JSTOR 10720:Notes 10638:2024 10621:2023 10610:2022 10605:2021 10588:2020 10559:2019 10548:2018 10525:(R) 10519:2017 10502:2016 10479:2015 10468:2014 10457:2013 10446:2012 10405:(R) 10399:2011 10388:2010 10377:2009 10360:2008 10337:2007 10326:2006 10315:2005 10292:2004 10251:2003 10240:2002 10217:2001 10206:2000 10177:1999 10166:1998 10149:1997 10132:1996 10091:1995 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