568:, which had become dominated by communists, reportedly maintained the allegiance of most party members not only in Old Romania (where the movement had traditionally been more to the left), but also in Transylvania and Banat. The last meeting of the Cluj Provisional Committee took place on May 5, when it dissolved itself, relinquishing the power over the Transylvanian sections in favour of the upcoming Congress. As was the case all over the country, most Congress delegations elected by the local sections in Tranyslvania and Banat were dominated by communists. The Congress began in Bucharest on May 8, 1921. One of the main issues was again the affiliation to the Third International. A hot point of the debate was the official letter from the Comintern, considered unfair and overly critical, with many of the speakers contesting some of its accusations. On the evening of May 11, the majority of the delegates however decided for unconditional affiliation to the Communist International (428 mandates, as opposed to 111 mandates supporting the conditional affiliation proposed by the unitary socialists). The following day the Congress adopted the transformation of the party into the
467:
maintain the unity of the movement, requested new discussions on the issue of the affiliation, and equal representation of each faction in a provisional executive committee. The communist motion received most votes (18, as opposed to 8 for the social-democrats and 12 for the unitary socialists), and a further attempt to reconcile the faction coming from the unitary socialists was rejected by the others. The eight social-democratic representatives, which included delegates from all the regional parties, declared themselves outside of the party, and constituted a
395:, which began on October 20, and engulfed enterprises across Romania. The government cracked down on the workers' movement, closed or devastated the local headquarters of the socialist organizations, and arrested many party and trade union leaders. A provisional committee of the socialist parties, gathering the leaders still at large, decided to suspend the strike on October 28, however some of the workers continued their protest until the first days of November.
1142:
234:. The party also actively sought the cooperation of the socialist parties active in other regions of Romania, working towards a unified political party of the working class. Such plans were however soon thwarted by repression from the part of the Romanian authorities, as well as disagreements both inside the party and among the different socialist formations of Romania. The disagreements were further aggravated by the request of the
386:
of army units, militarisation of factories, official censorship. and even armed confrontation) left the working class increasingly disgruntled. The problem of formal unification of the socialist parties and trade unions was thus further postponed, in order to concentrate on the new issue. The
October 10ā11 meeting of the
385:
In reaction to the numerous labour conflicts across
Romania during the summer of 1920, the government adopted in September a new labour law, which severely curtailed the power of the trade unions. At the same time, the heavy-handed response of the authorities to the strikes (which included deployment
377:
during August 15ā17, reaffirmed its support for an unified party and relinquished its independence, declaring it would abide by the programme and statute to be decided by the country-wide socialist
Congress. A similar resolution was adopted by the Congress of the socialist movement of Banat, held in
331:
of the socialist parties and trade unions was held in 1920, between
January 31 and February 2, and reunited 47 delegates, including 8 from Transylvania, and 2 from Bukovina. Besides tactics and means of unification, one of the major subjects of the discussion was the international affiliation of the
390:
decided to send a delegation to the government in order to demand recognition of workers' rights, cessation of government intervention in the internal matters of the trade unions, and suspension of the new labour legislation until further negotiations. As the government refused any discussion, the
348:
in outlook, had already requested affiliation to the later in June 1919, however the other sections had yet to come to a decision. During the following months the communist ideas gained traction, and, after the
Bucharest section adopted a motion that supported affiliation to the Third, many local
466:
took place between
January 30 and February 3, 1921. While the communists requested the rapid convocation of a Congress and affiliation to the Comintern, FlueraÅ requested the exclusion of all communist delegates from the central committees. A third faction, the "unitary socialists", sought to
319:
in order to coordinate the actions of the socialist parties and groups across all the territories of post-war
Romania, and entrusted it with organising a Congress for unifying the socialist movement. The council included representatives from all existing socialist parties, with the eight
373:. The Congress tasked with the unification of the movement, initially set for April, was postponed twice, as the dispute regarding international dragged on. In the meantime, a regional Congress of the Socialist Party of Transylvania and Banat was held in
572:. In the evening of the same day, the police and army intervened in the Congress and arrested all delegates that had supported unconditional affiliation to the Third International, under the accusation of "plot against state security".
365:, the council also resolved for some Transylvanian candidates to run in constituencies inside Old Romania, with some representatives from the latter running instead in Transylvania. Consequently, 21 socialists were elected in the
361:, held in April 1920, decided to officially announce it no longer considered the socialist movement in Romania to be bound to the Second International. As a sign of unity, in the context of the
1640:
506:
501:
in
February 1921. Furthermore, ten of the socialist deputies and all the three senators in the Romanian Parliament constituted a distinct parliamentary group in March. During a Congress in
451:
446:. Six conditions were further imposed on the socialist delegation, among others making affiliation to the Third International conditional upon the exclusion from the party of FlueraČ,
1010:
Liveanu, V. (1962). "Date privind pregÄtirea Či desfÄČurarea
Congresului I al Partidului Comunist din RomƮnia". In Institutul de Istorie (Academia Republicii Populare RomƮne) (ed.).
285:
on
January 19ā20, 1919, which decided on the creation of an independent party. In May 1919 the party, along with the socialists active in the pre-war territories of Romania (the
560:, condemned the decision of the social-democratic faction (which included an important part of the Transylvanian delegates in the council), and, on February 12, constituted the
1948:
1858:
525:, constituted from most of the unitary socialists in Old Romania that did not agree to the unconditional affiliation to the Third International of the original party.
1488:
17:
483:
The Transylvanian sections that remained under the control of the social-democratic leaders dismissed the decisions of the August 1920 Congress and reorganised the
528:
In early 1922, the Transylvanian party had an estimated 2,000 members. In 1927 the Federation of Socialist Parties and its constituent parties merged into a new
1943:
1822:
1123:
521:
programme and affiliating to the Two-and-half International. The Federation was joined during the Bucharest Conference of 27ā28 August by the reorganised
1207:
1645:
2203:
1837:
1202:
1625:
1620:
1172:
1101:
494:
259:
93:
250:. While the former decided to retire from unification talks and re-establish an independent Transyvanian party, the latter joined the majority of
1212:
258:
in May 1921. The social-democratic faction would late join the PSR members that disagreed with the new orientation of their party, founding the
2208:
1792:
1650:
2198:
2070:
1746:
1453:
1187:
1177:
529:
510:
2162:
1938:
1863:
1509:
1227:
2193:
1483:
2009:
1999:
1716:
1635:
1544:
1539:
1116:
2188:
1873:
1726:
1182:
324:
formally merged into the Socialist Party of Transylvania and Banat, retaining nevertheless much of its organisational autonomy.
2105:
2075:
1963:
1868:
1721:
1610:
1468:
1412:
1247:
1192:
1478:
1473:
307:
in the Old Kingdom. Such moves were reciprocated by the latter, which, during its October 1919 Extraordinary Congress held in
1888:
1162:
1711:
1534:
1167:
1132:
162:
143:
2095:
1660:
1630:
1580:
1524:
1318:
1197:
1109:
1883:
1832:
1675:
1595:
1297:
1157:
278:
274:
199:
72:
414:
and to discuss the terms of the affiliation to the Third International. After meeting with veteran Romanian socialist
2130:
2125:
1923:
1812:
1267:
1092:
1062:
1041:
1000:
398:
In the meantime, a delegation of Romanian socialist, which included two representatives from Transylvania and Banat (
1131:
2019:
2014:
1994:
1989:
1776:
1680:
1417:
1237:
1575:
1373:
320:
Transylvanian delegates being elected during a conference held in Sibiu in December. During the same month, the
2120:
2065:
1984:
1706:
1232:
984:. Bucharest: Editura enciclopedicÄ romĆ¢nÄ, National Commission of the Socialist Republic of Romania for UNESCO.
362:
2024:
1893:
1514:
1432:
1282:
1277:
1272:
366:
1463:
1913:
1771:
1751:
1458:
443:
392:
100:
438:. On Soviet request, FlueraÅ was excluded from the delegation, due to his previous collaboration with the
2040:
1918:
1903:
1898:
1756:
1741:
2090:
2060:
1766:
1665:
1600:
1585:
1529:
1348:
1338:
569:
304:
255:
251:
1908:
1817:
1696:
1655:
1427:
1368:
1358:
1313:
1292:
1287:
1252:
1222:
230:, the latter, while maintaining close links with the Transylvania party, constituted themselves as a
1958:
1827:
1807:
1615:
1605:
1422:
82:
2100:
1736:
1549:
439:
239:
2115:
1968:
1933:
1928:
1878:
1797:
1554:
1333:
1031:
2085:
2080:
2055:
1590:
1570:
1378:
1353:
1328:
1323:
1082:
1054:
PoliticÄ Či viaČÄ cotidianÄ Ć®n RomĆ¢nia: Ć®n secolul al XX-lea Či Ć®nceputul celui de-al XXI-lea
1052:
489:
435:
321:
231:
2135:
2050:
2004:
1761:
1731:
1701:
1437:
349:
section followed suit, mostly in Old Romania, but also in Transylvania and Banat (e.g. the
333:
167:
148:
105:
462:
After the Romanian socialist delegation returned from Soviet Russia, a new meeting of the
8:
2167:
337:
235:
157:
138:
410:
in early October, in order to examine the political and social evolutions following the
242:
be excluded from the merger, and eventually resulted in the split between the reformist
1257:
1217:
415:
411:
215:
2110:
1242:
1088:
1058:
1037:
996:
487:, while similar steps were taken by the sections in Banat, which re-constituted the
295:, adopted a common electoral programme. On September 6, 1919, a party conference in
2045:
553:
427:
370:
243:
120:
2157:
1020:
990:
979:
971:
MiČcarea muncitoreascÄ din RomĆ¢nia. 1916-1921. FÄurirea Partidului Comunist RomĆ¢n
841:
839:
649:
183:
1363:
403:
1842:
1262:
211:
207:
935:
923:
836:
800:
776:
764:
752:
728:
716:
692:
2182:
1953:
1084:
RumƤniendeutsche?: Diskurse zur GruppenidentitƤt einer Minderheit (1944-1971)
680:
668:
629:
541:
447:
407:
311:, decided to include four representatives from Transylvania and Banat in its
1383:
399:
271:
191:
112:
947:
911:
899:
812:
788:
740:
704:
540:
In Transylvania and Banat, several sections - including the ones in Cluj,
379:
354:
1504:
1343:
374:
350:
287:
265:
219:
502:
1802:
247:
1014:. Vol. 2. BucureČti: Editura Academia Republicii Populare RomĆ®ne.
518:
345:
341:
203:
195:
128:
124:
109:
545:
450:
and other Transylvanian social-democrats which had been part of the
2140:
431:
292:
1519:
1141:
1136:
969:
CuČnir-Mihailovici, Clara; Dragne, Florea; Unc, Gheorghe (1982).
562:
Provisional Transylvanian Council of the Romanian Socialist Party
493:. Each party sent one delegate to the founding conference of the
187:
308:
549:
498:
423:
419:
824:
471:, while the communists and unitary socialist continued in the
296:
282:
238:
that the leaders of the party that had collaborated with the
227:
1025:. BucureČti: Editura Academiei Republici Socialiste RomĆ¢nia.
617:
581:
968:
953:
941:
929:
917:
905:
863:
845:
818:
806:
794:
782:
770:
758:
746:
734:
722:
710:
698:
686:
674:
635:
593:
851:
1033:
Socialists and International Actions for Peace 1914-1923
647:
Societatea de ČtiinČe Istorice Či Filologice din R.P.R.
277:, the greater part of the ethnic Romanian branch of the
299:
unanimously decided to change the name of the party to
1944:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
1823:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
605:
469:
Provisional Committee of the Romanian Social-Democracy
266:
Attempts at unifying the socialist movement in Romania
656:
505:
on June 19ā21, 1921, the two parties, along with the
1074:
MiČcarea muncitoreascÄ din RomĆ¢nia Ć®n anii 1921-1924
475:, preparing for the long overdue national Congress.
887:
875:
978:Giurescu, Constantin C.; Matei, Horia C. (1972).
224:Social Democratic Party of Transylvania and Banat
222:. Although initially it claimed, under the title
2180:
495:International Working Union of Socialist Parties
1213:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
1029:
830:
226:, the adherence of the MSZDP party sections in
1018:
623:
587:
434:some of the Romanian reservations towards the
1173:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
1117:
977:
599:
315:. Furthermore, the same conference created a
303:, as a step towards the unification with the
2071:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania
1626:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990ā2001)
1621:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927ā1948)
1188:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
1178:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania
992:SiebenbĆ¼rgen zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen
478:
1939:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party
1864:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania
1228:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
1012:Studii Či materiale de istorie contemporanÄ
556:, and TimiČoara - continued to support the
357:section). Ultimately, a new meeting of the
206:and social-democratic groups active in the
1124:
1110:
973:(2 ed.). BucureČti: Editura PoliticÄ.
1030:Nishikawa, Masao; Konrad, Helmut (2010).
954:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
942:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
930:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
918:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
906:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
846:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
819:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
807:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
795:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
783:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
771:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
759:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
747:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
735:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
723:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
711:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
699:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
687:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
675:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
636:CuČnir-Mihailovici, Dragne & Unc 1982
332:unified party: either with a resurrected
301:Socialist Party of Transylvania and Banat
18:Socialist Party of Transylvania and Banat
2204:Political parties disestablished in 1927
1995:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party
1208:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars
1071:
869:
857:
515:Federation of Romanian Socialist Parties
1009:
662:
14:
2181:
2076:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
1203:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs
1193:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
1050:
1019:MuČat, Mircea; Ardeleanu, Ion (1982).
611:
497:(the 'Two-and-half International') in
202:(MSZDP), it gradually attracted other
2209:Political parties established in 1919
1889:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania
1747:National Peasants' PartyāAlexandrescu
1396:
1105:
1080:
988:
893:
881:
2199:Defunct socialist parties in Romania
535:
513:in parts of Old Romania, formed the
2096:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance
1641:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
1631:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
1581:Democratic National Salvation Front
1525:National Democratic Christian Party
1319:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
1248:Renewing Romania's European Project
1022:Political life in Romania 1918-1921
507:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
38:Partidul Socialist din Transilvania
24:
1454:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
279:Social Democratic Party of Hungary
200:Social Democratic Party of Hungary
25:
2220:
2194:1927 disestablishments in Romania
2126:Social Democratic Pole of Romania
1813:National-Christian Defense League
452:Central Romanian National Council
1990:Ecologist Union of Romania Party
1727:Democratic Peasants' PartyāStere
1661:Social Protection People's Party
1651:Social Democratic Workers' Party
1484:National Liberal PartyāTÄtÄrescu
1168:Bulgarian Union of BanatāRomania
1140:
981:Chronological History of Romania
641:
344:socialist section, increasingly
260:Romanian Social Democratic Party
1722:Democratic Peasants' PartyāLupu
1671:Socialist Party of Transylvania
1611:People's Party ā Dan Diaconescu
1479:National Liberal PartyāCĆ¢mpeanu
1474:National Liberal PartyāBrÄtianu
485:Socialist Party of Transylvania
270:In the wake of World War I, as
232:distinct political organization
180:Socialist Party of Transylvania
35:Socialist Party of Transylvania
2189:1919 establishments in Romania
2121:Romanian Democratic Convention
2066:Democratic Group of the Centre
1924:Jewish National People's Party
1545:Progressive Conservative Party
1076:. BucureČti: Editura PoliticÄ.
27:Political party in Hungary
13:
1:
2010:Party of Young Free Democrats
2000:National Reconstruction Party
1894:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
1777:Transylvanian Peasants' Party
1576:Communist Party (NepeceriČti)
1515:Conservative-Democratic Party
1433:Romanian National Unity Party
1273:Social Liberal Humanist Party
1036:. Berlin: Frank & Timme.
962:
650:Studii Či articole de istorie
322:Banat Social Democratic Party
246:and the revolutionary-minded
2020:Republican Party (1990ā1993)
2015:Republican Party (1993ā2004)
1874:Democratic Union of the Roma
1459:Free and Independent Faction
1413:Democratic Nationalist Party
1183:Cultural Union of Ruthenians
7:
2041:Alliance for Romanian Unity
1919:Jewish Democratic Committee
1869:Cultural Union of Albanians
1707:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
1397:
1072:StÄnescu, Marin C. (1971).
831:Nishikawa & Konrad 2010
10:
2225:
2091:Justice and Truth Alliance
2061:Christian Liberal Alliance
1717:Democratic Peasants' Party
1601:Party of Social Solidarity
1586:Democratic Party of Labour
1540:People's Party (2005ā2006)
1530:National Renaissance Front
1163:Association of Macedonians
624:MuČat & Ardeleanu 1982
588:MuČat & Ardeleanu 1982
523:Socialist Party of Romania
426:, where it discussed with
422:, the delegation left for
256:Communist Party of Romania
252:Socialist Party of Romania
2163:List of political parties
2153:
2106:People's Democratic Front
2033:
2025:TransylvaniaāBanat League
1977:
1851:
1818:National Fascist Movement
1785:
1772:Socialist Peasants' Party
1712:Democratic Agrarian Party
1689:
1656:Socialist Party of Labour
1563:
1535:People's Party (1918ā1938
1497:
1446:
1428:National Union from Banat
1405:
1392:
1369:Romanian Nationhood Party
1359:National Rebirth Alliance
1314:Alliance for the Homeland
1306:
1253:Romanian Nationhood Party
1150:
1081:Weber, Annemarie (2010).
600:Giurescu & Matei 1972
570:Socialist-Communist Party
479:Social-democratic faction
442:and participation at the
336:or with the more radical
327:The first meeting of the
134:
99:
89:
78:
68:
60:
52:
44:
32:
1964:Ukrainian Workers' Party
1959:Ukrainian National Party
1904:Hungarian People's Union
1899:Hungarian People's Party
1859:Autonomous Swabian Party
1833:National Socialist Party
1828:National Romanian Fascio
1808:National Christian Party
1742:National Peasants' Party
1636:Romanian Socialist Party
1616:Romanian Communist Party
1596:National Salvation Front
1374:Romanian Socialist Party
1198:Democratic Turkish Union
575:
490:Socialist Party of Banat
457:
382:during September 19ā20.
2131:Social Democratic Union
1767:Radical Peasants' Party
1737:National Agrarian Party
1676:Socialist Workers Party
1646:Social Democratic Party
1550:Romanian National Party
1339:People's Movement Party
1298:Union of the Ukrainians
1268:Social Democratic Party
1158:Association of Italians
653:, Vol 3-5. 1961. p. 349
530:Social Democratic Party
511:Social Democratic Party
440:Romanian National Party
240:Romanian National Party
2116:Right Romania Alliance
2101:National Union PSD+PUR
1969:Union of Romanian Jews
1949:People's Council Party
1798:Crusade of Romanianism
1681:United Socialist Party
1469:National Liberal Party
1464:Liberal UnionāBrÄtianu
1418:Democratic Union Party
1334:Nation People Together
1238:National Liberal Party
989:Kƶnig, Walter (1994).
444:Paris Peace Conference
281:, held a Congress in
214:incorporated into the
190:, active primarily in
2086:Hungarian German Bloc
2081:Green Ecologist Party
2056:Centre Right Alliance
1884:German People's Party
1606:Peasant Workers' Bloc
1571:Banat Socialist Party
1379:The Right Alternative
1354:Greater Romania Party
1324:Greater Romania Party
1051:Scurtu, Ioan (2011).
436:Twenty-one Conditions
363:May general elections
208:Transleithanian lands
2136:Social Liberal Union
2051:Centre Left Alliance
2005:Party of Free Change
1757:Peasants' PartyāLupu
1732:League Against Usury
1702:Agrarian Union Party
1520:Constitutional Party
1438:United Romania Party
517:, adopting a common
509:and a reconstituted
334:Second International
254:(PSR) to create the
106:Democratic socialism
2168:Politics of Romania
1985:Ecological Movement
1233:League of Albanians
944:, pp. 348ā349.
932:, pp. 338ā340.
872:, pp. 138ā141.
848:, pp. 305ā306.
809:, pp. 301ā303.
785:, pp. 293ā295.
773:, pp. 273ā275.
761:, pp. 269ā271.
737:, pp. 249ā253.
725:, pp. 213ā214.
701:, pp. 200ā201.
689:, pp. 199ā200.
677:, pp. 193ā197.
638:, pp. 187ā188.
391:Council called for
367:Chamber of Deputies
338:Third International
313:Executive Committee
275:united with Romania
236:Third International
158:Politics of Romania
139:Politics of Hungary
1510:Conservative Party
1307:Extraparliamentary
1283:Union of Croatians
1278:Union of Armenians
1258:Save Romania Union
1218:Force of the Right
416:Christian Rakovski
412:October Revolution
216:Kingdom of Romania
194:. Born out of the
2176:
2175:
2149:
2148:
2111:Red Quadrilateral
1914:Italian Community
1762:Ploughmen's Front
1555:Vlad ČepeČ League
1243:Party of the Roma
1133:Political parties
860:, pp. 67ā69.
614:, pp. 34ā35.
536:Communist faction
340:(Comintern). The
176:
175:
163:Political parties
144:Political parties
113:minority politics
90:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2216:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1145:
1144:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1087:. Kƶln: Bƶhlau.
1077:
1068:
1047:
1026:
1015:
1006:
995:. Kƶln: Bƶhlau.
985:
974:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
393:a general strike
244:social-democrats
121:Social democracy
79:Merged into
30:
29:
21:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2158:Portal:Politics
2145:
2046:Alliance PSD+PC
2029:
1973:
1909:Hungarian Union
1852:Ethnic minority
1847:
1838:Romanian Action
1781:
1752:Peasants' Party
1697:Agrarian League
1685:
1666:Socialist Party
1559:
1493:
1442:
1401:
1398:
1388:
1349:Ecologist Party
1302:
1146:
1139:
1130:
1095:
1065:
1044:
1003:
965:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
888:
880:
876:
868:
864:
856:
852:
844:
837:
829:
825:
821:, pp. 304.
817:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
781:
777:
769:
765:
757:
753:
745:
741:
733:
729:
721:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
657:
646:
642:
634:
630:
622:
618:
610:
606:
598:
594:
586:
582:
578:
566:General Council
558:General Council
538:
481:
473:General Council
464:General Council
460:
388:General Council
359:General Council
329:General Council
317:General Council
305:Socialist Party
268:
198:section of the
196:ethnic Romanian
184:political party
172:
153:
127:
123:
119:
115:
108:
69:Split from
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1843:Romanian Front
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1423:National Party
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1293:Union of Serbs
1290:
1288:Union of Poles
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:S.O.S. Romania
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:Hellenic Union
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1027:
1016:
1007:
1001:
986:
975:
964:
961:
959:
958:
956:, p. 355.
946:
934:
922:
920:, p. 327.
910:
908:, p. 321.
898:
886:
874:
862:
850:
835:
833:, p. 142.
823:
811:
799:
797:, p. 298.
787:
775:
763:
751:
749:, p. 265.
739:
727:
715:
713:, p. 204.
703:
691:
679:
667:
665:, p. 135.
655:
640:
628:
626:, p. 244.
616:
604:
602:, p. 270.
592:
590:, p. 239.
579:
577:
574:
537:
534:
480:
477:
459:
456:
406:), arrived in
267:
264:
212:Austro-Hungary
174:
173:
171:
170:
165:
160:
154:
152:
151:
146:
141:
135:
132:
131:
103:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
37:
34:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2221:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Swabian Group
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1489:Radical Party
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:Parliamentary
1149:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1096:
1094:9783412205386
1090:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1064:9786068304342
1060:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1043:9783865962966
1039:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1002:9783412093945
998:
994:
993:
987:
983:
982:
976:
972:
967:
966:
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
896:, p. 44.
895:
890:
884:, p. 58.
883:
878:
871:
870:StÄnescu 1971
866:
859:
858:StÄnescu 1971
854:
847:
842:
840:
832:
827:
820:
815:
808:
803:
796:
791:
784:
779:
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
724:
719:
712:
707:
700:
695:
688:
683:
676:
671:
664:
659:
652:
651:
644:
637:
632:
625:
620:
613:
608:
601:
596:
589:
584:
580:
573:
571:
567:
564:in Cluj. The
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
533:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
486:
476:
474:
470:
465:
455:
453:
449:
448:Iosif Jumanca
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:Soviet Russia
405:
401:
396:
394:
389:
383:
381:
376:
372:
369:and 3 in the
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
325:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
276:
273:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
31:
19:
1934:Magyar Party
1929:Jewish Party
1879:German Party
1793:Citizen Bloc
1670:
1498:Conservative
1384:Volt Romania
1364:Noua DreaptÄ
1083:
1073:
1053:
1032:
1021:
1011:
991:
980:
970:
949:
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
826:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
742:
730:
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
663:Liveanu 1962
658:
648:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
565:
561:
557:
539:
527:
522:
514:
488:
484:
482:
472:
468:
463:
461:
404:Ioan FlueraČ
400:Eugen Rozvan
397:
387:
384:
358:
328:
326:
316:
312:
300:
286:
272:Transylvania
269:
223:
192:Transylvania
179:
177:
116:
45:Abbreviation
1591:Labor Party
1505:Civic Force
1406:Nationalist
1344:PRO Romania
1329:Green Party
612:Scurtu 2011
554:TĆ¢rgu MureČ
288:Old Kingdom
220:World War I
2183:Categories
1803:Iron Guard
963:References
894:Kƶnig 1994
882:Weber 2010
248:communists
2034:Alliances
1786:Far-right
1564:Left-wing
519:reformist
380:TimiČoara
355:PetroČeni
346:communist
342:Bucharest
262:in 1927.
204:socialist
168:Elections
149:Elections
129:Communism
125:Socialism
117:Factions:
85:(faction)
61:Dissolved
2141:USR PLUS
1690:Agrarian
503:PloieČti
432:Bukharin
428:Zinoviev
293:Bukovina
110:Romanian
101:Ideology
1447:Liberal
1399:Defunct
1137:Romania
188:Romania
53:Founded
1091:
1061:
1040:
999:
550:Oradea
546:BraČov
499:Vienna
424:Moscow
420:Harkov
371:Senate
351:ReČiČa
291:) and
218:after
182:was a
1978:Other
576:Notes
458:Split
297:Sibiu
283:Sibiu
228:Banat
73:MSZDP
1089:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1038:ISBN
997:ISBN
542:Arad
430:and
402:and
375:Cluj
309:IaČi
178:The
94:PSDR
83:PCdR
64:1927
56:1919
1135:in
418:in
210:of
186:in
48:PST
2185::
1057:.
838:^
552:,
548:,
544:,
532:.
454:.
1125:e
1118:t
1111:v
1097:.
1067:.
1046:.
1005:.
353:-
20:)
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