Communist International

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welding them into a single approved model of Communist organization. Only then did the new parties retreat from broader Left arenas into their own belligerent world, even if many local cultures of broader cooperation persisted. Respect for Bolshevik achievements and defense of the Russian Revolution now transmuted into dependency on Moscow and belief in Soviet infallibility. Depressing cycles of "internal rectification" began, disgracing and expelling successive leaderships, so that by the later 1920s many founding Communists had gone. This process of coordination, in a hard-faced drive for uniformity, was finalized at the next Congress of the Third International in 1928.

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Bulgarian, Yugoslav, British, French, and Swiss Communist Groups; the Dutch Social-Democratic Group; Socialist Propaganda League and the Socialist Labor Party of America; Socialist Workers' Party of China; Korean Workers' Union, Turkestan, Turkish, Georgian, Azerbaijani, and Persian Sections of the Central Bureau of the Eastern Peoples, and the Zimmerwald Commission.

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congress was the 11th thesis which stipulated that all communist parties must support the bourgeois-democratic liberation movements in the colonies. Notably, some of the delegates opposed the idea of an alliance with the bourgeoisie and preferred giving support to communist movements in these countries instead. Their criticism was shared by the Indian revolutionary

5287:

way for the Soviet government to explain its refusal to honour proposals for economic assistance to Poland, which had been made before and at the start of the war, since "it was found impossible to determine with any degree of certainty who was the aggressor and who the victim." The weakened and decimated Comintern was then forced to officially adopt a policy of

5311:

movement. But long before the war it became increasingly clear that, to the extent that the internal as well as the international situation of individual countries became more complicated, the solution of the problems of the labor movement of each individual country through the medium of some international centre would meet with insuperable obstacles.

5185:, who experienced this period in Moscow as a contemporary witness, wrote about it in his political autobiography, which was published in the 1950s: "The foreign communists living in the Soviet Union were particularly affected. In a few months, more functionaries of the Comintern apparatus were arrested than had been put together by all 5343:, 60% of German exiles in the Soviet Union had been liquidated during the Stalinist terror and a higher proportion of the KPD Politburo membership had died in the Soviet Union than in Nazi Germany. Weitz also noted that hundreds of German citizens, most of them Communists, were handed over to the Gestapo by Stalin's administration. 5306:. During these two years, many communists turned their backs on their Comintern sections, and the organization lost its political credibility and relevance. On 15 May 1943, a declaration of the executive committee was sent out to all sections of the International, calling for the dissolution of the Comintern. The declaration read: 6696: 4860:. Stalin made the party line clear: "An internationalist is one who is ready to defend the USSR without reservation, without wavering, unconditionally; for the USSR it is the base of the world revolutionary movement, and this revolutionary movement cannot be defended and promoted without defending the USSR". 6665:

For example, the thirteenth condition stated: "The communist parties of those countries in which the communists can carry out their work legally must from time to time undertake purges (re-registration) of the membership of their party organizations in order to cleanse the party systematically of the

5408:

because my Russian colleague could not or would not get over that hurdle....Even today , when the Russians are more liberal in their censorship of documentary publications, one has to verify where possible through other sources independent of Moscow. And although Comintern's archives are available on

5381:

While the communist parties of the world no longer had a formal international organization, they continued to maintain close relations with each other through a series of international forums. In the period directly after the Comintern's dissolution, periodical meetings of communist parties were held

5310:

The historical role of the Communist International, organized in 1919 as a result of the political collapse of the overwhelming majority of the old pre-war workers' parties, consisted in that it preserved the teachings of Marxism from vulgarisation and distortion by opportunist elements of the labor

4660:

Regarding the political situation in the colonized world, the Second Congress of the Communist International stipulated that a united front should be formed between the proletariat, peasantry, and national bourgeoisie in the colonial countries. Amongst the 21 conditions drafted by Lenin ahead of the

4992:

era of the mid-1930s. The well-known names and prestige of artists, intellectuals and other fellow travelers were used to advance party positions. They often came to the Soviet Union for propaganda tours praising the future. Under the leadership of Zinoviev, the Comintern established fronts in many

2734:

with representatives of the most important sections and that other parties joining the International would have their own representatives. The Congress decided that the executive committee would elect a five-member bureau to run the daily affairs of the International. However, such a bureau was not

5526:

The most intense practical application of the conspiratorial work of the Comintern was carried out by its international liaison service, the OMS. This body undertook clandenstine courier activities and work which supported underground political activities. These included the transport of money and

5517:

The OMS was the Comintern's department for the coordination of subversive and conspiratorial activities. Some of its functions overlapped with those of the main Soviet intelligence agencies, the OGPU and the GRU, whose agents sometimes were assigned to the Comintern. But the OMS maintained its own

5403:

all references to the Communist International and later the international department of the central committee, which drove the revolutionary side of foreign policy, were removed from published diplomatic documents, in order to fit in with the prevailing dogma established by Vladimir Lenin that the

5286:

declared in an October 31 speech that "as far as the European great Powers are concerned, Germany is in the position of a State which is striving for the earliest termination of war and for peace, while Britain and France are in favour of continuing the war." This position has been described as a

4656:

to all socialist parties. Congress adopted the 21 conditions as prerequisites for any group wanting to become affiliated with the International. The 21 Conditions called for the demarcation between communist parties and other socialist groups and instructed the Comintern sections not to trust the

4957:

By the Fifth Comintern Congress in July 1924 the collapse of Communist support in Europe tightened the pressure for conformity. A new policy of "Bolshevization" was adopted, which dragooned the CPs toward stricter bureaucratic centralism. This flattened out the earlier diversity of radicalisms,

2627:

of November 1917 was felt throughout the world and an alternative path to power to parliamentary politics was demonstrated. With much of Europe on the verge of economic and political collapse in the aftermath of the carnage of World War I, revolutionary sentiments were widespread. The Russian

4962:

The Comintern was a relatively small organization, but it devised novel ways of controlling communist parties around the world. In many places, there was a communist subculture, founded upon indigenous left-wing traditions which had never been controlled by Moscow. The Comintern attempted to

4591:

of Russia, Germany, German Austria, Hungary, Poland, Finland, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Byelorussia, Estonia, Armenia, and the Volga German region; the Swedish Social Democratic Left Party (the opposition), Balkan Revolutionary People's of Russia; Zimmerwald Left Wing of France; the Czech,

5152:

Stalin's purges of the 1930s affected Comintern activists living in both the Soviet Union and overseas. At Stalin's direction, the Comintern was thoroughly infused with Soviet secret police and foreign intelligence operatives and informers working under Comintern guise. One of its leaders,

4809:

lamented the proceedings in Italy as the "largest defeat suffered by socialism and communism since the beginning of the period of world revolution", and Zinoviev programmatically announced the similarities between fascism and social democracy, laying the groundwork for the later

5029:, which was to last until 1935. The Comintern proclaimed that the capitalist system was entering the period of final collapse and therefore all communist parties were to adopt an aggressive and militant 'left' line. In particular, the Comintern labelled Social Democracy as 2683:

was mobilized, ready to come to the aid of the planned insurrection. Resolute action by the German government cancelled the plans, except due to miscommunication in Hamburg, where 200–300 communists attacked police stations, but were quickly defeated. In 1924, there was a

8417: 8966: 5205:

recalled these days: "In house, where the party activists of all the countries were living, no-one slept until 3 o'clock in the morning. Exactly 3 o'clock the car lights began to be seen we stayed near the window and waited , where the car stopped".

5319:

To dissolve the Communist International as a guiding centre of the international labor movement, releasing sections of the Communist International from the obligations ensuing from the constitution and decisions of the Congresses of the Communist

8637: 5366:, or Communist Information Bureau, often seen as a substitute to the Comintern. It was a network made up of the communist parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia (led by 5056:, which led to a review of the policy on forming alliances with the 'national bourgeoisie' in the 'colonizal countries'. The Congress did make a differentiation between the character of the Chinese Kuomintang on one hand and the Indian 4657:

legality of the bourgeois states. They also called for the build-up of party organizations along democratic centralist lines in which the party press and parliamentary factions would be under the direct control of the party leadership.

5352: 6299: 4963:

establish control over party leaderships by sending agents who bolstered certain factions, by judicious use of secret funding, by expelling independent-minded activists and even by closing down entire national parties (such as the

5100:

The Seventh and last Congress of the Comintern was held between 25 July and 20 August 1935. It was attended by representatives of 65 communist parties. The main report was delivered by Dimitrov, other reports were delivered by

4843:

in 1924 and the next year saw a shift in the organization's focus from the immediate activity of world revolution towards a defense of the Soviet state. In that year, Joseph Stalin took power in Moscow and upheld the thesis of

12711: 2496:

who issued a manifesto stating, "the victory of the Germans would mean the death of democracy in Europe" while making no such criticisms of the Russian Tsar. There were exceptions, such as the socialist parties of the

4595:

Zinoviev served as the first Chairman of the Comintern's executive committee from 1919 to 1926, but its dominant figure until his death in January 1924 was Lenin, whose strategy for revolution had been laid out in

4610:(freedom of discussion, unity of action), namely that parties would make decisions democratically, but uphold in a disciplined fashion whatever decision was made. In this period, the Comintern was promoted as the 8031:

Drachewych, Oleksa. "The Comintern and the Communist Parties of South Africa, Canada, and Australia on Questions of Imperialism, Nationality and Race, 1919–1943" (PhD dissertation, McMaster University, 2017)

2558:. Lenin condemned much of the center as "social pacifists" for several reasons, including their vote for war credits despite publicly opposing the war. Lenin's term "social pacifist" aimed in particular at 6310:(IFA; est. 1968), with several spin-offs: Libertarian Communist International (est. 1954), Anarchist International Conference (est. 1958), International Libertarian Solidarity (SIL/ILS) network (est. 2001) 4946:. Zinoviev himself was dismissed in 1926 after falling out of favor with Stalin. Bukharin then led the Comintern for two years until 1928, when he too fell out with Stalin. Bulgarian communist leader 5125:

with those parties based in the working class. There was no significant opposition to this policy within any of the national sections of the Comintern. It would have momentous consequences, with the

5527:

letters, the manufacture of passports and other false documents and technical support to underground parties, such as managing "safe houses" and establishing businesses overseas as cover activities.

5224:

in 1938 as an oppositional alternative to the Stalin-dominated Comintern. In the years that followed, however, their sections rarely got beyond the status of the smallest cadre or splinter parties.

8622: 8665: 4879:. However, this proposal was rejected by the Politburo which was controlled by Stalin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev who decided to send a commission of lower-ranking Russian Communist party members. 12514: 8642: 12986: 5409:

the web, most of it them are still closed to the reader, even though officially declassified, and much of it is in German only. One always has to ask, what has been cut out deliberately?

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It became instead a set of parties founded strictly on the Bolshevik model, and constitutionally subordinated to the Comintern - which always remained under effective Soviet control.

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countries in the 1920s and after. To coordinate their activities, the Comintern set up international umbrella organizations linking groups across national borders, such as the

7729: 13797: 5324:

After endorsements of the declaration were received from the member sections, the International was dissolved. The dissolution was interpreted as Stalin wishing to calm his

2667:

in Germany in 1921, including an attempt to dynamite the express train from Halle to Leipzig. After this failed, the Communist Party of Germany expelled its former chairman

683: 2489:

states. A majority of socialists voted in favor of resolutions for the Second International to call upon the international working class to resist war if it were declared.

6592:(Communist Party of the German Colonists in Russia), Gaziz Yalymov (United Group of the Eastern Peoples of Russia), Hussein Bekentayev (UGEPR), Mahomet Altimirov (UGEPR), 1659: 1654: 1649: 6835:

Though its stated purpose was the promotion of world revolution, the Comintern functioned chiefly as an organ of Soviet control over the international communist movement.

6772:

However, the USSR created an entirely new dimension of interwar European reality, one in which Russia devised rules of the game and set the agenda, namely, the Comintern.

12548: 6162: 8647: 5503: 5479: 5355:, founded at roughly the same time that the Comintern was abolished in 1943, although its specific duties during the first several years of its existence are unknown. 642: 13649: 8725: 5209:

Among those persecuted were many KPD functionaries, such as members of the KPD Central Committee, who believed they had found safe asylum in the Soviet Union after

8680: 5375: 5235:. In it, the two states agreed to fight the Comintern and assured each other that they would not sign any treaties with the Soviet Union that would contradict the 8700: 8366:

The Communist International in Lenin's Time, Vol. 2: The German Revolution and the Debate on Soviet Power: Documents: 1918–1919: Preparing the Founding Congress

6723: 4602:(1902). The central policy of the Comintern under Lenin's leadership was that communist parties should be established across the world to aid the international 13609: 2632:

had been crushed by force of arms in 1871. The Bolsheviks believed that this required a new international to foment revolution in Europe and around the world.

2628:

Bolsheviks headed by Lenin believed that unless socialist revolution swept Europe, they would be crushed by the military might of world capitalism just as the

2352: 8275: 7471:; Nicholas N. Kozlov, Eric D. Weitz "Reflections on the Origins of the 'Third Period': Bukharin, the Comintern, and the Political Economy of Weimar Germany" 6197: 1000: 13593: 5121:. This policy argued that communist parties should seek to form a popular front with all parties that opposed fascism and not limit themselves to forming a 2412:

The Comintern held seven World Congresses in Moscow between 1919 and 1935. During that period, it also conducted thirteen Enlarged Plenums of its governing

2389:. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress in 1920 to "struggle by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international 13812: 13577: 13535: 13487: 10746: 8675: 6381: 5506:(1921–1939), was the most secret department of the Comintern. It has also been translated as the Illegal Liaison Section and Foreign Liaison Department. 4404: 2272: 595: 585: 5086: 2492:

But after the beginning of World War I, many European socialist parties announced support for the war effort of their respective nations. Including the

12916: 12246: 10564: 8517: 6177: 2731: 2672: 2648:, the Comintern's priority was exporting the October Revolution. Some communist parties had secret military wings. One example is the M-Apparat of the 2413: 8378:

The Communist International in Lenin's Time: Workers of the World and Oppressed Peoples Unite! Proceedings and Documents of the Second Congress, 1920

8372:

The Communist International in Lenin's Time, Vol. 3: Founding the Communist International: Proceedings and Documents of the First Congress: March 1919

5263:

powers implemented over the next two years using military means. On 3 September 1939, France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany after its

13625: 13617: 6431:. A former anarchist, he was not even a member of the RCP(b) at the time. He believed he was included because of his knowledge of European languages. 6126: 5653: 5617: 5599: 5580: 5276: 5013:(organized sports), and more. Front organizations were especially influential in France, which in 1933 became the base for communist front organizer 4758: 4744: 4700: 4627: 8360:

The Communist International in Lenin's Time, Vol. 1: Lenin's Struggle for a Revolutionary International: Documents: 1907–1916: The Preparatory Years

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in 1938). Above all, the Comintern exploited Soviet prestige in sharp contrast to the weaknesses of local parties that rarely had political power.

4652:

Ahead of the Second Congress of the Communist International, held in July through August 1920, Lenin sent out a number of documents, including his

7684: 13721: 13601: 13585: 8876: 6249: 6244: 6167: 6121: 4584: 2510: 2191: 661: 615: 13827: 13782: 12527: 12089: 9375: 8781: 8720: 6644:(Zimmerwald Committee) and the following delegates representing the sections the Central Bureau of Eastern Peoples: Gaziz Yalymov (Turkestan), 4048: 8117:

Jeifets, Víctor, and Lazar Jeifets. "The Encounter between the Cuban Left and the Russian Revolution: The Communist Party and the Comintern."

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Socialist parties in neutral countries mostly supported neutrality, rather than totally opposing the war. On the other hand, during the 1915

2113: 8191: 13482: 8751: 1993: 1956: 1644: 1027: 723: 688: 565: 12504: 12276: 6573: 5388:, a joint periodical of the communist parties, played an important role in coordinating the communist movement up to the break-up of the 4673: 4279: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 5165:). Numerous Comintern officials were also targeted by the dictator and became victims of show trials and political persecution, such as 2640:

During this early period (1919–1924), known as the First Period in Comintern history, with the Bolshevik Revolution under attack in the

13817: 13477: 8976: 8039:

Dullin, Sabine, and Brigitte Studer. "Communism+ transnational: the rediscovered equation of internationalism in the Comintern years."

6212: 4555: 4483: 2345: 1512: 890: 5231:'s propaganda against the Soviet Union and the Comintern, a treaty of assistance was concluded between Germany and Japan in 1936, the 2659:

in 1919. Several hundred agitators and financial aid were sent from the Soviet Union and Lenin was in regular contact with its leader

12349: 12284: 9385: 9319: 8921: 8670: 6585: 6377: 6274: 5197:

or Chatto), Korean, Mexican, Iranian, and Turkish communist parties were executed. Out of 11 Mongolian Communist Party leaders, only

4890:

in Germany and of the Hungarian Soviet Republic and the failure of all revolutionary movements in Europe such as in Italy, where the

4840: 2068: 1774: 738: 718: 693: 5291:, declaring on November 6 that the conflict was an imperialist war between various national ruling classes on both sides, much like 12824: 12321: 9831: 9136: 7862:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 37 (translation), 38 (organization), 40 (Browder), 62 (Russian counterpart), 63 (process). 5371: 1988: 8033: 13528: 12760: 12742: 9779: 8991: 8632: 8094:

Ikeda, Yoshiro. "Time and the Comintern: Rethinking the Cultural Impact of the Russian Revolution on Japanese Intellectuals." in

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In Stalin's Secret Service: An Expose of Russia's Secret Polices by the Formem Chief of the Soviet Intelligence in Western Europe

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with Stalin in August 1939, which in turn meant the end of the Popular Front policy and, in fact, that of the Comintern as well.

5034: 4365: 2946: 2267: 535: 2685: 13807: 13052: 12909: 12239: 10690: 9380: 8510: 6633: 6561: 6513: 6307: 4539: 4459: 3157: 2394: 1916: 1500: 1169: 637: 7973:

Belogurova, Anna. "Networks, Parties, and the" Oppressed Nations": The Comintern and Chinese Communists Overseas, 1926–1935."

13802: 12991: 12793: 12572: 9955: 8715: 7923: 7884: 7836: 7809: 7782: 7694: 7321: 7283: 6954: 6929: 6902: 6875: 6800: 6765: 6733: 6706: 6187: 2996: 2338: 2198: 1676: 1597: 1532: 1047: 5336:) and to keep them from suspecting the Soviet Union of pursuing a policy of trying to foment revolution in other countries. 13455: 12746: 10695: 9365: 8326: 8322: 8318: 6865: 6453: 5271:. The Comintern sections now found themselves in the politically suicidal situation of having to support, for example, the 2118: 1946: 1911: 1851: 1592: 1537: 1522: 5033:

and urged aligned parties to work to their destruction as the 'moderate wing of fascism'. Especially with the rise of the

13088: 12779: 12592: 12567: 10104: 9058: 9006: 8901: 8705: 8690: 8019: 7258: 7083: 6172: 5993: 5671: 5181:

or were convinced to relocate in the Soviet Union were liquidated, and more than a thousand were handed over to Germany.

5081: 4475: 4296: 2620: 2386: 2174: 2098: 2073: 1971: 1951: 17: 13521: 13419: 12830: 12631: 12270: 8986: 8891: 8856: 8756: 8710: 7120: 6629: 6344: 6192: 5434: 5405: 5227:

Although the General Association of German Anti-Communist Associations had existed in Berlin since 1933 as part of the

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as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the state". The Comintern was preceded by the dissolution of the

13787: 13762: 13399: 13057: 12496: 12329: 12081: 10497: 9930: 9360: 9011: 8916: 8695: 8685: 8384:

The Communist International in Lenin's Time: To See the Dawn: Baku, 1920: First Congress of the Peoples of the East

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The Sixth World Congress also revised the policy of united front in the colonial (colonized) countries. In 1927 in

4515: 4493: 4184: 4041: 2008: 1931: 1789: 750: 8148:

McDermott, Kevin. "The History of the Comintern in Light of New Documents", in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe (eds.),

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McIlroy, John, and Alan Campbell. "Bolshevism, Stalinism and the Comintern: A historical controversy revisited."

7874: 7222: 6637: 5210: 4685: 4549: 4272: 4228: 2764: 2151: 2003: 1976: 1961: 1824: 1091: 9703: 6674:

at p. 41 for discussion of the ambiguities in the term, including its use in the 1920 Comintern resolution.

5157:, using the pseudonym Mikhail Aleksandrovich Moskvin, was in fact chief of the foreign department of the Soviet 4648:

representing the festival of the Comintern II Congress on the Uritsky Square (former Palace square) in Petrograd

13466: 13424: 12616: 12558: 12298: 11489: 11379: 10685: 9992: 8741: 8209:

The Communist Movement at a Crossroads: Plenums of the Communist International's Executive Committee, 1922–1923

4463: 4360: 2018: 1866: 1856: 1779: 1741: 1517: 883: 11304: 7777:. Routledge. pp. vii (Rudnik), 52 (Trilisser), 60 (OMS), 61–62 (dissolution), 119–120 (Ducroux, Rudnik). 6101: 5064:

on the other, considering the latter as an unreliable ally yet not a direct enemy. The Congress called on the

4763:

The Fourth Congress, held in November 1922, at which Trotsky played a prominent role, continued in this vein.

13767: 13343: 12690: 12518: 12315: 11058: 10815: 10417: 10146: 10002: 9131: 8956: 8604: 8554: 6616:(Czech Communist Group), Stojan Dyorov (Bulgarian Communist Group), Ilija Milkić (Yugoslav Communist Group), 6217: 5561: 5422: 4994: 4572: 4372: 4194: 3117: 3063: 3038: 2906: 2881: 2701: 1998: 1886: 1784: 958: 938: 907: 388: 205: 13513: 12704: 7171: 12721: 12607: 12372: 12145: 12120: 12042: 11098: 10024: 9940: 9882: 9821: 9242: 9151: 8846: 8256:

Drachewych, Oleksa. "The Communist Transnational? Transnational studies and the history of the Comintern."

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petty-bourgeois elements within it". The term purge has taken on very negative connotations because of the

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Dobronravin, Nikolay. "The Comintern, 'Negro Self-Determination' and Black Revolutions in the Caribbean."

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I kamp för Socialismen – Kortfattad framställning av det svenska kommunistiska partiets historia 1917–1981

5518:

set of operations and had its own representative on the central committees of each Communist party abroad.

3998: 13726: 13228: 13047: 12672: 12622: 12387: 12140: 11838: 11078: 10887: 10845: 10343: 9960: 9678: 9176: 8096:

Culture and Legacy of the Russian Revolution: Rhetoric and Performance–Religious Semantics–Impact on Asia

7519: 7442:, 2009, Vol. 17, Issue 4, pp 164–176, review (in English) of a German language study by Reiner Tosstorff. 7218: 5252: 5240: 5194: 5094: 4767: 3400: 3080: 3010: 2926: 2896: 2088: 1881: 1560: 1227: 1106: 12224: 11033: 8462: 8454: 8428: 7179: 3043: 13777: 13695: 13409: 13303: 13218: 12815: 12787: 12736: 12663: 12290: 12094: 11938: 11459: 11284: 10316: 8996: 7939:

Kókai, Károly (2017). "The Communist International and the Contribution of Georg Lukács in the 1920s".

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organizations were set up to attract non-members who agreed with the party on certain specific points.

4922:

At the Fifth World Congress of the Comintern in July 1924, Zinoviev condemned both Marxist philosopher

4868: 4535: 4489: 4441: 4393: 4345: 4335: 4316: 4310: 4265: 4053: 3938: 3480: 2689: 2649: 2378: 2215: 2123: 2108: 2078: 1891: 1617: 31: 11180: 8481: 7711:

The Role of the CPSU International Department in Soviet Foreign Relations and National Security Policy

7121:"First Congress of the Communist International: Letter of Invitation to the Congress: 24 January 1919" 6823: 13690: 13544: 13404: 13313: 13183: 12850: 12442: 12335: 11324: 11259: 11160: 10333: 9987: 9418: 9350: 8766: 8627: 8405: 6757: 6569: 6529: 6410:, phrase referring to socialist and communist groups aspiring to create a new workers' international. 6239: 5272: 4964: 4935: 4854:

Can We Build Socialism in One Country in the Absence of the Victory of the West-European Proletariat?

4382: 4350: 4340: 4329: 4321: 4146: 3818: 2961: 2941: 2656: 1834: 876: 13736: 8490: 7150: 1407: 310: 13680: 12925: 12696: 12678: 11469: 11329: 10962: 10751: 10492: 9027: 8851: 8791: 7826: 5065: 4845: 4749:

The Third Congress of the Communist International was held between 22 June–12 July 1921 in Moscow.

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was assassinated on 31 July 1914, the socialist parties hardened their support in France for their

2058: 1829: 1527: 1129: 1057: 575: 7746:

Stalin and the Cold War in Europe: The Emergence and Development of East-West Conflict, 1939–1953.

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Soviet Government had nothing to do with Comintern. I gave up co-editing a series of documents on

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from the party for publicly criticizing the March Action in a pamphlet, which was ratified by the

953: 13731: 13675: 13293: 13208: 13168: 13163: 13153: 13031: 12467: 12426: 12213: 11170: 10805: 10549: 10441: 10328: 10223: 10097: 10014: 9222: 9051: 8821: 8776: 8526: 8106: 6792: 6394: 5452: 5280: 5134: 5053: 4856:(April 1925). The position was finalized as the state policy after Stalin's January 1926 article 4771: 4693: 4666: 4499: 4479: 4469: 4253: 4204: 4086: 3312: 3302: 3142: 3097: 2592: 2547: 2446: 2053: 2048: 1716: 1542: 1495: 990: 605: 403: 398: 368: 8390:

Toward the United Front: Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International, 1922

7804:. Hoover Press. pp. xxix (description), 120 (Flieg), 319 (Mirov-Abramov), 479 (Trilisser). 7084:"First Congress of the Communist International: The Organisation of the Communist International" 7069: 2599:

hoped that Russia would lose the war so that they could quickly cause a socialist insurrection.

13711: 13472: 13440: 12764: 11783: 11768: 11449: 11444: 11068: 11013: 10937: 10892: 10810: 10763: 10670: 10358: 10296: 8816: 7899: 5325: 5303: 5268: 5198: 5142: 5093:'s Delegates' Card at the 1935 Comintern's 7th Congress as she was a delegate representing the 4798: 4681: 4091: 3435: 3197: 3033: 2931: 2921: 2676: 2462: 2421: 2083: 1302: 1217: 1072: 11858: 7772: 7404:

Michael David‐Fox, "The Fellow Travelers Revisited: The 'Cultured West' through Soviet Eyes",

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Trotsky, who was also marginalized and persecuted by Stalin, and other communists founded the

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The Comintern was involved in the revolutions across Europe in this period, starting with the

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The Research Institutes 100 and 205 worked for the International and later were moved to the

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International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Institute of Marxism-Leninism of the CPCz CC, Institute of Marxism-Leninism of the CPS CC.

6653: 6577: 6367: 6322: 5384: 5362:, Stalin gathered a grouping of key European communist parties in September and set up the 5221: 4598: 4522: 4437: 4018: 3918: 3853: 3390: 3317: 3172: 2916: 2866: 2823: 2806: 2801: 2574: 2470: 2454: 2398: 1797: 1721: 1691: 1422: 1062: 923: 915: 545: 315: 225: 163: 6485: 1387: 30:"Third International" redirects here. For the government proposed by Muammar Gaddafi, see 8: 13654: 13644: 13414: 13394: 12952: 11943: 11773: 11753: 11434: 11254: 11209: 11118: 11108: 11018: 11008: 10987: 10957: 10855: 10795: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10614: 10507: 10424: 10380: 10375: 10368: 10019: 9935: 9864: 9851: 9826: 9799: 9789: 9708: 9593: 9468: 9395: 9355: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9265: 9250: 9146: 9091: 7855: 6641: 6545: 6497: 6407: 6328: 6152: 5510: 5256: 5232: 4916: 4887: 4543: 4448: 4199: 4166: 4126: 4111: 3395: 3307: 3297: 3267: 3162: 3048: 3015: 2861: 2843: 2833: 2790: 2760: 2756: 2748: 2723: 2578: 2555: 2416:, which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses. 2220: 2210: 1746: 1731: 1472: 1432: 1139: 1022: 728: 671: 11743: 11688: 11175: 5014: 4576: 3973: 1397: 13792: 13757: 13569: 13492: 13368: 13158: 13133: 13042: 12533: 12164: 12125: 11868: 11823: 11808: 11598: 11369: 11136: 11083: 11043: 10912: 10902: 10881: 10721: 10622: 10569: 10455: 10397: 10311: 10171: 10151: 10136: 10090: 10039: 9997: 9970: 9875: 9811: 9806: 9794: 9563: 9483: 9227: 9044: 8841: 8112: 8072: 8051: 7985:

The Nanyang Revolution: The Comintern and Chinese Networks in Southeast Asia, 1890–1957

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of the 1930s, but in the early 1920s, the term was more ambiguous. See J. Arch Getty's

6649: 6605: 6521: 5283: 5264: 4669:. The Congress removed the term bourgeois-democratic in what became the 8th condition. 4189: 4131: 3963: 3888: 3660: 3640: 3625: 3475: 3380: 3237: 3217: 3202: 3152: 3132: 3110: 2951: 2886: 2774: 2740: 2624: 1751: 1711: 1587: 1312: 965: 798: 783: 773: 768: 676: 666: 491: 486: 408: 235: 11553: 9698: 8771: 7755:

Jonathan Haslam, "The Road Taken: International Relations as History" (H-DIPLO, 2020)

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Barrett, James R. "What Went Wrong? The Communist Party, the US, and the Comintern."

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War on War: Lenin, the Zimmerwald Left, and the Origins of Communist Internationalism

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Several international organizations were sponsored by the Comintern in this period:

4907:. This period up to 1928 was known as the Second Period, mirroring the shift in the 4640: 4414: 2420:, leader of the Soviet Union, dissolved the Comintern in 1943 to avoid antagonizing 1212: 13298: 13283: 13093: 13006: 12201: 12189: 12062: 11928: 11913: 11888: 11873: 11708: 11638: 11548: 11519: 11504: 11479: 11439: 11429: 11394: 11389: 11334: 11309: 11299: 11269: 11229: 11038: 11023: 10972: 10952: 10820: 10800: 10709: 10363: 10306: 10233: 10203: 10071: 10059: 9950: 9758: 9658: 9553: 9498: 9453: 9443: 9428: 9314: 9217: 9186: 8896: 8447: 8199:

Travellers of the World Revolution: A Global History of the Communist International

7605: 7493: 6473: 6461: 5485: 5288: 5173:. At Stalin's orders, 133 out of 492 Comintern staff members became victims of the 5170: 5166: 5110: 4883: 4849: 4802: 4794: 4615: 4611: 4603: 4306: 4241: 4224: 3943: 3923: 3843: 3838: 3780: 3740: 3730: 3695: 3615: 3590: 3560: 3545: 3540: 3515: 3460: 3445: 3352: 3327: 3257: 3212: 3182: 3070: 3058: 2986: 2971: 2911: 2876: 2744: 2582: 2559: 2551: 2326: 2302: 2257: 1681: 1462: 1442: 1297: 1292: 1277: 948: 943: 852: 840: 815: 471: 456: 428: 418: 353: 325: 109: 99: 13178: 11264: 11249: 4023: 3685: 3415: 13561: 13450: 13373: 13358: 13353: 13253: 13223: 13148: 13113: 13035: 11933: 11903: 11723: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11633: 11623: 11618: 11603: 11573: 11499: 11359: 11339: 11314: 11244: 11204: 11093: 11088: 10967: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10597: 10460: 10323: 10186: 10181: 9583: 9523: 9513: 9508: 9438: 9207: 9181: 9156: 9116: 9106: 9081: 8141:

McDermott, Kevin. "Stalin and the Comintern during the 'Third Period', 1928–33."

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in spring and then again in selected parts of Germany in the autumn of 1923. The

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McDermott, Kevin. "Rethinking the Comintern: Soviet Historiography, 1987–1991",

8009:

Enemies within the Gates? The Comintern and the Stalinist Repression, 1934–1939.

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Bolshevism, Stalinism and the Comintern: Perspectives on Stalinization, 1917–53

8164:

Lenin and the Myth of World Revolution: Ideology and Reasons of State 1917–1920

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Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933–1938

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spirit of the agreement. However, this did not prevent Hitler from signing the

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Creating German Communism, 1890-1990: From Popular Protests to Socialist State

7609: 7413: 7256: 6894:

The Historical & International Foundations of the Socialist Equality Party

6533: 5189:

governments in twenty years. Just listing the names would fill entire pages."

5177:. Several hundred German communists and antifascists who had either fled from 4013: 2513: 13751: 13543: 13363: 13288: 13263: 13143: 13078: 12801: 12541: 12052: 11893: 11883: 11853: 11828: 11798: 11733: 11728: 11663: 11658: 11578: 11514: 11494: 11404: 11384: 11364: 11214: 10982: 10917: 10907: 10875: 10726: 10714: 10680: 10590: 10581: 10534: 10176: 10034: 9748: 9728: 9718: 9643: 9598: 9578: 9568: 9493: 9473: 8811: 8564: 7617: 7536:

Ullstein, Frankfurt a. M./Berlin, Taschenbuchausgabe 10. Auflage 1968, S. 44.

6754:

Russian Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century and the Shadow of the Past

6645: 6625: 6509: 6493: 6465: 6441: 6338: 5340: 5214: 5190: 5114: 5106: 4989: 4912: 4904: 4900: 4864: 4790: 4786:

sent personal emissaries to help organize revolts which at this time failed.

4783: 4684:(initially called French Section of the Communist International – SFIC). The 4141: 4136: 4003: 3953: 3933: 3928: 3903: 3878: 3775: 3680: 3600: 3520: 3495: 3420: 3357: 3192: 2991: 2629: 2417: 1736: 1477: 1452: 1412: 1377: 1327: 1202: 1159: 1111: 1032: 708: 516: 511: 481: 466: 94: 11474: 8485: 8107:

World Revolution 1917–1936: The Rise and Fall of the Communist International

7438:

Ian Birchall, "Profintern: Die Rote Gewerkschaftsinternationale 1920–1937",

6370:(1938–1953 schism) led by the International Secretariat (ISFI); followed by 3425: 2759:

presented material. The main topic of discussion was the difference between

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Saage, Richard (2007). "Sowjetmarxistische Interpretation des Faschismus".

7235: 6949:(2nd ed.). Croydon: Larkin publications (published 2014). p. 48. 6457: 6428: 5389: 5359: 5302:, when the Comintern changed its position to one of active support for the 5178: 5122: 5057: 5026: 4908: 4872: 4566: 4292:

The following parties and movements were invited to the Founding Congress:

3883: 3833: 3828: 3813: 3770: 3755: 3725: 3650: 3635: 3610: 3570: 3530: 3505: 3470: 3385: 2752: 2736: 2730:. There were 52 delegates present from 34 parties. They decided to form an 2664: 2587: 2425: 2406: 2252: 1901: 1841: 1634: 1612: 1437: 1347: 1252: 1096: 733: 476: 451: 89: 13278: 11613: 8069:

Communism and nationalism in India: MN Roy and Comintern policy, 1920–1939

7102:"Speeches at the First Congress of the Communist International March 1919" 6921:

The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History

5370:

and expelled in June 1948). The Cominform was dissolved in 1956 following

5138: 4731:

and began to establish the Comintern China Branch, which evolved into the

4672:

Many European socialist parties were divided over the adhesion issue. The

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Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal

7203:

Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal

6667: 6549: 6357:

Communist International, aka Third International or Comintern (1919–1943)

6303: 5446: 5292: 5186: 5174: 5068:

to utilize the contradictions between the "national bourgeoisie" and the

5025:

In 1928, the Ninth Plenum of the executive committee began the so-called

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where he called socialists collaborating with their national governments

2528: 2482: 2481:, fighting against what they perceived as militarist exploitation of the 2458: 2390: 2245: 2235: 1896: 1876: 1696: 1686: 1602: 1457: 1367: 1342: 1307: 1242: 1101: 501: 461: 423: 9142:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 8623:

Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia

8157:

The Comintern: a History of International Communism from Lenin to Stalin

7948: 6089: 4931: 4325: 2660: 2527:, Lenin, then a Swiss resident refugee, organized an opposition to the " 2309: 859: 13248: 13243: 13203: 12400: 12067: 12003: 11683: 11673: 11593: 10731: 10602: 10472: 10431: 10407: 10282: 10243: 9633: 9628: 9538: 9533: 8048:

The Bolsheviks and the World War: The Origin of the Third International

6553: 5428: 5061: 5049: 5017:. These organizations were dissolved in the late 1930s or early 1940s. 4998: 4895: 4806: 4775: 4724: 4300: 4076: 3983: 3720: 3550: 3252: 3207: 2675:

prior to the Third Congress. A new attempt was made at the time of the

2596: 2156: 2141: 1671: 1467: 1427: 1207: 820: 810: 713: 654: 373: 330: 305: 200: 104: 8638:

International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations

8448:

Program of the Communist International. Together With Its Constitution

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International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations

8582: 7206: 7034: 6296:, sometimes known as the "Black" International (1881–1887); anarchist 6227: 5363: 4953:

Geoff Eley summed up the change in attitude at this time as follows:

4789:

The Fourth World Congress was coincidentally held within days of the

4720: 4662: 4071: 3913: 3745: 3455: 3292: 3277: 3167: 3147: 3137: 2782: 2719: 2668: 2486: 2450: 2429: 2240: 2225: 1372: 1174: 1134: 335: 320: 220: 181: 7915:

Alliance of Adversaries: The Congress of the Toilers of the Far East

7774:

Espionage and the Roots of the Cold War: The Conspiratorial Heritage

2428:, the United States and the United Kingdom. It was succeeded by the 12357: 12135: 12130: 12032: 11568: 10517: 10512: 10477: 10338: 10248: 9980: 9975: 9869: 9260: 8491:

Article on the Third International from the Encyclopædia Britannica

8308:

South Africa and the Communist International: A Documentary History

8176:

Riddell, John. "The Comintern in 1922: The Periphery Pushes Back."

7314:

Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years

6469: 4728: 4723:. Li arranged for Voitinsky to meet with another Communist leader, 4708: 4562: 2680: 2567: 2146: 1629: 1447: 1149: 1144: 703: 280: 8436: 8344:

International Communism in the Era of Lenin: A Documentary History

7276:

Faschismus: Konzeptionen und historische Kontexte. Eine Einführung

6337:(IWUSP), aka 2½ International or Vienna International, founded by 5413: 5315:

Concretely, the declaration asked the member sections to approve:

12855: 12807: 12638: 11948: 11848: 10773: 10253: 10208: 9255: 8746: 8280:

Redfern, Neil. "The Comintern and Imperialism: A Balance Sheet."

7860:

Red Conspirator: J. Peters and the American Communist Underground

7278:(in German). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. pp. 24–48. 6347:(1923–1940), created by merger of Vienna and Berne Internationals 5118: 4950:

headed the Comintern in 1934 and presided until its dissolution.

4704: 4425: 3803: 3282: 3262: 2498: 2038: 1983: 1332: 1179: 788: 290: 60: 8181: 8150:

International Communism and the Communist International, 1919–43

5217:, who had been present at the 1919 Comintern founding congress. 13685: 11878: 11818: 10539: 9403: 8972:

International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties

8089:

Setting the East Ablaze: Lenin's Dream of a Empire in Asia 1984

7354:

Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850–2000

7051:"Glossary of Events: Congresses of the Communist International" 5075: 4819: 4716: 3808: 2707: 1164: 12924: 12208: 12184: 10066: 8332:

Firsov, Fridrikh I., Harvey Klehr, and John Earl Haynes, eds.

7797: 7359: 5295:

had been, and that the main culprits were Britain and France.

4248: 4219: 2409:

were both honorary presidents of the Communist International.

2321: 847: 12418: 10523: 7756: 3620: 1809: 10082: 9036: 6850:

The Communist Revolution: An Outline of Strategy and Tactics

12885:

An asterisk indicates a party no longer espousing communism

12882:

Italics indicates a current ruling party or communist state

12584: 12549:

African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde

12510: 12459: 12305: 8216:

Expansion and Coexistence: Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917–1973

6163:

Communist University of the National Minorities of the West

6029:

World Congress Against Colonial Oppression and Imperialism

5162: 5158: 3053: 2747:

as the Chairman of the Executive. Zinoviev was assisted by

1861: 1846: 1819: 995: 8059:

Comintern and the Destiny of Communism in India: 1919–1943

6725:

Alexander Shlyapnikov, 1885–1937: Life of an Old Bolshevik

5480:

International Liaison Department (Communist International)

2743:

later delegated the task of managing the International to

8152:. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press, 1998. 7180:

Walter Kendall "Lenin and the Myth of World Revolution",

6636:), Leonie Kascher (Swiss Communist Group), Liu Shaozhou ( 5458:

International of the Proletarian Freethinkers (1925–1933)

8211:. John Riddell, trans. (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2019). 6380:(since 1963), by reunification of ISFI and parts of the 5376:

20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

8648:

International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties

8336:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2014. 6640:), Zhang Yongkui (CSWP), Kain (Korean Workers League), 4552:(a radical industrial union based in the United States) 4719:

and established contact with local communist vanguard

2440: 12255:

Current and former ruling parties of communist states

8079:

The Comintern: The History of the Third International

7975:

Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review

7831:. Harper & Brothers (Enigma Books). p. 125. 7642:

Bertelsmann, München 1978, ISBN 3-570-05106-4, S. 48.

6524:(Balkan Revolutionary Social Democratic Federation), 6198:

International Entente Against the Third International

4711:. Soon after its establishment, the bureau's manager 2543:, i.e. socialists in word, but nationalists in deed. 2457:

had been increasing for decades, but the outbreak of

264:

in a variety of European languages from 1919 to 1943.

13798:

Defunct international non-governmental organizations

12712:

Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe

8482:

Report from Moscow, 3rd International congress, 1920

8413:

Lenin's speech: The Third, Communist International (

6604:

of France). Delegates with consultative votes were:

6290:: at first with the 1st International; followed by: 5193:

died in a labor camp and the leaders of the Indian (

2573:

Discredited by its apathy towards world events, the

8459:

Journal of the Comintern, Marxists Internet Archive

8380:. In Two Volumes. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1991. 7876:

Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence

6382:

International Committee of the Fourth International

6266:

Leftist Internationals, chronologically by ideology

5473: 5041:, this stance gave rise to some opposition inside. 2602: 586:

The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky

7591: 6178:Executive Committee of the Communist International 6131:Scandinavian Bureau of the Communist International 4770:joined the Comintern. At first, in China both the 2755:and Vladmir Ossipovich Mazin. Lenin, Trotsky, and 2673:Executive Committee of the Communist International 2509:voted in favor of war. After influential anti-war 7798:Lazitch, Branko; Milorad M. Drachkovitch (1986). 6127:Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International 4759:4th World Congress of the Communist International 4745:3rd World Congress of the Communist International 4701:Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International 4628:2nd World Congress of the Communist International 13749: 12408:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde 6335:International Working Union of Socialist Parties 5298:This period only ended on 22 June 1941 with the 4970: 2751:, acting as the secretary of the International, 2706:The Comintern was founded at a Congress held in 2635: 13722:International response to the Spanish Civil War 8188:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism 7138:"First Congress of the Communist International" 7045: 7043: 6302:– Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores 6250:List of delegates of the 2nd Comintern Congress 6245:List of delegates of the 1st Comintern Congress 6168:Communist University of the Toilers of the East 6122:Amsterdam Bureau of the Communist International 6046:2nd Congress of the League Against Imperialism 5689:Delegate figures are voting plus consultative. 5531: 5414:Comintern-sponsored international organizations 4585:list of delegates of the 1st Comintern congress 2710:on 2–6 March 1919. It opened with a tribute to 616:Leninism: Introduction to the Study of Leninism 12306:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola 8782:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 8464:Outline History of the Communist International 7172:Max Shachtman "For the Fourth International!" 7152:Report on the Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P. 6134:Southern Bureau of the Communist International 6062:1st International Conference of Negro Workers 4778:were supported. After the definite break with 4636:Second Congress of the Communist International 4383:Social Democratic and Labour Party of Bulgaria 4368:(Ukrainian section of Russian Communist Party) 2566:in Britain, who opposed the war on grounds of 13529: 12910: 12240: 10098: 9052: 8937:International Alliance of Socialist Democracy 8932:International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam 8907:Committee for a Workers' International (1974) 8827:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties 8590: 8511: 8134:Lazitch, Branko and Milorad M. Drachkovitch. 7209:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. pp. 48, 84–85. 5497: 4930:, published in 1923 after his involvement in 4903:and quickly assumed power following the 1922 4273: 2346: 2114:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 884: 8525: 7902:. Marxist History. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 7850: 7848: 7653:"Dissolution of the Communist International" 7166:Soviet Russia: A Living Record and a History 7143: 7040: 6890: 6140:Vienna Bureau of the Communist International 6137:Balkan Bureau of the Communist International 5399:reports that even after in Moscow archives: 5358:Following the June 1947 Paris Conference on 5255:treaty contained far-reaching agreements on 5076:Seventh World Congress and the Popular Front 4820:Fifth to Seventh World Congresses: 1925–1935 4707:to develop their political influence in the 596:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 566:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 8226:The CPSU, the Comintern, and the Bulgarians 8046:Gankin, Olga Hess and Harold Henry Fisher. 7766: 7764: 7719:, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Jul., 1990), pp. 429–446. 7689:. Princeton University Press. p. 280. 7509:. Prague: Orbis Press Agency, 1980. p. 160. 7475:, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul., 1989), pp. 387–410 6574:Communist Party of Lithuania and Belorussia 4674:French Section of the Workers International 4606:. The parties also shared his principle of 4361:Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia 2461:was the catalyst for their separation. The 13813:1943 disestablishments in the Soviet Union 13536: 13522: 12917: 12903: 12247: 12233: 10105: 10091: 9059: 9045: 8977:International Revolutionary Marxist Centre 8942:International Working People's Association 8518: 8504: 8126:Russia and the West Under Lenin and Stalin 7992:Latin America and the Comintern, 1919–1943 7866: 7673:. (Macmillan – London, 2004), pp. 444–445. 7593:"The Soviet Union as a Neutral, 1939-1941" 6294:International Working People's Association 6213:International Revolutionary Marxist Centre 5522:In 2012, historian David McKnight stated: 5346: 4280: 4266: 2385:, and which was led and controlled by the 2353: 2339: 1513:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR 891: 877: 59: 8752:International League of Peoples' Struggle 8334:Secret Cables of the Comintern, 1933–1943 7900:"The Communist International (1919–1943)" 7854: 7845: 7824: 7818: 7589: 7496:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. pp. 47–48. 6863: 6378:Fourth International (post-reunification) 5048:, considered tobe one of such countries, 4502:(particularly the current represented by 2435: 2069:Communist Party of the Russian Federation 12277:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan 8136:Biographical dictionary of the Comintern 7879:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 77. 7801:Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern 7770: 7761: 7240:"History of the Communist International" 7118: 6783: 6012:1st Congress of Toilers of the Far East 5085: 4886:was abandoned after the failures of the 4828: 4752: 4639: 4631: 4621: 2606: 2546:The Second International divided into a 260:The Communist International published a 255: 12388:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party 10560:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought 8992:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement 8451:(adopted at 6th World Congress in 1928) 7791: 7558: 7427:Comrades!: a history of world communism 7380:Comrades!: a history of world communism 7356:(Oxford University Press 2002). p. 228. 7311: 6748: 6427:Kibaltchitch would later take the name 5994:1st Congress of the Peoples of the East 5113:. The Congress officially endorsed the 4738: 4556:Workers' International Industrial Union 4366:Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine 2570:but did not actively fight against it. 2094:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party 536:The Development of Capitalism in Russia 14: 13750: 12623:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 10565:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 8297:The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov 1933–1949 8218:. (2nd ed. Praeger Publishers, 1974). 7911: 7561:"Speech Delivered on October 31, 1939" 6944: 6917: 6846: 6634:Socialist Propaganda League of America 6562:Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine 6498:Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden 6308:International of Anarchist Federations 6275:International Workingmen's Association 4768:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 4583:Of these, the following attended (see 4540:Socialist Propaganda League of America 4460:Social Democratic Party of Switzerland 4415:Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden 2577:dissolved in 1916. In 1917, after the 2175:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 1501:Dialectical and Historical Materialism 1170:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 638:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 13828:International socialist organizations 13783:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union 13517: 12898: 12728:Seychelles People's Progressive Front 12322:People's Revolutionary Party of Benin 12228: 12090:International socialist organizations 10086: 9956:Mass killings under communist regimes 9040: 8499: 8171:The Red Flag: A History of Communism. 7987:(Cambridge UP, 2019). focus on Malaya 7938: 7682: 7638:Beide Zitate nach Wolfgang Leonhard: 7507:An Outline of the History of the CPCz 7273: 6867:The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky 6721: 6694: 6277:, the First International (1864–1876) 6188:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union 4871:(KPD) had requested that Moscow send 4680:, leading to the creation of the new 4676:(SFIO) thus broke away with the 1920 4049:International socialist organizations 2997:To each according to his contribution 2393:and the creation of an international 1677:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 1598:Industrialization in the Soviet Union 1533:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung 1001:Intensification of the class struggle 13823:Organizations disestablished in 1943 13456:International Brigade Memorial Trust 12747:Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party 8351:From PKI to the Comintern, 1924–1941 8315:The Communist International, 1919–43 8203:online scholarly review of this book 7999:Twilight of the Comintern, 1930–1935 7872: 7367:The Red Flag: A History of Communism 7300:The Red Flag: A History of Communism 6648:(Turkey), Tengiz Zhgenti (Georgia), 6440:Delegates with deciding votes were: 6183:Foreign affairs of the Soviet Union' 6084: 4665:, who attended as a delegate of the 4447:Groups and organizations within the 4373:Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party 2695: 2119:Sandinista National Liberation Front 1593:Collectivization in the Soviet Union 12780:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 12608:Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution 12171: 9007:West Indies Democratic Labour Party 8386:. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1993. 8374:. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1987. 8368:. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1986. 7534:Die Revolution entläßt ihre Kinder. 7312:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021). 7234: 7012:, Chicago: Haymarket Books, p. 531. 6999:, Chicago: Haymarket Books, p. 516. 6947:Labour, a party fit for imperialism 6891:North, David; Kishore, Joe (2008). 6864:Deutscher, Isaac (5 January 2015). 6596:(UGEPR), Kasim Kasimov (UGEPR) and 6208:International relations (1919–1939) 5976:Conference of the Amsterdam Bureau 5951: 5082:7th World Congress of the Comintern 2441:Failure of the Second International 2387:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 2074:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 24: 12831:League of Communists of Yugoslavia 12794:Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party 12573:Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party 8987:Labour and Socialist International 8892:Communist Correspondence Committee 8857:World Union of National Socialists 8762:International Workers' Association 8288: 8001:. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982. 7994:(Cambridge University Press, 2002) 7959: 6701:. Reaktion Books. pp. 1–224. 6345:Labour and Socialist International 6300:International Workers' Association 6193:International Communist Opposition 5695: 5429:Red International of Labour Unions 5141:'s 1936 election which led to the 4561:The Socialist groups of Tokyo and 4432:Communist Party of the Netherlands 4409:League of Communists of Yugoslavia 4371:The revolutionary elements of the 4322:Hungarian Communist Workers' Party 2507:Social Democratic Party of Germany 2273:State ideology of the Soviet Union 1506:The History of the Communist Party 27:Political organization (1919–1943) 25: 13839: 13818:Organizations established in 1919 12483:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 9910:Criticism of communist party rule 8882:Anarchist St. Imier International 8399: 8353:, Cornell University Press, 2018. 8346:, Cornell University Press, 1967. 8250: 6722:Allen, Barbara (8 January 2015). 6482:Communist Party of German Austria 6325:(1889–1916), socialist and labour 5035:National Socialist Workers' Party 4833:The Comintern membership card of 4538:(the tendency represented by the 4521:Revolutionary elements among the 4484:Spanish Communist Workers' Party) 4377:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 4317:Communist Party of German Austria 2646:wave of revolutions across Europe 2465:comprised two empires, while the 2206:Criticism of communist party rule 1538:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament 976:Commanding heights of the economy 556:Materialism and Empirio-criticism 13686:Revolutionary National Committee 13400:Communist Party of Great Britain 13005: 12593:Lao People's Revolutionary Party 12568:Hungarian Working People's Party 12497:Socialist Unity Party of Germany 12207: 12195: 12183: 12170: 12159: 12158: 10065: 10053: 9931:21st-century communist theorists 9012:West Indies Federal Labour Party 8902:Communist Workers' International 8155:McDermott, Kevin, and J. Agnew. 8026:The Revolutionary Internationals 7683:Weitz, Eric D. (13 April 2021). 7010:The German Revolution: 1917–1923 6997:The German Revolution: 1917–1923 6789:The Great Terror: A Reassessment 6695:Blanc, Paul Le (15 April 2015). 6518:Socialist Labor Party of America 6288:Anti-authoritarian International 6260:List of members of the Comintern 6255:List of left-wing internationals 6173:Communist Workers' International 6088: 5504:International Liaison Department 5502:), also known in English as the 5474:International Liaison Department 4824: 4494:Portuguese Maximalist Federation 4476:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 4247: 4235: 4218: 2789: 2603:Impact of the Russian Revolution 2320: 2308: 2296: 2099:Lao People's Revolutionary Party 1523:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism 1508:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) 922: 858: 846: 834: 289: 12014: 11535: 11191: 11152: 11128: 10836:Dictatorship of the proletariat 9192:Dictatorship of the proletariat 8962:International Communist Seminar 8832:International Monarchist League 8787:World Anti-Imperialist Platform 8757:International People's Assembly 8600:International Communist Current 8550:Centrist Democrat International 7932: 7905: 7893: 7749: 7740: 7722: 7703: 7676: 7663: 7645: 7632: 7583: 7552: 7539: 7526: 7512: 7499: 7482: 7473:Journal of Contemporary History 7458: 7445: 7432: 7419: 7398: 7385: 7372: 7346: 7330: 7305: 7292: 7267: 7250: 7228: 7212: 7195: 7157: 7131: 7112: 7094: 7076: 7061: 7028: 7015: 7002: 6989: 6976: 6963: 6938: 6659: 6638:Chinese Socialist Workers Party 6434: 6421: 5435:Communist Women's International 5020: 4928:History and Class Consciousness 4863:According to Russian historian 4550:Industrial Workers of the World 4405:Serbian Social Democratic Party 4341:Polish Communist Workers' Party 2765:dictatorship of the proletariat 2381:founded in 1919 that advocated 1092:Theory of the productive forces 13467:Songs of the Lincoln Battalion 11079:Organizational self-management 9028:Pan-European political parties 8742:Atheist Alliance International 8633:International Communist League 8362:. New York: Monad Press, 1984. 8299:, Yale University Press, 2003. 8267:, 57#3 (1992), pp. 37–58. 8231:Worley, Matthew et al. (eds.) 7393:The Rise and Fall of Communism 7316:. Mehring Books. p. 272. 7223:Minutes of the Seventh Session 6911: 6884: 6857: 6840: 6812: 6777: 6742: 6715: 6688: 5246: 4696:in September 1921, and so on. 4488:Revolutionary elements of the 4474:Revolutionary elements of the 4464:Communist Party of Switzerland 4436:Revolutionary elements of the 2726:, against the backdrop of the 1518:A Critique of Soviet Economics 13: 1: 13808:1919 establishments in Russia 13420:Communist Party of Yugoslavia 12987:José Antonio Valledor Álvarez 12743:Supreme Revolutionary Council 11059:Free association of producers 10816:Critique of political economy 10112: 9132:Critique of political economy 9066: 8957:International Agrarian Bureau 8605:International Communist Party 8555:International Democracy Union 8245:Volume 8, no 1, Summer 2001). 8239:The Comintern and its Critics 6924:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 883–85. 6897:. Mehring Books. p. 13. 6847:Fisher, Harold Henry (1955). 6681: 6630:Dutch Social Democratic Party 6514:Swiss Social Democratic Party 6218:Moscow Sun Yat-sen University 5934:13th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5917:12th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5901:11th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5868:10th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5536: 5449:(Krestintern, formed in 1923) 5423:Young Communist International 5133:winning the 1936 election in 4995:Young Communist International 4971:Communist front organizations 4899:broke the strikes during the 4573:Socialist Youth International 4516:Revolutionary Workers' Groups 2882:Critique of political economy 2702:1st Congress of the Comintern 2636:First Period of the Comintern 959:Soviet-type economic planning 939:Administrative-command system 751:Joseph Stalin's rise to power 262:namesake theoretical magazine 250:Kominternlied/Гимн Коминтерна 206:Young Communist International 13803:Politics of the Soviet Union 13732:Albanian resistance movement 13545:XII International Brigade – 13058:Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion 12683:Polish United Workers' Party 12373:Communist Party of Kampuchea 12146:Socialist calculation debate 12121:Economic calculation problem 11099:Socialist mode of production 10025:Socialist mode of production 9941:Anti-communist mass killings 9883:Workers of the world, unite! 9152:Proletarian internationalism 8847:Pirate Parties International 8317:3 volumes. 1956; documents; 8282:Journal of Labor and Society 8081:. (London: Bookmarks, 1985). 7559:Molotov, Vyacheslav (1941). 7037:: Arbetarkultur. p. 19. 6870:. Verso Books. p. 605. 5851:9th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5835:8th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5819:7th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5802:6th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5786:5th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5770:4th Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5754:3rd Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5737:2nd Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5720:1st Enlarged Plenum of ECCI 5532:World congresses and plenums 5468:Workers International Relief 5431:(Profintern, formed in 1920) 5300:invasion of the Soviet Union 5277:annexation of Eastern Poland 5253:German-Soviet non-aggression 5211:Adolf Hitler's rise to power 4356:Communist Party of Lithuania 4152:Socialist calculation debate 4122:List of socialist economists 4097:Economic calculation problem 2982:Socialist mode of production 2839:Socialist calculation debate 2518:government of national unity 2064:Communist Party of Kampuchea 1707:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 1038:Proletarian internationalism 394:Proletarian internationalism 7: 13727:Italian resistance movement 13048:Sixth of February Battalion 12927:XV International Brigade – 12214:Organized Labour portal 10953:Socialisation of production 9993:Marx's theory of alienation 8456:The Communist International 8166:, (Humanities Press, 1990). 8041:Twentieth Century Communism 7825:Krivitsky, Walter (2013) . 7730:"H-Net Discussion Networks" 7520:The Black Book of Communism 7453:The Popular Front in France 7261:September 13, 2006, at the 7219:The Black Book of Communism 6918:Tucker, Spencer C. (2005). 6620:(British Communist Group), 6512:(the opposition within the 6146: 5885:Enlarged Presidium of ECCI 5494:otdel mezhdunarodnoy svyazi 5195:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 5095:Indochinese Communist Party 2718:, recently murdered by the 2663:. The next attempt was the 2089:Indochinese Communist Party 1107:Wars of national liberation 10: 13844: 13696:Communist Party of Germany 13410:Communist Party of Ireland 12816:Communist Party of Vietnam 12519:Workers' Party of Ethiopia 12350:African Independence Party 12291:Party of Labour of Albania 11460:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 11285:Victor Prosper Considerant 8997:Situationist International 8143:European history quarterly 7968:American Communist History 7590:Ginsburgs, George (1958). 7176:, Vol. 1, No. 1, July 1934 7070:Memoirs of a Revolutionary 6853:. Stanford UP. p. 13. 6624:(French Communist Group), 6586:Communist Party of Armenia 6582:Communist Party of Estonia 6538:Communist Party of Finland 6490:Communist Party of Hungary 6446:Communist Party of Germany 6203:International Lenin School 6080: 5477: 5462:League against Imperialism 5079: 4988:was a common theme in the 4974: 4756: 4742: 4625: 4536:Socialist Party of America 4490:Portuguese Socialist Party 4442:Communist Party of Belgium 4394:Socialist Party of Romania 4346:Communist Party of Estonia 4336:Communist Party of Finland 4311:Communist Party of Germany 2699: 2690:Communist Party of Estonia 2650:Communist Party of Germany 2535:, publishing the pamphlet 2379:international organization 2216:Marxist schools of thought 2109:Party of Labour of Albania 2079:Communist Party of Vietnam 739:Death and funeral of Lenin 36: 32:Third International Theory 29: 13704: 13691:Communist Party of Poland 13668: 13637: 13554: 13433: 13405:Communist Party of Canada 13387: 13071: 13014: 13003: 12937: 12851:List of communist parties 12846: 12823: 12800: 12786: 12772: 12761:National Liberation Front 12753: 12735: 12720: 12703: 12689: 12671: 12653: 12630: 12615: 12600: 12582: 12557: 12540: 12526: 12503: 12489: 12475: 12457: 12443:Congolese Party of Labour 12434: 12416: 12399: 12379: 12365: 12356: 12342: 12336:Bulgarian Communist Party 12328: 12314: 12297: 12283: 12269: 12260: 12154: 12103: 12080: 12012: 11533: 11325:William Batchelder Greene 11260:Francisco Largo Caballero 11189: 11150: 11126: 11117: 10996: 10786: 10658: 10613: 10440: 10276: 10135: 10122: 10048: 9923: 9892: 9850: 9772: 9394: 9343: 9305: 9241: 9200: 9074: 9025: 8869: 8804: 8767:Progressive International 8734: 8656: 8628:European Communist Action 8613: 8581: 8563: 8540: 8533: 8408:Marxists Internet Archive 8406:Comintern History Archive 7610:10.1080/09668135808410135 7408:(2003) 75#2 pp. 300–335, 7406:Journal of Modern History 7189:28 September 2007 at the 7164:William Henry Chamberlin 6758:Columbia University Press 6570:Communist Party of Latvia 6530:Communist Party of Poland 6372:Trotskyist internationals 6240:List of communist parties 5688: 5498: 5490:Отдел международной связи 5489: 5447:Red Peasant International 4965:Communist Party of Poland 4936:Hungarian Soviet Republic 4875:to Germany to direct the 4858:On the Issues of Leninism 4688:was created in 1920, the 4500:British socialist parties 4351:Communist Party of Latvia 4330:Hungarian Soviet Republic 4147:Socialism and LGBT rights 3091:Socialist-oriented market 3039:Socialist planned economy 2942:Material balance planning 2657:Hungarian Soviet Republic 246: 234: 211: 199: 187: 177: 156: 138: 118: 77: 67: 58: 49: 13773:Left-wing internationals 13681:Italian Republican Party 12697:Romanian Communist Party 11470:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz 10963:Socialist market economy 9177:Workers' self-management 8852:World Ecological Parties 8792:World Socialist Movement 8527:Political internationals 8180:22.3–4 (2014): 52–103. 8128:(1961) pp. 151–93. 8067:Haithcox, John Patrick. 8057:Gupta, Sobhanlal Datta. 8024:Drachkovitch, M. M. ed. 8016:Interfaces Brasil/Canadá 7771:McKnight, David (2012). 7488:M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. 7201:M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. 6973:. Duke University Press. 6969:R. Craig Nation (1989). 6414: 5940:28 November–12 December 5825:22 November–16 December 5406:Russo-American relations 5143:Popular Front government 4867:, the leadership of the 4846:socialism in one country 4733:Communist Party of China 4690:Communist Party of Italy 4686:Communist Party of Spain 4428:, the Klassekampen group 4398:Romanian Communist Party 3086:Socialist market economy 3011:Workers' self-management 2977:Socialism in one country 2824:Age of the Enlightenment 2564:Independent Labour Party 2445:Differences between the 2059:Communist Party of India 1058:Socialism in one country 1013:Marxist–Leninist atheism 684:History of Soviet Russia 576:The State and Revolution 13788:Stalinist organizations 13763:Communist organizations 13717:Communist International 13676:Italian Communist Party 13446:Communist International 13425:Communist Party of Cuba 13164:Carmelo Delgado Delgado 13032:American Medical Bureau 12664:Workers' Party of Korea 12468:Communist Party of Cuba 12427:Chinese Communist Party 11181:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly 11171:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably 10851:Equality of opportunity 10806:Criticism of capitalism 10555:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 10312:Left-wing laissez-faire 10015:Revolutionary socialism 9223:Socialization (Marxism) 8822:Humanists International 8777:Socialist International 8437:Site Comintern Archives 8429:Site Comintern Archives 8349:Kheng, Cheah Boon, ed. 6945:Clough, Robert (1992). 6824:Encyclopædia Britannica 6793:Oxford University Press 6454:Russian Communist Party 6395:Socialist International 5923:27 August–15 September 5776:12 June and 12–13 July 5453:Red Sport International 5347:Successor organizations 5339:According to historian 5281:Soviet Foreign Minister 5054:Chinese Communist Party 4772:Chinese Communist Party 4694:Belgian Communist Party 4667:Mexican Communist Party 4565:(Japan, represented by 4480:Spanish Communist Party 4470:Italian Socialist Party 4297:Russian Communist Party 4087:Criticism of capitalism 3098:Participatory economics 2932:Labour-time calculation 2621:Russian Communist Party 2593:revolutionary defeatism 2591:which openly supported 2548:revolutionary left-wing 2367:Communist International 2268:State ideology of China 2194:under communist regimes 2192:Crimes against humanity 2152:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 2124:Workers' Party of Korea 2054:Communist Party of Cuba 2049:Chinese Communist Party 1717:Portuguese Colonial War 1543:The Governance of China 1496:Foundations of Leninism 1043:Protracted people's war 991:Dialectical materialism 724:Anti-religious campaign 606:Foundations of Leninism 404:Revolutionary situation 399:Revolutionary defeatism 369:Dialectical materialism 236:Political position 193:Communist International 125:; 105 years ago 52:Communist International 40:Communist International 13737:Roter Frontkämpferbund 13712:International Brigades 13473:Viva la Quinta Brigada 13441:International Brigades 12765:Yemeni Socialist Party 11839:José Carlos Mariátegui 11784:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 11769:Martin Luther King Jr. 11450:Luis Emilio Recabarren 11445:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 11380:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 11069:Labor-time calculation 11034:Decentralized planning 10938:Proletarian revolution 10893:State-owned enterprise 10811:Criticism of socialism 8817:Humanist International 8392:. Leiden: Brill, 2012. 8274:60.3 (2019): 165–192. 8178:Historical Materialism 8159:. (Basingstoke, 1996). 8050:. (Stanford UP, 1940) 7918:. Brill. p. 384. 7440:Historical Materialism 7021:Berg, Nils J. (1982). 6728:. BRILL. p. 233. 6506:Norwegian Labour Party 6331:(est. 1919), socialist 6018:21 January–2 February 5625:5 November–5 December 5529: 5520: 5443:(MOPR, formed in 1922) 5411: 5322: 5313: 5269:World War II in Europe 5199:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 5097: 5066:Indian Communist Party 4960: 4944:Marxism and Philosophy 4869:German Communist Party 4837: 4682:French Communist Party 4649: 4637: 4604:proletarian revolution 4510:Socialist Labour Party 4440:(who would create the 4420:Norwegian Labour Party 4396:(who would create the 4092:Criticism of socialism 3044:Decentralized planning 2947:Peer‑to‑peer economics 2753:Victor L. Kibaltchitch 2686:failed coup in Estonia 2616: 2585:, Lenin published the 2505:'s surprise, even the 2473:had historically been 2436:Organizational history 2424:in the later years of 2084:French Communist Party 1994:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1303:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1218:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 265: 144:; 81 years ago 37:For the magazine, see 13650:André Marty Battalion 13329:Harry Wayland Randall 12705:São Tomé and Príncipe 12679:Polish Workers' Party 12177:Socialism WikiProject 11939:Léopold Sédar Senghor 11644:Cornelius Castoriadis 11510:Alfred Russel Wallace 11275:Nikolay Chernyshevsky 11240:Louis Auguste Blanqui 11200:Stephen Pearl Andrews 11029:Cooperative ownership 10550:Maoism–Third Worldism 9966:Intentional community 9102:Collective leadership 8917:Fascist International 8877:Alliance of Democrats 8837:Liberal International 8356:Riddell, John (ed.): 8265:Labour History Review 8243:Revolutionary History 8145:25.3 (1995): 409–429. 8003:online free to borrow 7977:6.2 (2017): 558–582. 7970:17.2 (2018): 176–184. 7912:Sexton, John (2018). 7182:Revolutionary History 6820:"Third International" 6402:Reunification efforts 6021:Moscow and Petrograd 5808:17 February–15 March 5628:Petrograd and Moscow 5591:Petrograd and Moscow 5524: 5515: 5441:International Red Aid 5401: 5382:in Moscow. Moreover, 5330:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5317: 5308: 5089: 5039:1930 federal election 5037:in Germany after the 5007:International Red Aid 4986:Opposition to fascism 4955: 4832: 4753:Fourth World Congress 4654:Twenty-one Conditions 4643: 4635: 4622:Second World Congress 4608:democratic centralism 4534:Left elements of the 4529:Socialist Labor Party 4458:Left-wing within the 2610: 2525:Zimmerwald Conference 2469:was formed by three. 2373:), also known as the 2104:Nepal Communist Party 1727:Nicaraguan Revolution 1363:Mengistu Haile Mariam 981:Democratic centralism 971:Collective leadership 719:National delimitation 694:Collective leadership 364:Democratic centralism 359:Collective leadership 259: 13768:History of socialism 13610:Eloy Paradinas Quero 13274:Paddy Roe McLaughlin 13124:Christopher Caudwell 13119:Edward A. Carter Jr. 13063:Washington Battalion 12973:Robert Hale Merriman 12202:Communism portal 12190:Socialism portal 12141:Socialism by country 11749:Pablo Iglesias Posse 11455:Henri de Saint-Simon 11410:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky 11064:Industrial democracy 10871:History of socialism 10866:History of communism 10861:History of anarchism 10072:Socialism portal 10060:Communism portal 9915:Criticism of Marxism 9905:Communist propaganda 9335:Fourth International 9325:Second International 9112:Communist revolution 9002:Vienna International 8947:Second International 8927:Fourth International 8573:Progressive Alliance 8319:online vol 1 1919–22 8260:17.2 (2019): e12521. 8043:14.14 (2018): 66–95. 8028:(Stanford UP, 1966). 7873:West, Nigel (2015). 7856:Sakmyster, Thomas L. 7577:Lawrence and Wishart 6654:Mirza Davud Huseynov 6568:(CPU), Karl Gailis ( 6516:), Boris Reinstein ( 6389:Democratic socialism 6368:Fourth International 6323:Second International 6306:(est. 1922) and the 5726:24 February–4 March 5661:17 July–1 September 5385:World Marxist Review 5222:Fourth International 5091:Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai 5009:(humanitarian aid), 4739:Third World Congress 4438:Belgian Labour Party 4242:Communism portal 4225:Socialism portal 2917:Industrial democracy 2867:Collective ownership 2625:Bolshevik Revolution 2575:Second International 2556:reformist right-wing 2552:moderate center-wing 2494:British Labour Party 2399:Second International 2327:Socialism portal 2303:Communism portal 1722:Black power movement 1692:Non-Aligned Movement 1063:Socialist patriotism 853:Socialism portal 841:Communism portal 164:Second International 13655:Dabrowski Battalion 13645:Garibaldi Battalion 13629:(Aug 1938–Feb 1939) 13605:(Oct 1937–Feb 1938) 13565:(Nov 1936–Feb 1937) 13483:Yugoslav volunteers 13415:Republican Congress 13395:Communist Party USA 12968:(Aug 1937–Mar 1938) 11944:George Bernard Shaw 11859:François Mitterrand 11774:Alexandra Kollontai 11754:Jayaprakash Narayan 11435:Constantin Pecqueur 11255:Philippe Buonarroti 11210:John Goodwyn Barmby 11109:Workplace democracy 11019:Calculation in kind 11009:Anarchist economics 10958:Socialist economics 10856:Equality of outcome 10796:Anarchist economics 10508:Ho Chi Minh Thought 10425:Orthodox Trotskyism 10381:Libertarian Marxism 10376:Left-libertarianism 10020:Socialist economics 9936:Anti anti-communism 9865:Red flag (politics) 9330:Third International 9320:First International 9147:Market abolitionism 9092:Class consciousness 8952:Third International 8922:First International 8887:Black International 8302:Davidson, Apollon, 8284:20.1 (2017): 43–60. 8207:Taber, Mike (ed.), 8186:Smith, S. A. (ed.) 8169:Priestland, David. 7990:Caballero, Manuel. 7671:Stalin. A biography 7569:Soviet Peace Policy 7532:Wolfgang Leonhard: 7429:(2007) pp. 173–174. 7382:(2007) pp. 164–173. 6642:Angelica Balabanoff 6584:), Gurgen Haikuni ( 6572:), Kazimir Gedris ( 6484:) K. Petin (CPGA), 6408:Fifth International 6329:Berne International 6317:Socialist and labor 6153:Anti-Comintern Pact 5636:5th World Congress 5511:Thomas L. Sakmyster 5372:Stalin's 1953 death 5326:World War II allies 5257:spheres of interest 5233:Anti-Comintern Pact 4917:New Economic Policy 4888:Spartacist uprising 4703:was established in 4599:What Is to Be Done? 4544:Communist Party USA 4542:, later formed the 4127:Market abolitionism 4112:Left-libertarianism 3049:Inclusive Democracy 3016:Workplace democracy 2862:Calculation in kind 2844:Socialist economics 2834:Revolutions of 1848 2761:bourgeois democracy 2757:Alexandra Kollontai 2749:Angelica Balabanoff 2732:Executive Committee 2724:Spartacist Uprising 2619:The victory of the 2579:February Revolution 2414:Executive Committee 2375:Third International 2315:Politics portal 2221:National Bolshevism 2211:Cult of personality 1747:Revolutions of 1989 1742:Naxalite insurgency 1732:Cultural Revolution 1618:Great Patriotic War 1473:Wojciech Jaruzelski 1433:Nur Muhammad Taraki 1140:Ho Chi Minh Thought 865:Politics portal 729:New Economic Policy 672:February Revolution 546:What Is to Be Done? 389:National liberation 18:Third International 13660:Thälmann Battalion 13570:Randolfo Pacciardi 13493:Yugoslav Partisans 13369:Robert G. Thompson 13099:James Walker Benét 13043:Dimitrov Battalion 12534:New Jewel Movement 12126:Marxist philosophy 12043:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 11869:Gamal Abdel Nasser 11824:Alasdair MacIntyre 11599:Simone de Beauvoir 11370:Ferdinand Lassalle 11137:Tommaso Campanella 11084:Production for use 11044:Economic democracy 10913:Mode of production 10903:Left-wing politics 10882:The Internationale 10570:Xi Jinping Thought 10040:Worker cooperative 9998:National communism 9971:Left-wing politics 9876:The Internationale 9228:Economic democracy 8842:Muslim Brotherhood 8471:The Internationale 8310:. 2 volumes, 2003. 8241:(Special issue of 8228:(Routledge, 2018). 8197:Studer, Brigitte. 8162:Melograni, Piero. 8124:Kennan, George F. 8121:64 (2017): 81–100. 8007:Chase, William J. 7983:Belogurova, Anna. 7369:(2009) pp. 124–125 7365:David Priestland, 7298:David Priestland, 7149:Lenin, V. (1906). 6984:Lenin: A Biography 6650:Mir Jafar Baghirov 6522:Christian Rakovsky 6100:. You can help by 5907:26 March–11 April 5679:25 July–21 August 5672:7th World Congress 5654:6th World Congress 5618:4th World Congress 5600:3rd World Congress 5581:2nd World Congress 5395:British historian 5284:Vyacheslav Molotov 5265:invasion of Poland 5098: 5052:had turned on the 4838: 4650: 4638: 4462:(later formed the 4407:(later formed the 4309:(later became the 4132:Marxist philosophy 2952:Production for use 2922:Input–output model 2887:Economic democracy 2741:Christian Rakovsky 2735:formed and Lenin, 2617: 2541:social chauvinists 1752:Nepalese Civil War 1712:Great Leap Forward 1640:Chinese Revolution 1313:Kaysone Phomvihane 1028:People's democracy 966:Collective farming 774:Anti-Leninist left 769:26 Baku Commissars 677:October Revolution 667:Russian Revolution 662:RSDLP (Bolsheviks) 487:Grigori Sokolnikov 409:Self-determination 300:Schools of thought 266: 13778:Far-left politics 13745: 13744: 13669:Political parties 13630: 13622: 13614: 13606: 13598: 13590: 13582: 13578:Carlo Penchienati 13574: 13566: 13511: 13510: 13478:Jewish volunteers 13388:Political parties 13309:Michael O'Riordan 13039: 13027:Lincoln Battalion 13022:British Battalion 12998: 12983: 12977: 12969: 12963: 12957: 12949: 12892: 12891: 12841: 12840: 12837: 12836: 12647: 12646: 12451: 12450: 12395: 12394: 12222: 12221: 12095:Socialist parties 12076: 12075: 11979:Ram Manohar Lohia 11919:Gaetano Salvemini 11714:Mikhail Gorbachev 11425:Antonie Pannekoek 11054:Equal opportunity 11049:Economic planning 10782: 10781: 10671:African-Caribbean 10659:Regional variants 10391:Council communism 10259:Saint-Simonianism 10080: 10079: 9860:Hammer and sickle 9351:Communist Parties 9167:Stateless society 9162:Social revolution 9127:Communist society 9097:Classless society 9034: 9033: 8912:E2D International 8865: 8864: 8800: 8799: 8018:20 (2020): 1–18. 7925:978-9-0042-8067-0 7886:978-1-4422-4957-8 7838:978-1-936274-89-5 7811:978-0-8265-1352-6 7784:978-1-136-33812-0 7696:978-0-691-22812-9 7395:(2011) pp. 88–89. 7323:978-1-893638-97-6 7285:978-3-531-15387-2 7174:New International 7008:Broue, P. (2006) 6995:Broue, P. (2006) 6956:978-0-905400-27-3 6931:978-1-85109-420-2 6904:978-1-893638-07-5 6877:978-1-78168-721-5 6802:978-0-19-507132-0 6767:978-0-231-51217-6 6735:978-90-04-24854-0 6708:978-1-78023-471-7 6652:(Azerbaijan) and 6486:Endre Rudnyánszky 6223:Spanish Civil War 6118: 6117: 6078: 6077: 5949: 5948: 5792:21 March–6 April 5693: 5692: 5588:19 July–7 August 5562:Founding Congress 5334:Winston Churchill 5213:. Among them was 5183:Wolfgang Leonhard 5155:Mikhail Trilisser 5103:Palmiro Togliatti 5060:and the Egyptian 4877:1923 insurrection 4713:Grigori Voitinsky 4589:communist parties 4403:Left-wing of the 4392:Left-wing of the 4375:(who founded the 4324:(in power during 4290: 4289: 4082:Communist society 4054:Socialist parties 3313:Saint-Simonianism 2902:Equal opportunity 2892:Economic planning 2829:French Revolution 2728:Russian Civil War 2696:Founding Congress 2642:Russian Civil War 2611:The Bolshevik by 2537:Socialism and War 2455:workers' movement 2363: 2362: 1702:Sino-Soviet split 1608:Spanish Civil War 1528:Guerrilla Warfare 1490:Theoretical works 1408:Władysław Gomułka 1388:Nicolae Ceaușescu 1338:Nikos Zachariadis 1258:Nikita Khrushchev 1238:Palmiro Togliatti 1008:Labor aristocracy 986:Dialectical logic 901: 900: 650:Prague Conference 529:Theoretical works 379:Labor aristocracy 254: 253: 178:Succeeded by 123:2 March 1919 68:General Secretary 16:(Redirected from 13835: 13628: 13620: 13612: 13604: 13596: 13594:François Bernard 13588: 13580: 13572: 13564: 13538: 13531: 13524: 13515: 13514: 13488:Irish volunteers 13284:Conlon Nancarrow 13169:Charles Donnelly 13094:Edward K. Barsky 13029: 13009: 12996: 12995: 12981: 12975: 12967: 12961: 12955: 12947: 12931: 12919: 12912: 12905: 12896: 12895: 12714: 12651: 12650: 12551: 12455: 12454: 12410: 12390: 12363: 12362: 12267: 12266: 12263: 12262: 12249: 12242: 12235: 12226: 12225: 12212: 12211: 12200: 12199: 12198: 12188: 12187: 12174: 12173: 12162: 12161: 12063:Yanis Varoufakis 12016: 11929:Jean-Paul Sartre 11914:Bertrand Russell 11889:Sylvia Pankhurst 11874:Jawaharlal Nehru 11744:Dolores Ibárruri 11709:Einar Gerhardsen 11689:Alexander Dubček 11639:Nikolai Bukharin 11549:Salvador Allende 11537: 11520:Wilhelm Weitling 11505:Suzanne Voilquin 11490:William Thompson 11480:Lysander Spooner 11440:Georgi Plekhanov 11430:Giovanni Pascoli 11395:Errico Malatesta 11390:Helen Macfarlane 11335:Alexander Herzen 11310:Friedrich Engels 11305:Prosper Enfantin 11300:W. E. B. Du Bois 11270:Edward Carpenter 11230:Eduard Bernstein 11193: 11176:Sylvain Maréchal 11154: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11089:Public ownership 11039:Direct democracy 11024:Common ownership 10988:Workers' council 10973:State capitalism 10888:Internationalism 10821:Critique of work 10801:Anti-revisionism 10483:Marxism–Leninism 10317:Left-wing market 10274: 10273: 10234:Social democracy 10117: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10084: 10083: 10070: 10069: 10058: 10057: 10056: 9961:Internationalism 9951:Communitarianism 9315:Communist League 9218:Common ownership 9187:World revolution 9137:Free association 9061: 9054: 9047: 9038: 9037: 8897:Communist League 8615:Marxist–Leninist 8588: 8587: 8538: 8537: 8520: 8513: 8506: 8497: 8496: 8441: 8433: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8342:Gruber, Helmut. 8313:Degras, Jane T. 8224:Valeva, Yelena. 8190:(2014), ch 10: " 8119:Historia Crítica 8077:Hallas, Duncan. 8011:(Yale UP, 2001). 7953: 7952: 7941:Social Scientist 7936: 7930: 7929: 7909: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7852: 7843: 7842: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7768: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7726: 7720: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7680: 7674: 7669:Robert Service, 7667: 7661: 7660: 7649: 7643: 7640:Eurokommunismus. 7636: 7630: 7629: 7595: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7574: 7565: 7556: 7550: 7543: 7537: 7530: 7524: 7516: 7510: 7503: 7497: 7486: 7480: 7462: 7456: 7451:Julian Jackson, 7449: 7443: 7436: 7430: 7425:Robert Service, 7423: 7417: 7402: 7396: 7389: 7383: 7378:Robert Service, 7376: 7370: 7363: 7357: 7350: 7344: 7334: 7328: 7327: 7309: 7303: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7271: 7265: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7232: 7226: 7216: 7210: 7199: 7193: 7168:1929, chapter 11 7161: 7155: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7080: 7074: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7047: 7038: 7032: 7026: 7019: 7013: 7006: 7000: 6993: 6987: 6980: 6974: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6832: 6830: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6785:Conquest, Robert 6781: 6775: 6774: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6692: 6675: 6663: 6657: 6614:Jaroslav Handlíř 6474:Georgy Chicherin 6438: 6432: 6425: 6269:United left wing 6113: 6110: 6092: 6085: 5956: 5955: 5952:Related meetings 5700: 5699: 5607:22 June–12 July 5541: 5540: 5501: 5500: 5491: 5464:(formed in 1927) 5437:(formed in 1920) 5289:non-intervention 5259:, which the two 5241:Nazi-Soviet Pact 5171:Nikolai Bukharin 5167:Grigory Zinoviev 5111:Dmitry Manuilsky 5015:Willi Münzenberg 5001:(trade unions), 4884:world revolution 4852:in his brochure 4850:Nikolai Bukharin 4795:Benito Mussolini 4616:world revolution 4577:Willi Münzenberg 4575:(represented by 4525:(United Kingdom) 4512:(United Kingdom) 4449:French socialist 4307:Spartacus League 4282: 4275: 4268: 4254:Organized Labour 4252: 4251: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4223: 4222: 4167:Workers' council 3804:Gracchi Brothers 3328:Social democracy 3071:Market socialism 3059:Project Cybersyn 2987:Soviet democracy 2972:Social ownership 2927:Internationalism 2907:Free association 2877:Common ownership 2793: 2770: 2769: 2745:Grigory Zinoviev 2562:, leader of the 2560:Ramsay MacDonald 2511:French Socialist 2479:internationalist 2355: 2348: 2341: 2325: 2324: 2313: 2312: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2258:State capitalism 1682:De-Stalinization 1463:Gennady Zyuganov 1443:Rohana Wijeweera 1298:Klement Gottwald 1293:Valko Chervenkov 1278:Lazar Kaganovich 954:Central planning 949:Anti-revisionism 944:Anti-imperialism 926: 916:Marxism–Leninism 903: 902: 893: 886: 879: 863: 862: 851: 850: 839: 838: 837: 816:Orthodox Marxism 621: 611: 601: 591: 581: 571: 561: 551: 541: 472:Grigory Zinoviev 457:Nikolai Bukharin 429:World revolution 419:Soviet democracy 354:Anti-imperialism 316:Marxism–Leninism 293: 283: 268: 267: 226:Marxism–Leninism 157:Preceded by 152: 150: 145: 142:15 May 1943 134: 133: 131: 126: 110:Nikolai Bukharin 100:Grigory Zinoviev 63: 47: 46: 21: 13843: 13842: 13838: 13837: 13836: 13834: 13833: 13832: 13748: 13747: 13746: 13741: 13700: 13664: 13633: 13626:Luis Rivas Amat 13618:Martino Martini 13550: 13542: 13512: 13507: 13451:Yankee Squadron 13429: 13383: 13374:Tom Wintringham 13359:Stephen Spender 13354:George Sossenko 13254:Maurice Levitas 13224:Robert Hilliard 13219:William Herrick 13149:Jock Cunningham 13114:Herman Bottcher 13067: 13036:Connolly Column 13010: 13001: 12989: 12980:Vladimir Ćopić 12966:Vladimir Ćopić 12933: 12929:Abraham Lincoln 12926: 12923: 12893: 12888: 12842: 12833: 12819: 12805: 12796: 12782: 12768: 12749: 12731: 12716: 12710: 12699: 12685: 12667: 12643: 12626: 12611: 12596: 12578: 12577: 12553: 12547: 12536: 12522: 12499: 12485: 12471: 12447: 12430: 12412: 12406: 12391: 12386: 12375: 12352: 12338: 12324: 12310: 12293: 12279: 12256: 12253: 12223: 12218: 12206: 12196: 12194: 12182: 12150: 12099: 12072: 12008: 11934:Arthur Scargill 11904:Pierre Renaudel 11724:Antonio Gramsci 11704:Muammar Gaddafi 11699:Faiz Ahmad Faiz 11694:Albert Einstein 11634:Aristide Briand 11624:Murray Bookchin 11619:Grace Lee Boggs 11604:Walter Benjamin 11574:Chiang Kai-shek 11554:Inejirō Asanuma 11529: 11500:Benjamin Tucker 11360:Peter Kropotkin 11340:Thomas Hodgskin 11315:Charles Fourier 11295:Théodore Dézamy 11245:Philippe Buchez 11205:Mikhail Bakunin 11185: 11161:Gracchus Babeuf 11146: 11113: 11094:Social dividend 10992: 10968:Socialist state 10933:Post-capitalism 10928:Planned economy 10923:Nationalization 10788: 10778: 10654: 10609: 10444: 10436: 10334:Insurrectionary 10280: 10272: 10138: 10131: 10118: 10113: 10111: 10081: 10076: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10044: 9919: 9888: 9846: 9768: 9390: 9339: 9301: 9237: 9208:Planned economy 9196: 9182:World communism 9157:Labour movement 9117:Communist state 9107:Communist party 9082:Anti-capitalism 9070: 9065: 9035: 9030: 9021: 8967:ICMPLO (Maoist) 8861: 8796: 8772:São Paulo Forum 8730: 8652: 8609: 8577: 8559: 8529: 8524: 8439: 8431: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8402: 8397: 8291: 8289:Primary sources 8258:History Compass 8253: 8248: 8138:(2nd ed. 1986). 8102:James, C. L. R. 7962: 7960:Further reading 7957: 7956: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7910: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7887: 7871: 7867: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7812: 7796: 7792: 7785: 7769: 7762: 7754: 7750: 7745: 7741: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7681: 7677: 7668: 7664: 7651: 7650: 7646: 7637: 7633: 7588: 7584: 7572: 7563: 7557: 7553: 7544: 7540: 7531: 7527: 7517: 7513: 7504: 7500: 7487: 7483: 7463: 7459: 7450: 7446: 7437: 7433: 7424: 7420: 7403: 7399: 7390: 7386: 7377: 7373: 7364: 7360: 7351: 7347: 7337:Duncan Hallas, 7335: 7331: 7324: 7310: 7306: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7272: 7268: 7263:Wayback Machine 7255: 7251: 7233: 7229: 7217: 7213: 7200: 7196: 7191:Wayback Machine 7162: 7158: 7148: 7144: 7136: 7132: 7117: 7113: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7067:Serge, Victor. 7066: 7062: 7049: 7048: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7020: 7016: 7007: 7003: 6994: 6990: 6981: 6977: 6968: 6964: 6957: 6943: 6939: 6932: 6916: 6912: 6905: 6889: 6885: 6878: 6862: 6858: 6845: 6841: 6828: 6826: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6803: 6795:. p. 399. 6782: 6778: 6768: 6760:. p. 408. 6750:Legvold, Robert 6747: 6743: 6736: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6678: 6664: 6660: 6618:Joseph Fineberg 6602:Zimmerwald Left 6598:Henri Guilbeaux 6594:Burhan Mansurov 6578:Hans Pöögelmann 6566:Serafima Gopner 6558:Mykola Skrypnyk 6542:Kullervo Manner 6526:Jozef Unszlicht 6478:Karl Steinhardt 6439: 6435: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6339:Austro-Marxists 6149: 6114: 6108: 6105: 6098:needs expansion 6083: 6035:10–15 February 5982:10–11 February 5954: 5698: 5696:Plenums of ECCI 5642:17 June–8 July 5539: 5534: 5482: 5476: 5416: 5397:Jonathan Haslam 5368:Josip Broz Tito 5349: 5275:and subsequent 5273:Soviet invasion 5249: 5229:Nazi government 5203:Leopold Trepper 5084: 5078: 5031:social fascists 5023: 4982:Communist front 4979: 4977:Communist front 4973: 4948:Georgi Dimitrov 4882:The dream of a 4827: 4822: 4780:Chiang Kai-shek 4761: 4755: 4747: 4741: 4646:Boris Kustodiev 4630: 4624: 4558:(United States) 4531:(United States) 4286: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4217: 4210: 4209: 4180: 4172: 4171: 4162:Socialist state 4157:Socialist Party 4102:Economic system 4067: 4059: 4058: 4044: 4034: 4033: 3799: 3791: 3790: 3371: 3363: 3362: 3178:Democratic road 3113: 3103: 3102: 3029: 3021: 3020: 2967:Social dividend 2957:Sharing economy 2857: 2849: 2848: 2819: 2811: 2712:Karl Liebknecht 2704: 2698: 2638: 2613:Boris Kustodiev 2605: 2583:Romanov Dynasty 2533:Zimmerwald Left 2463:Triple Alliance 2443: 2438: 2395:soviet republic 2383:world communism 2359: 2319: 2307: 2297: 2295: 2288: 2287: 2283:Totalitarianism 2263:State socialism 2193: 2170: 2162: 2161: 2137: 2129: 2128: 2034: 2026: 2025: 1765: 1757: 1756: 1625:Greek Civil War 1556: 1548: 1547: 1507: 1491: 1483: 1482: 1423:Mathieu Kérékou 1323:Leonid Brezhnev 1288:Bolesław Bierut 1283:Georgi Dimitrov 1268:Josip Broz Tito 1263:Walter Ulbricht 1193: 1185: 1184: 1125: 1117: 1116: 1018:One-party state 1003:under socialism 1002: 934: 897: 857: 845: 835: 833: 826: 825: 779:De-Leninization 764: 756: 755: 633: 625: 624: 619: 609: 599: 589: 579: 569: 559: 549: 539: 530: 522: 521: 507:Antonio Gramsci 442: 434: 433: 414:Socialist state 349: 341: 340: 326:Right communism 301: 281: 230: 173: 169:Zimmerwald Left 148: 146: 143: 129: 127: 124: 122: 114: 72:Georgi Dimitrov 54: 53: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13841: 13831: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13708: 13706: 13702: 13701: 13699: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13672: 13670: 13666: 13665: 13663: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13641: 13639: 13635: 13634: 13632: 13631: 13623: 13621:(Apr–Aug 1938) 13615: 13613:(Feb–Apr 1938) 13607: 13599: 13597:(Sep–Oct 1937) 13591: 13589:(Aug–Sep 1937) 13583: 13581:(Jul–Aug 1937) 13575: 13573:(Feb–Jul 1937) 13567: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13551: 13541: 13540: 13533: 13526: 13518: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13437: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13391: 13389: 13385: 13384: 13382: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13349:Alfred Sherman 13346: 13341: 13339:Esmond Romilly 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13239:Robert Klonsky 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13089:Bill Alexander 13086: 13081: 13075: 13073: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13024: 13018: 13016: 13012: 13011: 13004: 13002: 13000: 12999: 12997:(May–Sep 1938) 12984: 12982:(Apr–May 1938) 12978: 12976:(Mar–Apr 1938) 12970: 12964: 12962:(Jul–Aug 1937) 12958: 12956:(Feb–Jul 1937) 12953:Vladimir Ćopić 12950: 12948:(Jan–Feb 1937) 12941: 12939: 12935: 12934: 12922: 12921: 12914: 12907: 12899: 12890: 12889: 12887: 12886: 12883: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12839: 12838: 12835: 12834: 12829: 12827: 12821: 12820: 12813: 12811: 12798: 12797: 12792: 12790: 12784: 12783: 12778: 12776: 12770: 12769: 12759: 12757: 12751: 12750: 12741: 12739: 12733: 12732: 12726: 12724: 12718: 12717: 12709: 12707: 12701: 12700: 12695: 12693: 12687: 12686: 12677: 12675: 12669: 12668: 12661: 12659: 12648: 12645: 12644: 12636: 12634: 12628: 12627: 12621: 12619: 12613: 12612: 12606: 12604: 12598: 12597: 12590: 12588: 12580: 12579: 12576: 12575: 12570: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12555: 12554: 12546: 12544: 12538: 12537: 12532: 12530: 12524: 12523: 12509: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12495: 12493: 12487: 12486: 12481: 12479: 12477:Czechoslovakia 12473: 12472: 12465: 12463: 12452: 12449: 12448: 12440: 12438: 12432: 12431: 12424: 12422: 12414: 12413: 12405: 12403: 12397: 12396: 12393: 12392: 12385: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12371: 12369: 12360: 12354: 12353: 12348: 12346: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12332: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12318: 12312: 12311: 12303: 12301: 12295: 12294: 12289: 12287: 12281: 12280: 12275: 12273: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12252: 12251: 12244: 12237: 12229: 12220: 12219: 12217: 12216: 12204: 12192: 12180: 12168: 12155: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12107: 12105: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12097: 12092: 12086: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12023:Pedro Castillo 12019: 12017: 12010: 12009: 12007: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11964:E. P. Thompson 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11924:Bernie Sanders 11921: 11916: 11911: 11909:B. T. Ranadive 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11844:Adrien Marquet 11841: 11836: 11834:Nelson Mandela 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11814:Rosa Luxemburg 11811: 11806: 11804:Vladimir Lenin 11801: 11796: 11794:Henri Lefebvre 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11759:Russell Jacoby 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11739:Saddam Hussein 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11679:Eugene V. Debs 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11629:Bertolt Brecht 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11589:Henri Barbusse 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11564:Clement Attlee 11561: 11559:Hafez al-Assad 11556: 11551: 11546: 11540: 11538: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11485:Fred M. Taylor 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11415:William Morris 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11280:James Connolly 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11225:Edward Bellamy 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11196: 11194: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11166:Victor d'Hupay 11163: 11157: 11155: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11144: 11139: 11133: 11131: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11074:Labour voucher 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11000: 10998: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10841:Egalitarianism 10838: 10833: 10828: 10826:Class struggle 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10792: 10790: 10784: 10783: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10760: 10759: 10754: 10752:In one country 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10718: 10717: 10707: 10706: 10705: 10704: 10703: 10693: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10662: 10660: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10635: 10625: 10619: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10588: 10587: 10586: 10585: 10584: 10574: 10573: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10480: 10470: 10465: 10464: 10463: 10452: 10450: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10434: 10429: 10428: 10427: 10422: 10421: 10420: 10415: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10394: 10393: 10386:Left communism 10378: 10373: 10372: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10304: 10299: 10288: 10286: 10271: 10270: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10266: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10189: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10143: 10141: 10133: 10132: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10110: 10109: 10102: 10095: 10087: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10062: 10049: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10006: 10005: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9978: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9927: 9925: 9924:Related topics 9921: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9900:Anti-communism 9896: 9894: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9886: 9879: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9856: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9803: 9802: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9776: 9774: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9400: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9347: 9345: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9311: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9299: 9298: 9297: 9287: 9282: 9281: 9280: 9270: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9253: 9247: 9245: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9204: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9087:Class conflict 9084: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9071: 9064: 9063: 9056: 9049: 9041: 9032: 9031: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8873: 8871: 8867: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8596: 8594: 8592:Left communist 8585: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8569: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8557: 8552: 8546: 8544: 8535: 8531: 8530: 8523: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8488: 8479: 8467: 8460: 8452: 8444: 8443: 8442: 8426: 8410: 8409: 8401: 8400:External links 8398: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8330: 8311: 8300: 8295:Banac, I. ed. 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8278: 8268: 8261: 8252: 8251:Historiography 8249: 8247: 8246: 8236: 8229: 8222: 8214:Ulam, Adam B. 8212: 8205: 8201:(Verso, 2023) 8195: 8184: 8174: 8167: 8160: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8132: 8122: 8115: 8099: 8092: 8085:Hopkirk, Peter 8082: 8075: 8065: 8055: 8044: 8037: 8029: 8022: 8012: 8005: 7995: 7988: 7981: 7971: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7931: 7924: 7904: 7892: 7885: 7865: 7844: 7837: 7817: 7810: 7790: 7783: 7760: 7748: 7739: 7721: 7716:Soviet Studies 7702: 7695: 7675: 7662: 7644: 7631: 7598:Soviet Studies 7582: 7551: 7538: 7525: 7511: 7498: 7481: 7465:Duncan Hallas 7457: 7444: 7431: 7418: 7414:10.1086/380140 7397: 7391:Archie Brown, 7384: 7371: 7358: 7345: 7329: 7322: 7304: 7302:(2009) p. 124. 7291: 7284: 7266: 7249: 7227: 7211: 7194: 7156: 7142: 7130: 7119:Leon Trotsky. 7111: 7093: 7075: 7060: 7039: 7027: 7014: 7001: 6988: 6986:. p. 262. 6975: 6962: 6955: 6937: 6930: 6910: 6903: 6883: 6876: 6856: 6839: 6811: 6801: 6776: 6766: 6741: 6734: 6714: 6707: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6658: 6622:Jacques Sadoul 6610:V. V. Vorovsky 6590:Gustav Klinger 6546:O. V. Kuusinen 6450:Vladimir Lenin 6433: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6375: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6342: 6332: 6326: 6319: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6297: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6158:Bolshevization 6155: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6124: 6116: 6115: 6095: 6093: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6002: 6001:1–8 September 5999: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891:25–? February 5889: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5857:9–25 February 5855: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5478:Main article: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5415: 5412: 5392:in 1989–1991. 5348: 5345: 5328:(particularly 5320:International. 5248: 5245: 5237:anti-communist 5080:Main article: 5077: 5074: 5070:British Empire 5022: 5019: 4975:Main article: 4972: 4969: 4848:, detailed by 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4813:social fascism 4757:Main article: 4754: 4751: 4743:Main article: 4740: 4737: 4678:Tours Congress 4626:Main article: 4623: 4620: 4581: 4580: 4570: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4532: 4526: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4497: 4486: 4472: 4467: 4456: 4445: 4434: 4429: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4401: 4390: 4380: 4369: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4319: 4314: 4304: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4270: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4244: 4232: 4212: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4117:Libertarianism 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4066:Related topics 4065: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2937:Labour voucher 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2716:Rosa Luxemburg 2700:Main article: 2697: 2694: 2637: 2634: 2604: 2601: 2581:overthrew the 2503:Vladimir Lenin 2467:Triple Entente 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2403:Vladimir Lenin 2361: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2350: 2343: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2317: 2305: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2278:Third-Worldism 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2238: 2233: 2231:Post-communism 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2180:Anti-communism 2177: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2136:Related topics 2135: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1986: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1825:Czechoslovakia 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1418:Thomas Sankara 1415: 1410: 1405: 1403:Erich Honecker 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1353:Agostinho Neto 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1318:Khalid Bakdash 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1248:Võ Nguyên Giáp 1245: 1240: 1235: 1233:Maurice Thorez 1230: 1225: 1223:Ehmetjan Qasim 1220: 1215: 1213:Ernst Thälmann 1210: 1205: 1200: 1198:Vladimir Lenin 1194: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1060: 1055: 1053:Social fascism 1050: 1048:Self-criticism 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 962: 961: 951: 946: 941: 935: 932: 931: 928: 927: 919: 918: 912: 911: 899: 898: 896: 895: 888: 881: 873: 870: 869: 868: 867: 855: 843: 828: 827: 824: 823: 818: 813: 808: 807: 806: 804:Left communism 801: 796: 786: 781: 776: 771: 765: 763:Related topics 762: 761: 758: 757: 754: 753: 748: 743: 742: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 681: 680: 679: 674: 664: 659: 658: 657: 647: 646: 645: 634: 631: 630: 627: 626: 623: 622: 612: 602: 592: 582: 572: 562: 552: 542: 531: 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 497:Amadeo Bordiga 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 447:Vladimir Lenin 443: 440: 439: 436: 435: 432: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 384:Liquidationism 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 302: 299: 298: 295: 294: 286: 285: 277: 276: 252: 251: 248: 244: 243: 238: 232: 231: 229: 228: 223: 217: 215: 209: 208: 203: 197: 196: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 172: 171: 166: 160: 158: 154: 153: 140: 136: 135: 120: 116: 115: 113: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 85:Vladimir Lenin 81: 79: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 56: 55: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13840: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13755: 13753: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13703: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13667: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13627: 13624: 13619: 13616: 13611: 13608: 13603: 13602:Arturo Zanoni 13600: 13595: 13592: 13587: 13586:Nino Raimondi 13584: 13579: 13576: 13571: 13568: 13563: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13553: 13549: 13548: 13539: 13534: 13532: 13527: 13525: 13520: 13519: 13516: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13468: 13464: 13462: 13461:Jarama Valley 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13432: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13392: 13390: 13386: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13364:Wally Tapsell 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13314:Thomas Patten 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13304:John O'Reilly 13302: 13300: 13299:Paddy O'Daire 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13289:George Nathan 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13264:Matti Mattson 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13184:Frank Edwards 13182: 13180: 13179:Petar Drapšin 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13159:Peko Dapčević 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13144:John Cornford 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13079:William Aalto 13077: 13076: 13074: 13070: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13037: 13033: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13019: 13017: 13013: 13008: 12993: 12988: 12985: 12979: 12974: 12971: 12965: 12960:Klaus Becker 12959: 12954: 12951: 12946: 12943: 12942: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12930: 12920: 12915: 12913: 12908: 12906: 12901: 12900: 12897: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12845: 12832: 12828: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12817: 12812: 12810: 12809: 12803: 12802:North Vietnam 12799: 12795: 12791: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12777: 12775: 12771: 12766: 12762: 12758: 12756: 12752: 12748: 12744: 12740: 12738: 12734: 12729: 12725: 12723: 12719: 12713: 12708: 12706: 12702: 12698: 12694: 12692: 12688: 12684: 12680: 12676: 12674: 12670: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12658: 12657: 12652: 12649: 12641: 12640: 12635: 12633: 12629: 12624: 12620: 12618: 12614: 12609: 12605: 12603: 12599: 12595: 12594: 12589: 12587: 12586: 12581: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12556: 12550: 12545: 12543: 12542:Guinea-Bissau 12539: 12535: 12531: 12529: 12525: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12508: 12506: 12502: 12498: 12494: 12492: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12462: 12461: 12456: 12453: 12445: 12444: 12439: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12428: 12423: 12421: 12420: 12415: 12409: 12404: 12402: 12398: 12389: 12384: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12368: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12355: 12351: 12347: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12331: 12327: 12323: 12319: 12317: 12313: 12308: 12307: 12302: 12300: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12286: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12272: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12259: 12250: 12245: 12243: 12238: 12236: 12231: 12230: 12227: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12203: 12193: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12179: 12178: 12169: 12167: 12166: 12157: 12156: 12153: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12102: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12083: 12082:Organizations 12079: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12053:Lula da Silva 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12011: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11894:Fred Paterson 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11884:George Orwell 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11854:Salama Moussa 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11829:Nestor Makhno 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11809:György Lukács 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11799:Claude Lefort 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11734:Eric Hobsbawm 11732: 11730: 11729:Safdar Hashmi 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11664:Jeremy Corbyn 11662: 11660: 11659:G. D. H. Cole 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11579:Deng Xiaoping 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11541: 11539: 11532: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11515:Josiah Warren 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11495:Pyotr Tkachev 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11405:Louise Michel 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11385:Pierre Leroux 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11365:Paul Lafargue 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11265:Étienne Cabet 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11250:Georg Büchner 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11215:Enrico Barone 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11188: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11149: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11116: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10995: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10983:Welfare state 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10918:Nanosocialism 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10908:Mixed economy 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10883: 10879: 10877: 10876:Impossibilism 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10846:Equal liberty 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10785: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10716: 10715:Eurocommunism 10713: 10712: 10711: 10708: 10702: 10699: 10698: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10688: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10657: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10612: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10599: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10583: 10582:Neo-Stalinism 10580: 10579: 10578: 10575: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10535:Khrushchevism 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10485: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10457: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10443: 10442:Authoritarian 10439: 10433: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10410: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10392: 10389: 10388: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10329:Individualist 10327: 10325: 10322: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10309: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10279: 10275: 10265: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10224:Revolutionary 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10134: 10130: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10108: 10103: 10101: 10096: 10094: 10089: 10088: 10085: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10061: 10051: 10050: 10047: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10035:War communism 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9973: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9891: 9884: 9880: 9877: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9849: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9759:Moufawad-Paul 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344:Organisations 9342: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9296: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9279: 9276: 9275: 9274: 9271: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9062: 9057: 9055: 9050: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9039: 9029: 9024: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8868: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8812:Global Greens 8810: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8562: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8521: 8516: 8514: 8509: 8507: 8502: 8501: 8498: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8477: 8476:R. Palme Dutt 8473: 8472: 8468: 8466: 8465: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8445: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8430: 8427: 8421: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8341: 8339: 8338:online review 8335: 8331: 8328: 8327:vol 3 1929–43 8324: 8323:vol 2 1923–28 8320: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8298: 8294: 8293: 8283: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8272:Labor History 8269: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8254: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8234: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8193: 8192:The Comintern 8189: 8185: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8168: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8154: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8137: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8120: 8116: 8114: 8110: 8108: 8103: 8100: 8098:(2020): 227+. 8097: 8093: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8010: 8006: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7982: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7964: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7935: 7927: 7921: 7917: 7916: 7908: 7901: 7896: 7888: 7882: 7878: 7877: 7869: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7849: 7840: 7834: 7830: 7829: 7821: 7813: 7807: 7803: 7802: 7794: 7786: 7780: 7776: 7775: 7767: 7765: 7758: 7752: 7743: 7735: 7734:h-net.msu.edu 7731: 7725: 7718: 7717: 7712: 7709:Mark Kramer, 7706: 7698: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7679: 7672: 7666: 7658: 7654: 7648: 7641: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7594: 7586: 7578: 7571: 7570: 7562: 7555: 7548: 7542: 7535: 7529: 7523:. p. 298–301. 7522: 7521: 7515: 7508: 7502: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7468: 7467:The Comintern 7461: 7454: 7448: 7441: 7435: 7428: 7422: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7401: 7394: 7388: 7381: 7375: 7368: 7362: 7355: 7349: 7342: 7340: 7339:The Comintern 7333: 7325: 7319: 7315: 7308: 7301: 7295: 7287: 7281: 7277: 7270: 7264: 7260: 7257: 7253: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7236:Blunden, Andy 7231: 7224: 7221:pp. 275–276; 7220: 7215: 7208: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7177: 7175: 7169: 7167: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7146: 7139: 7134: 7126: 7122: 7115: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7072: 7071: 7064: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7044: 7036: 7031: 7024: 7018: 7011: 7005: 6998: 6992: 6985: 6979: 6972: 6966: 6958: 6952: 6948: 6941: 6933: 6927: 6923: 6922: 6914: 6906: 6900: 6896: 6895: 6887: 6879: 6873: 6869: 6868: 6860: 6852: 6851: 6843: 6836: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6773: 6769: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6737: 6731: 6727: 6726: 6718: 6710: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6646:Mustafa Suphi 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6626:S. J. Rutgers 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6510:Fritz Platten 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6494:Otto Grimlund 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6466:Joseph Stalin 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6442:Hugo Eberlein 6437: 6430: 6424: 6420: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6144: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6112: 6103: 6099: 6096:This section 6094: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5514: 5512: 5507: 5505: 5495: 5487: 5481: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5455:(Sportintern) 5454: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5410: 5407: 5400: 5398: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5356: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5341:Eric D. Weitz 5337: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5223: 5218: 5216: 5215:Hugo Eberlein 5212: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5191:Fritz Platten 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5127:Popular Front 5124: 5120: 5116: 5115:popular front 5112: 5108: 5107:Wilhelm Pieck 5104: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4990:popular front 4987: 4983: 4978: 4968: 4966: 4959: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4913:war communism 4910: 4906: 4905:March on Rome 4902: 4901:Biennio Rosso 4898: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4865:Vadim Rogovin 4861: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4836: 4831: 4825:Second Period 4817: 4815: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4791:March on Rome 4787: 4785: 4784:Joseph Stalin 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4766:In 1924, the 4764: 4760: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4699:In 1920, the 4697: 4695: 4692:in 1921, the 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4647: 4642: 4634: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4612:general staff 4609: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4523:shop stewards 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4283: 4278: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4243: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4185:Related lists 4183: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4142:Progressivism 4140: 4138: 4137:Nanosocialism 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4042:Organizations 4038: 4037: 4030: 4029:Ocasio-Cortez 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3949:van der Lubbe 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3486:Chernyshevsky 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3370:Intellectuals 3367: 3366: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3303:Revolutionary 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3238:Laissez-faire 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3143:Authoritarian 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2992:Strike action 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2897:Equal liberty 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2630:Paris Commune 2626: 2622: 2614: 2609: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2554:, and a more 2553: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2453:wings of the 2452: 2448: 2447:revolutionary 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2418:Joseph Stalin 2415: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2199:Mass killings 2197: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2185:Mass killings 2183: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2033:Organizations 2030: 2029: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1737:Prague Spring 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1479: 1478:Todor Zhivkov 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1453:Harry Pollitt 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1413:Samora Machel 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1378:Hardial Bains 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1328:Deng Xiaoping 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1273:Mátyás Rákosi 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1203:Joseph Stalin 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1160:Khrushchevism 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1113: 1112:Unified power 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1033:Popular front 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 960: 957: 956: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 936: 930: 929: 925: 921: 920: 917: 914: 913: 909: 905: 904: 894: 889: 887: 882: 880: 875: 874: 872: 871: 866: 861: 856: 854: 849: 844: 842: 832: 831: 830: 829: 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H. Tawney 11899:Karl Polanyi 11779:James Larkin 11649:Noam Chomsky 11375:Pyotr Lavrov 11355:Karl Kautsky 11350:Mother Jones 11330:Charles Hall 11320:Emma Goldman 11290:Claire Démar 11220:August Bebel 11014:Basic income 10522: 10398:Luxemburgism 10349:Neozapatismo 10297:Collectivist 10147:21st century 9946:Anti-fascism 9832:Soviet Union 9329: 9213:Gift economy 9172:Wage slavery 9017:Young Europe 8951: 8542:Conservative 8470: 8463: 8455: 8446: 8440:(in Russian) 8432:(in English) 8389: 8383: 8377: 8371: 8365: 8359: 8350: 8343: 8333: 8314: 8307: 8303: 8296: 8281: 8271: 8264: 8257: 8242: 8238: 8232: 8225: 8215: 8208: 8198: 8187: 8177: 8170: 8163: 8156: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8125: 8118: 8105: 8095: 8088: 8078: 8068: 8058: 8047: 8040: 8025: 8015: 8008: 7998: 7997:Carr, E. H. 7991: 7984: 7974: 7967: 7940: 7934: 7914: 7907: 7895: 7875: 7868: 7859: 7827: 7820: 7800: 7793: 7773: 7751: 7742: 7733: 7724: 7714: 7705: 7685: 7678: 7670: 7665: 7657:marxists.org 7656: 7647: 7639: 7634: 7604:(1): 18–19. 7601: 7597: 7585: 7568: 7554: 7546: 7541: 7533: 7528: 7518: 7514: 7506: 7501: 7489: 7484: 7472: 7466: 7460: 7455:(1990) p. x. 7452: 7447: 7439: 7434: 7426: 7421: 7405: 7400: 7392: 7387: 7379: 7374: 7366: 7361: 7353: 7352:Geoff Eley, 7348: 7338: 7332: 7313: 7307: 7299: 7294: 7275: 7269: 7252: 7244:marxists.org 7243: 7230: 7214: 7202: 7197: 7181: 7173: 7165: 7159: 7151: 7145: 7133: 7124: 7114: 7105: 7096: 7087: 7078: 7068: 7063: 7055:marxists.org 7054: 7030: 7022: 7017: 7009: 7004: 6996: 6991: 6983: 6978: 6970: 6965: 6946: 6940: 6920: 6913: 6893: 6886: 6866: 6859: 6849: 6842: 6834: 6827:. Retrieved 6814: 6806: 6788: 6779: 6771: 6753: 6744: 6724: 6717: 6698:Leon Trotsky 6697: 6690: 6671: 6661: 6458:Leon Trotsky 6436: 6429:Victor Serge 6423: 6143: 6106: 6102:adding to it 6097: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5508: 5493: 5483: 5417: 5402: 5394: 5390:Eastern Bloc 5383: 5380: 5360:Marshall Aid 5357: 5350: 5338: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5297: 5267:, beginning 5261:totalitarian 5250: 5226: 5219: 5208: 5179:Nazi Germany 5151: 5131:Manuel Azaña 5123:united front 5099: 5058:Swaraj Party 5043: 5027:Third Period 5024: 5021:Third Period 5005:(peasants), 4980: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4943: 4927: 4924:Georg Lukács 4921: 4909:Soviet Union 4894: 4881: 4873:Leon Trotsky 4862: 4857: 4853: 4839: 4811: 4788: 4765: 4762: 4748: 4698: 4671: 4659: 4651: 4644:Painting by 4597: 4594: 4582: 4567:Sen Katayama 4504:John Maclean 4492:(formed the 4478:(formed the 4386: 4291: 3198:Evolutionary 3118:21st-century 2912:Freed market 2737:Leon Trotsky 2705: 2665:March Action 2654: 2639: 2618: 2595:, where the 2588:April Theses 2586: 2572: 2545: 2536: 2531:war" as the 2522: 2491: 2444: 2426:World War II 2411: 2407:Leon Trotsky 2374: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2253:Second World 2043: 1967:Turkmenistan 1902:Soviet Union 1842:East Germany 1665:2002–present 1635:Eastern Bloc 1613:World War II 1561:Soviet Union 1438:Alfonso Cano 1393:Gustáv Husák 1383:Sanzō Nosaka 1348:Fidel Castro 1253:Earl Browder 1097:Third Period 799:Luxemburgism 745: 734:Soviet Union 643:2nd Congress 614: 604: 594: 584: 574: 564: 554: 544: 534: 477:Alexei Rykov 452:Leon Trotsky 191: 90:Leon Trotsky 39: 13547:"Garibaldi" 13269:Alex McDade 13234:Salaria Kea 13209:David Guest 13199:Hugh Garner 13194:Moe Fishman 13129:Lewis Clive 13109:Delmer Berg 12990: [ 12876:Warsaw Pact 12755:South Yemen 12656:North Korea 12271:Afghanistan 12058:Evo Morales 12048:Kim Jong Un 12028:Hugo Chávez 11999:Howard Zinn 11989:Cornel West 11984:H. 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Wells 11954:Sun Yat-sen 11789:Jack Layton 11764:Kim Jong-il 11719:Maxim Gorky 11669:Marcel Déat 11584:Jiang Zemin 11525:Oscar Wilde 11465:George Sand 11420:Robert Owen 11345:Jean Jaurès 11235:Louis Blanc 11142:Thomas More 11104:Technocracy 10978:Trade union 10948:Revisionism 10898:Land reform 10769:Third World 10696:Nationalist 10488:Brezhnevism 10461:Nechayevism 10403:Mao-Spontex 10369:Syndicalist 10359:Communalism 10354:Platformism 10307:Free-market 10278:Libertarian 10264:Technocracy 10214:Nationalist 10192:Syndicalism 10030:Trade union 9988:LGBT rights 9822:Philippines 9273:Pre-Marxist 9266:Libertarian 8982:Krestintern 8565:Progressive 7545:Radzinski, 7469:, chapter 6 7341:, chapter 5 6668:Great Purge 6550:Jukka Rahja 6534:Yrjö Sirola 6397:(est. 1951) 6341:(1921–1923) 5760:12–23 June 5513:describes: 5425:(1919–1943) 5293:World War I 5247:Dissolution 5175:Great Purge 5161:(later the 5137:, and with 5011:Sportintern 5003:Krestintern 4940:Karl Korsch 4835:Karl Kilbom 4715:arrived in 4453:syndicalist 4229:WikiProject 4107:French Left 3899:Spiridonova 3798:Politicians 3711:Castoriadis 3391:Saint-Simon 3343:Third World 3338:Syndicalism 3273:Nationalist 3248:Libertarian 3213:Free-market 3076:Lange model 3064:Soviet-type 3034:Communalism 3006:Vanguardism 2962:Spontaneism 2872:Cooperative 2818:Development 2722:during the 2677:Ruhr crisis 2529:imperialist 2514:Jean Jaurès 2483:proletariat 2459:World War I 2391:bourgeoisie 2236:Red fascism 1897:South Yemen 1877:North Korea 1770:Afghanistan 1697:Vietnam War 1687:Warsaw Pact 1603:Great Purge 1588:Great Break 1458:Harpal Brar 1398:János Kádár 1368:Kim Il Sung 1343:Che Guevara 1308:Enver Hoxha 1243:Ho Chi Minh 1102:Vanguardism 1023:Partiinost' 794:Libertarian 502:Ho Chi Minh 462:Lev Kamenev 424:Vanguardism 13752:Categories 13638:Battalions 13562:Máté Zalka 13555:Commanders 13344:Frank Ryan 13249:Laurie Lee 13244:Oliver Law 13229:Jack Jones 13204:John Gates 13154:Peter Daly 13015:Battalions 12938:Commanders 12825:Yugoslavia 12722:Seychelles 12632:Mozambique 12602:Madagascar 12401:Cape Verde 12165:Categories 12068:Xi Jinping 12004:J. Posadas 11684:John Dewey 11674:Guy Debord 11594:Jyoti Basu 11475:Eugène Sue 10789:and issues 10787:Key topics 10764:Sri Lankan 10737:Melanesian 10732:Indonesian 10681:Bolivarian 10603:Lassallism 10591:Tkachevism 10473:Bolshevism 10447:from above 10432:Third camp 10408:Trotskyism 10283:from below 10249:Icarianism 10244:Fourierism 10229:Scientific 10162:Democratic 10137:Schools of 9639:Berlinguer 9529:Khrushchev 8870:Historical 8658:Trotskyist 8486:Otto Rühle 6829:3 December 6682:References 6612:(RCP(b)), 6608:(RCP(b)), 6606:N. Osinsky 6554:Eino Rahja 6502:Emil Stang 6476:(RCP(b)), 6472:(RCP(b)), 6468:(RCP(b)), 6464:(RCP(b)), 6460:(RCP(b)), 6362:Trotskyist 6109:April 2022 6055:Frankfurt 5985:Amsterdam 5971:Delegates 5962:Year held 5874:3–19 July 5841:18–30 May 5743:7–11 June 5715:Delegates 5706:Year held 5594:167 + ~53 5569:2–6 March 5556:Delegates 5547:Year held 5537:Congresses 5509:Historian 5201:survived. 5062:Wafd Party 5050:Kuomintang 4999:Profintern 4896:squadristi 4841:Lenin died 4807:Karl Radek 4776:Kuomintang 4725:Chen Duxiu 4518:in Ireland 4301:Bolsheviks 4200:Socialists 4195:By country 4077:Capitalism 3959:Mitterrand 3924:Gerhardsen 3869:Liebknecht 3854:Markievicz 3781:Varoufakis 3731:Fotopoulos 3401:Saint-Just 3396:Buonarroti 3381:Campanella 3318:Scientific 3253:Marhaenism 3208:Fourierism 3193:Ecological 3173:Democratic 2597:Bolsheviks 2471:Socialists 2422:his allies 2157:Trotskyism 2142:Bolshevism 2009:Montenegro 1989:Yugoslavia 1977:Uzbekistan 1962:Tajikistan 1937:Kyrgyzstan 1932:Kazakhstan 1912:Azerbaijan 1872:Mozambique 1764:By country 1672:Korean War 1468:Xi Jinping 1428:Siad Barre 1358:Lúcio Lara 1208:Mao Zedong 821:Proletkult 811:Mensheviks 784:Jacobinism 714:Red Terror 655:Bolsheviks 374:Dual power 331:Trotskyism 306:Bolshevism 201:Youth wing 149:1943-05-15 130:1919-03-02 105:Karl Radek 42:(magazine) 13793:Stalinism 13758:Comintern 13503:Smith Act 13279:Kosta Nađ 13259:Yank Levy 13174:Bob Doyle 12866:Comintern 12861:Cominform 12116:Communism 12111:Anarchism 12038:Hu Jintao 11864:Imre Nagy 11654:M. N. Roy 11614:Léon Blum 11609:Tony Benn 11544:Tariq Ali 11400:Karl Marx 11004:Adhocracy 10943:Reformism 10831:Democracy 10701:Chiangist 10691:Communist 10638:communism 10633:anarchism 10628:Christian 10615:Religious 10577:Stalinism 10503:Guevarism 10493:Castroism 10468:Blanquism 10344:Mutualism 10302:Communist 10292:Anarchism 10219:Reformist 10187:Labourism 10157:Communist 10115:Socialism 10010:Red Scare 9893:Criticism 9773:By region 9754:Hatherley 9584:Althusser 9519:Togliatti 9469:Kollontai 9464:Luxemburg 9449:Pannekoek 9444:Malatesta 9439:Kropotkin 9295:Christian 9290:Religious 9285:Primitive 9251:Anarchist 9233:Use value 9201:Economics 9068:Communism 8671:FI (USFI) 8583:Socialist 8419:recording 8235:. (2008). 7618:0038-5859 7494:Hyderabad 7207:Hyderabad 7035:Stockholm 6982:Service. 6656:(Persia). 6352:Communist 6282:Anarchist 6228:Stalinism 6068:7–8 July 6038:Brussels 5968:Location 5929:38 + 136 5712:Location 5648:324 + 82 5631:340 + 48 5553:Location 5484:The OMS ( 5364:Cominform 5187:bourgeois 5139:Léon Blum 4997:(youth), 4782:in 1927, 4735:in 1921. 4721:Li Dazhao 4663:M. N. Roy 4455:movements 4387:Tesnyatsi 4072:Anarchism 3994:Gorbachev 3844:Malatesta 3839:Bernstein 3616:Pankhurst 3596:Pannekoek 3586:Luxemburg 3541:Plekhanov 3516:Carpenter 3511:Kropotkin 3308:Ricardian 3298:Religious 3293:Reformism 3278:Nkrumaism 3268:Municipal 3168:Communism 3163:Christian 3148:Blanquism 3138:Anarchism 3081:Mutualism 2783:Socialism 2720:Freikorps 2669:Paul Levi 2487:bourgeois 2451:reformist 2432:in 1947. 2430:Cominform 2401:in 1916. 2377:, was an 2371:Comintern 2241:Red Scare 2226:New class 2044:Comintern 2004:Macedonia 1947:Lithuania 1794:Cambodia 1660:1989–2002 1655:1976–1989 1650:1949–1976 1581:1982–1991 1576:1964–1982 1571:1953–1964 1566:1927–1953 1373:Chin Peng 1228:José Díaz 1175:Stalinism 1135:Guevarism 1130:Castroism 1085:Socialist 746:Comintern 699:Civil War 336:Workerism 321:Nkrumaism 311:Bordigism 221:Communism 188:Newspaper 182:Cominform 139:Dissolved 12617:Mongolia 12505:Ethiopia 12358:Cambodia 12330:Bulgaria 12136:Old Left 12131:New Left 12104:See also 12033:Bob Crow 11569:Aung San 10997:Concepts 10774:Yugoslav 10710:European 10623:Buddhist 10530:Kadarism 10518:Husakism 10513:Hoxhaism 10498:Ceaușism 10478:Leninism 10456:Barracks 10418:Posadism 10413:Pabloism 10339:Magonism 10172:Feminist 10152:Agrarian 9981:New Left 9976:Old Left 9870:Red star 9785:Colombia 9704:Gordillo 9679:Holloway 9624:Guattari 9594:Pasolini 9579:Hobsbawm 9564:Beauvoir 9524:Benjamin 9499:Bukharin 9489:Thälmann 9261:Leninist 9243:Variants 9075:Concepts 8111:(1937). 8071:(1971). 7949:26405282 7858:(2011). 7259:Archived 7187:Archived 7125:Marxists 7106:Marxists 6787:(1990). 6752:(2007). 6470:Bukharin 6462:Zinoviev 6147:See also 6071:Hamburg 5880:36 + 72 5863:44 + 48 5814:77 + 53 5575:34 + 18 5374:and the 5117:against 4932:Béla Kun 4816:theory. 4797:and his 4774:and the 4729:Shanghai 4709:Far East 4563:Yokohama 4482:and the 4444:in 1921) 4326:Béla Kun 4190:Category 3929:Erlander 3889:Kerensky 3859:Connolly 3716:Thompson 3701:Bookchin 3691:Montseny 3641:Vanzetti 3606:Einstein 3576:Landauer 3481:Saltykov 3476:Lassalle 3436:Proudhon 3218:Gandhian 3203:Feminist 3153:Buddhist 3133:Agrarian 3111:Variants 2775:a series 2773:Part of 2763:and the 2681:Red Army 2661:Béla Kun 2568:pacifism 2475:anti-war 2169:See also 2147:Leninism 2019:Slovenia 1917:Byelarus 1867:Mongolia 1847:Ethiopia 1835:Slovakia 1790:Bulgaria 1630:Cold War 1448:Gus Hall 1155:Kádárism 1150:Husakism 1145:Hoxhaism 1124:Variants 1073:Yugoslav 933:Concepts 908:a series 906:Part of 704:Red Army 348:Concepts 282:Leninism 273:a series 271:Part of 241:Far-left 213:Ideology 78:Founders 13705:Related 13434:Related 13030:(incl. 12856:Comecon 12808:Vietnam 12737:Somalia 12691:Romania 12639:FRELIMO 12559:Hungary 12528:Grenada 12285:Albania 11949:Sukarno 11849:Mao Dun 10742:Mexican 10727:Israeli 10686:Chinese 10666:African 10645:Islamic 10545:Dengism 10254:Owenism 10239:Utopian 10209:Marxian 10199:Liberal 10167:Ethical 10139:thought 10129:Outline 10125:History 10003:Romania 9852:Symbols 9842:Vietnam 9837:Sumatra 9780:Britain 9749:Prashad 9729:Graeber 9709:Gilmore 9694:Sankara 9684:Hampton 9619:Guevara 9569:Nkrumah 9549:Padmore 9509:Gramsci 9479:Trotsky 9454:Du Bois 9414:Meslier 9307:History 9278:Utopian 9256:Marxism 9122:Commune 8747:COPPPAL 8306:(eds.) 8173:(2010). 8091:(1984). 8061:(2006) 7088:Marxist 6556:(CPF), 6552:(CPF), 6548:(CPF), 6544:(CPF), 6304:IWA–AIT 6081:Bureaus 6074:17 + 3 5943:Moscow 5926:Moscow 5910:Moscow 5894:Moscow 5877:Moscow 5860:Moscow 5844:Moscow 5828:Moscow 5811:Moscow 5795:Moscow 5779:Moscow 5763:Moscow 5749:41 + 9 5746:Moscow 5729:Moscow 5682:Moscow 5664:Moscow 5645:Moscow 5610:Moscow 5572:Moscow 5486:Russian 5129:led by 5119:fascism 4915:to the 4892:fascist 4705:Siberia 4614:of the 4587:): the 4426:Denmark 4024:Sánchez 4009:Sankara 3969:Mandela 3954:Kreisky 3944:Allende 3939:Senghor 3934:Douglas 3919:Durruti 3884:Trotsky 3776:Graeber 3756:Hampton 3726:Chomsky 3671:Marcuse 3656:Gramsci 3646:Bordiga 3636:Polanyi 3591:Russell 3581:Berkman 3571:Goldman 3561:Du Bois 3531:Kautsky 3526:Bellamy 3491:Tolstoy 3466:Wallace 3451:Bakunin 3441:Greeley 3431:Blanqui 3411:Fourier 3358:Zionist 3348:Utopian 3288:Popular 3283:Owenism 3263:Marxism 3243:Liberal 3228:Islamic 3188:Ethical 3183:Digital 3158:Chinese 3123:African 2807:Outline 2802:History 2688:by the 2623:in the 2499:Balkans 2039:Comecon 1999:Croatia 1984:Vietnam 1972:Ukraine 1952:Moldova 1927:Georgia 1922:Estonia 1907:Armenia 1892:Somalia 1887:Romania 1857:Hungary 1852:Grenada 1830:Czechia 1803:1979–92 1798:1975–79 1775:Albania 1555:History 1333:Pol Pot 1180:Titoism 789:Marxism 632:History 147: ( 128: ( 119:Founded 13072:People 13034:& 12673:Poland 12299:Angola 11879:Ne Win 11819:Lu Xun 11119:People 10747:Soviet 10722:Indian 10650:Jewish 10540:Maoism 10364:Social 10204:Market 9827:Poland 9800:Kerala 9790:France 9744:Fisher 9739:Kelley 9734:Lordon 9714:Marcos 9699:Öcalan 9664:Newton 9654:Badiou 9649:Guzmán 9629:Debord 9614:Berger 9609:Castro 9599:Mandel 9589:Freire 9554:Sartre 9494:Makhno 9484:Lukács 9474:Stalin 9434:Morris 9429:Engels 9419:Babeuf 9404:Mazdak 9396:People 8701:IWL-FI 8681:ICL-FI 8534:Active 8478:, 1964 8304:et al. 8276:online 8220:online 8182:online 8130:online 8113:online 8073:online 8063:online 8052:online 8034:online 8020:online 7979:online 7947: 7922: 7883: 7835: 7808: 7781: 7757:online 7693: 7626:149096 7624: 7616: 7549:, 1997 7547:Stalin 7412: 7320: 7282: 6953: 6928: 6901: 6874: 6799: 6764: 6732: 6705: 6384:(ICFI) 6007:1,891 5965:Dates 5959:Event 5709:Dates 5703:Event 5550:Dates 5544:Event 5304:Allies 5279:. 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