Leninism - Knowledge

3247: 3540: 3487:. The soviets comprised representative committees from the factories and the trade unions but excluded the capitalist social class to establish a proletarian government by and for the working class and the peasants. Concerning the political disenfranchisement of the capitalist social class in Bolshevik Russia, Lenin said that "depriving the exploiters of the franchise is a purely Russian question, and not a question of the dictatorship of the proletariat, in general. ... In which countries ...democracy for the exploiters will be, in one or another form, restricted ...is a question of the specific national features of this or that capitalism." In chapter five of 4517: 4993: 3459: 10904: 4201: 9716: 2998: 622: 918: 646: 10916: 77: 5025:“enemies of the party", "had worked with Lenin during his life”. He also contrasted the “severe methods” used by Lenin in the “most necessary cases” as a “struggle for survival” during the Civil War with the extreme methods and mass repressions used by Stalin even when the Revolution was “already victorious”. In his memoirs, Khrushchev argued that Stalin's widespread purges of the "most advanced nucleus of people" among the 33: 9728: 3022: 634: 4871: 3010: 3233:—Uneven economic and political development is an absolute law of capitalism. Hence the victory of socialism is possible, first in several, or even in one capitalist country taken separately. The victorious proletariat of that country, having expropriated the capitalists and organised its own socialist production, would stand up against the rest of the world, the capitalist world. 4909:, argue that "one could list the various measures carried out by Stalin that were actually a continuation of anti-democratic trends and measures implemented under Lenin", but that "in so many ways, Stalin acted, not in line with Lenin's clear instructions, but in defiance of them." In doing so, some historians have tried to distance Stalinism from Leninism to undermine the 3270:

groups or types of bourgeoisie within the various countries, and also by taking advantage of any, even the smallest, opportunity of winning a mass ally, even though this ally is temporary, vacillating, unstable, unreliable and conditional. Those who do not understand this reveal a failure to understand even the smallest grain of Marxism, of modern

7550:"While Trotsky was strongly biased toward industrial development, there is little basis to suppose that he would have adopted Stalin’s forcible collectivization, slapdash economic planning, anti expert campaigns, or cultural know-nothingism. Neither Trotsky nor Bukharin would have pursued anything like Stalin’s pseudo-revolutionary “ 3246: 3315:

understanding the lines of march, the conditions, and the ultimate general results of the proletarian movement. The immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all other proletarian parties: Formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat.

3353:(1902), Lenin said that a revolutionary vanguard party, recruited from the working class, should lead the political campaign because only in that way would the proletariat successfully realise their revolution; unlike the economic campaign of trade-union-struggle advocated by other socialist political parties and the 3511:, a form of government opposite to the dictatorship of capital (privately owned means of production) practised in bourgeois democracies. Under soviet constitutionalism, the Leninist vanguard party would be one of many political parties competing for election to government power. Nevertheless, because of the 5233:) is today the basis of party activity. The party follows revolutionary tradition and experiences in this work during these periods of revolutionary reflux and the proliferation of opportunist theories, which had as their violent and inflexible opponents Marx, Engels, Lenin, and the Italian Left." In 4356:

othing holds up the development and strengthening of proletarian class solidarity so much as national injustice; "offended" nationals are not sensitive to anything, so much as to the feeling of equality, and the violation of this equality, if only through negligence or jest – to the violation of that

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We fight against the privileges and violence of the oppressor nation, and do not in any way condone strivings for privileges on the part of the oppressed nation. :... The bourgeois nationalism of any oppressed nation has a general democratic content that is directed against oppression, and it is

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the organisation of the vanguard of the oppressed as the ruling class for the purpose of crushing the oppressors. ... An immense expansion of democracy, which, for the first time, becomes democracy for the poor, democracy for the people, and not democracy for the rich ... and suppression by

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stated that "Under Lenin, the freedom to express a real variety of opinions existed in the party, and in carrying out political decisions, consideration was given to the positions of not only the majority, but a minority in the party". He compared this practice with subsequent leadership blocs which

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Conversely, Trotsky held that socialism in one country would economically constrain the industrial development of the Soviet Union and thus required assistance from the new socialist countries in the developed world—which was essential for maintaining soviet democracy—in 1924, much undermined by the

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determined the nature of political power in Russia. As epitomised in the slogan "For a Democratic Dictatorship of the Proletariat and Peasantry", a proletarian revolution in underdeveloped Russia required a united proletariat (peasants and industrial workers) to assume government power in the cities

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The Communists, therefore, are, on the one hand, practically the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country, that section which pushes forward all others; on the other hand, theoretically, they have over the great mass of the proletariat the advantage of clearly

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of workers and peasants could not occur in capitalist countries whilst the imperialist global-finance system remained in place. The first proletarian revolution would have to occur in an underdeveloped country, such as Imperial Russia, the politically weakest country in the capitalist global-finance

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which relied on personal persuasion and recommended the removal of Stalin from the position of General Secretary. Khrushchev contrasted this with the “despotism” of Stalin which require absolute submission to his position and he also highlighted that many of the people who were later annihilated as

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in the countryside and destroying them as a social class. Initially, the Stalinists also rejected the national industrialisation of Russia but then pursued it in full, sometimes brutally. In both cases, the Left Opposition denounced the regressive nature of Stalin's policy towards the wealthy kulak

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The more powerful enemy can be vanquished only by exerting the utmost effort, and by the most thorough, careful, attentive, skillful and obligatory use of any, even the smallest, rift between the enemies, any conflict of interests among the bourgeoisie of the various countries and among the various

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To that end followed proposals reducing the administrative powers of party posts to reduce bureaucratic influence upon the policies of the Communist Party. Lenin advised Trotsky to emphasise Stalin's recent bureaucratic alignment in such matters (e.g. undermining the anti-bureaucratic workers' and

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that the capitalist ruling class manipulates in order to divide the working classes and the peasant classes politically. To overcome that barrier to establishing socialism, Lenin said that acknowledging nationalism, as a people's right of self-determination and right of secession, naturally would

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Of course, the application of this principle in practice will sometimes give rise to disputes and misunderstandings; but only on the basis of this principle can all disputes and all misunderstandings be settled honourably for the Party. ... The principle of democratic centralism and autonomy for

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vanguard party; wherein free political speech was recognised as legitimate until policy consensus; afterwards, every member of the party was expected to abide by the agreed policy. Democratic debate was Bolshevik practice, even after Lenin banned factions among the Party in 1921. Despite being a

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A similar analysis is present in more recent works such as those of Graeme Gill, who argues that " not a natural flow-on of earlier developments; sharp break resulting from conscious decisions by leading political actors." However, Gill notes that "difficulties with the use of the term reflect

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régimes and establish socialist democracies that would not pass through a capitalist stage of development and government. Hence, revolutionary workers should ally politically with peasant political organisations, not capitalist political parties. In contrast, Stalin and his allies proposed that

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Civil War. The NEP nationalisation of the economy then would facilitate the industrialisation of Russia, politically strengthen the working class, and raise the standards of living for all Russians. Lenin said that the appearance of new socialist states was necessary for strengthening Russia's

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in general. Those who have not proved in practice, over a fairly considerable period of time and in fairly varied political situations, their ability to apply this truth in practice have not yet learned to help the revolutionary class in its struggle to emancipate all toiling humanity from the

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The Bolshevik government nationalised industry and established a foreign-trade monopoly to allow the productive coordination of the national economy and so prevent Russian national industries from competing against each other. To feed the populaces of town and country, Lenin instituted

4264:(NEP, 1921–1929) allowed limited local capitalism (private commerce and internal free trade) and replaced grain requisitions with an agricultural tax managed by state banks. The NEP was meant to resolve food-shortage riots by the peasantry and allowed limited private enterprise; the 4798:

and other Bolshevik leaders. Liebman also argued that the banning of parties under Lenin did not have the same repressive character as later bans enforced under the Stalinist regime. Several scholars have highlighted the socially progressive nature of Lenin's policies such as

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counter-revolution, the Bolshevik government banned all other political parties, which left the Leninist vanguard party as the only political party in Russia. Lenin said that such political suppression was not philosophically inherent to the dictatorship of the proletariat.

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peasants' Inspection) and argued to depose Stalin as General Secretary. Despite advice to refuse "any rotten compromise", he did not heed Lenin's advice and General Secretary Stalin retained power over the Communist Party and the bureaucracy of the Soviet government.

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Some scholars have had a differing view and attributed the establishment of the one-party system in the Soviet Union to the wartime conditions imposed on Lenin's government and others have highlighted the initial attempts to form a coalition government with the

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of the opposing faction. Until shortly before his death, Lenin countered Stalin's disproportionate political influence in the Communist Party and the bureaucracy of the Soviet government, partly because of abuses he had committed against the populace of

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local Party organisations implies universal and full freedom to criticise, so long as this does not disturb the unity of a definite action; it rules out all criticism which disrupts or makes difficult the unity of an action decided on by the Party.

4539:. Lenin himself never mentioned the concept of "Trotskyism" after Trotsky became a member of the Bolshevik party but the term was employed by Stalin and the troika to present Trotsky's views as factional and anathematical to Leninist thought. 3361:

for increased wages and work concessions) that featured diffused plural leadership; and the "political campaign" (socialist changes to society), which required the decisive, revolutionary leadership of the Bolshevik vanguard party.

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and then by himself) and so determined soviet government policy from 1924 onwards. The ruling blocs continually denied Stalin's opponents the right to organise as an opposition faction within the party—thus, the reinstatement of

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Some Marxist theoreticians have disputed the view that the Stalinist dictatorship was a natural outgrowth of the Bolsheviks' actions as most of the original central committee members from 1917 were later eliminated by Stalin.

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have been held by some scholars as representing political alternatives to Stalinism despite their shared beliefs in Leninism due to their policy platforms which were at variance with Stalin. This ranged from areas related to

6453: 4977:, whilst critical of the Soviet era, acknowledge that Lenin had actively sought to counter the growing influence of Stalin through a number of actions such as his alliance with Trotsky in 1922–23, opposition to Stalin on 4839:

which had been criticized by Lenin as expressions of "Great Russian chauvinism". Daniels also regarded Stalinism to represent an abrupt break with the Leninist period in terms of economic policies in which a deliberated,

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notes that "institutionally and ideologically Lenin laid the foundations for a Stalin ... but the passage from Leninism to the worse terrors of Stalinism was not smooth and inevitable." Historian and Stalin biographer

3159:(7–8 November 1917), Lenin proposed that the Russian revolution was not an isolated national event but a fundamentally international event—the first socialist revolution in the world. Lenin's practical application of 6423: 4474:. Lenin warned the Party that Stalin had "unlimited authority concentrated in his hands, and I am not sure whether he will always be capable of using that authority with sufficient caution" and formed a faction with 5149:

estates to the peasant communes; and the right of self-determination of every national people of the Russias. That the strategic (geopolitical) mistakes of the Bolsheviks would create significant dangers for the

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this content that we unconditionally support. At the same time, we strictly distinguish it from the tendency towards national exclusiveness. ... Can a nation be free if it oppresses other nations? It cannot.

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Concerning the disenfranchisement from democracy of the capitalist social class, Lenin said: "Democracy for the vast majority of the people, and suppression by force, i.e. exclusion from democracy, of the

5164:(1920), Lenin dismissed the political and ideological complaints of the anti-Bolshevik critics, who claimed ideologically correct stances that were to the political left of Lenin. In Marxist philosophy, 5307:(PAP) featured internal democracy and initiated single-party dominance in the government and politics of Singapore. In the event, the practical application of Maoism to the socio-economic conditions of 5295:

revolution of Leninism became the ideological basis of the communist parties in the socialist political spectrum. In the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party organised itself with

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force, i.e. exclusion from democracy, for the exploiters and oppressors of the people—this is the change which democracy undergoes during the 'transition' from capitalism to communism.

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and oppressors of the people—this is the change democracy undergoes during the transition from capitalism to communism." The dictatorship of the proletariat was effected with soviet

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due to a number of reasons. They cited the outdated voter-rolls which did not acknowledge the split among the Socialist Revolutionary party and the assemblies conflict with the

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tradition, begun by the Dutch-German leftists, also is critical of Leninism. Contemporary left-communist organisations, such as the Internationalist Communist Tendency and the

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says that, on being faced with the evidence, "only the blind and the deaf could be unaware of the contrast between Stalinism and Leninism." According to Stalin's secretary,

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encouraged farmers to produce the crops required to feed town and country; and to economically re-establish the urban working class, who had lost many workers to fight the

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guiding political influence, Lenin did not exercise absolute power and continually debated to have his points of view accepted as a course of revolutionary action. In

428: 5975:(1965) . "The New Economic Policy and the Tasks of the Political Education Departments. Report to the Second All-Russia Congress of Political Education Departments". 4607:

alliances with capitalist political parties were essential to realising a revolution where communists were too few. Said Stalinist practice failed, especially in the

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social class and the brutality of forced industrialisation. Trotsky described Stalinist vacillation as a symptom of the undemocratic nature of a ruling bureaucracy.

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in a predominantly agrarian society. Moreover, because industrialisation was financed chiefly with foreign capital, Imperial Russia did not possess a revolutionary

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as "the most advanced and resolute section of the working class parties of every country; that section which pushes forward all others." As the vanguard party, the

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problems with the concept of Stalinism itself. The major difficulty is a lack of agreement about what should constitute Stalinism." Revisionist historians such as

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After Lenin's death (21 January 1924), Trotsky ideologically battled the influence of Stalin, who formed ruling blocs within the Russian Communist Party (with

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which was constructed around Stalin whereas Lenin stressed “the role of the people as the creator of history”. He also emphasized that Lenin favored a

4680:, expulsions, exile (internal and external), and imprisonment. The anti-Trotsky campaign culminated in the executions (official and unofficial) of the 3625: 6893: 3167:

to the social, political, and economic conditions of agrarian Russia motivated and impelled the "revolutionary nationalism of the poor" to depose the

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have criticized the focus on the upper levels of society and the use of Cold War concepts such as totalitarianism, obscuring the system's reality.

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This article is about political theory developed originally by Lenin. For the political theory and state ideology developed by Joseph Stalin, see

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with a slightly higher standard of living than most workers, ensuring peaceful labour–capital relations in the capitalist homeland. Therefore, a

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was a cultural obstacle to establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat in every territory of the deposed Russian Empire (1721–1917). In

939: 853:, Leninism originally was neither a proper philosophy nor a discrete political theory. Leninism comprises politico-economic developments of 9818: 5713: 5312: 4783: 4672:

During the 1920s and the 1930s, Stalin fought and defeated the political influence of Trotsky and the Trotskyists in Russia using slander,

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said that Stalinism was the logical development of Leninism and not an ideological deviation from Lenin's policies, which resulted in

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as evidence that he intended Trotsky to be his successor as head of government. In his biography of Trotsky, Polish-British historian

3310:(1848), Marx and Engels present the communist party as the political vanguard solely qualified to lead the proletariat in revolution: 10582: 10477: 10349: 10135: 9046: 8980: 7828: 7738: 5336: 5330: 5158:

that would arise to administrate the large country that was Bolshevik Russia. In defence of the expedient revolutionary practice, in

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view that the negative facets of Stalin were inherent in communism from the start. Critics include anti-Stalinist communists such as

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Until exiled from Russia in 1929, Trotsky developed and led the Left Opposition (and the later Joint Opposition) with members of the

3581: 3052: 524: 504: 479: 7907: 7554:” foreign policy and his connivance in the advent of Hitler, another product of his political manoeuvring against the Bukharinists". 7222: 10487: 10404: 10297: 9492: 8797: 8629: 7711: 6260: 4795: 4158: 4123: 3853: 3591: 10950: 10427: 10234: 10101: 9440: 6947: 6920: 5172:'s ideology as the revolutionary vanguard. Ideologically, left communists present their perspectives and approaches as authentic 4656:

The Trotskyist demands countered Stalin's political dominance of the Communist Party, which was officially characterised by the "

4173: 4163: 3833: 3682: 802:(1921–1928) – the revolutionary régime suppressed most political opposition, including Marxists who opposed Lenin's actions, the 321: 3453: 719: 10125: 9970: 9041: 5300: 5017: 3907: 3749: 1878: 1860: 1289: 423: 4211: 889:'s vocabulary and doctrine around 1922, and in January 1923, despite objections from Lenin, it entered the public vocabulary. 10612: 10113: 10079: 10067: 10062: 9953: 9616: 8533: 8359: 7571: 7535: 7498: 7440: 7387: 7341: 7288: 7257: 7232: 7175: 7148: 7121: 7094: 7032: 6957: 6930: 6903: 6873: 6829: 6802: 6772: 6747: 6703: 6530: 6503: 6366: 6324: 6297: 6270: 6243: 5530: 5377: 4778:, Lenin's wartime measures such as banning opposition parties was prompted by the fact that several political parties either 4224: 2773: 2700: 1149: 10539: 7860: 7504: 7084: 5852: 2250: 10649: 10417: 9026: 7947: 7801: 7446: 7111: 7018: 4713:

as the natural consequence of Leninism, that Stalin "faithfully implemented Lenin's domestic and foreign policy programs".

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abides Bordiga's strict Leninism. Ideologically aligned with the Dutch-German left, among the ideologists of contemporary

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said that the proletarian leadership of the revolution would ensure truly socialist and democratic socio-economic change.

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upon Russia's economic foundations (and support socialist revolutions elsewhere). In a 1936 interview with journalist

10829: 10780: 10713: 10524: 10252: 9854: 9758: 9570: 8507: 8409: 8381: 8325: 8300: 8274: 8248: 8225: 8199: 6670: 5564: 4917:, who pointed out that Lenin attempted to persuade the Russian Communist Party to remove Stalin from his post as its 3890: 3586: 1518: 1174: 1124: 341: 10859: 10847: 10671: 10661: 10617: 10432: 10108: 10057: 9940: 9591: 9021: 7660:

Ojeili, Chamsy (2001). "The 'Advance Without Authority': Post-modernism, Libertarian Socialism and Intellectuals".

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stated that the development of the socialist workers' culture should not be "hamstrung from above" and opposed the

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The role of the Leninist vanguard party was to politically educate the workers and peasants to dispel the societal

4143: 4079: 3902: 3776: 3483:(elected councils of workers), which Lenin said was the "democratic dictatorship of the proletariat" postulated in 3075: 2831: 2778: 1443: 1089: 536: 7358: 5367: 5245:, view Lenin as an essential and influential theorist but remain critical of Leninism as political praxis for the 10864: 10852: 10708: 10693: 10607: 10509: 10091: 9911: 9031: 8852: 8549: 8482: 5467: 5242: 5220: 5058: 4568: 4013: 3722: 3324: 3111: 2285: 1835: 1533: 1411: 1114: 1014: 969: 9364: 6846: 4459:

and partly because the autocratic Stalin had accumulated administrative power disproportionate to his office of

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Speeches Delivered at the Fifth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, September-October, 1950

6206: 6074:(1972) . "The Right of Nations to Self-determination, Chapter 4: 4. "Practicality" in The National Question". 4645:, the scholarly consensus was that Stalin appropriated the position of the Left Opposition on such matters as 1433: 865:

agrarian society of Imperial Russia in the early 20th century. As a political-science term, Lenin's theory of

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government and then transfer government power to the working class; that change of the ruling class—from the

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The Crimes Of The Stalin Era, Special Report To The 20th Congress Of The Communist Party Of The Soviet Union

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argued the Bolshevik-Left Socialist Revolutionary coalition government dissolved the democratically elected

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exploiters. And this applies equally to the period before and after the proletariat has won political power.

10472: 10147: 10042: 9843: 9751: 9685: 9601: 9543: 9482: 8903: 8812: 7003: 5818: 5138: 5054: 4637:, the expansion of democratic centralism in the Communist Party, national industrialisation, international 4099: 3531: 3230: 2255: 2135: 1309: 1224: 1069: 783: 771:, which sanctioned political commitment to the successful overthrow of capitalism, and then to instituting 179: 8649: 5012:, Stalin's successor, argued that Stalin's regime differed profusely from the leadership of Lenin in his " 4590:

and stated that “We never had such plans and intentions” and that “The export of revolution is nonsense”.

917: 10970: 10753: 10735: 10501: 10359: 10320: 10287: 9977: 9965: 9881: 9783: 9621: 9339: 8837: 8599: 6550: 6520: 5341: 4953:, Stalin was jubilant over Lenin's death while “publicly putting on the mask of grief”. French historian 4516: 4068: 4028: 4003: 3843: 2763: 2565: 2035: 1169: 1094: 989: 862: 742:, and revolution. The function of the Leninist vanguard party is to provide the working classes with the 775:; and, as the revolutionary national government, to realise the socio-economic transition by all means. 10955: 10748: 10725: 10698: 7974: 7693: 7482: 7274: 6111: 4714: 4317: 4089: 3539: 2535: 2510: 2435: 1798: 1596: 1039: 861:

synthesis for practical application to the actual conditions (political, social, economic) of the post-

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Trotsky: a biographer's problems. In The Trotsky reappraisal. Brotherstone, Terence; Dukes, Paul,(eds)

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remained Leninist. Bordiga said: "All this work of demolishing opportunism and 'deviationism' (Lenin:

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with political and economic influence upon the workers and the peasants, as had been the case in the

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Stalin: The First In-depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia's Secret Archives

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believes that Stalin was a genuine follower of Lenin, exactly as he claimed himself. Proponents of

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economy in establishing Russian socialism. Lenin's socio-economic perspective was supported by the

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of 1936–1938. According to Rogovin, 80-90% of the members of the Central Committee elected at the

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As a form of Marxism, revolutionary Leninism was criticised as an undemocratic interpretation of

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had been replaced with a hasty version of planning with unrealistic targets, bureaucratic waste,

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in 1921, a move that enabled Stalin to get rid of his rivals easily after Lenin's death and cite

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is a range of left-wing political perspectives among communists. Left communism criticizes the

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also viewed the Stalinist period as a counter-revolution in Soviet cultural life which revived

4824: 4630: 4451: 4382: 3504: 3420: 3357:. Like Marx, Lenin distinguished between the aspects of a revolution, the "economic campaign" ( 3218: 3206: 3164: 3095:, a workers' revolution first would occur in the industrialised countries. In Germany, Marxist 2861: 2185: 1591: 1523: 1513: 1501: 866: 6695: 3380:(IWA, International Workingmen's Association, 1864–1876), Lenin organised the Bolsheviks as a 10919: 9891: 9626: 9445: 8933: 8782: 8762: 8401: 8240: 8169: 7662: 7563: 6481:. Information Bulletin of the Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. p. 76. 5556: 5021: 5001:, Warsaw, March 1956, first edition of the Secret Speech, published for the inner use in the 4898: 4664:. The Stalinist economic policy vacillated between appeasing the capitalist interests of the 4556: 4499: 3381: 3371: 2005: 1850: 1426: 1234: 1154: 1099: 579: 149: 144: 7196: 5936: 4256:(1918–1921) as a necessary condition—adequate supplies of food and weapons—for fighting the 3134:, the task of democratic revolution fell to the urban, industrial working class as the only 3114:— facilitated rapid and intensive industrialisation, which produced a united, working-class 10681: 10544: 10364: 10162: 9876: 9575: 9565: 9502: 9497: 9394: 9374: 8995: 8985: 8967: 8772: 8583: 5986: 5229: 5142: 4957:

disputed the historical assessments of the early Soviet Union by modern historians such as

4922: 4841: 4804: 4638: 4599: 4439: 4427: 4413: 3936: 3349: 3271: 3084: 2918: 2871: 2866: 2851: 2841: 2808: 2783: 2670: 2645: 2545: 2260: 1830: 1645: 1601: 1406: 1371: 1321: 1263: 1109: 984: 974: 927: 331: 101: 20: 10768: 7748: 1715: 1219: 730:. Lenin's ideological contributions to the Marxist ideology relate to his theories on the 8: 10908: 10637: 10442: 10371: 10179: 10028: 9906: 9828: 9801: 9680: 9596: 9525: 9512: 9487: 9460: 9450: 9369: 9254: 9129: 9056: 9016: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8926: 8911: 8807: 8752: 6202: 6172: 6081: 6022: 5982: 5763: 5719: 5650: 5288:. In light of the tenets of socialism, Leninism was a right-wing deviation from Marxism. 5106: 4657: 4612: 4608: 4523:

was exiled from Russia after losing to Stalin in the factional politics of the Bolsheviks

4495: 4367: 4333: 4261: 4205: 4033: 3712: 3432: 3377: 3354: 2977: 2928: 2630: 2450: 1940: 1581: 1561: 1556: 1448: 1438: 1386: 1376: 1294: 1274: 1129: 1049: 944: 799: 514: 457: 8626: 8144: 7715: 4726:

cite a variety of contributory factors, in that it was Lenin, rather than Stalin, whose

4602:

proposed that socialist revolutions in underdeveloped countries would further dismantle

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allow socialist states to transcend the political limitations of nationalism to form a

4294: 4269: 4094: 3404: 3214: 3156: 2990: 2972: 2950: 2876: 2813: 2803: 2758: 2753: 2710: 2415: 2140: 2110: 1975: 1945: 1805: 1631: 1611: 1551: 1299: 1202: 1164: 1024: 779: 584: 569: 554: 462: 452: 277: 272: 194: 47: 9359: 3515:(1917–1924) and the anti-Bolshevik terrorism of opposing political parties aiding the 3458: 3209:

of the natives and the exploitation of the natural resources of their countries. Such

2465: 10940: 10883: 10823: 10602: 10388: 10084: 9886: 9871: 9813: 9520: 9477: 9299: 9189: 9179: 9109: 8938: 8827: 8822: 8787: 8757: 8529: 8517: 8503: 8445: 8431: 8423: 8405: 8377: 8355: 8339: 8321: 8296: 8270: 8244: 8221: 8195: 8173: 8159: 7707: 7608: 7567: 7531: 7494: 7436: 7383: 7337: 7284: 7253: 7228: 7171: 7144: 7117: 7090: 7057: 7028: 6953: 6926: 6899: 6869: 6825: 6798: 6768: 6743: 6699: 6688: 6666: 6562: 6526: 6499: 6362: 6320: 6293: 6266: 6239: 5822: 5560: 5526: 5491: 5373: 5238: 5209: 5155: 5009: 4986: 4958: 4941:

had improved. Various historians have cited Lenin's proposal to appoint Trotsky as a

4845: 4828: 4791: 4763: 4755: 4727: 4646: 4595: 4560: 4456: 4371: 4337: 4257: 4043: 3512: 3508: 3198: 3168: 3127: 3123: 3014: 2943: 2903: 2881: 2610: 2595: 2575: 2165: 2085: 2010: 1820: 1751: 1725: 1677: 1606: 1586: 1458: 1421: 1401: 1391: 1381: 1354: 1316: 1259: 819: 782:

in 1917, Leninism was the dominant version of Marxism in Russia. In establishing the

484: 435: 164: 58: 9309: 9284: 9149: 2405: 2310: 2245: 2195: 2060: 9732: 9720: 9611: 9419: 9319: 9214: 9159: 9114: 9104: 9089: 8975: 8878: 8847: 8607: 8495: 8343: 7671: 7600: 7486: 7333: 6654: 5589: 5522: 5479: 5346: 5324: 5281: 5205: 5097: 4902: 4787: 4735: 4719: 4650: 4634: 4587: 4551: 4543: 3962: 3931: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3428: 3193:(1916), Lenin's economic analyses indicated that capitalism would transform into a 3172: 3096: 3070: 3026: 3002: 2938: 2923: 2715: 2650: 2550: 2485: 2460: 2410: 2375: 2335: 2170: 2130: 2095: 1985: 1965: 1915: 1910: 1890: 1845: 1815: 1761: 1710: 1705: 1672: 1571: 1528: 1473: 1416: 1019: 901: 874: 854: 850: 835: 693: 638: 626: 601: 257: 242: 214: 204: 139: 111: 5580:

Tomasic, D. (December 1953). "The Impact of Russian Culture on Soviet Communism".

4811:. Conversely, Stalin's regime reversed Lenin's policies on social matters such as 4281:

and general strikes of 1920, and worker wage-riots in the UK, France, and the US.

2725: 10795: 10008: 9960: 9866: 9244: 9184: 9174: 9169: 9099: 8868: 8842: 8817: 8777: 8767: 8742: 8677: 8633: 8459: 8391: 7864: 7557: 7476: 7426: 7377: 7191: 6792: 6314: 6287: 6131: 5931: 5846: 5796: 5546: 5169: 5101: 5078: 4982: 4946: 4812: 4808: 4751: 4564: 4329: 2955: 2846: 2798: 2793: 2705: 2640: 2620: 2560: 2455: 2430: 2395: 2390: 2380: 2350: 2305: 2295: 2160: 2100: 2055: 2020: 2000: 1960: 1935: 1781: 1700: 1396: 1326: 1064: 760: 650: 564: 292: 199: 7943: 7878: 5265: 4466:

The counter-action against Stalin aligned with Lenin's advocacy of the right of

2365: 10815: 10743: 10023: 10013: 9560: 9414: 9354: 9324: 9209: 9204: 9124: 9119: 9094: 8747: 8645: 8563: 8525: 8464: 8419: 8284: 8187: 7766: 7743: 6190: 6071: 6012: 5972: 5749: 5709: 5632: 5292: 5193: 5165: 5134: 5110: 5026: 4989:

and recruitment of 50–100 ordinary workers into the lower organs of the party.

4970: 4950: 4836: 4775: 4471: 4321: 3320: 3107: 2960: 2788: 2690: 2625: 2615: 2605: 2600: 2520: 2500: 2490: 2480: 2470: 2440: 2420: 2360: 2355: 2340: 2325: 2315: 2235: 2205: 2200: 2190: 2115: 2090: 2080: 2075: 2050: 2040: 2015: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1895: 1576: 1508: 1463: 1239: 1084: 791: 715: 589: 282: 232: 169: 43: 36: 7968: 7675: 7528:

Was There an Alternative? 1923-1927: Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years

4969:

to present the notion of ideological continuity and reinforce the position of

2215: 746:(education and organisation) and revolutionary leadership necessary to depose 10934: 10676: 9695: 9409: 9389: 9379: 9304: 9259: 9239: 9229: 9154: 9134: 8335: 8310: 8258: 7635:"The Nationalities Question in the Russian Revolution (Rosa Luxemburg, 1918)" 7612: 7490: 7468: 7061: 6600: 6566: 5828: 5261: 5197: 5082: 5073: 5045:

stressed the initial efforts by the Bolsheviks to form a government with the

5042: 4978: 4974: 4938: 4887: 4832: 4706: 4689: 4681: 4583: 4536: 4325: 4298: 4278: 4265: 4253: 4183: 4058: 3954: 3358: 3328: 3080: 2655: 2525: 2515: 2425: 2300: 2180: 2155: 2150: 2120: 2045: 1950: 1900: 1825: 1810: 1756: 1730: 1488: 1269: 838:

was an external and internal war which transformed Bolshevik Russia into the

795: 494: 302: 297: 267: 252: 8613: 8347: 8163: 8019:

Deepening Democracy?: The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru

7734: 7589:"The Blackmail of the Single Alternative: Bukharin, Trotsky and Perestrojka" 5213: 4446:

that claimed legitimate ideological descent from Leninism; thus, within the

10559: 10380: 9774: 9606: 9399: 9349: 9344: 9334: 9314: 9269: 9264: 9249: 9139: 9074: 8873: 8832: 8687: 8640:"An excerpt on Leninism and State Capitalism from the work of Noam Chomsky" 8477: 8209: 7939: 7792: 7739:"The Struggle Against Fascism: Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism" 7551: 7280: 6973: 6889: 6662: 6580: 6382: 5646: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5285: 5277: 5201: 4954: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4673: 4532: 4528: 4520: 4475: 3441: 3437: 3151: 3135: 3079:(1848), in which they called for the political unification of the European 2898: 2720: 2695: 2660: 2590: 2585: 2570: 2555: 2505: 2495: 2345: 2330: 2320: 2270: 2240: 2225: 2210: 2175: 1995: 1955: 1905: 1855: 1776: 1720: 843: 519: 262: 237: 5077:

violated party tradition, ignored proposals of opponents and expelled the

10422: 10384: 10376: 9998: 9982: 9896: 9838: 9690: 9424: 9404: 9279: 9274: 9234: 9219: 9164: 9069: 8655: 8292: 8217: 7024: 6995: 6981: 5902: 5308: 5177: 4685: 4547: 4378: 4290: 4128: 3968: 3340: 3336: 3331:'s support. The communist party would lead the popular deposition of the 3299: 3210: 3202: 3143: 3139: 3119: 3115: 2735: 2680: 2635: 2530: 2475: 2400: 2230: 2220: 2125: 2105: 2065: 1990: 1980: 1970: 1771: 1468: 1341: 1029: 964: 858: 731: 723: 287: 247: 209: 8803:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 7620: 7588: 5483: 5386: 5049:

and bring other parties such as the Mensheviks into political legality.

4660:", the rejection of permanent revolution, and advocated the doctrine of 645: 10412: 9294: 9289: 9199: 9194: 7604: 7403: 7069: 7049: 5879: 5269: 5050: 4966: 4930: 4852: 4731: 4677: 4615: 4491: 4435: 4391: 4345: 4178: 3516: 3416: 3408: 3092: 2730: 2540: 2370: 2280: 2275: 2265: 2145: 2070: 2030: 2025: 1865: 1665: 1640: 1336: 959: 823: 807: 803: 764: 747: 606: 596: 499: 440: 159: 116: 91: 24: 9743: 5601: 10632: 10627: 10449: 10342: 10172: 9833: 9670: 9384: 9329: 9084: 8893: 8728: 8487: 6821:

After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists

5253: 5126: 4985:

and proposed party reforms which included the democratisation of the

4962: 4864: 4849: 4759: 4710: 4611:

portion of the Chinese Revolution (1926–1928), which resulted in the

4603: 4579: 4443: 4423: 4409: 3949: 3424: 3344: 3131: 3088: 3066: 2965: 2908: 2856: 2836: 2665: 2290: 1885: 1840: 1650: 772: 727: 121: 106: 40: 6495:

Autopsy for an Empire: The Seven Leaders who Built the Soviet Regime

4870: 10622: 9901: 9861: 9641: 9636: 9530: 8145:"What was Done an extended review of Lars Lih's Lenin Rediscovered" 7408:"Revolution Besieged. The Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly)" 6740:

Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years

6359:

Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years

5593: 5468:"The canon and the mushroom Lenin, sacredness, and Soviet collapse" 5114: 5030: 4875: 4820: 4816: 3975: 2891: 2886: 2685: 707: 489: 4574:

In instituting government policy, Stalin promoted the doctrine of

4478:

to remove Stalin as the General Secretary of the Communist Party.

10514: 10018: 8916: 6865:

Lenin: A Political Life: Volume 1: The Strengths of Contradiction

5173: 4879: 4856: 4766:: "We stand for organized terror—this should be frankly stated." 4293:

among oppressed peoples, Lenin advocated their national right to

3656: 3332: 3176: 3160: 1660: 909: 711: 574: 76: 32: 8397:

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century

5552:

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century

3493:(1917), Lenin describes the dictatorship of the proletariat as: 9064: 5311:

countries produced revolutionary vanguard parties, such as the

5296: 5146: 3087:; and proposed that because the socio-economic organisation of 1655: 9727: 8671: 7170:. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall. p. 162. 5081:

from the party on falsified charges which culminated with the

3106:

In the early 20th century, the socio-economic backwardness of

3021: 1190:

Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice

633: 10437: 10315: 8334: 7276:

A people's tragedy : a history of the Russian Revolution

4665: 4133: 8697: 6633:"Lenin: Individual and Politics in the October Revolution". 6605:

Stalin's Terror of 1937–1938: Political Genocide in the USSR

6167: 6165: 5874: 5872: 5870: 4395:(1917–1925) organisational control of the national culture. 3431:)—which would fail because the bourgeoisie's control of the 857:

and Lenin's interpretations of Marxism, which function as a

10549: 10325: 8665: 7970:

Chomsky on Lenin, Trotsky, Socialism & the Soviet Union

5002: 4883: 4563:

within the Communist Party were key arguments of Trotsky's

3412: 1160:

An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital

8650:"Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy" 7326:

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich; Khrushchev, Serge_ (2004).

6848:

Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925

6818:

Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014).

10534: 10354: 8083:"Left-Wing" Childishness and the Petty Bourgois Mentality 6162: 5867: 4578:(adopted 1925), wherein the Soviet Union would establish 3407:, despite supporting moderate political reform—including 5791: 5789: 5192:(1920) congresses. Proponents of left communism include 980:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

842:(RSFSR), the core and largest republic that founded the 8428:

Lenin 2017: Remembering, Repeating, and Working Through

6786: 6784: 6767:(Reprinted ed.). Penguin books. pp. 111–112. 6015:(1972) . "The Right of Nations to Self-Determination". 5851:. Moscow: Novosti Press Ajency Publishing House. 1974. 5682:

The New Penguin Dictionary of Modern History: 1789–1945

4641:

and socialist internationalism. According to historian

8500:

Lenin: The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror

8352:

Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils

8130:

The Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin: 1917–1929

8077:

The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution

8053:

The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism

7825:"The Significance of the Russian Revolution for Today" 6446:"Socialism in One Country versus Permanent Revolution" 6177:

The Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin: 1917–1929

6122:'Last Testament' Letters to the Congress", from Lenin 5884:

The Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin: 1917–1929

5369:

The Palgrave Handbook of Leninist Political Philosophy

5223:

has been most critical of Lenin and Leninism, yet the

4598:

of White Army counter-revolution. Trotsky's theory of

8157: 8047:

What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement

7989:

The Chinese Communist Party as Organizational Emperor

7478:

Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism Compared

5786: 5712:(1965) . "Freedom to Criticise and Unity of Action". 5588:(4). Western Political Science Association: 808–809. 5137:

criticised the Bolsheviks for the suppression of the

4742:

and who established the autocratic system within the

701: 8354:. St Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers. 7475:(2009). Geyer, Michael; Fitzpatrick, Sheila (eds.). 7325: 6851:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 6781: 5131:

The Nationalities Question in the Russian Revolution

767:

viewed history through the theoretical framework of

7690:"Herman Gorter, Open Letter to Comrade Lenin, 1920" 3126:(1789–1799) in the 18th century. Although Russia's 372:

The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky

7195: 6888: 6687: 6143:Central Committee, "On Proletcult Organisations", 5935: 5519:Lenin Rediscovered: What is to be Done? in Context 5412: 5410: 5366:Rockmore, Tom; Levine, Norman (19 December 2018). 4470:for the national and ethnic groups of the deposed 4385:of peasants and workers. Influenced by Lenin, the 4350:The Question of Nationalities, or 'Autonomisation' 3447: 869:entered common usage at the fifth congress of the 822:(1917–1922), which included the fight against the 8614:"First Conference of the Communist International" 7113:Molotov and Soviet Government: Sovnarkom, 1930-41 6112:"The Question of Nationalities or 'Autonomisation 5926: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5916: 4961:in which he argued had falsely equated Leninism, 4937:as soon as the economic and social conditions of 4700: 4512:Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influence 4403: 3304:In Chapter II, "Proletarians and Communists", of 3250:First edition Russian cover of Lenin's 1917 book 726:as the political prelude to the establishment of 10932: 10623:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 7467: 7010: 4381:to the proletariat to facilitate their economic 4370:of religion and nationalism that constitute the 3213:allows wealthy countries to maintain a domestic 753:Leninist revolutionary leadership is based upon 7252:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 19, 20. 5981:. Vol. 33 (2nd English ed.). Moscow: 5407: 4738:; that it was Lenin who developed the infamous 4297:and so opposed Russian chauvinism because such 402:Leninism: Introduction to the Study of Leninism 8318:: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History 7304: 7302: 7300: 6420:"When the Soviet Union Entered World Politics" 5913: 5365: 5037:fields had "undoubtedly" weakened the nation. 4284: 3142:and democratisation, in view that the Russian 9759: 8713: 7883:"The Renegade Kautsky and his Disciple Lenin" 7047: 6522:Stalin. Vol II, Waiting for Hitler, 1928-1941 5961:. New York: Peter Bedrick Books. p. 205. 5897: 5895: 5893: 5016:", delivered in 1956. He was critical of the 4232: 3197:, by which industrialised countries exported 3103:, inspiring Russian Marxists, such as Lenin. 3046: 940:The Condition of the Working Class in England 670: 8593:Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism 8065:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 8004:Economic growth and development in Singapore 7359:"Top 10 lies about the Bolshevik Revolution" 7163: 6765:The Bolshevik revolution 1917 - 1923. Vol. 1 5401:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought 5161:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 4996: 3262:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 3190:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 935:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 840:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 382:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 352:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 16:Political theory developed by Vladimir Lenin 7297: 6892:; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E. (15 April 2008). 6545: 5423:. Vol. 7 (15th ed.). p. 265. 3253:Imperialism, the Newest Stage of Capitalism 9766: 9752: 8720: 8706: 8516: 8444: 8418: 8165:Lenin Reloaded: Toward a Politics of Truth 8142: 8089:Left-Wing Communism: an Infantile Disorder 8059:The Right of Nations to Self-Determination 7308: 6817: 6491: 6312: 6289:The Soviet Colossus: History and Aftermath 6195:"'Last Testament' Letters to the Congress" 5890: 5694:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5642:Left-Wing Communism: an Infantile Disorder 5427: 4304:The Right of Nations to Self-determination 4239: 4225: 3319:The revolutionary purpose of the Leninist 3053: 3039: 1080:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses 955:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 832:left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks 677: 663: 39:, whose policies and politics allowed the 8494: 7805:. Vol. 2, no. 1. Archived from 7747:. Vol. 4, no. 8. Archived from 7706: 7190: 7136: 7016: 6845:Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). 6844: 6653: 6647: 6525:. London : Allen Lane. p. 125. 6474: 6258: 5930: 5848:Marx Engels Lenin on Scientific Socialism 5795: 5403:(Third ed.). 1999. pp. 476–477. 5337:National delimitation in the Soviet Union 5331:He who does not work neither shall he eat 4324:and a people's transcending nationalism, 3462:1970 French edition of Lenin's 1917 book 3398: 3222:system in the early 20th century. In the 3171:of the three-hundred-year dynasty of the 8368: 8208: 8158:Budgen, Sebastian; Kouvelakis, Stathis; 8095:"Last Testament" Letters to the Congress 7986: 7559:The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia 7220: 7198:Trotsky: The Prophet Unarmed (1921–1929) 7143:. New York, Vintage Books. p. 135. 7086:The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia 7050:"We Are Starting to Learn about Trotsky" 6972: 6231: 5938:Trotsky: The Prophet Unarmed (1921-1929) 5313:Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland 5268:criticised Leninism as a "by-product of 5061:as an alternative democratic structure. 4991: 4973:. Other revisionist historians, such as 4869: 4746:. Proponents also note that Lenin put a 4515: 4461:General Secretary of the Communist Party 4387:Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party 4320:of Marxism and Bolshevism is based upon 3457: 3423:, not with gradual reforms—from within ( 3387:Freedom to Criticise and Unity of Action 3365: 3245: 3112:combined and uneven economic development 892: 559: 31: 9773: 8627:"Marcel Liebman on Lenin and democracy" 8458: 8376:. Humanities Press International, Inc. 8289:Notes on Dialectics: Hegel, Marx, Lenin 8234: 8186: 8041:The Development of Capitalism in Russia 8016: 7938: 7791: 7765: 7555: 7525: 7140:The prophet unarmed: Trotsky, 1921-1929 7082: 7048:Danilov, Victor; Porter, Cathy (1990). 6945: 6918: 6861: 6790: 6737: 6718: 6599: 6579: 6492:Volkogonov, Dmitriĭ Antonovich (1998). 6475:Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich (1950). 6381: 6356: 6313:Volkogonov, Dmitriĭ Antonovich (1996). 6051: 5679: 5579: 5465: 4357:equality by their proletarian comrades. 881:to denote "vanguard-party revolution." 718:that proposes the establishment of the 322:The Development of Capitalism in Russia 10933: 9792:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 8476: 8390: 8309: 8257: 8116:The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky 1921–1929 8001: 7950:from the original on 24 September 2015 7861:"Have we become 'Leninists'? – part 1" 7659: 7375: 7309:Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (1956). 7247: 7109: 7089:. Yale University Press. p. 438. 6898:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 197. 6518: 6262:The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky 1921-1929 5573: 5545: 5301:socialism with Chinese characteristics 5120: 4998:O kulcie jednostki i jego następstwach 4886:(centre) and Trotsky (right) in early 4586:, Stalin articulated his rejection of 4450:, each ideological faction denied the 4398: 3440:aspirations of much of the peasantry, 3155:(1917), the political strategy of the 1861:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 424:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 9747: 9617:Mass killings under communist regimes 8701: 8283: 7920:from the original on 27 November 2018 7906:Miner, Steven Merritt (11 May 2003). 7905: 7877: 7733: 7556:Daniels, Robert V. (1 October 2008). 7356: 7272: 7083:Daniels, Robert V. (1 October 2008). 7020:The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky 6994: 6685: 6679: 6426:from the original on 14 February 2020 6414: 6412: 6339: 6189: 6070: 6011: 5971: 5901: 5748: 5708: 5657:from the original on 29 February 2020 5631: 5498:from the original on 14 February 2021 5437:(Fifth ed.). 1994. p. 1558. 4442:) were the principal philosophies of 3436:successfully. Moreover, owing to the 3099:was the political perspective of the 2774:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 1150:Change the World Without Taking Power 8109:The Prophet Armed: Trotsky 1879–1921 7802:International Council Correspondence 7641:from the original on 19 October 2018 7507:from the original on 6 February 2021 7424: 7221:Kuromiya, Hiroaki (16 August 2013). 6946:Daniels, Robert V. (November 2002). 6919:Daniels, Robert V. (November 2002). 6762: 6694:. Random House Publishing. pp. 6620:Three Whys of the Russian Revolution 6607:. Translated by Choate, Frederick S. 6456:from the original on 1 February 2017 6393:from the original on 3 December 2011 6343:"To L. D. Trotsky", 13 December 1922 6285: 6232:Mccauley, Martin (4 February 2014). 6171: 6157:Chambers Dictionary of World History 5956: 5878: 5855:from the original on 31 January 2020 5817: 5801:The Prophet Armed: Trotsky 1879–1921 5447: 4796:assassination attempts against Lenin 4750:within the party and introduced the 4684:(1936–1938), which were part of the 4361: 7944:"The Soviet Union Versus Socialism" 7586: 7530:. Mehring Books. pp. 494–495. 7017:Deutscher, Isaac (5 January 2015). 6949:The End of the Communist Revolution 6922:The End of the Communist Revolution 6738:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021). 6721:The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police 6498:. Simon and Schuster. p. 125. 6450:Seventeen Moments in Soviet History 6357:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021). 5516: 5510: 5472:HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 5237:(1935), Paul Mattick said that the 1105:Marxism and the Oppression of Women 1035:Theses on the Philosophy of History 844:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 13: 8029: 6409: 6387:"Platform of the Joint Opposition" 6316:Trotsky: The Eternal Revolutionary 6205:. pp. 593–611. Archived from 6084:. pp. 393–454. Archived from 6025:. pp. 393–454. Archived from 5766:. pp. 381–492. Archived from 5722:. pp. 442–443. Archived from 5466:Yurchak, Alexei (September 2017). 4819:, rights of sexual minorities and 4762:struggle against opponents in the 4508:The Stalin School of Falsification 3288: 3101:Social Democratic Party of Germany 3091:was of a higher form than that of 14: 10987: 9571:Criticism of communist party rule 8543: 8374:Lenin and the Revolutionary Party 7845:. 21 January 2015. Archived from 7771:"Fundamental Theses of the Party" 7449:from the original on 16 June 2013 7402: 6742:. Mehring Books. pp. 13–14. 6617: 5274:The Soviet Union Versus Socialism 4943:Vice-chairman of the Soviet Union 3479:was realised and effected by the 3293: 1125:Time, Labor and Social Domination 342:Materialism and Empirio-criticism 10915: 10914: 10902: 9726: 9714: 9592:21st-century communist theorists 8143:Blackledge, Paul (3 July 2006). 8035:Selected works by Vladimir Lenin 7827:. 6 October 2017. Archived from 7382:. Pathfinder. pp. 307–347. 6862:Service, Robert (24 June 1985). 6797:. Merlin Press. pp. 1–348. 6286:Kort, Michael G. (18 May 2015). 5985:. pp. 60–79. Archived from 5824:Lenin and the Russian Revolution 5139:All Russian Constituent Assembly 4199: 3538: 3076:Manifesto of the Communist Party 3020: 3008: 2996: 2832:21st-century communist theorists 1175:Towards Socialism or Capitalism? 1090:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa 1010:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value 916: 644: 632: 620: 75: 8853:Dictatorship of the proletariat 8483:History and Class Consciousness 8454:. Vol. 2. Clarendom Press. 8267:University Press of the Pacific 8010: 7995: 7980: 7962: 7932: 7899: 7871: 7853: 7835: 7817: 7809:on 26 October 2017 – via 7785: 7777:on 2 December 2017 – via 7759: 7727: 7718:on 26 October 2017 – via 7700: 7682: 7653: 7627: 7580: 7544: 7519: 7461: 7418: 7396: 7369: 7357:Grant, Alex (1 November 2017). 7350: 7319: 7266: 7241: 7214: 7184: 7167:Russia in the twentieth century 7157: 7130: 7103: 7076: 7041: 6988: 6966: 6939: 6912: 6882: 6855: 6838: 6811: 6756: 6731: 6712: 6626: 6611: 6593: 6573: 6539: 6512: 6485: 6468: 6438: 6422:. UC Press E-Books Collection. 6375: 6350: 6333: 6306: 6279: 6252: 6225: 6183: 6150: 6137: 6104: 6064: 6045: 6005: 5965: 5950: 5835: 5811: 5742: 5702: 5673: 5625: 5608: 5582:The Western Political Quarterly 5243:International Communist Current 5059:Russian Congress of the Soviets 4786:, or participated in sabotage, 3454:Dictatorship of the proletariat 3448:Dictatorship of the proletariat 3415:when opportune—Lenin said that 3325:dictatorship of the proletariat 3146:would suppress any revolution. 3110:(1721–1917) — characterized by 1534:Theory of historical trajectory 1412:Dictatorship of the proletariat 1115:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 1015:History and Class Consciousness 970:Critique of the Gotha Programme 720:dictatorship of the proletariat 10951:Eponymous political ideologies 8214:Leninism and Western Socialism 7751:on 31 August 2017 – via 7110:Watson, Derek (27 July 2016). 6978:Leninism and Western Socialism 6361:. Mehring Books. p. 281. 6319:. HarperCollins. p. 242. 6054:The State in Socialist Society 5959:Dictionary of Historical Terms 5616:United States of Europe Slogan 5539: 5459: 5455:(Third ed.). p. 459. 5441: 5372:. Springer. pp. 313–531. 5359: 5176:and thus more oriented to the 5047:Left Socialist Revolutionaries 4772:Left Socialist Revolutionaries 4701:Debated influence on Stalinism 4404:Stalinism and Marxism–Leninism 4275:German Revolution of 1918–1919 3419:could only be overthrown with 3224:United States of Europe Slogan 3182: 1332:Socially necessary labour time 1230:Philosophy in the Soviet Union 1120:The Sublime Object of Ideology 1045:A Critique of Soviet Economics 816:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 23:. For Trotsky's ideology, see 1: 10455:Political abuse of psychiatry 10247:Congress of People's Deputies 8793:Critique of political economy 8727: 6952:. Routledge. pp. 90–92. 6925:. Routledge. pp. 90–94. 6895:A Companion to Gender History 6763:Carr, Edward Hallett (1977). 6134:. Retrieved 30 November 2011. 5352: 5299:(the Thought of Mao Zedong), 5258:International Communist Party 5093:were physically annihilated. 4485: 4289:In recognising and accepting 4154:Political abuse of psychiatry 3733:Congress of People's Deputies 1253:Critique of political economy 812:Socialist Revolutionary Party 537:Joseph Stalin's rise to power 9686:Socialist mode of production 9602:Anti-communist mass killings 9544:Workers of the world, unite! 8813:Proletarian internationalism 8569:Resources in other libraries 8017:Roberts, Kenneth M. (1988). 7637:. Libcom.org. 11 July 2006. 7329:Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev 7164:Dziewanowski, M. K. (2003). 7004:University of Michigan Press 6292:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 166. 5055:Russian Constituent Assembly 4734:with its hostage-taking and 4692:who had led the Revolution. 4531:against the party's growing 3532:Politics of the Soviet Union 3523: 3231:Workers of the world, unite! 1290:Falling profit-rate tendency 1070:The Society of the Spectacle 784:socialist mode of production 180:Proletarian internationalism 7: 10618:Academy of Medical Sciences 9654:Marx's theory of alienation 8465:Soviet Marxism: An Analysis 8079:(The "April Theses"), 1917. 7908:"The Other Killing Machine" 6052:Harding, Neil, ed. (1984). 5684:. London. pp. 462–464. 5342:Wars of national liberation 5318: 5221:Dutch-German communist left 5029:and leading figures in the 4831:, the Tsarist programme of 4758:, who exclaimed during the 4527:In 1922, Lenin allied with 4285:National self-determination 3693:Central Executive Committee 2764:Capitalism Nature Socialism 1280:Concrete and abstract labor 1170:Capital in the Anthropocene 1095:Social Justice and the City 990:The Accumulation of Capital 887:Russian Communist Party (b) 702: 10: 10992: 10966:Marxist schools of thought 7483:Cambridge University Press 6824:. McFarland. p. 109. 6235:The Soviet Union 1917-1991 5555:. New Haven, Connecticut: 4489: 4440:permanent world revolution 4407: 4318:socialist internationalism 3451: 3382:democratically centralised 3369: 3297: 3207:exploitation of the labour 1040:Dialectic of Enlightenment 525:Death and funeral of Lenin 18: 10896: 10840: 10814: 10734: 10657: 10648: 10593: 10500: 10463: 10403: 10306: 10268: 10188: 10050: 10041: 9991: 9939: 9930: 9782: 9709: 9584: 9553: 9511: 9433: 9055: 9004: 8966: 8902: 8861: 8735: 8632:27 September 2011 at the 8564:Resources in your library 8528:. London: HarperCollins. 8470:Columbia University Press 7811:Marxists Internet Archive 7779:Marxists Internet Archive 7753:Marxists Internet Archive 7720:Marxists Internet Archive 7676:10.1080/10855660120092294 7593:Studies in Soviet Thought 7526:Rogovin, Vadim Z (2021). 7412:Marxists Internet Archive 7227:. Routledge. p. 60. 7137:Deutscher, Isaac (1965). 6403:Marxists Internet Archive 6259:Deutscher, Isaac (2003). 6238:. Routledge. p. 59. 6219:Marxists Internet Archive 6147:No. 270, 1 December 1920. 6098:Marxists Internet Archive 6039:Marxists Internet Archive 5999:Marxists Internet Archive 5957:Cook, Chris, ed. (1983). 5780:Marxists Internet Archive 5736:Marxists Internet Archive 5667:Marxists Internet Archive 5523:Brill Academic Publishers 5435:The Columbia Encyclopedia 5180:than the Leninism of the 4935:Socialist Revolutionaries 4774:. According to historian 4695: 4504:New Course (Trotsky book) 4332:obstacles to progressive 4049:Material balance planning 3750:1989 Legislative election 1185:Literature and Revolution 1145:Late Victorian Holocausts 1075:Pedagogy of the Oppressed 1060:The Wretched of the Earth 697: 8838:Workers' self-management 8682:"Lenin as a Philosopher" 8601:The State and Revolution 8451:Main Currents of Marxism 8071:The State and Revolution 7987:Yongnian, Zheng (2009). 7587:Day, Richard B. (1990). 7491:10.1017/CBO9780511802652 7425:Gill, Graeme J. (1998). 7379:Democracy and Revolution 7116:. Springer. p. 25. 6868:. Springer. p. 98. 6791:Liebman, Marcel (1985). 6719:Leggett, George (1986). 6519:Kotkin, Stephen (2017). 6201:. Vol. 36. Moscow: 6126:Volume 36, pp. 593–611. 6080:. Vol. 20. Moscow: 6056:(2nd ed.). Oxford: 6021:. Vol. 20. Moscow: 5844:, vol. 25, pp. 461–462, 5762:. Vol. 25. Moscow: 5754:The State and Revolution 5718:. Vol. 10. Moscow: 4815:, legal restrictions on 4730:measures introduced the 4705:Some historians such as 4662:socialism in one country 4576:socialism in one country 4432:socialism in one country 4279:the Italian insurrection 3864:Administrator of Affairs 3490:The State and Revolution 3465:The State and Revolution 1135:The Origin of Capitalism 1005:The State and Revolution 885:was accepted as part of 778:In the aftermath of the 759:(1848), identifying the 470:History of Soviet Russia 362:The State and Revolution 10909:Soviet Union portal 9676:Revolutionary socialism 8884:Socialization (Marxism) 8578:Works by Vladimir Lenin 8263:Foundations of Leninism 8150:International Socialism 7376:Novack, George (1971). 7273:Figes, Orlando (1997). 7248:Broue., Pierre (1992). 7204:Oxford University Press 6725:Oxford University Press 6686:Pipes, Richard (2001). 6586:The Revolution Betrayed 6199:Lenin's Collected Works 6130:3 December 2011 at the 6077:Lenin's Collected Works 6018:Lenin's Collected Works 5978:Lenin's Collected Works 5944:Oxford University Press 5805:Oxford University Press 5759:Lenin's Collected Works 5715:Lenin's Collected Works 5420:Encyclopædia Britannica 5182:Communist International 4744:Russian Communist Party 4620:Chinese Communist Party 4206:Soviet Union portal 3718:Soviet of Nationalities 3307:The Communist Manifesto 3195:global financial system 1836:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 1479:Relations of production 1362:Base and superstructure 1215:Dialectical materialism 1180:The Revolution Betrayed 1000:Terrorism and Communism 995:Philosophical Notebooks 950:The Communist Manifesto 871:Communist International 769:dialectical materialism 756:The Communist Manifesto 744:political consciousness 722:led by a revolutionary 510:Anti-religious campaign 392:Foundations of Leninism 190:Revolutionary situation 185:Revolutionary defeatism 155:Dialectical materialism 10801:Stalinist architecture 10555:Science and technology 10465:Ideological repression 10393:Soviet Airborne Forces 10331:Destruction battalions 8522:Lenin: A New Biography 8316:To the Finland Station 8235:Harding, Neil (1996). 8002:Wilson, Peter (2002). 7942:(Spring–Summer 1986). 7712:"Lenin As Philosopher" 7663:Democracy & Nature 7000:Lenin's Last Testament 6555:London Review of Books 5247:proletarian revolution 5225:Italian communist left 5091:Seventeenth Congresses 5018:cult of the individual 5006: 4997: 4905:historians, including 4895:Revisionist historians 4891: 4825:Robert Vincent Daniels 4821:protective legislation 4809:equal rights for women 4524: 4359: 4314: 4149:Ideological repression 4039:Science and technology 3500: 3468: 3421:proletarian revolution 3399:Proletarian revolution 3396: 3317: 3286: 3256: 3244: 3219:proletarian revolution 3165:proletarian revolution 2779:Historical Materialism 1524:Proletarian revolution 1519:Primitive accumulation 1514:Historical determinism 867:proletarian revolution 51: 10583:List of metro systems 10136:Collective leadership 9627:Intentional community 8763:Collective leadership 8402:Yale University Press 8241:Duke University Press 8170:Duke University Press 8128:Edward Hallett Carr. 8123:Lenin's Last Struggle 7564:Yale University Press 7363:In Defence of Marxism 6636:Modern History Review 6265:. Verso. p. 63. 6110:Lenin, V. I. (1923). 5907:Lenin's Last Struggle 5557:Yale University Press 5305:People's Action Party 5022:collective leadership 4995: 4873: 4848:that featured former 4557:democratic centralism 4535:and the influence of 4519: 4500:The Declaration of 46 4354: 4309: 4270:counter-revolutionary 4260:. In March 1921, the 3582:Collective leadership 3495: 3461: 3391: 3372:Democratic centralism 3366:Democratic centralism 3312: 3267: 3265:(1920), Lenin wrote: 3249: 3228: 3226:(1915), Lenin wrote: 3138:capable of effecting 3065:In the 19th century, 3015:Philosophy portal 2809:Science & Society 1427:Democratic centralism 1285:Factors of production 1155:Caliban and the Witch 1100:Women, Race and Class 893:Historical background 710:developed by Russian 505:National delimitation 480:Collective leadership 150:Democratic centralism 145:Collective leadership 35: 10545:Net material product 10488:Censorship of images 10405:Political repression 10365:Soviet Border Troops 10298:First Deputy Premier 9882:1965 economic reform 9877:Soviet space program 9733:Socialism portal 9721:Communism portal 9576:Criticism of Marxism 9566:Communist propaganda 8996:Fourth International 8986:Second International 8773:Communist revolution 8660:"Lenin's Philosophy" 8621:Other thematic links 8194:. The Merlin Press. 8192:Leninism Under Lenin 7283:. pp. 796–801. 6794:Leninism Under Lenin 6690:Communism: A History 6173:Carr, Edward Hallett 6058:St. Antony's College 5880:Carr, Edward Hallett 5680:Townson, D. (1994). 5303:. In Singapore, the 5141:(January 1918); the 4829:patriotic propaganda 4805:universal healthcare 4639:permanent revolution 4600:permanent revolution 4452:political legitimacy 4352:(1923), Lenin said: 4307:(1914), Lenin said: 4159:Political repression 4124:Censorship of images 3854:First Deputy Premier 3592:Presidential Council 3427:) and from without ( 3389:(1905), Lenin said: 3355:anarcho-syndicalists 3343:—makes establishing 3323:is to establish the 3272:scientific socialism 3085:communist revolution 3083:in order to achieve 3027:Socialism portal 3003:Communism portal 2872:History of communism 2867:Economic determinism 2852:Criticism of Marxism 2842:Creative destruction 1602:Marxism and religion 1322:Scientific socialism 1225:Philosophy of nature 1110:Imagined Communities 975:Dialectics of Nature 828:Entente intervention 798:(1918–1921) and the 639:Socialism portal 627:Communism portal 10613:Academy of Sciences 10428:Population transfer 10372:Soviet Armed Forces 10235:Congress of Soviets 10216:Presidium/Politburo 10180:Soviet anti-Zionism 10029:West Siberian Plain 9907:Revolutions of 1989 9844:Great Patriotic War 9829:New Economic Policy 9681:Socialist economics 9597:Anti anti-communism 9526:Red flag (politics) 8991:Third International 8981:First International 8808:Market abolitionism 8753:Class consciousness 8608:"The Lenin Archive" 8585:What Is To Be Done? 8021:. pp. 288–289. 7895:on 13 January 2017. 7867:on 2 December 2017. 7849:on 2 December 2017. 7831:on 2 December 2017. 7696:on 2 December 2017. 7473:Fitzpatrick, Sheila 6547:Fitzpatrick, Sheila 6203:Progress Publishers 6082:Progress Publishers 6023:Progress Publishers 5983:Progress Publishers 5764:Progress Publishers 5720:Progress Publishers 5651:Progress Publishers 5484:10.14318/hau7.2.021 5449:Kohn, George Childs 5230:What Is To Be Done? 5121:Left-wing criticism 4801:universal education 4631:Workers' Opposition 4618:'s massacre of the 4609:Northern Expedition 4496:Anti-Stalinist Left 4399:Leninism after 1924 4368:false consciousness 4334:class consciousness 4328:, and religion—the 4262:New Economic Policy 4174:Suppressed research 4164:Population transfer 4034:New Economic Policy 3713:Soviet of the Union 3683:Congress of Soviets 3433:means of production 3378:First International 3350:What Is To Be Done? 3205:and so realise the 2759:Capital & Class 1439:False consciousness 1387:Commodity fetishism 1377:Class consciousness 1295:Means of production 1130:The Age of Extremes 1050:The Long Revolution 985:What Is to Be Done? 945:The German Ideology 800:New Economic Policy 651:Politics portal 515:New Economic Policy 458:February Revolution 332:What Is to Be Done? 175:National liberation 10971:Types of socialism 10258:Military Collegium 10126:Capital punishment 10004:Caucasus Mountains 9917:Post-Soviet states 9797:Russian Revolution 9701:Worker cooperative 9659:National communism 9632:Left-wing politics 9537:The Internationale 8889:Economic democracy 8692:"The Lenin Legend" 8518:Volkogonov, Dmitri 8502:. Pantheon Books. 8446:Kolakowski, Leszek 8340:Pannekoek, Antonie 7946:. Our Generation. 7913:The New York Times 7797:"The Lenin Legend" 7605:10.1007/BF00818977 7433:Palgrave Macmillan 6452:. 27 August 2015. 6209:on 4 December 2011 5989:on 3 December 2011 5770:on 3 December 2011 5726:on 24 January 2021 5622:, vol. 18, p. 232. 5517:Lih, Lars (2005). 5453:Dictionary of Wars 5219:Historically, the 5152:Russian Revolution 5072:Russian historian 5067:Sheila Fitzpatrick 5007: 4927:opposition parties 4892: 4643:Sheila Fitzpatrick 4525: 4468:self-determination 4295:self-determination 3908:Procurator General 3896:Military Collegium 3469: 3405:October Revolution 3257: 3215:labour aristocracy 3157:October Revolution 2973:Worker cooperative 2951:Left-wing populism 2877:Left-wing politics 2814:Socialist Register 2804:Rethinking Marxism 1597:Literary criticism 1300:Mode of production 1165:Capitalist Realism 1025:The Black Jacobins 836:peasant rebellions 810:, factions of the 780:October Revolution 560:Anti-Leninist left 555:26 Baku Commissars 463:October Revolution 453:Russian Revolution 448:RSDLP (Bolsheviks) 273:Grigori Sokolnikov 195:Self-determination 86:Schools of thought 52: 48:October Revolution 10956:Far-left politics 10928: 10927: 10892: 10891: 10884:Hammer and sickle 10826:and their groups 10824:Soviet dissidents 10603:Communist Academy 10520:Economic planning 10496: 10495: 10389:Soviet Air Forces 10308:Security services 10228:General Secretary 10211:Central Committee 10153:Political parties 10085:Brezhnev Doctrine 10080:Foreign relations 10037: 10036: 9978:Autonomous okrugs 9892:Soviet–Afghan War 9872:Sino-Soviet split 9814:Russian Civil War 9741: 9740: 9521:Hammer and sickle 9012:Communist Parties 8828:Stateless society 8823:Social revolution 8788:Communist society 8758:Classless society 8672:"Leninist Ebooks" 8550:Library resources 8535:978-0-00-255123-6 8496:Sebestyen, Victor 8400:. New Haven, CT: 8361:978-0-9791813-6-8 8344:Pankhurst, Sylvia 8320:. Phoenix Press. 8114:Isaac Deutscher. 8107:Isaac Deutscher. 7573:978-0-300-13493-3 7537:978-1-893638-96-9 7500:978-0-521-72397-8 7442:978-0-312-17764-5 7389:978-0-87348-192-2 7343:978-0-271-02861-3 7290:978-0-670-85916-0 7259:978-0-7486-0317-6 7234:978-1-317-86780-7 7177:978-0-13-097852-3 7150:978-0-394-70747-1 7123:978-1-349-24848-3 7096:978-0-300-13493-3 7034:978-1-78168-721-5 6959:978-1-134-92607-7 6932:978-1-134-92607-7 6905:978-0-470-69282-0 6875:978-1-349-05591-3 6831:978-0-7864-5647-5 6804:978-0-85036-261-9 6774:978-0-14-020749-1 6749:978-1-893638-97-6 6705:978-0-8129-6864-4 6655:Radzinsky, Edvard 6643:(1): 16–19. 1990. 6622:. pp. 83–84. 6601:Rogovin, Vadim Z. 6549:(22 April 2010). 6532:978-0-7139-9945-7 6505:978-0-684-83420-7 6368:978-1-893638-97-6 6326:978-0-00-255272-1 6299:978-0-7656-2845-9 6272:978-1-85984-446-5 6245:978-1-317-90179-2 5831:. pp. 85–86. 5819:Hill, Christopher 5637:"No Compromises?" 5532:978-90-04-13120-0 5379:978-1-137-51650-3 5252:Nonetheless, the 5239:council communist 5210:Antonie Pannekoek 5156:bureaucratisation 5010:Nikita Khrushchev 4987:Central Committee 4971:counter-communism 4959:Dmitri Volkogonov 4923:Lenin's Testament 4919:General Secretary 4882:of Lenin (left), 4846:economic planning 4842:scientific system 4835:and traditional, 4790:with the deposed 4784:Soviet government 4764:Russian Civil War 4756:Felix Dzerzhinsky 4647:industrialisation 4596:Russian Civil War 4533:bureaucratisation 4362:Socialist culture 4258:Russian Civil War 4249: 4248: 4191: 4190: 4044:Era of Stagnation 3986: 3985: 3871: 3870: 3759: 3758: 3665: 3664: 3636:General Secretary 3621:Central Committee 3513:Russian Civil War 3509:constitutionalism 3241:, vol. 18, p. 232 3211:superexploitation 3199:financial capital 3169:absolute monarchy 3130:was agrarian and 3128:political economy 3124:French Revolution 3063: 3062: 2904:Political ecology 2882:Marxian economics 1821:Council communism 1789: 1788: 1716:Neue Marx-Lektüre 1678:Regulation school 1567:Cultural analysis 1459:Lumpenproletariat 1402:Cultural hegemony 1392:Communist society 1382:Classless society 1317:Productive forces 1055:Guerrilla Warfare 928:Theoretical works 877:applied the term 849:As revolutionary 820:Russian Civil War 706:) is a political 687: 686: 436:Prague Conference 315:Theoretical works 165:Labor aristocracy 50:in Russia in 1917 10983: 10946:Authoritarianism 10918: 10917: 10907: 10906: 10905: 10655: 10654: 10563: 10418:Collectivization 10163:Marxism–Leninism 10048: 10047: 9937: 9936: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9745: 9744: 9731: 9730: 9719: 9718: 9717: 9622:Internationalism 9612:Communitarianism 8976:Communist League 8879:Common ownership 8848:World revolution 8798:Free association 8722: 8715: 8708: 8699: 8698: 8666:"Cyber Leninism" 8539: 8524:. Translated by 8513: 8491: 8473: 8460:Marcuse, Herbert 8455: 8441: 8415: 8392:Gregor, A. James 8387: 8365: 8331: 8306: 8280: 8254: 8231: 8205: 8183: 8154: 8023: 8022: 8014: 8008: 8007: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7984: 7978: 7971: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7936: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7888:. Archived from 7887: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7863:. Archived from 7857: 7851: 7850: 7843:"Lenin's Legacy" 7839: 7833: 7832: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7789: 7783: 7782: 7773:. Archived from 7763: 7757: 7756: 7731: 7725: 7723: 7714:. Archived from 7708:Pannekoek, Anton 7704: 7698: 7697: 7692:. Archived from 7686: 7680: 7679: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7599:(1/3): 159–188. 7584: 7578: 7577: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7465: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7334:Penn State Press 7323: 7317: 7316: 7315:. pp. 1–65. 7306: 7295: 7294: 7279:. New York, NY: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7201: 7192:Deutscher, Isaac 7188: 7182: 7181: 7161: 7155: 7154: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7054:History Workshop 7045: 7039: 7038: 7014: 7008: 7007: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6890:Meade, Teresa A. 6886: 6880: 6879: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6788: 6779: 6778: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6693: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6618:Pipes, Richard. 6615: 6609: 6608: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6416: 6407: 6406: 6400: 6398: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6169: 6160: 6154: 6148: 6141: 6135: 6124:Collected Works, 6121: 6115: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6093: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6036: 6034: 6009: 6003: 6002: 5996: 5994: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5932:Deutscher, Isaac 5928: 5911: 5910: 5899: 5888: 5887: 5876: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5797:Deutscher, Isaac 5793: 5784: 5783: 5777: 5775: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5693: 5685: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5664: 5662: 5629: 5623: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5547:Gregor, A. James 5543: 5537: 5536: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5414: 5405: 5404: 5397: 5384: 5383: 5363: 5347:Yellow socialism 5325:Anti-imperialism 5284:enforced with a 5282:collectivisation 5235:The Lenin Legend 5206:Sylvia Pankhurst 5098:Right Opposition 5000: 4903:dissident Soviet 4782:against the new 4736:internment camps 4720:Edvard Radzinsky 4651:collectivisation 4635:soviet democracy 4588:world revolution 4569:Joint Opposition 4552:Nikolai Bukharin 4544:Grigory Zinoviev 4428:Marxism–Leninism 4414:Marxism–Leninism 4241: 4234: 4227: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4139:Collectivization 3999: 3998: 3963:De-Stalinization 3937:Marxism–Leninism 3932:Soviet democracy 3926: 3925: 3829:State Committees 3772: 3771: 3678: 3677: 3610: 3609: 3542: 3528: 3527: 3485:orthodox Marxism 3477:direct democracy 3475:, government by 3473:Bolshevik Russia 3429:social democracy 3284: 3283:, vol. 31, p. 23 3242: 3175:(1613–1917), as 3173:House of Romanov 3097:social democracy 3071:Friedrich Engels 3055: 3048: 3041: 3025: 3024: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2978:Workers' council 2799:Race & Class 1706:Frankfurt School 1673:Neo-Gramscianism 1646:Marxism–Leninism 1628: 1627: 1572:Cultural Studies 1529:World revolution 1474:Private property 1020:Prison Notebooks 920: 897: 896: 875:Grigory Zinoviev 855:orthodox Marxism 790:– with the 1917 705: 699: 679: 672: 665: 649: 648: 637: 636: 625: 624: 623: 602:Orthodox Marxism 407: 397: 387: 377: 367: 357: 347: 337: 327: 258:Grigory Zinoviev 243:Nikolai Bukharin 215:World revolution 205:Soviet democracy 140:Anti-imperialism 102:Marxism–Leninism 79: 69: 54: 53: 21:Marxism–Leninism 10991: 10990: 10986: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10980: 10961:Linear theories 10931: 10930: 10929: 10924: 10903: 10901: 10888: 10836: 10810: 10730: 10644: 10589: 10561: 10535:Internet domain 10530:Five-year plans 10492: 10459: 10399: 10302: 10264: 10196:Communist Party 10184: 10143:Passport system 10033: 10009:European Russia 9987: 9926: 9867:Khrushchev Thaw 9846:(World War II) 9824:Creation treaty 9778: 9772: 9742: 9737: 9725: 9715: 9713: 9705: 9580: 9549: 9507: 9429: 9051: 9000: 8962: 8898: 8869:Planned economy 8857: 8843:World communism 8818:Labour movement 8778:Communist state 8768:Communist party 8743:Anti-capitalism 8731: 8726: 8678:Anton Pannekoek 8634:Wayback Machine 8575: 8574: 8573: 8558: 8557: 8553: 8546: 8536: 8526:Shukman, Harold 8510: 8438: 8412: 8404:. p. 133. 8384: 8362: 8328: 8303: 8277: 8251: 8228: 8202: 8188:Liebman, Marcel 8180: 8162:, eds. (2007). 8032: 8030:Further reading 8027: 8026: 8015: 8011: 8000: 7996: 7985: 7981: 7969: 7967: 7963: 7953: 7951: 7937: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7904: 7900: 7892: 7885: 7876: 7872: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7841: 7840: 7836: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7790: 7786: 7767:Bordiga, Amadeo 7764: 7760: 7732: 7728: 7705: 7701: 7688: 7687: 7683: 7658: 7654: 7644: 7642: 7633: 7632: 7628: 7585: 7581: 7574: 7566:. p. 396. 7549: 7545: 7538: 7524: 7520: 7510: 7508: 7501: 7466: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7443: 7423: 7419: 7401: 7397: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7336:. p. 156. 7324: 7320: 7307: 7298: 7291: 7271: 7267: 7260: 7246: 7242: 7235: 7219: 7215: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7162: 7158: 7151: 7135: 7131: 7124: 7108: 7104: 7097: 7081: 7077: 7056:(29): 136–146. 7046: 7042: 7035: 7027:. p. 528. 7015: 7011: 6993: 6989: 6971: 6967: 6960: 6944: 6940: 6933: 6917: 6913: 6906: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6860: 6856: 6843: 6839: 6832: 6816: 6812: 6805: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6736: 6732: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6684: 6680: 6673: 6652: 6648: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6616: 6612: 6598: 6594: 6578: 6574: 6544: 6540: 6533: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6490: 6486: 6473: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6444: 6443: 6439: 6429: 6427: 6418: 6417: 6410: 6396: 6394: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6355: 6351: 6338: 6334: 6327: 6311: 6307: 6300: 6284: 6280: 6273: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6212: 6210: 6188: 6184: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6151: 6142: 6138: 6132:Wayback Machine 6119: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6091: 6089: 6088:on 13 June 2021 6069: 6065: 6050: 6046: 6032: 6030: 6029:on 13 June 2021 6010: 6006: 5992: 5990: 5970: 5966: 5955: 5951: 5929: 5914: 5900: 5891: 5877: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5845: 5842:Collected Works 5840: 5836: 5816: 5812: 5794: 5787: 5773: 5771: 5747: 5743: 5729: 5727: 5707: 5703: 5687: 5686: 5678: 5674: 5660: 5658: 5633:Lenin, Vladimir 5630: 5626: 5620:Collected Works 5613: 5609: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5559:. p. 133. 5544: 5540: 5533: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5464: 5460: 5446: 5442: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5416: 5415: 5408: 5399: 5398: 5387: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5355: 5321: 5264:, the theorist 5170:Bolshevik Party 5123: 5102:Left Opposition 5089:through to the 4983:Georgian affair 4947:Isaac Deutscher 4813:sexual equality 4752:one-party state 4748:ban on factions 4703: 4698: 4565:Left Opposition 4514: 4490:Main articles: 4488: 4448:Communist Party 4426:application of 4416: 4408:Main articles: 4406: 4401: 4364: 4336:—which are the 4287: 4245: 4216: 4212:Other countries 4200: 4198: 4193: 4192: 4104: 3996: 3988: 3987: 3959: 3923: 3913: 3912: 3881: 3873: 3872: 3807: 3769: 3761: 3760: 3675: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3607: 3605:Communist Party 3597: 3596: 3555: 3526: 3456: 3450: 3411:elected to the 3401: 3376:Based upon the 3374: 3368: 3302: 3296: 3291: 3289:Leninist praxis 3285: 3281:Collected Works 3279: 3243: 3239:Collected Works 3237: 3185: 3108:Imperial Russia 3081:working classes 3059: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2983: 2982: 2956:Universal class 2847:Conflict theory 2827: 2819: 2818: 2794:New Left Review 2749: 2741: 2740: 1881: 1871: 1870: 1801: 1791: 1790: 1701:Budapest School 1625: 1624:Common variants 1617: 1616: 1547: 1539: 1538: 1504: 1494: 1493: 1397:Critical theory 1357: 1347: 1346: 1327:Surplus product 1255: 1245: 1244: 1205: 1195: 1194: 1065:Reading Capital 930: 895: 834:and widespread 761:communist party 683: 643: 631: 621: 619: 612: 611: 565:De-Leninization 550: 542: 541: 419: 411: 410: 405: 395: 385: 375: 365: 355: 345: 335: 325: 316: 308: 307: 293:Antonio Gramsci 228: 220: 219: 200:Socialist state 135: 127: 126: 112:Right communism 87: 67: 46:to realise the 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10989: 10979: 10978: 10976:Vladimir Lenin 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10922: 10912: 10897: 10894: 10893: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10881: 10880: 10879: 10869: 10868: 10867: 10857: 10856: 10855: 10844: 10842: 10838: 10837: 10835: 10834: 10833: 10832: 10820: 10818: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10772: 10771: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10740: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10711: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10690: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10669: 10664: 10658: 10652: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10587: 10586: 10585: 10580: 10578:Rail transport 10575: 10573:Railway system 10565: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10506: 10504: 10498: 10497: 10494: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10469: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10446: 10445: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10409: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10398: 10397: 10396: 10395: 10369: 10368: 10367: 10362: 10352: 10347: 10346: 10345: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10323: 10318: 10312: 10310: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10300: 10295: 10293:Deputy Premier 10290: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10276:Heads of state 10272: 10270: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10250: 10244: 10241:Supreme Soviet 10238: 10232: 10231: 10230: 10225: 10224: 10223: 10218: 10208: 10203: 10192: 10190: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10182: 10177: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10158:State ideology 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10106: 10105: 10104: 10094: 10089: 10088: 10087: 10077: 10072: 10071: 10070: 10065: 10054: 10052: 10045: 10039: 10038: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10024:Ural Mountains 10021: 10016: 10014:North Caucasus 10011: 10006: 10001: 9995: 9993: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9963: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9945: 9943: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9858: 9857: 9852: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9794: 9788: 9786: 9780: 9779: 9771: 9770: 9763: 9756: 9748: 9739: 9738: 9736: 9735: 9723: 9710: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9588: 9586: 9585:Related topics 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9561:Anti-communism 9557: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9540: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9517: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9464: 9463: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9437: 9435: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9061: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9008: 9006: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8972: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8948: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8931: 8930: 8929: 8924: 8914: 8908: 8906: 8900: 8899: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8865: 8863: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8748:Class conflict 8745: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8732: 8725: 8724: 8717: 8710: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8685: 8675: 8669: 8663: 8653: 8646:Rosa Luxemburg 8643: 8637: 8618: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8597: 8589: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8544:External links 8542: 8541: 8540: 8534: 8514: 8508: 8492: 8474: 8456: 8442: 8437:978-1786631886 8436: 8416: 8410: 8388: 8382: 8370:Le Blanc, Paul 8366: 8360: 8336:Gorter, Herman 8332: 8326: 8311:Wilson, Edmund 8307: 8301: 8281: 8275: 8259:Stalin, Joseph 8255: 8249: 8232: 8226: 8206: 8200: 8184: 8179:978-0822339410 8178: 8155: 8153:. No. 11. 8134: 8133: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8099: 8098: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8056: 8050: 8044: 8031: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8009: 7994: 7979: 7961: 7931: 7898: 7870: 7852: 7834: 7816: 7784: 7758: 7744:Living Marxism 7726: 7699: 7681: 7670:(3): 391–413. 7652: 7626: 7579: 7572: 7543: 7536: 7518: 7499: 7469:Geyer, Michael 7460: 7441: 7417: 7395: 7388: 7368: 7349: 7342: 7318: 7296: 7289: 7265: 7258: 7240: 7233: 7213: 7183: 7176: 7156: 7149: 7129: 7122: 7102: 7095: 7075: 7040: 7033: 7009: 6987: 6965: 6958: 6938: 6931: 6911: 6904: 6881: 6874: 6854: 6837: 6830: 6810: 6803: 6780: 6773: 6755: 6748: 6730: 6711: 6704: 6678: 6671: 6646: 6625: 6610: 6592: 6581:Trotsky, L. D. 6572: 6538: 6531: 6511: 6504: 6484: 6467: 6437: 6408: 6374: 6367: 6349: 6332: 6325: 6305: 6298: 6278: 6271: 6251: 6244: 6224: 6182: 6161: 6159:(2000) p. 837. 6149: 6136: 6103: 6063: 6060:. p. 189. 6044: 6004: 5964: 5949: 5912: 5889: 5866: 5834: 5810: 5785: 5741: 5701: 5672: 5624: 5614:Lenin, V. I., 5607: 5594:10.2307/443211 5572: 5565: 5538: 5531: 5509: 5478:(2): 165–198. 5458: 5451:, ed. (2007). 5440: 5426: 5406: 5385: 5378: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5317: 5293:vanguard-party 5194:Amadeo Bordiga 5166:left communism 5154:, such as the 5135:Rosa Luxemburg 5122: 5119: 5111:foreign policy 5027:Old Bolsheviks 4951:Boris Bazhanov 4901:and otherwise 4837:military ranks 4776:Marcel Liebman 4715:Robert Service 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4690:Old Bolsheviks 4567:and the later 4487: 4484: 4472:Tsarist Empire 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4377:taught by the 4363: 4360: 4322:class struggle 4286: 4283: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4214: 4208: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4113: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4064: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4029:Kosygin reform 4026: 4024:Five-Year Plan 4021: 4019:Consumer goods 4016: 4008: 4007: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3965: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3934: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3903:People's Court 3900: 3899: 3898: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3859:Deputy Premier 3856: 3848: 3847: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3818: 3817: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3788:Official names 3784: 3781: 3780: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3737: 3736: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3707: 3706: 3703:Supreme Soviet 3698: 3697: 3696: 3695: 3687: 3686: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3575:Vice President 3572: 3562: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3535: 3534: 3525: 3522: 3452:Main article: 3449: 3446: 3400: 3397: 3370:Main article: 3367: 3364: 3359:labour strikes 3321:vanguard party 3298:Main article: 3295: 3294:Vanguard party 3292: 3290: 3287: 3277: 3235: 3184: 3181: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3057: 3050: 3043: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3029: 3017: 3005: 2993: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2961:Vulgar Marxism 2958: 2953: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2828: 2826:Related topics 2825: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2789:Monthly Review 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2769:Constellations 2766: 2761: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1799:Other variants 1797: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1683:Third-worldist 1680: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1643: 1635: 1634: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1592:Historiography 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1509:Class struggle 1505: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1464:Metabolic rift 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1240:Marxist ethics 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1085:Ways of Seeing 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 931: 926: 925: 922: 921: 913: 912: 906: 905: 894: 891: 792:Decree on Land 724:vanguard party 716:Vladimir Lenin 714:revolutionary 685: 684: 682: 681: 674: 667: 659: 656: 655: 654: 653: 641: 629: 614: 613: 610: 609: 604: 599: 594: 593: 592: 590:Left communism 587: 582: 572: 567: 562: 557: 551: 549:Related topics 548: 547: 544: 543: 540: 539: 534: 529: 528: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 467: 466: 465: 460: 450: 445: 444: 443: 433: 432: 431: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 409: 408: 398: 388: 378: 368: 358: 348: 338: 328: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 283:Amadeo Bordiga 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 233:Vladimir Lenin 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 218: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 170:Liquidationism 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 136: 133: 132: 129: 128: 125: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 85: 84: 81: 80: 72: 71: 63: 62: 44:vanguard party 37:Vladimir Lenin 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10988: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10921: 10913: 10911: 10910: 10899: 10898: 10895: 10885: 10882: 10878: 10875: 10874: 10873: 10870: 10866: 10863: 10862: 10861: 10858: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10839: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10817: 10813: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10781:Printed media 10779: 10777: 10774: 10770: 10767: 10766: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10715: 10714:Cyrillisation 10712: 10710: 10707: 10706: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10682:Working class 10680: 10678: 10677:Soviet people 10675: 10674: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10647: 10639: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10525:Energy policy 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10499: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10444: 10441: 10440: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10402: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10370: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10305: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10274: 10273: 10271: 10267: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10253:Supreme Court 10251: 10248: 10245: 10242: 10239: 10236: 10233: 10229: 10226: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10198: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10181: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10115: 10112: 10111: 10110: 10107: 10103: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10040: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9990: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9972: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9856: 9855:The Holocaust 9853: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9781: 9776: 9769: 9764: 9762: 9757: 9755: 9750: 9749: 9746: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9722: 9712: 9711: 9708: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9696:War communism 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9583: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9552: 9545: 9541: 9538: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9510: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9462: 9459: 9458: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9432: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9420:Moufawad-Paul 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005:Organisations 9003: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8969: 8965: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8932: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8723: 8718: 8716: 8711: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8700: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8683: 8679: 8676: 8673: 8670: 8667: 8664: 8661: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8647: 8644: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8623: 8622: 8615: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8598: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8580: 8579: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8537: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8511: 8509:9781101871638 8505: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8478:Lukacs, Georg 8475: 8471: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8424:Žižek, Slavoj 8421: 8417: 8413: 8411:0-300-07827-7 8407: 8403: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8383:0-391-03604-1 8379: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8327:0-7538-1800-0 8323: 8319: 8317: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8302:0-7453-2491-6 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8285:James, C.L.R. 8282: 8278: 8276:0-89875-212-4 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8250:0-8223-1867-9 8246: 8242: 8238: 8233: 8229: 8227:0-86091-739-8 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8210:Medvedev, Roy 8207: 8203: 8201:0-85036-261-X 8197: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8160:Žižek, Slavoj 8156: 8152: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8138: 8137:Other authors 8131: 8127: 8124: 8121:Moshe Lewin. 8120: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8104: 8103: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8039: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8020: 8013: 8006:. p. 30. 8005: 7998: 7991:. p. 61. 7990: 7983: 7976: 7972: 7965: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7940:Chomsky, Noam 7935: 7919: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7902: 7891: 7884: 7880: 7879:Dauvé, Gilles 7874: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7848: 7844: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7820: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7798: 7794: 7793:Mattick, Paul 7788: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7762: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7745: 7740: 7736: 7730: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7703: 7695: 7691: 7685: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7656: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7583: 7575: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7560: 7553: 7547: 7539: 7533: 7529: 7522: 7506: 7502: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7474: 7470: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7438: 7435:. p. 1. 7434: 7430: 7429: 7421: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7391: 7385: 7381: 7380: 7372: 7364: 7360: 7353: 7345: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7330: 7322: 7314: 7313: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7292: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7277: 7269: 7261: 7255: 7251: 7244: 7236: 7230: 7226: 7225: 7217: 7209: 7205: 7200: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7179: 7173: 7169: 7168: 7160: 7152: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7133: 7125: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7106: 7098: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7079: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7044: 7036: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6974:Medvedev, Roy 6969: 6961: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6942: 6934: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6915: 6907: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6885: 6877: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6858: 6850: 6849: 6841: 6833: 6827: 6823: 6822: 6814: 6806: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6787: 6785: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6759: 6751: 6745: 6741: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6715: 6707: 6701: 6697: 6692: 6691: 6682: 6674: 6672:0-385-47954-9 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6629: 6621: 6614: 6606: 6602: 6596: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6551:"The Old Man" 6548: 6542: 6534: 6528: 6524: 6523: 6515: 6507: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6488: 6480: 6479: 6471: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6404: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6383:Trotsky, Leon 6378: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6353: 6345: 6344: 6336: 6328: 6322: 6318: 6317: 6309: 6301: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6282: 6274: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6255: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6228: 6220: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6158: 6153: 6146: 6140: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6117: 6107: 6099: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6048: 6040: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6000: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5968: 5960: 5953: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5843: 5838: 5830: 5829:Penguin Books 5826: 5825: 5820: 5814: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5790: 5781: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5737: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5683: 5676: 5668: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5568: 5566:0-300-07827-7 5562: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5534: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5513: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5436: 5430: 5422: 5421: 5413: 5411: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5381: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5262:communisation 5259: 5255: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5198:Herman Gorter 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5083:Moscow Trials 5080: 5075: 5074:Vadim Rogovin 5070: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5043:George Novack 5038: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5014:Secret Speech 5011: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4979:foreign trade 4976: 4975:Orlando Figes 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4939:Soviet Russia 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4899:post–Cold War 4896: 4889: 4888:Soviet Russia 4885: 4881: 4877: 4872: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4833:Russification 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4707:Richard Pipes 4693: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4682:Moscow Trials 4679: 4675: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4658:cult of Lenin 4654: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4584:Roy W. Howard 4581: 4577: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4538: 4537:Joseph Stalin 4534: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4420:Revolutionary 4415: 4411: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4369: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4341: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4326:ethnocentrism 4323: 4319: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4299:ethnocentrism 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4266:profit motive 4263: 4259: 4255: 4254:war communism 4242: 4237: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4197: 4196: 4185: 4184:Soviet Empire 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4059:War communism 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3992: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3956: 3955:Khrushchevism 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3892: 3891:Supreme Court 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3765: 3764: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3671: 3670: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3587:State Council 3585: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3521: 3518: 3517:White Armies' 3514: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3466: 3460: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3347:possible. In 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3329:working class 3326: 3322: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3301: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3255: 3254: 3248: 3240: 3234: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2934:Revolutionary 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2914:Authoritarian 2912: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2716:Moufawad-Paul 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1826:Eurocommunism 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1811:Austromarxism 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1757:Communization 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1731:Praxis School 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1621: 1620: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1489:Working class 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1270:Crisis theory 1268: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1198: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 932: 929: 924: 923: 919: 915: 914: 911: 908: 907: 903: 899: 898: 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 873:(1924), when 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 796:war communism 793: 789: 788:Soviet Russia 785: 781: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 704: 695: 691: 680: 675: 673: 668: 666: 661: 660: 658: 657: 652: 647: 642: 640: 635: 630: 628: 618: 617: 616: 615: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 577: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 546: 545: 538: 535: 533: 530: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 495:War communism 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 472: 471: 468: 464: 461: 459: 456: 455: 454: 451: 449: 446: 442: 439: 438: 437: 434: 430: 427: 426: 425: 422: 421: 415: 414: 404: 403: 399: 394: 393: 389: 384: 383: 379: 374: 373: 369: 364: 363: 359: 354: 353: 349: 344: 343: 339: 334: 333: 329: 324: 323: 319: 318: 312: 311: 304: 303:Antonio Negri 301: 299: 298:Kwame Nkrumah 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 278:György Lukács 276: 274: 271: 269: 268:Andrei Bubnov 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 253:Joseph Stalin 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 230: 224: 223: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 137: 131: 130: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 83: 82: 78: 74: 73: 70: 65: 64: 60: 56: 55: 49: 45: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 10900: 10672:Demographics 10662:Antisemitism 10515:Central Bank 10433:Forced labor 10381:Spetsnaz GRU 10201:organisation 10167: 10109:Human rights 10058:Constitution 9941:Subdivisions 9819:Russian SFSR 9775:Soviet Union 9607:Anti-fascism 9493:Soviet Union 8921: 8874:Gift economy 8833:Wage slavery 8688:Paul Mattick 8620: 8619: 8600: 8592: 8584: 8577: 8576: 8554: 8521: 8499: 8481: 8463: 8449: 8427: 8396: 8373: 8351: 8314: 8288: 8262: 8236: 8213: 8191: 8164: 8148: 8136: 8135: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8108: 8101: 8100: 8097:, 1923–1924. 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8018: 8012: 8003: 7997: 7988: 7982: 7964: 7952:. Retrieved 7934: 7922:. Retrieved 7911: 7901: 7890:the original 7873: 7865:the original 7855: 7847:the original 7837: 7829:the original 7819: 7807:the original 7800: 7787: 7775:the original 7761: 7749:the original 7742: 7729: 7716:the original 7702: 7694:the original 7684: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7643:. Retrieved 7629: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7558: 7552:third period 7546: 7527: 7521: 7509:. Retrieved 7477: 7463: 7451:. Retrieved 7427: 7420: 7410:– via 7398: 7378: 7371: 7362: 7352: 7328: 7321: 7311: 7281:Viking Books 7275: 7268: 7249: 7243: 7223: 7216: 7197: 7186: 7166: 7159: 7139: 7132: 7112: 7105: 7085: 7078: 7053: 7043: 7019: 7012: 6999: 6996:Lewin, Moshe 6990: 6977: 6968: 6948: 6941: 6921: 6914: 6894: 6884: 6864: 6857: 6847: 6840: 6820: 6813: 6793: 6764: 6758: 6739: 6733: 6720: 6714: 6689: 6681: 6663:Anchor Books 6658: 6649: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6619: 6613: 6604: 6595: 6584: 6575: 6558: 6554: 6541: 6521: 6514: 6494: 6487: 6477: 6470: 6458:. Retrieved 6449: 6440: 6428:. Retrieved 6401:– via 6395:. Retrieved 6377: 6358: 6352: 6342: 6335: 6315: 6308: 6288: 6281: 6261: 6254: 6234: 6227: 6217:– via 6211:. Retrieved 6207:the original 6198: 6191:Lenin, V. I. 6185: 6176: 6156: 6152: 6144: 6139: 6123: 6106: 6096:– via 6090:. Retrieved 6086:the original 6076: 6072:Lenin, V. I. 6066: 6053: 6047: 6037:– via 6031:. Retrieved 6027:the original 6017: 6013:Lenin, V. I. 6007: 5997:– via 5991:. Retrieved 5987:the original 5977: 5973:Lenin, V. I. 5967: 5958: 5952: 5937: 5906: 5903:Lewin, Moshe 5883: 5857:. Retrieved 5847: 5841: 5837: 5823: 5813: 5800: 5778:– via 5772:. Retrieved 5768:the original 5758: 5750:Lenin, V. I. 5744: 5734:– via 5728:. Retrieved 5724:the original 5714: 5710:Lenin, V. I. 5704: 5681: 5675: 5665:– via 5659:. Retrieved 5647:Soviet Union 5641: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5585: 5581: 5575: 5551: 5541: 5518: 5512: 5500:. Retrieved 5475: 5471: 5461: 5452: 5443: 5434: 5429: 5418: 5417:"Leninism". 5400: 5368: 5361: 5290: 5286:police state 5278:Noam Chomsky 5273: 5266:Gilles Dauvé 5251: 5234: 5228: 5218: 5202:Paul Mattick 5159: 5143:partitioning 5130: 5124: 5095: 5071: 5063: 5039: 5008: 4955:Pierre Broue 4929:such as the 4915:Leon Trotsky 4911:totalitarian 4907:Roy Medvedev 4893: 4823:. Historian 4788:collaborated 4780:took up arms 4768: 4704: 4674:antisemitism 4671: 4655: 4628: 4592: 4573: 4550:, then with 4541: 4529:Leon Trotsky 4526: 4521:Leon Trotsky 4480: 4476:Leon Trotsky 4465: 4422:Russia, the 4417: 4390: 4383:exploitation 4373: 4365: 4355: 4349: 4339: 4330:intellectual 4315: 4310: 4302: 4288: 4250: 4144:Human rights 4134:Gulag system 4109: 4080:Demographics 4067: 4002: 3974: 3967: 3944: 3842: 3812: 3777:Constitution 3775: 3731: 3701: 3681: 3634: 3501: 3496: 3488: 3470: 3463: 3442:Leon Trotsky 3438:middle-class 3402: 3392: 3386: 3375: 3348: 3318: 3313: 3305: 3303: 3280: 3268: 3260: 3258: 3251: 3238: 3229: 3223: 3188: 3186: 3152:April Theses 3150: 3148: 3136:social class 3105: 3074: 3064: 2899:Municipalism 2711:Bhattacharya 1856:Situationist 1831:Instrumental 1766: 1484:State theory 1449:Immiseration 1444:Human nature 1434:Exploitation 1264:accumulation 882: 878: 863:emancipation 848: 777: 754: 752: 689: 688: 585:Luxemburgism 520:Soviet Union 429:2nd Congress 400: 390: 380: 370: 360: 350: 340: 330: 320: 263:Alexei Rykov 238:Leon Trotsky 66: 29: 10776:Phraseology 10721:Prohibition 10709:Linguistics 10694:Drug policy 10687:1989 census 10608:Cybernetics 10510:Agriculture 10423:Great Purge 10385:Soviet Navy 10377:Soviet Army 10249:(1989–1991) 10243:(1938–1991) 10237:(1922–1936) 10221:Secretariat 10092:Gun control 9999:Caspian Sea 9983:Closed city 9912:Dissolution 9897:Perestroika 9839:Great Purge 9691:Trade union 9649:LGBT rights 9483:Philippines 8934:Pre-Marxist 8927:Libertarian 8656:Karl Korsch 8420:Lenin, V.I. 8348:Rühle, Otto 8293:Pluto Press 8218:Verso Books 7924:19 February 7735:Rühle, Otto 7404:Cliff, Tony 7206:. pp. 7025:Verso Books 6982:Verso Books 6460:17 December 6430:17 December 6397:28 November 6340:V.L.Lenin. 6213:30 November 6092:30 November 6033:30 November 5774:30 November 5730:30 November 5309:Third World 5188:(1919) and 5178:proletariat 4861:bottlenecks 4686:Great Purge 4626:'s policy. 4561:free speech 4548:Lev Kamenev 4379:bourgeoisie 4291:nationalism 4129:Great Purge 4095:Phraseology 4014:Agriculture 3969:Perestroika 3844:Premiership 3674:Legislature 3652:Secretariat 3403:Before the 3341:proletariat 3337:bourgeoisie 3300:Vanguardism 3183:Imperialism 3179:of Russia. 3144:bourgeoisie 3140:land reform 3132:semi-feudal 3120:bourgeoisie 3116:proletariat 2862:Communalism 2261:Wallerstein 1851:Revisionist 1582:Film theory 1562:Criminology 1557:Archaeology 1469:Proletariat 1454:Imperialism 1367:Bourgeoisie 1342:Wage labour 1235:Reification 1030:On Practice 736:imperialism 580:Libertarian 288:Ho Chi Minh 248:Lev Kamenev 210:Vanguardism 10935:Categories 10816:Opposition 10806:Television 10786:Propaganda 10759:Literature 10633:Naukograds 10628:Sharashkas 10562:(currency) 10540:Inventions 10483:Censorship 10413:Red Terror 10097:Government 9971:Autonomous 9954:Autonomous 9887:Stagnation 9850:Evacuation 9300:Berlinguer 9190:Khrushchev 8168:. Durham: 5993:2 December 5827:. London: 5752:(1965) . 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Verso. 8102:Histories 7954:8 October 7645:2 January 7613:0039-3797 7511:7 October 7453:7 October 7428:Stalinism 7062:0309-2984 6567:0260-9592 6193:(1965) . 5690:cite book 5661:5 January 5492:149135486 5254:Bordigism 5184:at their 5127:socialism 5117:matters. 5107:economics 4963:Stalinism 4897:and some 4865:shortages 4850:Menshevik 4760:Bolshevik 4728:civil war 4711:Stalinism 4709:consider 4624:Comintern 4580:socialism 4444:communism 4424:Stalinist 4410:Stalinism 4372:cultural 4338:cultural 4085:Education 4054:Transport 3950:Stalinism 3880:Judiciary 3723:Presidium 3647:Politburo 3565:President 3524:Economics 3425:Fabianism 3345:socialism 3327:with the 3201:to their 3089:communism 3067:Karl Marx 2966:Economism 2929:Reformist 2909:Socialism 2857:Communism 2837:Anarchism 2691:Coulthard 2616:McDonnell 2576:Screpanti 2486:Rowbotham 2351:Harnecker 2161:Althusser 2101:Deutscher 1941:Kollontai 1931:Luxemburg 1911:Plekhanov 1841:Nkrumaism 1752:Classical 1726:Political 1651:Guevarism 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