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in a desperate attempt to secure military aid. The emperor was welcomed with honours, but secured no definite pledges of support. The city was relieved when
Bayezid had to confront the invasion of
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was launched to relieve the city, but it was decisively defeated by the
Ottomans. In 1399, a French expeditionary force under
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638:"The First Siege of Constantinople by the Ottomans (1394-1402) and its Repercussions on the Civilian Population of the City"
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strait, Bayezid tried to starve the city into submission by blockading it both by land and, less effectively, by sea.
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Necipoğlu, Nevra (2009). "The First
Challenge: Bayezid I's Siege of Constantinople (1394–1402)".
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arrived, but was unable to achieve much. The situation became so dire that in
December 1399 the
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Byzantium between the
Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire
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658:"The Russian Aid to Byzantium during the Turkish Siege of Constantinople, 1394–1402"
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Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425): A Study in Late
Byzantine Statesmanship
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315:
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Bayezid retreated after hearing that Timur had invaded
Anatolia.
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enabled the
Byzantines to regain some lost territories in the
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Constantinople in 1422; the oldest surviving map of the city
689:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–183.
334:
665:
Prague Papers on the
History of International Relations
635:
521:
in 1394–1402 was a long blockade of the capital of the
16:
1394–1402 siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire
678:(PhD thesis) (in French). University of Montreal.
2084:
53:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
719:
372:
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636:Bernincolas-Hatzopoulos, Dionysios (1983).
613:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
726:
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379:
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84:Learn how and when to remove this message
655:
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572:, left the city to tour the courts of
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545:. After constructing the fortress of
360:
2123:Sieges of the Byzantine–Ottoman wars
25:
2133:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
13:
19:For other sieges of the city, see
14:
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580:in 1402. Bayezid's defeat in the
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275:
256:
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21:list of sieges of Constantinople
672:Hadjopoulos, Dionysios (1980).
541:had cut off the city from its
1:
2108:1400s in the Byzantine Empire
2103:1390s in the Byzantine Empire
595:
533:. Already in 1391, the rapid
347:Location within Mediterranean
7:
2118:1400s in the Ottoman Empire
2113:1390s in the Ottoman Empire
584:in 1402 and the subsequent
175:41.01224000°N 28.97601806°E
10:
2149:
600:
106:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
99:Blockade of Constantinople
18:
2071:Ottoman defeats shown in
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2005:
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838:
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398:
321:
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2128:Sieges of Constantinople
607:Barker, John W. (1969).
180:41.01224000; 28.97601806
39:This article includes a
619:2027/heb.02900.0001.001
519:siege of Constantinople
68:more precise citations.
656:Brandejs, Jan (2015).
390:Byzantine–Ottoman wars
269:Commanders and leaders
110:Byzantine-Ottoman wars
570:Manuel II Palaiologos
282:Manuel II Palaiologos
562:Marshal de Boucicaut
558:Crusade of Nicopolis
344:class=notpageimage|
304:Marshal de Boucicaut
293:John VII Palaiologos
239:Crusade of Nicopolis
590:Treaty of Gallipoli
171: /
495:4th Constantinople
484:3rd Constantinople
479:2nd Constantinople
474:1st Constantinople
41:list of references
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2016:
1994:
1983:
1945:
1934:
1905:
1894:
1883:
1872:
1852:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1779:
1768:
1757:
1737:
1726:
1706:
1695:
1684:
1664:
1642:
1613:
1593:
1582:
1571:
1560:
1540:
1484:
1444:
1388:
1377:
1366:
1355:
1344:
1324:
1241:
1230:
1183:
1154:
1098:
1058:
1029:
1009:
998:
987:
976:
947:
918:
889:
872:Thessalonica
860:
849:
828:
827:
765:Kulaca Hisar
742:Major sieges
685:
674:
664:
648:
644:
609:
555:
518:
516:
473:
464:Philadelphia
404:Kulaca Hisar
214:Belligerents
147:(modern-day
104:Part of the
80:
74:October 2023
71:
60:Please help
52:
1917:Missolonghi
1907:Missolonghi
1896:Missolonghi
1562:Santa Maura
1476:Nagykanizsa
1253:Castelnuovo
651:(1): 39–51.
178: /
66:introducing
2087:Categories
2029:Adrianople
1975:Sevastopol
1885:Tripolitsa
1605:Negroponte
1573:Érsekújvár
1427:Gvozdansko
1100:Cephalonia
1021:Negroponte
801:Adrianople
748:by century
667:(1): 7–16.
596:References
543:hinterland
459:Adrianople
2055:1916–1919
1926:Acropolis
1874:Acropolis
1519:1648–1669
1514:Novi Zrin
1409:Famagusta
1400:Szigetvar
1280:Esztergom
959:Trebizond
910:Svetigrad
901:Novo Brdo
868:1422–1430
824:1394–1402
792:Nicomedia
788:1333–1337
779:1328–1331
754:13th-14th
531:Bayezid I
505:Trebizond
449:Gallipoli
444:Nicomedia
434:Pelekanon
316:Bayezid I
134:1394–1402
1966:Silistra
1854:Belgrade
1803:El Arish
1781:Belgrade
1749:Belgrade
1708:Belgrade
1697:Temeşvar
1625:Belgrade
1615:Belgrade
1532:Kamenets
1336:Temesvár
1119:Belgrade
968:Mytilene
949:Belgrade
891:Belgrade
551:Bosporus
149:Istanbul
139:Location
108:and the
2073:italics
2046:1915–16
2024:1912–13
2018:Scutari
2013:1912–13
1971:1854–55
1957:Calafat
1922:1826–27
1913:1825–26
1869:1821–22
1787:1789–90
1759:Ochakov
1739:Ochakov
1723:1734–35
1718:Baghdad
1676:Nauplia
1496:Baghdad
1405:1570–71
1368:Bahrain
1307:Tripoli
1213:Baghdad
1191:1533–34
1185:Maribor
1070:Otranto
1050:Scutari
1046:1478–79
1037:1477–78
1031:Scutari
995:1466–67
897:1440–41
881:Golubac
819:Tarnovo
601:Sources
539:Balkans
537:in the
529:Sultan
527:Ottoman
525:by the
414:Bapheus
62:improve
2060:Medina
2057:
2048:
2037:
2026:
2015:
1996:Plevna
1993:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1944:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1904:
1893:
1882:
1871:
1864:Patras
1862:
1851:
1842:
1822:
1811:
1800:
1792:Izmail
1789:
1778:
1770:Khotin
1767:
1756:
1747:
1736:
1725:
1716:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1674:
1666:Brăila
1663:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1612:
1603:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1550:
1542:Vienna
1539:
1530:
1523:Candia
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1486:Khotyn
1483:
1474:
1454:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1387:
1376:
1365:
1354:
1343:
1334:
1326:Hormuz
1323:
1316:Muscat
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1240:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1156:Vienna
1153:
1144:
1137:Rhodes
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1097:
1079:Chilia
1077:
1068:
1060:Rhodes
1057:
1048:
1039:
1028:
1019:
1008:
997:
986:
975:
966:
957:
946:
937:
928:
917:
908:
899:
888:
879:
870:
859:
848:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
783:Nicaea
781:
772:
763:
693:
625:
439:Nicaea
419:Dimbos
409:İnegöl
248:
225:
191:Result
153:Turkey
1947:Varna
1844:Cairo
1814:Jaffa
1728:Ganja
1686:Corfu
1505:Uyvar
1446:Sisak
1436:Bihać
1418:Tunis
1390:Malta
1232:Corfu
1204:Tunis
1195:Coron
1110:Cairo
1041:Krujë
1011:Krujë
1000:Krujë
989:Jajce
978:Jajce
939:Berat
920:Krujë
810:Sofia
797:1360s
774:Bursa
661:(PDF)
641:(PDF)
578:Timur
500:Morea
429:Bursa
47:, or
2035:1915
2006:20th
1991:1877
1985:Kars
1980:1855
1962:1854
1953:1854
1942:1828
1936:Kars
1931:1828
1902:1823
1891:1822
1880:1821
1860:1821
1849:1806
1840:1801
1833:19th
1824:Acre
1820:1799
1809:1799
1798:1799
1776:1789
1765:1788
1754:1788
1745:1739
1734:1737
1714:1733
1703:1717
1692:1716
1681:1716
1672:1715
1661:1711
1654:18th
1644:Azov
1639:1696
1634:Azov
1630:1695
1621:1690
1610:1688
1601:1688
1595:Pécs
1590:1686
1584:Buda
1579:1686
1568:1685
1557:1684
1552:Buda
1548:1684
1537:1683
1528:1672
1510:1664
1501:1663
1492:1638
1481:1621
1472:1601
1465:17th
1456:Eger
1452:1596
1441:1593
1432:1592
1423:1578
1414:1574
1396:1566
1385:1565
1379:Oran
1374:1563
1363:1559
1357:Oran
1352:1556
1346:Eger
1341:1552
1332:1552
1321:1552
1312:1552
1303:1551
1294:1548
1289:Aden
1285:1548
1276:1543
1271:Nice
1267:1543
1262:Buda
1258:1541
1249:1539
1238:1538
1227:1537
1222:Klis
1218:1537
1209:1534
1200:1534
1180:1532
1171:1532
1162:1531
1151:1529
1142:1529
1133:1522
1128:Knin
1124:1522
1115:1521
1106:1517
1095:1500
1088:16th
1075:1484
1066:1481
1055:1480
1026:1474
1017:1470
1006:1467
984:1464
973:1463
964:1462
955:1461
944:1456
935:1455
926:1453
915:1450
906:1448
886:1440
877:1428
857:1422
846:1411
839:15th
815:1393
806:1385
770:1326
761:1285
691:ISBN
623:ISBN
556:The
517:The
131:Date
2050:Kut
2040:Van
1298:Van
1243:Diu
1166:Diu
615:hdl
2089::
663:.
649:10
647:.
643:.
621:.
592:.
568:,
151:,
51:,
43:,
2075:.
727:e
720:t
713:v
699:.
631:.
617::
380:e
373:t
366:v
155:)
87:)
81:(
76:)
72:(
58:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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