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999:
the fortress, where its defense was most damaged. The fifth column was making a distracting detour with the task of breaking into the city along the seashore. The entire cavalry and 16 guns were allocated to the reserve in case of an attack by the highlanders from the rear. At midnight on June 22 (July 3 N.S.), 1791, all siege batteries began a powerful bombardment of the fortress, under the cover of which the attacking columns secretly reached their starting lines.
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927:. The fortress was built on a promontory protruding into the sea and adjoined the sea on three sides. Only one eastern side adjoined the land, which was protected by a high rampart and a deep ditch with sheer walls. The shaft and ditch were partially paved with stone, 4 bastions were built on the shaft, as well as a powerful fortification to protect the fortress gates.
1006:, a Chechen sheikh who fought for Circassia. At 4 o'clock in the morning the assault began. The Russian troops broke into the ditch and began to climb the walls, but there they were met with strong return fire from the defenders. With great difficulty, the attackers managed to break into the shaft, where the battle reached extreme bitterness.
974:. Preparations for the campaign were very serious, taking into account previous failures: the troops were supplied with everything necessary, rear communications were arranged in the form of a chain of small fortifications (the total number of their garrisons was up to 2,500 people), and food transports were prepared.
981:
On May 29 (O.S.), 1791, Gudovich's detachment crossed the Kuban. The
Russian camp was established and in June the first siege battery for 10 guns was laid. Circassian tribes near the region raided Gudovich's camp in an attempt to assist the Turkish castle. Gudovich conducted several strategies to cut
1016:
Once the
Russian army entered the fortress, as per Gudovich's orders, the Anapa fort were razed to the ground, wells were poisoned and houses were burned. The entire fort was destroyed. In memory of the capture of the fortress, only one gate was left. After that, the Russian troops left the ruins of
998:
Having no funds for a long-term siege, the
Russians constantly attacked from the rear and having received information about the approach of the Turkish fleet with reinforcements to Anapa, Gudovich decided to storm Anapa. 5 attacking columns were formed, four of which struck in the southern part of
1012:
Having sent the last reserve into battle, Gudovich directed his attack on the fortress gates. They managed to capture and open, after which part of the cavalry received an order to break into the city, partly on horseback, partly on dismount. Only then was it possible to break the organized
934:
and entered the territory of
Western Circassia. Bibikov managed to reach Anapa, but failed to capture the castle. He also suffered heavy losses during his retreat. After this defeat, Bibikov was removed from his post and Circassian attacks on Russian forts increased significantly.
1055:
The battle lasted over 5 hours. Of the garrison, about 8,000 people died, 13,532 defenders were taken prisoner. A small part (about 150 people) escaped on ships. Almost all artillery was captured or destroyed (83 cannons and 12 mortars), 130 banners were taken.
1170:
W.E.D. Allen ve ölü Paul
Muratoff, Kafkas Harekatı 1828-1921 Türk-Kafkas Snırındaki Harplerin Tarihi, Gnkur Basımevi, Ankara, 1966, s. 18; Adıge tarihçisi Ashad K'ırğ, Tehlike Hep Kuzeyden Geliyordu, Kuzey Kafkasya KD, sayı 85-86, İstanbul, 1992, s.
1036:
Your
Majesty's command has been carried out, Anapa was taken this day at 7 o'clock in the morning. The assault was brutal and bloody, the enemy defended for 5 hours. The victory was finally, with the blessing of the Almighty, carried out
1322:Бантыш-Каменский Д. Н. 39-й генерал-фельдмаршал граф Иван Васильевич Гудович // Биографии российских генералиссимусов и генерал-фельдмаршалов. В 4 частях. Репринтное воспроизведение издания 1840 года. — Пушкино: Культура, 1991.
982:
off Anapa from the assistance of
Circassians. On June, 4 more siege batteries for 32 guns were erected, during continuous bombardment great destruction was made in the fortress, part of the fortress artillery was destroyed.
326:
893:) in Eastern Circassia, turning it into a Russian fortress. Thus began the first hostilities between the Circassians and the Russian Empire. The Circassians repeatedly asked the Ottomans for help, to no avail.
977:
The total number of the detachment was more than 15 thousand people. The Anapa garrison consisted of 15,000 Turks and
Circassians, had 95 guns, and there were several ships armed with guns in the harbor.
1319:Анапа // . — СПб. ; : Тип. т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1911. — С. 417—419. — (Военная энциклопедия : / под ред. В. Ф. Новицкого … ; 1911—1915, т. 2).
1009:
Soon after the start of the assault, an 8,000 men army of
Circassians and Turks conducted a surprise attack into the Russian camp, but could not break into it, and were defeated after a fierce battle.
616:
915:, the Ottomans, under the leadership of French engineers, built a strong fortress in order to ensure Turkish influence in Circassia and as a base for future operations against Russia in the
889:
the
Russian army started entering Circassia and started the construction of forts in an attempt to quickly annex Circassia. In 1763, Russian forces occupied the town of Mezdeug (modern-day
904:. The Russians were continuing their efforts in the Russo-Circassian War to annex Circassia. The Circassians requested help and alliance from the Ottomans. The Ottomans also appointed
1347:Энциклопедия военных и морских наук: в 8 томах / Под ред. Г. А. Леера. — СПб.: Тип. В. Безобразова и К°, 1883. — Т. 1: Аахенский конгресс — Бюрней. — С. 151.
1045:
organized several raids against the Western Circassians, and personally ordered his men to burn Circassian villages they see, even those who were loyal to the Russian Empire.
333:
609:
519:
1372:
882:
Anapa, under the name of Bighurqale, was one of the important ports of the Circassians. It was especially frequented by Ottoman merchant ships and missionaries.
553:
602:
1059:
In the Russian side, according to Russian governmental documents, 23 officers and 1,215 privates were killed, 71 officers and 2,401 privates were wounded.
1338:Дубровин Н. Ф. История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе: в 6 томах. — СПб.: Тип. И. Н. Скороходова, 1886. — Т. 2. — 318 с.
438:
1272:: in 5 vols. — 2nd ed. — St. Petersburg: Тип. Е. Евдокимова, 1887. — Vol. 1: От древнейших времён до Ермолова. — 738 pp.
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951:, who had just been appointed commander-in-chief of the Kuban and Caucasian corps, received an order from Prince
79:
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The loss of Anapa prompted the Turkish government to abandon Circassia and make peace with Russia: and the
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In 1790, a large Russian army led by General Yury Bogdanovich Bibikov crossed the
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the once formidable Turkish fortress. On July 10, Russian troops left Anapa.
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1344:Иван Васильевич Гудович / Кавалеры ордена Святого Георгия. — М., 1993.
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to capture Anapa. For the new campaign, Gudovich formed a detachment of 15
931:
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1298:] (in Russian). Moscow: Edition of the Russian Imperial Library.
1283:
1270:Кавказская война в отдельных очерках, эпизодах, легендах и биографиях
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Gen. İsmail Berkok, Tarihte Kafkasya, İstanbul, 1958, s. 371.
1032:
In his report, General Gudovich reported to Prince Potemkin:
846:
145:
1041:
Making use of the turmoil caused by the fall of the castle,
1203:Военно-исторический очерк города Анапы. Третий поход. 1791
1013:
resistance of the garrison and push it back to the sea.
837:) was a siege that took place on July 3, 1791, when the
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1152:
1119:
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896:The Ottoman Empire lost its protection over the
288: • 8,000-strong Circassian relief
285: • 15,000-strong Ottoman garrison
85:1791 battle of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
1250:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
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327:
1373:Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
1253:(in German). Vienna and Leipzig: C. W. Stern
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1002:The Turkish-Circassian troops were led by
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334:
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110:
985:
351:Russian conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
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29:This article includes a list of general
908:as the guard of Soghujaq in Circassia.
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911:In 1781, on the eastern coast of the
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1393:Sieges involving the Russian Empire
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1143:
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13:
1313:
1268:"Граф Гудович (Падение Анапы)" //
1207:
869:
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1383:Battles involving the Circassians
1214:Richmond, Walter (9 April 2013).
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1296:The history of the Russian Army
1280:Военно-исторический очерк Анапы
1020:
80:Siege of Anapa (disambiguation)
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1164:
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634:Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)
1:
1333:Независимое военное обозрение
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628:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
306:7,000-14,000 prisoners of war
100:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
959:, 3,000 snipers, 54 cavalry
7:
1290:Егоршина, Петрова (2023).
1062:
10:
1409:
1388:Battles involving Chechnya
1363:1791 in the Russian Empire
1189:Ali Kasumov-Hasan Kasmov,
953:G. A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky
947:), 1791, General-in-Chief
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116:Gate of the Anapa fortress
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1368:History of Krasnodar Krai
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464:Russian punitive Campaign
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1278:"Третий поход. 1791" //
1222:Rutgers University Press
902:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
1217:The Circassian Genocide
304:8,000 dead and wounded,
50:more precise citations.
1378:Sheikh Mansur Movement
1329:«Анапа-Тахтамыш-Анапа»
1193:, Ankara, 1995, s. 90.
1039:
995:
986:Storming of the castle
879:
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345:Sheikh Mansur Movement
217:Commanders and leaders
1292:История русской армии
1074:Anapa campaign (1790)
1069:Anapa campaign (1787)
1034:
993:
877:
296:Casualties and losses
923:, as well as in the
885:During the reign of
859:Russo-Circassian War
827:Быгъуркъал Къэуцухьэ
439:Invasion of Kabardia
357:Russo-Circassian War
104:Russo-Circassian War
78:For other uses, see
1149:Potto, pp. 197, 199
939:Gudovich's campaign
1335:, № 24, 2001.
996:
880:
543:3rd Anapa Campaign
514:2nd Anapa Campaign
479:1st Anapa Campaign
472:Karabulak Campaign
1305:978-5-699-42397-2
1231:978-0-8135-6069-4
855:Russo-Turkish War
811:storming of Anapa
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1021:Consequences
1015:
1011:
1008:
1001:
997:
980:
976:
942:
929:
910:
895:
887:Catherine II
884:
881:
810:
806:
804:
781:
577:
549:Shibza River
481:(September)
470:
462:
437:
260:Mustafa-Paşa
169:Belligerents
132:) / July 3 (
62:
53:
34:
1326:Викторов А.
1266:Potto V. A.
1133:Bodart 1908
932:Kuban river
845:-regulated
819:Штурм Анапы
563:(September)
490:Kuban River
457:Kachkalikov
415:Malka River
409:2nd Kizlyar
397:1st Kizlyar
385:Alkhan–Yurt
48:introducing
1357:Categories
1094:battalions
1080:References
972:field guns
957:battalions
717:Karánsebes
520:Ubin River
423:(November)
148:fortress,
31:references
1284:Petrograd
1282:. —
1109:regiments
1102:squadrons
968:regiments
961:squadrons
913:Black Sea
851:Circassia
782:4th Anapa
757:Cetingrad
742:3rd Anapa
702:2nd Anapa
647:1st Anapa
578:3rd Anapa
554:2nd Anapa
525:1st Anapa
510:(January)
467:(January)
459:(January)
417:(October)
278:18–20,000
210:Circassia
150:Circassia
128:June 22 (
56:July 2022
1247:(1908).
1096:, 3,000
1063:See also
970:with 36
919:and the
857:and the
849:fort in
792:Kaliakra
732:Belgrade
692:Fidonisi
421:Tatartup
411:(August)
391:Karginsk
273:Strength
141:Location
98:Part of
1286:, 1914.
1257:29 June
1106:Cossack
1098:jaegers
965:Cossack
865:Summary
843:Turkish
831:Turkish
815:Russian
809:or the
752:Giurgiu
727:Focșani
712:Mehadia
657:Šturlić
652:Kinburn
262: (
244: (
136:), 1791
44:improve
1302:
1228:
1171:23-25.
1051:Losses
963:and 2
925:Crimea
891:Mozdok
823:Adyghe
777:Izmail
767:Tendra
747:Andros
737:Rymnik
697:Orșova
682:Chocim
662:Dubica
580:(June)
475:(June)
442:(July)
405:(July)
399:(July)
393:(July)
387:(July)
381:(July)
281:23,000
207:
184:Russia
181:
157:Result
33:, but
1294:[
1100:, 54
917:Kuban
847:Anapa
787:Măcin
762:Kerch
722:Souli
667:Šabac
301:4,000
146:Anapa
1300:ISBN
1259:2023
1226:ISBN
1104:, 2
945:O.S.
805:The
570:1791
535:1790
500:1788
449:1787
430:1786
379:Aldy
371:1785
134:N.S.
130:O.S.
125:Date
1331://
1092:15
921:Don
265:POW
247:POW
1359::
1224:.
1220:.
1140:^
1121:^
861:.
833::
829:;
825::
821:;
817::
1308:.
1261:.
1234:.
813:(
618:e
611:t
604:v
335:e
328:t
321:v
268:)
250:)
82:.
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
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