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is the action of an outside party in serving as an intermediary between (or among) principals in a dispute, without direct principal-to-principal contact. Originally and usually, the process entails successive travel ("shuttling") by the intermediary, from the working location of one principal, to
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After the opening session, the parties usually break into caucus groups, and the mediator utilizes shuttle diplomacy between the groups in order to identify interests and positions of the parties and help them create
170:, and some Arab countries (notably Syria, which has common borders with both Turkey and Israel) have been amenable to Turkey, with its own Muslim majority population. Another Turkish mediation took place between
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by placing the two countries' delegates in separate rooms and attempting to broker a compromise between the two. House's efforts were ultimately unsuccessful, leading to the collapse of
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The high points in
Kissinger's shuttle diplomacy were: (2) May 1974; the Syrian and the Israeli armies agree to the Golan Heights disengagement
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briefly withdrew from the
Conference in protest of the other international delegations' refusal to grant its
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Soon after
Kissinger's efforts, shuttle diplomacy came to the United States in the form of Israel and
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has carried out shuttle diplomacy, often involving Israel: Turkey was Israel's closest ally in the
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42:, beginning November 5, 1973, which facilitated the cessation of hostilities following the
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407:"Falklands: British resolve, US diplomacy; Haig will shuttle between London, Buenos Aires"
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Negotiators often use shuttle diplomacy when one or both of two principals refuses
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during the Nixon and Ford administrations (1969–1977); it resulted in the
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Acting as an intermediary and contact link between states in dispute
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141:(1974). The term became widespread during Kissinger's service as
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Dhanani, Gulshan (1982-05-15). "Israeli
Withdrawal from Sinai".
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Kissinger continued to participate in shuttle diplomacy in the
156:. The negotiations were successfully facilitated by President
425:"The invasion of Ukraine has helped entrench Emmanuel Macron"
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attempted to use shuttle diplomacy to mediate between the
208:'s shuttle diplomacy was unsuccessful in preventing the
35:
The term was first applied to describe the efforts of
393:"Turkey's Erdogan in shuttle diplomacy in Caucasus"
63:have adopted the term "shuttle diplomacy" as well.
71:An early form of shuttle diplomacy emerged at the
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379:"Naharnet — Lebanon's leading news destination"
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300:Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World
302:. New York: Random House. pp. 299–300.
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97:the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
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247:, (Duke University Press: 1990), p. 131
245:American Presidents and the Middle East
53:of the other prior to mutually desired
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258:Margulies, Robert E. (December 2002).
660:Conseiller chargé des investissements
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95:attempted to solve its conflict with
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83:territorial claims promised by the
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269:. pp. 53–54. Archived from
210:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
129:(1975) and arrangements between
37:United States Secretary of State
1154:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
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87:in 1915. Upon Italy's return,
1:
411:The Christian Science Monitor
325:Economic and Political Weekly
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1217:. You can help Knowledge by
1149:Twin towns and sister cities
298:MacMillan, Margaret (2001).
7:
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152:conducting negotiations at
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353:corissajoy (2016-07-12).
260:"How to Win in Mediation"
1132:Parliamentary delegation
1011:Diplomatic accreditation
777:African Diplomatic Corps
518:Permanent representative
580:Deputy chief of mission
535:Resident representative
127:Sinai Interim Agreement
25:international relations
1026:Diplomatic credentials
395:. Reuters. 2008-08-13.
185:US Secretary of State
101:Italian Prime Minister
73:Paris Peace Conference
1209:This article about a
617:Resident commissioner
589:Bilateral-subnational
359:Beyond Intractability
1269:Political term stubs
749:Apostolic nunciature
649:Agricultural attaché
89:Colonel Edward House
1041:Diplomatic immunity
1001:Consular assistance
530:Ambassador-at-large
355:"Shuttle Diplomacy"
112:Gabriele D'Annunzio
1264:Types of diplomacy
1099:Letter of credence
1061:Diplomatic uniform
1056:Diplomatic service
1036:Diplomatic illness
1031:Diplomatic history
784:Diplomatic mission
701:Diplomatic courier
681:Trade commissioner
544:Bilateral-national
222:Track II diplomacy
143:Secretary of State
32:that of another.
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1194:
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1104:Letter of protest
1072:Persona non grata
1006:Consular immunity
804:Exclusive mandate
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689:
688:
654:Chargé de mission
605:Bilateral-insular
569:Chargé d'affaires
556:High commissioner
267:New Jersey Lawyer
241:George Lenczowski
204:French president
106:'s government in
29:shuttle diplomacy
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1021:Diplomatic cable
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772:Diplomatic corps
713:Foreign minister
706:King's Messenger
671:Military attaché
666:Cultural attaché
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413:. 8 April 1982.
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331:(20): 821–822.
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206:Emmanuel Macron
114:'s takeover of
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523:United Nations
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431:. 2022-03-19.
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256:For example:
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191:United Kingdom
187:Alexander Haig
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276:on 2011-07-14
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178:during their
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139:Golan Heights
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75:in 1919 when
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1219:expanding it
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1113:Other topics
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980:Wolf warrior
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511:Multilateral
440:. Retrieved
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373:
362:. Retrieved
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278:. Retrieved
271:the original
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168:Muslim world
162:
158:Jimmy Carter
147:
120:
70:
59:
48:
34:
28:
18:
996:Appeasement
694:Other roles
197:during the
180:war in 2008
123:Middle East
81:irredentist
55:negotiation
51:recognition
1258:Categories
1078:Soft power
950:Preventive
940:Pilgrimage
835:Commercial
551:Ambassador
502:Diplomatic
442:2022-03-26
364:2019-01-31
286:solutions.
280:2010-03-21
228:References
154:Camp David
1094:Exequatur
1087:Documents
945:Ping-pong
915:Migration
890:Guerrilla
880:Freelance
855:Debt-trap
825:Checkbook
759:Consulate
488:diplomats
484:Diplomacy
437:0013-0613
201:in 1982.
195:Argentina
61:Mediators
21:diplomacy
1173:Category
1125:Agencies
1066:Protocol
975:Track II
870:Economic
845:Culinary
840:Cultural
830:Coercive
794:Legation
765:De facto
612:Resident
216:See also
67:Examples
1185:Commons
970:Stadium
965:Shuttle
960:Science
910:Medical
900:Hostage
895:Gunboat
860:Digital
850:Defence
767:embassy
742:Offices
640:Attaché
337:4370919
176:Georgia
137:on the
91:of the
1137:Summit
989:Topics
955:Public
935:Parley
875:Energy
865:Dollar
820:Caviar
596:Consul
561:Nuncio
435:
335:
306:
172:Russia
164:Turkey
131:Israel
1213:is a
925:Panda
813:Types
624:Envoy
495:Roles
333:JSTOR
274:(PDF)
263:(PDF)
150:Egypt
135:Syria
118:.
116:Fiume
77:Italy
1215:stub
905:Iron
486:and
433:ISSN
304:ISBN
193:and
174:and
160:.
145:.
133:and
110:and
108:Rome
46:.
23:and
920:New
19:In
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