52:
332:, consecrated either towards the end of 1538 or early in 1539, was highly unpopular due to his illicit activities and profligate life, selling church properties and allowing the use of concubines. Furthermore, he consecrated his own nephews at the ages of twelve and fifteen as metropolitan bishops. These actions led to wide protest causing further upheaval and instability in the church.
414:, Tfinkdji, and Fiey postulate the existence of one Shimun (VIII) who reigned in Alqosh from 1552 to 1558. Becchetti himself says that in reality the designated successor was neither an 8-year-old nor was he dead. More recent scholars such as Habbi and Lampar, suggest that Shimun VII did not die in 1551 but reigned till 1558, and that Sulaqa had lied to the pope.
379:) calling an assembly in Mosul of clergy, monks, and church members from ten regions to elect the hesitant Yohannan Sulaqa as the new patriarch. However, A bishop of metropolitan rank was needed at the ceremony in order to consecrate Sulaqa as patriarch. As the Eliya family would obviously object to it, Yohannan Sulaqa made the decision of asking
318:
could confirm a patriarch. As a result, Shimun IV and his successor only appointed their family members as metropolitan bishops, in order for the uncle to choose his brothers or nephews to succeed him as patriarch. This designated successor, once consecrated as metropolitan bishop with right of
584:"Pope Julian III in 1553 consecrated Sulâka, an Assyrian convert, "Patriarch of the Chaldeans" – the designation then given for the first time to the so-called Nestorians who had seceded to Rome, which patriarchate has been continued to this present day."
640:
broke formally the communion with Rome and returned his members to the faith that he abandoned, but without accepting the patriarchal line that he broke away from. The patriarchate that he originated is that which in 1976 adopted the name
254:
in the Church of the East which resulted in the establishment of rival patriarchates and ultimately a permanent rift in the Church of the East. He was elected by those who opposed the hereditary patriarchal succession within the
636:(died 1600) and later there were only a few correspondences through missionaries. This See reintroduced in 1600 the traditional heredity system for patriarchal' succession, a practice unacceptable to Rome. In 1692, patriarch
398:
that they agreed with the
Catholic faith, and expressed the desire to have Sulaqa confirmed as patriarch by the pope. The Friars gave them a letter of presentation to the pope and Sulaqa traveled to Rome, where
1600:
448:
He took the regnal name Shimun (VIII), a name adopted by all his successors, except his immediate successor, until the late 20th century. The successors of Shimun VII all took the name Eliya.
371:
Widespread complaints emerged against Shimun VII's consecration of his younger nephew as his designated successor. This led to three non-related bishops of Shimun VII (the bishops of Erbil,
1669:
515:, and at that time, Kerala aside, was exclusive to northern Mesopotamia, the former Assyria. The Chronicle of the Carmelites states that Sulaqa was proclaimed
1014:
546:
The term "Chaldeans" had a history of being used in an ethnically and geographically inaccurate sense by Rome, having been previously officially used by the
1679:
1644:
464:
304:
1659:
1596:
1592:
1588:
659:
214:
37:
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1102:
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76:
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On
February 20, 1553, Yohannan Sulaqa made a profession of faith in front of the Pope. On April 9, 1553, he was consecrated as bishop in
271:. His reign did not last long though. Upon his return, due to strong opposition by the opposing Patriarch, Sulaqa was imprisoned by the
1649:
1484:"Missio duorum fratrum Melitensium O. P. in Orientem saec. XVI et relatio, nunc primum edita, eorum quae in istis regionibus gesserunt"
531:) at a time long before the Chaldeans entered Mesopotamia. This did not signify any ethnic or geographic link with the long extinct
482:
instigated by the partisans of Shimun VII. He had just ordained five metropolitans as the basis of a new church structure. In the
511:
Yohannan Sulaqa was pointedly given the title of "Patriarch of Mosul and Athur" in Rome, not in a restrictive sense, but meaning
474:
However, in
January 1555 he was summoned, imprisoned for many months, tortured and executed, probably by drowning, by the local
1674:
889:
866:
843:
737:
410:'s death in 1551, his 8-year-old nephew who was his designated successor also died. For this reason many historians such as
1664:
902:
Lucy Parker, "The
Ambiguities of Belief and Belonging: Catholicism and the Church of the East in the Sixteenth Century" in
429:(1488–1557) (or by the pope himself according other sources). Sulaqa's appointment as patriarch was ratified by the
727:
1548:
1527:
1445:
1420:
1285:
1264:
1240:
581:
of the line of Alqosh became the first
Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans of the modern Chaldean Catholic Church.
406:
Yohannan Sulaqa requested that the pope consecrate him as patriarch. He justified this request by saying that, after
1310:
1311:"Die Konsistorialakten über die Begründung des uniert-chaldäischen Patriarchates von Mosul unter Papst Julius III"
422:
1081:
574:
486:, he is often considered a martyr, but has not been officially declared such by inclusion of his name in the
618:
609:
line of the Church of the East. This patriarchal See was initially located in Amid, but very soon moved to
642:
495:
Sulaqa's brother, Joseph Mar (Sulaqa) of India, held the office from 1556 to 1569 of
Metropolitan of the
729:
Symposium
Syriacum VII: Uppsala University, Department of Asian and African Languages, 11-14 August 1996
1689:
1368:
569:
to indicate the members of the Church of the East in
Communion with Rome (mainly not to use the term
172:
1574:
1222:
1171:
1157:
391:
353:
228:
66:
1060:
1199:
1185:
496:
418:
1301:
Genuinae relationes inter Sedem
Apostolicam et Assyriorum orientalium seu Chaldaeorum ecclesiam
1191:
De catholicis seu patriarchis
Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum commentarius historico-chronologicus
268:
880:
834:
1501:"Mar Iohannan Soulaqa, premier Patriarche des Chaldéens, martyr de l'union avec Rome (†1555)"
857:
578:
901:
1684:
1639:
712:
De dogmatibus chaldaeorum disputatio ad Patrem ... Adam Camerae Patriarchalis Babylonis ...
307:(1437–1493) decided to make the office hereditary in his own family, the Eliya line.
267:
and was consecrated as Patriarch in 1553, after at first failing in an attempt to join the
8:
547:
407:
329:
315:
1468:
411:
1394:
1226:
637:
341:
232:
62:
1127:
681:
1544:
1523:
1455:
Tfinkdji, Joseph (1914). "L' église chaldéenne catholique autrefois et aujourd'hui".
1441:
1416:
1398:
1373:"The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries"
1281:
1260:
1250:
1236:
885:
862:
858:
The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations
839:
733:
488:
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1384:
633:
438:
361:
102:
1538:
1517:
1500:
1483:
1472:
1435:
1410:
1357:
Marthaler, Berard L., ed. (2003). "Chaldean Catholic Church (Eastern Catholic)".
1347:
1299:
1275:
1254:
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1175:
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of the south eastern extremities of Iraq. Many modern scholars also now believe
483:
426:
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244:
194:
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1431:
1358:
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626:
562:
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452:
400:
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264:
251:
236:
180:
151:
1430:
O’Mahony, Anthony (2006). "Syriac Christianity in the modern Middle East". In
259:, and he took an unprecedented step in the Church of the East: he traveled to
1633:
1406:
1389:
1372:
1295:
524:
460:
296:
51:
456:
155:
147:
1349:
Ein Märtyrer der Union mit Rom: Joseph I. 1681–1696, Patriarch der Chaldäer
554:
445:, i.e., the sign of his patriarchal authority, from the hands of the pope.
1602:
602:
536:
220:
500:
395:
321:
24:
1440:. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 511–536.
978:
976:
881:
The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity
430:
364:, says he was a monk of the monastery of Sabrishoʿ at Beth Qoqa, near
1331:"Signification de l'union chaldéenne de Mar Sulaqa avec Rome en 1553"
1030:. Kerala, India: Oriental Institute of Religious Studies. p. 59.
973:
403:
gave him assistance as a translator in the court of Pope Julius III.
387:
311:
295:, the Church of the East was united in a single patriarchate and the
1519:
The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913
527:
which gives Abraham's birthplace as "Ur of Chaldees" (traditionally
1565:
1028:
Faith and Communion in the Indian Church of Saint Thomas Christians
540:
240:
1277:
Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
1082:"Genesis 11:28-31; KJV; - And Haran died before his father Terah"
532:
479:
442:
276:
137:
906:, vol. 133, issue 565, December 2018, pp. 1420–1445, footnote 45
927:
925:
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558:
551:
528:
376:
357:
300:
280:
159:
471:
clergyman, who was specially appointed as "Nuncio for Mosul".
459:), where he arrived on November 12, 1553, and established his
625:) and from the second half of 17th century to Qodchanis (now
614:
610:
475:
372:
365:
349:
345:
279:, tortured, and executed in January 1555. He is considered a
124:
1124:
Bull of union with the Chaldeans and the Maronites of Cyprus
937:
922:
1610:
1437:
The Cambridge History of Christianity: Eastern Christianity
993:
991:
949:
632:
The last patriarch of this line recognized by the pope was
599:
Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa was the first incumbent of the
386:
Yohannan Sulaqa, along with seventy delegates, traveled to
260:
1103:"Nehemiah 9:7 KJV - Thou art the LORD the God, who didst"
792:
790:
788:
746:
250:
Yohannan Sulaqa's ascension as Patriarch was part of the
1540:
The martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East
988:
814:
565:
with the Catholic Church. Rome followed to use the term
1415:(2nd revised ed.). San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
961:
802:
1259:. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum.
785:
775:
773:
758:
690:
573:
that was theologically unacceptable) also in 1681 for
348:
region of northern Mesopotamia. Around 1540 he became
16:
Head of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1553 to 1555
1015:
List of patriarchs of the Assyrian Church of the East
1041:
Yana (Bebla), George V. (2000). "Myth vs. Reality".
910:
303:. However, by the end of 15th century the Patriarch
770:
314:of the Church of the East, which decreed that only
1367:
1140:Portuguese Discoveries Dependencies & Missions
982:
1593:Patriarch of the Church of the Chaldeans of Mosul
43:Patriarch of the Church of the Chaldeans of Mosul
1631:
1412:Rome and the Eastern Churches: A Study in Schism
1214:Istoria degli ultimi quattro secoli della Chiesa
1204:History of the Chaldean and Nestorian patriarchs
519:but on April 19, 1553, the title was changed to
1363:. Vol. 3. Thompson-Gale. pp. 366–369.
1137:
660:List of Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon
1543:. London: East & West Publishing Limited.
708:
1670:16th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire
1040:
1011:List of patriarchs of the Church of the East
441:held on April 28, 1553, Sulaqa received the
231:, from 1553 to 1555, after it absorbed this
1680:16th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
1221:
884:. Bloomsbury Publishing; 5 September 2016.
752:
310:This was made possible through the ancient
1536:
1515:
1177:Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana
1163:Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana
997:
838:. Taylor & Francis; 12 December 2018.
820:
340:Yohannan Sulaqa (The name "Sulaqa" means "
50:
1645:16th-century Eastern Catholic archbishops
1467:
1388:
1356:
1280:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1232:The Church of the East: A Concise History
1210:
943:
931:
861:. Taylor & Francis; 2 November 2017.
808:
1454:
1429:
1249:
1206:. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press.
1198:
1184:
1170:
1156:
1138:Alexander James, Donald D'Orsey (1893).
955:
796:
764:
725:
696:
1660:Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon
1405:
1345:
1256:La Chiesa Caldea nel secolo dell'Unione
383:of Rome to celebrate the consecration.
1632:
1294:
1273:
1025:
916:
779:
686:, IV:1, Rome and Leipzig 2004, p. 277)
678:Patriarcha de Mozal in Syria orientali
38:Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon
1498:
1481:
1328:
1308:
1235:. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon.
967:
715:ex typographia Bartholomaei Zannetti.
550:in 1445 as a new name for a group of
455:to the northern town of Amid (modern
1474:Dictionnaire de théologie catholique
1211:Becchetti, Filippo Angelico (1796).
394:. The group managed to persuade the
198:
176:
1655:16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
1589:Patriarch of Mosul in Eastern Syria
463:. He was accompanied by the bishop
299:was located in the ancient city of
41:Patriarch of Mosul in Eastern Syria
13:
1597:Patriarch of the Eastern Assyrians
517:Patriarch of the Eastern Assyrians
451:Yohannan Sulaqa traveled back via
45:Patriarch of the Eastern Assyrians
14:
1701:
1650:Assyrians from the Ottoman Empire
1559:
1477:. Vol. 11. pp. 157–323.
1377:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
732:. Pontificio Istituto Orientale.
213:; circa 1510–1555) was the first
1566:http://www.chaldeancatholics.com
1369:Murre van den Berg, Heleen H. L.
1575:Chaldean Catholic Church titles
1522:. Louvain: Peeters Publishers.
1131:
1116:
1095:
1074:
1053:
1034:
1019:
1003:
895:
872:
849:
826:
587:
1488:Analecta Ordinis Praedicatorum
1471:(1931). "Église nestorienne".
1457:Annuaire Pontifical Catholique
1352:. Einsiedeln: Benziger Verlag.
719:
702:
671:
435:"Divina disponente clementia".
1:
1675:Bishops in the Ottoman Empire
1499:Vosté, Jacques Marie (1931).
1482:Vosté, Jacques Marie (1925).
1360:The New Catholic Encyclopedia
904:The English Historical Review
523:This was in reference to the
423:John Álvarez y Alva de Toledo
286:
1274:Frazee, Charles A. (2006) .
7:
1665:People executed by drowning
1603:
1309:Gulik, Wilhelm van (1904).
648:
643:Assyrian Church of the East
603:
521:Patriarch of the Chaldeans.
344:") was born c. 1510 in the
221:
169:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
31:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
10:
1706:
1537:Wilmshurst, David (2011).
1516:Wilmshurst, David (2000).
1149:
1126:Session 14, 7 August 1445
682:Anton Baumstark (editor),
467:, OP († 1558), a powerful
392:Custodian of the Holy Land
217:of what was to become the
1618:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1304:. Roma: Ermanno Loescher.
1172:Assemani, Giuseppe Simone
1158:Assemani, Giuseppe Simone
513:of the Church of the East
143:
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108:
98:
90:
82:
72:
58:
49:
36:
21:
1390:10.31826/hug-2010-020119
1346:Lampart, Albert (1966).
1200:Assemani, Giuseppe Luigi
1186:Assemani, Giuseppe Luigi
1061:"Who are the Chaldeans?"
665:
506:
354:Rabban Hormizd Monastery
283:of the Catholic Church.
229:Chaldean Catholic Church
177:ܫܡܥܘܢ ܬܡܝܢܝܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܣܘܠܩܐ
67:Chaldean Catholic Church
983:Murre van den Berg 1999
753:Baum & Winkler 2003
726:Lavenant, René (1998).
709:Pietro Strozzi (1617).
577:and later in 1830 when
497:Saint Thomas Christians
335:
319:succession, was called
1329:Habbi, Joseph (1966).
269:Syriac Orthodox Church
184:
1217:. Vol. 10. Roma.
1122:Council of Florence,
1063:. Ur of the Chaldeans
579:Yohannan VIII Hormizd
437:In the course of the
190:Yohannan d'Bēth Bello
77:Amid of the Chaldeans
1180:. Vol. 3. Roma.
1166:. Vol. 1. Roma.
1026:Koodapuzha, Xavier.
421:in Rome by Cardinal
419:St. Peter's Basilica
316:metropolitan bishops
1227:Winkler, Dietmar W.
548:Council of Florence
408:Shemon VII Ishoyahb
360:. A single source,
330:Shemon VII Ishoyahb
1616:(1553–1555)
1341:: 99–132, 199–230.
1318:Oriens Christianus
1251:Beltrami, Giuseppe
985:, p. 235-264.
958:, p. 449–525.
946:, p. 157-323.
934:, p. 155-157.
878:Christoph Baumer.
855:Kristian Girling.
684:Oriens Christianus
638:Shimun XIII Dinkha
235:patriarchate into
233:Church of the East
63:Church of the East
1690:People from Mosul
1628:
1627:
1619:Succeeded by
1469:Tisserant, Eugène
970:, p. 99-132.
890:978-1-83860-934-4
867:978-1-351-70674-2
844:978-1-317-48211-6
739:978-88-7210-319-7
561:who entered into
489:Roman Martyrology
396:Franciscan friars
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1581:Preceded by
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412:Eugène Tisserant
362:Abdisho IV Maron
305:Shimun IV Basidi
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381:Pope Julius III
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401:Andreas Masius
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328:The patriarch
293:Schism of 1552
288:
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265:Catholic creed
237:full communion
199:ܝܘܚܢܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܒܠܘ
185:Simeon Sulacha
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1494:(4): 261–278.
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1000:, p. 22.
999:
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992:
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957:
956:Tfinkdji 1914
952:
945:
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933:
928:
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919:, p. 56.
918:
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907:
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875:
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832:Daniel King.
829:
823:, p. 19.
822:
817:
810:
805:
798:
797:O’Mahony 2006
793:
791:
789:
782:, p. 57.
781:
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765:O’Mahony 2006
761:
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525:Old Testament
522:
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291:Up until the
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39:
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27:
26:
20:
1587:
1583:New Creation
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1176:
1162:
1139:
1133:
1123:
1118:
1107:. Retrieved
1097:
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1076:
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1055:
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1036:
1027:
1021:
1005:
963:
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828:
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692:
683:
677:
673:
631:
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592:
588:
583:
570:
566:
545:
537:Abraham's Ur
520:
516:
512:
510:
494:
487:
473:
450:
447:
434:
416:
405:
390:to meet the
385:
370:
339:
327:
320:
309:
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257:Eliya family
249:
218:
210:
206:
203:John Soulaqa
202:
189:
188:
168:
167:
135:January 1555
94:January 1555
23:
1685:1510 births
1640:1555 deaths
1043:JAA Studies
917:Frazee 2006
780:Frazee 2006
501:South India
322:natar kursi
252:1552 schism
1634:Categories
1511:: 187–234.
1463:: 449–525.
1324:: 261–277.
1109:2012-08-17
1088:2012-08-17
1067:2016-12-31
968:Habbi 1966
617:, then to
613:, then to
555:Nestorians
457:Diyarbakır
431:papal bull
287:Background
275:leader of
156:Diyarbakır
121:Circa 1510
91:Term ended
1505:Angelicum
1409:(2010) .
1399:212688640
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846:. p. 194.
571:Nestorian
567:Chaldeans
533:Chaldeans
433:entitled
388:Jerusalem
342:Ascension
312:canon law
239:with the
215:Patriarch
144:Residence
99:Successor
83:Installed
1371:(1999).
1298:(1902).
1253:(1933).
1229:(2003).
1202:(2004).
1188:(1775).
1174:(1725).
1160:(1719).
1049:(1): 80.
869:. p. 33.
649:See also
619:Khosrowa
575:Joseph I
541:Anatolia
243:and the
241:Holy See
1607:on line
1434:(ed.).
1194:. Roma.
1150:Sources
480:Amadiya
469:Maltese
443:pallium
277:Amadiya
273:Ottoman
225:on line
211:Sulacha
187:; also
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366:Arbela
358:Alqosh
301:Alqosh
281:martyr
207:Sulaka
195:Syriac
160:Turkey
59:Church
1395:S2CID
1314:(PDF)
666:Notes
615:Urmia
611:Siirt
552:Greek
507:Title
476:pasha
373:Urmia
356:near
350:abbot
346:Mosul
181:Latin
154:(now
125:Mosul
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1013:and
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261:Rome
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