1949:
exodus. Thus, an increasing number of
Maronite peasants became tenants of the mostly Druze landlords of Mount Lebanon. The Shihabs became the paramount force in Mount Lebanon's social and political configuration as they were the supreme landlords of the area and the principal intermediaries between the local sheikhs and the Ottoman authorities. This arrangement was embraced by the Ottoman governors of Sidon, Tripoli and Damascus. In addition to Mount Lebanon, the Shihabs exercised influence and maintained alliances with the various local powers of the mountain's environs, such as with the Shia Muslim clans of Jabal Amil and the Beqaa Valley, the Maronite-dominated countryside of Tripoli, and the Ottoman administrators of the port cities of Sidon, Beirut and Tripoli.
1985:
in place of Emir Mansur by the governor of Sidon. However, soon after, emirs Mansur and Ahmad bribed the governor and regained the
Shihabi tax farm. Relations between the brothers soured as each sought paramountcy. Emir Ahmad rallied the support of the Yazbaki Druze, and was able to briefly oust Emir Mansur from the Shihabi headquarters in Deir al-Qamar. Emir Mansur, meanwhile, relied on the Jumblatti faction and the governor of Sidon, who mobilized his troops in Beirut in support of Emir Mansur. With this support, Emir Mansur retook Deir al-Qamar and Emir Ahmad fled. Sheikh Ali Jumblatt and Sheikh Yazbak Imad managed to reconcile emirs Ahmad and Mansur, with the former relinquishing his claim on the emirate and was permitted to reside in Deir al-Qamar.
2082:). However, al-Jazzar soon began acting independently after organizing the fortifications of Beirut, and Emir Yusuf appealed to Sheikh Zahir through Emir Mansur's liaising to request Russian bombardment of Beirut and oust al-Jazzar. Sheikh Zahir and the Russians acceded to Emir Yusuf's request after a large bribe was paid to them. After a four-month siege, al-Jazzar withdrew from Beirut in 1772, and Emir Yusuf penalized his Yazbaki allies, sheikhs Abd al-Salam Imad and Husayn Talhuq to compensate for the bribe he paid to the Russians. The following year, Emir Yusuf's brother, Emir Sayyid-Ahmad, took control of
2099:
farm. Moreover, al-Jazzar took advantage and manipulated divisions among the Shihab emirs in order to break up the
Shihabi emirate into weaker entities that he could more easily exploit for revenue. In 1778 he agreed to sell the Chouf tax farm to Emir Yusuf's brothers, emirs Sayyid-Ahmad and Effendi after the latter two gained the support of the Jumblatt and Nakad clans (Emir Yusuf's ally Sheikh Ali Jumblatt died that year). Emir Yusuf, thereafter, based himself in Ghazir and mobilized the support of his Sunni Muslim allies, the Ra'ad and Mir'ibi clans from
1848:
official in the
Ottoman imperial government, the Ottoman authorities declined to confirm Bashir's authority over the tax farms of Mount Lebanon; Husayn Ma'n forsake his hereditary claim to the Ma'n emirate in favor of his career as the Ottoman ambassador to India. Instead, the Ottoman authorities appointed Husayn Ma'n's choice, Haydar Shihab, the son of Musa Shihab and Ahmad Ma'n's daughter. Haydar's appointment was confirmed by the governor of Sidon, and agreed upon by the Druze sheikhs, but because Haydar was still a minor, Bashir was kept on as regent.
1966:
Jumblatti-Yazbaki rivalry. In 1748, Emir Mulhim, under the orders of the governor of
Damascus, burned properties belonging to the Talhuq and Abd al-Malik clans as punishment for the Yazbaki harboring of a fugitive from Damascus Eyalet. Afterward, Emir Mulhim compensated the Talhuqs. In 1749, he succeeded in adding the tax farm of Beirut to his domain, after persuading Sidon's governor to transfer the tax farm. He accomplished this by having the Talhuq clan raid the city and demonstrate the ineffectiveness of its deputy governor.
130:
2059:, who was bribed by the Ottomans. Their defeat by the Ottomans made Emir Mansur a liability to the Druze sheikhs vis-a-vis their relations with the Ottoman authorities, so they decided to depose him. Emir Yusuf cultivated ties with Uthman Pasha and his sons in Tripoli and Sidon, and with their backing, sought to challenge the autonomous power of sheikhs Zahir and Nasif. However, Emir Yusuf experienced a series of major setbacks in his cause in 1771. His ally, Uthman Pasha, was routed in the
1922:, Umar al-Zaydani's son, as the tax farmer of Safad, and directly appointed members of the Wa'il, Munkir and Sa'ab clans as tax farmers of Jabal Amil's subdistricts. The latter two clans thereafter joined the Wa'il's and their pro-Yamani faction. The situation worsened for Emir Haydar when he was ousted by the order of Bashir Pasha and replaced with his Choufi Druze enforcer-turned enemy, Mahmoud Abi Harmoush in 1709. Emir Haydar and his Qaysi allies then fled to the Keserwani village of
2021:, Karam and Dahir and Maronite and Sunni Muslim peasants who, since 1759, were all revolting against the Hamade clan. Emir Yusuf defeated the Hamade sheikhs and appropriated their tax farms. This not only empowered Emir Yusuf in his conflict with Emir Mansur, but it also initiated Shihabi patronage over the Maronite bishops and monks who had resented Khazen influence over church affairs and been patronized by the Hamade sheikhs, the Shihab clan's erstwhile allies.
59:
2103:. Al-Jazzar restored the Chouf to Emir Yusuf after he paid a large bribe, but his brothers again challenged him 1780. That time they mobilized the support of both the Jumblatti and Yazbaki factions, but their attempt to kill Sa'ad al-Khuri failed, and Effendi was killed. In addition, Emir Yusuf paid al-Jazzar to loan him troops, bribed the Yazbaki faction to defect from his Sayyid-Ahmad's forces and once again secured control of the Shihabi emirate.
1867:, who paid the Ottoman government via the Shihabs. A branch of the Shihab family continued to control Wadi al-Taym, while the Shihabs in Mount Lebanon made Deir al-Qamar their headquarters. The Shihab emir was also formally at the military service of the Ottoman authorities and was required to mobilize forces upon request. The Shihabs' new status made them the preeminent social, fiscal, military, judicial and political power in Mount Lebanon.
1824:
1623:
2118:
2067:. Druze casualties during the battle amounted to some 1,500 killed, a loss similar to that suffered by the Yamani coalition at Ain Dara. Furthermore, the forces of sheikhs Zahir and Nasif captured the town of Sidon after Sheikh Ali Jumblatt withdrew. Emir Yusuf's forces were again routed when they attempt oust sheikhs Zahir and Nasif, who had key backing from the
1945:, the Yamani forces were routed, the Alam al-Din sheikhs were slain, Abi Harmoush was captured and the Ottoman governors withdrew their forces from Mount Lebanon. Emir Haydar's victory consolidated Shihab political power and the Yamani Druze were eliminated as a rival force; they were forced to leave Mount Lebanon for the Hauran.
1883:), and delivered him and his partisans to the governor of Sidon, who requested Bashir's assistance in the matter. As a result, Bashir was officially endowed with responsibility for the "safekeeping of Sidon Province" between the region of Safad to Keserwan. At the turn of the 18th century, the new governor of Sidon,
2197:. The Shihabs bear the title of "emir". Descendants of Bashir II live in Turkey and are known as the Paksoy family due to Turkish restrictions on non-Turkish surnames. Today, a group of them are Sunni, and others are Maronite Catholics, though they have common family roots. The 11th-century citadel in Hasbaya,
1847:
and chose Bashir Shihab I to succeed Ahmad as emir of
Mountain Lebanon. Bashir was related to the Ma'ns through his mother, who was the sister of Ahmad Ma'n and the wife of Bashir's father, Husayn Shihab. Due to the influence of Husayn Ma'n, the youngest of Fakhr ad-Din's sons, who was a high-ranking
1763:
to hand over the Shihab emirs, but Emir Ahmad rejected the demand and instead fled to the
Keserwan, losing his tax farms in Mount Lebanon in the process. The peasantry of the abandoned regions suffered at the hands of Ottoman troops pursuing the Shihab and Ma'n leaders. The Shihabs fled further north
2172:
In 1840, four of the principal
European powers (Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia), opposing the pro-Egyptian policy of the French, signed the London Treaty with the Sublime Porte (the Ottoman ruler) on July 15, 1840. According to the terms of this treaty, Muhammad Ali was asked to leave Syria;
2098:
headquarters, and soon after, was appointed governor of Sidon. Among al-Jazzar's principal goals was to centralize authority in Sidon Eyalet and assert control over the
Shihabi emirate in Mount Lebanon. To that end, he succeeded in ousting Emir Yusuf from Beirut and removing it from the Shihabi tax
1984:
and Ahmad, who were backed by the Druze sheikhs. Emir Mulhim retired in Beirut, but he and his son Qasim attempted to wrest back control of the emirate using his relationship with an imperial official. They were unsuccessful and Emir Mulhim died in 1759. The following year, Emir Qasim was appointed
1948:
Emir Haydar confirmed his Qaysi allies as the tax farmers of Mount
Lebanon's tax districts. His victory in Ain Dara also contributed to the rise of the Maronite population in the area, as the newcomers from Tripoli's hinterland replaced the Yamani Druze and Druze numbers decreased due to the Yamani
1855:
and Keserwan areas of Mount Lebanon. However, the tax farm was not owned by the Shihabi emir and was subject to annual renewal by the Ottoman authorities, who made the ultimate decision to confirm the existing holder or assign the tax farm to another holder, often another Shihab emir or a member of
1692:
conquered the Mamluk Levant in 1516 and an Ottoman government record from August 1574 directs the governor of Damascus to confiscate the rifle stockpiles of Qasim Shihab, identified by the Shihab family histories as Qasim ibn Mulhim ibn Mansur, a great-grandson of the above-mentioned Yunus ibn Ali.
1711:
moved against Ahmad in Wadi al-Taym in 1612, Fakhr al-Din's forces repulsed them. When, in the following year, Hafiz Ahmed Pasha launched an imperial-backed campaign against Fakhr al-Din, Ahmad, his brother Ali and many other local allies of the Ma'ns joined the Ottoman forces. He held the fort of
1856:
the rival Alam al-Din clan. The Qaysi Druze were motivated to appoint the Shihabs because the Wadi al-Taym-based Shihabs were not involved in the intertribal machinations of the Chouf, their military strength, and their marital ties to the Ma'ns. Other clans, including the Druze Jumblatts and the
1957:
Emir Haydar died in 1732 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Mulhim. One of Emir Mulhim's early actions was a punitive expedition against the Wa'il clan of Jabal Amil. The Wa'il kinsmen had painted their horses' tails green in celebration of Emir Haydar's death (Emir Haydar's relations with the
1965:
Beginning in the 1740s, a new factionalism developed among the Druze clans. One faction was led by the Jumblatt clan and was known as the Jumblatti faction, while the Imad, Talhuq and Abd al-Malik clans formed the Imad-led Yazbak faction. Thus Qaysi-Yamani politics had been replaced with the
1780:. Consequently, Emir Ahmad Ma'n regained control of the Mount Lebanon tax farms. The Shihabs further solidified their alliance with the Ma'ns when, in 1674, Musa Shihab married the daughter of Emir Ahmad Ma'n. In 1680, Emir Ahmad mediated a conflict between the Shihabs and the Shia Muslim
1941:. The Yaman received backing from the governors of Damascus and Sidon, but before the governors' forces joined the Yaman to launch a pincer attack against the Qaysi camp at Ras al-Matn, Emir Haydar launched a preemptive assault against Ain Dara. In the ensuing
2016:
to Emir Yusuf in 1764. With the latter two tax farms, Emir Yusuf formed a power base in Tripoli's hinterland. Under al-Khuri's guidance and with Druze allies from Chouf, Emir Yusuf led a campaign against the Hamade sheikhs in support of the Maronite clans of
1509:
died without male progeny in 1697, the chiefs of the Druze in Mount Lebanon appointed the Shihab emir, Bashir, whose mother belonged to the Ma'n, as his successor. Bashir was succeeded by another Shihab emir with a Ma'nid mother, Haydar, after his death.
2173:
when he rejected this request, Ottoman and British troops landed on the Lebanese coast on September 10, 1840. Faced with this combined force, Muhammad Ali retreated, and on October 14, 1840, Bashir II surrendered to the British and went into exile.
2078:, who was formerly in Emir Yusuf's service, as garrison commander of the city. Emir Yusuf, as tax farmer of Beirut, agreed to the appointment and declined a bounty on al-Jazzar by Abu al-Dhahab (al-Jazzar was wanted by the Mamluk strongmen of
1870:
In 1698, Bashir gave protection to the Hamade sheikhs when they were sought out by the authorities and successfully mediated between the two sides. He also captured the rebel Mushrif ibn Ali al-Saghir, sheikh of the Shia Muslim Wa'il clan of
1917:
Emir Haydar's coming to power brought about an immediate effort on the part of Sidon's governor, Bashir Pasha, a relative of Arlsan Mehmed Pasha, to roll back Shihab authority in the province. To that end, the governor directly appointed
2039:, where the Shihabi emirs, Druze sheikhs and religious leaders met and drew up a petition to the governors of Damascus and Sidon, confirming Emir Yusuf's ascendancy. Emir Mansur's resignation was precipitated by his alliance with Sheikh
1537:, but was deposed in 1840 when the Egyptians were driven out by an Ottoman-European alliance, leading soon after to the dissolution of the Shihab emirate. Despite losing territorial control, the family remains influential in modern
2086:
and robbed a group of Damascene merchants passing through the village. Emir Yusuf subsequently captured Qabb Ilyas from his brother, and was transferred the tax farm for the Beqaa Valley by the governor of Damascus,
1720:. Fakhr al-Din escaped to Europe and returned to Mount Lebanon in 1618, after which Ahmad sent his son Sulayman to welcome his return. By then the Ma'ns had been restored to their tax farms and the governorships of
1685:(d. 1520) as the governor of Wadi al-Taym in 1478. Ali's son Yunus was mentioned by the contemporary Damascene chroniclers al-Busrawi and Ibn al-Himsi as being involved in a rebellion in Damascus in the late 1490s.
1933:
In 1711, the Qaysi Druze clans mobilized to restore their predominance in Mount Lebanon, and invited Emir Haydar to return and lead their forces. Emir Haydar and the Abu'l Lama family mobilized at
1795:
In 1693, the Ottoman authorities launched a major military expedition, consisting of 18,500 troops, against Emir Ahmad when he declined a request to suppress the Hamade sheikhs after they raided
1926:, where they were given protection by the Maronite Hubaysh clan, while Mount Lebanon was overrun by a Yamani coalition led by the Alam al-Din clan. Emir Haydar fled further north to
1444:
3342:
2153:, and the death of Al-Jazzar in 1804 removed Bashir's principal opponent in the area. When Bashir II decided to break away from the Ottoman Empire, he allied himself with
1699:(limited-term tax farmer) of Wadi al-Taym and neighboring Arqoub in 1592–1600, 1602, 1606, 1610–1615, 1618–1621 and 1628–1630. Ahmad fought alongside the Ma'nid emir
2149:, the governor of Sidon, requested assistance from Bashir, who remained neutral, declining to assist either combatant. Unable to conquer Acre, Napoleon returned to
1728:. Fakhr al-Din reconciled Ahmad and Ali in 1619. Ahmad and his men fought in Fakhr al-Din's army against the governor of Damascus Mustafa Pasha in the decisive
1811:. The following year, Emir Ahmad and his Shihab allies mobilized their forces in Wadi al-Taym and conquered the Chouf, forcing Musa Alam al-Din to flee to
3599:
2165:. This siege lasted seven months, the city falling on May 27, 1832. The Egyptian army, with assistance from Bashir's troops, also attacked and conquered
2035:
In 1770, Emir Mansur resigned in favor of Emir Yusuf after being compelled to step down by the Druze sheikhs. The transition was held at the village of
1437:
1707:
in a revolt against the Ottomans in the Levant in 1606, which was stamped out the following year. When the forces of the Ottoman governor of Damascus
3335:
1677:
in 1280. After his death in 1284, his son Sa'd succeeded him as governor of Wadi al-Taym. The Shihabs continued to govern Wadi al-Taym throughout
2063:
by Sheikh Zahir's forces. Afterward, Emir Yusuf's large Druze force from Wadi al-Taym and Chouf was routed by Sheikh Nasif's Shia cavalrymen at
3604:
3286:
2000:, and the latter attempted to reconcile Emir Yusuf with his uncle. Emir Mansur declined Sheikh Ali's mediation. Sa'ad al-Khuri, Emir Yusuf's
1430:
1673:, and defeated the Crusaders in an engagement in 1244. Amir's son and successor, Qurqumaz, took refuge with the Ma'ns in the Chouf during a
3328:
1937:
and were joined by the Jumblatt, Talhuq, Imad, Nakad and Abd al-Malik clans, while the Yamani faction led by Abi Harmoush mobilized at
1851:
The transfer of the Ma'n emirate to the Shihabs made the family's chief the holder of a large tax farm that included the Chouf, Gharb,
1992:, had backed Emir Ahmad in his struggle and had his properties in Chouf confiscated by Emir Mansur. Emir Yusuf, who was raised as a
1732:
in 1623, which sealed Fakhr al-Din's growing power in Mount Lebanon. In 1629, Husayn Shihab of Rashaya married the daughter of Emir
2189:
Today, the Shihabs are still one of the most prominent families in Lebanon, and the third president of Lebanon after independence,
1657:. Munqidh was succeeded by his son Najm (d. 1224), who was in turn succeeded by his son Amir (d. 1260). The latter allied with the
1493:
region, purportedly as early as the 12th century. During early Ottoman rule, they maintained an alliance and marital ties with the
2008:, the governor of Damascus. The latter directed his son Mehmed Pasha al-Kurji, governor of Tripoli, to transfer the tax farms of
3584:
3297:
Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the 18th and 19th Centuries by Mikhayil Mishaqa (1800-1873)
1649:
in an engagement there the following year. The same sources note that he was appointed governor of Wadi al-Taym in 1174 by the
2193:, was a member of this family (descending from the line of Emir Hasan, Emir Bashir II's brother) as was former Prime Minister
1839:
When Emir Ahmad Ma'n died without a male heir in 1697, the sheikhs of the Qaysi Druze faction of Mount Lebanon, including the
1681:
rule (1260–1516), according to the family histories. Their chief, Ali ibn Ahmad, was mentioned by the local Druze chronicler
3351:
3469:
2004:(manager), managed to persuade Sheikh Ali to withdraw his backing of Emir Mansur, while Emir Yusuf gained the support of
1517:
in 1711, consolidating their dominance of Mount Lebanon through the mid-19th century. The family's most prominent emir,
3594:
3305:
3261:
3236:
3215:
3196:
3144:
1899:
clans to the Qaysi faction. Bashir was poisoned and died in 1705. The 17th-century Maronite Patriarch and historian,
2094:
In 1775, Sheikh Zahir was defeated and killed in an Ottoman campaign, and al-Jazzar was installed in Sheikh Zahir's
3574:
1804:
1582:, belonged. Mishaqa held the family's ancestor was a commander in the conquest, Harith, who fell in battle at the
1958:
Wa'il clan had been poor) and Emir Mulhim took it as a grave insult. In the ensuing campaign, the Wa'ili sheikh,
1799:, killing forty Ottoman soldiers, including the garrison commander, Ahmad Qalawun, a descendant of Mamluk sultan
396:
1674:
1521:, centralized control in the region, destroying the feudal power of the mostly Druze lords and cultivating the
1076:
1962:, was captured, albeit briefly. Emir Mulhim had the support of Sidon's governor in his actions in Jabal Amil.
3188:
17:
641:
1772:
until 1663. Four years later, the Ma'ns and their Qaysi coalition defeated the Yamani coalition led by the
2060:
1740:(Ali's troops were loaned to him by the Ottoman governor of Damascus, who was opposed to Fakhr al-Din).
571:
3121:
1759:
region in northern Mount Lebanon seeking Hamade protection. Koprulu Mehmed Pasha issued orders to Emir
2201:, is still a private property of the Shihabs, with many of the family's members still residing in it.
1887:, continued the good relationship with Bashir, who by then had appointed a fellow Sunni Muslim Qaysi,
3579:
2129:, who was comparable to Fakhr ad-Din II. His ability as a statesman was first tested in 1799, when
1678:
1575:
1320:
3208:
The View from Istanbul: Lebanon and the Druze Emirate in the Ottoman Chancery Documents, 1546–1711
3589:
3253:
1591:
1066:
1996:
but publicly presented himself as a Sunni Muslim, gained protection from Sheikh Ali Jumblatt in
3569:
3427:
2158:
1654:
1171:
1116:
3247:
3226:
1788:, after the latter killed Faris Shihab in 1680 (Faris had recently displaced the Harfush from
1737:
3523:
3295:
3178:
3134:
2154:
2088:
2005:
1884:
1526:
1513:
Under Haydar, the Shihabs crushed their main rivals for paramountcy amongst the Druze at the
1161:
1131:
72:
50:
3273:
New Documents on the History of Mount Lebanon and Arabistan in the 10th and 11th Centuries H
2047:, and Sheikh Nasif al-Nassar of Jabal Amil in their revolt against the Ottoman governors of
3535:
1748:
1305:
1186:
8:
1721:
1579:
1395:
406:
1755:
Hamade clan of Keserwan. As Ottoman troops raided Wadi al-Taym, the Shihabs fled to the
1637:
The 19th-century family histories of the Shihabs by Haydar al-Shihabi and his associate
711:
3367:
3280:
2202:
2138:
2044:
2018:
1942:
1912:
1903:, asserts Haydar, who had since reached adulthood, was responsible for Bashir's death.
1900:
1747:, which included Mount Lebanon and Wadi al-Taym, and under the command of Grand Vizier
1598:
region south of Damascus. In 1172, the Banu Shihab migrated from their home village of
1514:
1101:
866:
751:
611:
336:
271:
3320:
691:
3409:
3403:
3379:
3373:
3301:
3257:
3232:
3211:
3192:
3140:
2177:
was then appointed. On January 13, 1842, the sultan deposed Bashir III and appointed
1938:
1708:
1638:
1211:
1056:
661:
301:
291:
281:
166:
2181:
as governor of Mount Lebanon. This event marked the end of the rule of the Shihabs.
3439:
3421:
3391:
2516:
2471:
2440:
2409:
2378:
2126:
2112:
2052:
1481:) is an Arab family whose members served as the paramount tax farmers and emirs of
1365:
1361:
1350:
1331:
996:
976:
956:
876:
671:
551:
476:
466:
416:
346:
246:
196:
3493:
3463:
3433:
3182:
2777:
2567:
1993:
1959:
1888:
1835:
shaded in red. The Shihabi emirs Bashir I and Haydar were successors of the Ma'ns
1828:
1765:
1736:. In 1650, the Ma'n and Shihab clans defeated a mercenary army of the Druze emir
1729:
1700:
1658:
1563:
1522:
1494:
1466:
1301:
1271:
1036:
1026:
936:
916:
806:
741:
701:
681:
591:
516:
506:
496:
456:
426:
366:
356:
236:
186:
2055:
of Egypt had occupied Damascus, but withdrew after Ali Bey's leading commander,
3529:
3505:
3457:
2068:
1980:
Emir Mulhim became ill and was forced to resign in 1753 by his brothers, emirs
1896:
1733:
1689:
1666:
1650:
1603:
1486:
1376:
1286:
1230:
1006:
896:
826:
76:
3160:
1525:
clergy as an alternative power base in their emirate. In 1831, he allied with
3563:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3451:
2403:
Young sons of Yusuf. Real power held by their Maronite manager Jirji al-Baz.
2313:
2281:
2198:
2194:
2142:
2056:
2048:
2040:
1981:
1975:
1919:
1880:
1872:
1852:
1808:
1760:
1670:
1534:
1506:
1482:
1256:
761:
621:
129:
2361:
2330:
2162:
2146:
2134:
2095:
2079:
2075:
2030:
1989:
1785:
1781:
1744:
1725:
1704:
1642:
1631:
1611:
1607:
1567:
1530:
1490:
1260:
731:
486:
2074:
Uthman Pasha, seeking to prevent Beirut's fall to Sheikh Zahir, appointed
3210:. Oxford and New York: The Centre for Lebanese Studies and I. B. Tauris.
2569:
The Origins of the Druze People: With Extracts from their Sacred Writings
2190:
1934:
1773:
1752:
1120:
886:
796:
581:
436:
386:
3547:
3541:
2533:
2178:
2174:
2083:
1930:
when Abi Harmoush's forces pursued him to Ghazir, which was plundered.
1876:
1844:
1803:. Emir Ahmad fled and had his tax farms confiscated and transferred to
1751:, launched an expedition targeting the Shihabs of Wadi al-Taym and the
1583:
1406:
1046:
1016:
846:
651:
216:
104:
2261:
Son of Musa Shihab of Hasbaya (d. 1693) and a daughter of Ahmad Ma'n.
3415:
3397:
1997:
1857:
1716:
and later that year attacked his brother Ali in the latter's fort of
1682:
1646:
1518:
1489:
rule (1517–1918). Before then, the family had been in control of the
1391:
1346:
1316:
1241:
1226:
631:
601:
446:
206:
146:
58:
3136:
Fouad Chéhab (1902-1973). Une figure oubliée de l'histoire libanaise
2121:
Bashir Shihab II was the Emir of Mount Lebanon from 1789 until 1840.
1622:
3481:
3445:
3385:
2166:
2130:
2064:
1840:
1756:
1695:
1587:
1175:
946:
906:
856:
816:
721:
376:
326:
226:
1823:
3355:
2244:
2013:
1800:
1789:
1717:
1713:
1627:
1571:
1538:
1335:
1245:
1215:
1150:
986:
966:
926:
836:
771:
561:
176:
2157:, the founder of modern Egypt, and assisted Muhammad Ali's son,
2247:
and a daughter of Ahmad Ma'n. Acted as regent for Emir Haydar.
2206:
2117:
2036:
2009:
1927:
1923:
1895:. He also secured the allegiance of the Shia Muslim Munkir and
1860:
1796:
1777:
1769:
1599:
1595:
1474:
1410:
1290:
1146:
156:
3511:
2782:. Institute for Women Studies in the Arab World. p. 111.
2150:
2100:
1892:
1832:
1812:
1662:
1559:
1502:
1498:
1380:
1135:
1105:
3294:
Mishaqa, Mikhail (1988). Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (ed.).
3228:
The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society
2216:
1555:
1275:
2685:
2465:
Members of the Rashaya-based branch of the Shihab family.
1541:, with some members having reached high political office.
2738:
2736:
2675:
2673:
2634:
2721:
2709:
2697:
3350:
2658:
1827:
Genealogical tree showing the marital ties between the
2733:
2670:
1831:
and Shihab dynasties, with the paramount emirs of the
1594:
in 634. At some later point, the tribe settled in the
2646:
2622:
2610:
2510:
Son of As'ad, who was a paternal grandson of Haydar.
1641:
claim that the clan's leader during its migration to
2125:
The most prominent among the Shihabi emirs was Emir
2324:Second reign, during which he ruled without Ahmad.
1792:), prompting an armed mobilization by the Shihabs.
2205:, who was born in Hasbaya, served the governor of
1969:
1815:. Emir Ahmad was restored his tax farms in 1695.
1505:emirs and tax farmers of Mount Lebanon. When the
3561:
2771:
2769:
2767:
1645:was Munqidh ibn Amr (d. 1193), who defeated the
1485:from the early 18th to mid-19th century, during
2544:Son of Qasim. Mount Lebanon Emirate abrogated.
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2845:
2843:
3336:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2779:The Sisters of Men: Lebanese Women in History
2764:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
1574:tribe to which the leader of the 7th-century
1438:
3224:
3139:(in French). Karthala Editions. p. 45.
3122:Library of Congress - The Shihabs, 1697-1842
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2886:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
1617:
39:
2997:
2840:
1807:, who also commandeered the Ma'n palace in
3600:Converts to Eastern Catholicism from Islam
3343:
3329:
3285:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3205:
3184:Provincial Leaderships in Syria, 1575-1650
3177:
2775:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2664:
2585:
2071:fleet, which bombarded Emir Yusuf's camp.
1562:. According to the 19th-century historian
1445:
1431:
57:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3090:
3059:
3015:
2959:
2947:
2922:
2902:
2881:
2861:
2822:
2795:
2748:
3132:
2561:
2559:
2116:
1822:
1621:
3293:
3270:
2742:
2691:
2679:
2652:
2640:
2628:
2616:
14:
3562:
3300:. State University of New York Press.
3245:
3108:
2389:Son of Umar, who was a son of Haydar.
1863:were subsidiary tax farmers, known as
1818:
3605:Converts to Christianity from Druzism
3324:
2565:
2556:
2106:
27:Lebanese political family (1697–1842)
2043:, the Zaydani strongman of northern
1554:The Banu Shihab were purportedly an
123:Historical Arab states and dynasties
2582:Mishaqa, ed. Thackston 1988, p. 23.
2137:, a well-fortified coastal city in
1743:In 1660, the Ottomans, created the
1626:The 12th-century Shihab Citadel in
1470:
40:
24:
2141:, about forty kilometers south of
1952:
1906:
1891:, as the subsidiary tax farmer of
25:
3616:
3316:
2051:. Sheikh Zahir and the forces of
2024:
1988:Another son of Emir Mulhim, Emir
1764:into Syria, taking up shelter at
3206:Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim (2004).
2212:
544:Western dynasties and caliphates
128:
3225:Abu Izzeddin, Nejla M. (1993).
3170:
3153:
3126:
3081:
3050:
3041:
2938:
2893:
2858:Abu Izzeddin 1998, pp. 201–202.
2852:
2813:
2786:
1566:, they were descendants of the
2601:
2576:
2346:Emirs Sayyid-Ahmad and Effendi
1970:Power struggle for the emirate
13:
1:
3585:Political families of Lebanon
3189:American University of Beirut
2550:
2425:Emirs Husayn and Sa'ad ad-Din
2394:Emirs Husayn and Sa'ad ad-Din
3249:Lebanon: A History, 600-2011
2776:Khairallah, Shereen (1996).
7:
3271:Hourani, Alexander (2010).
3133:Malsagne, Stéphane (2011).
264:Arab empires and caliphates
10:
3621:
2849:Abu Izzeddin 1998, p. 202.
2598:Abu Izzeddin 1998, p. 201.
2566:Hitti, Philipp K. (1928).
2110:
2028:
1973:
1910:
1693:Qasim's son Ahmad was the
1558:tribe originally from the
1549:
1544:
63:Flag of the Shihab dynasty
3595:Ottoman period in Lebanon
3363:
3047:Abu Izzeddin, pp 203–204.
2899:Harris 2012, pp. 114–115.
2792:Harris 2012, pp. 109–110.
2184:
1776:outside the port town of
1618:Governors of Wadi al-Taym
1610:, a plain at the foot of
1533:during his occupation of
110:
100:
90:
82:
68:
56:
49:
34:
3246:Harris, William (2012).
3161:"Bachir 2 Shihab Chehab"
2243:Son of Husayn Shihab of
1576:Muslim conquest of Syria
572:Umayyad state of Córdoba
3575:Lebanese noble families
3418:(970–11th/12th century)
3254:Oxford University Press
3179:Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim
2572:. AMS Press. p. 7.
1461:(alternatively spelled
35:Shihab (Chehab) dynasty
2487:Emirs Hasan and Salman
2456:Emirs Hasan and Salman
2275:Eldest son of Haydar.
2209:, Syria in 1936-1939.
2161:, in another siege of
2122:
1836:
1703:and the Kurdish rebel
1634:
51:Emirs of Mount Lebanon
3012:Abu Izzeddin, p. 203.
2147:Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar
2120:
2089:Muhammad Pasha al-Azm
2076:Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar
2006:Uthman Pasha al-Kurji
1885:Arslan Mataraci Pasha
1826:
1625:
1162:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1077:Mutawakkilite Kingdom
73:Mount Lebanon Emirate
3548:Hashemites of Jordan
3087:Harris, pp. 122–123.
2919:Harris 2012, p. 115.
2890:Harris 2012, p. 117.
2837:Harris 2012, p. 113.
2819:Harris 2012, p. 111.
2810:Harris 2012, p. 110.
2761:Harris 2012, p. 109.
2607:Winter 2010, p. 128.
2145:. Both Napoleon and
1749:Koprulu Mehmed Pasha
3502:(16th–19th century)
3496:(15th–19th century)
3448:(11th–12th century)
3400:(10th–11th century)
2694:, pp. 971–972.
2643:, pp. 969–970.
2431:Maronite Christians
2400:Maronite Christians
2061:Battle of Lake Hula
1819:Regency of Bashir I
1653:ruler of Damascus,
1614:(Jabal al-Sheikh).
1580:Khalid ibn al-Walid
139:Ancient Arab states
3542:Hashemites of Iraq
2524:Maronite Christian
2479:Maronite Christian
2448:Maronite Christian
2417:Maronite Christian
2386:Maronite Christian
2369:Maronite Christian
2338:Maronite Christian
2203:Mustafa al-Shihabi
2169:on June 14, 1832.
2155:Muhammad Ali Pasha
2123:
2107:Reign of Bashir II
1943:Battle of Ain Dara
1913:Battle of Ain Dara
1901:Istifan al-Duwayhi
1843:clan, convened in
1837:
1774:Alam al-Din family
1665:clan based in the
1635:
1592:siege of that city
1590:during the Muslim
1515:Battle of Ain Dara
1501:-based, paramount
1204:Current monarchies
867:Sharifate of Mecca
337:Emirate of Tbilisi
327:Emirate of Armenia
177:Kingdom of Osroene
3557:
3556:
3352:Islamic dynasties
2548:
2547:
2175:Bashir Shihab III
1994:Maronite Catholic
1709:Hafiz Ahmed Pasha
1639:Tannus al-Shidyaq
1455:
1454:
1420:
1419:
1195:
1194:
1187:Tippu Tip's State
1085:
1084:
1057:Emirate of Beihan
789:Arabian Peninsula
780:
779:
535:
534:
319:Eastern dynasties
310:
309:
255:
254:
167:Nabataean Kingdom
157:Kingdom of Lihyan
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
3612:
3580:Lebanese princes
3345:
3338:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3267:
3242:
3221:
3202:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3130:
3124:
3119:
3106:
3103:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3013:
3010:
2995:
2992:
2957:
2954:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2920:
2917:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2879:
2876:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2838:
2835:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2762:
2759:
2746:
2740:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2355:Sons of Mulhim.
2293:Sons of Haydar.
2217:
2127:Bashir Shihab II
2113:Bashir Shihab II
2053:Ali Bey al-Kabir
1805:Musa Alam al-Din
1507:last Ma'nid emir
1472:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1208:
1207:
1172:Nabahani dynasty
1117:Nabahani dynasty
1102:Makhzumi dynasty
1098:
1097:
793:
792:
548:
547:
347:Emirate of Crete
323:
322:
268:
267:
247:Kingdom of Kinda
197:Kingdom of Hatra
147:Kingdom of Qedar
143:
142:
132:
120:
119:
61:
44:
43:
42:
32:
31:
21:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3359:
3349:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3278:
3277:
3264:
3239:
3218:
3199:
3173:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3109:
3105:Harris, p. 123.
3104:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:Harris, p. 122.
3077:
3060:
3056:Harris, p. 121.
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:Harris, p. 120.
3037:
3016:
3011:
2998:
2994:Harris, p. 119.
2993:
2960:
2956:Harris, p. 118.
2955:
2948:
2944:Harris, p. 117.
2943:
2939:
2935:Harris, p. 116.
2934:
2923:
2918:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2882:
2878:Harris, p. 114.
2877:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2774:
2765:
2760:
2749:
2741:
2734:
2728:Abu-Husayn 1985
2726:
2722:
2716:Abu-Husayn 1985
2714:
2710:
2704:Abu-Husayn 1985
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2671:
2665:Abu-Husayn 2004
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2557:
2553:
2341:Son of Mulhim.
2307:Son of Mulhim.
2215:
2187:
2115:
2109:
2033:
2027:
1978:
1972:
1960:Nasif al-Nassar
1955:
1953:Reign of Mulhim
1915:
1909:
1907:Reign of Haydar
1889:Umar al-Zaydani
1821:
1738:Ali Alam al-Din
1730:Battle of Anjar
1701:Fakhr al-Din II
1675:Mongol invasion
1620:
1564:Mikhail Mishaqa
1552:
1547:
1451:
1422:
1421:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1132:Mahdali dynasty
1095:
1087:
1086:
1027:Muscat and Oman
797:Imamate of Oman
790:
782:
781:
545:
537:
536:
320:
312:
311:
265:
257:
256:
187:Emesene Dynasty
140:
95:
64:
45:
38:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3618:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3590:Arab dynasties
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:(1921–present)
3545:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3318:
3317:External links
3315:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3291:
3268:
3262:
3243:
3237:
3222:
3216:
3203:
3197:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3152:
3145:
3125:
3107:
3089:
3080:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3014:
2996:
2958:
2946:
2937:
2921:
2901:
2892:
2880:
2860:
2851:
2839:
2821:
2812:
2794:
2785:
2763:
2747:
2745:, p. 972.
2732:
2720:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2682:, p. 971.
2669:
2657:
2655:, p. 970.
2645:
2633:
2631:, p. 969.
2621:
2619:, p. 968.
2609:
2600:
2584:
2575:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2496:Second reign.
2494:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2482:Fourth reign.
2480:
2477:
2474:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2436:
2435:
2434:Second reign.
2432:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2420:Second reign.
2418:
2415:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2374:
2373:
2372:Second reign.
2370:
2367:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2186:
2183:
2111:Main article:
2108:
2105:
2029:Main article:
2026:
2025:Reign of Yusuf
2023:
1971:
1968:
1954:
1951:
1908:
1905:
1820:
1817:
1690:Ottoman Empire
1619:
1616:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1459:Shihab dynasty
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:Ras al Khaymah
1223:
1222:
1219:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1147:Mazrui dynasty
1143:
1142:
1139:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1002:
999:
993:
992:
989:
983:
982:
979:
973:
972:
969:
963:
962:
959:
953:
952:
949:
943:
942:
939:
933:
932:
929:
923:
922:
919:
913:
912:
909:
903:
902:
899:
893:
892:
889:
883:
882:
879:
873:
872:
869:
863:
862:
859:
853:
852:
849:
843:
842:
839:
833:
832:
829:
823:
822:
819:
813:
812:
809:
803:
802:
799:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
778:
777:
774:
768:
767:
764:
758:
757:
754:
748:
747:
744:
738:
737:
734:
728:
727:
724:
718:
717:
714:
708:
707:
704:
698:
697:
694:
688:
687:
684:
678:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
658:
657:
654:
648:
647:
644:
638:
637:
634:
628:
627:
624:
618:
617:
614:
608:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
588:
587:
584:
578:
577:
574:
568:
567:
564:
562:Fihrid Emirate
558:
557:
554:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
533:
532:
529:
523:
522:
519:
513:
512:
509:
503:
502:
499:
493:
492:
489:
483:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
449:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
419:
413:
412:
409:
403:
402:
399:
393:
392:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:
329:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
307:
304:
298:
297:
294:
288:
287:
284:
278:
277:
274:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
253:
252:
249:
243:
242:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
199:
193:
192:
189:
183:
182:
179:
173:
172:
169:
163:
162:
159:
153:
152:
149:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
125:
124:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
77:Ottoman Empire
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
47:
46:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3617:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Shihab family
3568:
3567:
3565:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3309:
3307:9780887067129
3303:
3299:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3263:9780195181111
3259:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3238:9789004097056
3234:
3230:
3229:
3223:
3219:
3217:1-86064-856-8
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3198:9780815660729
3194:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3162:
3156:
3148:
3146:9782811133689
3142:
3138:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3053:
3044:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2896:
2887:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2816:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2730:, p. 93.
2729:
2724:
2718:, p. 88.
2717:
2712:
2706:, p. 25.
2705:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2667:, p. 24.
2666:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2527:Fifth reign.
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:Sunni Muslims
2492:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:Sunni Muslims
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2451:Third reign.
2450:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:Sunni Muslims
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2234:Emir Bashir I
2233:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2213:List of Emirs
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:South Lebanon
2196:
2195:Khaled Chehab
2192:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:Ibrahim Pasha
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2080:Ottoman Egypt
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:Abu al-Dhahab
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:Zahir al-Umar
2038:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1976:Mansur Shihab
1967:
1963:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:Zahir al-Umar
1914:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1881:South Lebanon
1878:
1874:
1873:Bilad Bishara
1868:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:Deir al-Qamar
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:Mount Lebanon
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1483:Mount Lebanon
1480:
1479:al-Shihābiyūn
1476:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:Umm al-Quwain
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
990:
988:
985:
984:
980:
978:
975:
974:
970:
968:
965:
964:
960:
958:
955:
954:
950:
948:
945:
944:
940:
938:
935:
934:
930:
928:
925:
924:
920:
918:
915:
914:
910:
908:
905:
904:
900:
898:
895:
894:
890:
888:
885:
884:
880:
878:
875:
874:
870:
868:
865:
864:
860:
858:
855:
854:
850:
848:
845:
844:
840:
838:
835:
834:
830:
828:
825:
824:
820:
818:
815:
814:
810:
808:
805:
804:
800:
798:
795:
794:
786:
785:
775:
773:
770:
769:
765:
763:
760:
759:
755:
753:
750:
749:
745:
743:
740:
739:
735:
733:
730:
729:
725:
723:
720:
719:
715:
713:
710:
709:
705:
703:
700:
699:
695:
693:
690:
689:
685:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
663:
660:
659:
655:
653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
622:Muslim Sicily
620:
619:
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
593:
590:
589:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
553:
550:
549:
541:
540:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
518:
515:
514:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
498:
495:
494:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
454:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
428:
425:
424:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
408:
405:
404:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
378:
375:
374:
370:
368:
365:
364:
360:
358:
355:
354:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
338:
335:
334:
330:
328:
325:
324:
316:
315:
305:
303:
300:
299:
295:
293:
290:
289:
285:
283:
280:
279:
275:
273:
270:
269:
261:
260:
251:450 AD–550 AD
250:
248:
245:
244:
240:
238:
235:
234:
230:
228:
225:
224:
220:
218:
215:
214:
210:
208:
205:
204:
200:
198:
195:
194:
191:64 BC–300s AD
190:
188:
185:
184:
181:132 BC–244 AD
180:
178:
175:
174:
171:400 BC–106 AD
170:
168:
165:
164:
161:600 BC–100 BC
160:
158:
155:
154:
151:800 BC–300 BC
150:
148:
145:
144:
136:
135:
131:
127:
126:
122:
121:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
60:
55:
52:
48:
33:
30:
19:
18:Shihab family
3517:
3508:(1560s–1690)
3296:
3272:
3248:
3227:
3207:
3183:
3171:Bibliography
3155:
3135:
3128:
3083:
3052:
3043:
2940:
2895:
2854:
2815:
2788:
2778:
2743:Hourani 2010
2723:
2711:
2699:
2692:Hourani 2010
2687:
2680:Hourani 2010
2660:
2653:Hourani 2010
2648:
2641:Hourani 2010
2636:
2629:Hourani 2010
2624:
2617:Hourani 2010
2612:
2603:
2578:
2568:
2507:Sunni Muslim
2321:Sunni Muslim
2272:Sunni Muslim
2258:Sunni Muslim
2240:Sunni Muslim
2188:
2171:
2124:
2093:
2073:
2034:
2031:Yusuf Shihab
2001:
1987:
1979:
1964:
1956:
1947:
1932:
1916:
1869:
1864:
1850:
1838:
1794:
1786:Beqaa Valley
1782:Harfush clan
1745:Sidon Eyalet
1742:
1722:Sidon-Beirut
1705:Ali Janbulad
1694:
1687:
1643:Wadi al-Taym
1636:
1632:Wadi al-Taym
1612:Mount Hermon
1608:Wadi al-Taym
1606:westward to
1604:Jabal Hauran
1570:clan of the
1568:Banu Makhzum
1553:
1527:Muhammad Ali
1512:
1495:Ma'n dynasty
1491:Wadi al-Taym
1478:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1416:1921–present
1401:1900–present
1386:1868–present
1371:1833–present
1356:1810–present
1341:1783–present
1326:1775–present
1311:1761–present
1296:1752–present
1281:1749–present
1266:1744–present
1261:Saudi Arabia
1251:1727–present
1236:1727–present
1221:1631–present
526:
231:300s–500s AD
29:
3544:(1921–1958)
3538:(1805–1952)
3532:(1726–1834)
3526:(1704–1831)
3520:(1697–1842)
3514:(1649–1850)
3490:(1382–1517)
3484:(1376–1843)
3478:(1250–1382)
3472:(1234–1262)
3466:(1171–1341)
3460:(1127–1250)
3454:(1104–1154)
3442:(1024–1080)
2266:Emir Mulhim
2252:Emir Haydar
2191:Fuad Chehab
1935:Ras al-Matn
1753:Shia Muslim
1734:Mulhim Ma'n
1659:Ma'n family
1121:Pate Island
1094:East Africa
887:Sulaymanids
827:Ukhaidhirds
612:Sulaymanids
582:Muhallabids
487:Munqidhites
387:Shirvanshah
241:300s–602 AD
211:196–1100 AD
201:100s–241 AD
101:Final ruler
3564:Categories
3436:(990–1096)
3430:(990–1085)
3424:(990–1081)
3406:(909–1171)
3394:(890–1004)
3382:(750–1258)
3187:. Beirut:
2551:References
2534:Bashir III
2501:Emir Abbas
2298:Emir Qasim
2179:Omar Pasha
2084:Qabb Ilyas
1974:See also:
1911:See also:
1877:Jabal Amil
1865:muqata'jis
1845:Semqaniyeh
1766:Jabal A'la
1761:Ahmad Ma'n
1669:region of
1655:Nur al-Din
1584:Bab Sharqi
1407:Hashemites
1362:Al Maktoum
1332:Al Khalifa
1017:Upper Yafa
1007:Ya'arubids
847:Qarmatians
732:Sumadihids
221:220–638 AD
217:Ghassanids
111:Deposition
105:Bashir III
3470:Lu'lu'ids
3440:Mirdasids
3428:Marwanids
3422:Numayrids
3416:Jarrahids
3412:(935–969)
3410:Ikhsidids
3398:Hadhabani
3392:Hamdanids
3388:(868–905)
3376:(661–750)
3370:(632–661)
3368:Rashiduns
3281:cite book
3275:. Beirut.
3231:. Brill.
2538:1840–1842
2521:1822–1840
2517:Bashir II
2504:1821–1822
2476:1820–1821
2472:Bashir II
2459:1819–1820
2445:1800–1819
2441:Bashir II
2428:1799–1800
2414:1795–1799
2410:Bashir II
2397:1794–1795
2383:1789–1794
2379:Bashir II
2366:1778–1789
2335:1770–1778
2318:1760–1770
2287:1753–1760
2284:and Ahmad
2269:1732–1753
2255:1705–1732
2237:1697–1705
2139:Palestine
2133:besieged
2045:Palestine
1998:Moukhtara
1768:south of
1683:Ibn Sibat
1647:Crusaders
1519:Bashir II
1471:الشهابيون
1392:Al Sharqi
1347:Al Nuaimi
1317:Al Mualla
1306:Abu Dhabi
1302:Al Nahyan
1242:Al Qasimi
1227:Al Qasimi
1191:1860–1887
1181:1858–1895
1166:1856–1964
1156:1746–1828
1141:1277–1495
1126:1203–1894
1081:1926–1970
1071:1906–1934
1061:1903–1967
1051:1858–1967
1047:Qu'aitids
1041:1836–1921
1037:Rashidids
1031:1820–1970
1021:1800–1967
1011:1624–1742
1001:1597–1872
991:1463–1521
981:1454–1526
971:1395–1967
967:Kathirids
961:1305–1487
957:Jarwanids
951:1253–1320
941:1229–1454
931:1159–1174
921:1154–1624
917:Nabhanids
911:1083–1174
901:1076–1253
891:1063–1174
881:1047–1138
877:Sulayhids
776:1837–1969
772:Senussids
766:1554–1659
756:1230–1492
746:1049–1078
736:1041–1091
726:1039–1110
716:1031–1091
712:Jawharids
706:1027–1063
702:Muzaynids
696:1026–1057
692:Hammudids
686:1023–1062
682:Yahsubids
676:1023–1091
666:1020–1086
656:1013–1039
646:1012–1051
636:1004–1412
602:Aghlabids
531:1697–1842
521:1517–1865
511:1480–1677
501:1517–1697
491:1025–1157
481:1024–1080
477:Mirdasids
467:Numayrids
447:Jarrahids
437:Mazyadids
417:Hamdanids
407:Hashimids
367:Habbarids
357:Dulafids
207:Tanukhids
41:الشهابيون
3536:Alawiyya
3482:Bahdinan
3464:Ayyubids
3446:Artuqids
3434:Uqaylids
3404:Fatimids
3386:Tulunids
3380:Abbasids
3374:Umayyads
3181:(1985).
2226:Religion
2167:Damascus
2131:Napoleon
2065:Nabatieh
2002:mudabbir
1939:Ain Dara
1879:(modern
1858:Maronite
1841:Jumblatt
1757:Keserwan
1696:multazim
1588:Damascus
1586:gate of
1523:Maronite
1396:Fujairah
1377:Al Thani
1287:Al Sabah
1176:Wituland
1111:896–1279
1067:Idrisids
997:Qasimids
977:Tahirids
947:Usfurids
937:Rasulids
907:Zurayids
871:968–1925
857:Wajihids
851:899–1077
841:897–1962
831:865–1066
817:Yufirids
811:819–1138
807:Ziyadids
801:751–1970
742:Tahirids
672:Abbadids
652:Tujibids
626:831–1091
592:Idrisids
576:756–1031
556:710–1019
552:Salihids
517:Harfushs
507:Turabays
471:990–1081
461:990–1096
457:Uqaylids
451:970–1107
441:961–1150
431:955–1071
427:Rawadids
421:890–1004
411:869–1075
391:861–1538
377:Kaysites
371:854–1011
341:736–1122
306:909–1171
302:Fatimids
296:750–1258
292:Abbasids
282:Umayyads
272:Rashidun
237:Lakhmids
227:Salihids
96:Haydar I
94:Bashir I
3530:Jalilis
3524:Mamluks
3518:Shihabs
3494:Harfush
3458:Zengids
3356:Mashriq
2245:Rashaya
2069:Russian
2014:Batroun
1861:Khazens
1801:Qalawun
1790:Baalbek
1784:of the
1718:Rashaya
1714:Hasbaya
1628:Hasbaya
1572:Quraysh
1550:Origins
1545:History
1539:Lebanon
1487:Ottoman
1336:Bahrain
1272:Al Said
1257:Al Saud
1246:Sharjah
1216:Morocco
1212:'Alawis
1151:Mombasa
987:Jabrids
927:Mahdids
897:Uyunids
861:926–965
837:Rassids
821:847–997
762:Saadids
752:Nasrids
662:Amirids
642:Bakrids
632:Kanzids
616:814–922
606:800–909
596:788–974
586:771–793
566:745-757
527:Shihabs
497:Ma'nids
401:864–928
397:Alavids
381:860–964
361:840–897
351:824–961
331:654–884
286:661–750
276:632–661
91:Founder
83:Founded
69:Country
3506:Ridwan
3452:Burids
3358:region
3304:
3260:
3235:
3214:
3195:
3143:
2314:Mansur
2282:Mansur
2280:Emirs
2229:Notes
2207:Aleppo
2185:Legacy
2037:Barouk
2019:Dahdah
2010:Byblos
1982:Mansur
1928:Hermel
1924:Ghazir
1797:Byblos
1778:Beirut
1770:Aleppo
1679:Mamluk
1651:Zengid
1600:Shahba
1596:Hauran
1497:, the
1475:ALA-LC
1467:Arabic
1463:Chehab
1411:Jordan
1291:Kuwait
722:Hudids
3512:Baban
3500:Soran
3488:Burji
3476:Bahri
2532:Emir
2515:Emir
2470:Emir
2439:Emir
2408:Emir
2377:Emir
2362:Yusuf
2360:Emir
2331:Yusuf
2329:Emir
2312:Emir
2223:Reign
2151:Egypt
2101:Akkar
2049:Syria
1990:Yusuf
1893:Safad
1833:Druze
1813:Sidon
1726:Safad
1667:Chouf
1663:Druze
1560:Hejaz
1535:Syria
1531:Egypt
1503:Druze
1499:Chouf
1381:Qatar
1366:Dubai
1351:Ajman
1136:Kilwa
1106:Shewa
3302:ISBN
3287:link
3258:ISBN
3233:ISBN
3212:ISBN
3193:ISBN
3141:ISBN
2490:1821
2349:1778
2301:1760
2220:Name
2163:Acre
2143:Tyre
2135:Acre
2096:Acre
2012:and
1897:Sa'b
1853:Matn
1829:Ma'n
1724:and
1688:The
1661:, a
1556:Arab
1457:The
1276:Oman
114:1842
86:1697
3354:in
1875:in
1630:in
1602:in
1529:of
3566::
3283:}}
3279:{{
3256:.
3252:.
3191:.
3110:^
3092:^
3061:^
3017:^
2999:^
2961:^
2949:^
2924:^
2904:^
2883:^
2863:^
2842:^
2824:^
2797:^
2766:^
2750:^
2735:^
2672:^
2587:^
2558:^
2091:.
1578:,
1477::
1473:,
1469::
1465:;
75:,
3344:e
3337:t
3330:v
3310:.
3289:)
3266:.
3241:.
3220:.
3201:.
3163:.
3149:.
2541:?
2352:?
2304:?
1446:e
1439:t
1432:v
1413:)
1409:(
1398:)
1394:(
1383:)
1379:(
1368:)
1364:(
1353:)
1349:(
1338:)
1334:(
1323:)
1319:(
1308:)
1304:(
1293:)
1289:(
1278:)
1274:(
1263:)
1259:(
1248:)
1244:(
1233:)
1229:(
1218:)
1214:(
1178:)
1174:(
1153:)
1149:(
1138:)
1134:(
1123:)
1119:(
1108:)
1104:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)