251:. For three years, they witnessed the horrendous conditions under which the men and women there worked. This experience resulted in Katō and her husband suffering from a breakdown of health, which prompted the couple to move to the United States in 1919. In the United States, Baron Ishimoto began to veer from Christian humanism toward a more radical Communist position. Katō began to live a more independent life as her husband went off to Washington, D.C., to act as a consultant and interpreter for the Japanese delegation to a conference of the International Labor Organization. During this time, Katō lived in a tenement apartment and enrolled in secretarial and English courses. It was during this time that Katō began to socialize with the socialist acquaintances of her husband, which eventually led her to meet
346:, the writer noted that her efforts "have continued to bear fruits for Japanese society, bringing down the number of abortions, infant mortality, and maternal death rates, while increasing contraceptive usage to 80 percent. Japan's family planning model has been so successful that it attracts attention from other countries as a working model."
268:
well as allow there to be a public issue in which women took a leadership role. Another part of her argument was that birth control would help the people of Japan to raise better children. She thought that by having fewer children, women could create better educational and economic opportunities for the children that they did have.
271:
It is around this time that Katō met Kanjū Katō, who would later become her second husband. They met in 1923, when Kanjū Katō, a labor organizer, arranged for her to speak to miners at Ashio copper mine. She was later granted a divorce from her first husband, Baron
Ishimoto, and married Katō in 1944.
293:
Giving birth to many, and letting many die—repeating such an unwise way of life for
Japanese women will result in exhaustion of the maternal body, as well as mental damage and material loss for the family.… Without the liberation and improvement of women, it is impossible to build democracy in
302:
Katō was later elected to four six-year terms in the Upper House. She continued to advocate for reforms affecting women's rights and family planning. Katō championed many causes during this time, including birth control legislation, the abolition of the feudal family code, the establishment of the
288:
Katō was the first woman to campaign for office in Japan, campaigning under a
Socialist platform with and emphasis on American-style democracy. In 1946, Shidzue Katō was elected to the Diet of Japan, the national legislature of Japan. Her campaign platform was based on family planning and improving
298:
Although Katō was initially hopeful of women's growing political role, she was soon marginalized in the mostly male Diet. Despite this, she looked for other ways to achieve her political reforms. In 1946 she was instrumental in organizing the first "women only" rally in Tokyo. This rally protested
267:
During this time Katō published many writings in support of easier access to birth control for women. She argued that Japan's growing population problem could be solved by women. She believed that giving women control of their own reproduction would allow women to achieve greater independence, as
279:
The right-wing pro-natalist
Japanese government arrested Katō in 1937 for her promotion of "dangerous thoughts," specifically her advocacy of birth control and abortion rights, and she spent two weeks in prison. This temporarily ended the birth control movement in Japan until after World War II.
263:
On her return to Japan in 1921, Katō continued to strive for economic independence, and began her mission to propagate birth control education. She got a job as a private secretary for the Y.W.C.A, which primarily consisted of introducing
Western visitors of Japanese culture and people. She also
333:
to commemorate her work. The Katō Shizue Award "targets women's groups, women's organizations and/or individual women who are active in the movement toward improvement of sexual and reproductive health/rights of women as well as empowerment of women (i.e., social, economic, political and legal
227:. Her mother, Tsurumi Toshiko, came from a notable and highly educated family. Hirota travelled frequently to the West for work, and because of this Katō and her family grew up familiar with Western things At age 17, Katō was married to Baron Keikichi Ishimoto (石本恵吉), a
275:
In keeping with the "influence and respectability of eugenics" in the first part of the twentieth century, Katō Shidzue too supported eugenics, believing that children born to two healthy parents would be better off than children born to sick or weak parents.
315:
Even after Katō retired from politics, she continued her political activism. She continued to lecture on feminist issues, as well as continued to chair the Family
Planning Federation of Japan.
791:
31:
406:
766:
771:
776:
213:
806:
439:
633:
343:
796:
751:
289:
the economic prospects of women. In 1946 she wrote concerning the link between the birth control movement and
Japanese democracy:
47:
307:, which works to achieve "a society where everyone in the country can have access to voluntary reproductive health services".
801:
356:
255:. It was this meeting with Sanger that inspired Katō's decision to form a birth control movement on her return to Japan.
535:"Kato, Shidzue 1897-2001 - Dictionary definition of Kato, Shidzue 1897-2001 | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary"
746:
609:
304:
303:
Women's and Minors Bureau of the
Department of Labor, and environmental issues. She was also helped to establish the
139:
65:
826:
816:
534:
511:
319:
756:
415:
565:
218:
42:
811:
761:
821:
729:
563:
Gelb, Joyce (1997). "Review of A "New Woman" of Japan: A Political
Biography of Kato Shidzue".
361:
published by Farrar and
Rinehard (New York, NY), 1935. An edited version for children called
134:
721:
786:
781:
365:
illustrated by Fuji Nakamizo, was published by Farrar and Rinehard (New York, NY), in 1936.
647:
8:
699:
342:
Katō died on December 22, 2001, at the age of 104. In an obituary at the Web site of the
264:
opened a yarn shop called the Minerva Yarn Store, where she sold imported wool products.
224:
708:
Hopper, Helen M. (1989). "Shidzue Ishimoto and Margaret Sanger in Japan, August, 1937".
691:
627:
582:
433:
330:
228:
615:
605:
421:
411:
232:
574:
485:
252:
244:
197:
107:
602:
Japanese feminist debates : a century of contention on sex, love, and labor
243:
Shortly after their marriage, Katō (then Ishimoto) and her husband moved to the
490:
473:
740:
619:
193:
189:
425:
248:
223:
was a successful engineer who received his education and training at the
30:
586:
704:- Discusses Katō's role in a dispute between the ambassador and Sanger
578:
185:
407:
A new woman of Japan : a political biography of Katō Shidzue
209:
124:
103:
792:
Members of the House of Representatives (Empire of Japan)
334:
empowerment) in developing countries and/or in Japan."
767:
Women members of the House of Representatives (Japan)
726:Japan: Places, Images, Times & Transformations
772:Women members of the House of Councillors (Japan)
672:Anonymous (June 1996). "Feminism Reaches Japan".
738:
707:
648:"Japan Family Planning Association, Inc. | IPPF"
231:interested in social reforms. He was the son of
474:"Ishimoto Shizue: The Margaret Sanger of Japan"
363:East Way, West Way: A Modern Japanese Girlhood,
258:
173:
167:
692:"Japan: Sanger's Run-In with the Ambassador"
438:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
283:
212:to a wealthy ex-samurai family. Her father,
777:Members of the House of Councillors (Japan)
599:
344:International Planned Parenthood Federation
208:Shidzue Katō was born on March 2, 1897, in
196:movement. She is known in the U.S. as the "
80:April 10, 1946 – December 23, 1948
632:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
299:for greater economic resources for women.
188:and one of the first women elected to the
29:
671:
489:
238:
807:20th-century Japanese women politicians
509:
739:
471:
66:Member of the House of Representatives
529:
527:
525:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
357:Facing Two Ways: The Story of My Life
562:
558:
556:
554:
505:
503:
501:
178:, March 2, 1897 – December 22, 2001)
60:June 4, 1950 – July 7, 1974
510:Blacker, Carmen (1 February 2002).
337:
305:Family Planning Federation of Japan
13:
684:
522:
446:
403:
388:
43:Member of the House of Councillors
14:
838:
797:Japan Socialist Party politicians
551:
498:
192:, best known as a pioneer in the
752:Japanese birth control activists
676:. Vol. 339. pp. 81–82.
604:(Paperback ed.). Honolulu.
320:United Nations Population Award
16:Japanese politician (1897–2001)
665:
640:
593:
184:, was a 20th-century Japanese
150:Keikichi Ishimoto (1914–1944)
1:
600:Kano, Ayako (November 2017).
381:
203:
802:Japanese socialist feminists
566:The Journal of Asian Studies
259:Return to Japan and activism
7:
410:. Boulder: Westview Press.
404:M., Hopper, Helen (1996) .
318:In 1988, Katō received the
174:
10:
843:
491:10.1080/09612029700200151
310:
284:Diet of Japan (1946–1974)
225:Tokyo Imperial University
168:
156:
146:
130:
113:
93:
88:
84:
73:
64:
53:
41:
37:
28:
21:
747:Japanese women activists
730:University of Pittsburgh
349:
140:Rightist Socialist Party
137:(1946–1951, 1955–1979)
827:Politicians from Tokyo
817:Japanese women writers
478:Women's History Review
472:Tipton, Elise (1997).
331:Dr. Attiya Inayatullah
296:
152:Kanjū Katō (1944–2001)
69:for Tokyo 2nd District
757:Japanese centenarians
291:
239:Move to United States
135:Japan Socialist Party
539:www.encyclopedia.com
375:Katō Shizue Hyakusai
180:, also published as
700:New York University
329:was established by
812:Women centenarians
762:Japanese feminists
327:Katō Shizdue Award
229:Christian humanist
696:The Sanger Papers
233:Ishimoto Shinroku
160:
159:
117:December 22, 2001
48:National District
834:
822:Japanese writers
733:
717:
703:
678:
677:
669:
663:
662:
660:
659:
644:
638:
637:
631:
623:
597:
591:
590:
560:
549:
548:
546:
545:
531:
520:
519:
507:
496:
495:
493:
469:
444:
443:
437:
429:
401:
338:Death and legacy
222:
182:Shidzue Ishimoto
179:
177:
171:
170:
120:
89:Personal details
78:
58:
33:
19:
18:
842:
841:
837:
836:
835:
833:
832:
831:
737:
736:
720:
690:
687:
685:Further reading
682:
681:
670:
666:
657:
655:
646:
645:
641:
625:
624:
612:
598:
594:
579:10.2307/2646389
561:
552:
543:
541:
533:
532:
523:
508:
499:
470:
447:
431:
430:
418:
402:
389:
384:
352:
340:
313:
286:
261:
253:Margaret Sanger
245:Miike coalfield
241:
216:
206:
198:Margaret Sanger
165:
151:
138:
131:Political party
122:
121:(aged 104)
118:
108:Empire of Japan
102:
100:
99:
79:
74:
68:
59:
54:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
840:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
735:
734:
722:"Katō Shidzue"
718:
705:
686:
683:
680:
679:
664:
639:
610:
592:
573:(1): 208–209.
550:
521:
497:
484:(3): 337–355.
445:
416:
386:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
372:
369:Straight Road,
366:
351:
348:
339:
336:
312:
309:
285:
282:
260:
257:
240:
237:
205:
202:
158:
157:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
132:
128:
127:
115:
111:
110:
98:Shidzue Hirota
97:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
71:
70:
62:
61:
51:
50:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
839:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
742:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
702:. 2012-04-30.
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:
675:
674:The Economist
668:
653:
649:
643:
635:
629:
621:
617:
613:
611:9780824873813
607:
603:
596:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
559:
557:
555:
540:
536:
530:
528:
526:
517:
513:
512:"Shizue Kato"
506:
504:
502:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
441:
435:
427:
423:
419:
413:
409:
408:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
387:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
360:
358:
354:
353:
347:
345:
335:
332:
328:
325:In 1996, The
323:
321:
316:
308:
306:
300:
295:
290:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
256:
254:
250:
246:
236:
234:
230:
226:
220:
215:
214:Hirota Ritarô
211:
201:
199:
195:
194:birth control
191:
190:Diet of Japan
187:
183:
176:
164:
155:
149:
145:
141:
136:
133:
129:
126:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:March 2, 1897
96:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
725:
713:
709:
695:
673:
667:
656:. Retrieved
654:. 2016-03-31
651:
642:
601:
595:
570:
564:
542:. Retrieved
538:
516:The Guardian
515:
481:
477:
405:
374:
368:
362:
355:
341:
326:
324:
317:
314:
301:
297:
292:
287:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
242:
207:
181:
163:Shidzue Katō
162:
161:
119:(2001-12-22)
75:
55:
23:Shidzue Katō
787:2001 deaths
782:1897 births
716:(1): 34–50.
217: [
200:of Japan".
175:Katō Shizue
142:(1951–1955)
741:Categories
658:2018-02-20
544:2018-02-15
417:0813389712
382:References
377:, c. 1997.
204:Early life
628:cite book
620:992540964
434:cite book
147:Spouse(s)
76:In office
56:In office
426:33048252
186:feminist
587:2646389
123:Tokyo,
710:Phoebe
618:
608:
585:
424:
414:
311:Honors
294:Japan.
249:Kyūshū
169:加藤 シヅエ
583:JSTOR
371:1956.
350:Works
221:]
210:Japan
125:Japan
104:Tokyo
652:IPPF
634:link
616:OCLC
606:ISBN
440:link
422:OCLC
412:ISBN
114:Died
94:Born
46:for
575:doi
486:doi
482:6:3
247:in
743::
728:.
724:.
712:.
698:.
694:.
650:.
630:}}
626:{{
614:.
581:.
571:56
569:.
553:^
537:.
524:^
514:.
500:^
480:.
476:.
448:^
436:}}
432:{{
420:.
390:^
322:.
235:.
219:ja
172:,
106:,
732:.
714:1
661:.
636:)
622:.
589:.
577::
547:.
518:.
494:.
488::
442:)
428:.
359:,
166:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
