752:, where he caught the leader of the town's garrison Shahruh, who was the son of Ala al-Dawla. Shah Budak blinded Shahruh in retribution for the treatment his son Feyyaz had received in 1484. Shah Budak's forces largely originated from the Ottomans and not his own allied Turkmens. He succeeded in occupying a portion of the Dulkadirid domains, which elicited powerful opposition from his brother. Qaitbay learned of the conflict in March 1489. In May, Mamluk forces left Cairo to help Ala al-Dawla's resistance against Shah Budak, which facilitated the eventual worsting of Shah Budak. Shah Budak took his son Feyyaz with him and escaped to Syria and later to Cairo, where he begged Qaitbay for forgiveness. Qaitbay instead exiled him to a place in
1310:
748:, which was a warning sign to Ala al-Dawla that the Ottomans could attempt to depose him. Ala al-Dawla's revolt against the Ottomans prompted Bayezid to take action. He declared Shah Budak as the legitimate ruler of Dulkadir by granting him a diploma and providing him with the assistance of Hiziroghlu Mehmed Pasha and Mihaloghlu Iskender Bey, the sanjak-beys of Little Rum (Amasya and Sivas) and Kayseri, respectively. Shah Budak first arrived in
667:, against the Aq Qoyunlu, the following year eliminated threats from the east as well as Kilij Arslan's wish to take over. Having secured his reign, Shah Budak continued to reemphasize his allegiance to Qaitbay, such as his bestowal of lavish presents on Qaitbay in Aleppo in the fall of 1478, when he was traveling in Syria with his sons and one of his nephews (Shah Suwar's son).
216:. He took advantage of the discord between Malik Arslan and the Mamluks by provoking the Mamluk sultan to commission his brother's assassination. Malik Arslan was killed in October 1465, and Shah Budak rose to the throne afterwards. However, before the Mamluk forces could come to his aid, he was defeated by his other brother,
686:. Mehmed II strove to enthrone Bozkurt after he received an unfriendly response from Qaitbay when he brought up his earlier promise of leaving his realm to the Ottomans in exchange for their help against Shah Suwar. On the other hand, the Mamluks were in a vulnerable position following their defeat by the Aq Qoyunlu ruler
736:
Ala al-Dawla
Bozkurt, whose relation with the Mamluks had taken a bad turn. However, Kachmas soon changed his mind and put Shah Budak back into prison. On 26 September 1487, Shah Budak managed to break away from prison with the help of his wife and slaves, who often visited his chambers. Shah Budak traveled to the
614:
Shah Budak was enthroned while Shah Suwar and his other rival brothers were being transported to Cairo for their execution. Although many of Shah Budak's brothers were eliminated from the regnal competition, another challenge came from Kilij Arslan Beg, who was the son of Shah Budak's deceased ruling
598:
from the
Dulkadirids after a nine-day siege. Through the confession of a captive, the Mamluks discovered the location of the Dulkadirid forces dwelling in the region killing 28 enemy troops, among whom were their foremost commanders. On 9 August, Shah Suwar sent a representative and many gifts to the
585:
through the mountains, with his forces stationed on the paths going to the town. In June 1469, when the Mamluk army was preparing to return to Egypt due to a shortage of subsistence, the
Dulkadirids struck back. Apart from a significant amount of casualties, Uzbek and Shah Budak were able to return
735:
In 1485, the governor of
Damascus, Kachmas, liberated Shah Budak without the sultan's permission and granted him horses, money, and an honorary robe, deploying him to the Damascene army. Although not detailed by the Syrian historian Ibn Tulun, Kachmas likely intended to use Shah Budak to overthrow
717:
to be played with them. Mehmed II allowed
Bozkurt a larger army under his command, which finally defeated Shah Budak near the Çiğnem Stream, though the historians of that time did not disclose the date of the encounter between the brothers. In March 1480, Shah Budak requested to enter the Mamluk
593:
was further trusted with great authority such as the liberty to appoint and dismiss any official in Syria. The army once again included Shah Budak among its ranks and absorbed various auxiliary
Turkmen forces when it reached Aleppo in May 1471. In June, the Mamluk forces seized control of
722:
on 14 February 1481, who lost the throne sometime before this date and lastly reached Egypt. When Uzbek, the governor of
Damascus, was in the region tasked with countering the fall of Ruha, he did not lend a hand to restore Shah Budak's rule and instead imprisoned him at the
471:(diploma to rule) from the Mamluks. On 30 November 1465, the Dulkadirid ambassador arrived in Cairo confirming Shah Budak's succession. Khushqadam thus sent an honorary robe to the new ruler. Shah Budak instantly faced opposition from his subjects who accused him of
599:
Mamluk commander in Aintab to request peace. The negotiations were inconclusive, and after learning of Shah Suwar's flight to the south, Yashbak dispersed members of his retinue around the area, which forced Shah Suwar to retreat to Marash in August.
643:. His army under the command of Bektashoghlu Umar Beg and Kilij Arslan as part of the vanguard forces passed through the Ottoman or Dulkadirid domains. Aq Qoyunlu forces thus penetrated the Ottoman realm and reached the Karamanid lands, ransacking
537:
disgruntled by Shah Budak's reign or for other reasons. Backed by the
Ottomans, Shah Suwar marched on his brother. Shah Budak proclaimed that any attack on him would be to the Mamluks. Hence, Khushqadam dispatched Berdi Beg, the governor of
678:. With Shah Budak's troops, Bozkurt attacked Ali Bey near Çiğnem Stream, forcing him to flee to a nearby fortress. Afraid of the repercussions of his animosity with an Ottoman official, Bozkurt traveled to
562:, on 4 October 1467, Shah Suwar led an unexpected attack, capturing Berdi Beg and killing several Mamluk commanders. Shah Budak took part in another campaign initiated by the new Mamluk Sultan
606:
in inner
Anatolia. Yashbak approached Zamantu on 22 May 1472, and following a series of failed negotiations based on Shah Suwar's conditions to surrender, he was finally caught and fettered.
602:
One last expedition by
Yashbak took much of the lands the Mamluk Sultanate had lost to Shah Suwar, whose support from the Ottomans dwindled, prompting him to seclude himself in the Castle of
573:). The army was led by Uzbek, the governor of Damascus, and arrived in Aleppo, where it was joined by auxiliary troops. The Dulkadirid forces confronted the Mamluks on the left bank of the
1211:
241:). Shah Suwar was engaged in continuous warfare against the Mamluk Sultanate, whereas Shah Budak took sides with the latter. Shah Suwar was caught by the Mamluk forces on 4 June 1472.
244:
Shah Budak rose to the throne once again, and during his second reign, an initial challenge came from his nephew (Malik Arslan's son) Kilij Arslan Beg, who was in the service of the
709:. Bozkurt marched on Shah Budak with auxiliary Ottoman forces. He initially faced a defeat as some of the Turkmens under him switched sides. The Ottoman forces led by Bayezid's
328:. Qaraja eventually rebelled against the Mamluks and was executed in 1353. The conflict between the Dulkadirids and the Mamluks persisted with the consecutive rule of his sons
655:, demanding Shah Budak to submit. In response to Shah Budak's call for Mamluk aid, an Egyptian army led by Yashbak repelled the Aq Qoyunlu forces, who had taken control of
706:
1708:
1718:
713:
fled to Sis, where they were massacred by the city's Mamluk governor, Sakalsizoghlu Yusuf, who sent their heads to Cairo, where Qaitbay organized a game of
590:
450:). Shah Budak encouraged the sultan to commission Malik Arslan's assassination with the hopes that he could rise to the throne. Khushqadam dispatched a
1713:
727:. Contemporary chronicler Sayrafi described Qaitbay's contentment from Shah Budak's imprisonment due to his failure to show up to defend the Mamluks.
263:
on 11 August 1473, which rendered Kilij Arslan's ambition to topple Shah Budak unfeasible. Mehmed II sponsored another brother of Shah Budak,
1218:
274:), who vanquished Shah Budak and claimed the throne in 1480. Shah Budak escaped to Egypt. He was eventually favored by Mehmed II's successor
619:
and entered the service of Uzun Hasan. Kilij Arslan stood out as a military personnel in the latter's campaigns, including the war with
1347:
682:
to appeal to Mehmed II. The latter, wishing to restore the Ottoman influence over the Dulkadirids, made Bozkurt the sanjak-bey of
1703:
581:
in April 1469. The Dulkadirids were crushed, and Shah Suwar's brother Mughulbay was killed in the battle. Shah Suwar fled to
744:
in the direction of the Ottoman lands. The Ottoman ruler Bayezid II welcomed him and appointed him as the sanjak-bey of
674:, whose wife and son were captured by the sanjak-bey Mihaloghlu Ali Bey reciprocating Bozkurt's raid in the region of
387:
and the Mamluk Sultanate by arranging marriages between their daughters and the sons of the Ottoman sultans. During
259:). Though, the Aq Qoyunlu were fended off by the Mamluks and later faced defeat at the hands of the Ottomans at the
1179:
1115:
1081:
1560:
542:, to come to Shah Budak's aid. Before the Mamluk forces could intervene, Shah Suwar crushed his brother near
1698:
1340:
1313:
1204:
285:). Shah Budak's attempt to overthrow Bozkurt in 1489 was unsuccessful. The Mamluks banished Shah Budak to
765:
764:
Shah Budak's sons included Shah Qubad Feyyaz and Zayn al-Din Malik Arslan. The latter was made the
1540:
1333:
1625:
1595:
1545:
1442:
1437:
440:
1605:
1550:
530:
1575:
1377:
529:, which formerly belonged to his father, Suleiman. Shah Suwar was further given Dulkadir and
458:
to the north. Malik Arslan was murdered in October 1465 at a mosque in Elbistan, during the
1693:
1600:
1585:
1570:
1555:
1525:
1417:
1289:
1264:
710:
671:
628:
373:
264:
164:
84:
1510:
701:
in November 1480. In this conflict, Yashbak was executed. Mehmed II thus gave Bozkurt the
201:
from October 1465 to April 1466 and 4 June 1472 to 1480. During the reign of his brother,
8:
1661:
1635:
1505:
1470:
1244:
724:
664:
329:
260:
1590:
1422:
683:
632:
506:
1645:
1480:
1259:
1254:
1239:
1228:
640:
620:
362:
302:
298:
1615:
533:
nomads under his authority, who had scattered over the region near Bozok (Yozgat) and
1630:
1515:
1407:
1387:
1356:
1185:
1175:
1158:
1142:
1121:
1111:
1087:
1077:
132:
1485:
1154:
718:
territory near Aleppo from its governor. Ibn Tulun recorded Shah Budak's arrival in
558:, Berdi Beg, who reached the Dulkadirid realm in September 1467. In Turnadağ, near
1580:
1535:
1530:
1150:
741:
687:
437:
317:
213:
186:
1610:
1138:
1134:
603:
543:
1520:
1372:
1294:
1071:
501:. Shah Suwar had previously taken part in Mehmed II's campaigns and was made the
1397:
1665:
1392:
745:
679:
554:
Shah Budak was among the ranks of an army under the command of the governor of
384:
325:
228:
98:
91:
1687:
1162:
1125:
1091:
749:
459:
1189:
546:
Castle and reclaimed the rule, prompting Berdi Beg to return in April 1466.
1490:
1475:
1447:
1269:
1073:
Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91
574:
426:
388:
202:
46:
1650:
1673:
1620:
1500:
1432:
1249:
753:
398:) reign, the Dulkadirids were involved in the succession wars within the
340:
313:
286:
198:
1669:
1565:
1279:
636:
502:
487:
407:
403:
399:
383:), the Dulkadirids attempted to forge amicable relations both with the
275:
249:
245:
217:
94:
74:
56:
1495:
1402:
1382:
660:
476:
472:
231:
559:
1196:
719:
627:. Shortly after Shah Suwar's hanging in 1472, Uzun Hasan installed
555:
498:
451:
321:
740:
Mountains, where allied Turkmen lords assisted him in passing the
670:
Shah Budak later sent an aid of a thousand cavalry to his brother
647:
along the way, whereas Uzun Hasan struck from the east and seized
1452:
1427:
1325:
656:
582:
563:
350:), who were both assassinated on the orders of the Mamluk Sultan
151:
1411:
737:
714:
702:
652:
616:
595:
578:
539:
526:
522:
518:
510:
351:
639:
realm and made an effort to facilitate arms trade through the
589:
Another army departed Cairo in February 1471. Its leader Emir
675:
648:
644:
624:
534:
455:
174:
486:) to install Shah Budak's claimant brother who he harbored,
769:
698:
514:
984:
972:
194:
27:
1174:(in Turkish). Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press.
935:
933:
1049:
1047:
950:
948:
920:
918:
513:. On 4 December, Mehmed II appointed Shah Suwar as the
867:
855:
831:
821:
819:
806:
804:
802:
1020:
1008:
996:
960:
930:
1044:
1032:
945:
915:
903:
789:
787:
785:
466:
891:
879:
843:
816:
799:
615:brother, Malik Arslan. Kilij Arslan had settled in
16:Beg of Dulkadir from 1465 to 1466 and 1472 to 1480
782:
465:Shah Budak took over the throne by attaining the
1685:
420:
361:). With the reigns of Shah Budak's grandfather,
1709:Prisoners and detainees of the Mamluk Sultanate
730:
1341:
1212:
1719:15th-century governors of the Ottoman Empire
1108:Devletler ve hanedanlar: Türkiye (1074-1990)
756:in November 1489. Shah Budak died in 1500.
1348:
1334:
1219:
1205:
549:
1714:Governors of the Ottoman Empire by sanjak
772:by the Mamluks and was killed in 1516.
1686:
1169:
1132:
1105:
1069:
1053:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
966:
954:
939:
924:
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
825:
810:
793:
1329:
1200:
1226:
436:), Shah Budak took refuge under the
1110:(in Turkish). Ministry of Culture.
475:and appealed to the Ottoman Sultan
13:
1355:
402:as well as a struggle against the
14:
1730:
1309:
1308:
1141:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
425:During the rule of his brother,
1155:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27743
1063:
692:
609:
568:
492:
481:
445:
431:
412:
393:
378:
367:
356:
345:
334:
316:lord, as a client state of the
307:
280:
269:
254:
236:
222:
207:
1704:15th-century Dulkadirid rulers
1149:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
659:, to the opposite side of the
1:
1561:Muzaffer al-Din Yavlak Arslan
775:
421:Rise to power and first reign
292:
212:), Shah Budak took refuge in
1133:Venzke, Margaret L. (2017).
731:Attempt to regain the throne
665:Ottoman victory at Otlukbeli
484: 1444–46, 1451–81
359: 1382–89, 1390–99
239: 1444–46, 1451–81
7:
467:
10:
1735:
1659:
1461:
1363:
1303:
1235:
759:
623:in 1469 and the siege of
227:), who was backed by the
170:
160:
150:
131:
116:
112:
104:
90:
80:
70:
62:
52:
42:
38:October 1465 – April 1466
34:
26:
21:
143:Zayn al-Din Malik Arslan
1541:Alaattin Ali of Karaman
1106:Öztuna, Yılmaz (2005).
550:Clashes with Shah Suwar
1438:Husam al-Din Timurtash
1170:Yinanç, Refet (1989).
1147:Encyclopaedia of Islam
441:Sayf al-Din Khushqadam
190:
1576:Ibrahim II of Karaman
1464:(13th–15th centuries)
1366:(11th–12th centuries)
1070:Har-El, Shai (1995).
1626:İlyas Bey of Saruhan
1601:Yakup II of Germiyan
1596:Süleyman of Germiyan
1586:Pir Ahmet of Karaman
1571:Bengi Ali of Karaman
1556:Mehmet II of Karaman
1546:Şemseddin of Karaman
1526:Ibrahim I of Karaman
1290:Ala al-Dawla Bozkurt
577:to the southwest of
85:Ala al-Dawla Bozkurt
1699:15th-century births
1662:Seljuks of Anatolia
1636:Bozkurt of Dulkadir
1551:Süleyman of Karaman
1506:Mehmet I of Karaman
1471:Husam al-Din Choban
1443:Rukn al-Dawla Da'ud
1260:Nasir al-Din Mehmed
1245:Ghars al-Din Khalil
993:, pp. 128–129.
981:, pp. 100–101.
725:Citadel of Damascus
330:Ghars al-Din Khalil
261:Battle of Otlukbeli
1646:Kadi Burhan al-Din
1481:Celaleddin Bayezid
1240:Zayn al-Din Qaraja
1137:. In Fleet, Kate;
641:Republic of Venice
303:Zayn al-Din Qaraja
299:Beylik of Dulkadir
66:4 June 1472 – 1480
1681:
1680:
1631:Mesut of Menteshe
1516:Mahmut of Karaman
1511:Güneri of Karaman
1408:Melike Mama Hatun
1388:Melik Mehmed Gazi
1323:
1322:
876:, pp. 70–71.
864:, pp. 68–69.
840:, pp. 61–62.
591:Yashbak al-Bajasi
193:; died 1500) was
180:
179:
140:Shah Qubad Feyyaz
1726:
1591:Kasım of Karaman
1581:Ishak of Karaman
1536:Ahmet of Karaman
1531:Halil of Karaman
1423:Sökmen ibn Artuq
1378:Gazi Gümüshtigin
1350:
1343:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1312:
1311:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1172:Dulkadir Beyliği
1166:
1129:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1057:
1051:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
943:
937:
928:
922:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
814:
808:
797:
791:
742:Taurus Mountains
696:
694:
572:
570:
496:
494:
485:
483:
470:
449:
447:
435:
433:
416:
414:
397:
395:
382:
380:
371:
370: 1399–1442
369:
360:
358:
349:
347:
338:
336:
318:Mamluk Sultanate
311:
309:
284:
283: 1481–1512
282:
273:
272: 1480–1515
271:
258:
256:
240:
238:
226:
224:
211:
209:
127:
125:
19:
18:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1655:
1616:Junayd of Aydın
1606:Dündar of Hamid
1521:Musa of Karaman
1463:
1457:
1418:Sökmen el-Kutbî
1373:Danishmend Gazi
1365:
1359:
1354:
1324:
1319:
1299:
1231:
1225:
1182:
1143:Rowson, Everett
1118:
1096:
1094:
1084:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
977:
973:
965:
961:
953:
946:
938:
931:
923:
916:
908:
904:
896:
892:
884:
880:
872:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
817:
809:
800:
792:
783:
778:
762:
733:
691:
621:Abu Sa'id Mirza
612:
567:
552:
491:
480:
444:
430:
423:
411:
392:
377:
372:), and father,
366:
355:
344:
333:
306:
301:was founded by
295:
279:
268:
253:
235:
221:
206:
146:
123:
121:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1679:
1678:
1666:Ottoman Empire
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1486:İsfendiyar Bey
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1357:Anatolian Beys
1353:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1167:
1139:Krämer, Gudrun
1130:
1116:
1103:
1082:
1076:. E.J. Brill.
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1043:
1031:
1029:, p. 198.
1019:
1017:, p. 195.
1007:
1005:, p. 194.
995:
983:
971:
969:, p. 100.
959:
944:
942:, p. 101.
929:
914:
902:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
830:
815:
798:
780:
779:
777:
774:
761:
758:
732:
729:
695: 1478–90
680:Constantinople
611:
608:
571: 1468–96
551:
548:
517:(governor) of
495: 1466–72
448: 1461–67
434: 1454–65
422:
419:
415: 1453–78
396: 1454–65
381: 1442–54
348: 1386–98
337: 1353–86
320:, in southern
310: 1337–53
294:
291:
257: 1453–78
229:Ottoman Sultan
225: 1466–72
210: 1454–65
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
154:
148:
147:
145:
144:
141:
137:
135:
129:
128:
118:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1731:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Umur of Aydın
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:Second period
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1056:, p. 89.
1055:
1050:
1048:
1041:, p. 86.
1040:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1004:
999:
992:
987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
957:, p. 79.
956:
951:
949:
941:
936:
934:
927:, p. 78.
926:
921:
919:
912:, p. 77.
911:
906:
900:, p. 76.
899:
894:
888:, p. 96.
887:
882:
875:
870:
863:
858:
852:, p. 65.
851:
846:
839:
834:
828:, p. 86.
827:
822:
820:
813:, p. 61.
812:
807:
805:
803:
795:
790:
788:
786:
781:
773:
771:
768:(viceroy) of
767:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
728:
726:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
607:
605:
600:
597:
592:
587:
584:
580:
576:
565:
561:
557:
547:
545:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
509:, located in
508:
504:
500:
489:
478:
474:
469:
463:
461:
460:Friday prayer
457:
453:
442:
439:
438:Mamluk Sultan
428:
418:
409:
405:
401:
390:
386:
385:Ottoman state
375:
364:
353:
342:
331:
327:
324:and northern
323:
319:
315:
304:
300:
290:
288:
277:
266:
262:
251:
247:
242:
233:
230:
219:
215:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
155:
153:
149:
142:
139:
138:
136:
134:
130:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1640:
1491:Gazi Chelebi
1476:Yaman Candar
1448:Togan Arslan
1398:Melik Zünnun
1364:First period
1307:
1284:
1274:
1270:Malik Arslan
1171:
1146:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1072:
1064:Bibliography
1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
962:
905:
893:
881:
869:
857:
845:
833:
763:
734:
669:
613:
610:Second reign
601:
588:
575:Ceyhan River
553:
464:
427:Malik Arslan
424:
389:Malik Arslan
296:
243:
214:Mamluk Egypt
203:Malik Arslan
182:
181:
63:Second reign
47:Malik Arslan
1694:1500 deaths
1674:Karakoyunlu
1621:Saruhan Bey
1501:Karaman Bey
1433:Belek Ghazi
1250:Shaban Suli
1054:Öztuna 2005
1039:Yinanç 1989
1027:Har-El 1995
1015:Har-El 1995
1003:Har-El 1995
991:Har-El 1995
979:Har-El 1995
967:Har-El 1995
955:Yinanç 1989
940:Har-El 1995
925:Yinanç 1989
910:Yinanç 1989
898:Yinanç 1989
886:Har-El 1995
874:Yinanç 1989
862:Yinanç 1989
850:Yinanç 1989
838:Yinanç 1989
826:Har-El 1995
811:Yinanç 1989
794:Venzke 2017
754:Upper Egypt
341:Shaban Suli
312:), a local
287:Upper Egypt
108:1487 – 1489
71:Predecessor
43:Predecessor
35:First reign
30:of Dulkadir
1688:Categories
1641:Shah Budak
1566:Mahmud Bey
1285:Shah Budak
1280:Shah Suwar
1275:Shah Budak
1181:9751601711
1135:"Dulkadir"
1117:9751704693
1083:9004101802
776:References
711:kapıcıbaşı
586:to Egypt.
525:through a
503:sanjak-bey
488:Shah Suwar
408:Uzun Hasan
404:Aq Qoyunlu
400:Karamanids
293:Background
276:Bayezid II
250:Uzun Hasan
246:Aq Qoyunlu
218:Shah Suwar
183:Shah Budak
95:Sanjak-bey
75:Shah Suwar
57:Shah Suwar
22:Shah Budak
1670:Akkoyunlu
1651:Alp Yürek
1496:Nure Sofi
1403:Saltuk II
1393:Yağıbasan
1383:Emir Gazi
1163:1873-9830
1126:949531568
1092:624096003
661:Euphrates
637:Karamanid
629:Pir Ahmed
523:Artukabad
477:Mehmed II
473:parricide
232:Mehmed II
191:Şah Budak
81:Successor
53:Successor
1676:excluded
1314:Category
1265:Suleiman
1229:Dulkadir
1227:Begs of
1190:21676736
1145:(eds.).
1097:19 March
750:Kırşehir
720:Damascus
707:Kırşehir
556:Damascus
499:Elbistan
452:fedayeen
374:Suleiman
322:Anatolia
199:Dulkadir
171:Religion
165:Suleiman
156:Dulkadir
1453:Tzachas
1428:Ilghazi
684:Chirmen
672:Bozkurt
657:Malatya
635:in the
604:Zamantu
564:Qaitbay
544:Zamantu
507:Chirmen
468:manshūr
314:Turkmen
265:Bozkurt
187:Turkish
122: (
92:Ottoman
1412:khatun
1255:Sadaqa
1188:
1178:
1161:
1124:
1114:
1090:
1080:
760:Family
738:Bagras
715:jereed
703:sanjak
663:. The
653:Gerger
617:Tabriz
596:Aintab
579:Marash
560:Göksun
540:Aleppo
527:firman
511:Thrace
497:), in
406:ruler
363:Mehmed
352:Barquq
339:) and
248:ruler
161:Father
105:Tenure
766:na'ib
697:) in
688:Yaqub
676:Sivas
649:Kahta
645:Tokat
633:Kasım
625:Ahlat
535:Tokat
531:Bozok
519:Bozok
456:Cairo
454:from
326:Syria
175:Islam
152:House
133:Issue
1672:and
1186:OCLC
1176:ISBN
1159:ISSN
1122:OCLC
1112:ISBN
1099:2023
1088:OCLC
1078:ISBN
770:Homs
746:Vize
699:Ruha
651:and
631:and
583:Kars
521:and
515:wali
391:'s (
297:The
124:1501
120:1500
117:Died
99:Vize
1295:Ali
1151:doi
705:of
505:of
417:).
197:of
195:Beg
97:of
28:Beg
1690::
1668:,
1664:,
1184:.
1157:.
1120:.
1086:.
1046:^
947:^
932:^
917:^
818:^
801:^
784:^
693:r.
569:r.
493:r.
482:r.
462:.
446:r.
432:r.
413:r.
394:r.
379:r.
368:r.
357:r.
346:r.
335:r.
308:r.
289:.
281:r.
270:r.
255:r.
237:r.
223:r.
208:r.
189::
1414:)
1410:(
1349:e
1342:t
1335:v
1220:e
1213:t
1206:v
1192:.
1165:.
1153::
1128:.
1101:.
796:.
690:(
566:(
490:(
479:(
443:(
429:(
410:(
376:(
365:(
354:(
343:(
332:(
305:(
278:(
267:(
252:(
234:(
220:(
205:(
185:(
126:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.