423:, and a linguistic minority within Estonia. In 2002, at the sixth Seto Congress the Setos declared their intent to identify as a separate people group. In a 2011 census, it was discovered that nearly two-thirds of the nearly 12,500 Seto speaking population in Estonia lived outside the historically Seto regions. This resulted in two distinct communities of Setos to emerge according to research conducted by Pille Runnel, the first being the Seto who had migrated away from Setomaa and had to recreate a communal and religious identity. The second group being the Seto people who continued to live in older communities in Setomaa.
361:
32:
464:
120:
108:
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due to the influence from the neighboring Slavic states, but incorporated elements of their earlier pre-Christian religion. An early prevailing belief of the origin of the Seto community was that they were ethnic
Estonians who had migrated east and adopted Orthodox Christianity under the influence of
415:
The cultural development of the Setos blossomed in the early 20th century when many national societies were organized. In 1905, the number of Setos reached its peak. After the proclamation of independence of
Estonia, the authorities adopted a policy of Estonification of its population, which
634:
has been an important religious and communal center for the Seto peoples. Since medieval times the monastery has owned much of the land and the Seto
Churches in the region leading many Seto peasants to view the monastery as the economic and theological center of their community.
416:
eventually led to decline of the Setos as a distinctive community within
Estonia. In Russia, due to the influence of Estonian language schools, high rates of inter-community marriages, and emigration to Estonia, the number of self-identifying Setos decreased as well.
662:, who would carry spirits to the afterlife in his horse wagon, has again become a center of communal activity. Recently, a sculpture by local sculptor R. Veeber was erected on the hill and has become an important location for offers to Peko by the local community.
646:
from 1921-1928. Following the occupation by the German and Soviet forces from 1940-1991, the restoration of
Estonian independence led the border to be moved, dividing the ancestral Seto lands and placing the monastery on side of the Russian Federation.
459:
was revised by Moscow authorities to what it is now. The issue became topical as the
Republic of Estonia was restored in the borders of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, and a national border was established soon afterwards.
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595:), a local festival that rotates among the bigger Seto villages. The office is largely ceremonial and has been held by local activists, politicians, entrepreneurs and scholars. The tradition was initiated by
301:
family. Since the early 2000s, the Setos have sought greater recognition, rather than having their language considered a dialect of
Estonian. Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with influences from local
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The Seto
Congress, a body comprising representatives of Seto villages and organizations, is regularly convened every three years and elects a permanent Council of Elders.
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With the revival of Seto culture following the fall of the Soviet Union, elements of the pre-Christian religion that were preserved in private during the periods of
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642:, the border was drawn to include the monastery on the Estonia side. This prevented it from being desecrated or demolished by the Soviet forces during the
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Coping with Loss of
Homeland through Orthodox Christian Processions: Contemporary Practices among Setos, Karelians, and Skolt Sámi in Estonia and Finland
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is usually performed by women, dressed in traditional clothing. During the Seto
Kingdom Day celebration, the winning lead singer of a
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Eichenbaum, K.; Pajusalu, K. (2001): Setode ja võrokeste keelehoiakutest ja identiteedist. - Keel ja Kirjandus nr 7, lk. 483-489.
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The definitive origin of the Seto people is unknown to researchers, only that they first emerged in Setomaa around the
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began to reemerge. Since 2007, Jumalamägi, God's Hill, an ancient sacred grove that was dedicated to the God-King
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Lappalainen, T.; Laitinen, V.; Salmela, E.; Andersen, P.; Huoponen, K.; Savontaus, M.‐L.; Lahermo, P. (2008).
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1031:(in Estonian). Keele ja Kirjanduse Instituut. pp. 198-200 (analysis of the Seto folktale corpus).
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2016:
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peoples and linguistic minority that have historically lived in the borderlands between modern day
40:
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608:, an ethnic Seto and a researcher of Seto folk songs and traditional vocal polyphony (
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During the 13th century, the majority of Estonians along the coasts were converted to
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Picture Stories on National Geographic - A Fairytale Kingdom Faces Real-Life Troubles
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region. After 1991 however, this territory was divided between the newly independent
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651:
388:
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193:
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1977:
1962:
712:
678:, as 42.9 percent of them belong to it. 33.9 percent of Setos have the haplogroup
543:
3925:
3874:
3849:
3769:
3725:
3673:
3599:
3207:
3154:
3126:
3119:
3098:
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2178:
1686:
1605:
1471:
1405:
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20:
2850:
1939:
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https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1670368&dswid=-6689
321:
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1952:
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in 1912. The bride and groom are dressed in traditional period wedding attire.
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http://practicalmattersjournal.org/2018/06/11/coping-with-loss-of-homeland-2/
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337:
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2218:
1967:
1957:
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2022. Uppsala University Campus Gotland, Master’s Thesis in Conservation.
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2922:
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2560:
2470:
2362:
2267:
2005:
1997:
1860:
384:
309:
3977:
Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
2145:
1987:
1982:
3774:
3707:
3681:
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3462:
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Identity and Heritage on a Changing Border: The Estonian Seto Case.
742:
1838:
969:
220:
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1901:
1090:
631:
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Setos are an officially protected ethnic minority in the Russian
317:
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224:
145:
602:
364:
Attendants of the 1912 Värska wedding in traditional Seto dress.
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2604:
2525:
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2418:
2375:
2193:
2117:
2031:
1972:
722:
498:
403:. Over the next two hundred years, the Setos were converted to
308:
The ancestral homes of many Setos can be found to the south of
274:
638:
In 1920 with the independence of the Republic of Estonia from
3516:
3476:
3404:
3066:
2979:
2965:
2897:
2768:
2344:
1845:
435:, the area Setomaa (Setoland) was ceded to the newly created
377:
348:
277:. Setos have historically spoken the Seto language and been
3900:
1917:
659:
395:. During this time, the majority of Setos lived under the
883:
372:. This was an area that was an intersection between the
532:. The Setomaa federation of municipalities in Estonia (
447:, the Republic of Estonia was forcibly annexed by the
1802:
589:
at the annual celebration of the Day of the Kingdom (
947:"God's Hill | Setomaa Attractions | Visit Setomaa"
848:
528:The Society for Seto Congress was a member of the
1045:- "In pictures: The Seto people, a border people"
743:"Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020"
451:. And on August 15, 1944, the border between the
3943:
772:Kalkun, A., Kupari, H., & Vuola, E. (2018).
328:counties) and the north-western sections of the
828:"Seto Leelo, Seto polyphonic singing tradition"
569:Also, every year, the Seto choose a steward of
520:
260:
2234:
1788:
1075:
1049:"Seto Culture in Setumaa" on visitestonia.com
609:
590:
580:
574:
533:
506:
246:
682:, and its most frequently found subclade is
2248:
855:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 178.
842:
517:group is awarded the title Mother of Song.
457:Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
2241:
2227:
1795:
1781:
1082:
1068:
972:"Migration Waves to the Baltic Sea Region"
512:
492:
473:
240:
118:
106:
1024:
530:European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages
305:is widely practiced by the Seto peoples.
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
852:Culture And Customs of the Baltic States
686:. Less common mtDNA haplogroups include
462:
359:
347:
39:This article includes a list of general
822:
820:
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399:and remained followers of their native
3944:
124:Seto woman during Radaja Seto Festival
2222:
1776:
1063:
670:Based on 56 samples, the most common
467:Setos in Radaja Seto Festival in 2016
19:For the town of ancient Cilicia, see
1089:
815:
797:
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793:
768:
766:
764:
762:
140:Regions with significant populations
25:
1025:Salve, Kristi; Sarv, Vaike (1987).
426:
13:
1018:
453:Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3993:
1036:
790:
759:
343:
988:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00429.x
30:
963:
2389:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
1056:by Jérémie Jung and Eve Conant
939:
925:
900:
876:
735:
491:style of folk singing, called
1:
728:
538:, comprising the communes of
471:
3982:Indigenous peoples of Europe
934:In Pictures: The Seto People
910:. 2006-12-11. Archived from
521:Representative organizations
503:intangible cultural heritage
7:
1276:Restoration of independence
1193:Declaration of Independence
701:
665:
621:
10:
3998:
1271:Declaration of sovereignty
1028:Setu lauludega muinasjutud
628:Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery
554:) publishes the newspaper
480:
18:
3883:
3808:
3294:
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3047:
2946:
2874:
2836:
2693:
2682:
2256:
2159:
2131:
2108:
2071:
1996:
1938:
1811:
1734:
1586:
1533:
1524:
1462:
1453:
1359:
1350:
1293:
1284:
1101:
439:and it was included into
205:
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187:
172:
167:
159:
151:
144:
139:
134:
129:
117:
105:
3962:Ethnic groups in Estonia
1364:Administrative divisions
976:Annals of Human Genetics
3967:Ethnic groups in Russia
2250:Ethnic groups in Russia
1043:Photo essay by BBC News
1014:. Võro Instituut. Võro.
849:Kevin O'Connor (2006).
644:anti-religious campaign
610:
591:
581:
575:
534:
513:
507:
493:
474:
247:
241:
112:Flag of the Seto People
60:more precise citations.
16:Ethnic group in Estonia
908:"Setomaa Valdade Liit"
468:
365:
357:
261:
256:
1220:Occupation of Estonia
592:Seto Kuningriigi päiv
466:
433:peace treaty of Tartu
405:Orthodox Christianity
363:
351:
201:Related ethnic groups
3809:Unrecognized peoples
3295:Other ethnic peoples
2582:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
585:) for the so-called
535:Setomaa Valdade Liit
487:In 2009, the Setos'
265:) are an indigenous
3884:Assimilated peoples
2477:Meadow-Eastern Mari
1261:Government-in-exile
1198:War of Independence
616:University of Tartu
497:, was added to the
437:Republic of Estonia
279:Orthodox Christians
102:
3931:Siberian Bukharans
3067:Aukhovite Chechens
3019:Siberian Bukharans
2345:Aukhovite Chechens
1502:Telecommunications
1266:Singing Revolution
1247:Estonian partisans
1168:Great Northern War
1012:Võro-Seto language
1010:Eller, K. (1999):
587:Kingdom of Setomaa
469:
431:In 1920, with the
366:
358:
352:A Seto wedding in
334:Pechorsky District
330:Russian Federation
91:
3939:
3938:
3568:
3566:Astrakhan Kazakhs
3290:
3289:
3026:Zabolotnie Tatars
2505:Northwestern Mari
2216:
2215:
2017:Northwestern Mari
1803:Peoples speaking
1770:
1769:
1730:
1729:
1558:Estonian language
1520:
1519:
1449:
1448:
1416:Political parties
1379:Foreign relations
1346:
1345:
1188:German occupation
1138:German Bishoprics
862:978-0-313-33125-1
778:Practical matters
443:. As a result of
410:Novgorod Republic
397:Novgorod Republic
293:) belongs to the
230:
229:
86:
85:
78:
3989:
3855:Crimean Italians
3824:
3754:
3710:
3676:
3643:Meskhetian Turks
3627:
3608:
3589:
3587:Sakhalin Koreans
3582:
3564:
3519:
3505:
3498:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3399:
3371:Crimean Karaites
3330:
3233:
3226:
3197:
3190:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
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3101:
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3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2974:
2892:
2802:
2778:
2771:
2691:
2690:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2645:Astrakhan Tatars
2640:
2621:
2607:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2563:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2521:
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2434:
2427:
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2311:
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1805:Uralic languages
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1750:
1743:
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1323:Populated places
1291:
1290:
1183:Age of Awakening
1128:Livonian Crusade
1084:
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672:mtDNA haplogroup
652:Christianization
613:
607:
604:
594:
584:
578:
558:, partly in the
537:
516:
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496:
477:
427:The border issue
389:Livonian Crusade
376:peoples and the
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194:Eastern Orthodox
130:Total population
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110:
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90:
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61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
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3850:Caucasus Greeks
3822:Afro-Abkhazians
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3674:Kola Norwegians
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2985:Siberian Tatars
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2767:
2685:
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2657:
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2589:Baikal Cossacks
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1702:Public holidays
1582:
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1406:Law enforcement
1342:
1328:Protected areas
1280:
1210:Interwar period
1203:Battle of Võnnu
1178:Russian Livonia
1173:Russian Estonia
1163:Swedish Estonia
1123:Ancient Estonia
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1088:
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1021:
1019:Further reading
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713:Võro language
711:
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708:Seto language
706:
705:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
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674:for Setos is
673:
663:
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656:Sovietization
653:
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640:Soviet Russia
636:
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560:Seto language
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297:group of the
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283:Seto language
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55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
3972:Pskov Oblast
3957:Baltic Finns
3653:Montenegrins
3396:
3341:Azerbaijanis
3177:Azerbaijanis
2855:
2632:Volga Tatars
2619:Tozhu Tuvans
2461:Komi-Permyak
2059:
2051:
2043:
2021:Eastern Mari
1924:
1916:
1906:
1889:
1866:Tornedalians
1851:Forest Finns
1833:
1820:
1813:Baltic Finns
1663:
1656:
1616:Coat of arms
1601:Architecture
1543:Demographics
1472:Central bank
1435:(parliament)
1431:
1389:Human rights
1369:Constitution
1254:Deportations
1232:World War II
1225:Estonian SSR
1153:Livonian War
1116:list of wars
1027:
1011:
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975:
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950:
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912:the original
902:
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887:
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806:
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746:
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669:
649:
637:
625:
582:ülebtsootska
568:
562:, partly in
555:
527:
524:
486:
449:Soviet Union
445:World War II
430:
421:Pskov Oblast
418:
414:
382:
367:
338:Pskov Oblast
307:
232:
231:
208:Baltic Finns
98:
94:
88:Ethnic group
72:
66:January 2022
63:
44:
3835:Armeno-Tats
3752:Ural Swedes
3638:Macedonians
3633:Lithuanians
3470:Mingrelians
3346:Belarusians
3328:Cherkesogai
2998:Chat Tatars
2494: [
2480: [
2203: [
2010:Meadow Mari
1998:Volga Finns
1953:Kildin Sámi
1477:e-Residency
1467:Agriculture
600: [
391:led by the
387:during the
385:Catholicism
370:Piusa River
310:Lake Peipus
211:Especially
58:introducing
3946:Categories
3795:Vietnamese
3780:Ukrainians
3708:Ruska Roma
3682:Pakistanis
3668:Norwegians
3625:Latgalians
3535:Hungarians
3496:Mennonites
3361:Bulgarians
3244:Tabasarans
2738:Kamchadals
2684:Indigenous
2453:Izhma Komi
2399:Kabardians
2133:Hungarians
2110:Ob-Ugrians
2086:Izhma Komi
1973:Skolt Sámi
1948:Inari Sámi
1717:Television
1697:Newspapers
1664:Kalevipoeg
1651:Literature
1568:Healthcare
1384:Government
956:2022-09-03
932:BBC News,
918:2021-08-18
893:2021-08-18
868:5 November
834:3 November
752:2023-01-03
729:References
723:Skolt Sámi
489:polyphonic
483:Seto leelo
163:234 (2020)
41:references
3926:Pumpokols
3741:Spaniards
3716:Romanians
3648:Moldovans
3595:Krymchaks
3530:Hamshenis
3449:Adjarians
3443:Georgians
3391:Estonians
3336:Assyrians
3322:Armenians
3312:Americans
3277:Besermyan
3195:Kubachins
3120:Chamalals
3099:Bagvalals
2961:Kumandins
2890:Hamnigans
2846:Izhorians
2838:Northwest
2808:Nganasans
2800:Khandeyar
2695:Far North
2666:Nağaybäks
2652:Kryashens
2548:Ossetians
2540:Khandeyar
2414:Karelians
2409:Karachays
2309:Telengits
2281:Natukhajs
2179:Nganasans
2151:Magyarabs
2098:Besermans
2053:Meshchera
2013:Hill Mari
1968:Pite Sámi
1958:Lule Sámi
1891:Livonians
1878:Karelians
1873:Izhorians
1829:Estonians
1822:Bjarmians
1682:Mythology
1646:Languages
1553:Estonians
1548:Education
1512:Transport
1487:Oil shale
1432:Riigikogu
1421:President
1374:Elections
1286:Geography
996:0003-4800
884:"Setomaa"
718:Karelians
614:) at the
597:Paul Hagu
571:King Peko
540:Mikitämäe
312:, in the
257:setukesed
242:setokõsõq
217:Livonians
213:Estonians
168:Languages
99:setukesed
95:setokõsõq
3921:Meschera
3875:Sireniki
3816:Africans
3765:Turkmens
3736:Slovenes
3692:Persians
3619:Latvians
3550:Japanese
3545:Italians
3351:Bosniaks
3259:Tsakhurs
3231:Karagash
3224:Ak Nogai
3155:Khwarshi
3127:Godoberi
3113:Botlikhs
3078:Akhvakhs
3049:Dagestan
3039:Tofalars
2956:Kamasins
2908:Negidals
2876:Far East
2861:Vepsians
2823:Yukaghir
2763:Alyutors
2733:Itelmens
2708:Chukchis
2575:Cossacks
2569:Russians
2513:Mordvins
2369:Besleney
2363:Cherkess
2339:Chechens
2329:Bashkirs
2316:Tubalars
2302:Chelkans
2296:Altaians
2288:Shapsugs
2274:Bzhedugs
2189:Kamasins
2161:Samoyeds
2146:Székelys
2073:Permians
2027:Mordvins
1988:Ume Sámi
1983:Ter Sámi
1908:Kreevins
1897:Vepsians
1757:Category
1641:Internet
1636:Folklore
1573:Religion
1497:Taxation
1411:Military
1352:Politics
1111:Timeline
1095:articles
830:. UNESCO
702:See also
666:Genetics
622:Religion
603:Wikidata
564:Estonian
501:list of
455:and the
287:Estonian
253:Estonian
188:Religion
178:Estonian
3891:Agrzhan
3870:Qaratay
3860:Korlaks
3800:Yazidis
3790:Uyghurs
3731:Slovaks
3687:Pamiris
3606:Kurmanj
3574:Koreans
3560:Kazakhs
3540:Indians
3490:Germans
3456:Ingiloy
3386:Dungans
3356:Britons
3307:Afghans
3213:Lezgins
3188:Kaitags
3182:Dargins
3148:Karatas
3141:Hunzibs
3134:Hinukhs
3106:Bezhtas
3057:Abazins
3034:Teleuts
2948:Siberia
2866:Votians
2813:Selkups
2758:Koryaks
2723:Dolgans
2718:Chuvans
2713:Chulyms
2686:peoples
2627:Udmurts
2519:Mokshas
2432:Abugach
2425:Koibals
2404:Kalmyks
2358:Chuvash
2353:Chukchi
2334:Buryats
2324:Balkars
2258:Titular
2184:Selkups
2141:Csángós
2093:Udmurts
2045:Meryans
2037:Mokshas
1741:Outline
1722:Theatre
1692:Symbols
1621:Cuisine
1588:Culture
1526:Society
1507:Tourism
1455:Economy
1313:Islands
1298:Climate
1103:History
1091:Estonia
632:Petseri
576:sootska
556:Setomaa
548:Meremäe
505:. Seto
318:Estonia
314:Setomaa
291:Finnish
271:Estonia
225:Votians
182:Russian
152:Estonia
146:Setomaa
54:improve
3911:Muroma
3845:Buzava
3785:Uzbeks
3760:Tajiks
3746:Swedes
3721:Rusyns
3614:Kyrgyz
3511:Greeks
3438:Gagauz
3433:French
3381:Czechs
3376:Cubans
3302:Abkhaz
3249:Talysh
3239:Rutuls
3218:Nogais
3203:Kumyks
3162:Tindis
3092:Archis
3062:Aghuls
2980:Soyots
2918:Orochs
2913:Nivkhs
2884:Evenks
2828:Yupiks
2794:Nenets
2789:Naukan
2776:Karaga
2753:Khanty
2743:Kereks
2703:Aleuts
2674:Yakuts
2637:Tatars
2613:Tuvans
2605:Pomors
2554:Digors
2534:Nenets
2526:Erzyas
2442:Khanty
2419:Khakas
2394:Ingush
2376:Ademey
2268:Adyghe
2200:Mators
2194:Yurats
2169:Nenets
2118:Khanty
2061:Muroma
2032:Erzyas
1762:Portal
1611:Cinema
1596:Anthem
1482:Energy
1333:Rivers
1093:
994:
859:
544:Värska
499:UNESCO
374:Finnic
354:Värska
295:Finnic
285:(like
281:. The
275:Russia
267:Finnic
239::
223:, and
206:Other
160:Russia
155:12,500
135:12,800
43:, but
3916:Merya
3906:Kotts
3896:Asans
3830:Ainus
3770:Turks
3726:Serbs
3697:Poles
3663:Mugat
3600:Kurds
3517:Urums
3477:Svans
3405:Finns
3397:Setos
3317:Arabs
3269:Other
3085:Andis
3072:Avars
2966:Shors
2938:Ulchs
2933:Udege
2923:Oroks
2903:Nanai
2898:Evens
2856:Setos
2818:Yughs
2784:Mansi
2769:Apuka
2728:Enets
2561:Irons
2498:]
2484:]
2466:Mansi
2207:]
2174:Enets
2123:Mansi
1918:Chuds
1902:Votes
1861:Kvens
1846:Finns
1839:Võros
1834:Setos
1748:Index
1712:Sport
1707:Radio
1677:Music
1672:Media
1631:Flags
1578:Women
1538:Crime
1338:Towns
1318:Lakes
1308:Fauna
611:leelo
606:]
552:Misso
514:leelo
508:leelo
494:leelo
475:leelo
472:Seto
378:Balts
322:Põlva
262:setud
248:setoq
233:Setos
221:Võros
92:Setos
3952:Seto
3901:Chud
3775:Udis
3702:Roma
3555:Jews
3254:Tats
3208:Laks
3169:Tsez
2851:Sámi
2748:Kets
2635:(as
2471:Mari
2447:Komi
2081:Komi
2006:Mari
1940:Sámi
1687:Name
1606:Beer
1394:LGBT
992:ISSN
870:2012
857:ISBN
836:2012
807:DiVA
694:and
660:Peko
654:and
626:The
550:and
408:the
326:Võro
324:and
289:and
273:and
237:Seto
174:Seto
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3463:Laz
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1657:ABD
1401:Law
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698:.
630:in
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