32:
367:
cause pressure across the lower abdomen and a tendency to seroma formation. The patient is best to stand or at least be semirecumbent). External pressure may help in immobilization, but also is thought to reduce the tendency of the fluid to leak out of vessels by increasing the backpressure on those fluid sources. Following breast augmentation or double mastectomy,
296:. The larger the surgical intervention, the more likely that seromas form. Early or improper removal of sutures can sometimes lead to formation of seroma or discharge of serous fluid from operative areas. Seromas can also sometimes be caused by injury, such as when the initial swelling from a blow or fall does not fully subside. The remaining
354:
Efforts are directed at reducing or eliminating the dead space. Quilting sutures reduce the risk of the skin–fat layer's separating from the deeper muscle layer, and having the separation fill up with fluid, by physically holding those layers together. Drains suck the two layers together so the body's natural "glue" (
366:
Prevention of movement between the layers allows the tentative initial bond of fibrin to be reinforced by wound healing with a thin, strong, layer of scar. Avoiding certain positions for certain surgeries may have an effect. (In abdominoplasty, sitting upright with the knees bent and hips flexed will
308:
Seroma is the most common surgical complication after breast surgery. It is due to the presence of rich lymphatic system in the breast, low fibrinogen levels in lymph fluid and potential space creation in the breast after surgery, which contributes to seroma formation. Seroma is more common in older
353:
Drains are traditionally used, but their use has been challenged by various authors who believe quilting sutures alone may be sufficient to reach results as good as or better than when using drains. Seromas accumulate in what is known as "dead space" where a potential place for the fluid exists.
383:
is a common procedure. However, it is controversial: it is recommended by some for the reason that a seroma can be a culture medium for bacteria, whereas others advise it only for collection of excessive amounts of fluid, because even an aspiration carried out under aseptic conditions carries a
868:
300:
causes a seroma that the body usually absorbs gradually over time (often taking many days or weeks), but a knot of calcified tissue sometimes remains. Large seromas take longer to resolve than small ones, and they are more likely to undergo
869:
Department of
Pathology University of Massachusetts Medical School (Emeritus) Guido Majno Professor; Department of Pathology University of Massachusetts Medical School (Emerita) Isabelle Joris Associate Professor (12 August 2004).
413:, the formation of a seroma at the lumpectomy site has been cited in medical literature as being beneficial, with claims that it can contribute to preserve the contour of the breast.
379:
Seromas may be difficult to manage at times. Quilting (inserting interrupted deep stitches in the wound) after mastectomy probably significantly reduces seroma formation.
416:
Seromas are a treatment target in partial breast-radiation therapy. In some cases, a seroma may need to be drained prior to a course of radiotherapy adjuvant to surgery.
142:
surgically. Seromas can be prevented through careful surgery, and drains can be inserted before they form. Patient posturing and position can reduce risk, as well as
978:
Wong, Elaine K.; Truong, Pauline T.; Kader, Hosam A.; Nichol, Alan M.; Salter, Lee; Petersen, Ross; Wai, Elaine S.; Weir, Lorna; Olivotto, Ivo A. (1 October 2006),
346:
contributes to seroma formation when it is done in conjunction with creating a "flap" and potential space is confluent with the treated area. Controversy exists in
138:
Seromas can be difficult to manage. Serous fluid may leak out naturally, and a persistent leak can cause problems. Fluid can be drained, including by inserting a
576:
Schein's Common Sense
Prevention and Management of Surgical Complications: For surgeons, residents, lawyers, and even those who never have any complications
668:
Neal, Colleen H.; Yilmaz, Zeynep N.; Noroozian, Mitra; Klein, Katherine A.; Sundaram, Baskaran; Kazerooni, Ella A.; Stojanovska, Jadranka (February 2014).
744:
384:
certain risk of infection. Depending on its volume and duration, control of a leak may take up to a few weeks to resolve with aspiration of
962:
935:
908:
881:
853:
652:
625:
584:
557:
527:
475:
728:
166:, meaning "watery" later the meaning changed to "of, secreting, or containing serum". It is directly derived from
806:
Mannu, Gurdeep Singh; Qurihi, Khalid; Carey, Frank; Ahmad, Mohammad Ady; Hussien, Maged (25 September 2015).
601:
503:
760:"Use of Quilting Sutures During Abdominoplasty to Prevent Seroma Formation: Are They Really Effective?"
402:), taking the patient back to the operating room may be necessary to place some form of closed-suction
350:
surgery as to whether electrosurgical dissection either contributes to serum formation or prevents it.
389:
1023:
979:
873:
Cells, Tissues, and
Disease : Principles of General Pathology: Principles of General Pathology
380:
342:
Gentle surgical technique with careful and meticulous control of bleeding helps avoid seromas.
277:
128:
71:
952:
925:
898:
871:
843:
714:
642:
574:
547:
718:
305:. A seroma may persist for several months, or even years as the surrounding tissue hardens.
8:
302:
281:
980:"Consistency in seroma contouring for partial breast radiotherapy: Impact of guidelines"
669:
759:
738:
511:
460:
Mydlarz, Wojciech K.; Eisele, David W. (2020). "119 - Complications of Neck
Surgery".
392:
conducted by a trained professional can also assist in managing and treating seromas.
1001:
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185:, with -o-, lengthened stem vowel + -ma suffix, especially taken in medical use as "
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A seroma is usually caused by surgery. Seromas are particularly common after
1005:
785:
701:
573:
Moshe Schein; Paul N Rogers; Ari Leppäniemi; Danny Rosin (1 October 2013).
461:
322:
297:
248:
A seroma can usually be felt as a hard mass under the skin. This may cause
213:
209:
205:
112:
108:
329:, generally in the lower part of this range, consistent with clear fluid.
827:
776:
685:
549:
Essentials of Breast
Surgery: A Volume in the Surgical Foundations Series
396:
343:
193:
841:
425:
410:
269:
155:
371:
may be recommended for several weeks to minimize the risk of seromas.
719:
Brian P. Jacob, David C. Chen, Bruce
Ramshaw, Shirin Towfigh (2015).
430:
233:
954:
Methods of Cancer
Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis: Breast Carcinoma
467:
249:
217:
808:"Quilting after mastectomy significantly reduces seroma formation"
670:"Imaging of Breast Cancer–Related Changes After Surgical Therapy"
318:
285:
225:
132:
116:
85:
59:
49:
216:
produced by injured and dying cells. Seromas are different from
399:
355:
190:
641:
Dick
Rainsbury; Dick Rainsbury & Virginia Straker (2008).
237:
186:
212:
that has seeped out of ruptured small blood vessels and the
31:
896:
253:
317:
A seroma may be diagnosed based on signs on the skin. On
229:
667:
634:
358:) and wound healing have a chance for a permanent bond.
957:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 562.
131:. They can be diagnosed by physical signs, and with a
977:
805:
16:
Pocket of fluid that sometimes develops after surgery
566:
463:
Cummings otolaryngology : head and neck surgery
395:If a serum or leak does not resolve (e.g., after a
930:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 393.
842:Michael Depalma; Michael J Depalma, MD MD (2011).
923:
1015:
900:Pain-Relieving Procedures: The Illustrated Guide
845:Ispine: Evidence-Based Interventional Spine Care
545:
541:
539:
252:(skin redness). They can also cause significant
115:). They may sometimes develop in the body after
177:It was joined with a word-forming element from
944:
897:P. Prithvi Raj; Serdar Erdine (31 May 2012).
536:
508:Surgical Pitfalls - Prevention and Management
459:
743:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
950:
917:
602:"40 - Complications of Parathyroid Surgery"
388:and the application of pressure dressings.
30:
995:
848:. Demos Medical Publishing. p. 245.
826:
775:
758:sforza, marcos; et al. (July 2015).
579:. tfm Publishing Limited. pp. 397–.
552:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 177.
876:. Oxford University Press. p. 435.
504:"52 - Umbilical and Epigastric Hernias"
1016:
903:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 397.
757:
606:Complications in Head and Neck Surgery
599:
236:. Serous fluid is also different from
647:. Class Publishing Ltd. p. 142.
501:
243:
497:
495:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
13:
546:Michael S. Sabel (23 April 2009).
466:(7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA:
14:
1035:
674:American Journal of Roentgenology
492:
442:
199:
815:South African Journal of Surgery
618:10.1016/B978-141604220-4.50044-4
520:10.1016/B978-141602951-9.50066-9
174:, meaning "watery fluid, whey".
971:
951:M. A. Hayat (5 November 2008).
890:
862:
835:
799:
751:
721:The SAGES Manual of Groin Pain
708:
661:
593:
361:
39:A seroma on a man's right ear.
1:
436:
332:
997:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.05.066
984:Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
374:
312:
280:. It can also be seen after
149:
7:
502:Itani, Kamal M. F. (2009).
419:
337:
158:, the word originated from
10:
1040:
924:A. Thomas Stavros (2004).
764:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
390:Manual lymphatic drainage
182:
91:
78:
55:
43:
38:
29:
24:
600:Orloff, Lisa A. (2009).
259:
470:. pp. 1831–1839.
381:Fine-needle aspiration
278:reconstructive surgery
208:. This is composed of
171:
163:
146:after breast surgery.
129:reconstructive surgery
72:reconstructive surgery
644:Breast Reconstruction
119:, particularly after
107:is a pocket of clear
828:10.7196/SAJSNEW.7864
686:10.2214/AJR.13.11517
612:. pp. 517–528.
514:. pp. 523–529.
154:Around 16th century
303:secondary infection
232:and result from an
777:10.1093/asj/sju103
309:and obese people.
244:Signs and symptoms
214:inflammatory fluid
204:A seroma contains
964:978-1-4020-8369-3
937:978-0-397-51624-7
927:Breast Ultrasound
910:978-1-118-30045-9
883:978-0-19-974892-1
855:978-1-935281-93-1
654:978-1-85959-197-0
627:978-1-4160-4220-4
586:978-1-903378-98-4
559:978-0-323-07464-3
529:978-1-4160-2951-9
477:978-0-323-61217-3
369:binding the chest
321:, seromas have a
274:abdominal surgery
125:abdominal surgery
101:
100:
80:Diagnostic method
68:abdominal surgery
19:Medical condition
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608:(2nd ed.).
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406:into the wound.
327:Hounsfield units
228:, which contain
220:, which contain
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84:Physical signs,
34:
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200:Classification
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144:breast binding
121:breast surgery
99:
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96:Surgical drain
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64:breast surgery
62:(particularly
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770:(5): 574–80.
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292:surgery, and
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791:December 26,
789:. Retrieved
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723:. Springer.
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298:serous fluid
282:neck surgery
263:
247:
210:blood plasma
206:serous fluid
203:
176:
153:
137:
113:blood plasma
109:serous fluid
104:
102:
409:In case of
397:soft tissue
362:Nonsurgical
344:Liposuction
290:parathyroid
486:1164712708
437:References
426:Lymphocele
411:lumpectomy
348:tummy tuck
333:Prevention
270:mastectomy
111:(filtered
821:(2): 50.
739:cite book
694:0361-803X
431:Sialocele
375:Treatment
313:Diagnosis
234:infection
226:abscesses
218:hematomas
150:Etymology
92:Treatment
45:Specialty
1018:Category
1006:16965989
786:25953479
715:Page 258
702:24450664
512:Saunders
468:Elsevier
420:See also
338:Surgical
325:of 0–20
319:CT scans
250:erythema
286:thyroid
268:(e.g.,
172:serosus
133:CT scan
117:surgery
86:CT scan
60:Surgery
50:Surgery
1004:
961:
934:
907:
880:
852:
784:
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700:
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583:
556:
526:
484:
474:
400:biopsy
356:fibrin
276:, and
224:, and
194:growth
191:morbid
189:" or "
164:séreux
160:French
127:, and
105:seroma
56:Causes
25:Seroma
811:(PDF)
610:Mosby
404:drain
386:serua
260:Cause
238:lymph
187:tumor
179:Greek
168:Latin
140:drain
1002:PMID
959:ISBN
932:ISBN
905:ISBN
878:ISBN
850:ISBN
793:2017
782:PMID
745:link
725:ISBN
717:in:
698:PMID
690:ISSN
649:ISBN
622:ISBN
581:ISBN
554:ISBN
524:ISBN
482:OCLC
472:ISBN
288:and
254:pain
992:doi
823:doi
772:doi
682:doi
678:202
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230:pus
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183:oma
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