405:
The population figure of SCs in relation to the total population figure had increased from 14.6% in the 1971 census to 16.2% in the 2001 census. Similarly, the population figure of STs had increased from 6.9% in the 1971 census to 8.2% in the 2001 census. The overall increase in the population of SCs
339:
Article 334 of the Indian
Constitution gave reservation to the Anglo-Indian community. It was originally set to expire 20 years after the commencement of the Constitution, but was extended multiple times through constitutional amendments: to 1970 through the 5th Amendment, to 1980 through the 23rd
212:
society. If the SC communities were given a separate electorate, then certain constituencies would have been reserved for them, and only the people belonging to SC communities would have been able to vote for candidates contesting those seats, thus alienating the rest of the Hindus. Eventually, a
95:, the constituencies are known as wards. Thus, there may be as many wards or constituencies as the number of elected seats in the elected body. Reserved constituencies are constituencies in which seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Tribes based on the size of their population.
102:, a separate electorate meant that not only were the seats reserved for a specific group, but voting for the reserved constituency was allowed for only members of that specific community. For example, only Muslims could vote for Muslim candidates in Muslim reserved constituencies.
340:
Amendment, to 1990 through the 45th
Amendment, to 2006 through the 62nd Amendment, to 2010 through the 79th Amendment, and to 2020 through the 95th Amendment. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the
417:
Allocation of seats for
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made based on the proportion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the state based on the state's population, as per Article 330 of the Constitution of India read with Section 3 of the
74:
included in the schedules published by the government to indicate these castes' and tribes' backward status. All voters, including Non-SC, Non-ST community voters, have the right to vote for these candidates belonging to SC or ST candidate, if contesting from their
160:
entitles every citizen to elect representatives. The constitution-makers, however, were worried that open electoral competition would preclude less populous minority groups from election to the national and the state legislative assemblies.
393:(ST). These reserved seats are elected by all voters in a constituency, without a separate electorate. A member of an SC/ST is not debarred from contesting a general (i.e. non-reserved) seat. This system was introduced by the
918:
886:
588:
member. Only
Buddhist monks and nuns belonging to the 111 registered Buddhist monasteries are eligible to vote and stand for this seat. Additionally, 12 seats in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly are reserved for the
397:
in 1950 and was supposed to be in place for the first 10 years, to ensure participation in politics by these groups which were deemed weak, marginalized, under-represented and needing special protection. Under the
976:
1033:
91:, like municipal polls, in addition to SC/ST, other Backward Class candidates also have reserved seats. The constituencies are allotted by lottery system. In the case of municipal and other
185:, 117 seats were reserved for Muslims. Accordingly, the general elections of 1937 were held based on the extended separate electorates, where only Muslims voted for the 117 seats, in
814:
729:"Explained:Anglo-Indian quota, its history, MPs Constitution Amendment passed by Parliament effectively does away with reservation for Anglo-Indian members in LokSabha, Assemblies"
862:"Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan"
771:"Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan"
928:
221:, in which the parties agreed that certain constituencies would be reserved for the SC communities, where the people belonging to SC communities could elect four candidates per
896:
341:
552:
521:
355:, though the number is disputed. The total number of Anglo-Indians is disputed with estimates up to 150,000. Some sources suggest a population between 75,000 and 100,000.
555:
it became 33%. Additionally, the
Lieutenant Governor may nominate two representatives of Kashmiri migrant families to the assembly, one of which is reserved for woman.
414:
from 79 to 84 and for
Scheduled Tribes from 41 to 47 out of 543 constituencies, as per the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order of 2008.
749:
544:
132:
In the case of separate electorates, the voting population of a country or region is divided into different electorates, based on certain factors such as
113:
An electorate is a group of voters encompassing all the officially qualified voters within a particular country or area or for a particular election. A
455:
Allocation of seats for Other
Backward Classes are made based on the proportion of Other Backward Classes relative to the total state population.
399:
950:
156:. For example, a separate electorate for Muslims means that Muslims will choose their separate leader by separate elections for Muslims. The
148:. Here, members of each electorate vote only for elected representatives for their electorate. Separate electorates are usually demanded by
670:
239:
834:
204:
as a way to ensure sufficient representation for the minority SC communities in the government. This provision was strongly opposed by
1010:
59:
861:
770:
548:
419:
63:
273:
84:
52:
1103:
79:. About 25% of Indian population belongs to SC/ST communities. About the same ratio of seats are reserved for them in the
1142:
17:
1034:"Sikkim's Sangha Assembly seat is a perfect example of the state's unique political process to protect minority rights"
574:
564:
509:
374:
333:
269:
728:
630:
501:
464:
71:
189:. The system of separate electorates encouraged sectarian competition, sowing the seeds of the Pakistan movement.
610:
30:
This article is about the reservation in political offices. For the reservation in education and employment, see
1080:
846:
1147:
486:
449:
378:
601:
Some seats, rather than being reserved for specific groups, are chosen by other branches of the government.
402:, this reservation is to last until 2030 and is subject to extension with another constitutional amendment.
698:
693:
688:
351:
who introduced the Bill in the Lok Sabha was that the Anglo-Indian population in India was just 296 in the
1137:
578:
345:
182:
835:
https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/12/13/kerala-anglo-indian-community-ernakulam-kollam-kannur
482:
494:
88:
66:. Scheduled Castes (usually abbreviated as SC), and Scheduled Tribes (usually abbreviated as ST) are
178:
87:, that number will depend on the percentage of population and percentage of SC/ST amongst them. In
815:"Who are the Anglo-Indians and why do they have a quota in Lok Sabha and some state legislatures?"
679:. These 12 members are people who have expertise in art, science, literature and social service.
474:
445:
407:
382:
193:
173:
demanded extra-proportional representation to seek parity with Hindus in sharing power with the
529:
394:
157:
67:
48:
44:
1002:
977:"Parliament passes J-K reservation and reorganisation amendment bills: Know all about them"
795:
441:
364:
352:
31:
1122:
1104:"Justice Gogoi is best placed to be a non-partisan conduit between legislature, judiciary"
661:. These members are experts in the fields of art, science, literature and social service.
8:
614:
490:
370:
348:
257:
177:; the British government provided for a separate electorate system to the Muslims in the
80:
248:
community was the only community in India that had its representatives nominated to the
923:
891:
796:"Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India - Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term"
174:
604:
585:
437:
431:
750:"Centre notifies constitutional amendment doing away with a quota for Anglo Indian"
626:
478:
390:
386:
261:
1054:
152:
who feel it would otherwise be difficult for them to get fair representation in
638:
551:
had 2 seats reserved for the nominated women members. But after the passing of
470:
305:
277:
272:. The President nominated two Anglo-Indian members to the Lok Sabha. Fourteen
214:
205:
201:
197:
92:
1131:
658:
590:
568:
321:
265:
285:
245:
222:
76:
27:
Aspect of apportionment of political offices and university posts in India
676:
650:
634:
537:
513:
329:
325:
309:
253:
99:
620:
317:
218:
153:
149:
145:
654:
646:
533:
525:
517:
505:
411:
313:
297:
293:
249:
582:
225:
who would then be candidates for election by the joint electorate.
133:
1003:"32-Sangha Assembly Constituency - One of its kind in the country"
605:
Union government's nominees to the
Puducherry Legislative Assembly
289:
170:
301:
186:
141:
545:
abrogation of
Article 370 and 35A of the Constitution of India
489:. There is a long-term plan to extend this reservation to the
919:"Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar calls for women's empowerment"
642:
281:
209:
137:
40:
726:
629:
can nominate up to 1/6 of the total number of members in a
558:
664:
47:
and university posts are held for specific groups of the
358:
196:
in 1930–32, the concept of separate electorates for the
1081:"Centre can nominate 3 MLAs to Puducherry Assembly: SC"
332:) also had a nominated member each in their respective
675:
The
President of India can nominate 12 members to the
621:
Governor's nominees to the State Legislative Councils
951:"Women's reservation Bill – imperfect but important"
995:
436:As per the enforcement of recommendations of the
1129:
1078:
208:because he believed the move would disintegrate
473:(meaning 'Village Council', which is a form of
410:to increase the seats for Scheduled castes in
1031:
887:"Rajya Sabha passes Women's Reservation Bill"
228:
181:. As a result, of the total 250 seats of the
671:List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha
400:104th amendment to the Constitution of India
240:Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha
524:, proposed to reserve 1/3 of all seats in
847:"Anglo-Indians yearn for the magical past"
444:(OBCs) also receive reserved seats in the
342:104th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2019
268:, the first and longtime president of the
169:In India's pre-independence era, in 1906,
58:There are reserved constituencies in both
717:pakistan studies by dr. M. Azam Chaudhary
425:
1123:Third Round Table conference, Poona Pact
559:Sangha and Bhutia-Lepcha seats in Sikkim
420:Representation of the People Act of 1951
665:President's nominees to the Rajya Sabha
596:
516:on 2010. But was never voted on in the
406:and STs in the 2001 census has led the
14:
1130:
637:of the state legislature in 6 states,
549:Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
98:In the earlier history of India under
1101:
520:. In 2023 September, a similar bill
385:-level institutions are reserved for
359:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
164:
123:region is part of a single electorate
53:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
1079:Tripathi, Ashish (6 December 2018).
127:votes for the candidates who contest
1047:
1013:from the original on 18 August 2019
859:
469:Women get one-third reservation in
24:
1102:Tanna, Kartikeya (19 March 2020).
879:
565:Sangha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
543:Between 1957 and 2019, before the
270:All India Anglo-Indian Association
25:
1159:
727:Abantika Ghosh, Pradeep Kaushal.
613:, 3 members are nominated by the
532:for women. It was passed in both
812:
502:Women's Reservation Bill of 2010
233:
1095:
1072:
1025:
969:
943:
911:
611:Puducherry Legislative Assembly
213:compromise was reached between
927:. 9 March 2013. Archived from
895:. 9 March 2010. Archived from
853:
839:
828:
806:
788:
763:
742:
720:
711:
553:Women's Reservation Bill, 2023
504:proposed 33% of all seats in
465:Women's Reservation Bill, 2023
260:. This right was secured from
13:
1:
704:
108:
1059:Election Commission of India
699:Proportionate representation
694:Reserved political positions
689:Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam
581:has one seat reserved for a
512:for women. It was passed in
510:State Legislative assemblies
334:State Legislative Assemblies
7:
682:
579:Sikkim Legislative Assembly
183:Bengal Legislative Assembly
179:Indian Councils Act of 1909
55:, and women in some cases.
10:
1164:
1143:Political history of India
668:
562:
462:
429:
362:
344:. The reason cited by the
237:
229:Groups with reserved seats
125:and the entire electorate
29:
631:State Legislative council
615:Union government of India
522:Women's Reservation Bill
458:
119:entire voting population
64:State Assembly elections
1055:"Sikkim - Delimitation"
860:NETWORK, LIVELAW NEWS.
577:in 1975. The 32-member
547:, the former 89-member
408:Delimitation Commission
194:Round Table Conferences
530:legislative assemblies
475:local rural government
442:Other Backward Classes
426:Other Backward Classes
395:Constitution of India
369:Several seats in the
158:Constitution of India
1148:Reservation in India
597:Other reserved seats
365:Reservation in India
353:2011 Census of India
217:and Gandhi with the
89:local body elections
32:Reservation in India
1032:Joydeep Sen Gupta.
981:www.indiatvnews.com
957:. 21 September 2023
849:. 17 December 2011.
528:, and in all state
371:Parliament of India
349:Ravi Shankar Prasad
258:Parliament of India
200:(SC) was raised by
45:political positions
18:Separate electorate
1138:Elections in India
983:. 11 December 2023
955:The Indian Express
924:The Times of India
892:The Times of India
346:Union Law Minister
175:British government
165:Under British rule
129:in the elections.
899:on 11 August 2011
609:In the 33-member
575:merged with India
495:State Legislature
483:District Councils
452:bodies election.
438:Mandal Commission
432:Mandal Commission
117:is one where the
16:(Redirected from
1155:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1007:ceosikkim.nic.in
999:
993:
992:
990:
988:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
857:
851:
850:
843:
837:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
810:
804:
803:
800:www.elections.in
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
767:
761:
760:
758:
756:
746:
740:
739:
737:
735:
724:
718:
715:
540:becoming a law.
487:Municipal bodies
479:Block Panchayats
391:Scheduled Tribes
387:Scheduled Castes
375:State Assemblies
262:Jawaharlal Nehru
121:of a country or
115:joint electorate
21:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1083:. Deccan Herald
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1001:
1000:
996:
986:
984:
975:
974:
970:
960:
958:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
917:
916:
912:
902:
900:
885:
884:
880:
870:
868:
858:
854:
845:
844:
840:
833:
829:
819:
817:
811:
807:
794:
793:
789:
779:
777:
769:
768:
764:
754:
752:
748:
747:
743:
733:
731:
725:
721:
716:
712:
707:
685:
673:
667:
623:
607:
599:
593:ethnic people.
571:
563:Main articles:
561:
471:Gram Panchayats
467:
461:
434:
428:
367:
361:
242:
236:
231:
167:
111:
105:
93:local elections
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1094:
1071:
1046:
1024:
994:
968:
942:
910:
878:
852:
838:
827:
813:Kaul, Sumeet.
805:
787:
775:www.livelaw.in
762:
741:
719:
709:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
696:
691:
684:
681:
669:Main article:
666:
663:
639:Andhra Pradesh
622:
619:
606:
603:
598:
595:
560:
557:
463:Main article:
460:
457:
430:Main article:
427:
424:
363:Main article:
360:
357:
306:Madhya Pradesh
278:Andhra Pradesh
238:Main article:
235:
232:
230:
227:
202:B. R. Ambedkar
192:Again, in the
166:
163:
110:
107:
43:, a number of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1160:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1098:
1082:
1075:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1035:
1028:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
982:
978:
972:
956:
952:
946:
931:on 5 May 2013
930:
926:
925:
920:
914:
898:
894:
893:
888:
882:
867:
863:
856:
848:
842:
836:
831:
816:
809:
801:
797:
791:
776:
772:
766:
751:
745:
730:
723:
714:
710:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
680:
678:
672:
662:
660:
659:Uttar Pradesh
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
618:
616:
612:
602:
594:
592:
591:Bhutia-Lepcha
587:
584:
580:
576:
570:
569:Bhutia-Lepcha
566:
556:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
466:
456:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
433:
423:
421:
415:
413:
409:
403:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
366:
356:
354:
350:
347:
343:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:Uttar Pradesh
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:Frank Anthony
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
241:
234:Anglo-Indians
226:
224:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
106:
103:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:Parliamentary
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
1107:. Retrieved
1097:
1085:. Retrieved
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1006:
997:
985:. Retrieved
980:
971:
959:. Retrieved
954:
945:
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
922:
913:
901:. Retrieved
897:the original
890:
881:
869:. Retrieved
865:
855:
841:
830:
818:. Retrieved
808:
799:
790:
778:. Retrieved
774:
765:
753:. Retrieved
744:
732:. Retrieved
722:
713:
674:
624:
608:
600:
572:
542:
499:
468:
454:
435:
416:
404:
368:
338:
286:Chhattisgarh
246:Anglo-Indian
243:
223:constituency
198:Untouchables
191:
168:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
112:
104:
100:British rule
97:
77:constituency
57:
51:, including
38:
36:
987:12 December
677:Rajya Sabha
651:Maharashtra
635:upper house
573:Sikkim was
538:Rajya Sabha
514:Rajya Sabha
330:West Bengal
326:Uttarakhand
310:Maharashtra
254:lower house
1132:Categories
1017:22 January
780:25 January
705:References
491:Parliament
318:Tamil Nadu
219:Poona Pact
154:government
150:minorities
146:occupation
109:Definition
83:. In each
81:Parliament
49:population
1064:3 January
655:Telangana
647:Karnataka
534:Lok Sabha
526:Lok Sabha
518:Lok Sabha
506:Lok Sabha
412:Lok Sabha
389:(SC) and
314:Telangana
298:Karnataka
294:Jharkhand
256:) in the
250:Lok Sabha
1087:1 August
1011:Archived
961:14 April
866:Live Law
683:See also
627:Governor
583:Buddhist
508:and all
215:Ambedkar
134:religion
871:17 June
290:Gujarat
171:Muslims
1109:3 June
1039:3 June
935:4 June
903:4 June
820:2 June
755:3 June
734:4 June
633:, the
586:Sangha
440:, the
302:Kerala
274:states
206:Gandhi
187:Bengal
144:, and
142:gender
72:tribes
68:castes
643:Bihar
459:Women
450:Urban
446:Rural
383:rural
379:urban
282:Bihar
210:Hindu
138:caste
85:state
41:India
1111:2020
1089:2020
1066:2021
1041:2020
1019:2021
989:2023
963:2024
937:2020
905:2020
873:2020
822:2020
782:2020
757:2020
736:2020
657:and
567:and
536:and
500:The
493:and
485:and
448:and
381:and
328:and
244:The
70:and
62:and
477:),
264:by
39:In
1134::
1057:.
1009:.
1005:.
979:.
953:.
921:.
889:.
864:.
798:.
773:.
653:,
649:,
645:,
641:,
625:A
617:.
497:.
481:,
422:.
377:,
373:,
336:.
324:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
300:,
296:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
140:,
136:,
1113:.
1091:.
1068:.
1043:.
1021:.
991:.
965:.
939:.
907:.
875:.
824:.
802:.
784:.
759:.
738:.
276:(
252:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.