2905:. This institution is the only source for higher education which is conducted entirely in Scottish Gaelic. They offer courses for Gaelic learners from beginners into fluency. They also offer regular bachelors and graduate programs delivered entirely in Gaelic. Concerns have been raised around the fluency achieved by learners within these language programs because they are disconnected from vernacular speech communities. In regard to language revitalization planning efforts, many feel that the initiatives must come from within Gaelic speaking communities, be led by Gaelic speakers, and be designed to serve and increase fluency within the vernacular communities as the first and most viable resistance to total language shift from Gaelic to English. Currently, language policies are focused on creating new language speakers through education, instead of focused on how to strengthen intergenerational transmission within existing Gaelic speaking communities.
2926:. This negative affect towards speaking openly with non-native Gaelic speakers has led to a language ideology at odds with revitalization efforts on behalf of new speakers, state policies (such as the Gaelic Language Act), and family members reclaiming their lost mother tongue. New learners of Gaelic often have a positive affective stance to their language learning, and connect this learning journey towards Gaelic language revitalization. The mismatch of these language ideologies, and differences in affective stance, has led to fewer speaking opportunities for adult language learners and therefore a challenge to revitalization efforts which occur outside the home. Positive engagements between language learners and native speakers of Gaelic through mentorship has proven to be productive in socializing new learners into fluency.
3238:
2041:, to consider the reform and civilisation of the Highlands, which they sought to achieve by teaching English and the Protestant religion. Initially, their teaching was entirely in English, but soon the impracticality of educating Gaelic-speaking children in this way gave rise to a modest concession: In 1723, teachers were allowed to translate English words in the Bible into Gaelic to aid comprehension, but there was no further permitted use. Other less prominent schools worked in the Highlands at the same time, also teaching in English. This process of anglicisation paused when evangelical preachers arrived in the Highlands, convinced that people should be able to read religious texts in their own language. The first well known translation of the
2054:
founded in 1811. Their purpose was to teach Gaels to read the Bible in their own language. In the first quarter of the 19th century, the SSPCK (despite their anti-Gaelic attitude in prior years) and the
British and Foreign Bible Society distributed 60,000 Gaelic Bibles and 80,000 New Testaments. It is estimated that this overall schooling and publishing effort gave some 300,000 people in the Highlands some basic literacy. Very few European languages have made the transition to a modern literary language without an early modern translation of the Bible; the lack of a well known translation may have contributed to the decline of Scottish Gaelic.
2767:
3214:
3043:
3925:
562:
2917:, accommodation ethics exist amongst native or local Gaelic speakers when engaging with new learners or non-locals. Accommodation ethics, or ethics of accommodation, is a social practice where local or native speakers of Gaelic shift to speaking English when in the presence of non-Gaelic speakers out of a sense of courtesy or politeness. This accommodation ethic persists even in situations where new learners attempt to speak Gaelic with native speakers. This creates a situation where new learners struggle to find opportunities to speak Gaelic with fluent speakers.
5373:
5294:
3226:
2954:
1732:
1361:
3544:
3136:
2058:
12649:
10279:
2707:
12925:
1260:
12949:
12937:
624:
43:
1938:
1929:
1688:
5234:
2118:. In 1863, an observer sympathetic to Gaelic stated that "knowledge of English is indispensable to any poor islander who wishes to learn a trade or to earn his bread beyond the limits of his native Isle". Generally, rather than Gaelic speakers, it was Celtic societies in the cities and professors of Celtic from universities who sought to preserve the language.
3338:. In the 2011 census, 300 people claimed to have Gaelic as their first language (a figure that may include Irish Gaelic). In the same 2011 census, 1,275 people claimed to speak Gaelic, a figure that not only included all Gaelic languages but also those people who are not first language speakers, of whom 300 claim to have Gaelic as their "mother tongue."
4492:(i.e. three contrasting "l" sounds, three contrasting "n" sounds and three contrasting "r" sounds). The historically voiced stops have lost their voicing, so the phonemic contrast today is between unaspirated and aspirated . In many dialects, these stops may however gain voicing through secondary articulation through a preceding nasal, for examples
2710:
8351:
6247:
3090:
not impact or address the lived experiences of the Gaelic speaker communities wherein the revitalization efforts may have a higher return of new Gaelic speakers. Efforts are being made to concentrate resources, language planning, and revitalization efforts towards vernacular communities in the
Western Isles.
2709:
2714:
2713:
2708:
3764:
in school. Even later, when these attitudes had changed, little provision was made for Gaelic medium education in
Scottish schools. As late as 1958, even in Highland schools, only 20% of primary students were taught Gaelic as a subject, and only 5% were taught other subjects through the Gaelic language.
2715:
3280:
This has been welcomed by many supporters of the language as a means of raising its profile as well as securing its future as a 'living language' (i.e. allowing people to use it to navigate from A to B in place of
English) and creating a sense of place. However, in some places, such as Caithness, the
4791:
The
Brittonic languages Cumbric and Pictish were spoken in Scotland during the Early to High Middle Ages, and Scottish Gaelic has many Brittonic influences. Scottish Gaelic contains a number of apparently P-Celtic loanwords, but it is not always possible to disentangle P and Q Celtic words. However,
3763:
The
Education (Scotland) Act 1872, which completely ignored Gaelic and led to generations of Gaels being forbidden to speak their native language in the classroom is now recognised as having dealt a major blow to the language. People still living in 2001 could recall being beaten for speaking Gaelic
3276:
Bilingual railway station signs are now more frequent than they used to be. Practically all the stations in the
Highland area use both English and Gaelic, and the use of bilingual station signs has become more frequent in the Lowlands of Scotland, including areas where Gaelic has not been spoken for
3198:
said; "this is a significant step forward for the recognition of Gaelic both at home and abroad and I look forward to addressing the council in Gaelic very soon. Seeing Gaelic spoken in such a forum raises the profile of the language as we drive forward our commitment to creating a new generation of
3089:
While the goal of the Gaelic
Language Act was to aid in revitalization efforts through government mandated official language status, the outcome of the act is distanced from the actual minority language communities. It helps to create visibility of the minority language in civil structures, but does
2892:
is one of the primary ways that the
Scottish Government is addressing Gaelic language shift. Along with the Bòrd na Gà idhlig policies, preschool and daycare environments are also being used to create more opportunities for intergenerational language transmission in the Outer Hebrides. However,
2125:
provided universal education in
Scotland, but completely ignored Gaelic in its plans. The mechanism for supporting Gaelic through the Education Codes issued by the Scottish Education Department were steadily used to overcome this omission, with many concessions in place by 1918. However, the members
4006:
The widespread use of English in worship has often been suggested as one of the historic reasons for the decline of Gaelic. The Church of Scotland is supportive today, but has a shortage of Gaelic-speaking ministers. The Free Church also recently announced plans to abolish Gaelic-language communion
3347:), which is dedicated to the development of Scottish Gaelic language, culture and tourism in Nova Scotia, and which estimates about 2,000 total Gaelic speakers to be in the province. As in Scotland, areas of North-Eastern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton have bilingual street signs. Nova Scotia also has
2025:
in 1609, was one piece of legislation that addressed, among other things, the Gaelic language. It required the heirs of clan chiefs to be educated in lowland, Protestant, English-speaking schools. James VI took several such measures to impose his rule on the Highland and Island region. In 1616, the
3030:
is now statutory (rather than advisory). In the committee stages in the Scottish Parliament, there was much debate over whether Gaelic should be given 'equal validity' with English. Due to executive concerns about resourcing implications if this wording was used, the Education Committee settled on
2693:
The 1755â2001 figures are census data quoted by MacAulay. The 2011 Gaelic speakers figures come from table KS206SC of the 2011 Census. The 2011 total population figure comes from table KS101SC. The numbers of Gaelic speakers relate to the numbers aged 3 and over, and the percentages are calculated
3245:
Bilingual road signs, street names, business and advertisement signage (in both Gaelic and English) are gradually being introduced throughout Gaelic-speaking regions in the Highlands and Islands, including Argyll. In many cases, this has simply meant re-adopting the traditional spelling of a name
2971:
in respect of Gaelic. Gaelic, along with Irish and Welsh, is designated under Part III of the Charter, which requires the UK Government to take a range of concrete measures in the fields of education, justice, public administration, broadcasting and culture. It has not received the same degree of
2178:
Dialects of Lowland Gaelic have been defunct since the 18th century. Gaelic in the Eastern and Southern Scottish Highlands, although alive until the mid-20th century, is now largely defunct. Although modern Scottish Gaelic is dominated by the dialects of the Outer Hebrides and Isle of Skye, there
2013:
A steady shift away from Scottish Gaelic continued into and through the modern era. Some of this was driven by policy decisions by government or other organisations, while some originated from social changes. In the last quarter of the 20th century, efforts began to encourage use of the language.
2876:
has grown, with 4,343 pupils (6.3 per 1000) being educated in a Gaelic-immersion environment in 2018, up from 3,583 pupils (5.3 per 1000) in 2014. Data collected in 2007â2008 indicated that even among pupils enrolled in Gaelic medium schools, 81% of primary students and 74% of secondary students
2053:
produced a translation of the New Testament. In 1798, four tracts in Gaelic were published by the Society for Propagating the Gospel at Home, with 5,000 copies of each printed. Other publications followed, with a full Gaelic Bible in 1801. The influential and effective Gaelic Schools Society was
3019:
After its creation, Bòrd na Gà idhlig required a Gaelic Language Plan from the Scottish Government. This plan was accepted in 2008, and some of its main commitments were: identity (signs, corporate identity); communications (reception, telephone, mailings, public meetings, complaint procedures);
2921:
is the way people feel about something, or the emotional response to a particular situation or experience. For Gaelic speakers, there is a conditioned and socialized negative affect through a long history of negative Scottish media portrayal and public disrespect, state mandated restrictions on
2697:
Across the whole of Scotland, the 2011 census showed that 25,000 people (0.49% of the population) used Gaelic at home. Of these, 63.3% said that they had a full range of language skills: speaking, understanding, reading and writing Gaelic. 40.2% of Scotland's Gaelic speakers said that they used
3896:
offers a range of Gaelic language, history and culture courses at the National Certificate, Higher National Diploma, Bachelor of Arts (ordinary), Bachelor of Arts (Honours) and Master of Science levels. It offers opportunities for postgraduate research through the medium of Gaelic. Residential
2211:
and in North East Ireland as late as the mid-20th century. Records of their speech show that Irish and Scottish Gaelic existed in a dialect chain with no clear language boundary. Some features of moribund dialects have been preserved in Nova Scotia, including the pronunciation of the broad or
2111:
Counterintuitively, access to schooling in Gaelic increased knowledge of English. In 1829, the Gaelic Schools Society reported that parents were unconcerned about their children learning Gaelic, but were anxious to have them taught English. The SSPCK also found Highlanders to have significant
2731:
showed a total of 57,375 Gaelic speakers in Scotland (1.1% of population over three years old), of whom only 32,400 could also read and write the language. Compared with the 2001 Census, there has been a diminution of about 1300 people. This is the smallest drop between censuses since the
5357:. The lenition of other letters was not generally indicated initially but eventually the two methods were used in parallel to represent the lenition of any consonant and competed with each other until the standard practice became to use the overdot in the Insular Script and the following
3113:
performs assessment of spoken Gaelic, resulting in the issue of a Bronze Card, Silver Card or Gold Card. Syllabus details are available on An Comunn's website. These are not widely recognised as qualifications, but are required for those taking part in certain competitions at the annual
4825:
Scottish Gaelic contains a number of words, principally toponymic elements, that are sometimes more closely aligned in their usage and sense with their Brittonic cognates than with their Irish. This is indicative of the operation of a Brittonic substrate influence. Such items include:
1884:
spoke no Gaelic, gave her children Anglo-Saxon rather than Gaelic names, and brought many English bishops, priests, and monastics to Scotland. When Malcolm and Margaret died in 1093, the Gaelic aristocracy rejected their anglicised sons and instead backed Malcolm's brother Domnall BĂĄn
3905:
on the Isle of Skye offer adults the chance to become fluent in Gaelic in one year. Many continue to complete degrees, or to follow up as distance learners. A number of other colleges offer a one-year certificate course, which is also available online (pending accreditation).
2712:
6277:
2944:
In the 2022 census, 3,551 people claimed Gaelic as their 'main language.' Of these, 1,761 (49.6%) were in Na h-Eileanan Siar, 682 (19.2%) were in Highland, 369 were in Glasgow City and 120 were in City of Edinburgh; no other council area had as many as 80 such respondents.
3311:
and Gaelic-speaking immigrant communities could be found throughout what is modern-day Canada. Gaelic poets in Canada produced a significant literary tradition. The number of Gaelic-speaking individuals and communities declined sharply, however, after the First World War.
1907:
names and practices spread throughout Scotland south of the ForthâClyde line and along the northeastern coastal plain as far north as Moray. Norman French completely displaced Gaelic at court. The establishment of royal burghs throughout the same area, particularly under
1445:, it was found that 2.5% of the Scottish population had some skills in Gaelic, or 130,161 persons. Of these, 69,701 people reported speaking the language, with a further 46,404 people reporting that they understood the language, but did not speak, read, or write in it.
8347:
6239:
3835:
In May 2004, the Nova Scotia government announced the funding of an initiative to support the language and its culture within the province. Several public schools in Northeastern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton offer Gaelic classes as part of the high-school curriculum.
1774:-speaking area with Ireland, connected rather than divided by the sea, since the Iron Age. These arguments have been opposed by some scholars defending the early dating of the traditional accounts and arguing for other interpretations of the archaeological evidence.
2162:
has said that there was no other period with such a high fall in the number of monolingual Gaelic speakers: "Gaelic speakers became increasingly the exception from that point forward with bilingualism replacing monolingualism as the norm for Gaelic speakers."
3767:
Gaelic-medium playgroups for young children began to appear in Scotland during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Parent enthusiasm may have been a factor in the "establishment of the first Gaelic medium primary school units in Glasgow and Inverness in 1985".
3193:
said the move was a strong sign of the UK government's support for Gaelic. He said; "Allowing Gaelic speakers to communicate with European institutions in their mother tongue is a progressive step forward and one which should be welcomed". Culture Minister
3034:
The Act was passed by the Scottish Parliament unanimously, with support from all sectors of the Scottish political spectrum, on 21 April 2005. Under the provisions of the Act, it will ultimately fall to BnG to secure the status of the Gaelic language as an
1824:, Gaelic reached its social, cultural, political, and geographic zenith. Colloquial speech in Scotland had been developing independently of that in Ireland since the eighth century. For the first time, the entire region of modern-day Scotland was called
1749:
Based on medieval traditional accounts and the apparent evidence from linguistic geography, Gaelic has been commonly believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4thâ5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of
4653:, i.e. non-past (future-habitual), conditional (future of the past), and past (preterite); several composed TAM forms, such as pluperfect, future perfect, present perfect, present continuous, past continuous, conditional perfect, etc. Two verbs,
3014:
Requiring public bodies in Scotland, both Scottish public bodies and cross-border public bodies insofar as they carry out devolved functions, to develop Gaelic language plans in relation to the services they offer, if requested to do so by
8381:
4710:
Four moods: independent (used in affirmative main clause verbs), relative (used in verbs in affirmative relative clauses), dependent (used in subordinate clauses, anti-affirmative relative clauses, and anti-affirmative main clauses), and
3397:
now offers both an introductory and an advanced course in Gaelic; both language and history are taught in these classes. This is the first recorded time that Gaelic has ever been taught as an official course on Prince Edward Island.
6269:
3288:
has acted in recent years to correct many of the mistakes that appear on maps. They announced in 2004 that they intended to correct them and set up a committee to determine the correct forms of Gaelic place names for their maps.
2774:
Gaelic continues to decline in its traditional heartland. Between 2001 and 2011, the absolute number of Gaelic speakers fell sharply in the Western Isles (â1,745), Argyll & Bute (â694), and Highland (â634). The drop in
3023:
Following a consultation period, in which the government received many submissions, the majority of which asked that the bill be strengthened, a revised bill was published; the main alteration was that the guidance of the
3001:(BnG), on a statutory basis with a view to securing the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language and to promote the use and understanding of Gaelic.
8896:
3882:(formerly known as the "University College of Cape Breton") offer Celtic Studies degrees and/or Gaelic language programs. The government's Office of Gaelic Affairs offers lunch-time lessons to public servants in Halifax.
1919:
in the Hebrides and western coastal mainland remained thoroughly Gaelic since the language's recovery there in the 12th century, providing a political foundation for cultural prestige down to the end of the 15th century.
8182:
By 1850 Gaelic was the third most commonly spoken European language in British North America. It was spoken by as many as 200,000 British North Americans of both Scottish and Irish origin as either a first or a second
3102:
offer two streams of Gaelic examination across all levels of the syllabus: Gaelic for learners (equivalent to the modern foreign languages syllabus) and Gaelic for native speakers (equivalent to the English syllabus).
3058:(2006) argue that the Gaelic Act falls so far short of the status accorded to Welsh that one would be foolish or naĂŻve to believe that any substantial change will occur in the fortunes of the language as a result of
5008:, and examples can be found dating to the eighteenth century. However, as Gaelic medium education grows in popularity, a newer generation of literate Gaels has become more familiar with modern Gaelic vocabulary.
3826:
will be enrolled in GME (Gaelic-medium education) unless parents request differently. Children will be taught Scottish Gaelic from P1 to P4 and then English will be introduced to give them a bilingual education.
2112:
prejudice against Gaelic. T. M. Devine attributes this to an association between English and the prosperity of employment: the Highland economy relied greatly on seasonal migrant workers travelling outside the
1795:(Constantine II, 900â943), outsiders began to refer to the region as the kingdom of Alba rather than as the kingdom of the Picts. However, though the Pictish language did not disappear suddenly, a process of
2711:
5082:
recommendations for Scottish Gaelic, the Gaelic Orthographic Conventions, were adopted by most publishers and agencies, although they remain controversial among some academics, most notably Ronald Black.
2779:, the largest parish in the Western Isles by population, was especially acute, from 57.5% of the population in 1991 to 43.4% in 2011. The only parish outside the Western Isles over 40% Gaelic-speaking is
6187:
2005:(before 1488) was written in Scots, not Gaelic. By the end of the 15th century, English/Scots speakers referred to Gaelic instead as 'Yrisch' or 'Erse', i.e. Irish and their own language as 'Scottis'.
8373:
4570:
They are also normally classed as either masculine or feminine. A small number of words that used to belong to the neuter class show some degree of gender confusion. For example, in some dialects
2030:
proclaimed that schools teaching in English should be established. Gaelic was seen, at this time, as one of the causes of the instability of the region. It was also associated with Catholicism.
1433:, 57,375 people (1.1% of the Scottish population aged over three years old) reported being able to speak Gaelic, 1,275 fewer than in 2001. The highest percentages of Gaelic speakers were in the
1949:
Note: Caithness Norn as shown in the orange was also spoken in the 1400s in the same region as the 1500s' picture, but its presence, exact timeline, and mixture with Scottish Gaelic is debated*
8869:
6615:
Broun, "Dunkeld", Broun, "National Identity", Forsyth, "Scotland to 1100", pp. 28â32, Woolf, "Constantine II"; cf. Bannerman, "Scottish Takeover", passim, representing the "traditional" view.
1362:
2872:
In 2018, the census of pupils in Scotland showed 520 students in publicly funded schools had Gaelic as the main language at home, an increase of 5% from 497 in 2014. During the same period,
1805:
and his successors. By a certain point, probably during the 11th century, all the inhabitants of Alba had become fully Gaelicised Scots, and Pictish identity was forgotten. Bilingualism in
11898:
6903:
3321:
8325:
8952:
6599:
4356:
really means "daughter of MacDonald" rather than "daughter of Donald"). The "of" part actually comes from the genitive form of the patronymic that follows the prefix; in the case of
2698:
Gaelic at home. To put this in context, the most common language spoken at home in Scotland after English and Scots is Polish, with about 1.1% of the population, or 54,000 people.
8892:
4954:. Some speakers use an English word even if there is a Gaelic equivalent, applying the rules of Gaelic grammar. With verbs, for instance, they will simply add the verbal suffix (
5505:
Rugadh na h-uile duine saor agus co-ionnan nan urram 's nan còirichean. Tha iad reusanta is cogaiseach, agus bu chòir dhaibh a ghiÚlain ris a chèile ann an spiorad brà thaireil.
1770:). Campbell has also questioned the age and reliability of the medieval historical sources speaking of a conquest. Instead, he has inferred that Argyll formed part of a common
2838:, with 19.3%). Out of a total of 871 civil parishes in Scotland, the proportion of Gaelic speakers exceeds 50% in seven parishes, 25% in 14 parishes, and 10% in 35 parishes.
2034:
9322:
4138:, simply on the basis of a certain similarity in spelling. Many of these traditional Gaelic-only names are now regarded as old-fashioned, and hence are rarely or never used.
3182:
in the EU but gave it the right to be a means of formal communications in the EU's institutions. The Scottish government had to pay for the translation from Gaelic to other
3357:. In 2018, the Nova Scotia government launched a new Gaelic vehicle licence plate to raise awareness of the language and help fund Gaelic language and culture initiatives.
5515:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
6452:
6101:
4720:
Word order is strictly verbâsubjectâobject, including questions, negative questions and negatives. Only a restricted set of preverb particles may occur before the verb.
8740:
7091:
12685:
8721:
8702:
8683:
8645:
8626:
7133:
1915:
Clan chiefs in the northern and western parts of Scotland continued to support Gaelic bards who remained a central feature of court life there. The semi-independent
3053:
8664:
8438:
10177:
8983:
17:
8583:
8223:
8011:
6179:
6127:
6022:
7682:"Reversing Language Shift: The Social Identity and Role of Scottish Gaelic Learners (Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics) by Alasdair MacCaluim"
1946:
Linguistic divide in the middle ages. Left: divide in 1400 after Loch, 1932; Right: divide in 1500 after Nicholson, 1974 (both reproduced from Withers, 1984)
8809:
6759:Ă Baoill, Colm. "The ScotsâGaelic interface", in Charles Jones, ed., The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997
3989:
majority. All these churches have Gaelic-speaking congregations throughout the Western Isles. Notable city congregations with regular services in Gaelic are
10018:
8043:
5314:
was used both in Ireland and Scotland but had largely disappeared in Scotland by the 16th century. It consisted of the same 18 letters still in modern use
2845:. Between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, the number of Gaelic speakers rose in nineteen of the country's 32 council areas. The largest absolute gains were in
1903:
and the Kingdom of Alba. However, during the reigns of Malcolm Canmore's sons, Edgar, Alexander I and David I (their successive reigns lasting 1097â1153),
9076:
8607:
6340:
5212:
Scots English orthographic rules have also been used at various times in Gaelic writing. Notable examples of Gaelic verse composed in this manner are the
10172:
7303:
2968:
1476:
1426:
and Scotland until well into the 17th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names.
7441:
4665:(a defective verb that has only two forms), used to show a notional permanent identity or quality, have non-composed present and non-past tense forms: (
3486:â an organisation funded by the Scottish Government, which works to promote the Gaelic language in broadcasting. The ITV franchise in central Scotland,
9824:
1912:, attracted large numbers of foreigners speaking Old English. This was the beginning of Gaelic's status as a predominantly rural language in Scotland.
8260:
8079:
7560:. Gòrdan Camshron, Pà druig Moireach, Brian à Curnåin, Iain Caimbeul, Brian MacDonald, Tamås PÊtervåry. Aberdeen, Scotland: Aberdeen University Press.
7504:"Ideology, affect, and socialization in language shift and revitalization: The experiences of adults learning Gaelic in the Western Isles of Scotland"
6980:
2126:
of Highland school boards tended to have anti-Gaelic attitudes and served as an obstacle to Gaelic education in the late 19th and early 20th century.
9014:
8861:
7816:
7723:
7701:
6929:
4021:
From the sixth century to the present day, Scottish Gaelic has been used as a literary language. Two prominent writers of the twentieth century are
3863:
A number of Scottish and some Irish universities offer full-time degrees including a Gaelic language element, usually graduating as Celtic Studies.
7381:
4732:
origin. However, Gaelic contains substantially more words of non-Goidelic extraction than Irish. The main sources of loanwords into Gaelic are the
3505:, which broadcast for an hour every evening. Upon BBC Alba's launch on Freeview, it took the channel number that was previously assigned to TeleG.
9595:
8289:
7030:
2170:(1949â1997) surveyed both the dialect of the Scottish Gaelic language, and also mixed use of English and Gaelic across the Highlands and Islands.
1495:. The Scottish Parliament is considering a Scottish Languages Bill which proposes to give Gaelic and Scots languages official status in Scotland.
12045:
7761:
6055:
1058:
9386:
7658:
5056:
has also influenced Lowland Scots and English in Scotland, but it is not always easy to distinguish its influence from that of Scottish Gaelic.
12994:
11603:
7829:
6895:
6426:
8317:
2179:
remain some speakers of the Inner Hebridean dialects of Tiree and Islay, and even a few native speakers from Western Highland areas including
12678:
8926:
7794:
6575:
5525:
1290:
9109:
8948:
7281:
7249:
6157:
8407:
7210:
6596:
3353:(The Gaelic Council of Nova Scotia), a non-profit society dedicated to the maintenance and promotion of the Gaelic language and culture in
4567:
Gaelic nouns inflect for four cases (nominative/accusative, vocative, genitive and dative) and three numbers (singular, dual and plural).
11265:
8524:
2830:, with 64.1%). In addition, no civil parish on mainland Scotland has a proportion of Gaelic speakers greater than 20% (the highest is in
2239:
1766:, who has argued that the putative migration or takeover is not reflected in archaeological or placename data (as pointed out earlier by
8562:
8543:
7891:
3783:
in 2006 (61 partially Gaelic-medium primary schools and approximately a dozen Gaelic-medium secondary schools also exist). According to
11893:
11356:
10315:
8487:
8165:
4759:(600 AD-1200 AD) stages of the language and are often terms related to Christianity. Latin is also the source of the days of the week
10859:
9943:
9356:
9291:
9136:
7979:
4444:
1989:) emerged as the official language of government and law. Scotland's emergent nationalism in the era following the conclusion of the
12989:
12671:
11741:
9326:
4270:(pronounced ) come from the Gaelic for, respectively, James, and Mary, but derive from the form of the names as they appear in the
3875:
1182:
8112:
11236:
9992:
7866:
6387:
3893:
2251:
1624:("Scottish"). Beginning in the late 15th century, it became increasingly common for such speakers to refer to Scottish Gaelic as
9040:
3411:(The Gaelic Society of Vancouver), the Vancouver Gaelic Choir, the Victoria Gaelic Choir, as well as the annual Gaelic festival
3334:
At the start of the 21st century, it was estimated that no more than 500 people in Nova Scotia still spoke Scottish Gaelic as a
3273:, where a majority of the population can have a working knowledge of the language. These omit the English translation entirely.
2142:, combined with emigration, resulted in the 1910s seeing unprecedented damage to the use of Scottish Gaelic, with a 46% fall in
1430:
12095:
11366:
11117:
9817:
3990:
2980:, however, Scottish matters have begun to receive greater attention, and it achieved a degree of official recognition when the
1745:
meaning home, farmstead, town or city. These data give some indication of the extent of medieval Gaelic settlement in Scotland.
882:
6447:
6093:
107:
11280:
11090:
10963:
9202:
8770:
8204:
7565:
7375:
6827:
6780:
6528:
6503:
5496:
3195:
3068:
709:
9235:
8737:
5376:
Plaque commemorating the founders of the Comunn Gaidhealach in Oban in 1891 using the Insular Script for decorative purposes
79:
12974:
12599:
11920:
11655:
11187:
9966:
8839:
8718:
8699:
8680:
8642:
8623:
8239:
7503:
7226:
7083:
3974:
1005:
914:
8234:, edited by Wilson MacLeod, James E. Fraser & Anja Gunderloch (Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, 2006), pp. 203â214,
7579:
4605:
There are 12 irregular verbs. Most other verbs follow a fully predictable paradigm, although polysyllabic verbs ending in
3237:
11831:
11635:
11531:
11207:
10953:
10224:
10078:
9506:
8661:
7052:
3970:
3929:
3789:, a total of 2,092 primary pupils were enrolled in Gaelic-medium primary education in 2008â09, as opposed to 24 in 1985.
3008:
2981:
2873:
1484:
1244:
699:
584:
9432:
6872:
Mackenzie, Donald W. (1990â92). "The Worthy Translator: How the Scottish Gaels got the Scriptures in their own Tongue".
4003:âa shorter Gaelic version of the English-language Book of Common Orderâwas published in 1996 by the Church of Scotland.
11491:
8460:
8430:
7949:
7918:
7127:
6741:
6689:
3166:
In October 2009, a new agreement allowed Scottish Gaelic to be formally used between Scottish Government ministers and
1441:, and the number of speakers of the language under age 20 did not decrease between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. In the
86:
9476:
8975:
12969:
11878:
11613:
11350:
11275:
11192:
10998:
10918:
10282:
9810:
9703:
9672:
9655:
9636:
9628:
9544:
9418:
9317:
9266:
9229:
9173:
8220:
8142:
7024:
6856:
6478:
5000:". This phenomenon was described over 170 years ago, by the minister who compiled the account covering the parish of
3099:
1573:
1532:
1336:
1283:
744:
664:
126:
8579:
6123:
10943:
10928:
10908:
10808:
10463:
7833:
5480:
3538:
3072:
2889:
689:
674:
654:
60:
11868:
9565:
8801:
5393:
2964:
Gaelic has long suffered from its lack of use in educational and administrative contexts and was long suppressed.
12694:
12017:
11937:
11295:
11085:
10968:
10088:
6217:
4507:
In some fixed phrases, these changes are shown permanently, as the link with the base words has been lost, as in
3433:
3187:
3179:
1993:
was organized using Scots as well. For example, the nation's great patriotic literature including John Barbour's
714:
574:
93:
8604:
2877:
report using English more often than Gaelic when speaking with their mothers at home. The effect on this of the
12864:
11705:
11376:
11112:
11102:
10308:
9069:
8788:
Lost in transition? Celtic language revitalization in Scotland and Wales: the primary to secondary school stage
7860:"UK Ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Working Paper 10 â R.Dunbar, 2003"
7610:
7338:
Lost in transition? Celtic language revitalization in Scotland and Wales: the primary to secondary school stage
5112:("slender to slender and broad to broad") requires that a word-medial consonant or consonant group followed by
4461:() which occur only in their short versions. Although some vowels are strongly nasal, instances of distinctive
2977:
64:
8505:
7557:
The Gaelic crisis in the vernacular community : a comprehensive sociolinguistic survey of Scottish Gaelic
7311:
12892:
12474:
11947:
11451:
11401:
11323:
10938:
10852:
10264:
10070:
7409:
6796:
Withers, Charles W. J. (1988). "The Geographical History of Gaelic in Scotland". In Colin H. Williams (ed.).
6606:. By Cormac McSparron and Brian Williams. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 141, 145â158
4007:
services, citing both a lack of ministers and a desire to have their congregations united at communion time.
3871:
3078:
However, given there are no longer any monolingual Gaelic speakers, following an appeal in the court case of
3004:
Requiring BnG to prepare a National Gaelic Language Plan every five years for approval by Scottish Ministers.
2200:
2167:
2122:
1990:
1666:
1651:
1384:
684:
475:
8001:
493:
75:
12984:
12070:
11695:
11598:
11545:
11496:
11456:
11253:
11231:
10898:
10351:
9999:
9849:
8253:
8068:
7155:
6971:
6362:
6310:
2235:
2203:) linking Scottish Gaelic with Irish are now extinct, though native speakers were still to be found on the
1276:
819:
644:
552:
534:
9006:
7852:
4450:
2747:), where the overall proportion of speakers is 52.2%. Important pockets of the language also exist in the
2238:
lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "
2217:
12979:
11905:
11841:
11700:
11645:
11107:
11097:
11070:
10913:
10660:
10486:
9982:
9894:
9736:
9709:
8230:", Paper read at the 3rd biannual Rannsachadh na GĂ idhlig, University of Edinburgh, 21â23 July 2004, in:
7681:
6925:
6124:"Gaelic History / Highland Council Gaelic Toolkit / The Highland Council / Welcome to Northern Potential"
5213:
5065:
4552:
1214:
659:
410:
8033:
7471:
7355:
12915:
12373:
12210:
12206:
11836:
11630:
11338:
11332:
11182:
11127:
11008:
9987:
9841:
9587:
9454:
8465:
7631:"Language revitalization discourses as metaculture: Gaelic in Scotland from the 18th to 20th centuries"
7006:
5091:
5079:
4590:
4016:
3994:
2819:
2155:
2151:
1881:
1790:
1655:
827:
754:
12545:
8286:
7630:
7180:
6063:
6036:
4576:"the sea" behaves as a masculine noun in the nominative case, but as a feminine noun in the genitive (
1460:, 2,170 Canadian residents claimed knowledge of Scottish Gaelic, a decline from 3,980 speakers in the
12870:
12515:
11915:
11910:
11592:
11260:
11075:
10301:
9378:
8197:
Seanchaidh na Coille / Memory-Keeper of the Forest: Anthology of Scottish Gaelic Literature of Canada
5303:
5025:
3844:
3379:
3293:("Place names in Scotland") is the national advisory partnership for Gaelic place names in Scotland.
2766:
2027:
10151:
7837:
6418:
3445:
3290:
3208:
12275:
11846:
11826:
11761:
11675:
11608:
11566:
11526:
11481:
11346:
11248:
11214:
11045:
10845:
10697:
10640:
10425:
10384:
10116:
9961:
9859:
5277:
which bears the inscription VICULA MAQ CUGINI 'Viqula, son of Comginus', with Goidelic MAQ (modern
5164:
5142:
4548:
3394:
3083:
1355:
1219:
1209:
1142:
546:
266:
176:
12580:
12540:
10028:
9101:
8918:
7786:
7271:
7239:
6545:
6149:
3108:
2732:
Gaelic-language question was first asked in 1881. The Scottish government's language minister and
1503:
Aside from "Scottish Gaelic", the language may also be referred to simply as "Gaelic", pronounced
12172:
12105:
12090:
11821:
11436:
11219:
11132:
11122:
11003:
10948:
9953:
4919:
4541:
4535:
3886:
3307:
In the nineteenth century, Canadian Gaelic was the third-most widely spoken European language in
3213:
2835:
2748:
2038:
1877:
1152:
1018:
749:
694:
256:
238:
130,000 people in Scotland reported having some Gaelic language ability in 2022; 1,300 fluent in
53:
12747:
9663:
8403:
7207:
6643:
Green, D. (1983). "'Gaelic: syntax, similarities with British syntax'". In Thomson, D.S. (ed.).
3916:
campus offers an independent 1-year course in Gaelic and Traditional Music (FE, SQF level 5/6).
3855:, the Colonel Gray High School offer an introductory and an advanced course in Scottish Gaelic.
1777:
Regardless of how it came to be spoken in the region, Gaelic in Scotland was mostly confined to
1013:
12496:
12368:
12202:
12115:
12055:
11710:
11501:
11285:
11197:
11155:
10983:
10813:
9928:
9413:. L. A. Ă hAnluain, Christian Brothers (EagrĂĄn nua ed.). Baile Ătha Cliath: An GĂşm. 1999.
6705:
Dunshea, Philip M. (1 October 2013). "Druim Alban, Dorsum Britanniaeâ 'the Spine of Britain'".
4585:
Nouns are marked for case in a number of ways, most commonly involving various combinations of
4309:
3948:
3879:
1886:
1813:
in Gaelic and syntactic influence which could be considered to constitute a Pictish substrate.
1085:
1023:
729:
354:
8521:
7117:
4689:
and all other expected verb forms, though the verb adjective ("past participle") is lacking; (
4048:
Gaelic has its own version of European-wide names which also have English forms, for example:
2893:
revitalization efforts are not unified within Scotland or Nova Scotia, Canada. One can attend
12897:
12887:
12854:
12525:
12245:
12183:
11883:
11798:
11770:
11746:
11586:
11511:
11446:
11226:
11177:
11030:
11018:
10790:
10339:
10035:
9854:
8559:
8540:
7895:
7769:
6422:
5441:
3774:
3553:
3308:
2854:
1490:
1028:
837:
777:
100:
12565:
12250:
11680:
10250:
6770:
3924:
3042:
3020:
publications (PR and media, websites); staffing (language learning, training, recruitment).
1609:
12797:
12769:
12629:
12550:
12361:
12356:
12110:
12085:
12050:
11927:
11873:
11860:
11461:
11305:
11300:
11164:
11146:
10958:
10903:
10391:
10240:
5484:
4038:
3852:
3390:
2861:(+208). The largest relative gains were in Aberdeenshire (+0.19%), East Ayrshire (+0.18%),
1461:
1457:
1442:
1122:
977:
897:
704:
649:
561:
12752:
10054:
9348:
9283:
9132:
8893:"Tens of thousands sign up in matter of hours as Duolingo releases Scottish Gaelic course"
7971:
3900:
2894:
2822:
in Scotland has a proportion of Gaelic speakers greater than 65% (the highest value is in
8:
12859:
12388:
12270:
12193:
12125:
12080:
12010:
11970:
11942:
11665:
11660:
11640:
11558:
11506:
11471:
11424:
11270:
11202:
11172:
11060:
11040:
10993:
10933:
10923:
10890:
10880:
10802:
10692:
10685:
10668:
10434:
10398:
10182:
5338:
4745:
4659:, used to attribute a notionally temporary state, action, or quality to the subject, and
4610:
3909:
3517:
3487:
3183:
3175:
3031:
the concept of 'equal respect'. It is not clear what the legal force of this wording is.
2985:
2923:
2918:
2159:
1909:
1821:
1472:
1196:
991:
922:
739:
679:
669:
634:
614:
12240:
5372:
3808:), is a body that seeks to promote links between speakers of Scottish Gaelic and Irish.
3149:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
12941:
12902:
12624:
12535:
12285:
11888:
11751:
11618:
11391:
11386:
11328:
11241:
11065:
10988:
10973:
10755:
10591:
10549:
10049:
9889:
9864:
9642:
Gillies, William. (1993). "Scottish Gaelic", in Ball, Martin J. and Fife, James (eds).
9448:
8169:
8104:
7697:
7531:
7433:
7410:"Neoliberalism and Minority-Language Planning in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland"
6567:
5293:
5217:
5021:
4733:
4646:
4628:
4621:
4556:
3960:
3793:
2957:
2001:
1697:
1682:
1345:
1132:
1090:
893:
734:
719:
271:
205:
7859:
6395:
3508:
There are also television programmes in the language on other BBC channels and on the
3225:
1868:. In south-eastern Scotland, there is no evidence that Gaelic was ever widely spoken.
1799:(which may have begun generations earlier) was clearly under way during the reigns of
1636:. Today, Scottish Gaelic is recognised as a separate language from Irish, so the word
526:
12595:
12235:
12198:
11979:
11932:
11727:
11690:
11685:
11670:
11650:
11476:
11381:
11371:
11080:
11055:
11050:
10407:
10375:
10361:
10108:
10042:
9699:
9668:
9651:
9632:
9624:
9540:
9424:
9414:
9262:
9225:
9198:
9190:
9169:
9036:
8766:
8235:
8200:
7650:
7606:
7571:
7561:
7535:
7523:
7437:
7425:
7371:
7123:
7020:
6852:
6823:
6776:
6737:
6685:
6628:
Jackson, Kenneth (1983). "'Loanwords, British and Pictish'". In Thomson, D.S. (ed.).
6571:
6524:
6499:
6474:
5476:
5403:
4642:
4606:
4545:
3840:
3375:
3360:
In September 2021, the first Gaelic-medium primary school outside of Scotland, named
3281:
Highland Council's intention to introduce bilingual signage has incited controversy.
3036:
2850:
2842:
2804:
1916:
1837:
1731:
1605:
1419:
1376:
1104:
1080:
1072:
1048:
1001:
605:
6845:
2763:
with 5,878 such persons, who make up over 10% of all of Scotland's Gaelic speakers.
580:
12827:
12720:
12706:
12575:
12520:
12315:
12075:
11783:
11778:
11715:
11581:
11441:
11342:
10673:
10648:
10616:
10597:
10558:
10534:
10476:
10452:
10324:
9933:
9918:
9913:
9750:
7693:
7642:
7515:
7421:
7417:
7363:
7012:
6714:
6557:
5465:
5369:. The use of Gaelic type and the overdot today is restricted to decorative usages.
5270:
4729:
4650:
4481:
3816:
3513:
3509:
3497:
Until BBC Alba was broadcast on Freeview, viewers were able to receive the channel
3402:
2196:
2062:
2018:
1880:) between 1058 and 1093 as the beginning of Gaelic's eclipse in Scotland. His wife
1806:
1723:
1547:
1541:
1506:
1438:
1416:
1380:
1309:
1204:
904:
800:
795:
376:
362:
261:
12663:
12140:
10761:
10232:
7939:
7908:
7646:
6332:
3269:
Some monolingual Gaelic road signs, particularly direction signs, are used on the
1890:
12953:
12929:
12838:
12802:
12735:
12610:
12570:
12378:
12294:
12214:
12166:
12161:
12065:
11984:
11808:
11406:
11290:
10716:
10570:
10471:
9938:
9869:
9772:
9219:
8744:
8725:
8706:
8687:
8668:
8649:
8630:
8611:
8566:
8547:
8528:
8509:
8293:
8227:
8038:
7276:
7244:
7214:
7113:
6603:
6456:
6180:"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion"
6023:"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion"
5469:
5254:
4741:
4635:
4489:
4462:
4420:
3986:
3956:
3424:'s Scottish Cultural Centre also holds seasonal Scottish Gaelic evening classes.
3354:
3302:
3285:
2953:
2752:
2204:
2046:
1707:
1670:
1468:, with historic communities in other parts of Canada having largely disappeared.
1449:
1408:
1264:
942:
767:
341:
336:
298:
248:
219:
12441:
10142:
8831:
5423:
3543:
3475:
1053:
539:
12781:
12764:
12725:
12652:
12530:
12412:
12321:
12260:
12225:
12178:
12130:
12120:
12040:
12003:
11793:
10828:
10784:
10737:
10708:
10564:
10501:
10414:
9591:
9499:
5996:
5536:
5311:
5250:
5195:
5135:
written vowel. For example, plurals in Gaelic are often formed with the suffix
5053:
5017:
4927:
4638:: traditionally called active and passive, but actually personal and impersonal
4410:
4400:
4384:
4114:(Thomas). Not all traditional Gaelic names have direct equivalents in English:
4026:
3823:
3335:
3270:
3167:
3117:
2973:
2914:
2866:
2788:
2728:
2066:
2022:
1982:
1963:
1787:
areas north of the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde . During the reign of
1601:
1597:
1434:
1396:
1137:
1127:
1033:
790:
416:
396:
346:
187:
31:
12460:
12445:
7575:
7519:
7367:
7060:
6820:
Clanship to Crofters' War: The social transformation of the Scottish Highlands
6562:
4432:
MacGilleBhĂ in, MacGilleRuaidh, MacGilleDhuibh, MacGilleDhuinn, MacGilleBhuidhe
12963:
12833:
12820:
12730:
12634:
12614:
12491:
12400:
12326:
12188:
11812:
11576:
11516:
11485:
11361:
10767:
10605:
9923:
9884:
8762:
7654:
7527:
7429:
5184:
is purely a graphic vowel inserted to conform with the spelling rule because
5132:
5075:
4961:
4523:
4458:
4271:
3944:
3937:
3490:, has, in the past, produced a number of Scottish Gaelic programmes for both
3459:
2858:
2846:
2827:
2780:
1972:
1904:
1889:). Donald had spent 17 years in Gaelic Ireland and his power base was in the
1865:
1809:
and Gaelic, prior to the former's extinction, led to the presence of Pictish
1796:
1767:
1763:
1480:
1400:
1043:
867:
847:
805:
12428:
9428:
7941:
7910:
5974:
Note: Items in brackets denote archaic, dialectal or regional variant forms
4332:(Gaelic for "daughter"), so Catherine MacPhee is properly called in Gaelic,
3458:. Launched on 19 September 2008, BBC Alba is widely available in the UK (on
2086:
2037:(SSPCK) was founded in 1709. They met in 1716, immediately after the failed
12618:
12560:
12308:
12255:
11571:
11521:
11466:
11035:
10584:
10514:
10245:
9879:
9468:
8862:"Scottish Gaelic course on Duolingo app has 20,000 signups ahead of launch"
8318:"Rebirth of a 'sleeping' language: How N.S. is reviving its Gaelic culture"
7555:
6658:
Taylor, S. (2010). "Pictish Placenames Revisited'". In Driscoll, S. (ed.).
5519:
5457:
5433:
5330:
5262:
5099:
4756:
3471:
3439:
2902:
2831:
2784:
1861:
1857:
1845:
1678:
1412:
1234:
1147:
984:
932:
842:
406:
328:
308:
12468:
12437:
12404:
12060:
11734:
9221:
Pictish Progress: New Studies on Northern Britain in the Early Middle Ages
8374:"Nova Scotia unveils Gaelic licence plate, as it seeks to expand language"
8134:
7016:
6718:
6094:"Scotland's Language Myths: 4. Gaelic has nothing to do with the Lowlands"
4423:â yellow) although in Gaelic these occur as part of a fuller form such as
3170:
officials. The deal was signed by Britain's representative to the EU, Sir
2057:
1753:
510:
12418:
12408:
12348:
12220:
9742:
9408:
5541:
5429:
5071:
4022:
3933:
3867:
3328:
3171:
2841:
Decline in traditional areas has recently been balanced by growth in the
2180:
2143:
2134:
2130:
1986:
1465:
1239:
877:
451:
239:
209:
10198:
3478:. The channel is being operated in partnership between BBC Scotland and
2741:
The main stronghold of the language continues to be the Outer Hebrides (
12757:
12100:
10978:
9728:
9557:
6597:'... and they won land among the Picts by friendly treaty or the sword'
5325:
In addition to the base letters, vowels in the Insular script could be
5266:
4751:
Many direct Latin loanwords in Scottish Gaelic were adopted during the
4485:
4470:
3978:
3952:
3324:
3320:
3190:
2184:
2045:
into Scottish Gaelic was made in 1767, when James Stuart of Killin and
1849:
961:
937:
724:
9696:
Revitalising Gaelic in Scotland: Policy, Planning and Public Discourse
8569:
from scotland.gov.uk. Published 27 November 2009, Scottish Government.
8232:
CĂ nan & Cultar / Language & Culture: Rannsachadh na GĂ idhlig 3
7972:"An Comunn GĂ idhealach â Royal National Mod : Royal National Mod"
6209:
5954:
12741:
12555:
12464:
12396:
12301:
12135:
11315:
10796:
10749:
10577:
10507:
9874:
9647:
9314:
Computer-Assisted Learning for Gaelic: Towards a Common Teaching Core
9218:
Hall, Mark A; Driscoll, Stephen T; Geddess, Jane (11 November 2010).
8254:"Gaelic Nova Scotia â An Economic, Cultural, and Social Impact Study"
5419:
5326:
5258:
5001:
4923:
4752:
4466:
4142:
3913:
3421:
3218:
2776:
2756:
2213:
2147:
1810:
1674:
1404:
862:
519:
503:
485:
467:
303:
12230:
10837:
9754:
8502:
8135:"Ainmean-Ăite na h-Alba â Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland â About Us"
7817:
Legislative Devolution and Language Regulation in the United Kingdom
6973:
Gaelic in Nova Scotia: An Economic, Cultural and Social Impact Study
6660:
Pictish Progress: New Studies on Northern Britain in the Middle Ages
5408:⟨a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u⟩
5316:⟨a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u⟩
5273:
but a number of Goidelic Ogham inscriptions also exist, such as the
5158:("shoes"). But because of the spelling rule, the suffix is spelled -
5032:, gob, as well as familiar elements of Scottish geography like ben (
4449:
Most varieties of Gaelic show either eight or nine vowel qualities (
3082:(1982), involving the status of Gaelic in judicial proceedings, the
2694:
using those and the number of the total population aged 3 and over.
42:
12948:
12936:
11625:
11396:
10868:
10743:
10293:
10135:
9739:
by Thomas Owen Clancy, Sir John Rhys Memorial Lecture, 4 March 2009
8006:
5511:
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English:
5415:
5399:
5342:
5269:
in Ireland. In Scotland, the majority of Ogham inscriptions are in
5029:
4586:
4454:
3812:
3491:
3453:
3341:
The Nova Scotia government maintains the Office of Gaelic Affairs (
2808:
2720:
2221:
2188:
1995:
1853:
1841:
1771:
1392:
1162:
927:
852:
623:
592:
233:
201:
12422:
12265:
9802:
5198:
vowels omitted in speech can be omitted in informal writing, e.g.
4306:
The most common class of Gaelic surnames are those beginning with
3086:
ruled against a general right to use Gaelic in court proceedings.
12814:
12808:
10680:
10653:
10495:
10368:
5475:
Certain 18th century sources used only an acute accent along the
5381:
5086:
The quality of consonants (broad or slender) is indicated by the
5028:. Loanwords include: whisky, slogan, brogue, jilt, clan, galore,
4477:
3848:
3780:
3481:
3463:
3383:
2760:
2208:
2050:
1937:
1928:
1817:
1423:
1224:
1117:
1038:
966:
956:
952:
857:
588:
30:
For the Germanic language that diverged from Middle English, see
10189:
10103:
9797:
6302:
3241:
Bilingual English/Gaelic sign at Queen Street Station in Glasgow
2908:
1687:
12451:
12433:
11722:
10721:
8550:
from scot.gov.uk. Published February 2009, Scottish Government.
8531:
from scot.gov.uk. Published February 2007, Scottish Government.
6896:"The decade when Scotland lost half its Gaelic speaking people"
5274:
4594:
3467:
2823:
2796:
2192:
1759:
1453:
1229:
1157:
947:
832:
446:
191:
4480:
and non-palatal counterparts, including a very rich system of
3067:
On 10 December 2008, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the
2897:, a national centre for Gaelic Language and Culture, based in
2035:
Society in Scotland for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge
1893:
of Scotland. He was the last Scottish monarch to be buried on
12605:
12456:
12156:
12026:
9792:
9644:
The Celtic Languages (Routledge Language Family Descriptions)
7463:
5448:
for ) or conditioned by certain consonant environments (e.g.
5247:
5233:
5087:
4931:
4737:
3982:
3500:
3230:
2898:
2862:
2812:
2792:
2738:
took this as evidence that Gaelic's long decline has slowed.
2042:
1784:
1604:-derived language which had come to be spoken in most of the
1388:
872:
422:
222:
9281:
8105:"Caithness councillors harden resolve against Gaelic signs"
5047:
3822:
Starting from summer 2020, children starting school in the
2800:
1894:
1556:
1395:. As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as both
1112:
9762:
6297:
6295:
4736:
languages English, Scots and Norse. Other sources include
4246:
Some Scottish names are Anglicized forms of Gaelic names:
1981:
By the mid-14th century what eventually came to be called
1618:("English") by its own speakers, with Gaelic being called
591:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
6734:
The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels, and Vikings
6045:, 2011 NHS, Catalogue No. 99â004âXWE (Ottawa: 2013â06â26)
6017:
6015:
3524:) produces some non-news programming in Scottish Gaelic.
2879:
significant increase in pupils in Gaelic-medium education
2759:(4.9%). The locality with the largest absolute number is
2085: 25â75% Gaelic, and English; line indicates the 50%
1562:
1553:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1464:. There exists a particular concentration of speakers in
1324:
1318:
1315:
11995:
8580:"Scottish Government: Pupils Census, Supplementary Data"
8245:
8063:
8061:
7940:
Scottish Qualifications Authority, Resource Management.
7909:
Scottish Qualifications Authority, Resource Management.
6388:"Definition of Gaelic in English by Oxford Dictionaries"
5520:
Common words and phrases with Irish and Manx equivalents
4728:
The majority of the vocabulary of Scottish Gaelic is of
4457:, which can be either long or short. There are also two
4128:(Etta) (formerly also as Henny or even as Harriet), or,
3771:
The first modern solely Gaelic-medium secondary school,
3075:
had the UDHR translated into Gaelic for the first time.
1876:
Many historians mark the reign of King Malcolm Canmore (
1612:. Prior to the 15th century, this language was known as
8949:"Gaelic core class increasingly popular in Nova Scotia"
8069:"Guide to the Gaelic Origins of Place Names in Britain"
6292:
4377:
Several colours give rise to common Scottish surnames:
1783:
until the eighth century, when it began expanding into
1762:. An alternative view has been voiced by archaeologist
9751:
Scottish Gaelic Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words
8951:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 January 2015.
8348:"National Household Survey Profile, Nova Scotia, 2011"
7356:"9. Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Gaelic Communities"
7084:"'Endangered' Gaelic on map of world's dead languages"
6889:
6887:
6012:
4522:
In medial and final position, the aspirated stops are
3928:
A sign indicating services in Gaelic and English at a
1897:, the traditional burial place of the Gaelic Kings of
12913:
10253:
10230:
10196:
10187:
10153:
10140:
10040:
10026:
9786:
9778:
9770:
9760:
9726:
9684:
9677:
9325:. SQA publication BB1532. August 2005. Archived from
9164:
9158:
9007:"Free Church plans to scrap Gaelic communion service"
8058:
7624:
7622:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7349:
7347:
5945:
5910:
5878:
5850:
5817:
5774:
5767:
5741:
5690:
5682:
5675:
5668:
5642:
5615:
5580:
5551:
5503:
5297:
5237:
The Giogha Stone bearing a Goidelic Ogham inscription
5218:
5205:
5199:
5175:
5169:
5153:
5147:
5136:
5107:
5045:
5039:
5033:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4955:
4949:
4939:
4811:
4799:
4793:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4654:
4577:
4571:
4514:
4508:
4499:
4493:
4430:
4424:
4414:
4404:
4394:
4388:
4378:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4307:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4200:
4188:
4176:
4170:
4158:
4146:
4129:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
3998:
3964:
3898:
3889:
offers Gaelic language, history and culture courses.
3803:
3797:
3784:
3779:("Glasgow Gaelic School"), was opened at Woodside in
3772:
3547:
3498:
3479:
3451:
3443:
3412:
3406:
3361:
3348:
3342:
3253:
3247:
3115:
3106:
3059:
3051:
3025:
2996:
2742:
2733:
2136:
2113:
1898:
1800:
1788:
1778:
1751:
1740:
1574:
1565:
1533:
1524:
1488:
1349:
1337:
1327:
163:
7892:"Official Status for Gaelic: Prospects and Problems"
7549:
7547:
7545:
7331:
7329:
5995:
The replies are for all Gaelic languages, including
5074:
is fairly regular; its standard was set by the 1767
2791:
with significant percentages of Gaelic speakers are
1691:
Linguistic division in early 12th century Scotland.
1559:
1518:
1321:
365:
357:
349:
331:
12693:
9737:"Gaelic in Medieval Scotland: Advent and Expansion"
9623:. Vancouver: Global Language Press (reprint 2006),
9316:. The orthographic conventions were revised by the
9217:
8633:
Spreadsheet published 11 December 2012 (Table 1.13)
6884:
5281:'son') rather than Brythonic MAB (cf. modern Welsh
4994:
telly" (I am watching the television), instead of "
4211:). These are conventionally rendered in English as
2969:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1642:in reference to Scottish Gaelic is no longer used.
1550:
1509:
1477:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1312:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8790:(Thesis). The University of Edinburgh. p. 48.
8614:Spreadsheet published 3 February 2012 (Table 1.13)
7619:
7486:
7414:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
7396:
7344:
7240:"Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed'"
6844:
6473:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 276.
6150:"Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed'"
5380:Letters with an overdot have been available since
5367:⟨bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th⟩
4926:coined for modern concepts are typically based on
4822:; "bush") are transparently Brittonic in origin.
3147:. The reason given is: The UK has now left the EU.
3011:and Gaelic as a subject for education authorities.
2884:
9195:An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language
8976:"Gaelic language slowly gaining ground in Canada"
8919:"Gaelic to be 'default' in Western Isles schools"
8461:"Gaelic language slowly gaining ground in Canada"
8431:"Gaelic language slowly gaining ground in Canada"
8221:Gaelic in Canada: New Evidence from an Old Census
7542:
7326:
7272:"Census shows Gaelic declining in its heartlands"
5483:(1741â51) and the earliest editions (1768â90) of
5422:. The letters of the alphabet were traditionally
5011:
4641:Three non-composed combined TAM forms expressing
3093:
2960:speaking publicly in the Scottish Gaelic language
1735:Place names in Scotland that contain the element
12961:
8832:"Thousands sign up for new online Gaelic course"
7362:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 172â217.
7008:Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
5131:This rule sometimes leads to the insertion of a
3186:. The deal was received positively in Scotland;
566:2011 distribution of Gaelic speakers in Scotland
12046:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
8974:International, Radio Canada (28 January 2015).
8572:
8498:
8496:
8429:International, Radio Canada (28 January 2015).
7781:
7779:
6951:Ă Baoill, Colm (2000). "The Gaelic Continuum".
6926:"The Gaelic Story at the University of Glasgow"
6874:Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness
6471:Brewer's dictionary of Irish phrase & fable
5094:) consonants are surrounded by slender vowels (
4206:
4194:
4182:
4164:
4152:
3858:
2972:official recognition from the UK Government as
9783:'s links to pages in and about Scottish Gaelic
9197:(Digitized facsimile ed.). BiblioBazaar.
8380:. Bell Media. The Canadian Press. 1 May 2018.
7360:The Edinburgh Companion to the Gaelic Language
6822:(2013 ed.). Manchester University Press.
6813:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6519:Chadwick, Nora Kershaw; Dyllon, Myles (1972).
6518:
12679:
12011:
10853:
10664:? (possibly independent or pre-Indo-European)
10309:
9818:
9185:
9183:
9181:
8973:
8428:
7628:
7501:
7407:
7353:
6865:
6755:
6753:
5526:Differences between Scottish Gaelic and Irish
5102:) consonants are surrounded by broad vowels (
2909:Challenges to preservation and revitalization
1284:
9349:"Celtic languages â Irish | Britannica"
9312:The Board of Celtic Studies Scotland (1998)
9256:
8802:"Gael-force wind of change in the classroom"
8785:
8493:
7776:
7553:
7335:
7106:
6871:
6768:
6725:
6537:
6512:
4609:can deviate from this paradigm as they show
3851:, offers Scottish Gaelic lessons weekly. In
3811:In November 2019, the language-learning app
1852:. It was spoken to a lesser degree in north
6963:
6804:
6789:
6666:
6496:The Edinburgh history of the Scots language
6270:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"
5952:
5924:
5917:
5891:
5885:
5857:
5830:
5824:
5793:
5785:
5748:
5710:
5702:
5696:
5649:
5622:
5587:
5559:
5394:Scottish Gaelic orthography § Alphabet
4817:
4805:
3474:). It also broadcasts across Europe on the
2701:
1831:
1825:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1582:
12686:
12672:
12018:
12004:
10860:
10846:
10316:
10302:
9825:
9811:
9733:â Scottish Gaelic language, music and news
9178:
8188:
7156:"Scotland's Census at a glance: Languages"
6836:
6772:Edinburgh Companion to the Gaelic Language
6762:
6750:
6081:. Cambridge University Press. p. 144.
5961:
5931:
5898:
5865:
5838:
5805:
5755:
5725:
5718:
5656:
5630:
5602:
5595:
5568:
3233:(Roghadal) on Harris in the Outer Hebrides
2995:Establishing the Gaelic development body,
1588:
1291:
1277:
560:
9716:, vol. 3 pp. 97â113, 223â39, 319â32.
6775:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 8.
6684:. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd.
6561:
6487:
5426:, but this custom has fallen out of use.
5363:⟨á¸, Ä, á¸, á¸, ÄĄ, áš, áš, ᚥ, ᚍ⟩
4934:, although often coming through English;
4445:Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography
3442:operates a Gaelic-language radio station
3386:, offers Scottish Gaelic lessons weekly.
1844:, adjoining areas to the north and west,
1487:established a language-development body,
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
9789:â The Digital Archive of Scottish Gaelic
8890:
8404:"Gaelic Medium Education in Nova Scotia"
8305:99-004-XWE (Ottawa: September 11, 2013).
8259:. Nova Scotia Museum. pp. 114â115.
8163:
7502:McEWAN-FUJITA, Emily (15 January 2010).
7227:Scotland's Census Results Online (SCROL)
7112:
6950:
6731:
6543:
6449:Transactions of the Philological Society
6091:
6076:
5371:
5292:
5232:
5016:Scottish Gaelic has also influenced the
3923:
3876:Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts
3542:
3319:
3236:
3224:
3212:
3046:Police Scotland vehicle logo (Bilingual)
3041:
2952:
2765:
2705:
2056:
1758:on Scotland's west coast in present-day
1730:
1686:
1630:("Irish") and the Lowland vernacular as
1448:Outside of Scotland, a dialect known as
9588:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
9290:. Archaeology Archive Moidart History.
9189:
9064:
9062:
9060:
9058:
9004:
8756:
8396:
8299:National Household Survey (NHS) Profile
8251:
7629:McEwan-Fujita, Emily (1 January 2011).
7600:
7408:Mcewan-Fujita, Emily (1 January 2005).
7004:
6969:
6893:
6795:
6704:
6679:
6627:
6623:
6621:
6468:
6043:National Household Survey (NHS) Profile
4867:land between a house and its enclosure
3995:Greyfriars Tolbooth & Highland Kirk
3894:University of the Highlands and Islands
3217:Bilingual GaelicâEnglish road sign, at
2719:A Scottish Gaelic speaker, recorded in
2252:List of Scottish Gaelic-speaking people
585:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
18:Scottish Gaelic language revitalisation
14:
12962:
12096:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
9747:â founded by Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
9410:GraimĂŠar Gaeilge na mBrĂĄithre CrĂostai
9323:"Gaelic Orthographic Conventions 2005"
9112:from the original on 10 September 2016
8406:. Bòrd na Gà idhlig. 8 September 2021.
8340:
8315:
8194:
8168:. Multicultural Canada. Archived from
7872:from the original on 26 September 2007
7679:
7340:(Thesis). The University of Edinburgh.
6842:
6817:
6657:
6307:Province of Nova Scotia Gaelic Affairs
6280:from the original on 26 September 2023
6276:. Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022.
6246:. Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017.
5592:(South) (North/West) (older North)
5320:⟨j, k, q, v, w, x, y, z⟩
5109:caol ri caol agus leathann ri leathann
4368:("of Donald") is the genitive form of
4350:, meaning "daughter of the son", thus
4344:is a contraction of the Gaelic phrase
4141:Some names have come into Gaelic from
3369:
3229:Monolingual Gaelic direction sign, at
2948:
12667:
11999:
10867:
10841:
10297:
9806:
9698:. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press,
9435:from the original on 17 November 2023
9250:
9037:"Alba air Taghadh â beò Ă Inbhir Nis"
8955:from the original on 15 November 2015
8899:from the original on 29 November 2019
8872:from the original on 29 November 2019
8842:from the original on 30 November 2019
8738:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2018
8719:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2017
8700:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2016
8681:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2015
8662:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2014
8643:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2013
8624:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2012
8605:Pupil Census, Supplementary data 2011
8586:from the original on 21 November 2011
8481:
8410:from the original on 8 September 2021
8366:
8157:
8046:from the original on 17 November 2023
7797:from the original on 15 November 2022
7762:"Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005"
7704:from the original on 19 December 2022
7605:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin.
7582:from the original on 17 November 2023
7474:from the original on 19 December 2022
7444:from the original on 19 December 2022
7384:from the original on 19 December 2022
7354:McEwan-Fujita, Emily (2 March 2022).
7217:, Table QS211SC. Viewed 23 June 2014.
7136:from the original on 17 November 2023
6932:from the original on 24 November 2021
6906:from the original on 20 December 2022
6642:
6578:from the original on 10 November 2012
6493:
6416:
5497:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5163:
5141:
4997:Tha mi a' coimhead air an telebhisean
3069:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3007:Requiring BnG to produce guidance on
2245:
1710:zone, use of either or both languages
1354:
175:
12347:
11188:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
10323:
9967:Dependent and independent verb forms
9798:Nova Scotia Office of Gaelic Affairs
9294:from the original on 11 October 2017
9257:Watson, W.J.; Taylor, Simon (2011).
9082:from the original on 16 January 2017
9055:
9043:from the original on 3 November 2018
9017:from the original on 11 January 2009
8929:from the original on 24 January 2020
8891:Dingwall, Blair (28 November 2019).
8812:from the original on 30 October 2008
8316:Patten, Melanie (29 February 2016).
8266:from the original on 11 October 2017
7754:
7094:from the original on 25 October 2017
7081:
7033:from the original on 26 January 2020
6894:Campsie, Alison (20 December 2022).
6847:The Making of the Crofting Community
6618:
5982:
3975:Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland
3516:franchise in the north of Scotland,
3512:, usually subtitled in English. The
3178:. This did not give Scottish Gaelic
3129:
1411:sometime in the 13th century in the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
27:Goidelic Celtic language of Scotland
12387:
10746:(Chubut Province, Argentina; Welsh)
10079:Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005
9832:
9767:â Dwelly's Gaelic dictionary online
9238:from the original on 5 October 2023
9211:
8384:from the original on 16 August 2021
7680:Dorian, Nancy C. (5 January 2011).
6429:from the original on 26 August 2020
6343:from the original on 4 January 2018
5938:(Scotland, Man) I saw, I was seeing
5472:replaced it with the grave accent.
5168:) after a slender consonant, as in
5006:New Statistical Account of Scotland
3943:In the Western Isles, the isles of
2991:The key provisions of the Act are:
2967:The UK government has ratified the
2874:Gaelic medium education in Scotland
2173:
1581:also refers to the Irish language (
1485:Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005
1245:Scottish inventions and discoveries
24:
9708:Robertson, Charles M. (1906â07). "
9691:. Lulu Enterprises, North Carolina
9613:
9598:from the original on 16 March 2021
9512:from the original on 10 April 2018
9479:from the original on 26 March 2023
9359:from the original on 26 March 2023
9282:Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair.
9259:The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland
9139:from the original on 25 April 2017
9130:
9075:. Bòrd na Gà idhlig. October 2009.
8145:from the original on 25 April 2017
7952:from the original on 25 April 2017
7921:from the original on 25 April 2017
7749:Gaelic: A Past and Future Prospect
7698:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2009.00407_2.x
7229:, Table UV12. Viewed 23 June 2014.
6313:from the original on 23 April 2020
6104:from the original on 20 April 2021
6056:"Background on the Irish Language"
4600:
4562:
25:
13006:
11614:Scottish Qualifications Authority
11351:Office of the Accountant of Court
11276:Member of the Scottish Parliament
9720:
9318:Scottish Qualifications Authority
9261:(reprint ed.). Birlinn LTD.
9070:"Gaelic Orthographic Conventions"
9005:MacLeod, Murdo (6 January 2008).
8986:from the original on 23 June 2017
8582:. Scotland.gov.uk. 14 June 2011.
8350:. Statistics Canada. 8 May 2013.
8328:from the original on 13 July 2018
8115:from the original on 20 June 2012
8085:from the original on 30 July 2021
8034:"EU green light for Scots Gaelic"
8014:from the original on 23 June 2024
8002:"EU green light for Scots Gaelic"
7982:from the original on 27 June 2017
7836:. 12 October 2008. Archived from
7751:. Edinburgh: The Saltire Society.
7661:from the original on 8 March 2013
7310:. 7 December 2011. Archived from
7304:"Pupil Census Supplementary Data"
6986:from the original on 4 March 2016
6220:from the original on 22 June 2024
6190:from the original on 22 June 2024
6130:from the original on 19 June 2021
5288:
4043:
3932:congregation in the community of
3450:as well as a television channel,
3258:rather than the anglicised forms
3125:
3100:Scottish Qualifications Authority
2260:speakers in Scotland (1755â2022)
1596:Scottish Gaelic is distinct from
1471:Scottish Gaelic is classed as an
12947:
12935:
12923:
12648:
12647:
10809:Scottish Gaelic-medium education
10278:
10277:
9580:
9568:from the original on 3 July 2022
9550:
9529:
9491:
9461:
9401:
9389:from the original on 27 May 2023
9371:
9341:
9306:
9275:
9151:
9124:
9094:
9029:
8998:
8967:
8941:
8911:
8884:
8854:
8824:
8794:
8779:
8750:
8731:
8712:
8441:from the original on 9 June 2020
8354:from the original on 13 May 2014
8199:. Cape Breton University Press.
7834:Scottish Human Rights Commission
7284:from the original on 5 July 2014
7252:from the original on 5 July 2014
6645:The Companion to Gaelic Scotland
6630:The Companion to Gaelic Scotland
6250:from the original on 15 May 2021
6160:from the original on 25 May 2017
6092:Kavanagh, Paul (12 March 2011).
5481:Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair
5318:. and generally did not contain
4120:, which is normally rendered as
3539:Scottish Gaelic medium education
3366:, opened in Mabou, Nova Scotia.
3134:
3073:Scottish Human Rights Commission
2770:Cumbernauld Gaelic Choir in 2021
2195:. Dialects on both sides of the
2075: 75â80% Gaelic, and English
1936:
1927:
1546:
1505:
1422:was shared by the Gaels of both
1308:
1258:
622:
41:
12990:Languages of the United Kingdom
12695:Languages of the United Kingdom
9537:Irish Dialects Past and Present
9383:Celtic Inscribed Stones Project
8693:
8674:
8655:
8636:
8617:
8598:
8553:
8534:
8515:
8453:
8422:
8309:
8278:
8213:
8127:
8097:
8026:
7994:
7964:
7933:
7902:
7884:
7822:
7809:
7787:"CHAPTER II â CORE COMMITMENTS"
7741:
7716:
7673:
7594:
7456:
7296:
7264:
7232:
7220:
7201:
7173:
7148:
7082:Ross, John (19 February 2009).
7075:
7045:
6998:
6944:
6918:
6698:
6680:Withers, Charles W. J. (1984).
6651:
6636:
6609:
6590:
6462:
6441:
6410:
6380:
6355:
6325:
6262:
6232:
5989:
5490:
5387:
5299:A' maidin neochiontas na h-Ăłige
5261:until it was supplanted by the
4465:are rare. There are about nine
4264:, and the recently established
3510:independent commercial channels
3434:Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland
3188:Secretary of State for Scotland
2885:Preservation and revitalization
2094: 5â25% Gaelic, and English
1816:In 1018, after the conquest of
1456:since the 18th century. In the
52:needs additional citations for
10758:(Nova Scotia; Scottish Gaelic)
9694:McLeod, Wilson (ed.). (2006).
8757:Pagoeta, Mikel Morris (2001).
7554:Ă GiollagĂĄin, ConchĂşr (2020).
7464:"Dachaigh â Sabhal Mòr Ostaig"
7422:10.1515/ijsl.2005.2005.171.155
7181:"2011: Gaelic report (part 1)"
7122:. Cambridge University Press.
6798:Language in Geographic Context
6498:. Edinburgh University Press.
6202:
6172:
6142:
6116:
6085:
6070:
6048:
6029:
5120:and similarly, if followed by
5106:). The spelling rule known as
5059:
5012:Loanwords into other languages
4553:verbâsubjectâobject word order
4453:) in their inventory of vowel
4429:'son of the servant of', i.e.
4326:(MacLean). The female form is
3315:
3199:Gaelic speakers in Scotland."
3094:Qualifications in the language
2982:Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act
2878:
2158:Censuses. Michelle MacLeod of
2100: 0â5% Gaelic, and English
1726:may have survived in this zone
13:
1:
12995:Verbâsubjectâobject languages
12714:Recognised regional languages
10829:extinct or ancestor languages
10071:Education (Scotland) Act 1872
9658:(paperback), pp. 145â227
9619:Gillies, H. Cameron. (1896).
7747:See Kenneth MacKinnon (1991)
7647:10.1016/j.langcom.2010.12.001
7005:Moseley, Christopher (2008).
6769:Moray Watson (30 June 2010).
6682:Gaelic in Scotland, 1698â1981
6523:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
6240:"Census Profile, 2016 Census"
5977:
5479:, such as in the writings of
5452:preceding a non-intervocalic
5438:⟨Ă , è, ĂŹ, ò, Ăš⟩
5335:⟨ĂĄ, ĂŠ, Ă, Ăł, Ăş⟩
5253:was used in Ireland to write
4913:
4715:
4010:
3872:St. Francis Xavier University
3532:
2274:Gaelic and English bilinguals
2168:Linguistic Survey of Scotland
2123:Education (Scotland) Act 1872
2008:
1991:Wars of Scottish Independence
1830:in Latin, and Gaelic was the
1667:History of the Irish language
1652:History of the Irish language
1385:Indo-European language family
232:70,000 L1 and L2 speakers in
10964:Colonisation of the Americas
9526:. Retrieved 13 October 2007.
7635:Language & Communication
7057:Endangered Languages Project
6006:
4786:
4438:
4314:(Gaelic for "son"), such as
3991:St Columba's Church, Glasgow
3859:Higher and further education
3527:
3408:Comunn GĂ idhlig Bhancoubhair
2881:since that time is unknown.
2277:Total Gaelic language group
2236:Endangered Languages Project
2133:and the 1919 sinking of the
710:Colonisation of the Americas
7:
12975:Endangered Celtic languages
9500:"Latin Extended Additional"
9284:"Smeòrach Chlann Raghnaill"
7686:Journal of Sociolinguistics
6979:. Province of Nova Scotia.
5414:is mostly used to indicate
5398:The modern Scottish Gaelic
5228:
5214:Book of the Dean of Lismore
5098:), while broad (neutral or
5090:surrounding them. Slender (
5066:Scottish Gaelic orthography
4526:rather than postaspirated.
4301:
3830:
3050:Some commentators, such as
2939:
2934:
2787:at 46%. The islands in the
2271:Monolingual Gaelic speakers
2146:speakers and a 19% fall in
1716: English-speaking zone
1437:. Nevertheless, there is a
10:
13011:
11636:Inventions and discoveries
11339:Supreme Courts of Scotland
9763:Faclair Dwelly air Loidhne
9621:Elements of Gaelic Grammar
9558:"UDHR in Celtic languages"
9102:"CatrĂŹona Anna Nic a' PhĂŹ"
9039:. BBC Radio nan GĂ idheal.
8466:Radio Canada International
7728:www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk
6736:. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd.
6707:Scottish Historical Review
5862:(North) (West) (South)
5523:
5391:
5355:⟨ch, ph, th⟩
5162:(but pronounced the same,
5080:Scottish Examination Board
5063:
4792:some common words such as
4723:
4533:
4529:
4476:Most consonants have both
4442:
4258:â (Donald), for instance.
4134:, which is "matched" with
4036:
4017:Scottish Gaelic literature
4014:
3839:Maxville Public School in
3536:
3494:and its own main channel.
3431:
3374:Maxville Public School in
3300:
3206:
3202:
2855:Aberdeen City council area
2249:
1871:
1664:
1660:
1656:History of Scottish Gaelic
1649:
1645:
29:
12880:
12847:
12790:
12713:
12701:
12643:
12588:
12507:
12340:
12284:
12149:
12033:
12025:
11964:
11911:Scottish Episcopal Church
11859:
11807:
11769:
11760:
11593:Curriculum for Excellence
11557:
11553:
11544:
11432:
11423:
11314:
11163:
11154:
11145:
11026:
11017:
10889:
10876:
10822:
10777:
10730:
10707:
10644:? (possibly hypothetical)
10632:
10548:
10526:
10485:
10462:
10444:
10433:
10424:
10349:
10331:
10273:
10217:
10165:
10128:
10096:
10087:
10063:
10017:
10008:
9975:
9952:
9906:
9840:
9667:. Munich: Lincom Europa,
9166:Roinn nan CĂ nan Ceilteach
8252:Kennedy, Michael (2002).
7520:10.1017/S0047404509990649
7368:10.1515/9780748637102-013
6970:Kennedy, Michael (2002).
6563:10.1017/S0003598X00060920
6363:"Scottish Languages Bill"
6077:MacAulay, Donald (1992).
5790:(North) (West) (South)
5026:Scottish Standard English
3919:
3363:Taigh Sgoile na Drochaide
3296:
3221:in the Scottish Highlands
3143:This section needs to be
2276:
2273:
2270:
2227:
2069:) and Gaelic in Scotland
1999:(1375) and Blind Harry's
1739:from the Scottish Gaelic
1587:) and the Manx language (
571:
559:
545:
533:
517:
501:
483:
465:
460:
437:
432:
393:
319:
291:
245:
228:
215:
197:
183:
171:
162:
148:
143:
12970:Scottish Gaelic language
12276:Gaelic Christian mission
11347:High Court of Justiciary
10117:West Highland Free Press
9744:Gaelic Resource Database
9710:Scottish Gaelic Dialects
9539:. Brown and Nolan 1932,
8786:O'Hanlon, Fiona (2012).
8747:Spreadsheet (Table 1.13)
8728:Spreadsheet (Table 1.13)
8709:Spreadsheet (Table 1.13)
8705:14 February 2017 at the
8690:Spreadsheet (Table 1.13)
8671:Spreadsheet (Table 1.13)
8667:27 February 2015 at the
8652:Spreadsheet (Table 1.13)
8648:27 February 2015 at the
8629:27 February 2015 at the
8610:27 February 2015 at the
8560:Pupils in Scotland, 2009
8541:Pupils in Scotland, 2008
8522:Pupils in Scotland, 2006
8226:21 November 2017 at the
8195:Newton, Michael (2015).
7724:"SuperWEB2(tm) - Log in"
7336:O'Hanlon, Fiona (2012).
6303:"Nova Scotia/Alba Nuadh"
5968:health; cheers! (toast)
5926:bhĂ mĂŠ/bhĂos ag feiscint
5802:(North/West) (South) )
5695:(North) (West) (South)
5456:is ). Traditionally the
5337:to indicate length. The
5241:
4938:, for instance, becomes
4855:palace (in place-names)
4032:
3775:Sgoil GhĂ idhlig Ghlaschu
3549:Sgoil GhĂ idhlig Ghlaschu
3427:
3395:Colonel Gray High School
2929:
2702:Distribution in Scotland
411:Scottish Gaelic alphabet
12546:Yn Ăheshaght Ghailckagh
12106:Jacobite rising of 1745
11921:Free Church of Scotland
11208:International relations
10652:? (possibly related to
10225:Gaelic-medium education
9661:Lamb, William. (2001).
8527:1 December 2008 at the
7603:The Highland Clearances
7308:The Scottish Government
7208:2011 Census of Scotland
6546:"Were the Scots Irish?"
6544:Campbell, Ewan (2001).
6494:Jones, Charles (1997).
6419:"1350â1450 Early Scots"
6337:The Scottish Government
5940:(Ireland) I was seeing
5627:(North/West) (South)
5462:⟨ĂĄ, ĂŠ, Ăł⟩
5126:⟨a, o, u⟩
5122:⟨a, o, u⟩
5104:⟨a, o, u⟩
4920:Indo-European languages
4557:two grammatical genders
4536:Scottish Gaelic grammar
4207:
4195:
4183:
4165:
4153:
3971:Free Church of Scotland
3930:Free Church of Scotland
3887:Moscow State University
3009:Gaelic medium education
2890:Gaelic Medium Education
2039:Jacobite rising of 1715
1848:, and parts of western
1840:, Gaelic was strong in
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1498:
1443:2022 census of Scotland
1431:2011 census of Scotland
1407:. It became a distinct
1019:Scottish highland dance
11502:Royal Bank of Scotland
11198:Great Seal of Scotland
10814:Welsh-medium education
10464:Southwestern Brittonic
10254:
10231:
10197:
10188:
10154:
10141:
10041:
10027:
9929:East Sutherland Gaelic
9779:
9771:
9761:
9727:
9685:
9678:
9453:: CS1 maint: others (
9165:
9159:
9108:(in Scottish Gaelic).
8508:17 August 2011 at the
8301:, 2011 NHS, Catalogue
8164:Bumstead, J.M (2006).
7894:. 1997. Archived from
7766:www.legislation.gov.uk
7601:Prebble, John (1969).
7470:(in Scottish Gaelic).
6843:Hunter, James (1976).
6818:Devine, T. M. (1994).
6732:Clarkson, Tim (2011).
6469:McMahon, Sean (2012).
5962:
5953:
5946:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5899:
5892:
5886:
5879:
5866:
5858:
5851:
5839:
5831:
5825:
5818:
5806:
5794:
5786:
5775:
5768:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5726:
5719:
5711:
5707:(South/West) (North)
5703:
5697:
5691:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5631:
5623:
5616:
5603:
5596:
5588:
5581:
5569:
5560:
5552:
5504:
5377:
5349:, while the following
5307:
5298:
5238:
5219:
5206:
5200:
5176:
5170:
5154:
5148:
5137:
5108:
5046:
5040:
5034:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4956:
4950:
4940:
4895:thicket, knoll, mound
4818:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4779:
4773:
4767:
4761:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4578:
4572:
4542:Indo-European language
4540:Scottish Gaelic is an
4515:
4509:
4500:
4494:
4431:
4425:
4415:
4405:
4395:
4389:
4379:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4308:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4201:
4189:
4177:
4171:
4159:
4147:
4130:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4050:
3999:
3965:
3940:
3899:
3880:Cape Breton University
3804:
3798:
3785:
3773:
3557:
3548:
3499:
3480:
3452:
3444:
3413:
3407:
3362:
3349:
3344:Iomairtean na GĂ idhlig
3343:
3331:
3291:Ainmean-Ăite na h-Alba
3254:
3248:
3242:
3234:
3222:
3209:Ainmean-Ăite na h-Alba
3116:
3107:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3026:
2997:
2961:
2771:
2743:
2734:
2724:
2137:
2114:
2108:
1899:
1891:thoroughly Gaelic west
1832:
1826:
1801:
1789:
1779:
1752:
1746:
1741:
1728:
1589:
1583:
1489:
1483:has ratified, and the
1350:
1024:Scottish country dance
573:This article contains
164:
12581:An CoimisinĂŠir Teanga
12541:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
12246:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
11799:British Sign Language
11266:Members of Parliament
11193:Deputy First Minister
11031:Anglo-Scottish border
10999:Industrial Revolution
10791:Skol Veythrin Karenza
10731:Celtic-speaking areas
10656:or pre-Indo-European)
10029:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
9755:Swadesh-list appendix
9224:. Brill. p. 93.
8292:23 April 2020 at the
8287:Nova Scotia (Code 12)
8109:The Press and Journal
7248:. 26 September 2013.
7017:10.4324/9780203645659
6719:10.3366/shr.2013.0178
6455:16 April 2023 at the
6423:Scots Language Centre
6156:. 26 September 2013.
6038:Nova Scotia (Code 12)
5524:Further information:
5499:in Scottish Gaelic:
5440:), indicated through
5392:Further information:
5375:
5341:was used to indicate
5304:Uilleam MacDhunlĂŠibhe
5296:
5236:
4918:In common with other
4707:past and conditional.
4631:: singular and plural
4000:Leabhar Sheirbheisean
3927:
3554:Glasgow Gaelic School
3546:
3350:Comhairle na GĂ idhlig
3323:
3309:British North America
3240:
3228:
3216:
3109:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
3045:
2976:. With the advent of
2956:
2769:
2718:
2240:definitely endangered
2150:speakers between the
2061:1891 distribution of
2060:
1985:(at that time termed
1956: Scottish Gaelic
1917:Lordship of the Isles
1734:
1690:
1665:Further information:
1029:Scottish sword dances
838:Burning of the Clavie
745:Industrial Revolution
12630:Kingdom of the Isles
12551:Seachtain na Gaeilge
12516:ĂdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta
12271:Insular Christianity
12086:Plantation of Ulster
12051:High King of Ireland
11742:World Heritage Sites
10939:Wars of Independence
9773:GĂ idhlig air an LĂŹon
9689:â A Gaelic Thesaurus
8868:. 28 November 2019.
8838:. 28 November 2019.
8743:4 April 2019 at the
8686:1 March 2016 at the
8488:BBC Reception advice
8219:Jonathan Dembling, "
8139:www.ainmean-aite.org
7830:"Latest News â SHRC"
7819:, Cardiff University
7815:Williams, Colin H.,
7280:. 15 November 2013.
7119:The Celtic Languages
6602:14 July 2020 at the
6079:The Celtic Languages
6066:on 24 December 2019.
6060:ĂdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta
5845:sleep (verbal noun)
5485:Duncan Ban MacIntyre
5361:in Roman type, i.e.
5347:⟨á¸, ᚥ⟩
5118:⟨i, e⟩
5114:⟨i, e⟩
5096:⟨e, i⟩
4519:"this time/period".
4504:"the door" as or .
4039:Scottish Gaelic name
3853:Prince Edward Island
3391:Prince Edward Island
2129:Loss of life due to
2106: Purely English
1606:Lowlands of Scotland
1544:. However, "Gaelic"
1183:World Heritage Sites
883:Units of measurement
685:Wars of Independence
61:improve this article
12985:Languages of Canada
12881:Languages by region
12126:Highland Clearances
12081:Flight of the Earls
11532:International trade
11086:Mountains and hills
10994:Highland Clearances
10969:Glorious Revolution
10934:Davidian Revolution
10881:Outline of Scotland
10803:Bunscoill Ghaelgagh
10778:Immersive education
9850:Proto-Indo-European
9793:An Comunn's website
9753:(from Wiktionary's
9469:"Irish Orthography"
9135:. Library Ireland.
8925:. 23 January 2020.
8808:. 29 October 2008.
8724:17 May 2018 at the
8565:7 June 2011 at the
8546:7 June 2011 at the
8284:Statistics Canada,
8172:on 26 December 2012
8111:. 24 October 2008.
7942:"Gaelic (learners)"
7508:Language in Society
7213:4 June 2014 at the
6647:. pp. 107â108.
6632:. pp. 151â152.
6417:Horsbroch, Dauvit.
6392:Oxford Dictionaries
6367:Scottish Parliament
6035:Statistics Canada,
5565:(West/North) muid
5265:in the 5th century
5160:⟨ean⟩
4335:CatrĂŹona Nic a' PhĂŹ
4215:(or, historically,
3910:Lews Castle College
3805:Iomairt Cholm Cille
3522:Grampian Television
3370:Outside Nova Scotia
3176:Scottish government
2986:Scottish Parliament
2984:was enacted by the
2949:Scottish Parliament
2924:highland clearances
2268:Scottish population
2261:
2160:Aberdeen University
1822:Kingdom of Scotland
1791:CaustantĂn mac Ăeda
1473:indigenous language
1452:has been spoken in
1415:period, although a
1403:, developed out of
1265:Scotland portal
740:Highland Clearances
715:Glorious Revolution
680:Davidian Revolution
615:Culture of Scotland
439:Recognised minority
12980:Fusional languages
12625:Kingdom of Munster
12566:Comunn na GĂ idhlig
12536:Conradh na Gaeilge
12173:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
11889:Church of Scotland
11681:Royal National Mòd
11619:Education Scotland
11392:Scots property law
11387:College of Justice
11296:Secretary of State
11118:Biosphere reserves
10989:Lowland Clearances
10974:1707 Acts of Union
10756:Cape Breton Island
10592:Early Modern Irish
10352:Continental Celtic
10050:The Gaelic College
10019:Gaelic development
9993:Bible translations
9890:Early Modern Irish
9473:www.nualeargais.ie
9353:www.britannica.com
9288:www.moidart.org.uk
9191:Macbain, Alexander
8042:. 7 October 2009.
8010:. 7 October 2009.
7976:www.ancomunn.co.uk
7063:on 11 October 2017
6662:. pp. 67â119.
5919:bhĂ mĂŠ ag feiceĂĄil
5905:you did not drink
5870:(South) (north)
5829:(South) (North) (
5464:to represent long
5454:⟨nn⟩
5446:⟨ao⟩
5432:are marked with a
5378:
5365:are equivalent to
5308:
5239:
5180:("peoples") where
4898:tom/tomen (Welsh)
4810:; "mountain") and
4624:: 1st, 2nd and 3rd
4196:ĂĂłrkell, ĂĂłrketill
3961:Church of Scotland
3959:majority (largely
3941:
3819:course in Gaelic.
3794:Columba Initiative
3558:
3476:Astra 2 satellites
3446:Radio nan GĂ idheal
3332:
3243:
3235:
3223:
3184:European languages
3048:
2988:on 21 April 2005.
2962:
2958:Anne Lorne Gillies
2922:Gaelic usage, and
2772:
2744:Na h-Eileanan Siar
2725:
2256:
2246:Number of speakers
2109:
1882:Margaret of Wessex
1747:
1729:
1683:Early Modern Irish
1356:[ËkaËlÉŞkʲ]
735:Lowland Clearances
720:1707 Acts of Union
206:Cape Breton Island
177:[ËkaËlÉŞkʲ]
12911:
12910:
12702:Official language
12661:
12660:
12596:Haplogroup R-M269
12487:
12486:
12483:
12482:
12236:Gaelic folk music
12199:Gaelic literature
11993:
11992:
11960:
11959:
11956:
11955:
11948:Ethnic minorities
11906:Roman Catholicism
11855:
11854:
11540:
11539:
11419:
11418:
11415:
11414:
11402:Prison population
11382:Sheriff principal
11377:Solicitor General
11372:Procurator fiscal
11281:Political parties
11141:
11140:
10919:Early Middle Ages
10835:
10834:
10628:
10627:
10544:
10543:
10487:Western Brittonic
10376:Cisalpine Gaulish
10291:
10290:
10213:
10212:
10209:
10208:
10148:
10121:
10113:
10109:Stornoway Gazette
10075:
10055:Sabhal Mòr Ostaig
9944:Dialect phonology
9899:
9780:Sabhal Mòr Ostaig
9714:The Celtic Review
9679:MacAoidh, Garbhan
9204:978-1-116-77321-7
9133:"Gaelic Surnames"
9131:Woulfe, Patrick.
8772:978-1-86450-224-4
8759:Europe Phrasebook
8512:, from BBC Online
8469:. 28 January 2015
8378:Atlantic CTV News
8206:978-1-77206-016-4
8078:. November 2005.
7567:978-1-85752-080-4
7468:www.smo.uhi.ac.uk
7377:978-0-7486-3710-2
7188:Scotland's Census
7160:Scotland's Census
7053:"Scottish Gaelic"
6829:978-0-7190-9076-9
6782:978-0-7486-3710-2
6530:978-0-7607-4284-6
6521:The Celtic Realms
6505:978-0-7486-0754-9
6398:on 18 August 2018
6214:Scotland's Census
6184:Scotland's Census
5983:Explanatory notes
5972:
5971:
5912:bha mi a' faicinn
5495:Article 1 of the
5450:⟨u⟩
5424:named after trees
5412:⟨h⟩
5359:⟨h⟩
5351:⟨h⟩
5207:Tha mi 'n dòchas.
5204:("I hope.") >
5201:Tha mi an dòchas.
5190:⟨r⟩
5186:⟨i⟩
5182:⟨e⟩
4911:
4910:
4777:("Saturday") and
4280:(James) (nom.) â
3966:Eaglais na h-Alba
3901:Sabhal Mòr Ostaig
3761:
3760:
3164:
3163:
3080:Taylor v Haughney
3037:official language
2895:Sabhal Mòr Ostaig
2851:North Lanarkshire
2843:Scottish Lowlands
2716:
2691:
2690:
2220:) as , as in the
1838:southern Scotland
1420:literary language
1377:Goidelic language
1367:), also known as
1301:
1300:
665:Early Middle Ages
599:
598:
581:rendering support
577:phonetic symbols.
137:
136:
129:
111:
76:"Scottish Gaelic"
16:(Redirected from
13002:
12952:
12951:
12940:
12939:
12928:
12927:
12926:
12919:
12893:Northern Ireland
12688:
12681:
12674:
12665:
12664:
12651:
12650:
12589:Related subjects
12576:Clans of Ireland
12526:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
12521:Foras na Gaeilge
12385:
12384:
12369:Medical families
12345:
12344:
12316:Classical Gaelic
12241:Sean-nĂłs singing
12184:Gaelic astrology
12167:Gaelic mythology
12076:Statutes of Iona
12020:
12013:
12006:
11997:
11996:
11973:
11894:General Assembly
11784:Scottish English
11779:Highland English
11767:
11766:
11656:Oldest buildings
11555:
11554:
11551:
11550:
11497:Renewable energy
11442:Bank of Scotland
11430:
11429:
11343:Court of Session
11324:Advocate General
11254:Military history
11232:Local government
11161:
11160:
11152:
11151:
11024:
11023:
10944:Late Middle Ages
10929:High Middle Ages
10862:
10855:
10848:
10839:
10838:
10617:Galwegian Gaelic
10598:Classical Gaelic
10559:Classical Gaelic
10453:Common Brittonic
10442:
10441:
10431:
10430:
10325:Celtic languages
10318:
10311:
10304:
10295:
10294:
10281:
10280:
10257:
10236:
10202:
10193:
10157:
10146:
10138:
10119:
10111:
10094:
10093:
10073:
10046:
10036:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
10032:
10015:
10014:
9934:Galwegian Gaelic
9919:Hebridean Gaelic
9914:Mid-Minch Gaelic
9897:
9827:
9820:
9813:
9804:
9803:
9782:
9776:
9766:
9732:
9688:
9681:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9603:
9584:
9578:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9554:
9548:
9535:O'Rahilly, T F,
9533:
9527:
9525:
9521:
9519:
9517:
9511:
9504:
9495:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9484:
9465:
9459:
9458:
9452:
9444:
9442:
9440:
9405:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9394:
9375:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9364:
9345:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9334:
9310:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9279:
9273:
9272:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9215:
9209:
9208:
9187:
9176:
9168:
9162:
9155:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9144:
9128:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9098:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9087:
9081:
9074:
9066:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9048:
9033:
9027:
9026:
9024:
9022:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8960:
8945:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8915:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8904:
8888:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8877:
8866:www.scotsman.com
8858:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8783:
8777:
8776:
8754:
8748:
8735:
8729:
8716:
8710:
8697:
8691:
8678:
8672:
8659:
8653:
8640:
8634:
8621:
8615:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8591:
8576:
8570:
8557:
8551:
8538:
8532:
8519:
8513:
8500:
8491:
8485:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8457:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8446:
8426:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8400:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8389:
8370:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8359:
8344:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8313:
8307:
8304:
8282:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8265:
8258:
8249:
8243:
8240:978-1903765-60-9
8217:
8211:
8210:
8192:
8186:
8185:
8179:
8177:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8152:
8150:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8120:
8101:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8084:
8076:North-harris.org
8073:
8065:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8030:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8019:
7998:
7992:
7991:
7989:
7987:
7968:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7957:
7937:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7926:
7906:
7900:
7899:
7898:on 1 March 2012.
7888:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7871:
7864:
7856:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7845:
7826:
7820:
7813:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7783:
7774:
7773:
7768:. Archived from
7758:
7752:
7745:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7720:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7626:
7617:
7616:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7551:
7540:
7539:
7499:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7416:(171): 155â171.
7405:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7351:
7342:
7341:
7333:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7300:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7236:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7205:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7185:
7177:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7114:MacAulay, Donald
7110:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7059:. Archived from
7049:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6985:
6978:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6948:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6891:
6882:
6881:
6869:
6863:
6862:
6850:
6840:
6834:
6833:
6815:
6802:
6801:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6766:
6760:
6757:
6748:
6747:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6702:
6696:
6695:
6677:
6664:
6663:
6655:
6649:
6648:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6625:
6616:
6613:
6607:
6594:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6565:
6556:(288): 285â292.
6541:
6535:
6534:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6466:
6460:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6414:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6394:. Archived from
6384:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6299:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6126:. HighlandLife.
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6062:. Archived from
6052:
6046:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6019:
6000:
5993:
5965:
5958:
5949:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5902:
5895:
5889:
5882:
5880:cha do dh'òl thu
5869:
5861:
5854:
5842:
5834:
5828:
5821:
5809:
5797:
5789:
5778:
5771:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5729:
5722:
5714:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5634:
5626:
5619:
5606:
5599:
5591:
5584:
5572:
5563:
5555:
5533:Scottish Gaelic
5530:
5529:
5507:
5470:spelling reforms
5466:close-mid vowels
5463:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5439:
5413:
5409:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5336:
5321:
5317:
5301:
5222:
5209:
5203:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5140:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5097:
5070:Scottish Gaelic
5051:
5043:
5037:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4959:
4953:
4943:
4864:les (Old Irish)
4829:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4581:
4575:
4518:
4512:
4503:
4497:
4452:
4434:
4428:
4418:
4408:
4398:
4392:
4382:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4297:
4292:(Mary) (nom.) â
4291:
4285:
4279:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4133:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4002:
3977:). The isles of
3968:
3904:
3807:
3801:
3796:, also known as
3788:
3786:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
3778:
3560:
3559:
3551:
3504:
3485:
3457:
3449:
3416:
3410:
3403:British Columbia
3401:The province of
3365:
3352:
3346:
3257:
3251:
3159:
3156:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3063:
3061:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
3057:
3029:
3000:
2998:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
2746:
2737:
2735:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
2717:
2262:
2255:
2219:
2197:Straits of Moyle
2174:Defunct dialects
2140:
2117:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2019:Statutes of Iona
1970:
1961:
1955:
1940:
1931:
1902:
1835:
1829:
1804:
1794:
1782:
1757:
1744:
1721:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1494:
1491:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
1439:language revival
1387:) native to the
1366:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1353:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1263:
1262:
1261:
923:St. Andrew's Day
796:Scottish English
690:Late Middle Ages
675:High Middle Ages
626:
617:
601:
600:
564:
555:
529:
513:
506:
497:
496:
488:
479:
478:
470:
441:language in
399:
367:
359:
351:
333:
251:
179:
167:
141:
140:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
13010:
13009:
13005:
13004:
13003:
13001:
13000:
12999:
12960:
12959:
12958:
12946:
12934:
12924:
12922:
12914:
12912:
12907:
12876:
12843:
12803:Beurla Reagaird
12791:Other languages
12786:
12777:Scottish Gaelic
12709:
12697:
12692:
12662:
12657:
12639:
12584:
12571:Columba Project
12509:
12503:
12479:
12383:
12336:
12332:Scottish Gaelic
12295:Primitive Irish
12280:
12211:Scottish Gaelic
12145:
12071:Nine Years' War
12034:General history
12029:
12024:
11994:
11989:
11976:
11969:
11952:
11851:
11803:
11789:Scottish Gaelic
11756:
11661:Performing arts
11536:
11411:
11407:Police Scotland
11310:
11291:Scotland Office
11137:
11098:Protected areas
11013:
10885:
10872:
10866:
10836:
10831:
10818:
10773:
10726:
10717:Beurla Reagaird
10703:
10641:Ancient Belgian
10624:
10611:Scottish Gaelic
10571:Primitive Irish
10540:
10522:
10481:
10458:
10437:
10420:
10345:
10327:
10322:
10292:
10287:
10269:
10205:
10161:
10124:
10083:
10059:
10010:
10004:
9971:
9948:
9939:Canadian Gaelic
9902:
9870:Primitive Irish
9836:
9834:Scottish Gaelic
9831:
9723:
9664:Scottish Gaelic
9616:
9614:Further reading
9611:
9601:
9599:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9571:
9569:
9556:
9555:
9551:
9534:
9530:
9523:
9515:
9513:
9509:
9502:
9498:
9496:
9492:
9482:
9480:
9467:
9466:
9462:
9446:
9445:
9438:
9436:
9421:
9407:
9406:
9402:
9392:
9390:
9377:
9376:
9372:
9362:
9360:
9347:
9346:
9342:
9332:
9330:
9321:
9320:(SQA) in 2005:
9311:
9307:
9297:
9295:
9280:
9276:
9269:
9255:
9251:
9241:
9239:
9232:
9216:
9212:
9205:
9188:
9179:
9160:BrĂŹgh nam Facal
9156:
9152:
9142:
9140:
9129:
9125:
9115:
9113:
9100:
9099:
9095:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9072:
9068:
9067:
9056:
9046:
9044:
9035:
9034:
9030:
9020:
9018:
9003:
8999:
8989:
8987:
8972:
8968:
8958:
8956:
8947:
8946:
8942:
8932:
8930:
8917:
8916:
8912:
8902:
8900:
8889:
8885:
8875:
8873:
8860:
8859:
8855:
8845:
8843:
8830:
8829:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8800:
8799:
8795:
8784:
8780:
8773:
8765:. p. 416.
8755:
8751:
8745:Wayback Machine
8736:
8732:
8726:Wayback Machine
8717:
8713:
8707:Wayback Machine
8698:
8694:
8688:Wayback Machine
8679:
8675:
8669:Wayback Machine
8660:
8656:
8650:Wayback Machine
8641:
8637:
8631:Wayback Machine
8622:
8618:
8612:Wayback Machine
8603:
8599:
8589:
8587:
8578:
8577:
8573:
8567:Wayback Machine
8558:
8554:
8548:Wayback Machine
8539:
8535:
8529:Wayback Machine
8520:
8516:
8510:Wayback Machine
8501:
8494:
8486:
8482:
8472:
8470:
8459:
8458:
8454:
8444:
8442:
8427:
8423:
8413:
8411:
8402:
8401:
8397:
8387:
8385:
8372:
8371:
8367:
8357:
8355:
8346:
8345:
8341:
8331:
8329:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8302:
8294:Wayback Machine
8283:
8279:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8256:
8250:
8246:
8228:Wayback Machine
8218:
8214:
8207:
8193:
8189:
8175:
8173:
8162:
8158:
8148:
8146:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8118:
8116:
8103:
8102:
8098:
8088:
8086:
8082:
8071:
8067:
8066:
8059:
8049:
8047:
8039:BBC News Online
8032:
8031:
8027:
8017:
8015:
8000:
7999:
7995:
7985:
7983:
7970:
7969:
7965:
7955:
7953:
7938:
7934:
7924:
7922:
7907:
7903:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7875:
7873:
7869:
7862:
7858:
7857:
7853:
7843:
7841:
7840:on 8 April 2011
7828:
7827:
7823:
7814:
7810:
7800:
7798:
7785:
7784:
7777:
7772:on 5 July 2007.
7760:
7759:
7755:
7746:
7742:
7732:
7730:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7707:
7705:
7678:
7674:
7664:
7662:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7599:
7595:
7585:
7583:
7568:
7552:
7543:
7500:
7487:
7477:
7475:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7447:
7445:
7406:
7397:
7387:
7385:
7378:
7352:
7345:
7334:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7302:
7301:
7297:
7287:
7285:
7277:BBC News Online
7270:
7269:
7265:
7255:
7253:
7245:BBC News Online
7238:
7237:
7233:
7225:
7221:
7215:Wayback Machine
7206:
7202:
7192:
7190:
7183:
7179:
7178:
7174:
7164:
7162:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7139:
7137:
7130:
7111:
7107:
7097:
7095:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7064:
7051:
7050:
7046:
7036:
7034:
7027:
7003:
6999:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6976:
6968:
6964:
6949:
6945:
6935:
6933:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6909:
6907:
6892:
6885:
6870:
6866:
6859:
6841:
6837:
6830:
6816:
6805:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6767:
6763:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6730:
6726:
6703:
6699:
6692:
6678:
6667:
6656:
6652:
6641:
6637:
6626:
6619:
6614:
6610:
6604:Wayback Machine
6595:
6591:
6581:
6579:
6542:
6538:
6531:
6517:
6513:
6506:
6492:
6488:
6481:
6467:
6463:
6459:, 1872, page 50
6457:Wayback Machine
6446:
6442:
6432:
6430:
6415:
6411:
6401:
6399:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6371:
6369:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6346:
6344:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6316:
6314:
6301:
6300:
6293:
6283:
6281:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6253:
6251:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6223:
6221:
6208:
6207:
6203:
6193:
6191:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6163:
6161:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6107:
6105:
6090:
6086:
6075:
6071:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6034:
6030:
6021:
6020:
6013:
6009:
6004:
6003:
5994:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5939:
5922:
5791:
5772:
5723:
5708:
5701:
5681:
5673:
5600:
5564:
5528:
5522:
5493:
5461:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5437:
5411:
5407:
5396:
5390:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5334:
5319:
5315:
5306:, 19th century)
5291:
5255:Primitive Irish
5244:
5231:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5159:
5146:, for example,
5125:
5124:is preceded by
5121:
5117:
5116:is preceded by
5113:
5103:
5095:
5068:
5062:
5024:, particularly
5014:
4982:(Lewis, "watch
4916:
4878:ystrad (Welsh)
4789:
4726:
4718:
4603:
4601:Verb inflection
4565:
4563:Noun inflection
4538:
4532:
4447:
4441:
4320: /
4304:
4145:; for example,
4046:
4041:
4035:
4019:
4013:
3922:
3861:
3833:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3541:
3535:
3530:
3436:
3430:
3405:is host to the
3372:
3355:Maritime Canada
3318:
3305:
3303:Canadian Gaelic
3299:
3286:Ordnance Survey
3266:respectively).
3211:
3205:
3180:official status
3160:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3096:
3054:Ăamonn Ă GribĂn
2951:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2911:
2887:
2753:Argyll and Bute
2706:
2704:
2254:
2248:
2230:
2205:Mull of Kintyre
2176:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2047:Dugald Buchanan
2011:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1874:
1727:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1671:Primitive Irish
1663:
1658:
1650:Main articles:
1648:
1575:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1450:Canadian Gaelic
1409:spoken language
1360:
1359:
1338:
1311:
1307:
1304:Scottish Gaelic
1297:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1215:National anthem
1200:
1199:
1188:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1108:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1063:
1009:
1008:
1006:performing arts
972:
971:
918:
917:
888:
887:
823:
822:
811:
810:
786:Scottish Gaelic
781:
780:
762:
761:
760:
759:
638:
637:
613:
579:Without proper
567:
551:
540:Scottish Gaelic
525:
509:
502:
492:
491:
484:
474:
473:
466:
456:
442:
440:
433:Official status
428:
400:
395:
384:West Sutherland
355:East Sutherland
337:Beurla Reagaird
315:
299:Primitive Irish
294:
287:
277:Scottish Gaelic
252:
249:Language family
247:
237:
158:
144:Scottish Gaelic
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13008:
12998:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12957:
12956:
12944:
12932:
12909:
12908:
12906:
12905:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12884:
12882:
12878:
12877:
12875:
12874:
12867:
12865:Northern Irish
12862:
12857:
12851:
12849:
12848:Sign languages
12845:
12844:
12842:
12841:
12836:
12831:
12824:
12817:
12812:
12805:
12800:
12794:
12792:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12784:
12779:
12774:
12773:
12772:
12762:
12761:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12717:
12715:
12711:
12710:
12705:
12703:
12699:
12698:
12691:
12690:
12683:
12676:
12668:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12655:
12644:
12641:
12640:
12638:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12608:
12603:
12600:human genetics
12592:
12590:
12586:
12585:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12531:Culture Vannin
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12511:
12505:
12504:
12502:
12501:
12500:
12499:
12488:
12485:
12484:
12481:
12480:
12478:
12477:
12472:
12454:
12449:
12431:
12426:
12416:
12393:
12391:
12382:
12381:
12376:
12371:
12366:
12365:
12364:
12357:Royal families
12353:
12351:
12342:
12338:
12337:
12335:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12312:
12305:
12298:
12290:
12288:
12282:
12281:
12279:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12261:Highland games
12258:
12253:
12248:
12243:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12226:Insular script
12223:
12218:
12196:
12191:
12189:Gaelic kinship
12186:
12181:
12179:Gaelic warfare
12176:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12153:
12151:
12150:Gaelic culture
12147:
12146:
12144:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12131:Gaelic Revival
12128:
12123:
12121:Irish diaspora
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12091:1641 Rebellion
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12056:Irish kingdoms
12053:
12048:
12043:
12041:Gaelic Ireland
12037:
12035:
12031:
12030:
12023:
12022:
12015:
12008:
12000:
11991:
11990:
11988:
11987:
11982:
11975:
11974:
11966:
11965:
11962:
11961:
11958:
11957:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11924:
11923:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11902:
11901:
11896:
11886:
11876:
11871:
11865:
11863:
11857:
11856:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11818:
11816:
11805:
11804:
11802:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11775:
11773:
11764:
11758:
11757:
11755:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11738:
11737:
11732:
11731:
11730:
11720:
11719:
11718:
11708:
11703:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11622:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11563:
11561:
11548:
11542:
11541:
11538:
11537:
11535:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11492:Power stations
11489:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11433:
11427:
11421:
11420:
11417:
11416:
11413:
11412:
11410:
11409:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11367:Lord President
11364:
11359:
11354:
11336:
11326:
11320:
11318:
11312:
11311:
11309:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11257:
11256:
11246:
11245:
11244:
11239:
11229:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11212:
11211:
11210:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11183:First Minister
11180:
11175:
11169:
11167:
11158:
11149:
11143:
11142:
11139:
11138:
11136:
11135:
11130:
11128:Municipalities
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11094:
11093:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11027:
11021:
11015:
11014:
11012:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10961:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10895:
10893:
10887:
10886:
10884:
10883:
10877:
10874:
10873:
10871: articles
10865:
10864:
10857:
10850:
10842:
10833:
10832:
10823:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10800:
10794:
10788:
10781:
10779:
10775:
10774:
10772:
10771:
10765:
10759:
10753:
10747:
10741:
10738:Lower Brittany
10734:
10732:
10728:
10727:
10725:
10724:
10719:
10713:
10711:
10705:
10704:
10702:
10701:
10698:Paleo-Hispanic
10689:
10677:
10665:
10657:
10645:
10636:
10634:
10630:
10629:
10626:
10625:
10623:
10622:
10621:
10620:
10608:
10603:
10602:
10601:
10588:
10581:
10574:
10562:
10554:
10552:
10546:
10545:
10542:
10541:
10539:
10538:
10530:
10528:
10524:
10523:
10521:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10511:
10499:
10491:
10489:
10483:
10482:
10480:
10479:
10474:
10468:
10466:
10460:
10459:
10457:
10456:
10448:
10446:
10439:
10428:
10426:Insular Celtic
10422:
10421:
10419:
10418:
10411:
10404:
10403:
10402:
10395:
10385:Hispano-Celtic
10381:
10380:
10379:
10365:
10357:
10355:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10343:
10335:
10333:
10329:
10328:
10321:
10320:
10313:
10306:
10298:
10289:
10288:
10286:
10285:
10274:
10271:
10270:
10268:
10267:
10262:
10261:
10260:
10243:
10238:
10227:
10221:
10219:
10215:
10214:
10211:
10210:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10203:
10194:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10169:
10167:
10163:
10162:
10160:
10159:
10149:
10132:
10130:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10122:
10114:
10106:
10100:
10098:
10091:
10085:
10084:
10082:
10081:
10076:
10067:
10065:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10038:
10033:
10023:
10021:
10012:
10006:
10005:
10003:
10002:
9997:
9996:
9995:
9985:
9979:
9977:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9969:
9964:
9958:
9956:
9950:
9949:
9947:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9910:
9908:
9904:
9903:
9901:
9900:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9860:Insular Celtic
9857:
9852:
9846:
9844:
9838:
9837:
9830:
9829:
9822:
9815:
9807:
9801:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9784:
9768:
9758:
9748:
9740:
9734:
9722:
9721:External links
9719:
9718:
9717:
9706:
9692:
9675:
9659:
9640:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9609:
9592:United Nations
9579:
9549:
9528:
9490:
9460:
9419:
9400:
9370:
9340:
9305:
9274:
9267:
9249:
9230:
9210:
9203:
9177:
9150:
9123:
9093:
9054:
9028:
8997:
8966:
8940:
8910:
8883:
8853:
8823:
8793:
8778:
8771:
8749:
8730:
8711:
8692:
8673:
8654:
8635:
8616:
8597:
8571:
8552:
8533:
8514:
8503:About BBC Alba
8492:
8480:
8452:
8421:
8395:
8365:
8339:
8308:
8277:
8244:
8212:
8205:
8187:
8156:
8126:
8096:
8057:
8025:
7993:
7963:
7946:www.sqa.org.uk
7932:
7915:www.sqa.org.uk
7901:
7883:
7851:
7821:
7808:
7775:
7753:
7740:
7715:
7692:(2): 266â269.
7672:
7618:
7611:
7593:
7566:
7541:
7485:
7455:
7395:
7376:
7343:
7325:
7314:on 9 July 2019
7295:
7263:
7231:
7219:
7200:
7172:
7147:
7129:978-0521231275
7128:
7105:
7074:
7044:
7025:
6997:
6962:
6943:
6917:
6883:
6864:
6857:
6835:
6828:
6803:
6788:
6781:
6761:
6749:
6743:978-1906566296
6742:
6724:
6713:(2): 275â289.
6697:
6691:978-0859760973
6690:
6665:
6650:
6635:
6617:
6608:
6589:
6536:
6529:
6511:
6504:
6486:
6479:
6461:
6440:
6409:
6379:
6354:
6324:
6291:
6261:
6231:
6201:
6171:
6141:
6115:
6084:
6069:
6047:
6028:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5959:
5950:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5929:
5915:
5907:
5906:
5903:
5896:
5883:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5863:
5855:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5836:
5822:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5803:
5783:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5716:
5688:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5593:
5585:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5566:
5556:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5509:
5508:
5492:
5489:
5477:lines of Irish
5389:
5386:
5312:Insular script
5290:
5289:Insular script
5287:
5251:writing system
5243:
5240:
5230:
5227:
5174:(" people") /
5064:Main article:
5061:
5058:
5018:Scots language
5013:
5010:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4861:palace, court
4859:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4788:
4785:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4602:
4599:
4591:palatalisation
4564:
4561:
4534:Main article:
4531:
4528:
4459:reduced vowels
4443:Main article:
4440:
4437:
4317:MacGillEathain
4303:
4300:
4108:(Patrick) and
4045:
4044:Personal names
4042:
4037:Main article:
4034:
4031:
4027:Sorley MacLean
4015:Main article:
4012:
4009:
3921:
3918:
3885:In Russia the
3860:
3857:
3832:
3829:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3573:
3564:
3537:Main article:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3432:Main article:
3429:
3426:
3420:. The city of
3371:
3368:
3336:first language
3317:
3314:
3301:Main article:
3298:
3295:
3271:Outer Hebrides
3204:
3201:
3168:European Union
3162:
3161:
3142:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3126:European Union
3124:
3095:
3092:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3005:
3002:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2915:Outer Hebrides
2910:
2907:
2886:
2883:
2865:(+0.16%), and
2789:Inner Hebrides
2751:(5.4%) and in
2729:2011 UK Census
2703:
2700:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2247:
2244:
2229:
2226:
2175:
2172:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2077:
2071:
2010:
2007:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1873:
1870:
1833:lingua Scotica
1718:
1712:
1702:
1692:
1662:
1659:
1647:
1644:
1602:Middle English
1500:
1497:
1435:Outer Hebrides
1383:branch of the
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:Highland games
1135:
1130:
1128:Haggis hurling
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
994:
988:
987:
981:
980:
974:
973:
970:
969:
964:
959:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
919:
913:
912:
911:
908:
907:
901:
900:
890:
889:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
824:
818:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
782:
776:
775:
774:
771:
770:
764:
763:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
641:
640:
639:
633:
632:
631:
628:
627:
619:
618:
610:
609:
597:
596:
583:, you may see
569:
568:
565:
557:
556:
549:
543:
542:
537:
531:
530:
523:
515:
514:
507:
499:
498:
489:
481:
480:
471:
463:
462:
461:Language codes
458:
457:
455:
454:
445:
443:
438:
435:
434:
430:
429:
427:
426:
425:(historically)
420:
419:(historically)
417:Insular script
414:
403:
401:
397:Writing system
394:
391:
390:
389:
388:
385:
382:
379:
374:
371:
368:
360:
352:
344:
339:
334:
326:
321:
317:
316:
314:
313:
312:
311:
297:
295:
292:
289:
288:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
267:Insular Celtic
255:
253:
246:
243:
242:
230:
226:
225:
217:
213:
212:
199:
195:
194:
188:United Kingdom
185:
184:Native to
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
160:
159:
157:
156:
153:
149:
146:
145:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
32:Scots language
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13007:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12967:
12965:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12943:
12938:
12933:
12931:
12921:
12920:
12917:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12885:
12883:
12879:
12873:
12872:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12858:
12856:
12853:
12852:
12850:
12846:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12834:Scottish Cant
12832:
12830:
12829:
12825:
12823:
12822:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12810:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12789:
12783:
12780:
12778:
12775:
12771:
12768:
12767:
12766:
12763:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12743:
12739:
12738:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12718:
12716:
12712:
12708:
12704:
12700:
12696:
12689:
12684:
12682:
12677:
12675:
12670:
12669:
12666:
12654:
12646:
12645:
12642:
12636:
12635:Gaelicisation
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12620:
12616:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12601:
12597:
12594:
12593:
12591:
12587:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12510:organisations
12506:
12498:
12495:
12494:
12493:
12490:
12489:
12476:
12473:
12470:
12466:
12462:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12447:
12443:
12439:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12424:
12420:
12417:
12414:
12410:
12406:
12402:
12398:
12395:
12394:
12392:
12390:
12386:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12363:
12360:
12359:
12358:
12355:
12354:
12352:
12350:
12346:
12343:
12339:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12317:
12313:
12311:
12310:
12306:
12304:
12303:
12299:
12297:
12296:
12292:
12291:
12289:
12287:
12283:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12249:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12216:
12212:
12208:
12204:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12194:Bardic poetry
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12174:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12154:
12152:
12148:
12142:
12141:GĂ idhealtachd
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12038:
12036:
12032:
12028:
12021:
12016:
12014:
12009:
12007:
12002:
12001:
11998:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11977:
11972:
11968:
11967:
11963:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11931:
11929:
11926:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11916:Baptist Union
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11904:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11891:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11881:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11862:
11858:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11810:
11806:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11776:
11774:
11772:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11759:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11736:
11733:
11729:
11726:
11725:
11724:
11721:
11717:
11716:national flag
11714:
11713:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11698:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11594:
11590:
11589:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11560:
11556:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11543:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11487:
11486:North Sea oil
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11434:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11422:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11362:Lord Advocate
11360:
11358:
11355:
11352:
11348:
11344:
11340:
11337:
11334:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11321:
11319:
11317:
11313:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11286:Republicanism
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11255:
11252:
11251:
11250:
11247:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11234:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11221:
11218:
11217:
11216:
11213:
11209:
11206:
11205:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11170:
11168:
11166:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11144:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11092:
11089:
11088:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11028:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11016:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10984:Enlightenment
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10892:
10888:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10875:
10870:
10863:
10858:
10856:
10851:
10849:
10844:
10843:
10840:
10830:
10826:
10821:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10804:
10801:
10798:
10795:
10792:
10789:
10786:
10783:
10782:
10780:
10776:
10769:
10768:Y Fro Gymraeg
10766:
10763:
10762:GĂ idhealtachd
10760:
10757:
10754:
10751:
10748:
10745:
10742:
10739:
10736:
10735:
10733:
10729:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10714:
10712:
10710:
10706:
10699:
10695:
10694:
10690:
10687:
10683:
10682:
10678:
10675:
10671:
10670:
10666:
10663:
10662:
10658:
10655:
10651:
10650:
10646:
10643:
10642:
10638:
10637:
10635:
10631:
10619:
10618:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10600:
10599:
10594:
10593:
10589:
10587:
10586:
10582:
10580:
10579:
10575:
10573:
10572:
10568:
10567:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10551:
10547:
10537:
10536:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10525:
10517:
10516:
10512:
10510:
10509:
10505:
10504:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10497:
10493:
10492:
10490:
10488:
10484:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10469:
10467:
10465:
10461:
10455:
10454:
10450:
10449:
10447:
10445:Reconstructed
10443:
10440:
10436:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10423:
10417:
10416:
10412:
10410:
10409:
10405:
10401:
10400:
10396:
10394:
10393:
10389:
10388:
10387:
10386:
10382:
10378:
10377:
10373:
10372:
10371:
10370:
10366:
10364:
10363:
10359:
10358:
10356:
10354:
10353:
10348:
10342:
10341:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10332:Reconstructed
10330:
10326:
10319:
10314:
10312:
10307:
10305:
10300:
10299:
10296:
10284:
10276:
10275:
10272:
10266:
10263:
10259:
10258:
10256:
10249:
10248:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10234:
10233:GĂ idhealtachd
10228:
10226:
10223:
10222:
10220:
10216:
10201:
10200:
10195:
10192:
10191:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10170:
10168:
10164:
10158:
10156:
10150:
10145:
10144:
10137:
10134:
10133:
10131:
10127:
10118:
10115:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10086:
10080:
10077:
10072:
10069:
10068:
10066:
10062:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10024:
10022:
10020:
10016:
10013:
10007:
10001:
9998:
9994:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9974:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9959:
9957:
9955:
9951:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9924:Argyll Gaelic
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9905:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9885:Gaelicisation
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9843:
9839:
9835:
9828:
9823:
9821:
9816:
9814:
9809:
9808:
9805:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9788:
9785:
9781:
9775:
9774:
9769:
9765:
9764:
9759:
9756:
9752:
9749:
9746:
9745:
9741:
9738:
9735:
9731:
9730:
9725:
9724:
9715:
9711:
9707:
9705:
9704:1-903765-59-5
9701:
9697:
9693:
9690:
9687:
9680:
9676:
9674:
9673:3-89586-408-0
9670:
9666:
9665:
9660:
9657:
9656:0-415-28080-X
9653:
9649:
9645:
9641:
9638:
9637:1-897367-00-7
9634:
9631:(hardcover),
9630:
9629:1-897367-02-3
9626:
9622:
9618:
9617:
9597:
9593:
9589:
9583:
9567:
9563:
9559:
9553:
9546:
9545:0-901282-55-3
9542:
9538:
9532:
9524:(163 KB)
9508:
9501:
9497:Unicode 5.0,
9494:
9478:
9474:
9470:
9464:
9456:
9450:
9434:
9430:
9426:
9422:
9420:1-85791-327-2
9416:
9412:
9411:
9404:
9388:
9384:
9380:
9374:
9358:
9354:
9350:
9344:
9329:on 7 May 2007
9328:
9324:
9319:
9315:
9309:
9293:
9289:
9285:
9278:
9270:
9268:9781906566357
9264:
9260:
9253:
9237:
9233:
9231:9789004188013
9227:
9223:
9222:
9214:
9206:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9175:
9174:0-903204-21-5
9171:
9167:
9161:
9157:Cox, Richard
9154:
9138:
9134:
9127:
9111:
9107:
9103:
9097:
9078:
9071:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9059:
9042:
9038:
9032:
9016:
9013:. Edinburgh.
9012:
9008:
9001:
8985:
8981:
8980:RCI | English
8977:
8970:
8954:
8950:
8944:
8928:
8924:
8920:
8914:
8898:
8894:
8887:
8871:
8867:
8863:
8857:
8841:
8837:
8833:
8827:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8797:
8789:
8782:
8774:
8768:
8764:
8763:Lonely Planet
8760:
8753:
8746:
8742:
8739:
8734:
8727:
8723:
8720:
8715:
8708:
8704:
8701:
8696:
8689:
8685:
8682:
8677:
8670:
8666:
8663:
8658:
8651:
8647:
8644:
8639:
8632:
8628:
8625:
8620:
8613:
8609:
8606:
8601:
8585:
8581:
8575:
8568:
8564:
8561:
8556:
8549:
8545:
8542:
8537:
8530:
8526:
8523:
8518:
8511:
8507:
8504:
8499:
8497:
8489:
8484:
8468:
8467:
8462:
8456:
8440:
8436:
8435:RCI | English
8432:
8425:
8409:
8405:
8399:
8383:
8379:
8375:
8369:
8353:
8349:
8343:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8312:
8300:
8296:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8281:
8262:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8222:
8216:
8208:
8202:
8198:
8191:
8184:
8171:
8167:
8160:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8130:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8100:
8081:
8077:
8070:
8064:
8062:
8045:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8029:
8013:
8009:
8008:
8003:
7997:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7936:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7905:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7868:
7861:
7855:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7818:
7812:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7782:
7780:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7757:
7750:
7744:
7729:
7725:
7719:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7676:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7625:
7623:
7614:
7608:
7604:
7597:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7537:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7459:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7383:
7379:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7357:
7350:
7348:
7339:
7332:
7330:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7299:
7283:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7267:
7251:
7247:
7246:
7241:
7235:
7228:
7223:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7204:
7189:
7182:
7176:
7161:
7157:
7151:
7135:
7131:
7125:
7121:
7120:
7115:
7109:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7078:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7048:
7032:
7028:
7026:9781135796419
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7001:
6982:
6975:
6974:
6966:
6958:
6954:
6947:
6931:
6927:
6921:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6890:
6888:
6879:
6875:
6868:
6860:
6858:9780859760140
6854:
6849:
6848:
6839:
6831:
6825:
6821:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6799:
6792:
6784:
6778:
6774:
6773:
6765:
6756:
6754:
6745:
6739:
6735:
6728:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6701:
6693:
6687:
6683:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6661:
6654:
6646:
6639:
6631:
6624:
6622:
6612:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6593:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6540:
6532:
6526:
6522:
6515:
6507:
6501:
6497:
6490:
6482:
6480:9781849725927
6476:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6444:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6413:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6383:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6265:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6235:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6205:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6088:
6080:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6032:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6011:
5998:
5992:
5988:
5975:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5835:"to sleep" )
5833:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5801:
5796:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5459:
5443:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5385:
5383:
5374:
5370:
5353:was used for
5344:
5340:
5332:
5328:
5323:
5313:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5235:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5215:
5210:
5208:
5202:
5197:
5193:
5188:precedes the
5178:
5172:
5166:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5110:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5076:New Testament
5073:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5050:
5049:
5042:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4881:river-valley
4880:
4877:
4875:river-valley
4874:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4784:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4527:
4525:
4520:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4436:
4433:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4393:(Roy â red),
4391:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4359:MacDhòmhnaill
4354:
4353:NicDhòmhnaill
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4323:MacIllEathain
4318:
4312:
4311:
4299:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4273:
4272:vocative case
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4084:(Christina),
4082:
4076:
4072:(Catherine),
4070:
4064:
4060:(Alexander),
4058:
4052:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3997:, Edinburgh.
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3938:Isle of Lewis
3935:
3931:
3926:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3828:
3825:
3824:Western Isles
3820:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3765:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3570:Gaelic medium
3565:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3277:a long time.
3274:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3255:Loch Ailleart
3250:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3158:
3155:December 2020
3146:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3040:
3039:of Scotland.
3038:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:East Ayrshire
2856:
2852:
2848:
2847:Aberdeenshire
2844:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2811:(20.2%), and
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2722:
2699:
2695:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:North Channel
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2115:GĂ idhealtachd
2088:
2082:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2028:Privy Council
2024:
2021:, enacted by
2020:
2015:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1965:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1866:Dumfriesshire
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1797:Gaelicisation
1793:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:Leslie Alcock
1765:
1764:Ewan Campbell
1761:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1611:
1608:by the early
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1481:UK Government
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1305:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1059:Border Ballad
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:Waulking song
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
990:
989:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
975:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
910:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
895:
892:
891:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:Scottish clan
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
848:Common Riding
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
821:
815:
814:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
779:
773:
772:
769:
766:
765:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Enlightenment
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
636:
630:
629:
625:
621:
620:
616:
612:
611:
607:
603:
602:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
576:
570:
563:
558:
554:
550:
548:
544:
541:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
522:
521:
516:
512:
508:
505:
500:
495:
490:
487:
482:
477:
472:
469:
464:
459:
453:
450:
449:
448:
444:
436:
431:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
408:
405:
404:
402:
398:
392:
386:
383:
380:
378:
375:
372:
369:
364:
361:
356:
353:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
330:
327:
324:
323:
322:
318:
310:
307:
306:
305:
302:
301:
300:
296:
290:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
269:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:Indo-European
254:
250:
244:
241:
235:
231:
227:
224:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
172:Pronunciation
170:
166:
161:
154:
151:
150:
147:
142:
139:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
12869:
12826:
12819:
12807:
12776:
12770:Ulster Scots
12740:
12619:Clan MacLeod
12561:ULTACH Trust
12442:Corcu LoĂgde
12331:
12314:
12309:Middle Irish
12307:
12300:
12293:
12256:Gaelic games
12207:Modern Irish
12171:
12116:Great Hunger
11879:Christianity
11869:Bahåʟà Faith
11788:
11762:Demographics
11706:coat of arms
11676:Prostitution
11609:Universities
11591:
11567:Architecture
11527:Unemployment
11522:Silicon Glen
11482:Oil industry
11467:Harris Tweed
11357:Crown Office
11249:Armed forces
11227:Independence
11215:Human rights
11046:Conservation
11036:Central Belt
10954:Early modern
10824:
10696:? (possibly
10691:
10684:? (possibly
10679:
10672:? (possibly
10667:
10659:
10647:
10639:
10615:
10610:
10596:
10590:
10585:Middle Irish
10583:
10576:
10569:
10557:
10533:
10515:Middle Welsh
10513:
10506:
10494:
10451:
10413:
10406:
10397:
10390:
10383:
10374:
10367:
10360:
10350:
10340:Proto-Celtic
10338:
10252:
10229:
10155:nan GĂ idheal
10143:BBC GĂ idhlig
10129:Broadcasting
10043:ClĂŹ GĂ idhlig
10000:Dictionaries
9880:Middle Irish
9855:Proto-Celtic
9833:
9743:
9713:
9695:
9683:
9662:
9643:
9620:
9600:. Retrieved
9582:
9570:. Retrieved
9562:omniglot.com
9561:
9552:
9536:
9531:
9514:. Retrieved
9493:
9481:. Retrieved
9472:
9463:
9437:. Retrieved
9409:
9403:
9391:. Retrieved
9382:
9373:
9361:. Retrieved
9352:
9343:
9331:. Retrieved
9327:the original
9313:
9308:
9296:. Retrieved
9287:
9277:
9258:
9252:
9240:. Retrieved
9220:
9213:
9194:
9153:
9141:. Retrieved
9126:
9114:. Retrieved
9105:
9096:
9084:. Retrieved
9045:. Retrieved
9031:
9019:. Retrieved
9011:The Scotsman
9010:
9000:
8988:. Retrieved
8979:
8969:
8957:. Retrieved
8943:
8931:. Retrieved
8922:
8913:
8901:. Retrieved
8886:
8874:. Retrieved
8865:
8856:
8844:. Retrieved
8835:
8826:
8814:. Retrieved
8806:The Scotsman
8805:
8796:
8787:
8781:
8758:
8752:
8733:
8714:
8695:
8676:
8657:
8638:
8619:
8600:
8588:. Retrieved
8574:
8555:
8536:
8517:
8490:â BBC Online
8483:
8471:. Retrieved
8464:
8455:
8443:. Retrieved
8434:
8424:
8412:. Retrieved
8398:
8386:. Retrieved
8377:
8368:
8356:. Retrieved
8342:
8330:. Retrieved
8321:
8311:
8298:
8285:
8280:
8268:. Retrieved
8247:
8231:
8215:
8196:
8190:
8181:
8174:. Retrieved
8170:the original
8159:
8147:. Retrieved
8138:
8129:
8117:. Retrieved
8108:
8099:
8087:. Retrieved
8075:
8048:. Retrieved
8037:
8028:
8016:. Retrieved
8005:
7996:
7984:. Retrieved
7975:
7966:
7954:. Retrieved
7945:
7935:
7923:. Retrieved
7914:
7904:
7896:the original
7886:
7874:. Retrieved
7854:
7842:. Retrieved
7838:the original
7824:
7811:
7799:. Retrieved
7791:www.gov.scot
7790:
7770:the original
7765:
7756:
7748:
7743:
7731:. Retrieved
7727:
7718:
7706:. Retrieved
7689:
7685:
7675:
7663:. Retrieved
7641:(1): 48â62.
7638:
7634:
7602:
7596:
7584:. Retrieved
7556:
7514:(1): 27â64.
7511:
7507:
7476:. Retrieved
7467:
7458:
7446:. Retrieved
7413:
7386:. Retrieved
7359:
7337:
7316:. Retrieved
7312:the original
7307:
7298:
7286:. Retrieved
7275:
7266:
7254:. Retrieved
7243:
7234:
7222:
7203:
7191:. Retrieved
7187:
7175:
7163:. Retrieved
7159:
7150:
7138:. Retrieved
7118:
7108:
7096:. Retrieved
7088:The Scotsman
7087:
7077:
7065:. Retrieved
7061:the original
7056:
7047:
7035:. Retrieved
7007:
7000:
6988:. Retrieved
6972:
6965:
6956:
6952:
6946:
6934:. Retrieved
6920:
6908:. Retrieved
6900:The Scotsman
6899:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6846:
6838:
6819:
6797:
6791:
6771:
6764:
6733:
6727:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6681:
6659:
6653:
6644:
6638:
6629:
6611:
6592:
6580:. Retrieved
6553:
6549:
6539:
6520:
6514:
6495:
6489:
6470:
6464:
6448:
6443:
6431:. Retrieved
6412:
6400:. Retrieved
6396:the original
6391:
6382:
6370:. Retrieved
6366:
6357:
6345:. Retrieved
6336:
6327:
6315:. Retrieved
6306:
6282:. Retrieved
6273:
6264:
6252:. Retrieved
6243:
6234:
6222:. Retrieved
6213:
6204:
6192:. Retrieved
6183:
6174:
6162:. Retrieved
6153:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6118:
6106:. Retrieved
6098:Newsnet.scot
6097:
6087:
6078:
6072:
6064:the original
6059:
6050:
6042:
6037:
6031:
5991:
5973:
5933:va mee fakin
5799:
5779:
5730:
5510:
5494:
5491:Example text
5474:
5460:was used on
5458:acute accent
5434:grave accent
5428:
5397:
5388:Latin script
5379:
5331:acute accent
5324:
5309:
5282:
5278:
5275:Giogha Stone
5263:Latin script
5245:
5211:
5194:
5165:[Én]
5143:[Én]
5130:
5085:
5069:
5015:
5005:
4945:
4935:
4917:
4901:dung, mound
4824:
4798:("legacy"),
4790:
4783:("Sunday").
4765:("Monday"),
4757:Middle Irish
4750:
4727:
4719:
4711:subjunctive.
4615:
4604:
4584:
4569:
4566:
4539:
4524:preaspirated
4521:
4513:"now", from
4506:
4475:
4448:
4376:
4374:("Donald").
4347:nighean mhic
4305:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4140:
4135:
4125:
4121:
4047:
4020:
4005:
3957:Presbyterian
3942:
3908:
3891:
3884:
3865:
3862:
3838:
3834:
3821:
3810:
3791:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3581:in Scotland
3568:students in
3521:
3507:
3496:
3472:Virgin Media
3437:
3417:
3400:
3388:
3373:
3359:
3340:
3333:
3306:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3244:
3196:Mike Russell
3165:
3152:
3144:
3105:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3064:'s efforts.
3049:
3033:
3022:
3018:
2990:
2966:
2963:
2943:
2912:
2903:Isle of Skye
2888:
2871:
2857:(+216), and
2853:(+305), the
2840:
2832:Ardnamurchan
2820:civil parish
2817:
2783:in Northern
2773:
2740:
2726:
2696:
2692:
2257:
2233:
2231:
2183:, northwest
2177:
2165:
2128:
2120:
2110:
2080:
2032:
2016:
2012:
2000:
1994:
1980:
1914:
1905:Anglo-Norman
1875:
1864:and eastern
1862:Clyde Valley
1858:Renfrewshire
1846:West Lothian
1815:
1776:
1748:
1736:
1708:Norse-Gaelic
1679:Middle Irish
1595:
1502:
1479:, which the
1470:
1447:
1428:
1413:Middle Irish
1372:
1369:Scots Gaelic
1368:
1303:
1302:
1235:Celtic cross
1220:Lion Rampant
1210:Coat of arms
1148:Rugby sevens
1143:Horse racing
1054:Puirt Ă beul
933:Burns supper
843:Burns supper
785:
700:Early modern
572:
547:Linguasphere
518:
309:Middle Irish
276:
236: (2022)
152:Scots Gaelic
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
12942:Linguistics
12871:Old Kentish
12798:Angloromani
12748:GuernĂŠsiais
12611:NorseâGaels
12461:DĂĄl nAraidi
12446:DĂĄl Fiatach
12419:Dalcassians
12409:Clan Donald
12221:Gaelic type
12203:Early Irish
11437:Agriculture
11301:Nationalism
11220:LGBT rights
11123:Environment
11004:Romanticism
10959:Reformation
10949:Renaissance
10914:Middle Ages
10909:Roman times
10904:Prehistoric
10438:(Brythonic)
10392:Celtiberian
10064:Legislation
9983:Orthography
9895:Renaissance
9639:(paperback)
8903:30 November
8876:30 November
8846:30 November
8473:23 December
8414:8 September
8119:22 December
7844:13 November
7801:19 December
7708:19 December
7665:19 December
7586:19 December
7478:19 December
7448:19 December
7388:19 December
6910:20 December
6274:2021 Census
6244:2016 Census
5542:Manx Gaelic
5430:Long vowels
5382:Unicode 5.0
5177:muinntirean
5152:("shoe") /
5092:palatalised
5078:. The 1981
5072:orthography
5060:Orthography
4941:telebhisean
4780:Didòmhnaich
4774:Disathairne
4771:(Tuesday),
4748:languages.
4616:There are:
4611:syncopation
4595:suffixation
4516:an trĂ th-sa
4498:"door" but
4471:triphthongs
4451:/ieÉaÉouɤɯ/
4338:(strictly,
4286:(voc.) and
4252:â (Angus),
4124:(Effie) or
4081:CairistĂŹona
4066:(William),
4023:Anne Frater
3969:in Gaelic,
3897:courses at
3868:Nova Scotia
3488:STV Central
3329:Nova Scotia
3316:Nova Scotia
3172:Kim Darroch
2755:(4.0%) and
2181:Wester Ross
2144:monolingual
2131:World War I
2065:(including
2002:The Wallace
1878:Malcolm III
1466:Nova Scotia
1462:2016 census
1458:2021 census
1240:Celtic knot
1153:Rugby union
943:Lanimer Day
878:Up Helly Aa
791:Broad Scots
750:Romanticism
705:Reformation
695:Renaissance
660:Middle Ages
655:Roman times
650:Prehistoric
587:instead of
452:Nova Scotia
293:Early forms
240:Nova Scotia
210:Nova Scotia
12964:Categories
12758:Sercquiais
12429:EĂłganachta
12405:Clan Colla
12162:Brehon law
12111:Penal Laws
12101:Jacobitism
11899:Moderators
11842:Scientists
11728:regimental
11671:Placenames
11666:Philosophy
11641:Literature
11271:Parliament
11203:Government
11173:Devolution
11156:Government
11113:Ecoregions
11103:Waterfalls
10979:Jacobitism
10764:(Scotland)
10740:(Brittany)
10693:Tartessian
10669:Lusitanian
10399:Gallaecian
10265:Road signs
10166:Publishers
10152:BBC Radio
10120:(sporadic)
10112:(sporadic)
10097:Newspapers
9988:Literature
9682:. (2007).
9646:. London:
9483:23 October
9116:19 January
9086:19 January
9047:19 January
9021:19 January
8990:3 February
8959:4 November
8933:24 January
8270:13 January
7911:"GĂ idhlig"
7612:0140028374
7576:1144113424
7140:13 January
7098:25 October
7037:26 January
6959:: 121â134.
6851:. Donald.
6284:10 October
5978:References
5923:(Munster)
5900:cha diu oo
5893:char Ăłl tĂş
5887:nĂor Ăłl tĂş
5468:, but the
5223:manuscript
5196:Unstressed
4970:, as in, "
4951:coimpiĂštar
4936:television
4924:neologisms
4914:Neologisms
4887:grassland
4838:Brittonic
4716:Word order
4549:morphology
4546:inflecting
4469:and a few
4467:diphthongs
4413:â brown),
4403:â black),
4387:â white),
4365:Dhòmhnaill
4078:(Robert),
4011:Literature
3979:South Uist
3953:North Uist
3870:, Canada,
3802:(formerly
3575:Percentage
3520:(formerly
3325:Antigonish
3264:Lochailort
3207:See also:
3191:Jim Murphy
3174:, and the
3084:High Court
2978:devolution
2869:(+0.13%).
2818:Today, no
2250:See also:
2185:Sutherland
2009:Modern era
1887:Donald III
1850:Midlothian
1802:CaustantĂn
1610:modern era
1475:under the
1371:or simply
1086:Television
1014:Folk music
992:Literature
953:Bealltainn
938:Tartan Day
820:Traditions
725:Jacobitism
381:Perthshire
117:March 2023
87:newspapers
12742:Auregnais
12556:Gael Linn
12469:CĂarraige
12465:Conmaicne
12438:DĂĄl Riata
12413:UĂ MhĂĄine
12397:Connachta
12379:Genealogy
12302:Old Irish
12136:Gaeltacht
12061:DĂĄl Riata
11884:Christmas
11837:Musicians
11832:Inventors
11771:Languages
11747:Festivals
11587:Education
11512:Transport
11452:Companies
11447:Charities
11178:Elections
11066:Highlands
11019:Geography
10827:indicate
10797:Gaelscoil
10793:(Cornish)
10752:(Ireland)
10750:Gaeltacht
10686:Tyrsenian
10578:Old Irish
10508:Old Welsh
10435:Brittonic
10178:Akerbeltz
10009:Official
9898:(present)
9875:Old Irish
9648:Routledge
9449:cite book
9379:"GIGHA/1"
8358:15 August
8297:(table),
8183:language.
8176:30 August
8050:7 October
7655:0271-5309
7536:145694600
7528:0047-4045
7438:144370832
7430:1613-3668
6990:5 January
6936:11 August
6572:159844564
6550:Antiquity
6041:(table),
6007:Citations
5715:"hound")
5420:consonant
5259:Old Irish
5100:velarised
5038:), glen (
5002:Stornoway
4973:Tha mi a'
4960:, or, in
4787:Brittonic
4746:Brittonic
4510:an-drĂ sta
4439:Phonology
4184:RÇŤgnvaldr
4154:SomarliĂ°r
4148:Somhairle
4143:Old Norse
4126:Henrietta
4102:(James),
3914:Benbecula
3845:Glengarry
3815:opened a
3799:colmcille
3572:education
3566:Number of
3528:Education
3518:STV North
3422:Vancouver
3418:Vancouver
3380:Glengarry
3246:(such as
3219:Lochaline
2901:, on the
2815:(19.0%).
2807:(26.9%),
2803:(29.4%),
2799:(30.4%),
2795:(38.3%),
2777:Stornoway
2757:Inverness
2749:Highlands
2669:5,447,700
2643:5,295,403
2617:5,062,011
2591:5,083,000
2565:5,035,315
2539:5,228,965
2513:5,179,344
2487:5,096,415
2461:4,588,909
2435:4,573,471
2409:4,760,904
2383:4,472,103
2357:4,025,647
2333:3,735,573
2309:1,608,420
2285:1,265,380
2224:dialect.
2214:velarised
2148:bilingual
1900:DĂ l Riada
1811:loanwords
1780:DĂĄl Riata
1754:DĂĄl Riata
1675:Old Irish
1405:Old Irish
1176:Monuments
915:Festivals
894:Mythology
863:Scots law
778:Languages
520:Glottolog
504:ISO 639-3
486:ISO 639-2
468:ISO 639-1
377:Mid-Minch
370:Hebridean
363:Galwegian
304:Old Irish
216:Ethnicity
12954:Language
12930:Scotland
12898:Scotland
12888:Cornwall
12753:Jèrriais
12653:Category
12615:UĂ Ămair
12492:Scottish
12401:UĂ NĂŠill
12374:Nobility
12286:Language
11980:Category
11928:Hinduism
11874:Buddhism
11861:Religion
11691:Surnames
11631:Identity
11626:Hogmanay
11604:Colleges
11462:Forestry
11397:Udal law
11306:Unionism
11261:Monarchs
11165:Politics
11147:Politics
11081:Lowlands
10899:Timeline
10869:Scotland
10787:(Breton)
10744:Y Wladfa
10661:Ligurian
10550:Goidelic
10408:Lepontic
10362:Galatian
10283:Category
10199:Ăr-sgeul
10136:BBC Alba
9962:Alphabet
9907:Dialects
9865:Goidelic
9729:BBC Alba
9686:Tasgaidh
9596:Archived
9566:Archived
9516:24 March
9507:Archived
9477:Archived
9439:25 April
9433:Archived
9429:46449130
9393:25 April
9387:Archived
9363:25 April
9357:Archived
9333:24 March
9298:24 April
9292:Archived
9236:Archived
9193:(1896).
9143:24 April
9137:Archived
9110:Archived
9077:Archived
9041:Archived
9015:Archived
8984:Archived
8953:Archived
8927:Archived
8923:BBC News
8897:Archived
8870:Archived
8840:Archived
8836:BBC News
8810:Archived
8741:Archived
8722:Archived
8703:Archived
8684:Archived
8665:Archived
8646:Archived
8627:Archived
8608:Archived
8590:27 March
8584:Archived
8563:Archived
8544:Archived
8525:Archived
8506:Archived
8439:Archived
8408:Archived
8382:Archived
8352:Archived
8326:Archived
8322:Atlantic
8290:Archived
8261:Archived
8224:Archived
8149:24 April
8143:Archived
8113:Archived
8080:Archived
8044:Archived
8012:Archived
8007:BBC News
7986:24 April
7980:Archived
7956:24 April
7950:Archived
7925:24 April
7919:Archived
7876:27 March
7867:Archived
7795:Archived
7702:Archived
7659:Archived
7580:Archived
7472:Archived
7442:Archived
7382:Archived
7282:Archived
7250:Archived
7211:Archived
7134:Archived
7116:(1992).
7092:Archived
7031:Archived
6981:Archived
6930:Archived
6904:Archived
6600:Archived
6582:29 March
6576:Archived
6453:Archived
6427:Archived
6402:5 August
6347:27 March
6341:Archived
6333:"Gaelic"
6317:21 April
6311:Archived
6278:Archived
6248:Archived
6218:Archived
6188:Archived
6164:17 April
6158:Archived
6154:BBC News
6134:20 April
6128:Archived
6108:20 April
6102:Archived
5890:(North)
5558:(South)
5546:English
5442:digraphs
5416:lenition
5400:alphabet
5343:lenition
5329:with an
5327:accented
5285:'son').
5229:Alphabet
5216:and the
5171:muinntir
5030:trousers
4948:becomes
4946:computer
4847:Meaning
4841:Meaning
4835:Meaning
4744:and the
4734:Germanic
4607:laterals
4587:lenition
4544:with an
4501:an doras
4463:nasality
4455:phonemes
4426:MacGille
4371:Dòmhnall
4302:Surnames
4298:(voc.).
4283:Sheumais
4255:Dòmhnall
4217:Somerled
4172:Raghnall
4131:Diorbhal
4122:Euphemia
4096:(Mary),
4075:Raibeart
4069:CatrĂŹona
4057:Alasdair
4054:(John),
3987:Catholic
3841:Maxville
3813:Duolingo
3579:students
3533:Scotland
3492:BBC Alba
3460:Freeview
3454:BBC Alba
3376:Maxville
2940:Scotland
2935:Official
2849:(+526),
2836:Highland
2809:Colonsay
2721:Scotland
2545:<0.1%
2519:<0.1%
2222:Lochaber
2189:Lochaber
2087:isogloss
2023:James VI
1996:The Brus
1854:Ayrshire
1842:Galloway
1772:Q-Celtic
1700:speaking
1393:Scotland
1379:(in the
1351:GĂ idhlig
1163:Shot put
1123:Football
978:Religion
967:Samhainn
962:LĂšnastal
928:Hogmanay
898:folklore
853:Crofting
828:Clothing
645:Timeline
606:a series
604:Part of
593:Help:IPA
527:scot1245
342:Canadian
320:Dialects
272:Goidelic
234:Scotland
229:Speakers
220:Scottish
202:Scotland
165:GĂ idhlig
12916:Portals
12855:British
12828:Pictish
12815:Llanito
12809:Cumbric
12721:Cornish
12707:English
12613:(incl.
12508:Related
12459:(incl.
12436:(incl.
12421:(incl.
12399:(incl.
11971:Outline
11943:Sikhism
11938:Judaism
11847:Writers
11827:Artists
11735:unicorn
11696:Symbols
11646:Museums
11599:Schools
11582:Cuisine
11559:Culture
11546:Society
11507:Tourism
11472:Housing
11457:Fishing
11425:Economy
11237:History
11091:Highest
11071:Islands
11061:Geology
11041:Climate
10924:Kingdom
10891:History
10825:Italics
10799:(Irish)
10770:(Wales)
10681:Rhaetic
10654:Rhaetic
10649:Camunic
10633:Unknown
10535:Pictish
10527:Pictish
10496:Cumbric
10477:Cornish
10369:Gaulish
10183:Birlinn
10011:support
9976:Writing
9954:Grammar
9842:History
9547:, p. 19
9242:30 June
9163:(1991)
8332:12 July
8166:"Scots"
8089:29 July
8018:23 June
7948:. SQA.
7917:. SQA.
7733:10 June
7288:23 June
7256:23 June
7067:14 June
6433:30 July
5955:slĂĄinte
5947:slĂ inte
5826:codladh
5800:branch"
5404:letters
5402:has 18
5339:overdot
5271:Pictish
5220:Fernaig
5022:English
5004:in the
4967:-igeadh
4832:Gaelic
4768:DimĂ irt
4762:Diluain
4724:Lexicon
4686:bithidh
4629:numbers
4622:persons
4579:na mara
4573:am muir
4530:Grammar
4482:liquids
4478:palatal
4249:Aonghas
4241:Evander
4233:Torquil
4190:Torcuil
4178:Raonull
4166:ĂĂłrmóðr
4151:( <
4136:Dorothy
4117:Oighrig
4105:PĂ draig
4090:(Ann),
4063:Uilleam
3985:have a
3955:have a
3849:Ontario
3781:Glasgow
3482:MG Alba
3464:Freesat
3384:Ontario
3260:Ratagan
3249:RĂ tagan
3203:Signage
3145:updated
2913:In the
2805:Lismore
2781:Kilmuir
2761:Glasgow
2675:—
2672:—
2649:—
2646:—
2623:—
2620:—
2597:—
2594:—
2571:—
2568:—
2476:136,135
2470:129,419
2450:158,779
2444:148,950
2424:192,398
2418:183,998
2398:230,806
2392:202,700
2372:254,415
2366:210,677
2346:231,594
2341:Unknown
2336:Unknown
2322:297,823
2317:Unknown
2312:Unknown
2298:289,798
2293:Unknown
2288:Unknown
2209:Rathlin
2138:Iolaire
2063:English
2051:Rannoch
1910:David I
1872:Decline
1820:by the
1818:Lothian
1807:Pictish
1785:Pictish
1724:Cumbric
1661:Origins
1646:History
1633:Scottis
1621:Scottis
1584:Gaeilge
1542:English
1429:In the
1424:Ireland
1375:, is a
1346:endonym
1225:Thistle
1197:Symbols
1118:Curling
1039:Keening
957:May Day
905:Cuisine
858:Saining
801:Pictish
670:Kingdom
635:History
589:Unicode
347:Deeside
101:scholar
12839:Shelta
12736:Norman
12475:Ulster
12467:, and
12452:Laigin
12448:, etc)
12434:Ărainn
12415:, etc)
12251:Am Mòd
12231:FĂĄinne
12213:&
11985:Portal
11822:Actors
11809:People
11752:Comedy
11723:tartan
11701:anthem
11517:Whisky
11329:Courts
11242:Cities
11009:Modern
10805:(Manx)
10722:Shelta
10674:Italic
10472:Breton
10218:Topics
10074:(past)
9702:
9671:
9654:
9635:
9627:
9543:
9522:
9427:
9417:
9265:
9228:
9201:
9172:
8816:8 June
8769:
8445:9 June
8238:
8203:
7653:
7609:
7574:
7564:
7534:
7526:
7436:
7428:
7374:
7318:20 May
7193:7 June
7165:7 June
7126:
7023:
6855:
6826:
6779:
6740:
6688:
6570:
6527:
6502:
6477:
6372:7 July
6254:20 May
6224:21 May
6210:"Home"
6194:21 May
5963:slaynt
5840:cadley
5832:codail
5807:billey
5795:craobh
5769:craobh
5720:moddey
5704:gadhar
5692:madadh
5684:gadhar
5677:madadh
5444:(e.g.
5155:brògan
5133:silent
5088:vowels
5044:) and
5041:gleann
4985:igeadh
4976:watch
4922:, the
4907:shrub
4884:srath
4872:srath
4844:Irish
4807:mynydd
4801:monadh
4795:dĂŹleab
4742:French
4730:Celtic
4647:aspect
4636:voices
4620:Three
4490:trills
4486:nasals
4416:buidhe
4399:(Dow,
4295:MhĂ iri
4277:Seumas
4267:Mhairi
4261:Hamish
4229:Ranald
4225:Ronald
4221:Norman
4213:Sorley
4202:Ăomhar
4193:(<
4181:(<
4163:(<
4160:Tormod
4099:Seumas
3949:Harris
3920:Church
3874:, the
3831:Canada
3757:0.69%
3746:0.66%
3735:0.63%
3724:0.58%
3713:0.57%
3702:0.54%
3691:0.53%
3680:0.44%
3669:0.43%
3658:0.44%
3647:0.39%
3636:0.39%
3625:0.40%
3614:0.38%
3603:0.36%
3592:0.35%
3577:of all
3393:, the
3297:Canada
3071:, the
2919:Affect
2867:Orkney
2824:Barvas
2797:Raasay
2684:69,701
2678:69,701
2658:57,602
2652:57,602
2632:58,652
2626:58,652
2606:65,978
2600:65,978
2580:82,620
2574:82,620
2554:88,892
2548:88,415
2528:80,978
2522:80,004
2502:95,447
2496:93,269
2386:28,106
2360:43,738
2325:18.5%
2301:22.9%
2258:Gaelic
2228:Status
2193:Argyll
2104:
2098:
2092:
2073:
1987:Inglis
1971:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1860:, the
1827:Scotia
1760:Argyll
1722:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1698:Gaelic
1696:
1694:
1681:, and
1615:Inglis
1600:, the
1454:Canada
1417:common
1381:Celtic
1373:Gaelic
1230:Tartan
1158:Shinty
1133:Hailes
1091:Cinema
948:Imbolc
833:Hackle
768:People
755:Modern
608:on the
553:50-AAA
447:Canada
387:others
325:Argyll
262:Celtic
198:Region
192:Canada
155:Gaelic
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
12903:Wales
12860:Irish
12782:Welsh
12765:Scots
12726:Irish
12606:Celts
12457:Ulaid
12423:DĂŠisi
12362:Kings
12349:Irish
12341:Clans
12322:Irish
12266:TĂşath
12157:Ogham
12027:Gaels
11933:Islam
11794:Scots
11711:flags
11686:Sport
11651:Music
11577:Clans
11477:Media
11133:Munro
11108:Glens
11076:Lochs
11056:Flora
11051:Fauna
10785:Diwan
10709:Mixed
10565:Irish
10502:Welsh
10415:Noric
10246:Music
10241:Names
10173:Acair
10089:Media
9602:9 May
9572:9 May
9510:(PDF)
9503:(PDF)
9080:(PDF)
9073:(PDF)
8388:2 May
8264:(PDF)
8257:(PDF)
8083:(PDF)
8072:(PDF)
7870:(PDF)
7863:(PDF)
7532:S2CID
7434:S2CID
7184:(PDF)
6984:(PDF)
6977:(PDF)
6953:Ăigse
6568:S2CID
5997:Irish
5873:head
5867:kione
5859:ceann
5852:ceann
5819:cadal
5812:tree
5787:crann
5776:crann
5757:grian
5750:grian
5743:grian
5731:hound
5698:madra
5663:fish
5658:eeast
5632:mooar
5537:Irish
5418:of a
5248:Ogham
5242:Ogham
5054:Irish
5035:beinn
4962:Lewis
4957:-eadh
4932:Latin
4928:Greek
4858:llys
4852:lios
4813:preas
4738:Latin
4643:tense
4495:doras
4421:Bowie
4390:ruadh
4289:MĂ iri
4208:Ăvarr
4111:Tòmas
4093:MĂ iri
4033:Names
3983:Barra
3945:Lewis
3754:4,849
3743:4,631
3732:4,343
3721:3,965
3710:3,892
3699:3,660
3688:3,583
3677:2,953
3666:2,871
3655:2,929
3644:2,647
3633:2,638
3622:2,766
3611:2,601
3600:2,535
3589:2,480
3501:TeleG
3428:Media
3231:Rodel
2974:Welsh
2930:Usage
2899:Sleat
2863:Moray
2828:Lewis
2813:Islay
2793:Tiree
2687:1.3%
2661:1.1%
2635:1.2%
2609:1.4%
2583:1.6%
2557:1.7%
2531:1.5%
2505:1.9%
2490:2,178
2479:3.0%
2464:6,716
2453:3.5%
2438:9,829
2427:4.2%
2412:8,400
2401:5.1%
2375:6.3%
2349:6.1%
2207:, on
2199:(the
2067:Scots
2043:Bible
1983:Scots
1964:Scots
1836:. In
1742:baile
1598:Scots
1590:Gaelg
1397:Irish
1389:Gaels
1105:Sport
1081:Radio
1073:Media
1049:Opera
1002:Music
873:Skalk
423:Ogham
407:Latin
373:Lewis
329:Arran
223:Gaels
108:JSTOR
94:books
12821:Norn
12731:Manx
12617:and
12497:List
12389:List
12327:Manx
12215:Manx
12066:Alba
11813:list
11333:List
10606:Manx
10251:The
10190:CLĂR
10104:DĂ na
9787:DASG
9700:ISBN
9669:ISBN
9652:ISBN
9633:ISBN
9625:ISBN
9604:2022
9574:2022
9541:ISBN
9518:2018
9485:2022
9455:link
9441:2023
9425:OCLC
9415:ISBN
9395:2023
9365:2023
9335:2007
9300:2017
9263:ISBN
9244:2019
9226:ISBN
9199:ISBN
9170:ISBN
9145:2017
9118:2017
9088:2017
9049:2017
9023:2008
8992:2018
8961:2015
8935:2020
8905:2019
8878:2019
8848:2019
8818:2011
8767:ISBN
8592:2014
8475:2023
8447:2020
8416:2021
8390:2018
8360:2014
8334:2018
8272:2019
8236:ISBN
8201:ISBN
8178:2006
8151:2017
8121:2011
8091:2021
8052:2009
8020:2024
7988:2017
7958:2017
7927:2017
7878:2014
7846:2013
7803:2022
7735:2024
7710:2022
7667:2022
7651:ISSN
7607:ISBN
7588:2022
7572:OCLC
7562:ISBN
7524:ISSN
7480:2022
7450:2022
7426:ISSN
7390:2022
7372:ISBN
7320:2019
7290:2014
7258:2014
7195:2024
7167:2024
7142:2017
7124:ISBN
7100:2017
7069:2017
7039:2020
7021:ISBN
6992:2016
6938:2019
6912:2022
6853:ISBN
6824:ISBN
6777:ISBN
6738:ISBN
6686:ISBN
6584:2019
6525:ISBN
6500:ISBN
6475:ISBN
6435:2020
6404:2018
6374:2024
6349:2021
6319:2020
6286:2023
6256:2019
6226:2024
6196:2024
6166:2017
6136:2021
6110:2021
5780:mast
5762:sun
5736:dog
5651:iasc
5644:iasg
5637:big
5610:one
5597:nane
5570:shin
5561:sinn
5553:sinn
5310:The
5257:and
5246:The
5149:bròg
5048:loch
5020:and
4979:eadh
4944:and
4904:tom
4892:tom
4819:prys
4755:and
4680:bidh
4651:mood
4649:and
4634:Two
4627:Two
4593:and
4555:and
4488:and
4411:Dunn
4406:donn
4401:Duff
4396:dubh
4385:Bain
4239:(or
4237:Iver
4235:and
4087:Anna
4051:Iain
4025:and
3993:and
3981:and
3973:and
3951:and
3934:Ness
3892:The
3878:and
3817:beta
3792:The
3751:2020
3740:2019
3729:2018
3718:2017
3707:2016
3696:2015
3685:2014
3674:2013
3663:2012
3652:2011
3641:2010
3630:2009
3619:2008
3608:2007
3597:2006
3586:2005
3563:Year
3470:and
3438:The
3284:The
3118:mods
3098:The
3027:Bòrd
3015:BnG.
2801:Skye
2785:Skye
2727:The
2681:1.3%
2666:2022
2655:1.1%
2640:2011
2629:1.2%
2614:2001
2603:1.4%
2588:1991
2577:1.6%
2562:1981
2551:1.7%
2536:1971
2525:1.5%
2510:1961
2499:1.8%
2493:0.1%
2484:1951
2473:2.8%
2467:0.2%
2458:1931
2447:3.3%
2441:0.2%
2432:1921
2421:3.9%
2415:0.2%
2406:1911
2395:4.5%
2389:0.6%
2380:1901
2369:5.2%
2363:1.1%
2354:1891
2330:1881
2306:1800
2282:1755
2265:Year
2234:The
2191:and
2166:The
2156:1921
2154:and
2152:1911
2135:HMY
2121:The
2033:The
2017:The
1973:Norn
1895:Iona
1737:bal-
1654:and
1639:Erse
1627:Erse
1578:-lik
1499:Name
1401:Manx
1399:and
1205:Flag
1113:Golf
1004:and
896:and
806:Norn
80:news
11572:Art
11316:Law
10255:Mòd
9712:",
9106:BBC
7694:doi
7643:doi
7516:doi
7418:doi
7364:doi
7013:doi
6715:doi
6558:doi
5727:coo
5624:mĂłr
5617:mòr
5589:aon
5582:aon
5575:we
5345:of
5283:mab
5279:mac
5138:-an
4988:")
4930:or
4753:Old
4674:tha
4582:).
4380:bĂ n
4341:nic
4329:nic
4310:mac
4243:).
4227:or
4219:),
4199:),
4187:),
4175:or
4169:),
4157:),
3912:'s
3866:In
3514:ITV
3468:Sky
3440:BBC
3414:Mòd
3389:In
3262:or
3252:or
2542:477
2516:974
2242:".
2218:lĚŞË
2216:l (
2049:of
1593:).
1576:GAY
1540:in
1537:-ik
1535:GAL
1391:of
1341:-ik
1339:GAL
1034:Mod
985:Art
575:IPA
535:ELP
511:gla
494:gla
63:by
12966::
12463:,
12444:,
12440:,
12411:,
12407:,
12403:,
12209:,
12205:,
11349:,
11345:,
9777:â
9650:.
9594:.
9590:.
9564:.
9560:.
9505:.
9475:.
9471:.
9451:}}
9447:{{
9431:.
9423:.
9385:.
9381:.
9355:.
9351:.
9286:.
9234:.
9180:^
9104:.
9057:^
9009:.
8982:.
8978:.
8921:.
8895:.
8864:.
8834:.
8804:.
8761:.
8495:^
8463:.
8437:.
8433:.
8376:.
8324:.
8320:.
8180:.
8141:.
8137:.
8107:.
8074:.
8060:^
8036:.
8004:.
7978:.
7974:.
7944:.
7913:.
7865:.
7832:.
7793:.
7789:.
7778:^
7764:.
7726:.
7700:.
7690:13
7688:.
7684:.
7657:.
7649:.
7639:31
7637:.
7633:.
7621:^
7578:.
7570:.
7544:^
7530:.
7522:.
7512:39
7510:.
7506:.
7488:^
7466:.
7440:.
7432:.
7424:.
7412:.
7398:^
7380:.
7370:.
7358:.
7346:^
7328:^
7306:.
7274:.
7242:.
7186:.
7158:.
7132:.
7090:.
7086:.
7055:.
7029:.
7019:.
7011:.
6957:32
6955:.
6928:.
6902:.
6898:.
6886:^
6878:57
6876:.
6806:^
6752:^
6711:92
6709:.
6668:^
6620:^
6574:.
6566:.
6554:75
6552:.
6548:.
6425:.
6421:.
6390:.
6365:.
6339:.
6335:.
6309:.
6305:.
6294:^
6272:.
6242:.
6216:.
6212:.
6186:.
6182:.
6152:.
6100:.
6096:.
6058:.
6014:^
5782:)
5733:)
5712:cĂş
5687:)
5670:cĂš
5607:)
5604:un
5487:.
5410:.
5406::
5384:.
5322:.
5267:CE
5225:.
5192:.
5128:.
5052:.
4991:an
4964:,
4740:,
4704:bu
4701:,
4698:is
4695:)
4692:is
4677:,
4671:)
4668:bi
4662:is
4656:bi
4645:,
4613:.
4597:.
4589:,
4559:.
4551:,
4484:,
4473:.
4435:.
4362:,
4274::
4231:,
4223:,
4029:.
3963:â
3947:,
3936:,
3847:,
3843:,
3466:,
3462:,
3382:,
3378:,
3327:,
3122:.
2834:,
2826:,
2187:,
1856:,
1677:,
1673:,
1669:,
1557:eÉŞ
1348::
1344:;
1335:,
476:gd
208:,
204:;
190:,
12918::
12687:e
12680:t
12673:v
12621:)
12602:)
12598:(
12471:)
12425:)
12217:)
12201:(
12019:e
12012:t
12005:v
11815:)
11811:(
11488:)
11484:(
11353:)
11341:(
11335:)
11331:(
10861:e
10854:t
10847:v
10700:)
10688:)
10676:)
10595:/
10317:e
10310:t
10303:v
10147:)
10139:(
9826:e
9819:t
9812:v
9757:)
9606:.
9576:.
9520:.
9487:.
9457:)
9443:.
9397:.
9367:.
9337:.
9302:.
9271:.
9246:.
9207:.
9147:.
9120:.
9090:.
9051:.
9025:.
8994:.
8963:.
8937:.
8907:.
8880:.
8850:.
8820:.
8775:.
8594:.
8477:.
8449:.
8418:.
8392:.
8362:.
8336:.
8303:â
8274:.
8242:.
8209:.
8153:.
8123:.
8093:.
8054:.
8022:.
7990:.
7960:.
7929:.
7880:.
7848:.
7805:.
7737:.
7712:.
7696::
7669:.
7645::
7615:.
7590:.
7538:.
7518::
7482:.
7452:.
7420::
7392:.
7366::
7322:.
7292:.
7260:.
7197:.
7169:.
7144:.
7102:.
7071:.
7041:.
7015::
6994:.
6940:.
6914:.
6880:.
6861:.
6832:.
6800:.
6785:.
6746:.
6721:.
6717::
6694:.
6586:.
6560::
6533:.
6508:.
6483:.
6437:.
6406:.
6376:.
6351:.
6321:.
6288:.
6258:.
6228:.
6198:.
6168:.
6138:.
6112:.
6025:.
5999:.
5798:"
5792:(
5773:(
5724:(
5709:(
5680:,
5674:(
5601:(
5436:(
5333:(
5302:(
4816:(
4804:(
4683:/
4419:(
4409:(
4383:(
4205:(
3556:)
3552:(
3157:)
3153:(
2723:.
2081:â
1885:(
1569:/
1566:k
1563:ÉŞ
1560:l
1554:ÉĄ
1551:Ë
1548:/
1528:/
1525:k
1522:ÉŞ
1519:l
1516:ĂŚ
1513:ÉĄ
1510:Ë
1507:/
1331:/
1328:k
1325:ÉŞ
1322:l
1319:ĂŚ
1316:ÉĄ
1313:Ë
1310:/
1306:(
1292:e
1285:t
1278:v
955:/
595:.
413:)
409:(
366:â
358:â
350:â
332:â
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:¡
98:¡
91:¡
84:¡
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.