195:
1058:. As more of the peripheral territories of the Byzantine Empire were lost in the following centuries, such as Sicily, southern Italy and Asia Minor, their Greek-speakers made their own way back to Greece. The re-Hellenization of Greece by population transfers and cultural activities of the Church was successful, which suggests that Slavs found themselves in the midst of many Greeks. It is doubtful that such large number could have been transplanted into Greece in the 9th century; surely many Greeks had remained in Greece and continued to speak Greek throughout the period of Slavic occupation. The success of re-Hellenization also suggests the number of Slavs in Greece was far smaller than those found in the former Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. For example, Bulgaria could not be re-Hellenized when Byzantine administration was established over the Bulgars in 1018 to last for well over a century, until 1186.
383:
623:
399:
391:
499:), the first Slavic chieftain recorded by name, was sent an Avar embassy requesting his Slavs to accept Avar suzerainty and pay tribute, because the Avars knew that the Slavs had amassed great wealth after repeatedly plundering the Balkans. Daurentius reportedly retorted that "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs so it shall always be for us", and had the envoys slain. The Avar khagan
947:, a prominent linguist and Indo-Europeanist, complements late medieval historical accounts by listing 429 Slavic toponyms from the Peloponnese alone. The extent that the presence of the toponyms reflects compact Slavic settlement is a matter of some debate and might represent an accumulative strata of toponyms, rather than being attributed to the earliest settlement phase.
715:. In 681, the Byzantines were compelled to sign a humiliating peace treaty, forcing them to acknowledge Bulgaria as an independent state, to cede the territories to the north of the Balkan Mountains and to pay an annual tribute. The relations between the Bulgars and the local Slavs is a matter of debate depending on the interpretation of the Byzantine sources.
314:) was used for Slav tribes in Byzantine Macedonia and the Peloponnese; these Slavic territories were initially outside of Byzantine control. By 800, however, the term also referred specifically to Slavic mobile military colonists who settled as allies within the territories of the Byzantine Empire. Slavic military settlements appeared in the
42:
35:
951:
Greek population since some Greek villages continued to exist in the interior, probably governed themselves and possibly paid tribute to the Slavs. Some villages were probably mixed, and quite possibly, some degree of
Hellenization of the Slavs by the Greeks of the Peloponnese had already begun during this period, before re-
503:
then campaigned (in 578) against
Daurentius' people, with aid from the Byzantines, and set fire to many of their settlements, although this did not stop the Slavic raids deep into the Byzantine Empire. In 578, a large army of Sclaveni devastated Thrace and other areas. In the 580s, the Romans bribed
950:
Relations between the Slavs and the Greeks were probably peaceful apart from the (supposed) initial settlement and intermittent uprisings. Being agriculturalists, the Slavs probably traded with the Greeks inside towns. Furthermore, the Slavs surely did not occupy the whole interior or eliminate the
719:
asserts that they concluded a treaty, but most historians agree that they were subjugated. The
Bulgars were superior organisationally and militarily and came to dominate politically the new state, but there was cooperation between them and the Slavs for the protection of the country. The Slavs were
1021:
was created. According to the
Chronicle of Monemvasia the Byzantine governor of Corinth went in 805 to war with the Slavs, obliterated them and allowed the original inhabitants to claim their own. The city of Patras was recovered and the region resettled with Greeks. In the 9th century, new themes
163:
forests, lakes and marshes as they were hard to attack, with exits in many directions for escape. They farmed many crops, especially millet, but also had livestock of many sorts. Maurice praises their toleration of discomfort when necessary, and the loyalty of married women to their husbands. The
1053:
Apart from military expeditions against Slavs, the re-Hellenization process begun under
Nicephorus I involved (often forcible) transfer of peoples. Many Slavs were moved to other parts of the empire, such as Anatolia, and made to serve in the military. In return, many Greeks from Sicily and Asia
891:
by a coalition of
Rynchinoi, Sagoudatai, Drougoubitai and Stroumanoi attacked. This time, the Belegezites, also known as the Velegeziti, did not participate and in fact supplied the besieged citizens of Thessaloniki with grain. It seems that the Slavs settled on places of earlier settlements and
179:
The Antes and
Sclaveni were skilled warriors, especially in guerrilla warfare, taking advantage of terrain. They preferred to fight in dense woodland instead of pitch battle, although field battles and sieges were also recorded. Their weapons were javelins, spears, bows nocked with poison tipped
162:
Maurice writes that the Slavs were very hospitable people. Tribes that mistreated guests were attacked for their dishonour. Prisoners were not kept forever and after a certain period of time, captives were allowed to be let loose or to join the community. Settlements were built in hard to reach
462:. The two tribes were at peace by 545. The Antes are last mentioned as anti-Byzantine belligerents in 545, and the Sclaveni continued to raid the Balkans. Between 545 and 549, the Sclaveni raided deep into Roman territory. In the summer of 550, the Sclaveni came close to
536:, leaving only the east part of Peloponnese, which was mountainous and inaccessible. In 586 AD, as many as 100,000 Slav warriors raided Thessaloniki. The final attempt to restore the Romans' northern border occurred between 591 and 605, when the end of conflicts with
933:, speaks of Slavs overrunning the western Peloponnese but of the eastern Peloponnese, together with Athens, remaining in Byzantine hands throughout the period. However, such sources are far from ideal, and their reliability is debated. For example, the Byzantinist
457:
noted that the two "became hostile to one another and engaged in battle" until a
Sclavene victory resulted. The conflict was likely aided or initiated by the Byzantines. The Romans also recruited mounted mercenaries from both tribes to fight against the
512:
noted in 581: "the accursed people of the Slavs set out and plundered all of Greece, the regions surrounding
Thessalonica, and Thrace, taking many towns and castles, laying waste, burning, pillaging, and seizing the whole country." According to
194:
158:
The
Sclaveni had similar if not identical customs and culture to the Antes. They were carefully described by chroniclers such as Procopius and Maurice, whose works contribute greatly to our understanding of these two Early Slavic peoples.
1065:, which would serve as the northern border of the Byzantine Empire until 1018, although independent Slavic villages remained. As the Slavs supposedly occupied the entire Balkan interior, Constantinople was effectively cut off from the
517:, John exaggerated the intensity of the Slavic incursions since he was influenced by his confinement in Constantinople from 571 up until 579, moreover, he perceived the Slavs as God's instrument for punishing the persecutors of the
1038:. From those themes, Byzantine laws and culture flowed into the interior. By the late 9th century, most of Greece was culturally and administratively Greek again except for a few small Slavic tribes in the mountains such as the
507:
By the 580s, as the Slav communities on the Danube became larger and more organised, and as the Avars exerted their influence, "barbarian" raids into the Byzantine Empire became larger and resulted in permanent settlement.
2399:
A Rough and Rocky Place: The Landscape and Settlement History of the Methana Peninsula, Greece: Results of the Methana Survey Project, sponsored by the British School at Athens and the University of Liverpool
1054:
Minor were brought to the interior of Greece to increase the number of defenders at the Emperor's disposal and to dilute the concentration of Slavs. Even non-Greeks were transferred to the Balkans, such as
426:
was recorded by Procopius (writing in the mid-6th century CE), who mentions an attack of the Antes, "who dwell close to the Sclaveni", probably in 518. In the 530s, Emperor Justinian seems to have used
984:. Subduing the Slavs in the themes was simply a matter of accommodating the needs of the Slavic elites and providing them with incentives for their inclusion into the imperial administration.
1001:). However, it is not known whether any territory was restored to imperial authority as result of the campaign although it is likely that some was. Sometime between 790 and 802, the
540:
allowed Emperor Maurice to transfer units to the north. However he was deposed after a military revolt in 602, and the Danubian frontier collapsed one and a half decades later (see
691:
was the first state that the empire recognised in the Balkans and the first time it legally surrendered claims to part of its Balkan dominions. In 680 the Byzantine Emperor
732:
were resettled in the eastern Balkan Mountains to guard the passes to the Byzantine Empire. The number of Asparuh's Bulgars is difficult to estimate. Vasil Zlatarski and
449:. Sometime between 533–34 and 545 (probably before the 539–40 Hun or Bulgar-Hun invasion of the Byzantine Empire), there was a conflict between the Antes and Sclaveni in
169:
noted that the Antes and Sclaveni were independent, refusing to be governed or enslaved. They lived under democracy, with all matters being referred to the people.
887:. The siege was broken, which had repercussions for the power and the prestige of the Avar khanate. Slavic pressure on Thessaloniki ebbed after 617/618, until the
720:
allowed to retain their chiefs, to abide to their customs and in return they were to pay tribute in kind and to provide foot soldiers for the army. The
668:, a powerful tribe near Thessaloniki, planned a siege on Thessaloniki but was imprisoned and eventually executed after escaping prison; the Rhynchinoi,
346:
941:
to be a reliable account, but other scholars point out that it greatly overstates the impact of the Slavic and Avar raids of Greece during this time.
486:
arrived on the Black Sea steppe, and defeated the Antes between the Dnieper and Dniester. The Avars subsequently allied themselves with the Sclaveni.
215:
972:. As the Byzantine Empire recovered, the system was imposed on all areas that came under Byzantine control. The first Balkan theme was created in
202:
The Byzantines broadly grouped the numerous Slav tribes living in proximity with the Eastern Roman Empire into two groups: the Sklavenoi and the
2075:
Bintliff, J.L. (2003). "The ethnoarchaeology of a 'passive' ethnicity: The Arvanites of Central Greece.". In Brown, K.S.; Hamilakis, Y. (eds.).
1073:
because of its ability to maintain contact by sea, but it too was troubled by Slavic pirates. Additionally, Constantinople was cut off from
2737:
1022:
continued to arise although many were small and were carved out of original larger themes. New themes in the 9th century included those of
703:, led an expedition at the head of a huge army and fleet to drive off the Bulgars but suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of Asparuh
811:
493:
342:
958:
When the Byzantines were not fighting in their eastern territories, they slowly regained imperial control. That was achieved through its
991:
campaigned from Thessaloniki, south to Thessaly and into the Peloponnese. He captured many Slavs and transferred them elsewhere, mostly
34:
896:. The process was stimulated by the conversion of the Slavic tribes to orthodox Christianity on the Balkans during the same period.
707:, a swampy region in or around the Danube Delta where the Bulgars had set a fortified camp. The Bulgars advanced south, crossed the
2877:
372:
777:) prompted a relocation of Slavs under Bulgar aggression; again in 783. Bulgaria had by 773 cut off the communication route, the
2500:
2470:
2353:
2315:
2265:
2244:
2143:
700:
2290:
566:
In 602, the Avars attacked the Antes; this is the last mention of Antes in historical sources. In 615, during the reign of
49:
888:
681:
144:. The term was widely used as a general catch-all term until the emergence of separate tribal names by the 10th century.
2223:
981:
479:
110:
2623:
2598:
2565:
2528:
2449:
2407:
2377:
2199:
2180:
2117:
2093:
2867:
2730:
471:
793:
learnt of their planned raid. In 783, a large Slavic uprising took place in the Byzantine Empire, stretching from
2701:
2213:
1090:
645:
2872:
2715:
884:
594:
541:
382:
2257:
Byzantium, new peoples, new powers: the Byzantino-Slav contact zone, from the ninth to the fifteenth century
2887:
2678:
2882:
2723:
1077:, which contributed to the growing cultural and political separation between the two centres of European
987:
It was not until 100 years later that a third theme would be established. In 782–784, the eunuch general
872:
843:
586:
434:
Sclaveni are mentioned in the context of the military policy on the Danube frontier of Byzantine Emperor
1098:, medieval Arabic term used for Slavs and other Europeeans, derived from slavos/sklavenos
927:
wrote in the 10th century that "the entire country was Slavonized". Another source for the period, the
2771:
962:, which refers to an administrative province on which an army corps was centred under the control of a
2520:
2166:
733:
475:
445:). In 537, Justinian shipped 1,600 cavalry, made up of mostly Sclaveni and Antes, to Italy to rescue
141:
17:
585:
led the Slavic attack on Thessaloniki that year. The Slavs asked the Avars for aid, resulting in an
2435:
1018:
607:
2811:
929:
750:
in Asia Minor, in an attempt to boost military strength. Most of them however, with their leader
2806:
968:("general"). The theme system first appeared in the early 7th century, during the reign of the
821:, inhabited by Slavs in the interior, at this time, had firm relations with Byzantium. In 799,
755:
688:
561:
355:
165:
2558:
The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs
2301:
2215:
East Rome, Sasanian Persia and the End of Antiquity: Historiographical and Historical Studies
2209:
1066:
657:
415:
841:) mention Slavs raiding areas of Greece in the 580s. According to later sources such as the
2831:
1023:
8:
2816:
2796:
2584:
1027:
988:
807:
721:
553:
2172:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
899:
A number of medieval sources attest to the presence of Slavs in Greece. En route to the
875:
of the Avars and Slavs two years later also failed to take the city. In 626, a combined
2841:
2746:
2132:
2109:
The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700
1062:
1010:
1002:
794:
786:
350:
337:
gives the most detail about the Sclaveni and Antes. The Sclaveni are also mentioned by
1061:
Eventually, the Byzantines recovered the imperial border north all the way to today's
129:); however, they were described as kin. Eventually, most South Slavic tribes accepted
2862:
2826:
2619:
2594:
2561:
2524:
2496:
2466:
2445:
2403:
2373:
2349:
2311:
2286:
2261:
2240:
2219:
2195:
2176:
2139:
2113:
2089:
1070:
1035:
969:
622:
398:
98:
1385:
In the 580s, the Romans bribed the Antes to attack the settlements of the Sclavenes.
2750:
2663:
2510:
997:
708:
653:
419:
189:
130:
106:
2781:
2609:
2588:
2514:
2490:
2460:
2439:
2397:
2367:
2343:
2255:
2234:
2170:
2107:
2065:
1031:
924:
876:
871:
in 614–616. However, that particular event was actually of local significance. A
838:
826:
737:
716:
704:
639:
509:
407:
173:
892:
probably merged later with the local populations of Greek descent to form mixed
2836:
2801:
1047:
977:
973:
934:
736:
suggest that they were not particularly numerous, numbering some 10,000, while
725:
692:
483:
450:
411:
203:
114:
86:
68:
2745:
2396:
Mee, Christopher; Patrick, Michael Atherton; Forbes, Hamish Alexander (1997).
2326:
1069:
under its (nominal) control. Thus, Dalmatia came to have closer ties with the
919:
is interpreted as an indication of a Slavic presence in the hinterland of the
41:
2856:
2548:
2276:
952:
790:
767:
627:
616:
121:), another Slavic group. The Sclaveni were differentiated from the Antes and
2542:. Translated by Moles, Ian. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 6.
2280:
386:
The migration of early Slavs in Europe between the 5th and 10th centuries AD
2363:
2127:
2103:
1014:
959:
868:
848:
743:
677:
612:
518:
514:
467:
431:
policies, and the Sclaveni and Antes are mentioned as fighting each other.
390:
2668:
2655:
601:
in order to transport the 3,000 troops of the allied Sassanids across the
1078:
920:
856:
798:
669:
525:
435:
368:
315:
153:
102:
90:
1006:
944:
912:
908:
860:
665:
489:
459:
446:
319:
172:
The religion of the Sclaveni, like other Slavic tribes and peoples was
137:
126:
118:
619:
could have been part of a second Slavic wave during Heraclius' reign.
466:, and were seen as a great threat, however, their intent of capturing
2766:
2761:
2307:
1055:
964:
904:
900:
852:
803:
729:
673:
661:
602:
590:
567:
557:
454:
334:
298:
254:
240:
226:
207:
74:
740:
considers that the tribe must have been of considerable dimensions.
605:
which the latter had promised the khagan of the Avars. Based on the
198:
Illustration of Sclaveni between the Danube and the Balkan Mountains
2821:
1095:
1043:
1039:
992:
822:
818:
751:
598:
338:
211:
2679:"Sclaveni and Antes. Some Notes on the Peculiarities Between Them"
825:, a Slavic archon, participated in the conspiracy against Empress
402:
Approximate location of South Slavic tribes, per V. V. Sedov, 1995
2776:
1574:
1572:
1570:
880:
864:
782:
635:
631:
582:
500:
463:
134:
94:
652:
in 657–658, "capturing many and subduing", and settled captured
2786:
778:
747:
712:
537:
533:
529:
423:
2155:
Sandy Pylos: An Archaeological History from Nestor to Navarino
1567:
1543:
2590:
Forging unity: The South Slavs between East and West 550-1150
1454:
1324:
1050:
times, such tribes were the exception, rather than the rule.
323:
305:
247:
233:
219:
122:
2702:"Byzantine Sources for History of the Peoples of Yugoslavia"
2540:
Origins of the Greek Nation: The Byzantine Period, 1204–1461
1841:
1442:
1251:
1249:
1247:
724:
were relocated to the west to protect the frontier with the
422:
was identified as Antes. The first Slavic raid south of the
180:
arrows and sturdy wooden shields, but body armour was rare.
2791:
2285:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 524–544.
1348:
1074:
474:. After this, for a year, the Sclaveni spent their time in
1800:
1531:
980:" (or "Helladikoi"), was established, probably in eastern
597:. During the same year of the siege, the Slavs used their
2402:. Liverpool, United Kingdom: Liverpool University Press.
2282:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, c.500–c.700
1865:
1403:
1312:
1244:
1046:. Although they would remain relatively autonomous until
1632:
1584:
1432:
1430:
113:
having appeared at the Byzantine borders along with the
1773:
1725:
1680:
1656:
1336:
1128:
1126:
101:
and eventually became one of the progenitors of modern
1644:
1596:
1555:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1393:
1391:
1290:
1288:
1273:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1953:
1940:
1938:
1925:
1923:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1790:
1788:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1427:
1415:
1167:
1165:
1113:
1111:
2079:. Lanham-Boulder: Lexington Books. pp. 129–144.
1761:
1737:
1123:
478:"as if in their own land". The Sclaveni then raided
2635:
Istoriâ na b"lgarskata d"ržava prez srednite vekove
1692:
1668:
1388:
1372:
1360:
1300:
1285:
1261:
1225:
1150:
1138:
766:Military campaigns in northern Greece in 758 under
593:, Avars and Slavs joined forces and unsuccessfully
2131:
2070:. Vol. 61–62. Academia. 2003. pp. 78–79.
2037:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1965:
1950:
1935:
1920:
1901:
1877:
1853:
1829:
1812:
1785:
1749:
1704:
1620:
1608:
1514:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1162:
1108:
746:(r. 685–695) settled as many as 30,000 Slavs from
2639:History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages
2551:. Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften.
2372:. Crestwood, N.Y.: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press.
2369:Greek East and Latin West: The Church AD 681–1071
2260:. Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica".
2158:. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 215.
1013:). A serious and successful recovery began under
2854:
2395:
2134:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
2083:
1847:
1578:
1549:
2616:South Slavs under the Byzantine Rule (600–1025)
2208:
2086:History of Medieval Bulgaria 7th-14th Centuries
1460:
781:valley, between Serbia and the Byzantines. The
630:, c. 650, showing the early territories of the
140:, and came under their cultural influences and
93:tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the
2611:Јужни Словени под византијском влашћу 600-1025
2345:Byzantium: The Imperial Centuries, AD 610-1071
2327:"The Slavs in the 6th Century North Illyricum"
2254:Kaimakamova, Miliana; Salamon, Maciej (2007).
832:
801:, which was subsequently quelled by Byzantine
2731:
2275:Kobyliński, Zbigniew (2005). "The Slavs". In
2236:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism
611:, it is also theorized that the migration of
418:as Sclaveni archaeological cultures, and the
2537:
2516:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1871:
976:in 680 AD. By 695, a second theme, that of "
2618:]. Belgrade: Историјски институт САНУ.
2579:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2175:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2152:
1806:
329:
286:
278:
270:
262:
60:
2738:
2724:
2708:. Vizantološki institut SANU: 19–51. 1955.
2274:
2194:. Hartford, CT: Harvard University Press.
1409:
1330:
1318:
524:By 586, Slavs managed to raid the western
504:the Antes to attack Sclaveni settlements.
40:
2667:
2632:
2560:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2509:
2488:
2416:
2153:Davis, Jack L.; Alcock, Susan E. (1998).
2138:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2112:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1662:
1638:
1590:
1448:
1132:
955:was completed by the Byzantine emperors.
923:. In reference to the plague of 744–747,
482:and returned home with booty. In 558 the
2676:
2660:Zbornik Matice Srpske Za Drustvene Nauke
2607:
2425:
2232:
2074:
2064:
1895:
1779:
1731:
1686:
1650:
1255:
1144:
680:made common cause, rose up and laid the
621:
397:
394:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe
389:
381:
373:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe
193:
2574:
2479:
2428:A History of the First Bulgarian Empire
2386:
2341:
1561:
1537:
1496:
1484:
1421:
1117:
410:(born 1953) identified the 6th-century
14:
2855:
2555:
2546:
2192:The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History
1859:
1674:
206:. The Sclaveni were called as such by
52:Personification of "Sclavinia", 990 AD
2719:
2653:
2362:
2342:Jenkins, Romilly James Heald (1987).
2299:
2126:
2102:
1929:
1767:
1743:
1508:
1472:
1397:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1306:
1294:
1279:
1267:
1238:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1156:
837:Byzantine literary accounts (such as
577:), the whole Balkans was regarded as
470:and the surroundings was thwarted by
2189:
2165:
2077:The Usable Past. Greek Metahistories
2048:
2031:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1959:
1944:
1914:
1883:
1835:
1823:
1794:
1755:
1719:
1698:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1525:
1436:
915:". This particular passage from the
581:– inhabited or controlled by Slavs.
2538:Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1970).
2331:Гласник Српског археолошког друштва
2084:Bozhilov, I.; Gyuzelev, V. (1999).
656:; in 664–65, 5,000 of these joined
24:
2647:
2480:Stratos, Andreas Nikolaou (1975).
2459:Stratos, Andreas Nikolaou (1968).
25:
2899:
2694:
2577:The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025
2465:. Vol. 2. Adolf M. Hakkert.
2444:. Vol. 1. Adolf M. Hakkert.
2492:Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081
2484:. Vol. 3. Adolf M. Hakkert.
2482:Byzantium in the Seventh Century
2462:Byzantium in the Seventh Century
2441:Byzantium in the Seventh Century
82:
33:
2878:Medieval history of the Balkans
2348:. University of Toronto Press.
2088:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Anubis.
889:Siege of Thessalonica (676–678)
772:
754:, deserted to the Arabs at the
572:
440:
105:. They were mentioned by early
2303:Europe's Barbarians AD 200-600
1848:Mee, Patrick & Forbes 1997
1091:List of medieval Slavic tribes
761:
547:
377:
183:
13:
1:
2662:(in Serbian) (149): 941–947.
2656:"Were the Sclavinias states?"
2495:. Stanford University Press.
1102:
2633:Zlatarski, Vasil N. (1970).
2549:"Die Slaven in Griechenland"
2233:Hupchick, Dennis P. (2004).
1579:Bozhilov & Gyuzelev 1999
1550:Bozhilov & Gyuzelev 1999
894:Byzantine-Slavic communities
299:
255:
241:
227:
75:
7:
2677:Kardaras, Georgios (2018).
2593:. Belgrade: Čigoja štampa.
2218:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
1084:
844:Miracles of Saint Demetrius
833:Relationship with Byzantium
10:
2904:
2489:Treadgold, Warren (1998).
2057:
699:668–685), having recently
551:
542:Maurice's Balkan campaigns
366:
362:
306:
296:). The derived Greek term
248:
234:
220:
187:
151:
147:
2757:
2521:Stanford University Press
2436:Stratos, Andreas Nikolaou
2426:Runciman, Steven (1930).
995:(these Slavs were dubbed
734:John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.
684:for two years (676–678).
142:Chalcedonian Christianity
2641:]. Nauka i izkustvo.
2608:Živković, Tibor (2002).
2519:. Stanford, California:
2325:Janković, Đorđe (2004).
2190:Fine, John V.A. (1983).
1019:theme of the Peloponnese
1011:modern geographic entity
1005:was created, centred on
608:De Administrando Imperio
330:Byzantine historiography
2868:Greek words and phrases
2749:established around the
1807:Davis & Alcock 1998
1017:(802–811). In 805, the
939:Chronicle of Monemvasia
930:Chronicle of Monemvasia
885:besieged Constantinople
664:, the chieftain of the
595:besieged Constantinople
2575:Whittow, Mark (1996).
2556:Vlasto, A. P. (1970).
2389:Strategikon of Maurice
2300:James, Edward (2014).
2239:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2210:Howard-Johnston, J. D.
1357:, pp. 91–92, 315.
756:Battle of Sebastopolis
689:First Bulgarian Empire
642:
562:First Bulgarian Empire
403:
395:
387:
311:
287:
279:
271:
263:
199:
61:
2669:10.2298/ZMSDN1449941D
2654:Đekić, Đorđe (2014).
2430:. G. Bell & Sons.
1067:Dalmatian city-states
907:"reached the city of
682:Siege to Thessaloniki
658:Abdulreman ibn Khalid
625:
416:Sukow-Dziedzice group
401:
393:
385:
197:
2873:South Slavic history
2807:Kingdom of the Aurès
2767:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
2547:Vasmer, Max (1941).
2167:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
1461:Howard-Johnston 2006
359:(late 6th c.), etc.
2888:South Slavic tribes
2817:Ostrogothic kingdom
1540:, pp. 270–271.
1451:, pp. 297–299.
1063:region of Macedonia
722:Seven Slavic tribes
654:Slavs in Asia Minor
554:Seven Slavic tribes
210:, and as Sclavi by
27:Early Slavic tribes
2883:Barbarian kingdoms
2842:Visigothic kingdom
2802:Kingdom of Odoacer
2772:Burgundian kingdom
2762:Alamannian kingdom
2747:Barbarian kingdoms
2417:Procopius (550s).
1605:, pp. 67, 69.
1345:, pp. 47, 91.
1333:, p. 537–539.
1003:theme of Macedonia
701:defeated the Arabs
643:
587:unsuccessful siege
429:divide and conquer
404:
396:
388:
353:(mid-6th c.), the
351:Menander Protector
200:
2850:
2849:
2827:Sub-Roman Britain
2797:Kingdom of Altava
2683:Slavia Orientalis
2511:Treadgold, Warren
2502:978-0-8047-3163-8
2472:978-0-902565-78-4
2355:978-0-8020-6667-1
2317:978-1-317-86825-5
2267:978-83-88737-83-1
2246:978-1-4039-6417-5
2145:978-0-521-81539-0
1991:, pp. 79–83.
1872:Vacalopoulos 1970
1511:, pp. 96–97.
1282:, pp. 84–85.
1258:, pp. 78–79.
1071:Italian Peninsula
970:Emperor Heraclius
911:, in the land of
99:Early Middle Ages
16:(Redirected from
2895:
2777:Frankish kingdom
2751:Migration Period
2740:
2733:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2690:
2673:
2671:
2642:
2629:
2604:
2580:
2571:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2506:
2485:
2476:
2455:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2392:
2387:Maurice (500s).
2383:
2359:
2338:
2321:
2296:
2292:978-1-13905393-8
2271:
2250:
2229:
2205:
2186:
2160:
2149:
2137:
2123:
2099:
2080:
2071:
2067:Byzantinoslavica
2052:
2046:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1475:, p. 64–66.
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1439:, p. 41–44.
1434:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1242:
1236:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1115:
816:
813:
789:, after Emperor
776:
774:
709:Balkan Mountains
698:
576:
574:
498:
495:
444:
442:
420:Penkovka culture
347:Pseudo-Caesarius
344:
309:
308:
302:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
251:
250:
244:
237:
236:
230:
223:
222:
190:Slavs (ethnonym)
78:
64:
44:
37:
21:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2832:Suebian kingdom
2812:Lombard kingdom
2782:Frisian kingdom
2753:
2744:
2711:(Public Domain)
2710:
2700:
2697:
2650:
2648:Further reading
2645:
2626:
2601:
2585:Živković, Tibor
2583:
2568:
2531:
2503:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2434:
2419:History of Wars
2410:
2380:
2356:
2324:
2318:
2293:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2226:
2202:
2183:
2146:
2120:
2096:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2038:
2030:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1786:
1782:, pp. 142.
1778:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1705:
1701:, pp. –77.
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1410:Kobyliński 2005
1408:
1404:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1331:Kobyliński 2005
1329:
1325:
1319:Kobyliński 2005
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1245:
1237:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1087:
925:Constantine VII
917:Vita Willibaldi
873:combined effort
839:John of Ephesus
835:
827:Irene of Athens
814:
787:defeated in 774
771:
764:
738:Steven Runciman
717:Vasil Zlatarski
696:
589:(617). In 626,
571:
564:
552:Main articles:
550:
510:John of Ephesus
496:
439:
408:Michel Kazanski
380:
375:
365:
332:
192:
186:
174:Slavic paganism
156:
150:
109:chroniclers as
55:
54:
53:
51:
46:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2837:Vandal kingdom
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:Rugian kingdom
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2706:Zbornik Radova
2696:
2695:External links
2693:
2692:
2691:
2674:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2630:
2624:
2605:
2599:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2529:
2507:
2501:
2486:
2477:
2471:
2456:
2450:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2360:
2354:
2339:
2322:
2316:
2297:
2291:
2277:Fouracre, Paul
2272:
2266:
2251:
2245:
2230:
2225:978-0860789925
2224:
2206:
2200:
2187:
2181:
2163:
2150:
2144:
2124:
2118:
2100:
2094:
2081:
2072:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2036:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1964:
1949:
1934:
1919:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1811:
1809:, p. 215.
1799:
1784:
1772:
1770:, p. 108.
1760:
1748:
1746:, p. 110.
1736:
1734:, p. 218.
1724:
1703:
1691:
1689:, p. 230.
1679:
1667:
1663:Treadgold 1998
1655:
1643:
1641:, p. 188.
1639:Zlatarski 1970
1631:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1593:, p. 198.
1591:Zlatarski 1970
1583:
1566:
1564:, p. 271.
1554:
1542:
1530:
1513:
1501:
1499:, p. 234.
1489:
1487:, p. 165.
1477:
1465:
1453:
1449:Treadgold 1997
1441:
1426:
1414:
1412:, p. 539.
1402:
1387:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1321:, p. 536.
1311:
1299:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1243:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1161:
1159:, p. 171.
1149:
1137:
1133:Procopius 550s
1122:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1083:
982:central Greece
935:Peter Charanis
883:and Slav army
867:laid siege to
834:
831:
815: 781–800
775: 741–775
763:
760:
726:Avar Khaganate
693:Constantine IV
575: 610–641
549:
546:
497: 577–579
451:Eastern Europe
443: 527–565
412:Prague culture
379:
376:
364:
361:
331:
328:
216:Pseudo-Maurice
185:
182:
149:
146:
48:
47:
39:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2900:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:Hunnic empire
2790:
2788:
2787:Gepid kingdom
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2689:(3): 377–393.
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2625:9788677430276
2621:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2600:9788675585732
2596:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2567:9780521074599
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2530:0-8047-2630-2
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2451:9789025607487
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2409:9780853237419
2405:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2379:9780881413205
2375:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2364:Louth, Andrew
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2201:9780674033146
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2182:0-472-08149-7
2178:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:Curta, Florin
2125:
2121:
2119:9781139428880
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:Curta, Florin
2101:
2097:
2095:954-426-204-0
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2051:, p. 65.
2050:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2034:, p. 64.
2033:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2015:, p. 66.
2014:
2009:
2003:, p. 81.
2002:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1979:, p. 83.
1978:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1962:, p. 82.
1961:
1956:
1954:
1947:, p. 80.
1946:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1917:, p. 70.
1916:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1896:Hupchick 2004
1892:
1886:, p. 63.
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1838:, p. 62.
1837:
1832:
1826:, p. 61.
1825:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1797:, p. 62.
1796:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:Bintliff 2003
1776:
1769:
1764:
1758:, p. 41.
1757:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1733:
1732:Živković 2002
1728:
1722:, p. 79.
1721:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1687:Živković 2002
1683:
1676:
1671:
1665:, p. 26.
1664:
1659:
1653:, p. 28.
1652:
1651:Runciman 1930
1647:
1640:
1635:
1629:, p. 68.
1628:
1623:
1617:, p. 69.
1616:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1581:, p. 91.
1580:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1552:, p. 92.
1551:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1528:, p. 67.
1527:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1463:, p. 33.
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1424:, p. 45.
1423:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1400:, p. 48.
1399:
1394:
1392:
1380:
1375:
1369:, p. 91.
1368:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1309:, p. 87.
1308:
1303:
1297:, p. 86.
1296:
1291:
1289:
1281:
1276:
1270:, p. 79.
1269:
1264:
1257:
1256:Academia 2003
1252:
1250:
1248:
1241:, p. 78.
1240:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1222:, p. 76.
1221:
1216:
1210:, p. 97.
1209:
1204:
1198:, p. 75.
1197:
1192:
1186:, p. 95.
1185:
1180:
1174:, p. 96.
1173:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1145:Hupchick 2004
1141:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:(east of the
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
966:
961:
956:
954:
953:Hellenization
948:
946:
942:
940:
937:believes the
936:
932:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
840:
830:
828:
824:
820:
809:
806:
805:
800:
796:
792:
791:Constantine V
788:
784:
780:
769:
768:Constantine V
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Pontic steppe
624:
620:
618:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
569:
563:
559:
555:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
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520:
516:
511:
505:
502:
491:
487:
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481:
477:
473:
469:
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448:
437:
432:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
400:
392:
384:
374:
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360:
358:
357:
352:
348:
340:
336:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
303:
301:
295:
291:
289:
283:
281:
275:
273:
267:
265:
259:
257:
245:
243:
231:
229:
217:
213:
209:
205:
196:
191:
181:
177:
175:
170:
168:
167:
160:
155:
145:
143:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:various forms
80:
79:
77:
70:
66:
65:
63:
50:
43:
36:
19:
2705:
2686:
2682:
2659:
2638:
2634:
2615:
2610:
2589:
2576:
2557:
2539:
2515:
2491:
2481:
2461:
2440:
2427:
2418:
2398:
2388:
2368:
2344:
2334:
2330:
2302:
2281:
2256:
2235:
2214:
2191:
2171:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2133:
2108:
2085:
2076:
2066:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1932:, p. ?.
1898:, p. ?.
1891:
1879:
1874:, p. 6.
1867:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1802:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1694:
1682:
1677:, p. 9.
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1562:Whittow 1996
1557:
1545:
1538:Whittow 1996
1533:
1504:
1497:Stratos 1975
1492:
1485:Stratos 1975
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1422:Jenkins 1987
1417:
1405:
1381:, p. 81
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1275:
1263:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1152:
1140:
1118:Maurice 500s
1060:
1052:
1024:Thessalonica
1015:Nicephorus I
996:
986:
963:
960:theme system
957:
949:
943:
938:
928:
916:
898:
893:
869:Thessaloniki
849:Drougoubitai
842:
836:
802:
765:
744:Justinian II
742:
728:, while the
711:and invaded
686:
678:Drougoubitai
649:
644:
613:White Croats
606:
578:
565:
523:
519:Monophysites
515:Florin Curta
506:
488:
468:Thessaloniki
433:
428:
405:
354:
333:
300:Sklavinia(i)
297:
293:
285:
277:
269:
261:
253:
239:
225:
201:
178:
171:
164:
161:
157:
91:early Slavic
73:
72:
59:
58:
56:
1860:Vasmer 1941
1675:Vlasto 1970
1079:Christendom
1028:Dyrrhachium
921:Peloponnese
857:Belegezitai
799:Peloponnese
762:8th century
670:Strymonitai
646:Constans II
548:7th century
526:Peloponnese
436:Justinian I
378:6th century
369:Early Slavs
356:Strategikon
316:Peloponnese
184:Terminology
166:Strategikon
154:Early Slavs
103:South Slavs
2857:Categories
1930:Curta 2006
1768:Curta 2001
1744:Curta 2006
1509:Curta 2006
1473:Curta 2001
1398:Curta 2001
1379:Curta 2001
1367:Curta 2001
1355:Curta 2001
1343:Curta 2001
1307:Curta 2001
1295:Curta 2001
1280:Curta 2001
1268:Curta 2001
1239:Curta 2001
1220:Curta 2001
1208:James 2014
1196:Curta 2001
1184:James 2014
1172:James 2014
1157:Louth 2007
1103:References
1007:Adrianople
998:Slavesians
989:Staurakios
945:Max Vasmer
909:Monemvasia
861:Baiounetai
853:Sagoudatai
808:Staurakios
674:Sagoudatai
666:Rhynchinoi
648:conquered
490:Daurentius
460:Ostrogoths
447:Belisarius
367:See also:
320:Asia Minor
312:Sclaviniae
307:Σκλαβινίαι
260:); Latin:
188:See also:
152:See also:
138:suzerainty
127:West Slavs
119:East Slavs
111:barbarians
2308:Routledge
2169:(1991) .
2049:Fine 1991
2032:Fine 1991
2013:Fine 1991
2001:Fine 1991
1989:Fine 1991
1977:Fine 1991
1960:Fine 1991
1945:Fine 1991
1915:Fine 1991
1884:Fine 1991
1836:Fine 1983
1824:Fine 1991
1795:Fine 1991
1756:Fine 1991
1720:Fine 1991
1699:Fine 1991
1627:Fine 1991
1615:Fine 1991
1603:Fine 1991
1526:Fine 1991
1437:Fine 1991
1056:Armenians
1036:Nicopolis
965:strategos
905:Willibald
901:Holy Land
804:patrikios
795:Macedonia
705:at Onglos
662:Perbundos
650:Sklavinia
603:Bosphorus
591:Sassanids
579:Sklavinia
568:Heraclius
558:Severians
480:Illyricum
455:Procopius
335:Procopius
310:; Latin:
288:Sthlaueni
256:Sklabinoi
249:Σκλάβινοι
242:Sklauēnoi
235:Σκλαυηνοί
228:Sklabēnoi
221:Σκλαβηνοί
208:Procopius
131:Byzantine
107:Byzantine
76:Sklabenoi
18:Sclavenes
2863:Sclaveni
2587:(2008).
2513:(1997).
2438:(1968).
2366:(2007).
2337:: 39–61.
2212:(2006).
2130:(2006).
2106:(2001).
1096:Saqaliba
1085:See also
1044:Ezeritai
1040:Melingoi
993:Anatolia
913:Slavinia
903:in 732,
865:Berzetai
823:Akameros
819:Dalmatia
758:in 692.
752:Neboulos
599:monoxyla
476:Dalmatia
472:Germanus
406:Scholar
339:Jordanes
294:Sklaveni
280:Sclauini
264:Sclaueni
218:(Greek:
212:Jordanes
135:Frankish
62:Sclaveni
2279:(ed.).
2058:Sources
1048:Ottoman
1032:Strymon
797:to the
783:Bulgars
636:Bulgars
632:Khazars
583:Chatzon
464:Naissus
363:History
349:(560),
148:Customs
97:in the
95:Balkans
89:) were
2622:
2597:
2564:
2527:
2499:
2469:
2448:
2406:
2376:
2352:
2314:
2289:
2264:
2243:
2222:
2198:
2179:
2142:
2116:
2092:
1383:
978:Hellas
974:Thrace
881:Bulgar
863:, and
847:, the
779:Vardar
748:Thrace
730:Severi
713:Thrace
697:
638:, and
560:, and
538:Persia
534:Epirus
530:Attica
424:Danube
345:551),
322:, and
272:Sclavi
246:), or
2687:LXVII
2637:[
2614:[
785:were
640:Avars
617:Serbs
501:Bayan
484:Avars
324:Italy
284:, or
204:Antes
123:Wends
115:Antes
87:Greek
71:) or
69:Latin
2620:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2562:ISBN
2525:ISBN
2497:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2404:ISBN
2374:ISBN
2350:ISBN
2312:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2241:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2177:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2114:ISBN
2090:ISBN
1075:Rome
1042:and
1034:and
877:Avar
687:The
676:and
626:The
615:and
414:and
371:and
214:and
67:(in
57:The
2664:doi
817:).
812:fl.
695:(r.
544:).
494:fl.
343:fl.
232:),
133:or
85:in
2859::
2704:.
2685:.
2681:.
2658:.
2523:.
2335:20
2333:.
2329:.
2310:.
2306:.
2039:^
2020:^
1967:^
1952:^
1937:^
1922:^
1903:^
1814:^
1787:^
1706:^
1569:^
1516:^
1429:^
1390:^
1287:^
1246:^
1227:^
1164:^
1125:^
1110:^
1081:.
1030:,
1026:,
879:,
859:,
855:,
851:,
829:.
773:r.
672:,
660:.
634:,
573:r.
556:,
532:,
528:,
521:.
453:.
441:r.
326:.
318:,
292:-
276:,
268:,
176:.
2739:e
2732:t
2725:v
2672:.
2666::
2628:.
2603:.
2570:.
2533:.
2505:.
2475:.
2454:.
2421:.
2412:.
2391:.
2382:.
2358:.
2320:.
2295:.
2270:.
2249:.
2228:.
2204:.
2185:.
2148:.
2122:.
2098:.
1862:.
1850:.
1147:.
1135:.
1120:.
810:(
770:(
570:(
492:(
438:(
341:(
304:(
252:(
238:(
224:(
125:(
117:(
81:(
20:)
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