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and
Brahman dynasties and the Arabs. The territories of the Lohana, Lakha and Samma are also described as separate jurisdictions under the governor of Brahmanabad in the pre-Muslim era. Whatever may be the original distinction between Samma and Jat - the two tribes from which the majority of Sindis descend - , in later times it became completely blurred and the same people may be classed as Samma and Jat. The Samma residential area however was probably restricted to Brahmanabad and its immediate neighbourhood.
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Samma, Sahtah, Chand(Channa)....which appear, at least in the Muslim sources, to be subdivisions of the Jats or to be put on a par with the Jats. Some of these tribes were dominating others, but they all, as a matter of course, suffered certain discriminatory measures (cf. infra) under both the Rai
708:
This episode, given on the authority of
Chachnama, is purely a construct of Ma'sum but it demonstrates, once again, the malleability of pasts, in service of the present. Chachnama, and the history of Muhammad b. Qasim, is recast as the ur-text of Sindhi history by Ma'sumi. Ma'sümi goes on to trace
540:(1351–1388), when the Jam emirs of Samma were finally able to end Sumra dominance, taking over lower Sindh. They established the Samma dynasty which ruled over sindh from 1336 to 1524 and at its peak included parts of Punjab, Gujarat, and Balochistan regions along with entire region of Sindh.
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and their governor rarely resorted to invading Sumra held territories, relying instead on alliances with tribal elites and local power struggles. Against the Sumras, Khilji advanced the cause of the tribe of Samma. The conflict guaranteed a rolling supply of princes and tribal chiefs wanting
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Samma's history, along with other tribes in the region, is intertwined with the Jats, either as a subdivision of it or a group at par. They faced restrictions similar to that of Jats. But Samma communities were confined to
527:(1296–1316) mounted a number of campaigns in the region, battling the Sumra princes whose cycle of capitulation and rebellion could be charted exactly to the perceived military stress on the
440:
There are different versions about the origin of the Sammas. Some link up their ancestry with Akrama bin Abul Jehal. According to some other historians, Sammas came to
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Masumi goes on to trace the early history of the Samma people of Sind and to place them in the role of the Jat of
Chachnama-a lower caste needing to be monitored.
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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intervention in political affairs concerned Sind. Between 1058 and 1520, control of the province was effectively delegated by the
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the early history of the Sammã as well, placing them in the role of the Jats of
Chachnama and referred to as the "highest caste."
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Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam 7th-11th centuries. Vol. 1
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alliances with the center. The tussle for dominance between the Sumras and the Samma lasted until the reign of
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The many histories of
Muhammad b. Qasim: Narrating the Muslim conquest of Sindh - page - 99
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The many histories of
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823:"The Tombs of Burfat Tribe at Taung, Thana Bula Khan, Sindh (Pakistan)"
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574:. Institute of Sindhology, University of Jamshoro. 2006. p. 130.
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A Book of
Conquest: The Chachnama and Muslim Origins in South Asia
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tribes whose chiefs converted to Islam and were followers of
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History of India: As told by its own Historians: Vol. I.
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Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947
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and its neighbouring regions. According to historian
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739:One of the most well-known all-India examples of
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571:The Samma Kingdom of Sindh: Historical Studies
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29:Sama-Bajau peoples
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531:. Yet, the
466:Brahmanabad
18:Samma tribe
1101:Categories
741:Suhrawardi
556:References
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426:Chudasamas
132:newspapers
61:improve it
1054:ethnicity
1051:Pakistani
1009:khaskheli
911:Chudasama
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833:: 79–97.
529:metropole
497:zamindars
368:Ethnicity
357:Rajasthan
296:Languages
281:Religions
67:talk page
1021:Bhanbhar
955:hotipoto
951:Sarvaiya
682:2 August
644:2 August
544:See also
493:Firishta
458:Dashrath
406:Pakistan
327:Pakistan
304:Gujarati
997:Dharejo
991:Panhwar
961:fulpoto
941:Raizada
785:3 April
749:Soomros
514:History
508:Rajputs
450:Jamshed
436:Origins
422:Jadejas
353:Gujarat
315:Country
308:Saraiki
146:scholar
1018:Rajpur
1015:Sheikh
1006:Mirasi
1003:Mallah
985:samejo
982:Rayimo
979:Bhutto
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967:Sarki
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958:Rahoo
921:Jamra
897:Unnar
501:Sumra
444:with
442:Sindh
430:India
418:Islam
410:India
402:Sindh
390:Samma
349:Sindh
339:India
290:Islam
260:Samma
153:JSTOR
139:books
36:Samma
1058:stub
1012:Dayo
1000:Juno
988:Samo
931:Abro
845:ISSN
787:2016
774:ISBN
729:ISBN
684:2022
671:ISBN
646:2022
633:ISBN
603:ISBN
576:ISBN
487:and
481:Sufi
454:Rama
424:and
398:سمان
273:and
266:Jāti
125:news
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