Sama-Bajau - Knowledge

1039: 2144: 1280: 2642: 1006: 3025:, unlike most neighbouring ethnic groups. The individualism is probably due to the generally fragile nature of their relationships with land-based peoples for access to essentials like wood or water. When the relationship sours or if there is too much pressure from land-based rulers, the Sama-Bajau prefer to simply move on elsewhere. Greater importance is placed on kinship and reciprocal labour rather than formal authority for maintaining social cohesion. There are a few exceptions, however, like the Jama Mapun and the Sama Pangutaran of the Philippines, who follow the traditional pre-Hispanic Philippine feudal society with a caste system consisting of 2729: 482: 1213: 57: 1604: 1715: 3142: 2721: 2624: 794: 1645: 840: 1096: 7399: 1843: 2092: 3051: 10651: 3442:. He was a member of the National Assembly of the Philippines from 1935 to 1938, and from 1943 to 1944, and the Philippines House of Representatives from 1945 to 1949, and from 1951 to 1961. In 1961, he filed House Bill No. 5682, for the granting of independence to the Province of Sulu as a sovereign nation due to what he felt was the negligence of the central government over the concerns of his province. He married Dayang-Dayang Hadji Piandao Kiram, niece and adopted daughter of Sultan 92: 1666:. They still identify themselves as Bajau Laut or Sama Laut. Though they are called East Coast Bajau to distinguish them from the Sama Kota Belud of western Sabah. They are also known by the exonym "Pala'u" ("boat-dwelling" in Sinama), but it is sometimes considered derogatory. Some have retained their original boat-dwelling lifestyle, but many others have built homes on land. They are known for the colourful annual Regatta Lepa festival, which occurs from 24 to 26 April. 1444: 1268: 852: 10675: 658: 128: 10663: 542: 1260: 110: 10687: 146: 722:) among the Sama-Bajau have a common theme which claims that they were originally a land-dwelling people who were the subjects of a king who had a daughter. After she is lost by either being swept away to the sea (by a storm or a flood) or being taken captive by a neighbouring kingdom, they were then supposedly ordered to find her. After failing to do so they decided to remain nomadic for fear of facing the wrath of the king. 1815:. Though they may have been the ancestors of the Sama-Bajau, they have become linguistically and culturally distinct and are usually regarded as a separate ethnic group. They are exclusively land-based and are usually farmers. Yakan are also a horse-riding culture, similar to the West Coast Bajau. They are renowned for their weaving traditions. They resisted Tausug rule during the early formation of the 1252:, and thus were viewed as "uncivilised pagans". Boat-dwelling and shoreline Sama-Bajau had a very low status in the caste-based Tausūg Sultanate of Sulu. This survived into the modern Philippines where the Sama-Bajau are still subjected to strong cultural prejudice from the Tausūg. The Sama-Bajau have also been frequent victims of theft, extortion, kidnapping, and violence from the predominantly Tausūg 2998: 2452: 2909: 1551:. They are the Sama-Bajau subgroup most commonly called "Bajau", though Filipino Sama Dilaut considers it offensive. They sometimes call themselves the "Sama To'ongan" (literally "true Sama" or "real Sama"), to distinguish themselves from the land-dwelling Sama-Bajau subgroups. A recent study shows that the Sama-Dilaut people of the Philippines have Indian or South Asian ancestry. 1738:. They prefer to call themselves by the general ethnonym "Sama", not "Bajau"; and their neighbours, the Dusuns also call them "Sama". British administrators originally defined them as "Bajau". They are referred to as West Coast Bajau in Malaysia to distinguish them from the Sama Dilaut of eastern Sabah and the Sulu Archipelago. They are known for having a traditional 3021:" by governments (like under the Sultanate of Brunei), they usually only had little authority over the Sama-Bajau community. Sama-Bajau society is traditionally highly individualistic, and the largest political unit is the clan cluster around mooring points, rarely more. Sama-Bajau society is also more or less egalitarian, and they did not practice a 2851:. The Tausūg claim that the song is native to their culture, and whether the song is originally Tausūg or Sama-Bajau remain controversial. Most Sama-Bajau folk songs are becoming extinct, largely due to the waning interest of the younger generations. Sama-Bajau people are also well known for weaving, needlework skills, and their association with 1324:. In modern times, they have lost access to most of these sites. There have been efforts to grant Sama-Bajau some measures of rights to fish in traditional areas, but most Sama-Bajau still suffer from legal persecution. For example, under a 1974 Memorandum of Understanding, "Indonesian traditional fishermen" are allowed to fish within the 928:. Genetically, the Sama-Bajau are highly diverse, indicating heavy admixture with the locals or even language and cultural adoption by coastal groups in the areas they settled. However, the study is restricted to the Indonesian Bajo subgroup, and the authors recommend additional studies from Sama-Bajau groups in neighbouring regions. 2876:, which are usually carved from coral and limestone. Wooden carved grave markers are common later on, usually made from or carved from the boat belonging to the deceased. These are usually carved into human figures that represent the deceased. These graves are often decorated with buntings and food offerings, reflecting the ancient 2693:

generally do not sail more than 40 km (24.85 mi) from their "home" moorage. They periodically trade goods with the land-based communities of other Sama-Bajau and other ethnic groups. Sama-Bajau groups may routinely cross the borders of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia for fishing, trading, or visiting relatives.

1229:, the traditional patron of the Sama-Bajau for bartering fish for farm goods. The money-based fish markets which replaced the seasonal trade around mooring points necessitates a more land-based lifestyle for greater market penetration. In Malaysia, some hotly debated government programs have also resettled Bajau to the mainland. 2872:). These were used to decorate houseboats and animistic ritual objects. They were used most prominently for Sama grave markers which are found in the ancient traditional burial grounds of the Sama people in some (usually uninhabited) islands of Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. These include some of the oldest examples of 1034:

record that among the ancestors of the hero Bantugan is a Maranao prince who married a Sama-Bajau princess. Estimated to have happened in AD 840, it is the oldest account of the Sama-Bajau. It further corroborates the fact that they predate the arrival of the Tausūg settlers and are indigenous to the

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A genetic study of three groups—the Derawan of Northeast Borneo, the Kotabaru of Southeast Borneo, and the Kendari of Southeast Sulawesi—suggested that their origin was in southern Sulawesi. Their ethnogenesis is estimated to have dated back to around the 4th century AD by an admixture event between

1626:(Philippines, Malaysia) – Also known as "Sama Balangingi", "Sama Balanguingui", or "Sama Bangingi". Native to the Philippines. Some have recently migrated to Sabah. They are sometimes considered distinct from other Sama-Bajau. They have a more martial-oriented society and were once part of regular 906:

From Zamboanga, some members of these people adopted an exclusively seaborne culture and spread outwards in the 10th century towards Basilan, Sulu, Borneo, and Sulawesi. They arrived in Borneo in the 11th century. This hypothesis is currently the most widely accepted among specialists studying the

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In 1968, the anthropologist Harry Arlo Nimmo, on the other hand, believed that the Sama-Bajau are indigenous to the Sulu Archipelago, Sulawesi, and/or Borneo, and do not share a common origin with the Orang laut. Nimmo proposed that the boat-dwelling lifestyle developed among the ancestors of the

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The origin myths claiming descent from Johor or Gowa have been largely rejected by modern scholars, mostly because these kingdoms were established too recently to explain the ethnic divergence. Whether the Sama-Bajau are indigenous to their current territories or settled from elsewhere is still

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These mooring points are usually presided over by an elder or headsman. The mooring points are close to sources of water or culturally significant locations like island cemeteries. There are periodic gatherings of Sama-Bajau clans usually for various ceremonies like weddings or festivals. They

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Most subgroups of Sama-Bajau name themselves after the place they originated from (usually an island). Each subgroup speaks a distinct language or dialect that are usually mutually intelligible with their immediate neighbouring subgroup in a continuous linguistic chain. In the Philippines, the

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One Tausug Muslim who was interviewed insulted the Bajau people, who are also Muslim but he declared the Bajau as non-Muslim and compared killing a Bajau to killing a monkey, saying it was not worth the effort for a juramentado to attack Bajau. There are Tausug in Sulu who takfir the Bajau and

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in the high seas. The princess was taken captive and married to the Sultan of Brunei instead. The escorts, having lost the princess, elected to settle in Borneo and Sulu rather than return to Johor. This legend is popular among Sabah Sama-Bajau as it legitimises their claim to "Malay-ness" and

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group. The authors suggest that the Sama moved to eastern Borneo at around the 11th century AD, and then towards northern Borneo and the southern Philippines at around the 13th to 14th centuries AD. They hypothesize that they were driven to migrate during the increase of influence and trading

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Ilardo, M. A.; Moltke, I.; Korneliussen, T. S.; Cheng, J.; Stern, A. J.; Racimo, F.; de Barros Damgaard, P.; Sikora, M.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Rasmussen, S.; van den Munckhof, I. C. L.; ter Horst, R.; Joosten, L. A. B.; Netea, M. G.; Salingkat, S.; Nielsen, R.; Willerslev, E. (18 April 2018).

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Other minor Sama-Bajau groups named after islands of origin include the Sama Bannaran, Sama Davao, Sama Zamboanga Sikubung, Sama Tuaran, Sama Semporna, Sama Sulawesi, Sama Simunul, Sama Tabawan, Sama Tandubas (or Sama Tando' Bas), and Sama Ungus Matata. Mixed-heritage Sama-Bajau and Tausūg

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rather than Johor. The various versions of their origin myth tell about a royal princess who was washed away by a flood. She was found and eventually married a king or a prince of Gowa. Their offspring then allegedly became the ancestors of the Indonesian Sama-Bajau.

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family. But due to marked differences with neighbouring languages, they were moved to a separate branch altogether from all other Philippine languages. For example, Sinama pronunciation is quite distinct from other nearby Central Philippine languages like Tausūg and

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British administrators in Sabah classified the Sama-Bajau as "Bajau" and labelled them as such in their birth certificates. Thus, the Sama-Bajau in Malaysia may sometimes self-identify as "Bajau". The Malaysian government recognizes the Sama-Bajau as legally

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Ampuan, Regina B.; Andarino, Nilda S.; Bometivo, Rosario S.; Cabacang, Mansueto M.; Castillo, Domingo F.; Magdaraog, Guido A.; Magdaraog, Marlita P.; Manalo, Teresita C.; Pasco, Sallud B.; Pelito, Angeles M.; Sauro, Rebecca C.; Flores, Forencia B. (1983).

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Among the modern coastal Sama-Bajau of Malaysia, claims to religious piety and learning are an important source of individual prestige. Some of the Sama-Bajau lack mosques and must rely on the shore-based communities such as those of the more Islamised or

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declared them as non-Muslims despite them following Islam and discriminate against them due to their lifestyle. In Indonesia many discriminate against them with false stereotypes, accusing them of using love potions on women and were untrustworthy.

1340:, and the destruction of Sama-Bajau vessels. In 2014, Indonesian authorities destroyed six Filipino Sama-Bajau boats caught fishing in Indonesian waters. This is particularly serious for the Sama-Bajau, whose boats are also oftentimes their homes. 976:

gene flow among Sama populations starting at around 1000 years ago. Sama ancestry was highest among the Sama Dilaut, followed by more land-based Sama. But it was also detected among other ethnic groups that do not self-identify as Sama in

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Modern Sama-Bajau are generally regarded as peaceful, hospitable, and cheerful people, despite their humble circumstances. However, a significant number are also illiterate, uneducated, and impoverished, due to their nomadic lifestyle.

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Traditionally , the Tausug have lived in the northern islands of Jolo and Siasi , whereas the Samal , although scattered ... of Sulu do not even acknowledge them as Moslems – are the boat - dwelling Samal , more commonly called Bajau

911:. This would also explain why even boat-dwelling Sama-Bajau still practice agricultural rituals, despite being exclusively fishermen. Linguistic evidence further points to Borneo as the ultimate origin of the proto-Sama-Bajau people. 3085:, letting them store more haemoglobin-rich blood, which is expelled into the bloodstream when the spleen contracts at depth, allowing breath-holding dives of longer duration. This difference is apparently related to a variant of the 1539:– The "sea Sama" or "ocean Sama". In the Philippines, the preferred ethnonym is Sama Dilaut; while in Malaysia, they usually identify as Bajau Laut. This subgroup originally lived exclusively on elaborately crafted houseboats called 931:

A 2021 genetic study discovered a unique genetic signal among the Sama-Bajau of the Philippines and Indonesia. This genetic signal (called the "Sama ancestry" by the authors) identifies them as descendants of an ancient migration of

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Baranova, T. I.; Berlov, D. N.; Glotov, O. S.; Korf, E. A.; Minigalin, A. D.; Mitrofanova, A. V.; Ahmetov, I. I.; Glotov, A. S. (2017). "Genetic determination of the vascular reactions in humans in response to the diving reflex".

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referred only to more sea-oriented, boat-dwelling, nomadic groups. Even these distinctions are fading as the majority of Sama-Bajau have long since abandoned boat living, most for Sama-style piling houses in the coastal shallows.

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is regarded as the creator deity who made humans equal to animals and plants. Like other animistic religions, they fundamentally divide the world into the physical and spiritual realms which coexist. In modern Muslim Sama-Bajau,

1300:. Most illegal Sama-Bajau immigrants enter Malaysia through offshore islands. From there, they enter mainland Sabah to find work as manual labourers. Others migrate to the northern islands of the Philippines, particularly to the 764:

However, there are other versions that are more mythological and do not mention a princess. Among the Philippine Sama-Bajau, for example, there is a myth that claims that the Sama-Bajau were accidentally towed into what is now

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with houseboats of immediate relatives (a family alliance) and co-operate during fishing expeditions and in ceremonies. A married couple may choose to sail with the relatives of the husband or the wife. They anchor at common

4401: 1367:. With their now limited territories, they have little alternative means of competing with better-equipped land-based and commercial fishermen and earn enough to feed their families. The Indonesian government and certain 6099: 4811: 1295:

have driven many Sama-Bajau to emigrate. They usually resettle in Malaysia and Indonesia, where they have more employment opportunities. But even in Malaysia, their presence is still controversial as most of them are

1702:(Philippines, Malaysia) – Originated from the island of South Ubian in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines, and make up the largest Sama-Bajau subgroup in Sabah. They reside in sizeable minorities living around the towns of 1475:. They have a more flexible lifestyle than the Sama-Gimba (Dilaut Origin) and will farm when there is available land. They usually act as middlemen in trade between the Sama Dilaut and other land-based peoples. 5566: 3645:

is antiquated. Most modern literature refer to these peoples as the Australo-Melanesians. However, their exact relationship within their member groups and with other ethnic groups in Asia and Oceania is still

7258: 6502:"Balancing the Spiritual and Physical Worlds: Memory, Responsibility, and Survival in the Rituals of the Sama Dilaut (Bajau laut) in Sitangkai, Tawi-Tawi, Southern Philippines and Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia" 4177: 1224:

The number of modern Sama-Bajau who are born and live primarily at sea is diminishing. Cultural assimilation and modernisation are regarded as the main causes. Particularly blamed is the dissolution of the

5155: 1080:. Pigafetta writes that the "people of that island make their dwellings in boats and do not live otherwise". They have also been present in the written records of other Europeans henceforth; including in 1312:. Though these are relatively safer regions, they are also more economically disadvantaged and socially excluded, leading to Filipinos sometimes stereotyping the boat-dwelling Sama-Bajau as beggars and 867:

of Sama-Bajau as 800 AD and also rejects a historical connection between the Sama-Bajau and the Orang laut. He hypothesises that the Sama-Bajau originated from a proto-Sama-Bajau people inhabiting the

6293: 2927:– which makes them remarkable in Malaysia, where horse riding has never been widespread anywhere else. The traditional costume of Sama-Bajau horsemen consists of a black or white long-sleeved shirt ( 1432:

The Sama-Bajau are fragmented into highly diverse subgroups. They have never been politically united and are usually subject to the land-based political groups of the areas they settle, such as the

1489:– The "land Sama". These are the Sama-Bajau which traditionally lived in island interiors. Some examples are the Sama Sibutu and the Sama Sanga-Sanga. They are usually farmers who cultivate 1420:. This was largely the result of raised awareness and an outpouring of support after a photo of a Sama-Bajau beggar, Rita Gaviola (dubbed the "Badjao Girl"), went viral in the Philippines. 1149:

in the 12th and 13th centuries. Sama-Bajau usually served as low-ranking crewmembers of war boats, directly under the command of Iranun squadron leaders, who in turn answered to the Tausūg

3744: 1240:, meaning "spat out" or "outcast" based on a folk tale justifying their subservience supposedly out of their trickery and ingratefulness towards God. They were also marginalised by other 6362: 7022: 694:, seafaring people, living off the sea by trading and subsistence fishing. The boat-dwelling Sama-Bajau see themselves as non-aggressive people. They kept close to the shore by erecting 449:

Sama-Bajau have sometimes been called the "Sea Gypsies" or "Sea Nomads", terms that have also been used for non-related ethnic groups with similar traditional lifestyles, such as the

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is simply "Sama", and they are more accurately a general subgroup of Sama Dea ("land Sama") native to the Philippines. A large number are now residing around the coasts of northern

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Saidatul Nornis Haji Mahali (2008). "Tinggayun: Implications of Dance and Song in Bajau Society". In Merete Falck Borch; Eve Rask Knudsen; Martin Leet; Bruce Clunies Ross (eds.).

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communities are sometimes known as "Bajau Suluk" in Malaysia. People of multiple ethnic parentage may further identify with a three-part self-description, such as "Bajau Suluk

1412:). Recently, there have been more efforts by local governments in the Philippines to rehabilitate Sama-Bajau refugees and teach them livelihood skills. In 2016, the Philippine 956:

populations, and later on, the incoming migrations of the Austronesian peoples (also adopting an Austronesian language in the process). They are genetically clustered with the

1316:. The ancestral roaming and fishing grounds of the Sama-Bajau straddled the borders of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. And they have sometimes voyaged as far as the 3245: 1899:

being usually on the final syllable; the primary stress occurs on the second-to-the-last syllable of the word in Sinama. This placement of the primary stress is similar to

1805:(formerly known as Cagayan de Sulu). Their culture is heavily influenced by the Sulu Sultanate. They are relatively isolated and do not usually consider themselves as Sama. 4954: 863:

A more recent study in 1985 by the anthropologist Alfred Kemp Pallasen compares the oral traditions with historical facts and linguistic evidence. He puts the date of the

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Patricia C, Almada-Villela (2002). "Pilot Fisheries Socio-economic Survey of Two Coastal Areas in Eastern Sabah". In Sarah L. Fowler; Tim M. Reed; Frances Dipper (eds.).

3959: 3066:. Divers work long days with the "greatest daily apnea diving time reported in humans" of greater than 5 hours per day submerged. Some Bajau intentionally rupture their 7430: 5466: 5570: 3472:(Aizam Mat Saman) – Malaysian singer and actor, great-nephew of Tun Ahmadshah Abdullah (his grandmother is the elder sister of the latter) from Inanam, Kota Kinabalu. 3077:

associated with their life on the sea appear to have endowed the Bajau with several genetic adaptations to facilitate their lifestyle. A 2018 study showed that Bajau

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is called upon to remove illness-causing spirits from the community. They do this by setting a "spirit boat" adrift in the open sea beyond the village or anchorage.

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agriculture. They were the original inhabitants of Zamboanga and the Sulu archipelago, and were well-established in the region long before the first arrival of the

7255: 4189: 836:. They retained their hunter-gatherer lifestyle, though they became more maritime-oriented as Southeast Asia became more populated by later Austronesian settlers. 5164: 5212: 9685: 9675: 3349:(Datuk Seri Panglima Mohd Salleh bin Tun Mohd Said Keruak) – The ninth Chief Minister of Sabah from Kota Belud and a former federal minister with the rank of 9655: 9566: 6300: 5593: 6632: 6545: 6433: 6158: 5830: 5339: 9670: 9480: 2570:

is a joyous celebration, involving singing, dancing, and joking among all participants. It is the largest festive event among the Sama Dilaut communities.

442:. Within the last fifty years, many of the Filipino Sama-Bajau have migrated to neighbouring Sabah and the northern islands of the Philippines, due to the 1371:

have launched several programs for providing alternative sustainable livelihood projects for Sama-Bajau to discourage these practices (such as the use of

9561: 8461: 4044:, the hill people and head hunters in the past, are the second and third largest ethnic group in Sabah respectively. Other indigenous tribes include the 2371:) on the living room floor (a process known as the "sleeping of rice"). After two or three nights, two-thirds are set aside for making sweet rice meals ( 879:

at around the 13th century from their homelands along the northern coast of eastern Mindanao. Along with the Tausūg, they were heavily influenced by the

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Graham K. Brown (2014). "Legible Pluralism: The Politics of Ethnic and Religious Identification in Malaysia". In Joseph B. Ruane; Jennifer Todd (eds.).

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of Indonesia. The modern outward spread of the Sama-Bajau from older inhabited areas seems to have been associated with the development of sea trade in

10208: 10078: 4860: 1819:, eventually gaining recognition as a separate political entity. They are only partially Islamized, with a significant minority retaining indigenous 1201: 6363:"Dancing with the ghosts of the sea: Experiencing the Pagkanduli ritual of the Sama Dilaut (Bajau Laut) in Sikulan, Tawi-Tawi, Southern Philippines" 522:

with the names of their tribes, usually the place they live or place of origin. For example, the sea-going Sama-Bajau prefer to call themselves the

10273: 10253: 9721: 8123: 3253: 530:(literally 'sea Sama' or 'ocean Sama') in the Philippines; in Malaysia, they identify as Bajau Laut. Sea-going Bajau are given the pejorative name 6996: 6377: 1038: 10268: 7235: 4687:

Mbal Alungay Bissala: Our Voices Shall Not Perish – Listening, Telling, Writing of the Sama Identity and Its Political History in Oral Narratives

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in eastern Malaysia, southwestern Philippines, and eastern Indonesia. It originally referred to a different concept of a deity separate from the

1381:) and schools have also been built even for stilt-house Sama-Bajau communities. Similar programs have also been implemented in the Philippines. 1145:

and back again. Aside from early European colonial records, they may have also been the pirates described by Chinese and Arabian sources in the

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Among the Indonesian Sama-Bajau, on the other hand, their oral histories place more importance on the relationship of the Sama-Bajau with the

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Sather, Clifford (2004). "Keeping the Peace in an Island World: The Sama Dilaut of Southeast Asia". In Kemp, Graham; P. Fry, Douglas (eds.).

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The Sulu zone, 1768–1898: the dynamics of external trade, slavery, and ethnicity in the transformation of a Southeast Asian maritime state

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With the loss of their traditional fishing grounds, some refugee groups of Sama-Bajau in the Philippines are forced to resort to begging (

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Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997

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is the largest ethnic group in Sabah that makes up almost 30% of the population. The Bajaus, or also known as 'Cowboys of the East', and

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tree, with the eldest leading. They are performed with intricate movements of the hands, usually with metal fingernail extensions called

6019: 594:('getting further apart' or 'the state of being away') or in Indonesian word it means boat dwelling. Other possible origins include the 7131: 5779: 1777:. Their folk history claims that their ancestors originated from the southern Philippines (identified in some sources as the island of 1073: 7053: 626:. The indigenous Sama-Bajau in Malaysia have also started labelling themselves as their ancestors called themselves, such as Simunul. 10737: 7416: 7319: 6118: 5365: 1654:

refers to the houseboat in the dialect of east coast Bajau. In this festival, Bajau people decorate their boats with colourful flags.

1413: 3713:"2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A – Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables), Philippines" 1133:

in Southeast Asia during the European colonial period, indicating that at least some Sama-Bajau groups from northern Sulu (e.g. the

641:(1667), and describes them as building houses on the sea because they "hate land". They were described as being the subjects of the 9473: 2148: 1746:

The following are subgroups that do not self-identify as Sama, although they are culturally related to the Sama people and speak a

1236:, who viewed boat-dwelling Sama-Bajau as 'inferior' and as outsiders— the traditional Tausūg term for them is the highly offensive 6662: 5163:. Harvard-Yenching Institute Working Paper Series. Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, The University of Tokyo. Archived from 4736: 3581:

who set the Philippines national record at the Japanese Cup 2019 on 7 September 2019. Featured in Episode 3 of the Netflix series

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Sama-Bajau traditional songs are handed down orally through generations. The songs are usually sung during marriage celebrations (

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Sama-Bajau is a collective term, referring to several closely related indigenous people who consider themselves a single distinct

9282: 8454: 4120: 6609: 6326: 4963: 10554: 9262: 8045: 3963: 6952: 5921: 5620: 9277: 9163: 8403: 8081: 7984: 7460: 5975: 5410: 4666:. Proyek Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Masyarakat Pantai, YIIS UNHAS. Wissenschaftlich-Literarischer Selbst- und Sonderverlach. 1801:(Philippines) – sometimes known by the exonyms 'Sama Mapun", "Sama Kagayan", or "Bajau Kagayan". They are from the island of 5474: 2550:

grove. There they will perform rituals and dance (this time with male and female dancers together), symbolically "inviting"

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Sopher, David E. (1965). "The Sea Nomads: A Study Based on the Literature of the Maritime Boat People of Southeast Asia".

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within the sampled Bajau population relative to other referenced eastern Asian populations. Members of another group, the

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Robert Blust (2006). "The linguistic macrohistory of the Philippines". In Hsiu-chuan Liao; Carl R. Galvez Rubino (eds.).

5282: 4981: 4694: 2143: 10732: 8447: 8030: 6067: 2076:. Some of the more nomadic Sama-Bajau, like the Ubian Bajau, are much less adherent to orthodox Islam. They practice a 1416:

started a project for distributing fishing boats, gear, and other livelihood materials among Sama-Bajau communities in

1178: 610:, especially since it is used most commonly to refer to poverty-stricken Sama-Bajau who make a living through begging. 17: 2249:

The construction and launch of sailing vessels are ritualised, and the vessels are believed to have a spirit known as

2103:, and this is retained wholly or partially in some Sama-Bajau groups. The supreme deities in Sama-Bajau mythology are 6277: 5951: 5890: 5865: 5323: 5266: 5216: 5133: 5059: 5028:"Sea Nomads and Rainforest Hunter-Gatherers: Foraging Adaptations in the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago – The Sama-Bajau" 4315: 4251: 4217: 3902: 3404: 5237: 10712: 7439: 6685: 3389:

Askalani Abdul Rahim (Datuk Askalani Bin Abdul Rahim) – Former Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports from Semporna.

3306: 438:, and throughout the eastern Indonesian islands. In the Philippines, they are grouped with the religiously similar 7145: 5597: 5027: 2056:

of early Muslim missionaries), to animistic beliefs in spirits and ancestor worship. There is a small minority of

10722: 10598: 9416: 8408: 8109: 6641: 6568: 6456: 6162: 5834: 1692:. They are predominantly land-dwelling. They are the largest single group of Sama-Bajau. In Davao del Norte, the 1297: 618:

under the "Bajau" subgroup which guarantees easy access to the special sociopolitical privileges also granted to

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To Become "Christian Bajau": The Sama Dilaut's Conversion to Pentecostal Christianity in Davao City, Philippines

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attacks on local Dutch garrisons. After the fall of Bone, most Sama-Bajau resettled in other areas of Sulawesi.

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at an early age to facilitate diving and hunting at sea. Many older Sama-Bajau are therefore hard of hearing.

2845:(literally "moving the hips"), which is more familiar to the Tausūg in its commercialised and modernised form 2257:

are believed to influence fishing activities, rewarding the Sama-Bajau by granting good luck favours known as

1471:

in shallows and coastal areas. An example is the Sama Simunul. They are originally from the larger islands of

9447: 7979: 7332: 7312: 6723: 6523: 6477: 4912: 3459:— Filipino master mat weaver and teacher from Ungos Matata, Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi; recipient of the Philippine 1368: 6185: 5668: 5428:"Protein mining the world's oceans: Australasia as an example of illegal expansion-and-displacement fishing" 4268: 7974: 4868: 4269:"Studies of the Tausug (Suluk) and Samal-speaking populations of Sabah and the southern Philippine islands" 4088:, and many more. In addition to that, the Chinese makes up the main non-indigenous group of the population. 3712: 3621: 2641: 1879: 1104: 622:; to a point of them identifying as "Malay" for political reasons. This is especially true for recent Moro 5503:"Culture, conservation, and conflict: perspectives on marine protection among the Bajau of Southeast Asia" 10747: 9427: 8040: 8015: 6220: 6045: 5427: 4830:"Pirates, Sea Nomads or Protectors of Islam?: A Note on "Bajau" Identifications in the Malaysian Context" 4218:"Pirates, Sea Nomads or Protectors of Islam?: A Note on "Bajau" Identifications in the Malaysian Context" 3469: 3424: 3410: 3383: 3094: 1883: 1864: 1795:

named Abak, their people left the island, eventually reaching and settling the island now known as Capul.

1693: 1662:(Philippines, Malaysia) – are Sama Dilaut who settled in the eastern coast of Sabah, particularly around 4365:"A Princess Adrift: Bajau Origins, animated MSPowerpoint show, for a conference at Tanjung Pinang, 2012" 2162:

of the Sama-Bajau and originally included human and animal figures, which are largely missing in modern

1005: 10641: 9489: 8066: 8025: 8020: 7915: 7882: 4307:

Bodies and Voices: The Force-field of Representation and Discourse in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies

3518: 3494:(the late Siti Surianie Julkarim) – Malaysian singer who gained fame through the reality show known as 2538:

will invite the audience to participate, to celebrate, and to give their thanks. The last dance is the

2530:

while dancing to music is regarded as a "gift" by the living Sama Dilaut to their ancestors. After the

1521:. In the Philippines, the Sama Dea will often completely differentiate themselves from the Sama Dilaut. 1085: 7398: 7244: 5190: 4550: 4483:

Historia De Las Islas De Mindanao, Jolo Y Sus Adyacentes. Progressos De La Religion, Y Armas Catolicas

2825:

Among the more specific examples of Sama-Bajau songs are three love songs collectively referred to as

2645:

Sama-Bajau woman from Maiga Island, Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia, with traditional sun protection called

8470: 4305: 4178:"Evolving a Development Framework for the Sama Dilaut in an Urban Center in the Southern Philippines" 3491: 734: 649:, and they were esteemed for their shipbuilding skills and were commonly hired as crews of warships. 7294: 4693:. The Nippon Foundation Fellowships for Asian Public Intellectuals. pp. 141–148. Archived from 4402:"Ethnographic Reading of Silungan Baltapa: Ancestral Tradition and Sufic Islam Values of Sama Bajau" 2689:) with other flotillas (usually also belonging to extended relatives) at certain times of the year. 891:

by the 16th century. They also engaged in extensive trade with China for "luxury" sea products like

56: 9556: 9437: 9366: 8568: 8428: 8035: 7305: 7168: 6686:"Underwater working times in two groups of traditional apnea divers in Asia: the Ama and the Bajau" 5238:

Artchil C. Daug; Christopher O. Kimilat; Glory Grace Ann G. Bayon; Angenel Clariz D. Rufon (2013).

3616: 3189: 1216:

Percentage population of Bajau by state constituencies in Sabah, Malaysia, according to 2020 census

646: 166: 31: 6501: 5758: 3370:

Mohd Nasir Tun Sakaran (Dato' Mohd Nasir bin Tun Sakaran Dandai) – Sabah politician from Semporna.

2526:

are not feared as they are regarded as spirits of ancestors. Temporarily serving as hosts for the

1918:, though not from any established group. It is thus a sister group to other Barito languages like 1773:. They were colonised and converted to Christianity early by the Spanish and today are culturally 1714: 1141:. The scope of their pirate activities was extensive, commonly sailing from Sulu to as far as the 805:

contentious. Linguistically, they are distinct from neighbouring populations, especially from the

10618: 9593: 9341: 9287: 8588: 5808: 4465: 3985: 3200: 1372: 1325: 941: 738: 703: 506:("ethnic group" or "nation"). It is generally accepted that these groups of people can be termed 481: 279: 2292:") and may adhere to taboos concerning the treatment of the sea and other cultural aspects. The 1517:

technology brought by the Tausūg). They are originally from the larger islands of Tawi-Tawi and

1212: 10727: 10623: 10571: 10534: 9432: 8668: 8543: 8418: 8132: 3780: 3661: 2728: 2191: 1616: 1603: 1587:

from as early as the 16th century. They have spread further into nearby islands, including the

1232:

The Sama-Bajau in the Sulu Archipelago were historically discriminated against by the dominant

1022: 7647: 6979: 5965: 5313: 10707: 9883: 9401: 9391: 8920: 8538: 8523: 8490: 8413: 8151: 8142: 6894:

Gislén, A.; Dacke, M.; Kröger, R.H.H; Abrahamsson, M.; Nilsson, D.-E.; Warrant, E.J. (2003).

6717: 6161:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Government of the Philippines. Archived from 6023: 5833:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Government of the Philippines. Archived from 5256: 4049: 3571: 3420: 3223: 3146: 2720: 1887: 1571:; and "Turijene" or "Taurije'n" (literally "people of the water"), "Bayo", or "Bayao" by the 1543:, but almost all have taken to living on land in the Philippines. Their home islands include 747: 615: 606:

has pejorative connotations in the Philippines, indicating poverty in comparison to the term

170: 9381: 6586: 3835:"Understanding Identity and Diaspora: The Case of the Sama-Bajau of Maritime Southeast Asia" 3376:(Dato' Seri Hj Mohd Shafie Bin Apdal) – The fifteenth Chief Minister of Sabah from Semporna. 3192:, the Metkayina Clan is an oceanic Na'vi clan that is partially inspired by the Sama-Bajau. 3141: 725:

One such version widely told among the Sama-Bajau of Borneo claims that they descended from

10608: 10298: 9406: 9386: 9351: 8558: 8505: 8393: 7226: 6907: 6243: 5596:. Department of Social Welfare and Development, Republic of the Philippines. Archived from 5517: 5439: 4598: 4135: 3557: 3550: 3542: 3280: 3205: 3181: 2682: 1896: 1858: 1588: 1544: 1328:

of Australia, which includes traditional fishing grounds of Sama-Bajau fishermen. However,

1197: 908: 833: 774: 702:, handmade boats which many lived in. A 2021 genetic study shows that some Sama-Bajau have 466: 363:). They usually live a seaborne lifestyle and use small wooden sailing vessels such as the 5239: 3672:

and other Muslim Austronesian ethnic groups usually equate Tuhan with Allah. Compare with

1863:

The Sama–Bajau peoples speak some ten languages of the Sama–Bajau subgroup of the Western

793: 773:

is "Samboangan" (literally "mooring place"), which was derived from the Sinama word for a

8: 10544: 10517: 9898: 9422: 9371: 8653: 8573: 8423: 5397: 5287:, vol. III, Philippine Center of Investigative Journalism, June 2001, archived from 4121:"Ethnicity and aquatic lifestyles: exploring Southeast Asia's past and present seascapes" 4019: 3495: 3392: 3379: 2791: 1747: 1433: 1077: 982: 868: 821: 766: 546: 272: 259: 186: 7531: 6911: 6670: 6270:

Current Issues in Philippine Linguistics and Anthropology: parangal kay Lawrence A. Reid

5521: 5443: 4602: 4585:

Larena, Maximilian; Sanchez-Quinto, Federico; Sjödin, Per; et al. (30 March 2021).

4139: 816:

In 1965, the anthropologist David E. Sopher claimed that the Sama-Bajau, along with the

630: 10655: 10576: 10073: 9958: 9709: 9704: 9551: 9272: 9267: 9257: 8533: 7910: 7905: 7897: 7685: 7541: 7526: 7363: 6933: 6876: 6560: 6448: 6112: 5954:, translated from "The Bugis", Christian Pelras, 1996, Oxford:Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 5713: 5533: 5101: 5076: 4962:. LSP Special Monograph Issue 24. Linguistic Society of the Philippines. Archived from 4745: 4629: 4586: 4524: 4516: 4153: 3891: 3660:(literally "god" or "master") is a common word referring to a supreme deity in various 3466: 3363:(Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Osu bin Sukam) – The twelfth Chief Minister of Sabah from 3346: 3340: 3106: 2858:

In visual arts, Sama-Bajau have an ancient tradition of carving and sculpting known as

2623: 1672:(Philippines, Malaysia) – "Samal" (also spelled "Siamal" or "Siyamal") is a Tausūg and 1596: 1343:

Sama-Bajau fishermen are often associated with illegal and destructive practices, like

1130: 952:

around 15,000 to 12,000 years ago. These populations admixed with both the preexisting

519: 454: 295: 6920: 6895: 5425: 4794: 4336: 2459:'s indigenous cosmology is extremely vast. Examples of figures in their cosmology are 1644: 839: 10603: 10586: 10353: 10093: 10001: 9992: 9808: 9791: 9784: 9774: 9769: 9665: 9650: 9613: 9608: 9598: 9442: 9243: 9207: 9158: 9140: 8868: 8705: 8636: 8388: 7670: 7642: 7594: 7536: 7348: 6925: 6868: 6825: 6798: 6697: 6407: 6330: 6273: 5971: 5947: 5886: 5861: 5738: 5537: 5451: 5406: 5319: 5262: 5129: 5106: 5055: 4660:

Four Oral Versions of a Story about the Origin of the Bajo People of Southern Selayar

4634: 4616: 4528: 4464:

Blair, Emma Helen; Robertson, James Alexander; Bourne., Edward Gaylord, eds. (1903).

4453:. 2011 International Conference on Humanities, Society and Culture. pp. 287–291. 4443: 4311: 4247: 3898: 3834: 3806: 3298: 3239: 3118: 2313: 1927: 1923: 1663: 1637: 1548: 1437: 1226: 1134: 1069: 1055: 844: 757: 730: 642: 623: 178: 6937: 6880: 6564: 6452: 4441: 4157: 2328:) after surviving a serious or near-fatal illness. For the rest of their lives, the 10679: 10613: 10529: 10365: 10348: 10128: 10108: 10103: 10098: 9893: 9873: 9866: 9823: 9813: 9726: 9516: 9297: 9292: 9177: 8950: 8853: 8690: 8611: 8500: 8356: 8346: 8259: 8086: 8000: 7768: 7637: 7604: 7408: 7378: 7358: 6956: 6915: 6860: 6788: 5999: 5925: 5703: 5525: 5447: 5096: 5088: 5051: 5047: 5037: 4658: 4624: 4606: 4508: 4143: 3846: 3546: 3538: 3443: 3431: 3320: 2952: 2877: 2702: 2647: 1915: 1900: 1892: 1802: 1770: 1673: 1189: 1146: 1089: 925: 829: 619: 586:

is unclear. Some authors have proposed that it is derived from a corruption of the

419: 374: 304: 235: 194: 10033: 9096: 8244: 7700: 7383: 5077:"The last sea nomads of the Indonesian archipelago: genomic origins and dispersal" 4797:"The Sama-Bajaus of Sulu-Sulawesi Seas: perspectives from linguistics and culture" 4073: 1903:

and other languages of the predominantly animistic ethnic groups of Mindanao, the

1233: 876: 806: 239: 10667: 10549: 10440: 10375: 10328: 10323: 10088: 10068: 10063: 10053: 10011: 9970: 9953: 9948: 9912: 9796: 9764: 9736: 9692: 9573: 9396: 9375: 9360: 9356: 9129: 9123: 9079: 9044: 8965: 8848: 8663: 8621: 8578: 8553: 8398: 8326: 8321: 8284: 8264: 8227: 8005: 7854: 7738: 7627: 7579: 7574: 7485: 7297: 7262: 5529: 4065: 4045: 3642: 3588: 3561: 3511: 3456: 3364: 3160:

It has been suggested by some researchers that the Sama-Bajau people's visits to

3098: 3082: 2309: 2207: 1846: 1766: 1584: 1572: 1348: 1333: 1329: 1182: 1174: 1100: 937: 825: 746:

strengthens their ties to Islam, which puts them in a favourable position in the

741:) also fell in love with the princess. On the way to Sulu, they were attacked by 729:

royal guards who were escorting a princess named Dayang Ayesha for marriage to a

282:. The name collectively refers to related people who usually call themselves the 174: 6864: 5031: 4023: 3333:– The eighth Governor of Sabah and also the eighth Chief Minister of Sabah from 3257:(1987) – A Filipino Film directed by Jose Antonio Alonzo and Jerry O. Tironazona 3089:

gene. Other genes that appear to have been under selection in the Bajau include

3001:

The rehabilitation of a traditional Sama-Bajau house in the Heritage Village of

2339:

One important religious event among the Sama-Bajau is the annual feast known as

1452:

Sama-Bajau can be divided into three general groups based on where they settle:

10691: 10559: 10494: 10467: 10452: 10415: 10400: 10218: 10143: 9987: 9856: 9741: 9635: 9620: 9588: 9192: 9135: 9035: 9000: 8970: 8925: 8898: 8863: 8774: 8695: 8673: 8548: 8528: 8208: 8173: 8061: 7831: 7821: 7763: 7690: 7632: 7599: 7584: 7569: 7551: 7511: 7501: 7496: 7368: 6793: 6776: 5241:

The Possibility of Ethnogenesis of the Badjao in Barangay Tambacan, Iligan City

4829: 3745:"Total population by ethnic group, administrative district and state, Malaysia" 3679: 3591:– Former Malaysian football player, younger brother of Matlan from Kota Belud. 3505: 3499: 3481: 3330: 3114: 3081:

are about 50 percent larger than those of a neighbouring land-based group, the

2917: 2897: 2673: 2634: 2199: 1842: 1816: 1762: 1592: 1510: 1170: 1162:

harbour in Sulawesi was the site of a small settlement of Sama-Bajau under the

1031: 1010: 900: 872: 809:

who are more closely related to the northern Philippine ethnic groups like the

770: 587: 182: 9331: 6984:. Volume 8 of Human relations area files: Murngin. F. W. Cheshire. p. 34. 5708: 5691: 5288: 4244:

Keeping the Peace: Conflict Resolution and Peaceful Societies Around the World

4148: 3927:(Social Anthropology Bachelor's thesis). University of Utrecht. Archived from 3130: 3050: 2385:), which includes calling the names of ancestors out loud, are offered to the 2095:

An-Nur Mosque, the main mosque in the Bajau village of Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia

2091: 1359:. It is believed that the Sama-Bajau resort to these activities mainly due to 1095: 657: 10701: 10522: 10499: 10489: 10479: 10474: 10445: 10358: 10338: 10278: 10263: 10228: 10213: 10148: 10118: 10058: 9975: 9941: 9929: 9917: 9888: 9843: 9801: 9759: 9731: 9645: 9603: 9458: 9202: 9197: 9187: 9101: 9086: 9054: 8995: 8975: 8930: 8908: 8858: 8784: 8767: 8658: 8626: 8563: 8336: 8292: 8276: 8254: 8168: 7925: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7730: 7680: 7675: 7589: 7546: 7521: 7506: 7353: 7267: 7108: 6829: 6370:

JATI: Jurnal Jabatan Pengajian Asia Tenggara Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial

6272:. Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL Philippines. pp. 31–68. 4620: 4069: 4037: 3851: 3669: 3665: 3567: 3535: 3414: 3288: 3228: 3113:

when carbon dioxide accumulates; and another one involved in the response to

3002: 2982: 2924: 2913: 2847: 2420: 2396:

Another annual religious ceremony among the boat-dwelling Sama Dilaut is the

2243: 2081: 2073: 2065: 2010: 1934: 1904: 1850: 1739: 1730:(Malaysia) – Also known as "Sama Kota Belud". Native to the western coast of 1363:

brought about by the restrictions imposed on their nomadic culture by modern

1356: 1344: 1272: 1138: 965: 961: 933: 920: 884: 880: 538:

by other Bajau groups, which has been adopted by Malaysian mainstream media.

443: 408: 226: 38: 8439: 6075: 4611: 3323:– The seventh Governor of Sabah and the fourth Chief Minister of Sabah from 3133:

than Europeans, although it is not known if this trait has a genetic basis.

10435: 10430: 10405: 10395: 10390: 10380: 10343: 10333: 10258: 10243: 10198: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10138: 10083: 10006: 9965: 9936: 9878: 9848: 9818: 9779: 9630: 9541: 9526: 9182: 9172: 9069: 9064: 9020: 9005: 8940: 8888: 8843: 8831: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8779: 8747: 8683: 8606: 8363: 8351: 8239: 8217: 8193: 8178: 7836: 7791: 7773: 7758: 7705: 7609: 7388: 7249: 6929: 6872: 6802: 6701: 5110: 4638: 4041: 3531: 3400: 3373: 3354: 3292: 3022: 2546:

performing a warrior dance, whereupon the participants will proceed to the

2044:

Religion can vary among the Sama-Bajau subgroups; from strict adherence to

1995: 1919: 1911: 1830: 1608: 1568: 1557: 1494: 1364: 1352: 1241: 1159: 1047: 916: 864: 595: 462: 275: 251: 222: 66: 6299:(in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Archived from 5906: 3754:. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2010. pp. 369/1. Archived from 3195:

The Sama-Bajau have also been the subject of several films. They include:

10593: 10484: 10462: 10385: 10308: 10288: 10283: 10248: 10238: 10223: 10203: 10193: 10168: 10113: 10018: 9924: 9716: 9680: 9660: 9625: 9578: 9546: 9536: 9499: 9229: 8955: 8903: 8762: 8752: 8742: 8700: 8647: 8368: 8331: 8101: 7872: 7657: 7328: 6683: 5567:"Sama-Bajau fishermen taught the do's and don'ts of coastal conservation" 5092: 3606: 3161: 3063: 2794:. There are several types of Sama-Bajau traditional songs, they include: 2656: 2610: 2441: 2424: 2413: 2045: 1786: 1650: 1560:". The following are the major subgroups usually recognised as distinct: 1468: 1337: 1321: 1051: 1014: 945: 719: 695: 487: 439: 427: 389: 243: 210: 97: 7146:"'Badjao Girl' Rita Gabiola gets a makeover — see her amazing new look!" 7103: 5717: 4795:

Rodney C. Jubilado; Hanafi Hussin & Maria Khristina Manueli (2011).

4444:"From the Seas to the Streets: The Bajau in Diaspora in the Philippines" 3058:, Bohol, Philippines, diving for coins thrown by tourists into the water 1875:, especially in Malaysia. Most Sama-Bajau can speak multiple languages. 1443: 1267: 851: 564:

referred to the more land-oriented and settled Sama–Bajau groups, while

10581: 10564: 10233: 10160: 10023: 9861: 9640: 9223: 9115: 9059: 8935: 8757: 8732: 8719: 8480: 8271: 7877: 5042: 4520: 3611: 3578: 3324: 3150: 3074: 3055: 3009:

Though some Sama-Bajau headsmen have been given honorific titles like "

2133: 2077: 2061: 2049: 2026: 1824: 1735: 1719: 1613: 1580: 1518: 1253: 1166: 973: 957: 892: 817: 674: 470: 458: 7796: 6074:. Department of Tourism, Government of the Philippines. Archived from 4442:

Nimfa L. Bracamonte; Astrid S. Boza & Teresita O. Poblete (2011).

3722:. Government of the Philippines National Statistics Office. April 2013 3656: 2562:

tree before the celebrants say their farewells to the spirits. Unlike

2367:) and are then laid out in small conical piles symbolic of mountains ( 2296:

presides over Sama-Bajau community events along with mediums known as

1871:

is the most common name for these languages, but they are also called

1259: 541: 10539: 10423: 9982: 9049: 8945: 8915: 8249: 7450: 6004: 5426:

Field, I.C.; Meekan, M.G.; Buckworth, R.C.; Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2009).

4587:"Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years" 4085: 3582: 3439: 3360: 3216: 3176: 2966: 2778: 2773: 2745: 2696:

Sama-Bajau women also use a traditional sun-protecting powder called

2100: 1472: 1377: 1360: 1317: 994: 949: 888: 415: 247: 190: 133: 7230: 6107:(in Abaknon abx). Summer Institute of Linguistics - Philippines Inc. 4512: 3413:– Member of Parliament of Kota Belud in the Dewan Rakyat (also half 3153:, adopted primarily to symbolise the large Sama-Bajau population in 2654:

A few Sama-Bajau still live traditionally. They live in houseboats (

2590: 10457: 10318: 10045: 9697: 9025: 8198: 7943: 7935: 7920: 7619: 7561: 7490: 5399:

Boats to Burn: Bajo fishing activity in the Australian fishing zone

4364: 3893:

The sea people of Sulu: a study of social change in the Philippines

3689: 3684: 3485: 3334: 3249:(2013) – A Filipino short film produced by Nadjoua and Linda Bansil 3234: 3110: 3018: 3014: 2852: 2677: 2614: 2434: 2373: 2084:

Islam, revering local sea spirits, known in Islamic terminology as

2057: 1955: 1811:(Philippines) – Found in the mountainous interior of the island of 1774: 1627: 1576: 1464: 1313: 1284: 1142: 1118: 1081: 1026: 969: 810: 769:

by a giant stingray. Incidentally, the native pre-Hispanic name of

554: 435: 423: 379: 115: 10686: 6507:. In Birgit Abels; Morag Josephine Grant; Andreas Waczkat (eds.). 5215:. Amana': Empowering the Outcasts. 4 December 2012. Archived from 5074: 2672:

being the most common types) which generally accommodate a single

446:. As of 2010, they were the second-largest ethnic group in Sabah. 9907: 9508: 9030: 8893: 8880: 8821: 8583: 8341: 8297: 8203: 7887: 7864: 7846: 7826: 7806: 6896:"Superior Underwater Vision in a Human Population of Sea Gypsies" 6546:"The Boats of the Tawi-Tawi Bajau, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines" 4584: 4077: 4057: 3674: 3435: 3350: 3165: 3122: 3102: 3067: 2558:

tree. Further games and celebrations are held under the original

1812: 1778: 1685: 1677: 1502: 1498: 1447:

Sama-Bajau woman and children from Omadal Island, Sabah, Malaysia

1397: 1388:

in Sinama), particularly diving for coins thrown by inter-island

1305: 1301: 1245: 1084:

by the Dutch colonies in 1675, in Sulawesi and eastern Borneo by

1043: 986: 978: 953: 798: 691: 7132:"Viral photo of Badjao girl portrays tribe's displacement – HRW" 6853:

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology

4913:"On cultural fluidity: The Sama-Bajau of the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas" 2308:

are said to be "spirit-bearers" and are believed to be hosts of

1099:

A Bajau chieftain in traditional attire from Kampung Menkabong,

1068:

Sama-Bajau were first recorded by European explorers in 1521 by

9835: 9311: 9074: 9010: 8826: 8816: 8811: 8791: 8222: 8183: 7816: 7516: 6777:"Physiological and Genetic Adaptations to Diving in Sea Nomads" 3921:

Living on Boundaries: The Orang Bajo of Tinakin Laut, Indonesia

3396: 3284: 3261: 3169: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3034: 3030: 2787: 2662: 2400:(literally "festive gathering"). It involves ritual dancing to 2261:

and occasionally punishing by causing serious incidents called

2053: 1631: 1514: 1126: 742: 580: 431: 414:

The Sama-Bajau are the dominant ethnic group of the islands of

365: 151: 6096: 2997: 2515:

are believed to take possession of the dancers, whereupon the

1567:(Indonesia) – Also known as "Same'" (or simply "Sama") by the 1396:). Other traditional sources of income include selling grated 1308:, the northern coast of Mindanao, and even as far as southern 753:(similar to the usage of the name "Bajau" instead of "Sama"). 579:

meaning "together", "same", or "kin". The exact origin of the

10628: 10313: 9583: 9015: 8987: 8838: 8643: 8631: 8616: 8316: 8188: 7811: 7801: 7783: 7477: 7455: 6773: 5621:"'Badjao Girl' thanks Allah for family's new life, blessings" 4061: 4053: 3601: 3564:

in 13 hours, 45 minutes, and 45 seconds on 21 September 2012.

3475: 3314: 3310: 3154: 3126: 3026: 2961: 2882: 2765: 2740: 2668: 2629: 2618: 2456: 2377:), while one-third is set aside for making sweet rice cakes ( 2269: 2227: 2159: 2137: 1980: 1951: 1820: 1782: 1758: 1731: 1707: 1703: 1689: 1681: 1506: 1467:

Sama". These are the Sama-Bajau which traditionally lived in

1417: 1409: 1389: 1309: 1249: 1163: 896: 855:

Sama-Bajau woman anchoring a family boat (banglo) in Malaysia

726: 683: 550: 450: 404: 395: 319: 313: 255: 230: 62: 6893: 6684:

Schagatay E; Lodin-Sundström A; Abrahamsson E (March 2011).

6640:. ASEAN Committee on Culture and Information. Archived from 5244:. The International Conferences on Social Sciences Research. 3121:, leading to a uniquely increased frequency of the relevant 2908: 2451: 1676:

term and is sometimes considered offensive. Their preferred

1192:, the Sama-Bajau were involved in two uprisings against the 10370: 9751: 6739:"Diving deep on one breath could be in a 'sea nomad's' DNA" 6434:"Some Implications of the Okir Motif in Lanao and Sulu Art" 6360: 6186:"The last Tribes of Mindanao, the Yakan; Mountain Dwellers" 4303: 3010: 2892: 2860: 2734: 2715: 2289: 2154: 2085: 1791: 1490: 1151: 1137:) were involved, along with non-Sama-Bajau groups like the 990: 575:

is believed to have originated from the Sanskrit root word

6630: 6022:. Sabah Tourism Board, Malaysia Government. Archived from 5855: 5500: 5213:"Bajau Laut of Semporna: Peaceful Nomads or Fish Bombers?" 5195:

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

5033:

The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives

3386:, former Member of Parliament of Malaysia from Kota Belud. 2158:

carving traditions. These originated from the pre-Islamic

661:

Regions inhabited by peoples usually known as "Sea Nomads"

316: 30:

This article is about the peoples. For the languages, see

7239: 6997:""Flamboyant" New Squid Worm Surprises, Delights Experts" 6743: 5692:"Parrang Sabbil: Ritual Suicide Among the Tausug of Jolo" 5647:"Meet the Filipino 'instant celebrities' of Social Media" 5126:

The Tausug violence and law in Philippines Moslem society

5030:. In Peter Bellwood; James J. Fox; Darrell Tryon (eds.). 3343:– The ninth Governor of Sabah from Inanam, Kota Kinabalu. 2935:) on the front and decorated with silver floral designs ( 2676:(usually five people). The houseboats travel together in 2235: 639:

Historia de las Islas de Mindanao, Iolo, y sus adyacentes

331: 6849: 6210:

Clifford Sather, "The Bajau Laut", Oxford U. Press, 1997

5467:"Bajau Fishers: A Plea for Tempering Justice with Mercy" 3986:"The Bajau, the Badjao, the Samals, and the Sama People" 3423:– Former Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly for 3062:

Sama-Bajau are noted for their exceptional abilities in

2923:

The more settled land-based West Coast Bajau are expert

2253:("guardian", literally "one who deflects attacks"). The 1914:

proposed that the Sama-Bajaw languages derived from the

1878:

The Sama-Bajau languages were once classified under the

1648:

The Regatta Lepa festival in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia.

1181:

sent a punitive expedition in retaliation for Bugis and

1117:

Sama-Bajau were often widely mentioned in connection to

27:

Group of Austronesian peoples of Maritime Southeast Asia

6978:

Berndt, Ronald Murray; Berndt, Catherine Helen (1954).

5128:. New York: Holf, Reinhart and Winston. pp. 22–3. 4982:"The Secret Lives of Bajau Sea Gypsies: A True Account" 4337:"Bahasa Sama-Bajaw: Sama Bajau (Sama-Badjao) Varieties" 2519:

will assist in releasing them at the end of the dance.

6584: 6482:

Anthropological Papers (National Museum (Philippines))

5763:. Bayombong: Saint Mary's College. 1979. p. 110. 5254: 4118: 3549:(where he won 5 bronze medals, and 1 silver), and the 3185:, was named after the Sama-Bajau people of Tawi-Tawi. 2916:

in their hometown of Kota Belud, with a background of

2332:

is believed to share their bodies with the particular

2226:(the spirits of the first rice harvest). They include 883:

kingdoms both culturally and linguistically, becoming

690:

For most of their history, the Sama-Bajau have been a

10639: 7074: 5924:. Digital Atlas of Indonesian History. Archived from 5883:

Ethnicity and Religion: Intersections and Comparisons

5618: 5366:"Little People Waging Big Battles: A HealthGov Story" 4463: 3117:. These adaptations were found to likely result from 2324:

are believed to have acquired their familiar spirit (

1849:, one of the major Bajau settlement off the coast of 7438: 6329:. Islamic Tourism Centre of Malaysia. Archived from 6133:"Capul Island trip, discovering culture and history" 5963: 5087:(8). European Society of Human Genetics: 1004–1010. 4952: 328: 310: 6511:. Göttinger Studien zur Musikwissenschaft Volume 3. 5922:"Bajau Laut settlements in Kalimantan and Sulawesi" 5780:"How Asia's Super Divers Evolved for a Life At Sea" 5569:. Zamboanga Times. 25 November 2012. Archived from 5464: 4175: 3265:(2019) – A Filipino TV series directed by Zig Dulay 1965:

Religions of Sama-Bajau (Malaysian population only)

1291:This discrimination and the continuing violence in 325: 307: 7327: 7284:, éditions Pocket, collection Terre Humaine, Paris 5998:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Texas at Arlington. 5734:Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippines 5669:"Viral: 'Badjao Girl' finds hope in internet fame" 5318:. Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 286. 4910: 3957: 3890: 3570:– Former Malaysian football player and the former 1263:A typical Sama-Bajau settlement in the Philippines 41:, an unrelated ethnic group in Pakistan and India. 6607: 5075:Kusuma P; Brucato N; Cox MP; et al. (2017). 2320:never lose control of their bodies. Instead, the 1718:The traditional house of the west coast Bajau in 1088:in the 1770s, and in the west coast of Borneo by 10699: 7194:"Semporna welcomes home English Channel swimmer" 6294:"2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia" 5989: 5987: 5860:. IUCN Species Survival Commission. p. 36. 5737:(2nd ed.). New Day Publishers. p. 56. 5188: 4215: 3833:Maglana, Matthew Constancio (12 December 2016). 3446:. He succeeded as Sulu Sultan from 1936 to 1964. 3136: 2412:. The ritual is first celebrated under a sacred 2170:Other objects of reverence are spirits known as 1933:Sama-Bajau languages are usually written in the 1375:instead of explosives). Medical health centres ( 7282:Peuple nomade de la mer, les Badjos d'Indonésie 5880: 5760:Journal of Northern Luzon, Volume 9, Issues 1-2 5395: 5025: 4591:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4310:. Cross/Cultures 94. Rodopi. pp. 153–161. 3953: 3951: 3949: 3399:as well the former Member of Parliament in the 3301:(Tun Datu Mustapha bin Datu Harun) – The first 1634:against coastal communities and passing ships. 1248:folk religions either exclusively or alongside 9488: 7051: 6241: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 3553:. He was more popularly known as Bapa' Banana. 3037:. Likely introduced by the Sultanate of Sulu. 1684:, though many have also migrated north to the 860:Sama-Bajau independently from the Orang laut. 418:. They are also found in other islands of the 9474: 8469: 8455: 8117: 7424: 7313: 7101: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6499: 5984: 5594:"DSWD-NCR Assists Sama Bajau in Metro Manila" 5391: 5389: 5387: 5311: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4362: 3807:"Indigenous peoples of the world — the Bajau" 3773: 3556:Estino Taniyu – A Malaysian swimmer from the 3040: 2943:) with gold lace trimmings, and a headpiece ( 2471:(two sons of a datu spearing another figure, 788: 7166: 7054:"Jenazah Yanie (mentor) Selamat Disemadikan" 7027:National Commission for Culture and the Arts 6977: 6843: 6730: 6704:. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013 6677: 6509:Oceans of Sound: Sama Dilaut Performing Arts 6267: 6213: 5919: 5874: 5696:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 4906: 4790: 4788: 4786: 3946: 3283:(Datu Muhammad Salleh) – Sabah warrior from 3219:TV documentary produced by Matthew Malpelli. 3164:gave rise to the accounts of the mysterious 2268:Traditional Sama-Bajau communities may have 2210:); some literature refers to all of them as 1781:). In the 1300s, they refused to convert to 1575:. They are Sama-Bajau groups who settled in 7077:"Azwan Kombos Mahu Kahwin Pakai Baju Bajau" 6887: 6361:Hanafi Hussin & MCM Santamaria (2008). 5849: 5591: 5153: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4738:Social Organization of the West Coast Bajau 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4266: 4164: 4093: 3888: 3238:(2012) – A Filipino drama film directed by 2706:, made from water weeds, rice, and spices. 2511:. If the dance and music are pleasing, the 2433:and afterwards in the centre of a grove of 964:of mainland Southeast Asia, as well as the 9481: 9467: 8462: 8448: 8131: 8124: 8110: 7431: 7417: 7320: 7306: 6809: 6758: 6601: 6471: 6469: 6427: 6425: 6060: 5501:Julian Clifton & Chris Majors (2012). 5384: 5021: 5019: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4548: 4420: 4404:. iWonder. 21 October 2013. Archived from 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 3073:More than a thousand years of subsistence 3045: 2724:A Bajau girl clad in her traditional dress 2585:may occur. During these celebrations, the 2351:. In this ceremony, newly harvested rice ( 2111:, the "Lord of the Sea") and his consort, 1283:Bokori, a Sama-Bajau village in southwest 1169:. They were significantly involved in the 560:Historically in the Philippines, the term 55: 7079:(in Malay). Media Hiburan. Archived from 6950: 6919: 6792: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6408:"Exploration into Sama Philosophy: OMBOH" 6402: 6400: 6398: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6151: 6003: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5707: 5419: 5358: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5100: 5041: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4804:JATI – Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4628: 4610: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4494: 4492: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4147: 3960:"Statelessness and child rights in Sabah" 3917: 3911: 3850: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3450: 2709: 2389:after the rice meals have been prepared. 2230:spirits of animals and plants, including 1414:Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 1408:), and jewellery-making (especially from 843:A Sama woman making a traditional mat in 9306: 9216: 6736: 6587:"The Philippine-Malaysian Sabah Dispute" 5644: 5465:Jamil Maidan Flores (14 December 2014). 5275: 4956:Culture Contact and Language Convergence 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4883: 4763: 4549:Langenheim, Johnny (17 September 2010). 4535: 3884: 3882: 3140: 3049: 2996: 2907: 2841:. The most well-known of these three is 2727: 2719: 2640: 2622: 2450: 2423:, known elsewhere in the Philippines as 2142: 2090: 1841: 1713: 1643: 1602: 1442: 1336:in these areas has led to concern about 1278: 1266: 1258: 1211: 1094: 1037: 1035:Sulu archipelago and parts of Mindanao. 1004: 850: 838: 792: 714:Most of the various oral traditions and 656: 629:In the 17th-century, the Spanish priest 540: 480: 7186: 7075:Zulqarnain Abu Hassan (16 March 2016). 6988: 6981:Arnhem Land: its history and its people 6656: 6654: 6634:Three Singers: The Keepers of Tradition 6475: 6466: 6431: 6422: 6038: 6012: 5307: 5305: 4979: 4859:Suhari, Syamsul Huda M. (7 June 2013). 4847: 4827: 4821: 4683: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4383: 4351: 4196: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3832: 3541:who represented the Philippines in the 3517:Rita Gaviola – Filipino actress in the 3291:, during the British administration of 14: 10700: 6994: 6815: 6624: 6585:Lucio Blanco Pitlo III (29 May 2013). 6488: 6395: 6345: 6235: 6090: 5993: 5957: 5823: 5790: 5730: 5689: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5182: 5142: 5123: 5081:The European Journal of Human Genetics 4996: 4858: 4734: 4713: 4573: 4561:from the original on 18 September 2010 4498: 4489: 4480: 4474: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4286: 4260: 4241: 3958:Catherine Allerton (5 December 2014). 3817: 2284:are known in Muslim Sama-Bajau as the 2218:(the spirits of wind and storms), and 1058:(present-day North Maluku, Indonesia) 294:, "Sama people"); or are known by the 10743:Muslim communities of the Philippines 9462: 8443: 8105: 7412: 7301: 7160: 7104:"Ezzaty, Azwan Kombos nikah 16 Julai" 6578: 6543: 6537: 6261: 6117:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( 5913: 5619:Delfin T. Mallari Jr. (2 June 2016). 5458: 5248: 5205: 4927: 4457: 3739: 3737: 3269: 3204:(1957) – A Filipino film directed by 1000: 652: 514:, though they never call themselves 407:are also known for their traditional 6818:"Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea" 6660: 6651: 5777: 5585: 5559: 5405:. Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press. 5302: 5231: 4973: 4684:Quiling, Mucha-Shim Lahaman (2012). 4670: 4645: 4246:. New York: Routledge. p. 126. 3859: 3787:. Kauman Sama Online. 4 January 2013 3781:"What Language do the Badjao Speak?" 3508:– Malaysian actress from Lahad Datu. 2597:dancing. In times of epidemics, the 2312:. It is not, however, regarded as a 2174:("ancestor", also variously spelled 1207: 972:. The study also identifies minimal 403:). Some Sama-Bajau groups native to 84:Regions with significant populations 7656: 7293:Short BBC documentary on the Bajau 6631:Inon Shaharuddin A. Rahman (2008). 6608:Berta Tilmantaite (20 March 2014). 6183: 5489: 5340:"RCI report: Who are the illegals?" 5332: 4744:. SIL International. Archived from 4324: 3227:(2011) Indonesian film directed by 3168:people in the myths of Australia's 24: 7215: 7020: 6995:Watson, Traci (26 November 2010). 6663:"What freediving does to the body" 5661: 5638: 5612: 4710:The Work of 2011/2012 API Fellows. 3734: 3577:Eldio "Imam" Gulisan – A Filipino 3514:– Malaysian actor from Kota Belud. 3305:(governor) of Sabah and the third 3109:, which is related to maintaining 1179:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army 709: 602:, which means "to fish". The term 518:in the Philippines. Instead, they 430:; as well as northern and eastern 426:and other islands in the southern 25: 10759: 6251:Philippine Journal of Linguistics 5946:Manusia Bugis, Christian Pelras, 5315:Negotiating globalization in Asia 5258:A handbook of Philippine folklore 5036:. ANU E Press. pp. 257–264. 4467:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898 3438:, in what is now the province of 2499:perform the first dance known as 2483:and involves female and male and 1865:Malayo-Polynesian language family 10738:Ethnic groups in the Philippines 10685: 10673: 10661: 10649: 7440:Ethnic groups in the Philippines 7397: 7138: 7124: 7095: 7068: 7052:Kemalia Othman (22 March 2010). 7045: 7014: 6971: 6944: 6610:"In Pictures: Nomads of the sea" 6521: 5592:Glenn Lopez (18 December 2013). 5452:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00325.x 2903: 2890:later inspired the very similar 2604: 2444:) symbolising the female spirit 1757:(Philippines) – a subgroup from 1513:agriculture (in contrast to the 1009:Sama-Bajau houses in Cawa Cawa, 491:houseboat from the Philippines ( 461:of southeastern Sumatra and the 303: 144: 126: 108: 90: 6661:Lane, Megan (12 January 2011). 6515: 6319: 6286: 6204: 6177: 6125: 5940: 5899: 5771: 5751: 5724: 5683: 5255:Mellie Leandicho Lopez (2006). 5117: 5068: 4235: 4119:Tom Gunnar Hoogervorst (2012). 4004: 3649: 3635: 3461:National Living Treasures Award 3395:– Former Cabinet Minister from 2969:with a colourful outfit called 2760:) and musical instruments like 2393:is a solemn and formal affair. 2363:) are recited. They are dried ( 2152:grave markers showing the Sama 1256:insurgents as well as pirates. 871:who practised both fishing and 7280:François-Robert Zacot (2009). 7236:More information on the Bajaus 7102:Zaidi Mohamad (15 June 2016). 6816:Zimmer, Carl (19 April 2018). 6737:Nedelman, M. (19 April 2018). 6690:Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 6223:. Countries and Their Cultures 6048:. Countries and Their Cultures 5671:. Coconuts Manila. 26 May 2016 5510:Society & Natural Resource 5191:"Reflections on Bajau History" 4980:Bernard, Brad (6 March 2014). 4501:Memoirs of the National Museum 3978: 3799: 3705: 3175:In 2010, the newly discovered 2589:may be consulted for a public 2554:to come with them back to the 2429:) symbolising the male spirit 2408:, and ancestral ghosts called 2190:referred more specifically to 1785:and submit to the rule of the 1696:was possibly named after them. 1369:non-governmental organisations 1332:encroachment of Corporate Sea 1194:North Borneo Chartered Company 1190:British colonial rule of Sabah 13: 1: 7227:Journey in Borneo with Bajaus 7220: 6921:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00290-2 6478:"Southwestern Philippine Art" 6410:. Limpah Tangan . 22 May 2011 6101:I Capul: Siray Pati' Ina'anto 6020:"Pesta Regatta Lepa Semporna" 5996:A Grammar of West Coast Bajau 5964:James Francis Warren (2007). 4953:Alfred Kemp Pallasen (1985). 4485:. Herederos de Pabllo de Val. 3962:. New Mandala. Archived from 3699: 3212:Bajau Laut: Nomads of the Sea 3137:Depictions in popular culture 2479:The trance dancing is called 2276:) traditionally known as the 1926:. It is classified under the 1244:because they still practised 1108: 1059: 492: 9128:Peranakan Eropah (including 7167:Maica Bailon (13 May 2003). 5994:Miller, Mark Turner (2007). 5530:10.1080/08941920.2011.618487 4551:"The last of the sea nomads" 4176:Nimfa L. Bracamonte (2005). 4012:"Sabah's People and History" 2985:hide and padded with cloth ( 2973:that also have brass bells ( 2939:), black or white trousers ( 2186:, etc.). Traditionally, the 2099:The ancient Sama-Bajau were 1880:Central Philippine languages 1853:, East Kalimantan, Indonesia 1837: 1427: 633:calls the Sama-Bajau as the 7: 6955:. CRW Flags. Archived from 6865:10.1152/ajpheart.00080.2016 6253:. Special Monograph Issue. 4911:Rodney C. Jubilado (2010). 3595: 3417:ancestry on paternal side). 3411:Isnaraissah Munirah Majilis 3384:Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat 3274: 3095:peripheral vasoconstriction 2738:carvings on the stern of a 2347:, an offering of thanks to 2166:, due to Islamic influence. 1945: 1694:Island Garden City of Samal 1463:– The "shoreline Sama" or " 1200:from 1894 to 1905, and the 637:(" float on water") in his 476: 10: 10764: 10718:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 9490:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 7245:The last of the sea nomads 6794:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.054 6476:Peralta, Jesus T. (1980). 6432:Baradas, David B. (1968). 5970:. NUS Press. p. 184. 5778:Yong, Ed (20 April 2018). 5690:KIEFER, THOMAS M. (1973). 5284:Twilight of the Sea People 4828:Nagatsu, Kazufumi (2001). 4810:(1): 83–95. Archived from 4481:Combés, Francisco (1667). 3839:Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 3519:Pinoy Big Brother Season 7 3502:from Likas, Kota Kinabalu. 3129:, have been found to have 3041:Biological characteristics 2992: 2965:dagger. The horse is also 2886:) traditions of the Sama. 2713: 2608: 1949: 1940: 1856: 1828: 1635: 1155:of the Sultanate of Sulu. 1074:Magellan-Elcano expedition 820:, descended from ancient " 789:Modern research on origins 61:West Coast Bajau women of 36: 29: 10733:Ethnic groups in Mindanao 10510: 10414: 10297: 10159: 10044: 9834: 9750: 9507: 9496: 9340: 9322: 9242: 9157: 9114: 8986: 8879: 8731: 8718: 8597: 8514: 8499: 8488: 8477: 8471:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 8381: 8309: 8159: 8150: 8139: 8054: 7993: 7967: 7956: 7934: 7896: 7863: 7845: 7782: 7729: 7722: 7618: 7560: 7476: 7469: 7446: 7395: 7339: 7023:"GAMABA: Haja Amina Appi" 6722:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6376:: 159–172. Archived from 5885:. Routledge. p. 37. 5811:. Sinama.org. 14 May 2009 5731:Gowing, Peter G. (1988). 5709:10.1163/22134379-90002734 5625:Philippine Daily Inquirer 5189:Harry Arlo Nimmo (1968). 4216:Kazufumi Nagatsu (2001). 4149:10.1007/s12685-012-0060-0 3525: 2756:), accompanied by dance ( 2359:) while Islamic prayers ( 2288:(literally "custodian of 2035: 2025: 2020: 2009: 2004: 1994: 1989: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 545:A Sama-Bajau flotilla in 221: 216: 205: 200: 165: 160: 142: 124: 106: 88: 83: 78: 73: 54: 8544:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 7288: 7274: 6589:. Sharnoff's Global News 6192:. Global Directions, Inc 5645:Monet Lu (28 May 2016). 5396:Stacey, Natasha (2007). 5261:. UP Press. p. 50. 5026:Clifford Sather (2006). 4861:"Bajo, past and present" 4735:Miller, Mark T. (2011). 4276:Borneo Research Bulletin 4182:Borneo Research Bulletin 3852:10.14710/jscl.v1i2.12089 3628: 3574:captain from Kota Belud. 3484:– Malaysian rapper from 3403:for the constituency of 3246:Bohe': Sons of the Waves 3190:Avatar: The Way of Water 3131:better underwater vision 2977:) attached. The saddle ( 2790:), and in modern times, 2732:Detail of the elaborate 2115:("Lady of the Forest"). 1886:geographic group of the 1583:, Indonesia through the 1373:fish aggregating devices 1271:A Sama-Bajau village in 1092:in the 1850s and 1860s. 887:by the 15th century and 37:Not to be confused with 10713:Ethnic groups in Brunei 10555:Bangka Belitung Chinese 8612:Christmas Island Malays 7256:The sea gypsies of Sulu 7169:"Alligator in the pool" 6544:Nimmo, H. Arlo (1990). 6242:Carl D. Dubois (1976). 5052:2027/mdp.39015051647942 4657:Liebner, Horst (1996). 4612:10.1073/pnas.2026132118 3624:, a disambiguation page 3046:Free-diving adaptations 2959:), and a silver-hilted 2947:). They carry a spear ( 2581:, public dances called 2381:). Additional prayers ( 1326:Exclusive Economic Zone 942:mainland Southeast Asia 797:Sama-Bajau children in 739:Muhammad Shah of Brunei 280:Maritime Southeast Asia 10723:Ethnic groups in Sabah 8133:Ethnic groups in Sabah 7261:2 January 2015 at the 7021:Tobias, Maricris Jan. 6500:Hanafi Hussin (2010). 6327:"Masjid An-Nur Tuaran" 5312:Edsel L. Beja (2006). 4363:Horst Liebner (2012). 4020:Sabah State Government 3662:Austronesian languages 3451:Arts and entertainment 3157: 3093:, which is related to 3059: 3054:A Sama-Bajau child in 3006: 2920: 2749: 2725: 2710:Music, dance, and arts 2651: 2638: 2552:Dayang Dayang Mangilai 2476: 2446:Dayang Dayang Mangilai 2406:Dayang Dayang Mangilai 2167: 2113:Dayang Dayang Mangilai 2096: 2052:(itself influenced by 1910:In 2006, the linguist 1854: 1823:beliefs or practising 1734:, particularly around 1723: 1655: 1619: 1448: 1288: 1276: 1264: 1217: 1114: 1065: 1018: 856: 848: 832:who intermarried with 801: 687: 557: 499: 7148:. Zeibiz. 29 May 2016 6221:"Samal – Orientation" 6046:"Samal – Orientation" 5920:Robert Cribb (2010). 5124:Kiefer, T.M. (1972). 4371:. University of Leeds 4188:: 185. Archived from 3811:peoplesoftheworld.org 3421:Manis Muka Mohd Darah 3303:Yang di-Pertua Negeri 3224:The Mirror Never Lies 3144: 3053: 3000: 2931:) with gold buttons ( 2912:The West Coast Bajau 2911: 2731: 2723: 2644: 2626: 2454: 2194:, different from the 2146: 2094: 2027:No religion / Unknown 1916:Barito lexical region 1888:Austronesian language 1845: 1717: 1647: 1606: 1446: 1282: 1270: 1262: 1215: 1177:(1824–1825) when the 1098: 1042:Residents of a Bajau 1041: 1008: 854: 842: 796: 660: 544: 484: 217:Related ethnic groups 79:1.3 million worldwide 9382:China/Taiwan Chinese 7083:on 16 September 2016 6574:on 15 November 2019. 5837:on 15 September 2008 5809:"Kauman Sama Online" 5291:on 27 September 2011 5154:Waka Aoyama (2014). 5093:10.1038/ejhg.2017.88 4817:on 19 December 2014. 4267:G.N. Appell (1969). 4192:on 18 December 2014. 3897:. Chandler Pub. Co. 3889:Harry Nimmo (1972). 3617:Sama–Bajaw languages 3560:who swam across the 3558:Royal Malaysian Navy 3551:1960 Summer Olympics 3543:1956 Summer Olympics 3206:Lamberto V. Avellana 3182:Teuthidodrilus samae 2792:electronic keyboards 2068:in the Philippines. 2064:, particularly from 1859:Sama-Bajaw languages 1589:Lesser Sunda Islands 1509:through traditional 1198:Mat Salleh rebellion 1147:Straits of Singapore 1105:British North Borneo 909:Austronesian peoples 698:and travelled using 453:of the Burmese-Thai 444:conflict in Mindanao 260:Austronesian peoples 167:Sama–Bajaw languages 32:Sama–Bajaw languages 9342:Foreign ethnicities 8725:Indigenous peoples) 7033:on 25 February 2022 7001:National Geographic 6912:2003CBio...13..833G 6462:on 29 January 2019. 6165:on 18 December 2014 6139:. 24 September 2018 6078:on 21 December 2014 6026:on 20 December 2014 5928:on 17 February 2014 5907:"Bajau, Indonesian" 5600:on 23 December 2013 5573:on 22 December 2014 5547:on 28 December 2013 5522:2012SNatR..25..716C 5477:on 22 December 2014 5444:2009AqFF...10..323F 5219:on 22 December 2014 5170:on 22 December 2014 4871:on 21 December 2014 4751:on 18 December 2014 4603:2021PNAS..11826132L 4597:(13): e2026132118. 4408:on 24 December 2014 4140:2012WatHi...4..245H 3966:on 27 December 2014 3934:on 17 November 2011 3761:on 27 February 2012 3393:Abdul Rahman Dahlan 3380:Pandikar Amin Mulia 3035:commoners and serfs 2782:(kulintang gongs), 1748:Sama-Bajaw language 1434:Sultanate of Brunei 1355:, and cutting down 1078:Zamboanga Peninsula 1076:in what is now the 944:via the now sunken 869:Zamboanga Peninsula 422:, coastal areas of 238:-speaking peoples, 51: 10748:Moro ethnic groups 9283:Indians in Sarawak 8574:Terengganuan Malay 7461:Indigenous peoples 6953:"Sabah (Malaysia)" 6822:The New York Times 6787:(3): 569–580.e15. 6553:Asian Perspectives 6306:on 11 October 2012 6244:"Sarangani Manobo" 6072:Visit Samal Island 5432:Fish and Fisheries 5043:10.22459/A.09.2006 4369:East Asian Studies 4339:. Lowlands-L. 2011 3641:The concept of an 3478:– Filipino singer. 3407:from 2008 to 2018. 3347:Salleh Said Keruak 3341:Ahmadshah Abdullah 3331:Tun Sakaran Dandai 3270:Notable Sama-Bajau 3158: 3147:Sabah coat of arms 3107:carbonic anhydrase 3097:, involved in the 3060: 3007: 2921: 2896:traditions of the 2750: 2726: 2652: 2639: 2495:respectively. The 2477: 2168: 2097: 1930:geographic group. 1855: 1724: 1656: 1620: 1597:Raja Ampat Islands 1449: 1298:illegal immigrants 1289: 1277: 1265: 1218: 1115: 1066: 1019: 1001:Historical records 924:activities of the 857: 849: 802: 688: 653:History and origin 643:Sultanates of Sulu 558: 500: 455:Mergui Archipelago 258:, and other wider 49: 18:Sama-Bajau peoples 10637: 10636: 9456: 9455: 9318: 9317: 9238: 9237: 9208:Penangite Chinese 9153: 9152: 9110: 9109: 8714: 8713: 8569:Selangorian Malay 8534:Kelantanese Malay 8437: 8436: 8404:Malaysian Indians 8389:Malaysian Chinese 8377: 8376: 8099: 8098: 8095: 8094: 7952: 7951: 7944:Suludnon/Tumandok 7718: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7406: 7405: 7056:(in Malay). mStar 6647:on 8 August 2014. 6333:on 12 August 2016 6184:de Jong, Ronald. 5977:978-9971-69-386-2 5412:978-1-920942-95-3 5346:. 4 December 2014 3752:statistics.gov.my 3643:Australoid "race" 3299:Tun Datu Mustapha 3240:Brillante Mendoza 3145:The 1982 to 1988 3119:natural selection 3105:, a regulator of 3005:, Sabah, Malaysia 2843:Pakiring Pakiring 2839:Pakiring Pakiring 2457:Jama Mapun people 2314:spirit possession 2192:ancestral spirits 2040: 2039: 2013:/ Other religions 1895:. Instead of the 1884:Malayo-Polynesian 1722:, Sabah, Malaysia 1638:Banguingui people 1438:Sultanate of Sulu 1275:, Sabah, Malaysia 1227:Sultanate of Sulu 1208:Modern Sama-Bajau 1167:Sultanate of Bone 1070:Antonio Pigafetta 1056:Dutch East Indies 1048:Afdeeling Ternate 847:, Sabah, Malaysia 758:Sultanate of Gowa 624:Filipino migrants 265: 264: 67:traditional dress 16:(Redirected from 10755: 10690: 10689: 10678: 10677: 10676: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10654: 10653: 10652: 10645: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9460: 9459: 9312:Peranakan Chitty 9304: 9303: 9278:Indians in Sabah 9263:Penangite Indian 9214: 9213: 8729: 8728: 8589:Sarawakian Malay 8512: 8511: 8497: 8496: 8464: 8457: 8450: 8441: 8440: 8357:Peninsula Malays 8157: 8156: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8103: 8102: 7965: 7964: 7727: 7726: 7654: 7653: 7474: 7473: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7410: 7409: 7401: 7322: 7315: 7308: 7299: 7298: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7200:. 7 October 2012 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7029:. Archived from 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6948: 6942: 6941: 6923: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6859:(3): H622–H631. 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6796: 6771: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6721: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6669:. Archived from 6658: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6639: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6567:. Archived from 6550: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6528: 6524:"Constellations" 6522:Loza, Cyrlin B. 6519: 6513: 6512: 6506: 6497: 6486: 6485: 6473: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6455:. Archived from 6438: 6429: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6404: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6382: 6367: 6358: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6305: 6298: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6248: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6217: 6211: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6116: 6108: 6106: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6016: 6010: 6009: 6007: 5991: 5982: 5981: 5961: 5955: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5853: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5805: 5788: 5787: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5711: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5546: 5540:. Archived from 5507: 5498: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5473:. Archived from 5462: 5456: 5455: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5404: 5393: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5309: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5169: 5162: 5151: 5140: 5139: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5104: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5045: 5023: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4961: 4950: 4925: 4924: 4908: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4867:. Archived from 4865:The Jakarta Post 4856: 4845: 4844: 4834: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4801: 4792: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4750: 4743: 4732: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4700:on 12 April 2019 4699: 4692: 4681: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4654: 4643: 4642: 4632: 4614: 4582: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4546: 4533: 4532: 4496: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4448: 4439: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4398: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4360: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4333: 4322: 4321: 4301: 4284: 4283: 4273: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4222: 4213: 4194: 4193: 4173: 4162: 4161: 4151: 4125: 4116: 4091: 4090: 4033: 4031: 4022:. Archived from 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3955: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3933: 3926: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3896: 3886: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3830: 3815: 3814: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3760: 3749: 3741: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3717: 3709: 3693: 3653: 3647: 3639: 3547:1958 Asian Games 3444:Jamalul Kiram II 3432:Ombra Amilbangsa 2878:ancestor worship 2754:kanduli pagkawin 2463:(coconut palm), 2355:) are dehusked ( 2336:who saved them. 2310:familiar spirits 2214:. These include 2208:familiar spirits 2160:ancestor worship 1962: 1961: 1803:Mapun, Tawi-Tawi 1771:Abaknon language 1728:West Coast Bajau 1706:and Semporna in 1660:East Coast Bajau 1515:plow agriculture 1404:), mat-weaving ( 1175:Second Bone Wars 1113: 1110: 1090:Spenser St. John 1064: 1061: 926:Srivijaya Empire 830:Riau Archipelago 826:hunter-gatherers 751:laws of Malaysia 735:Sultan of Brunei 696:houses on stilts 686: 681: 677: 672: 668: 667: Sama-Bajau 666: 631:Francisco Combés 620:Malaysian Malays 497: 494: 420:Sulu Archipelago 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 327: 322: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 271:include several 150: 148: 147: 132: 130: 129: 114: 112: 111: 96: 94: 93: 74:Total population 59: 52: 48: 21: 10763: 10762: 10758: 10757: 10756: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10698: 10697: 10696: 10684: 10674: 10672: 10662: 10660: 10650: 10648: 10640: 10638: 10633: 10506: 10410: 10300: 10293: 10155: 10040: 9830: 9746: 9503: 9492: 9487: 9457: 9452: 9343: 9336: 9325:(non-Peranakan) 9324: 9314: 9302: 9246: 9234: 9212: 9161: 9149: 9146:Peranakan Turki 9106: 8982: 8875: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8710: 8593: 8549:Penangite Malay 8503: 8484: 8473: 8468: 8438: 8433: 8399:Arab Malaysians 8373: 8305: 8265:Bruneian Malays 8161: 8146: 8135: 8130: 8100: 8091: 8050: 7989: 7959: 7948: 7930: 7892: 7859: 7841: 7778: 7710: 7652: 7614: 7556: 7465: 7442: 7437: 7407: 7402: 7393: 7335: 7326: 7291: 7277: 7263:Wayback Machine 7223: 7218: 7216:Further reading 7213: 7203: 7201: 7198:The Borneo Post 7192: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7165: 7161: 7151: 7149: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7100: 7096: 7086: 7084: 7073: 7069: 7059: 7057: 7050: 7046: 7036: 7034: 7019: 7015: 7005: 7003: 6993: 6989: 6976: 6972: 6962: 6960: 6951:Ian MacDonald. 6949: 6945: 6906:(10): 833–836. 6900:Current Biology 6892: 6888: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6814: 6810: 6772: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6735: 6731: 6715: 6714: 6707: 6705: 6682: 6678: 6673:on 3 June 2016. 6659: 6652: 6644: 6637: 6629: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6583: 6579: 6571: 6548: 6542: 6538: 6526: 6520: 6516: 6504: 6498: 6489: 6474: 6467: 6459: 6436: 6430: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6396: 6386: 6384: 6380: 6365: 6359: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6280: 6266: 6262: 6246: 6240: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6209: 6205: 6195: 6193: 6182: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6142: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6095: 6091: 6081: 6079: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6051: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6018: 6017: 6013: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5962: 5958: 5945: 5941: 5931: 5929: 5918: 5914: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5854: 5850: 5840: 5838: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5812: 5807: 5806: 5791: 5776: 5772: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5649:. Asian Journal 5643: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5617: 5613: 5603: 5601: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5505: 5499: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5463: 5459: 5424: 5420: 5413: 5402: 5394: 5385: 5375: 5373: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5326: 5310: 5303: 5294: 5292: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5253: 5249: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5152: 5143: 5136: 5122: 5118: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5024: 4997: 4987: 4985: 4978: 4974: 4969:on 11 May 2015. 4966: 4959: 4951: 4928: 4909: 4884: 4874: 4872: 4857: 4848: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4733: 4714: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4682: 4671: 4663: 4655: 4646: 4583: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4547: 4536: 4513:10.2307/2051635 4497: 4490: 4479: 4475: 4462: 4458: 4446: 4440: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4400: 4399: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4361: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4334: 4325: 4318: 4302: 4287: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4240: 4236: 4220: 4214: 4197: 4174: 4165: 4123: 4117: 4094: 4029: 4027: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3956: 3947: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3918:Lotte Kemkens. 3916: 3912: 3905: 3887: 3860: 3831: 3818: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3747: 3743: 3742: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3598: 3589:Zainizam Marjan 3562:English Channel 3528: 3457:Haja Amina Appi 3453: 3321:Tun Said Keruak 3277: 3272: 3139: 3099:diving response 3056:Tagbilaran City 3048: 3043: 2995: 2981:) is made from 2906: 2835:Duldang Duldang 2831:Dalling Dalling 2718: 2712: 2685:points (called 2621: 2607: 2467:(dolphin), and 2107:(also known as 2054:Sufi traditions 2042: 2041: 2033: 2018: 2002: 1987: 1958: 1948: 1943: 1861: 1840: 1833: 1787:Moro sultanates 1769:that speak the 1767:Visayas Islands 1640: 1612:warship of the 1585:Makassar Strait 1436:and the former 1430: 1361:sedentarisation 1349:cyanide fishing 1330:illegal fishing 1293:Muslim Mindanao 1210: 1202:Pandasan Affair 1111: 1062: 1003: 938:hunter-gatherer 824:" (Australoid) 791: 733:. However, the 712: 710:Oral traditions 679: 678: 670: 669: 664: 663: 662: 655: 520:call themselves 495: 479: 339:, also spelled 324: 306: 302: 250: 233: 209: 145: 143: 127: 125: 109: 107: 91: 89: 69: 47: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10761: 10751: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10695: 10694: 10682: 10670: 10658: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10590: 10589: 10584: 10574: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10562: 10560:Maluku Chinese 10557: 10552: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10523:Black Dutchmen 10514: 10512: 10511:Non-indigenous 10508: 10507: 10505: 10504: 10503: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10471: 10470: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10420: 10418: 10416:Maluku Islands 10412: 10411: 10409: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10305: 10303: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10165: 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10153: 10152: 10151: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10050: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10036: 10031: 10021: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10009: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9956: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9934: 9933: 9932: 9922: 9921: 9920: 9915: 9905: 9904: 9903: 9902: 9901: 9896: 9886: 9881: 9871: 9870: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9846: 9840: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9826: 9821: 9811: 9806: 9805: 9804: 9794: 9789: 9788: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9762: 9756: 9754: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9702: 9701: 9700: 9690: 9689: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9513: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9486: 9485: 9478: 9471: 9463: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9369: 9364: 9354: 9348: 9346: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9334: 9328: 9326: 9323:Mixed ancestry 9320: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9310: 9308: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9254: 9252: 9240: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9232: 9227: 9224:Peranakan Cina 9220: 9218: 9211: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9169: 9167: 9155: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9147: 9144: 9141:Peranakan Siam 9138: 9136:Jawi Peranakan 9133: 9126: 9124:Peranakan Arab 9120: 9118: 9112: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9003: 8992: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8980: 8979: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8885: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8872: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8836: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8789: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8771: 8770: 8765: 8755: 8750: 8739: 8737: 8726: 8716: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8696:Burmese Malays 8693: 8688: 8687: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8603: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8579:Bruneian Malay 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8559:Perlisan Malay 8556: 8554:Perakian Malay 8551: 8546: 8541: 8539:Malaccan Malay 8536: 8531: 8526: 8524:Johorean Malay 8520: 8518: 8509: 8494: 8486: 8485: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8467: 8466: 8459: 8452: 8444: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8385: 8383: 8382:Non-Bumiputera 8379: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8360: 8359: 8354: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8287: 8282: 8281:Molbog/Balabak 8279: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8225: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8176: 8165: 8163: 8154: 8148: 8147: 8140: 8137: 8136: 8129: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8106: 8097: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8058: 8056: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7971: 7969: 7962: 7960:or expatriates 7954: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7940: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7902: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7869: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7851: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7788: 7786: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7735: 7733: 7724: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7662: 7660: 7651: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7624: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7480: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7436: 7435: 7428: 7421: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7325: 7324: 7317: 7310: 7302: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7253: 7242: 7233: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7185: 7159: 7137: 7134:. 28 May 2016. 7123: 7094: 7067: 7044: 7013: 6987: 6970: 6959:on 25 May 2016 6943: 6886: 6842: 6808: 6757: 6729: 6676: 6650: 6623: 6600: 6577: 6536: 6531:www.ichcap.org 6514: 6487: 6465: 6447:(2): 129–168. 6421: 6394: 6383:on 17 May 2017 6344: 6318: 6285: 6278: 6260: 6234: 6212: 6203: 6176: 6150: 6124: 6089: 6059: 6037: 6011: 5983: 5976: 5956: 5939: 5912: 5898: 5891: 5873: 5866: 5848: 5822: 5789: 5770: 5750: 5743: 5723: 5682: 5660: 5637: 5611: 5584: 5558: 5516:(7): 716–725. 5488: 5457: 5438:(3): 323–328. 5418: 5411: 5383: 5357: 5331: 5324: 5301: 5274: 5267: 5247: 5230: 5204: 5181: 5141: 5134: 5116: 5067: 5060: 4995: 4984:. myWanderlist 4972: 4926: 4882: 4846: 4820: 4762: 4712: 4669: 4644: 4572: 4534: 4488: 4473: 4456: 4419: 4382: 4350: 4323: 4316: 4285: 4259: 4252: 4234: 4195: 4163: 4134:(3): 245–265. 4092: 4026:on 2 June 2016 4003: 3977: 3945: 3910: 3903: 3858: 3816: 3798: 3772: 3733: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3648: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3586: 3575: 3565: 3554: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3492:Yanie (Mentor) 3489: 3479: 3473: 3464: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3428: 3418: 3408: 3390: 3387: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3358: 3344: 3338: 3328: 3318: 3307:Chief Minister 3296: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3266: 3258: 3254:Anak ng Badjao 3250: 3242: 3231: 3220: 3208: 3138: 3135: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 2994: 2991: 2989:) underneath. 2918:Mount Kinabalu 2905: 2902: 2898:Maranao people 2711: 2708: 2674:nuclear family 2635:Zamboanga City 2606: 2603: 2509:sulingkengkeng 2475:– a blowfish). 2421:strangler figs 2200:nature spirits 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1960: 1959: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1897:primary stress 1857:Main article: 1847:Derawan Island 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1829:Main article: 1817:Sulu Sultanate 1806: 1796: 1763:Northern Samar 1744: 1743: 1712: 1711: 1697: 1667: 1642: 1641: 1636:Main article: 1601: 1600: 1593:Maluku Islands 1553: 1552: 1529:Sama Mandilaut 1522: 1511:slash-and-burn 1476: 1429: 1426: 1357:mangrove trees 1209: 1206: 1086:Thomas Forrest 1032:Maranao people 1011:Zamboanga City 1002: 999: 962:Mlabri peoples 873:slash-and-burn 790: 787: 771:Zamboanga City 711: 708: 654: 651: 528:Sama Mandilaut 478: 475: 263: 262: 236:Greater Barito 219: 218: 214: 213: 207:Predominantly: 203: 202: 198: 197: 163: 162: 158: 157: 154: 140: 139: 136: 122: 121: 118: 104: 103: 100: 86: 85: 81: 80: 76: 75: 71: 70: 60: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10760: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10728:Modern nomads 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10703: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10681: 10671: 10669: 10659: 10657: 10647: 10646: 10643: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10524: 10521: 10520: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10509: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10413: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10301:Sunda Islands 10296: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10158: 10150: 10147: 10146: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10043: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9981: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9964: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9938: 9935: 9931: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9923: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9909: 9906: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9891: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9872: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9851: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9833: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9757: 9755: 9753: 9749: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9706: 9703: 9699: 9696: 9695: 9694: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9501: 9495: 9491: 9484: 9479: 9477: 9472: 9470: 9465: 9464: 9461: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9387:East Timorese 9385: 9383: 9380: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9362: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9339: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9321: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9245: 9241: 9231: 9228: 9226:(Baba-Nyonya) 9225: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9215: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9160: 9156: 9145: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9131: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9008: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8996:Kadazan-Dusun 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8985: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8918: 8917: 8914: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8878: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8841: 8840: 8837: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8768:Orang Seletar 8766: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8730: 8727: 8721: 8717: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8701:Patani Malays 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8529:Kedahan Malay 8527: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8513: 8510: 8507: 8502: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8483: 8482: 8476: 8472: 8465: 8460: 8458: 8453: 8451: 8446: 8445: 8442: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8380: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8220: 8219: 8216: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8169:Kadazan-Dusun 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162:(Anak Negeri) 8158: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8138: 8134: 8127: 8122: 8120: 8115: 8113: 8108: 8107: 8104: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7955: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7895: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7844: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7721: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7434: 7429: 7427: 7422: 7420: 7415: 7414: 7411: 7400: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7318: 7316: 7311: 7309: 7304: 7303: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7270: 7269: 7268:Khaleej Times 7264: 7260: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7199: 7195: 7189: 7174: 7170: 7163: 7147: 7141: 7133: 7127: 7111: 7110: 7109:Berita Harian 7105: 7098: 7082: 7078: 7071: 7055: 7048: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7017: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6983: 6982: 6974: 6958: 6954: 6947: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6846: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6804: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6733: 6725: 6719: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6655: 6643: 6636: 6635: 6627: 6611: 6604: 6588: 6581: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6483: 6479: 6472: 6470: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6441:Asian Studies 6435: 6428: 6426: 6409: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6302: 6295: 6289: 6281: 6279:9789717800226 6275: 6271: 6264: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6222: 6216: 6207: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6154: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6120: 6114: 6103: 6102: 6093: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6068:"About Samal" 6063: 6047: 6041: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6006: 6001: 5997: 5990: 5988: 5979: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5960: 5953: 5952:979-99395-0-X 5949: 5943: 5927: 5923: 5916: 5908: 5902: 5894: 5892:9781317982852 5888: 5884: 5877: 5869: 5867:9782831706504 5863: 5859: 5852: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5785: 5781: 5774: 5767: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5746: 5740: 5736: 5735: 5727: 5719: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5670: 5664: 5648: 5641: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5599: 5595: 5588: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5476: 5472: 5471:Jakarta Globe 5468: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5422: 5414: 5408: 5401: 5400: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5372:. 8 July 2007 5371: 5367: 5361: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5327: 5325:971-0426-01-X 5321: 5317: 5316: 5308: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5278: 5270: 5268:971-542-514-3 5264: 5260: 5259: 5251: 5243: 5242: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5166: 5159: 5158: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5137: 5135:0-03-085618-3 5131: 5127: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5071: 5063: 5061:9781920942854 5057: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4983: 4976: 4965: 4958: 4957: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4843:(1): 212–230. 4842: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4747: 4740: 4739: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4696: 4689: 4688: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4662: 4661: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4493: 4484: 4477: 4469: 4468: 4460: 4452: 4451:IPEDR Vol. 20 4445: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4338: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4319: 4317:9789042023345 4313: 4309: 4308: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4253:0-415-94762-6 4249: 4245: 4238: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4128:Water History 4122: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4038:Kadazan-Dusun 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4007: 3992:. 14 May 2009 3991: 3987: 3981: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3930: 3923: 3922: 3914: 3906: 3904:0-8102-0453-3 3900: 3895: 3894: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3721: 3714: 3708: 3704: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3666:Abrahamic god 3663: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3568:Matlan Marjan 3566: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3534:– A Filipino 3533: 3530: 3529: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3415:Kadazan-Dusun 3412: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3290: 3289:Kota Kinabalu 3286: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3229:Kamila Andini 3226: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3186: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3172:Aboriginals. 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3052: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3003:Kota Kinabalu 2999: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2983:water buffalo 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2941:seluar sampit 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2904:Horse culture 2901: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2848:Dayang Dayang 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2736: 2730: 2722: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2650: 2649: 2643: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2627:A Sama-Bajau 2625: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2605:Boat dwelling 2602: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2579:magpaay-bahaw 2576: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532:igal limbayan 2529: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501:igal limbayan 2498: 2494: 2490: 2487:, called the 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2345:magpaay-bahaw 2342: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2244:mantis shrimp 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2132:) is usually 2131: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2093: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2074:Malay peoples 2069: 2067: 2066:Davao del Sur 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2015: 2012: 2011:Folk religion 2008: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1957: 1953: 1938: 1936: 1935:Jawi alphabet 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1905:Lumad peoples 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1832: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1741: 1740:horse culture 1737: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1688:and southern 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1646: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1365:nation-states 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1345:blast fishing 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1286: 1281: 1274: 1273:Omadal Island 1269: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234:Tausūg people 1230: 1228: 1222: 1214: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1016: 1012: 1007: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 975: 971: 967: 966:Manobo people 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 934:Austroasiatic 929: 927: 922: 918: 912: 910: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 877:Tausūg people 874: 870: 866: 861: 853: 846: 841: 837: 835: 834:Austronesians 831: 827: 823: 819: 814: 812: 808: 800: 795: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 762: 759: 754: 752: 750: 744: 740: 736: 732: 731:ruler in Sulu 728: 723: 721: 717: 707: 705: 704:Austroasiatic 701: 697: 693: 685: 676: 659: 650: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 627: 625: 621: 617: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 582: 578: 574: 570: 567: 563: 556: 552: 548: 543: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 490: 489: 483: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 412: 410: 409:horse culture 406: 402: 398: 397: 392: 391: 386: 382: 381: 376: 372: 368: 367: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 336: 300: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 276:ethnic groups 274: 270: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 232: 228: 224: 220: 215: 212: 208: 204: 199: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 177:(secondary), 176: 172: 168: 164: 159: 155: 153: 141: 137: 135: 123: 119: 117: 105: 101: 99: 87: 82: 77: 72: 68: 64: 58: 53: 44: 40: 39:Samma (tribe) 33: 19: 10708:Bajau people 10139:Tau Taa Wana 10028: 9567:Talang Mamak 9498: 9438:Singaporeans 9344:/expatriates 9091: 9070:Orang Sungai 8607:Cocos Malays 8598: 8564:Pahang Malay 8515: 8489: 8479: 8352:Cocos Malays 8234: 8218:Orang Sungai 8141: 7695: 7665: 7648:Zamboangueño 7373: 7343: 7292: 7281: 7266: 7250:The Guardian 7248: 7202:. Retrieved 7197: 7188: 7176:. Retrieved 7172: 7162: 7150:. Retrieved 7140: 7126: 7114:. Retrieved 7107: 7097: 7085:. Retrieved 7081:the original 7070: 7058:. Retrieved 7047: 7035:. Retrieved 7031:the original 7026: 7016: 7004:. Retrieved 7000: 6990: 6980: 6973: 6961:. Retrieved 6957:the original 6946: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6856: 6852: 6845: 6833:. Retrieved 6821: 6811: 6784: 6780: 6748:. Retrieved 6742: 6732: 6718:cite journal 6706:. Retrieved 6696:(1): 27–30. 6693: 6689: 6679: 6671:the original 6666: 6642:the original 6633: 6626: 6614:. Retrieved 6612:. Al Jazeera 6603: 6591:. Retrieved 6580: 6569:the original 6559:(1): 51–88. 6556: 6552: 6539: 6530: 6517: 6508: 6481: 6457:the original 6444: 6440: 6412:. Retrieved 6387:10 September 6385:. Retrieved 6378:the original 6373: 6369: 6335:. Retrieved 6331:the original 6321: 6308:. Retrieved 6301:the original 6288: 6269: 6263: 6254: 6250: 6237: 6225:. Retrieved 6215: 6206: 6194:. Retrieved 6189: 6179: 6167:. Retrieved 6163:the original 6159:"Jama Mapun" 6153: 6141:. Retrieved 6136: 6127: 6100: 6092: 6080:. Retrieved 6076:the original 6071: 6062: 6050:. Retrieved 6040: 6028:. Retrieved 6024:the original 6014: 5995: 5966: 5959: 5942: 5930:. Retrieved 5926:the original 5915: 5901: 5882: 5876: 5857: 5851: 5839:. Retrieved 5835:the original 5825: 5813:. Retrieved 5784:The Atlantic 5783: 5773: 5764: 5759: 5753: 5733: 5726: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5673:. Retrieved 5663: 5651:. Retrieved 5640: 5628:. Retrieved 5624: 5614: 5602:. Retrieved 5598:the original 5587: 5575:. Retrieved 5571:the original 5561: 5549:. Retrieved 5542:the original 5513: 5509: 5479:. Retrieved 5475:the original 5470: 5460: 5435: 5431: 5421: 5398: 5374:. Retrieved 5369: 5360: 5348:. Retrieved 5343: 5334: 5314: 5293:, retrieved 5289:the original 5283: 5277: 5257: 5250: 5240: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5217:the original 5207: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5172:. Retrieved 5165:the original 5156: 5125: 5119: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5032: 4986:. Retrieved 4975: 4964:the original 4955: 4923:(1): 89–101. 4920: 4916: 4873:. Retrieved 4869:the original 4864: 4840: 4837:アジア・アフリカ地域研究 4836: 4823: 4812:the original 4807: 4803: 4753:. Retrieved 4746:the original 4737: 4702:. Retrieved 4695:the original 4686: 4659: 4594: 4590: 4565:18 September 4563:. Retrieved 4555:The Guardian 4554: 4504: 4500: 4482: 4476: 4466: 4459: 4450: 4410:. Retrieved 4406:the original 4373:. Retrieved 4368: 4341:. Retrieved 4306: 4279: 4275: 4262: 4243: 4237: 4228: 4225:アジア・アフリカ地域研究 4224: 4190:the original 4185: 4181: 4131: 4127: 4050:Brunei Malay 4035: 4028:. Retrieved 4024:the original 4018:. Malaysia: 4016:sabah.gov.my 4015: 4006: 3994:. Retrieved 3989: 3980: 3968:. Retrieved 3964:the original 3936:. Retrieved 3929:the original 3920: 3913: 3892: 3842: 3838: 3810: 3801: 3789:. Retrieved 3784: 3775: 3763:. Retrieved 3756:the original 3751: 3724:. Retrieved 3719: 3707: 3683: 3673: 3655: 3651: 3637: 3532:Bana Sailani 3512:Azwan Kombos 3401:Dewan Rakyat 3374:Shafie Apdal 3355:Dewan Negara 3293:North Borneo 3260: 3252: 3244: 3233: 3222: 3210: 3199: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3174: 3159: 3072: 3061: 3023:caste system 3008: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2857: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2829:. These are 2826: 2824: 2819: 2816:bua-bua anak 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2783: 2777: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2751: 2739: 2733: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2646: 2628: 2598: 2593:and nightly 2586: 2583:magigal jinn 2582: 2578: 2574: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548:kama'toolang 2547: 2543: 2542:, with four 2540:igal lellang 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2445: 2442:pandan trees 2436:kama'toolang 2435: 2430: 2425: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2316:, since the 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2248: 2239: 2232:Umboh Summut 2231: 2224:Umboh Gandum 2223: 2219: 2216:Umboh Baliyu 2215: 2211: 2203: 2195: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2169: 2163: 2153: 2147: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2109:Umboh Dilaut 2108: 2104: 2098: 2070: 2043: 1996:Christianity 1932: 1912:Robert Blust 1909: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1831:Yakan people 1808: 1798: 1790: 1754: 1745: 1727: 1699: 1669: 1659: 1649: 1623: 1607: 1564: 1554: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1495:sweet potato 1486: 1482: 1478: 1469:stilt houses 1460: 1456: 1450: 1431: 1422: 1405: 1401: 1393: 1392:passengers ( 1385: 1383: 1376: 1353:coral mining 1342: 1322:Arafura Seas 1290: 1242:Moro peoples 1237: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1187: 1157: 1150: 1122: 1116: 1067: 1025: 1020: 968:of mainland 946:land bridges 940:groups from 936:-affiliated 930: 917:Bugis people 913: 905: 865:ethnogenesis 862: 858: 815: 803: 782: 778: 775:mooring pole 763: 755: 748: 724: 715: 713: 699: 689: 638: 634: 628: 612: 607: 603: 599: 596:Brunei Malay 591: 583: 576: 572: 571: 565: 561: 559: 535: 531: 527: 523: 515: 511: 507: 503: 501: 486: 467:sea cucumber 463:Riau Islands 448: 413: 400: 394: 388: 384: 378: 370: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 298: 291: 287: 283: 273:Austronesian 268: 266: 206: 46:Ethnic group 43: 10656:Philippines 10485:Tanimbarese 10199:Ekari (Mee) 10074:Gorontaloan 9710:Aneuk Jamee 9705:Minangkabau 9661:Bugis-Malay 9552:Orang Rimba 9547:Orang Kuala 9500:Indonesians 9367:Bangladeshi 9230:Sino-Native 8763:Orang Kuala 8753:Orang Kanaq 8743:Proto-Malay 8669:Minangkabau 8648:Bugis-Malay 8599:Anak Dagang 8409:Indonesians 8332:Sino-Native 7958:Immigrants 7686:Maguindanao 7542:Romblomanon 7527:Kapampangan 7364:Maguindanao 7204:22 December 7178:22 December 6616:22 December 6593:18 December 6484:(7): 32–34. 6414:18 December 6227:20 December 6196:16 November 6190:ThingsAsian 6169:18 December 6082:21 December 6030:20 December 5932:18 December 5841:18 December 5815:20 December 5604:22 December 5577:22 December 5551:22 December 5481:22 December 5376:22 December 5350:22 December 5223:22 December 5201:(4): 32–59. 5174:22 December 4988:20 December 4875:21 December 4755:18 December 4507:: 389–403. 4412:20 December 4375:20 December 4343:20 December 4282:(2): 21–23. 3970:22 December 3791:23 February 3622:Sea Gypsies 3607:Gaya Island 3506:Wawa Zainal 3482:Zizi Kirana 3217:Singaporean 3215:(2008) – A 3162:Arnhem Land 3064:free-diving 2967:caparisoned 2953:riding crop 2929:badu sampit 2925:equestrians 2611:Lepa (ship) 2573:Aside from 2465:Lumba-lumba 2431:Umboh Tuhan 2402:Umboh Tuhan 2357:magtaparahu 2349:Umboh Tuhan 2240:Umboh Kamun 2124:(or simply 2122:Umboh Tuhan 2117:Umboh Tuhan 2105:Umboh Tuhan 2062:Protestants 2048:, forms of 2046:Sunni Islam 1789:. Led by a 1710:, Malaysia. 1533:Sama Pala'u 1525:Sama Dilaut 1457:Sama Bihing 1338:overfishing 1287:, Indonesia 1188:During the 1131:slave trade 1112: 1948 1063: 1925 1052:Groote Oost 1015:Philippines 974:South Asian 737:(allegedly 720:genealogies 647:Maguindanao 524:Sama Dilaut 496: 1905 440:Moro people 428:Philippines 211:Sunni Islam 98:Philippines 10702:Categories 10624:Portuguese 10582:Klingalese 10024:Orang Laut 9862:Lun Bawang 9836:Kalimantan 9792:Kangeanese 9785:Tenggerese 9775:Banyumasan 9770:Cirebonese 9614:Toba Batak 9609:Simalungun 9599:Mandailing 9562:Petalangan 9517:Aboriginal 9448:Vietnamese 9402:Indonesian 9288:Sri Lankan 9092:Sama-Bajau 9060:Lun Bawang 8936:Lun Bawang 8869:Semaq Beri 8758:Orang Laut 8733:Peninsular 8720:Orang Asal 8637:Mandailing 8491:Bumiputera 8481:Malaysians 8419:Pakistanis 8310:Non-native 8272:Lun Bawang 8235:Sama-Bajau 8152:Bumiputera 8011:Indonesian 7671:Banguingui 7643:Surigaonon 7595:Hiligaynon 7537:Pangasinan 7349:Banguingui 7333:Bangsamoro 7221:Newspapers 7112:(in Malay) 7006:17 October 5744:9711003864 5702:(1): 111. 4231:: 212–230. 3996:3 December 3990:sinama.org 3785:Sinama.org 3765:12 October 3720:psa.gov.ph 3700:References 3612:Orang laut 3405:Kota Belud 3325:Kota Belud 3281:Mat Salleh 3151:kingfisher 3149:depicts a 3075:freediving 2714:See also: 2687:sambuangan 2609:See also: 2575:pagkanduli 2568:pagkanduli 2544:jinn lella 2503:under the 2497:jinn denda 2493:jinn lella 2489:jinn denda 2398:pagkanduli 2365:magpatanak 2353:paay-bahaw 2259:padalleang 2242:(totem of 2234:(totem of 2220:Umboh Payi 2202:) and the 2050:folk Islam 1950:See also: 1825:Folk Islam 1799:Jama Mapun 1736:Kota Belud 1720:Kota Belud 1624:Banguingui 1614:Banguingui 1581:Kalimantan 1537:Bajau Laut 1519:Pangutaran 1487:Sama Darat 1461:Sama Lipid 1254:Abu Sayyaf 1135:Banguingui 1129:, and the 885:Indianised 818:Orang laut 749:Bumiputera 706:ancestry. 675:Orang Laut 616:Bumiputera 547:Lahad Datu 459:Orang Laut 290:(formally 269:Sama-Bajau 187:Indonesian 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