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996:, Jannaeus' eldest son, was eighty years old when he was put to death by Herod, in 31 BC, is probably erroneous, for that would set the year of his birth as 111 BCE, and Jannaeus himself was born in 125 BC, so that he could have been but fourteen when Hyrcanus was born to him. It is difficult to understand how a thirteen-year-old boy married a widow of thirty. The statement, made by Josephus (
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pay through the rain falling during their work-time. The fertility of the soil was so great that the grains of wheat grew as large as kidney beans; oats as large as olives; and lentils as large as gold denarii. The sages collected specimens of these grains and preserved them to show future generations the rewards of obedience to the Law, and what piety could achieve.
417:, Salome Alexandra was instrumental in arranging the assassination of her brother-in-law, Antigonus, by convincing her husband that his brother was plotting against him. Upon the death of Aristobulus in 103 BC, Aristobulus' widow freed his half-brother, Alexander Jannaeus, who had been held in prison.
590:
Salome
Alexandra increased the size of the army and carefully provisioned the numerous fortified places so that neighbouring monarchs were duly impressed by the number of protected towns and castles which bordered the Judean frontier. As well, she did not abstain from actual warfare; she sent her son
463:
Salome
Alexandra's next concern was to open negotiations with the leaders of the Pharisees, whose places of concealment she knew. Having been given assurances as to her future policy, they declared themselves ready to give Alexander's remains the obsequies due to a monarch. By this step she avoided
614:
Rabbinical sources refer in glowing terms to the prosperity which Judea enjoyed under Salome
Alexandra. The Talmud (Ta'anit, 23a; Sifra, ḤuḲḲat, i. 110) relates that during her rule, as a reward for her piety, rain fell only on Sabbath (Friday) nights; so that the working class suffered no loss of
542:
Salome
Alexandra received the reins of government (76 or 75 BC) at Jannaeus' camp before Ragaba, and concealed the king's death until the fortress had fallen, in order that the rigour of the siege might be maintained. She succeeded for a time in quietening the vexatious internal dissensions of the
455:
The frequent visits to the palace of the chief of the
Pharisaic party, Simeon ben Shetach, who was said to be the queen's brother, must have occurred in the early years of Alexander's reign, before Alexander had openly broken with the Pharisees. Alexandra does not seem to have been able to prevent
459:
According to archaeologist
Kenneth Atkinson, "There are also some passages in the Talmud that say, during her husband's reign, that she protected Pharisees and hid Pharisees from his wrath." Nevertheless, the married life of the royal pair seems to have ended cordially; on his deathbed Alexander
543:
kingdom that existed at the time of
Alexander's death; and she did this peacefully and without detriment to the political relations of the Jewish state to the outside world. Alexandra managed to secure assent to a Hasmonean monarchy from the Pharisees, who had suffered under Alexander.
948:
14.1.2), where, in the original Greek, is written: "Hyrcanus began his high priesthood on the third year of the hundred and seventy seventh
Olympiad..., when presently Aristobulus began to make war against him." The 177th Olympiad corresponded with the 238th year of the
447:", suggests that Alexandra had some sort of power in Judaea even before she inherited the kingdom. Jewisharchive.org has her as queen for 40 years and she was their 40 years of blessing. Her name means peace to zion/peace of zion
1000:
xiii. 11, §§ 1, 2), that during the reign of
Aristobulus, Aristobulus' wife, presumably Salome Alexandra, brought about the death of the young prince Antigonus I, because she saw in him a rival of her husband, lacks additional
464:
any public affront to the dead king, which, owing to the embitterment of the people, would certainly have found expression at the interment. This might have been attended with dangerous results for the
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1302:
1283:
847:, who, it is generally inferred, took it for granted that the latter performed the levirate marriage prescribed by the law for the widow of a childless brother deceased.
770:
bestowed the name "Shlomtzion" on a female leopard whose life, mating, and offspring were the subject of intensive, years-long study. In 1996, her body was found in
875:. T & T Clark Jewish and Christian texts series. London ; New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp. 133–134.
583:
The
Sadducees were moved to petition the queen for protection against the ruling party. Salome Alexandra, who desired to avoid all party conflict, removed the
1067:
606:
The last days of Salome Alexandra's reign were tumultuous. Her son, Aristobulus, endeavoured to seize the government, and succeeded her after her death.
302:"; 141–67 BC), was a regnant queen of Judaea, one of only three women in Jewish historical tradition to rule over the country, the other two being
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shortly after his accession, Alexandra seemed to have wielded only slight political influence, as evidenced by the hostile attitude of the king to the
318:, she was also the last ruler of Judaea to die as the sovereign of an independent kingdom. Her nine-year reign has been described as a "golden age" of
843:
That Alexandra, the widow of Aristobulus I, was identical with the one who married his brother Alexander Jannaeus is nowhere explicitly stated by
713:
788:, a medieval alternative-Christian life of Jesus, Salome is connected with Jesus of Nazareth, placing the death of Jesus 150 years earlier.
341:, "Alexandra" (Ἀλεξάνδρα). This name is the only known female Greek name among the Hasmoneans. Salome's granddaughters also bore this name.
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The Pharisees now became not only a tolerated section of the community, but actually the ruling class. Salome Alexandra installed as
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for the administration of justice and religious matters, the guidance of which was placed in the hands of the Pharisees.
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Josephus does not explicitly state Alexandra held any political authority before her reign. However, a passage about the
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728:, the street was renamed "Queen Shlomzion Street," to commemorate the Jewish queen. Such street names exist also in
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in 73 BC over the Jewish High Priesthood. Hyrcanus II was eventually successful after enlisting the help of the
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entrusted the government, not to his sons, but to his wife, with the advice to make peace with the Pharisees.
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345:, however, never uses the name Alexandra for her, instead referring to her with various Semitic names. The
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1236:
Atkinson, Kenneth (2016), A History of the Hasmonean State: Josephus and Beyond, Bloomsbury T&T Clark
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1940 photo of Princess Mary Street with Rex Cinema in background, West Jerusalem on the Alamy website
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443:, gaining political power when "King Alexander and his wife (= Alexandra) made him general of all
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have identified Alexandra as "Shelamzion" (שלמציון) in several texts, including 4Q331 and 4Q332.
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as her brother, making her the daughter of Shetah as well. Salome Alexandra's oldest son by
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Judaica: Forschungen zur Hellenisch-Jüdischen Geschichte und Litteratur
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from Jerusalem, assigning certain fortified towns for their residence.
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in Antiquities, where Josephus describes Antipas, the grandfather of
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Queen Salome: Jerusalem's Warrior Monarch of the First Century B.C.
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During the reign of Alexander, who (according to the historian
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of Shelamzion (Salome) Alexandra, referring to her only by her
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Shetah (disputed) johnathan Hyrcanus I according to josephus.
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This article is about the Jewish queen. For other uses, see
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Geschichte des Volkes Israel von Anbeginn bis zur Eroberung
697:) is sometimes used as a female first name in contemporary
559:, a man who was wholly supportive of the Pharisees and the
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217:(c. 104–103 BC), Alexander Jannaeus (c. 103 – 76 BC), then
1201:
Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi
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was reorganized according to their wishes and became a
405:, who defeated his brother and took him away to Rome.
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Salome Alexandra's personal genealogy is not given by
872:
A History of the Hasmonean State: Josephus and Beyond
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546:
1318:
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1211:Essai sur l'Histoire et la Géographie de Palestine
907:Rabbinic Law in Its Roman and Near Eastern Context
1303:Genealogy of the House of David- Salome Alexandra
1806:
1046:Salome Alexandra, Queen of Judaea public profile
1015:, the Archaeological Institute of America (2010)
903:
570:
1417:
1107:"בלי להותיר עקבות: האם נמרים עדיין חיים בארץ?"
701:. Among others, the well-known Israeli writer
1403:
1290:Biblical Archaeology Review July/August Issue
603:. The expedition reportedly achieved little.
456:the persecution of that sect by her husband.
1794:List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
16:Queen of Hasmonean Judaea from c.76 to 67 BC
762:Israeli zoologists carefully observing the
657:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
510:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1396:
138:
1135:. New York: Macmillan. pp. 148–154.
1130:
712:, a major street in Jerusalem was called
677:Learn how and when to remove this message
530:Learn how and when to remove this message
373:. Rabbinical sources designate the rabbi
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
1277:Entry in Chabad.org Gallery of Our Great
1080:"האיש שתיעד את הנמרים האחרונים בעין גדי"
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816:
579:Hasmonean Kingdom under Salome Alexandra
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356:
755:"Shlomtzion" (it later merged with the
238:and Mariamne I, wife of Herod the Great
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1160:, Antiquities xiii. 11, § 12; 15, § 16
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397:; bribing Roman officials, including
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1011:Silver, Carly. "The Peace of Zion",
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655:adding citations to reliable sources
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508:adding citations to reliable sources
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56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
1254:Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "
962:See Josephus, Jewish War (1.107–55)
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369:, nor does it appear in any of the
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782:According to some versions of the
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1845:1st-century BC Hasmonean monarchs
1260:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography
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547:Re-establishment of the Sanhedrin
1336:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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1078:קוריאל, אילנה (4 January 2022).
1013:Iron Ladies of the Ancient World
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705:gave the name to his daughter.
385:who fought his younger brother
43:needs additional citations for
1105:אלדד, קרני (2 December 2019).
1030:. Vol. 15. pp. xiii.
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904:Catherine Hezser, ed. (2003).
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151:Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
1:
1820:1st-century BC queens regnant
1133:Jesus in the Jewish Tradition
910:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 207.
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716:, after the only daughter of
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361:Hasmonean dynasty family tree
710:British Mandate of Palestine
571:Internal and external policy
401:; and gaining the favour of
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10:
1896:
1183:, 2d ed., iii. 106, 117–29
1151:
953:, or what was then 73 BCE.
869:Atkinson, Kenneth (2016).
823:US: McFarland. p. 1.
817:Atkinson, Kenneth (2012).
774:, having died of old age.
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724:. After the creation of
595:with an army to besiege
1773:Antigonus II Mattathias
1333:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1286:18 January 2009 at the
1281:The Salome No One Knows
1243:, 1900, pp. 74, 96
747:accepted the advice of
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194:Queen consort of Judaea
144:Salome Alexandra, from
21:Salome (disambiguation)
1825:Ancient queens consort
1371:76 BCE – 67 BCE
1330:; et al. (eds.).
1275:Queen Salome Alexandra
599:, then beleaguered by
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371:Books of the Maccabees
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1111:www.makorrishon.co.il
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1855:2nd-century BCE Jews
1850:2nd-century BC women
1223:pp. 276, 280–85
1181:Geschichte der Juden
714:Princess Mary Street
651:improve this section
504:improve this section
52:improve this article
1730:(Hasmonean dynasty)
974:Jewish Encyclopedia
859:Kenneth (2016), 138
778:In medieval sources
753:new political party
415:Jewish Encyclopedia
343:Rabbinic literature
314:, and afterward of
1753:Alexander Jannaeus
1615:(southern kingdom)
1495:(northern kingdom)
1360:Alexander Jannaeus
1221:Geschichte Israels
1131:Goldstein (1950).
998:Jewish Antiquities
992:xv. 6, § 3), that
990:Jewish Antiquities
938:Figure based upon
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379:Alexander Jannaeus
375:Simeon ben Shetach
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316:Alexander Jannaeus
178:Alexander Jannaeus
67:"Salome Alexandra"
1815:Hasmonean dynasty
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1349:Hasmonean Dynasty
1344:Salome Alexandra
1233:, pp. 91, 92
1231:Coins of the Jews
1217:Julius Wellhausen
1213:, pp. 102–11
1207:Joseph Derenbourg
1171:History of Israel
972:"Aristobulus I",
917:978-3-16-148071-3
882:978-0-567-66902-5
830:978-0-7864-7002-0
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1840:67 BC deaths
1757:
1738:Simon Thassi
1431:Davidic line
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1193:, ii. 488–90
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1048:. geni. 2003
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751:to name his
745:Ariel Sharon
739:In the 1977
738:
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673:
664:
649:Please help
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613:
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202:c. 104–76 BC
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50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
1763:Hyrcanus II
1638:Jehoshaphat
1573:Jeroboam II
1473:Ish-bosheth
1377:Hyrcanus II
1324:"Alexandra"
1219:, I. J. G.
1173:, v. 392–94
1086:(in Hebrew)
1028:Antiquities
994:Hyrcanus II
945:Antiquities
708:During the
593:Aristobulus
557:Hyrcanus II
553:high priest
426:married her
383:Hyrcanus II
335:Hebrew name
292:Šəlōmṣīyyōn
232:Hyrcanus II
188:Hyrcanus II
174:Predecessor
1809:Categories
1503:Jeroboam I
1418:Rulers of
1268:Q115585343
926:1088784294
804:References
743:elections
722:Queen Mary
703:Amos Kenan
610:Prosperity
472:Sole reign
395:Aretas III
339:Greek name
267:Shlomtzion
78:newspapers
1875:Pharisees
1870:Sanhedrin
1708:Jehoiakim
1578:Zechariah
1448:Maccabees
1256:Alexandra
891:949219870
734:Ramat Gan
638:does not
585:Sadducees
561:Sanhedrin
491:does not
430:Pharisees
391:Nabataean
322:history.
320:Hasmonean
184:Successor
1782:See also
1718:Zedekiah
1713:Jeconiah
1703:Jehoahaz
1688:Manasseh
1683:Hezekiah
1653:Athaliah
1623:Rehoboam
1593:Pekahiah
1563:Jehoahaz
1284:Archived
1264:Wikidata
1158:Josephus
1052:11 April
986:Josephus
940:Josephus
845:Josephus
792:See also
764:leopards
730:Tel Aviv
695:שלומציון
597:Damascus
422:Josephus
367:Josephus
331:Josephus
308:Athaliah
251:Religion
1663:Amaziah
1658:Jehoash
1648:Ahaziah
1643:Jehoram
1588:Menahem
1583:Shallum
1568:Jehoash
1553:Jehoram
1548:Ahaziah
1542:Jezebel
1483:Solomon
1317::
1152:Sources
1141:1166662
1116:27 June
1090:27 June
766:of the
741:Knesset
659:removed
644:sources
512:removed
497:sources
445:Idumaea
409:Consort
399:Scaurus
304:Deborah
288:
255:Judaism
92:scholar
1698:Josiah
1673:Jotham
1668:Uzziah
1628:Abijam
1603:Hoshea
1513:Baasha
1493:Israel
1458:Israel
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699:Israel
691:Hebrew
619:Legacy
403:Pompey
393:king,
353:Family
281:Hebrew
243:Father
221:after.
211:Spouse
199:Tenure
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1613:Judah
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1523:Zimri
1508:Nadab
1478:David
1326:. In
757:Likud
749:Kenan
296:peace
271:Greek
265:, or
227:Issue
219:widow
166:Reign
99:JSTOR
85:books
1693:Amon
1678:Ahaz
1558:Jehu
1538:Ahab
1533:Omri
1518:Elah
1468:Saul
1137:OCLC
1118:2024
1092:2024
1084:Ynet
1054:2016
922:OCLC
912:ISBN
887:OCLC
877:ISBN
825:ISBN
732:and
720:and
642:any
640:cite
495:any
493:cite
381:was
326:Name
306:and
300:Zion
71:news
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506:by
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