36:
190:
316:; but when the undertaking failed, Aristobulus resumed his political intrigues. He left Jerusalem secretly and betook himself to his friends, who controlled the largest number of fortified places, with the intention of making war against his aged mother. But the queen died at the critical moment, and he immediately turned his weapons against his brother Hyrcanus, the legitimate heir to the throne.
548:
532:
14.1.2), where, in the original Greek, is written: "Hyrcanus began his high priesthood on the third year of the hundred and seventy seventh
Olympiad..., when presently Aristobulus began to make war against him." The 177th Olympiad corresponded with the 238th year of the
303:
Aristobulus shared his late father's views on religion and politics. He entertained designs upon the throne, even during the life of his mother. He courted the nobles and military party by constituting himself the patron of the
354:
by
Aristobulus compelled Hyrcanus to surrender. A peace was then concluded, according to the terms of which Hyrcanus was to renounce the throne and the office of high priest, but was to enjoy the revenues of the latter office.
312:, constituted in reality one of the preparatory moves of Aristobulus for the usurpation of the government. The queen sought to direct his military zeal outside Judea, and sent him (70-69) against
439:, but when the Romans defeated his army again, he surrendered and undertook to deliver Jerusalem over to them. However, since many of his followers were unwilling to open the gates, the Romans
405:, both brothers appealed to Scaurus, each endeavoring by gifts and promises to win him over to his side. Scaurus, moved by a gift of 400 talents, decided in favor of
1537:
308:
and bringing their cause before the queen. The many fortresses which the queen placed at the disposal of the
Sadducees, ostensibly for their defense against the
1619:
735:
1152:
1700:
1328:
1119:
1690:
1695:
370:. The Nabataeans advanced toward Jerusalem with an army of 50,000 men and besieged the city for several months during the rebellion.
409:
and ordered Aretas to withdraw his army. During his retreat, the
Nabateans suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Aristobulus.
391:
1705:
469:, when "he was taken off by poison given him by those of Pompey's party". His son Alexander was beheaded by the Roman commander
728:
470:
443:
the city by force, badly damaging city and temple. Hyrcanus was restored as High Priest, but deprived of political authority.
1145:
684:
1165:
783:
745:
502:
458:, commander of the cavalry under Gabinius, led several men to scale Aristobulus' fortifications and subdue his forces.
416:
arrived in Syria in 63 BCE, both brothers and a third party that desired the removal of the entire dynasty, sent their
328:
just like his father
Alexander Jannaeus. Aristobulus rebelled against his elder brother. Because of this conflict, the
721:
1138:
427:
Pompey defeated the Jewish armies in multiple battles, and took the fortresses of Judea. Aristobulus and his sons
446:
Aristobulus II escaped in 57 BCE, instigating rebellion against Rome in Judea, until he was finally holed up by
1608:
1170:
703:
595:
90:
46:
1598:
1710:
818:
440:
1503:
1659:
1281:
761:
313:
1516:
435:
were captured in 63 BCE. Aristobulos, suspicious of Pompey, entrenched himself in the fortress of
343:
and many of
Hyrcanus' soldiers went over to Aristobulus, and thereby gave the latter the victory.
300:
as High Priest in 73 BCE. When Salome died in 67 BCE, Hyrcanus succeeded to the kingship as well.
1624:
1487:
1098:
570:
528:
477:
432:
424:
over
Aristobulus II, deeming the elder, weaker brother a more reliable ally of the Roman Empire.
143:
83:
1629:
1422:
1407:
1397:
1362:
1352:
1296:
359:
254:
1685:
1639:
1593:
1392:
1387:
1372:
1357:
1333:
1318:
1307:
1266:
1218:
1161:
585:
561:
1649:
1532:
1344:
1223:
465:
in 49 BCE in order to turn Judea against Pompey. He was on his way to Judaea with his son
41:
8:
1664:
1613:
1603:
1588:
1547:
1527:
1417:
1271:
1248:
903:
466:
428:
351:
147:
1578:
1573:
1557:
1542:
1472:
1078:
888:
285:
171:
1644:
1634:
1568:
1442:
1114:
1053:
1028:
1013:
908:
893:
878:
873:
591:
497:
383:
273:
161:
138:
55:
1654:
1083:
988:
983:
973:
968:
938:
838:
553:
362:
convinced
Hyrcanus that Aristobulus was planning his death and to take refuge with
289:
203:
181:
1452:
953:
833:
481:
387:
1130:
607:
484:, and became king and high priest in 40 BCE, but was defeated and killed by the
1552:
766:
619:
Plutarch "Makers of Rome" p. 272, trans by Ian Scott-Kilvert, Penguin
Classics.
565:
557:
447:
1679:
1467:
1462:
1073:
1068:
1018:
713:
462:
406:
292:. After the death of Alexander in 76 BCE, his widow succeeded to the rule of
417:
1457:
1063:
958:
848:
756:
534:
485:
402:
1477:
1088:
963:
898:
843:
798:
694:
677:
455:
436:
421:
336:
297:
265:
108:
73:
1180:
398:
367:
363:
35:
1497:
1412:
1276:
1233:
1033:
773:
652:
451:
347:
329:
325:
309:
305:
1583:
1521:
1511:
1427:
1402:
1286:
1238:
1198:
1043:
1038:
1008:
978:
948:
918:
828:
552:
523:
189:
1432:
1382:
1323:
1261:
1203:
1193:
913:
867:
808:
668:
340:
156:
1377:
1367:
1291:
1228:
1023:
998:
993:
928:
413:
379:
1563:
1256:
1208:
1188:
923:
853:
803:
587:
Jewish
Leadership in Roman Palestine from 70 C.E. to 135 C.E.
293:
269:
236:
1213:
1003:
883:
863:
858:
793:
242:
224:
420:
to Pompey, who however delayed the decision. He favoured
335:
Hyrcanus advanced against Aristobulus at the head of his
233:
215:
209:
245:
218:
206:
332:
seemed to be in a vulnerable position at this time.
239:
230:
221:
212:
339:and his followers. The brothers met in battle near
227:
1160:
480:led a rebellion against Rome, with help from the
358:This agreement however did not last for long, as
1677:
505:, list of sieges for, and battles of, Jerusalem
743:
1146:
729:
1120:List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
461:Taken prisoner, Aristobulus was released by
450:, consul of the Roman province of Syria, in
1153:
1139:
736:
722:
34:
378:During this civil war, the Roman general
324:Hyrcanus seemed to be sympathetic to the
188:
346:Hyrcanus took refuge in the citadel of
1701:1st-century BCE high priests of Israel
1678:
394:to take possession of Seleucid Syria.
193:Hasmonean Kingdom under Aristobulus II
1134:
717:
373:
503:Siege of Jerusalem (disambiguation)
284:Aristobulus was the younger son of
13:
637:Josephus, Jewish Wars 1 9:2 (185).
628:Josephus, Jewish Wars 1 9:1 (184).
14:
1722:
1691:1st-century BC Hasmonean monarchs
540:
1696:1st-century BC murdered monarchs
574:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
546:
202:
1706:Assassinated religious leaders
1609:Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras
631:
622:
613:
601:
578:
516:
47:Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
28:King and High Priest of Judaea
16:King and High Priest of Judaea
1:
1599:Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus
509:
272:, 66 BCE to 63 BCE, from the
130:
319:
296:and installed her elder son
288:, King and High Priest, and
7:
491:
10:
1727:
537:, or what was then 73 BCE.
258:
1660:Mattathias ben Theophilus
1496:
1441:
1342:
1247:
1179:
1107:
1052:
937:
817:
782:
762:Kings of Israel and Judah
752:
701:
691:
682:
674:
667:
646:
610:, "Gesch." i. 291, note 2
382:defeated the Kingdoms of
350:; but the capture of the
279:
177:
167:
155:
137:
126:
122:
114:
104:
96:
89:
79:
69:
61:
54:
33:
26:
21:
1625:Ananias son of Nedebeus
1538:Matthias ben Theophilus
1099:Antigonus II Mattathias
571:The Jewish Encyclopedia
392:Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
151:Alexandra the Hasmonean
144:Antigonus II Mattathias
84:Antigonus II Mattathias
708:66 BCE – 63 BCE
689:66 BCE – 63 BCE
568:; et al. (eds.).
360:Antipater the Idumaean
194:
1640:Joseph Cabi ben Simon
1594:Theophilus ben Ananus
704:High Priest of Judaea
441:besieged and captured
390:. He sent his deputy
192:
91:High Priest of Judaea
40:Aristobulus II, from
1650:Jesus son of Damneus
1620:Josephus ben Camydus
1711:Deaths by poisoning
1665:Phannias ben Samuel
1614:Jonathan ben Ananus
1604:Matthias ben Ananus
1589:Jonathan ben Ananus
1548:Eleazar ben Boethus
1528:Jesus, son of Fabus
1056:(Hasmonean dynasty)
401:were allies of the
148:Alexander of Judaea
1579:Simon ben Camithus
1574:Eleazar ben Ananus
1558:Joazar ben Boethus
1543:Joazar ben Boethus
1473:Alexander Jannaeus
1079:Alexander Jannaeus
941:(southern kingdom)
821:(northern kingdom)
374:Roman intervention
286:Alexander Jannaeus
195:
172:Alexander Jannaeus
1673:
1672:
1645:Ananus ben Ananus
1635:Ishmael ben Fabus
1569:Ishmael ben Fabus
1533:Simon ben Boethus
1174:
1128:
1127:
1115:Jewish leadership
786:(united monarchy)
712:
711:
692:Succeeded by
653:Hasmonean Dynasty
498:Hasmonean coinage
274:Hasmonean dynasty
264:) was the Jewish
187:
186:
42:Guillaume Rouillé
1718:
1655:Joshua ben Gamla
1168:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1084:Salome Alexandra
746:Israel and Judah
738:
731:
724:
715:
714:
675:Preceded by
663:
644:
643:
638:
635:
629:
626:
620:
617:
611:
605:
599:
582:
576:
575:
562:"Aristobulus II"
554:Richard Gottheil
550:
549:
544:
538:
522:Year based upon
520:
314:Ptolemy Mennaeus
290:Salome Alexandra
260:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
182:Salome Alexandra
132:
38:
19:
18:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1517:Aristobulus III
1502:
1500:
1492:
1453:Jonathan Apphus
1444:
1437:
1338:
1243:
1175:
1159:
1129:
1124:
1103:
1055:
1048:
940:
933:
820:
813:
785:
778:
748:
742:
707:
697:
688:
680:
657:
656:
649:
648:Aristobulus II
642:
641:
636:
632:
627:
623:
618:
614:
606:
602:
583:
579:
566:Singer, Isidore
547:
545:
541:
521:
517:
512:
494:
376:
322:
282:
205:
201:
150:
146:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:Joshua ben Sie
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1483:Aristobulus II
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1094:Aristobulus II
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
945:
943:
935:
934:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
815:
814:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
790:
788:
780:
779:
777:
776:
771:
770:
769:
767:Kings of Judah
759:
753:
750:
749:
741:
740:
733:
726:
718:
710:
709:
699:
698:
693:
690:
685:King of Judaea
681:
676:
672:
671:
665:
664:
650:
647:
640:
639:
630:
621:
612:
600:
584:Junghwa Choi,
577:
558:Louis Ginzberg
539:
514:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
500:
493:
490:
448:Aulus Gabinius
375:
372:
366:, King of the
321:
318:
281:
278:
198:Aristobulus II
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
141:
135:
134:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
100:c. 66 – 63 BCE
98:
94:
93:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
65:c. 66 – 63 BCE
63:
59:
58:
56:King of Judaea
52:
51:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
22:Aristobulus II
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1723:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1504:Jewish Revolt
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Aristobulus I
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:Aristobulus I
1072:
1070:
1069:John Hyrcanus
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
936:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
822:
816:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
789:
787:
781:
775:
772:
768:
765:
764:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
751:
747:
739:
734:
732:
727:
725:
720:
719:
716:
706:
705:
700:
696:
687:
686:
679:
673:
670:
669:Jewish titles
666:
661:
655:
654:
645:
634:
625:
616:
609:
604:
597:
593:
589:
588:
581:
573:
572:
567:
563:
560:(1901–1906).
559:
555:
543:
536:
531:
530:
525:
519:
515:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
463:Julius Caesar
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
371:
369:
365:
361:
356:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
317:
315:
311:
307:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
256:
255:Ancient Greek
250:
199:
191:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:
160:
158:
154:
149:
145:
142:
140:
136:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
48:
43:
37:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1686:49 BC deaths
1482:
1458:Simon Thassi
1249:First Temple
1162:High Priests
1093:
1064:Simon Thassi
757:Davidic line
702:
683:
659:
651:
633:
624:
615:
603:
590:BRILL, 2013
586:
580:
569:
542:
535:Seleucid era
527:
518:
475:
473:at Antioch.
460:
445:
426:
411:
396:
377:
357:
345:
334:
323:
302:
283:
268:and King of
262:Aristóboulos
261:
259:Ἀριστόβουλος
197:
196:
45:
27:
1478:Hyrcanus II
1282:Jehoshaphat
1089:Hyrcanus II
964:Jehoshaphat
899:Jeroboam II
799:Ish-bosheth
695:Hyrcanus II
678:Hyrcanus II
529:Antiquities
488:in 37 BCE.
456:Marc Antony
437:Alexandrium
422:Hyrcanus II
407:Aristobulus
337:mercenaries
298:Hyrcanus II
266:High Priest
118:Hyrcanus II
109:Hyrcanus II
105:Predecessor
74:Hyrcanus II
70:Predecessor
1680:Categories
1616:(restored)
1560:(restored)
1524:(restored)
1463:Hyrcanus I
1329:Azariah IV
1181:Tabernacle
829:Jeroboam I
744:Rulers of
596:9004245146
510:References
399:Hasmoneans
368:Nabataeans
364:Aretas III
1498:Herodians
1488:Antigonus
1443:Hasmonean
1413:Onias III
1277:Jehoiarib
1267:Azariah I
1234:Ahimelech
1034:Jehoiakim
904:Zechariah
774:Maccabees
482:Parthians
478:Antigonus
467:Alexander
452:Machaerus
433:Antigonus
429:Alexander
418:delegates
388:Seleucids
348:Jerusalem
330:Pharisees
326:Sadducees
320:Rebellion
310:Pharisees
306:Sadducees
162:Hasmonean
115:Successor
80:Successor
1630:Jonathan
1584:Caiaphas
1522:Ananelus
1512:Ananelus
1428:Onias IV
1423:Menelaus
1408:Simon II
1403:Onias II
1398:Manasseh
1363:Eliashib
1315:Hoshaiah
1297:Zedekiah
1287:Jehoiada
1239:Abiathar
1199:Phinehas
1108:See also
1044:Zedekiah
1039:Jeconiah
1029:Jehoahaz
1014:Manasseh
1009:Hezekiah
979:Athaliah
949:Rehoboam
919:Pekahiah
889:Jehoahaz
524:Josephus
492:See also
476:His son
386:and the
1445:dynasty
1433:Alcimus
1393:Eleazar
1388:Simon I
1383:Onias I
1373:Johanan
1358:Joiakim
1334:Seraiah
1324:Hilkiah
1319:Shallum
1262:Ahimaaz
1204:Abishua
1194:Eleazar
989:Amaziah
984:Jehoash
974:Ahaziah
969:Jehoram
914:Menahem
909:Shallum
894:Jehoash
879:Jehoram
874:Ahaziah
868:Jezebel
809:Solomon
608:Schürer
397:As the
341:Jericho
157:Dynasty
1501:to the
1378:Jaddua
1368:Joiada
1353:Joshua
1345:exilic
1304:Jotham
1292:Pediah
1229:Ahijah
1224:Ahitub
1166:Israel
1024:Josiah
999:Jotham
994:Uzziah
954:Abijam
929:Hoshea
839:Baasha
819:Israel
784:Israel
662:49 BCE
658:
594:
551:
486:Romans
471:Scipio
414:Pompey
403:Romans
384:Pontus
380:Pompey
352:Temple
280:Family
178:Mother
168:Father
133:49 BCE
1564:Annas
1418:Jason
1343:Post-
1312:Neria
1308:Uriah
1272:Joash
1257:Zadok
1209:Bukki
1189:Aaron
1054:Judea
939:Judah
924:Pekah
854:Tibni
849:Zimri
834:Nadab
804:David
660:Died:
564:. In
412:When
294:Judea
270:Judea
139:Issue
97:Reign
62:Reign
1301:Joel
1214:Uzzi
1171:List
1019:Amon
1004:Ahaz
884:Jehu
864:Ahab
859:Omri
844:Elah
794:Saul
592:ISBN
431:and
127:Died
1219:Eli
1164:of
959:Asa
598:p90
44:'s
1682::
556:;
454:.
276:.
257::
253:,
237:uː
131:c.
1173:)
1169:(
1154:e
1147:t
1140:v
870:)
866:(
737:e
730:t
723:v
526:(
249:/
246:s
243:ə
240:l
234:j
231:b
228:ˈ
225:ə
222:t
219:s
216:ɪ
213:r
210:æ
207:ˌ
204:/
200:(
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