618:, "As a reconciliation process with the PKK was ongoing between 2012 and 2015, Ankara tried to persuade the PYD to drop its hostile attitude toward Turkey, open cooperation channels and to end its affiliations with the Bashar Assad regime. As the PKK unilaterally resumed armed attacks in July 2015, the PYD and its armed wing, the People's Protection Units (YPG), provided the PKK with militants, explosives, arms and ammunition. Simultaneous armed revolts broke out in almost all towns and cities bordering Syria; whereas terrorists trained in northern Syria staged suicide attacks in Turkish cities." The Turkish government allegedly sought to assassinate Muslim. In late 2016, Turkey issued an arrest warrant for Salih Muslim in a move considered putting Ankara on a collision course with its Western allies. On 14 February 2018, two days after Muslim was placed on the "most wanted terrorists" list by the Turkish Interior Ministry and had a bounty of 4 million
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In this capacity, Muslim has stressed the message that "the
Kurdish problem in Turkey and the Kurdish problem in Syria are two separate issues and will be resolved separately. To solve our problem in Syria, we have to sit down and talk with our fellow Syrians, with Arabs, Turkmens and others. Not
358:
637:
In a
February 2018 interview, Muslim said that "when I look back, I conclude that Turkey was never sincere about wanting to make peace with the Kurds. Had Turkey reached out to the Kurds, worked with the Kurds, it would have become the most powerful country in the Middle East."
564:, Germany, on 18 March 2017, Muslim said that "there is a huge resistance despite all the attacks. Nobody should doubt that the success and victory will be ours." Muslim criticised Germany for banning Kurdish symbols, saying that "Germany should have banned the
568:
and terrorist groups instead of our flags and symbols because we are fighting in the Middle East not for ourselves alone, we are fighting ISIS and terrorism for all humanity. Our resistance is for Europe, for the West and for all humanity."
548:
Muslim is a familiar face in
European capitals where he is hosted by senior officials. He is a frequent guest and speaker at European political institutions and events, inter alia in September 2016 invited to address the
357:
593:
in August 2012, Muslim denied any "operational links" to the PKK. Turkey has received Salih Muslim for talks in 2013 and in 2014, even entertaining the idea of opening a Rojava representation office in
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In
September 2017, the 7th congress of the PYD was held in Northern Syria, where two new co-chairs were elected. Muslim since works as the foreign relations official of the
405:, he was invited to Istanbul to negotiate with the Turkish government about the future of Syria, returning on three more occasions for talks between then and October 2014.
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382:(PYD), becoming a member of its executive council, and was elected as party head in 2010. After he and his wife Ayşe Efendi were imprisoned in Syria, he fled to a
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634:, but was released 2 days later, drawing angry protests from Turkey. On 17 March 2018, the Czech authorities dismissed Turkey's request.
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701:"Interview: Salih Muslim Muhammad, chairman of the PYD: "Turkey's henchmen in Syrian Kurdistan are responsible for the unrest here""
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Between 2012 and 2015, Muslim was Ankara's top interlocutor within the PYD's Syrian
Kurdish movement, which was inspired by former
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350:. He left the KDP-S in 2003 after becoming disillusioned by the party's failure to accomplish its objectives.
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Under Muslim's chairmanship, the PYD became the leading political party and actor in the emergence of the
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2071:
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1323:
528:
4119:
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3447:
3166:
3156:
3141:
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2810:
2631:
2336:
2033:
1974:
1584:
622:(about $ 1.5US millions at the time) placed on his head, he held a press conference at the seat of
347:
766:"The October 2019 Turkish Incursion into Kurdish Syria: Its Background & Broader Implications"
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2081:
1881:
280:
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2514:
1705:
1680:
1579:
765:
626:
institutions in
Brussels. He was briefly detained at Turkey's request on 25 February 2018 in
1007:
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4637:
4276:
4037:
3863:
3837:
3363:
2895:
2708:
2459:
2424:
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2088:
1777:
1700:
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1234:
883:
8:
4456:
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3471:
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2011:
1913:
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1101:
918:
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1918:
1896:
793:
451:
family. After an education in Syria, he studied at the
Chemical Engineering faculty of
165:
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4012:
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3697:
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497:
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4219:
4178:
4163:
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3518:
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2728:
2651:
2237:
2061:
2016:
1967:
1950:
1945:
1792:
1757:
1385:
1346:
1202:
986:"Czech court orders release of Syrian Kurd leader despite Turkish extradition call"
777:
607:
509:
501:
391:
307:
263:
4446:
4351:
4326:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4224:
4173:
4168:
3740:
2835:
2656:
2222:
1989:
1812:
1685:
1589:
837:"ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl"
739:
582:
332:
271:
4677:
4386:
4356:
4306:
4291:
4271:
4259:
4244:
4229:
4153:
3466:
2247:
2132:
2006:
1908:
1752:
1008:"Syrian Kurdish PYD, Turkey's HDP leaders attend 'Ocalan conference' in Athens"
714:
700:
631:
623:
565:
515:
4114:
1310:
919:"PYD elects Asya Abdullah and Salih Muslim as new co-chairs, Syrian Kurdistan"
905:"Salih Muslim: Syria's Kurdish problems will be solved by Syrians, not Turkey"
656:"PYD elects Asya Abdullah and Salih Muslim as new co-chairs, Syrian Kurdistan"
4830:
4441:
4406:
4361:
4331:
4311:
4266:
4254:
4101:
3878:
2232:
2147:
1782:
789:
425:
92:
4371:
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4321:
4316:
4124:
3762:
3707:
619:
460:
1311:
Video | Salih Muslim
Muhammad | Full Q&A | Oxford Union | January 2017
1217:"Red-listed former PYD co-leader Salih Muslim to hold presser in Brussels"
4769:
4451:
4381:
4366:
4341:
615:
590:
524:
4134:
781:
610:(2013-2015) collapsed in July 2015, drastically changing the course of
475:
225:
812:"PYD leader arrives in Turkey for two-day talks: Report - Turkey News"
4426:
1167:"Interpol removes top PKK-affiliated figure from its red notice list"
603:
561:
73:
614:
relations to the
Kurdish issue. According to the pro-administration
483:
417:(TEV-DEM) coalition of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria.
161:
4144:
4092:
1315:
586:
463:
between 1978 and 1990, and opened an engineering office in 1993 in
387:
715:"More Kurdish Cities Liberated As Syrian Army Withdraws from Area"
1260:"Czechs release Syrian Kurdish leader, won't extradite to Turkey"
1076:"PYD's Muslim at Newroz rally in Frankfurt: Victory will be ours"
1058:"PYD leader to European Parliament: Turkey still supporting ISIS"
490:
470:
On 9 October 2013, Salih Muslim's son
Shervan, a fighter in the
1616:
Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria
1380:
627:
595:
557:
532:
505:
464:
456:
441:
49:
598:"if it's suitable with Ankara's policies." However, following
369:
report about the PYD, including an interview with Salih Muslim
339:, the failure of which spurred him into becoming more active.
327:
movement during the 1970s when he was studying engineering at
4760:
Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference
1375:
1134:"Syrian Kurdish leader holds secret talks in Turkey: reports"
448:
445:
437:
324:
303:
169:
489:
According to Muslim himself, he has permission to reside in
455:
from 1970 until graduating in 1977. After a brief stint in
946:"Why Turkey issued arrest warrant for this Kurdish leader"
366:
4765:
International recognition of the Syrian National Council
1120:"PYD leader arrives in Turkey for two-day talks: Report"
486:
in a public funeral which thousands of people attended.
424:
Salih was re-elected co-chairman of the PYD alongside
3828:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
300:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
285:
1467:
Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
1185:"Turkey plots to assassinate Rojava administrators"
862:"Syrian Kurdish PYD elects new co-chairs in Rojava"
678:"New co-chairs elected for PYD in the 7th Congress"
538:
428:on June 20, 2022 during the party's 9th congress.
1148:"Salih Muslim's trip to Turkey and Incirlik Base"
399:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
296:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
4828:
3025:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
2936:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
1519:International reactions to the Syrian civil war
602:in Turkey, largely due to the raise of Kurdish
373:
125:Serving with Asya Abdullah (since 2012)
1436:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
390:in March 2011, following the beginning of the
1331:
962:. Firat News. 11 October 2013. Archived from
318:
2178:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)
1575:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria
1462:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war
1278:"Czech's drop Salih Müslim extradition case"
1060:. ARA News. 3 September 2016. Archived from
1044:"Saleh Moslem speaks at a panel in Scotland"
1022:"After Belonging. New World Embassy: Rojava"
764:Gunter, Michael M.; Yavuz, M. Hakan (2020).
482:. He was buried in the family's hometown of
408:
38:
4718:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
1958:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)
1524:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
1199:"Turkey Increases Pressure on Syrian Kurds"
763:
386:(PUK) camp in Iraq in 2010. He returned to
344:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria (KDP-S)
4857:Democratic Union Party (Syria) politicians
4713:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
3662:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
2861:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
2622:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
1338:
1324:
960:"Thousands bid farewell to Sherzan Muslim"
337:ongoing fight against the Iraqi government
48:
4593:International demonstrations and protests
2699:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack
1995:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)
1150:. Yeni Safak. 7 July 2015. Archived from
899:
897:
895:
893:
4739:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany
3823:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution
940:
938:
936:
876:
514:
440:, was born in a Syrian village close to
378:In 2003, Muslim joined the newly formed
352:
1803:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)
1570:US intervention in the Syrian civil war
14:
4829:
3207:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)
2485:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)
1102:"Crisis in Syria boosts Kurdish hopes"
890:
680:. Firat News Agency. 28 September 2017
323:Muslim first became involved with the
65:Chairman of the Democratic Union Party
4708:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)
4478:
4208:
3634:
3495:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
3315:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict
3055:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)
3020:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)
2931:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)
2921:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)
1636:
1357:
1319:
1164:
933:
699:Germany, www.kurdwatch.org - Berlin.
4862:Istanbul Technical University alumni
3833:Syrian Revolution General Commission
3573:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria
2352:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field
1555:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
1345:
1122:. Hurriyet Daily News. 25 July 2013.
1078:. ANF. 18 March 2017. Archived from
759:
757:
734:
732:
480:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
4790:Syrian civil war in popular culture
4683:UN Security Council Resolution 2118
2612:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)
2302:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)
2285:First Battle of the Shaer gas field
1024:. Oslo Architecture Triennale 2016s
698:
313:
298:. As the deputy coordinator of the
275:
267:
193:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
39:
24:
4693:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
3884:Authenticity and Development Front
3558:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown
3553:December 2011 Turkish border clash
3344:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes
2801:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)
2714:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)
2572:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)
1840:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres
1611:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
1565:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
1452:Casualties of the Syrian civil war
25:
4883:
3583:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident
3524:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut
3477:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
3045:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)
3030:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)
2771:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
2637:May Jableh & Tartous bombings
2587:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
2552:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
2505:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)
1892:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)
1560:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
1304:
864:. Kurdistan 24. 30 September 2017
754:
729:
519:Salih Muslim, co-chairman of the
415:Movement for a Democratic Society
346:, the Syrian branch of the Iraqi
302:, he has been the most prominent
4811:
4810:
4527:2017 Northern regional elections
4159:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
3770:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
3635:
3285:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah
3182:Turkish offensive into northeast
3162:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)
3050:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)
2719:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)
2562:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
1830:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush
1711:2010s in Syria political history
1457:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
556:Addressing thousands during the
539:Relations with foreign countries
431:
4723:Syrian Constitutional Committee
4069:International Freedom Battalion
3667:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
3065:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)
3015:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)
2961:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)
2816:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)
2791:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)
2781:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)
2647:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)
2627:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)
2567:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)
2435:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
2317:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)
2163:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)
2094:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)
1963:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)
1798:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
1773:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation
1284:. 18 March 2018. Archived from
1270:
1252:
1227:
1209:
1191:
1177:
1158:
1140:
1126:
1112:
1094:
1068:
1050:
1036:
1014:
1000:
978:
952:
948:. Al-Monitor. 27 November 2016.
911:
907:. Al Monitor. 27 February 2018.
306:representative for much of the
4837:People of the Syrian civil war
3578:Assassination of Andrei Karlov
3448:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
3147:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor
2891:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)
2694:September Deir ez-Zor air raid
2684:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)
2642:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)
2632:Northern Raqqa offensive (May)
2520:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
854:
829:
804:
707:
692:
670:
648:
348:Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP)
123:2010 – September 2017
13:
1:
4522:2017 Northern local elections
4512:2015 Northern local elections
3874:National Front for Liberation
3811:Local Coordination Committees
3359:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)
3197:Israeli missile strikes (Nov)
2841:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack
2138:Khan al-Assal chemical attack
1934:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
1748:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
1533:Specific groups and countries
1358:
1165:sabah, daily (24 July 2019).
742:. Carnegie Middle East Center
641:
453:Istanbul Technical University
403:Kurdish-Turkish peace process
331:after becoming influenced by
329:Istanbul Technical University
294:(PYD), the main party of the
231:Istanbul Technical University
54:Salih Muslim in December 2012
4785:2015 European migrant crisis
4059:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
2951:Euphrates Crossing offensive
2445:Western al-Hasakah offensive
2405:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
2273:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)
2029:Quneitra Governorate clashes
1768:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh
1696:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
1637:
1445:Effects and ongoing concerns
600:June 2015 AKP electoral loss
384:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
374:Democratic Union Party (PYD)
290:) is the co-chairman of the
180:Democratic Union Party (PYD)
7:
4673:U.S.–Russia peace proposals
4628:Syrian government reactions
4618:Status of the Golan Heights
4613:Sectarianism and minorities
4537:2020 parliamentary election
4517:2016 parliamentary election
4502:2012 parliamentary election
4479:
4437:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid
4337:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni
4184:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
4043:Northern Democratic Brigade
3899:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
3894:Revolutionary Commando Army
3775:Popular Mobilization Forces
3563:2012 Turkish border clashes
3152:Dêrik prison escape attempt
2557:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)
2510:2015–2016 Latakia offensive
2480:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)
2475:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)
2362:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)
2347:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict
2123:Bayda and Baniyas massacres
1431:Sectarianism and minorities
1406:Syrian government reactions
988:. Reuters. 27 February 2018
921:. EKurd Daily. 20 June 2022
658:. EKurd Daily. 20 June 2022
585:. During an interview with
401:. In July 2013, during the
286:
159:1951 (age 72–73)
10:
4888:
4852:Syrian Kurdish politicians
4668:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
4542:2021 presidential election
4507:2014 presidential election
4209:
3753:medical facility targeting
3609:Deir ez-Zor missile strike
3568:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
3487:Jordanian border incidents
3132:Idlib inter-rebel conflict
3070:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)
2946:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)
2734:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)
2704:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)
2674:Operation Euphrates Shield
2602:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
2490:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
2415:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)
2410:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)
2357:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
2206:First Inter-rebel conflict
2168:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
2077:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)
1980:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
1010:. eKurd. 17 February 2016.
474:(YPG), was killed west of
319:Early political activities
4806:
4747:
4731:
4636:
4550:
4489:
4485:
4474:
4215:
4204:
4143:
4130:Group of the One and Only
4110:Military activity of ISIL
4100:
4091:
4051:
4003:People's Protection Units
3993:
3985:Smaller political parties
3965:
3956:Autonomous Administration
3954:
3912:
3856:
3796:
3787:
3721:
3713:Palestine Liberation Army
3685:
3652:
3645:
3641:
3630:
3601:
3542:
3503:
3485:
3456:
3427:
3416:
3377:
3323:
3269:
3246:Idlib Governorate clashes
3220:
3172:Hass refugee camp bombing
3108:
3060:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)
2981:
2896:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)
2871:Maskanah Plains offensive
2866:Desert campaign (May–Jul)
2796:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)
2747:
2528:
2370:
2268:Second siege of Wadi Deif
2263:Kafr Zita chemical attack
2228:Daraa offensive (Feb–May)
2186:
2099:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl
2042:
1848:
1835:Idlib Governorate clashes
1820:Daraa Governorate clashes
1788:Jabal al-Zawiya operation
1719:
1649:
1645:
1632:
1603:
1532:
1511:
1475:
1444:
1368:
1364:
1353:
572:
543:
529:Rosa Luxemburg Foundation
472:People's Protection Units
409:TEV-DEM foreign relations
253:
245:
237:
224:
216:
211:Mahmoud Muslim (brother)
207:
199:
186:
175:
155:
150:
146:
130:
116:
100:
81:
70:
63:
59:
47:
34:
4120:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
4064:Kurdistan Workers' Party
4008:Women's Protection Units
3980:Kurdish National Council
3429:Israel and Golan Heights
3300:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
3142:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani
2901:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
2856:April Turkish airstrikes
2831:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)
2664:Southern Aleppo campaign
2607:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
2500:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)
2470:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
2400:Southern Syria Offensive
2034:Talbiseh bakery massacre
1985:First siege of Wadi Deif
1975:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz
1872:January al-Midan bombing
1604:Agreements and dialogues
1585:Syrian Democratic Forces
1187:. ANF. 28 November 2016.
1136:. Yahoo. 5 October 2014.
1046:. ANF. 15 December 2016.
886:. ANF. 27 February 2018.
579:Kurdistan Workers' Party
478:during clashes with the
4598:International reactions
4583:Human rights violations
4074:Sinjar Resistance Units
4033:Syriac Military Council
4023:Army of Revolutionaries
3958:of North and East Syria
3818:Syrian National Council
3672:Arab Socialist Movement
3593:Operation Spring Shield
3534:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
3514:Lebanese border clashes
3408:Northern border clashes
3369:Northwest clashes (Dec)
3349:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes
3251:Kafr-Takharim airstrike
3100:Northern border clashes
2821:March Damascus bombings
2786:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)
2739:Palmyra offensive (Dec)
2617:Palmyra offensive (Mar)
2450:Palmyra offensive (May)
2295:Battle of Tabqa Airbase
2290:Eastern Syria offensive
2173:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
884:"Saleh Muslim released"
740:"Saleh Muslim Mohammed"
342:In 1998, he joined the
4775:Syrian detainee report
4661:UN supervision mission
4651:Friends of Syria Group
4573:Damaged heritage sites
3975:Democratic Union Party
3927:Jordanian intervention
3848:Syrian Patriotic Group
3677:Syrian Communist Party
3588:2020 Balyun airstrikes
3443:February 2018 incident
3090:Qamishli clashes (Sep)
3005:Operation Olive Branch
2846:Shayrat missile strike
2679:Aleppo summer campaign
2669:Battle of al-Rai (Aug)
2582:February Homs bombings
2440:Battle of Yarmouk Camp
2430:Second Battle of Idlib
2143:Khan al-Assal massacre
2106:Ghouta chemical attack
1488:Early insurgency phase
535:
380:Democratic Union Party
370:
292:Democratic Union Party
4780:Syrian media coverage
4656:Kofi Annan peace plan
4079:Êzîdxan Women's Units
4028:SDF military councils
3758:military intervention
3731:Hezbollah involvement
3686:Military and militias
3529:North Lebanon clashes
3290:Missile strikes (Jan)
3177:Missile strikes (Aug)
3095:Missile strikes (Sep)
3040:Missile strikes (Apr)
3035:Douma chemical attack
2886:Daraa offensive (Jun)
2577:Al-Shaddadi offensive
2515:Tishrin Dam offensive
2395:Daraa Offensive (Jan)
2390:Air Force An-26 crash
2332:Daraa offensive (Oct)
2216:Deir ez-Zor offensive
2082:Battle of Raqqa (Mar)
1882:First Battle of Idlib
1706:Human rights in Syria
1580:Kurdish Area in Syria
1396:Background and causes
717:. Rudaw. 20 July 2012
630:, the capital of the
518:
436:Muslim, a citizen of
364:
287:Ṣāliḥ Muslim Muḥammad
260:Salih Muslim Muhammad
91:Serving with
36:Salih Muslim Muhammad
27:Syrian Kurdish leader
18:Salih Muslim Muhammad
4688:Geneva II conference
4646:Arab League monitors
4623:Spillover in Lebanon
4532:2018 local elections
4497:2011 local elections
4277:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
4038:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
3864:Syrian National Army
3838:Syrian Support Group
3364:Operation Claw-Sword
3339:Battle of al-Hasakah
3085:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)
2926:Hama offensive (Sep)
2776:January Azaz bombing
2689:5 September bombings
2460:Tell Abyad offensive
2258:Battle of Al-Malihah
2158:Battle of Tell Abyad
2153:Battle of Ras al-Ayn
1904:May Battle of Rastan
1701:Damascus Declaration
1545:Russian intervention
1503:Syrian peace process
1493:2012–2013 escalation
1476:Phases and processes
1416:Inter-rebel conflict
1401:Syrian peace process
1154:on 22 November 2016.
1064:on 3 September 2016.
268:Salih Muslim Mihemed
182:(2003–present)
4578:Foreign involvement
4457:Abdurrahman Mustafa
4412:Yassin al-Haj Saleh
4377:Abdul Halim Khaddam
3889:Army of Free Tribes
3857:Opposition militias
3748:Russian involvement
3736:Iranian involvement
3693:Syrian Armed Forces
3472:Operation al-Shabah
3438:March 2017 incident
3157:Tell Rifaat clashes
2973:Beit Jinn offensive
2966:Abu Kamal offensive
2906:Idlib clashes (Jul)
2876:East Hama offensive
2597:Battle of Tel Abyad
2337:Al-Safira offensive
2327:Homs school bombing
2116:Battle of al-Qusayr
2111:Al-Qusayr offensive
1914:Battle of al-Haffah
1887:Battle of al-Qusayr
1763:May Talkalakh siege
1671:Corrective Movement
1550:Turkish involvement
1540:Russian involvement
1266:. 27 February 2018.
1223:. 13 February 2018.
1221:Hurryiet Daily News
1205:. 23 November 2016.
816:Hürriyet Daily News
551:European Parliament
220:Five (one deceased)
4872:People from Kobanî
4867:Rojava politicians
4397:Ali Mahmoud Othman
3843:Adopt a Revolution
3806:National Coalition
3798:Interim government
3398:Damascus airstrike
3305:US airstrike (Jun)
3295:US airstrike (Feb)
3261:Deir ez-Zor ambush
3202:Qah missile strike
3080:As-Suwayda attacks
3075:Southern offensive
2916:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)
2826:Al-Jinah airstrike
2592:Khanasir offensive
2312:Quneitra offensive
2072:Damascus offensive
2067:Battle of Shadadeh
1929:Battle of Damascus
1919:Al-Qubeir massacre
1897:Battle of Taftanaz
1808:Battle of Zabadani
966:on 22 October 2013
782:10.1111/mepo.12476
770:Middle East Policy
536:
371:
166:Aleppo Governorate
4824:
4823:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4755:Exclusive mandate
4732:War crimes trials
4703:2016 Geneva talks
4470:
4469:
4462:Fadlallah al-Haji
4417:Bouthaina Shaaban
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4087:
4086:
4018:Al-Sanadid Forces
4013:Anti-Terror Units
3950:
3949:
3783:
3782:
3698:Syrian Resistance
3654:Politics of Syria
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3393:Al-Sukhnah attack
3354:Jarqli airstrikes
3236:COVID-19 pandemic
3192:November bombings
3010:Battle of Khasham
2956:Mayadin offensive
2941:Battle of Harasta
2811:Palmyra offensive
2495:Al-Hawl offensive
2455:Qamishli bombings
2253:Latakia Offensive
2211:Battle of Markada
2024:Battle of Darayya
2000:Battle of Darayya
1924:Battle of Tremseh
1743:Syrian Revolution
1676:Islamist uprising
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1483:Syrian revolution
1426:Cities and towns
1235:"A Shameful case"
1108:. 18 August 2012.
496:Muslim can speak
362:
284:
257:
256:
241:Chemical engineer
195:(1998–2003)
16:(Redirected from
4879:
4814:
4813:
4588:Humanitarian aid
4568:Chemical weapons
4563:Cities and towns
4487:
4486:
4476:
4475:
4432:Fadwa Souleimane
4422:Abdulbaset Sieda
4402:Ibrahim Qashoush
4392:Ali Habib Mahmud
4302:Hamza al-Khateeb
4297:Kamal al-Labwani
4287:Haitham al-Maleh
4282:Suheil al-Hassan
4220:Ammar Abdulhamid
4206:
4205:
4179:Malhama Tactical
4164:Caucasus Emirate
4098:
4097:
3963:
3962:
3869:Free Syrian Army
3794:
3793:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3425:
3424:
3382:
3328:
3274:
3256:Ayn Issa clashes
3225:
3113:
2986:
2911:Central campaign
2806:Qaboun offensive
2752:
2729:Battle of al-Bab
2652:Manbij offensive
2533:
2375:
2238:Al-Otaiba ambush
2191:
2062:Battle of Safira
2047:
2017:Halfaya massacre
1968:Darayya massacre
1951:Siege of Base 46
1946:Battle of Anadan
1941:Battle of Aleppo
1877:Battle of Rastan
1853:
1825:Battle of Rastan
1793:Siege of Latakia
1758:Siege of Baniyas
1724:
1681:Latakia protests
1647:
1646:
1634:
1633:
1386:Syrian civil war
1366:
1365:
1355:
1354:
1347:Syrian civil war
1340:
1333:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1203:Voice of America
1195:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1082:on 31 March 2017
1072:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
956:
950:
949:
942:
931:
930:
928:
926:
915:
909:
908:
901:
888:
887:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
808:
802:
801:
761:
752:
751:
749:
747:
736:
727:
726:
724:
722:
711:
705:
704:
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
652:
608:Solution process
459:, he worked in
392:Syrian Civil War
363:
314:Political career
308:Syrian civil war
289:
279:
277:
269:
151:Personal details
133:
121:
103:
86:
52:
42:
41:
32:
31:
21:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4794:
4743:
4727:
4632:
4546:
4481:
4466:
4447:Razan Zaitouneh
4352:Burhan Ghalioun
4327:Ammar al-Qurabi
4235:al-Assad family
4225:Ali al-Abdallah
4211:
4188:
4174:Junud al-Makhdi
4169:Ajnad al-Kavkaz
4139:
4083:
4047:
3989:
3967:DFNS Government
3957:
3946:
3922:US intervention
3914:Foreign support
3908:
3852:
3779:
3741:Liwa Fatemiyoun
3723:Foreign support
3717:
3708:al-Quds Brigade
3681:
3637:
3614:
3597:
3538:
3519:Battle of Sidon
3499:
3481:
3452:
3412:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3104:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2881:Battle of Raqqa
2836:Battle of Tabqa
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2709:Dabiq offensive
2657:Tokhar massacre
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2465:Kobanî massacre
2425:Idlib Offensive
2420:Battle of Bosra
2380:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2322:Siege of Kobanî
2278:Battle of Arsal
2243:Idlib offensive
2223:Battle of Morek
2196:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2089:Daraa offensive
2052:
2048:
2043:
2038:
1990:Battle of Harem
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1813:Battle of Douma
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1686:Damascus Spring
1641:
1620:
1599:
1595:U.S. task force
1590:Rojava conflict
1528:
1507:
1471:
1440:
1360:
1349:
1344:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1163:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
958:
957:
953:
944:
943:
934:
924:
922:
917:
916:
912:
903:
902:
891:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
860:
859:
855:
845:
843:
835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
810:
809:
805:
762:
755:
745:
743:
738:
737:
730:
720:
718:
713:
712:
708:
697:
693:
683:
681:
676:
675:
671:
661:
659:
654:
653:
649:
644:
583:Abdullah Ocalan
575:
566:flags of Turkey
560:celebration in
546:
541:
434:
411:
376:
353:
333:Mustafa Barzani
321:
316:
212:
188:
187:Other political
176:Political party
160:
131:
126:
122:
117:
101:
96:
88:
82:
77:
55:
43:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4885:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4748:Related topics
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4678:39th G8 summit
4675:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4387:Bassma Kodmani
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Razan Ghazzawi
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4307:Tal al-Mallohi
4304:
4299:
4294:
4292:Moaz al-Khatib
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:Anwar al-Bunni
4269:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4260:Hafez Makhlouf
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4232:
4230:Adnan al-Aroor
4227:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4154:Tahrir al-Sham
4150:
4148:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3802:
3800:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
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1305:External links
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1288:on 5 July 2018
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1239:Yekta Uzunoglu
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632:Czech Republic
624:European Union
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421:with Turkey."
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276:صالح مسلم محمد
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40:صالح مسلم محمد
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2259:
2256:
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2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Maan massacre
2231:
2229:
2226:
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2221:
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2212:
2209:
2208:
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2174:
2171:
2169:
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2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Adra massacre
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
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2126:
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2117:
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2100:
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2018:
2015:
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2010:
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1783:Siege of Homs
1781:
1779:
1778:Siege of Hama
1776:
1774:
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1412:
1411:Belligerents
1409:
1407:
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1402:
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1003:
987:
981:
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857:
842:
838:
832:
817:
813:
807:
799:
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783:
779:
776:(1): 86–101.
775:
771:
767:
760:
758:
741:
735:
733:
716:
710:
702:
695:
679:
673:
657:
651:
647:
639:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
588:
584:
581:(PKK) leader
580:
570:
567:
563:
559:
554:
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534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
513:
511:
507:
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492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
447:
444:in 1951 to a
443:
439:
432:Personal life
429:
427:
426:Asya Abdullah
422:
418:
416:
406:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
368:
351:
349:
345:
340:
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309:
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297:
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215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
158:
154:
149:
145:
142:
138:
137:Shahoz Hassan
135:
129:
120:
115:
112:
108:
105:
99:
94:
93:Asya Abdullah
85:
80:
76:
75:
69:
66:
62:
58:
51:
46:
33:
30:
19:
4698:Vienna talks
4372:Randa Kassis
4347:Farid Ghadry
4322:Khaled Khoja
4317:Riad al-Turk
4125:Liwa al-Aqsa
3995:SDF militias
3937:Saudi Arabia
3763:Wagner Group
3636:Belligerents
3418:
3379:
3325:
3271:
3222:
3187:Barisha raid
3110:
2983:
2749:
2530:
2372:
2188:
2044:
1850:
1721:
1651:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:the original
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1193:
1179:
1170:
1160:
1152:the original
1142:
1128:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
1070:
1062:the original
1052:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1016:
1002:
990:. Retrieved
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:the original
954:
925:13 September
923:. Retrieved
913:
878:
866:. Retrieved
856:
844:. Retrieved
840:
831:
819:. Retrieved
815:
806:
773:
769:
744:. Retrieved
719:. Retrieved
709:
694:
682:. Retrieved
672:
662:13 September
660:. Retrieved
650:
636:
620:Turkish lira
576:
555:
547:
495:
488:
469:
461:Saudi Arabia
435:
423:
419:
412:
396:
377:
341:
322:
259:
258:
189:affiliations
132:Succeeded by
118:
107:Anwar Muslim
95:(since 2022)
89:20 June 2022
83:
72:
29:
4847:1951 births
4770:Syria Files
4452:Rami Jarrah
4382:Michel Kilo
4367:Salim Idris
4342:Aref Dalila
4115:Dokumacılar
3904:Grey Wolves
3403:Hama attack
1171:Daily Sabah
1028:25 November
992:11 December
841:www.zeit.de
616:Daily Sabah
591:Orla Guerin
525:Ulla Jelpke
203:Ayşe Efendi
141:Aysha Hisso
111:Aysha Hisso
102:Preceded by
4831:Categories
4558:Casualties
4147:and allies
4135:Liwa Dawud
3789:Opposition
3602:Elsewhere:
2342:Idlib Raid
1652:Background
1498:Ceasefires
1282:Ahval News
1264:Al Monitor
970:17 October
642:References
476:Tell Abyad
262:(Kurmanji
249:Politician
246:Profession
238:Occupation
226:Alma mater
139:alongside
109:alongside
4603:Massacres
4490:Elections
4427:Riad Seif
4093:Islamists
3419:Spillover
1666:1966 coup
1661:1963 coup
1421:Spillover
1391:Timeline
1359:Overviews
868:9 October
846:15 August
821:15 August
798:219004728
790:1475-4967
684:9 October
604:HDP party
589:reporter
562:Frankfurt
281:romanized
208:Relations
119:In office
74:Incumbent
4816:Category
4608:Refugees
4145:al-Qaeda
1639:Timeline
1292:18 March
1106:BBC News
1086:19 March
587:BBC News
388:Qamishli
217:Children
4480:Related
4052:Support
3703:PFLP-GC
3505:Lebanon
3385:Jan-Dec
3331:Jan–Dec
3277:Jan–Dec
3228:Jan–Dec
3124:Sep–Dec
3120:May–Aug
3116:Jan–Apr
2997:Sep–Dec
2993:May–Aug
2989:Jan–Apr
2763:Sep–Dec
2759:May–Aug
2755:Jan–Apr
2544:Sep–Dec
2540:May–Aug
2536:Jan–Apr
2382:Aug–Dec
2378:Jan–Jul
2198:Aug–Dec
2194:Jan–Jul
2054:May–Dec
2050:Jan–Apr
1864:Sep–Dec
1860:May–Aug
1856:Jan–Apr
1735:Sep–Dec
1731:May–Aug
1727:Jan–Apr
746:26 July
721:25 July
523:, with
510:Turkish
502:English
498:Kurdish
491:Finland
449:Kurdish
325:Kurdish
304:Kurdish
283::
264:Kurdish
4551:Issues
4250:Rifaat
4240:Bashar
4210:People
3942:Turkey
3611:(Iran)
3544:Turkey
1381:Rojava
1244:5 July
796:
788:
628:Prague
606:, the
596:Ankara
573:Turkey
558:Newroz
544:Europe
533:Berlin
506:Arabic
484:Kobanê
465:Aleppo
457:London
442:Kobani
272:Arabic
233:(1977)
200:Spouse
162:Kobanî
4245:Maher
3932:Qatar
3646:Syria
1376:Syria
794:S2CID
446:Sunni
438:Syria
365:2013
170:Syria
87:
3458:Iraq
3380:2023
3326:2022
3272:2021
3223:2020
3111:2019
2984:2018
2750:2017
2531:2016
2373:2015
2189:2014
2045:2013
1851:2012
1722:2011
1294:2018
1246:2018
1088:2017
1030:2016
994:2019
972:2013
927:2022
870:2017
848:2020
823:2020
786:ISSN
748:2012
723:2012
686:2017
664:2022
508:and
156:Born
778:doi
612:AKP
531:in
527:at
521:PYD
367:VOA
335:'s
4833::
1280:.
1262:.
1237:.
1219:.
1201:.
1169:.
1104:.
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892:^
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814:.
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772:.
768:.
756:^
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467:.
394:.
310:.
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274::
270:,
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1248:.
1173:.
1090:.
1032:.
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872:.
850:.
825:.
800:.
780::
750:.
725:.
703:.
688:.
666:.
20:)
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