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interior decoration. In the soubassements, the lower portions where no traces of original color were found, they used a neutral tone, to avoid conflicting with the colors of the stained glass windows. For their palette of colors on other decoration, they drew upon the illuminations of a 13th-century book of Psalm from the Royal
Library. They systematically repainted the forty-four 13th-century quadrilobe medallions on the stone arches of the soubassements, which depicted the martyrdom of saints presented against a gilded background. In 1845 Steinheil continued by repainting all of the medallions of the nave, with the exception of those in the two royal alcoves, following the original compositions. In 1983 the Service of Historic Monuments cleaned four of the medallions which had not been restored, and un-restored two which had been repainted, to study the original traces of paint from before 1845.
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2194:. However, the term was also applied to a number of other buildings. Louis IX's chapel inspired several "copies", in the sense of royal or ducal chapels of broadly similar architectural form, built to house relics, particularly fragments of Louis' Passion Relics given by the King. Such chapels were normally attached to a ducal palace (e.g. Bourges, Riom), or else to an Abbey with particular links to the royal family (e.g. St-Germer-de-Fly). As with the original, such Holy Chapels were nearly always additional to the regular palatine or abbatial chapel, with their own dedicated clergy—usually established as a college of canons. For the patrons, such chapels served not only as public expressions of personal piety but also as valuable diplomatic tools, encouraging important visitors to come and venerate their relics and showing their connection to the French crown. Notable
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entirely made of stained glass; a total of 670 square meters (7,200 sq ft) of glass, not counting the rose window at the west end. This was a clever illusion created by the master builder; each vertical support of the windows is composed of seven slender columns, which disguise their full thickness. In addition, the walls and windows are braced on the exterior by two belts of iron chain, one at the mid-level of the bays and the other at the top of the lancets; these are hidden behind the bars holding the stained glass. Additional metal supports are hidden under the eaves of the roof to brace the windows against the wind or other stress. Furthermore, the windows of the nave are slightly higher than the windows in the apse (15.5 meters, 51 ft compared with 13.7 meters, 45 ft), making the chapel appear longer than it actually is.
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are dominated by Old
Testament exemplars of ideal kingship/queenship in an obvious nod to their royal patrons. The cycle starts at the western bay of the north wall with scenes from the Book of Genesis (heavily restored). The next ten windows of the nave follow clockwise with scenes from Exodus, Joseph, Numbers/Leviticus, Joshua/Deuteronomy, Judges, (moving to the south wall) Jeremiah/Tobias, Judith/Job, Esther, David and the Book of Kings. The final window, occupying the westernmost bay of the south wall brings this narrative of sacral kingship right up to date with a series of scenes showing the rediscovery of Christ's relics, the miracles they performed, and their relocation to Paris in the hands of King Louis himself.
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upper chapel, with a figure of Christ giving a blessing, with the Virgin Mary and John the
Baptist alongside him. Two angels are behind him, holding the crown of thorns and the cross, the most famous relics of the chapel. On the lintel below, the sculpture depicts Saint Michael weighing the souls of the dead, with those sent to heaven on the left and those damned on the right. Sculpted Biblical scenes from the Old Testament fill the panels on lower walls, including the Creation and Noah's ark. They were made by Geoffroy-Dechaume in 1869–70.
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as Master of the
Ezekiel window, made the Ezekiel and Daniel windows, as well as the window of the Kings. That work is characterized by elongated forms, and more elaborate and angular draperies. The third artist or workshop is called the Master of Judith and Esther, for the distinct style of those windows, as well as the window of Job. They are distinguished by more subtle details in the faces, and a resemblance to the figures in illuminated manuscripts.
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1236:. He replaced it with another in about 1460, but this spire burned in 1630. It was replaced by another, which was destroyed following the French Revolution in 1793. The present spire was built of cedar wood by the architect Lassus beginning in 1852. The sculpture decorating the spire was designed in 1853 by Geoffroy-Dechaume. The painter-designer Steinheil designed the sculpture at the base of the spire, and his face appears as two of the apostles,
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2108:, which went primarily to Venetian bankers, to whom he had mortgaged the crown to pay for the defence of the city. By purchasing the crown, Louis gained the prestige of funding the conquest of Constantinople, as well as displaying his personal devotion. The crown arrived in August 1239 and was placed in the earlier royal chapel of St. Nicholas, near the palace. Two years later, he made an additional purchase from Baudouin of a piece of the
726:. The chapel was turned into a storehouse for grain, and the sculpture and royal emblems on the exterior were smashed. The spire was pulled down. Some of the stained glass was broken or dispersed, but nearly two-thirds of the glass today is original; some of the original glass was relocated in other windows, The sacred relics were dispersed although some survive as the "
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ruddy windows on all sides, the most beautiful cloths of the altars, the wondrous merits of the sanctuary, the figures of the reliquaries externally adorned with dazzling gems, bestow such a hyperbolic beauty on that house of prayer, that, in going into it below, one understandably believes oneself, as if rapt to heaven, to enter one of the best chambers of
Paradise.
1177:. On either side of the porch are towers which contain the narrow winding stairways to the upper chapel, and which also hide the buttresses. The spires of the towers are also decorated with royal fleur-des-lys beneath a sculpted crown of thorns. This decoration dates to the 15th century, and was restored in about 1850 by Geoffroy-Dechaume.
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Most of the sculpture of the portals was destroyed during the French
Revolution, but between 1855 and 1870 the sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume was able to recreate it, using 18th century descriptions and engravings. One of the major works he recreated was the tympanum over the portal of the
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The lower chapel is only 6.6 meters (22 ft) high, with a six-meter wide central vessel and two narrow side aisles. The supports of the ceiling vaults are unusual; the outward thrust of the vaults is counterbalanced by small, elegant arched buttresses between the outer and inner columns, and they
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The lower chapel was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and was used by the non-royal inhabitants of the neighbouring Royal Palace. The portal of the chapel represents the Virgin Mary as a column statue. The portal, and almost all the decoration of the chapel, was created by
Geoffroy-Duchaume between 1854
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Between 1803 and 1837, the upper chapel was turned into a depository for the archives of the Palace of
Justice next door. The lower two meters (6 ft 7 in) of stained glass was removed to facilitate working light. Some of the glass was used to replace broken glass in other windows, and other
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The goal of the two principal architects of the 19th century restoration, Durban and Lassus, was to recreate the interior, as much as possible, as it appeared in the 13th century. They collected traces of the original polychrome paint from the columns, and in 1842 presented a comprehensive plan for
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identified what appear to be three different ateliers with different styles. The windows in the apse and most of the windows on the north wall of the nave are made by one workshop. These works are known for supple forms and costumes, with simplified features. The second workshop, named by
Grodecki
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The upper chapel is reached by narrow stairways in the towers from lower level. The structure is simple; a rectangle 33 by 10.7 meters (108 by 35 ft), with four traverses and an apse at the east end with seven bays of windows. The most striking features are the walls, which appear to be almost
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The original stained glass of the lower chapel was destroyed by a flood in 1690; it was replaced by colourless glass. The present glass depicts scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary, surrounded by grisaille glass, while the apse has more elaborate and colourful scenes from the Virgin's life. All
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The stained glass was removed and placed into safe storage during World War II. In 1945 a layer of external varnish had been applied to protect the glass from the dust and scratches of wartime bombing. This had gradually darkened, making the already fading images even harder to see. In 2008, a more
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The chapel underwent considerable modification in the centuries that followed. A new two-story building, the
Treasury of Chartres, was attached to the chapel on the north side shortly after it was completed. It remained until 1783, when it was demolished to build the new Palace of Justice. Another
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that most beautiful of chapels, the chapel of the king, most decently situated within the walls of the king's house, enjoys a complete and indissoluble structure of the most solid stone. The most excellent colors of the pictures, the precious gilding of the images, the beautiful transparence of the
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made to hold and display the sacred objects. This was a case, open on the front, 2.7 meters (8 ft 10 in) long, made of silver and gilded copper. Each of the individual objects had its own case of precious metal with jewels. This was originally placed above the altar, but between 1264 and
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Despite some damage the windows display a clear iconographical programme. The three windows of the eastern apse illustrate the New Testament, featuring scenes of The Passion (centre) with the Infancy of Christ (left) and the Life of John the Evangelist (right). By contrast, the windows of the nave
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built a monumental enclosed stairway from the courtyard on the south side to the upper level. This was damaged by fire in 1630, rebuilt, but finally demolished. Fires in the palace in 1630 and 1776 also caused considerable damage, especially to the furniture, and a flood in the winter of 1689–1690
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The two levels of the new chapel, equal in size, had entirely different purposes. The upper level, where the sacred relics were kept, was reserved exclusively for the royal family and their guests. The lower level was used by the courtiers, servants, and soldiers of the palace. It was a very large
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During the French Revolution, the Chasse and the vessels holding the relics were taken apart and melted down for their jewels and precious metals. The fragment of the cross was transferred first in 1793 to a collection of antiquities, then given to the Bishop of Paris. A new reliquary of gold and
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windows in the nave and apse of the upper chapel, which date from the mid-13th century, as well as the later rose window (put in place in the 15th century). The stone wall surface is reduced to little more than a delicate framework. The thousands of small pieces of glass turn the walls into great
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The upper chapel walls also displayed a group of sixteen statues of the Apostles, which date to about 1240. Some portray the apostles in simple classical costumes and bare feet, while others are polychrome and have much more elaborate clerical costumes. Some of these statues are now found in the
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While most of the sculpture on the exterior dates to the 19th century, the apse of the upper chapel contains a number of original 12th century statues, which, unlike the exterior statues, were polychrome. Traces of color were found during the restoration in the 19th century, and the statues were
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The one-hundred forty capitals of the columns are an important decorative feature; they are from the mid-13th century, and predate the columns of the upper chapel. They have floral decoration of acanthus leaves typical of the period. Each of the gilded leaves corresponds with a slender colonette
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Saint Chapelle, built to house a reliquary, was itself like a precious reliquary turned inside out (with the richest decoration on the inside). Although the interior is dominated by the stained glass (see below), every inch of the remaining wall surface and the vault was also richly coloured and
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The restoration of the stained glass was a parallel project, which lasted from 1846 until 1855, with the goal of returning the chapel to its original appearance. It was carried out by the glass craftsmen Antoine Lusson and Maréchal de Metz and the designer Louis Steinheil. About one third of the
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comprehensive seven-year programme of restoration began, costing some €10 million to clean and preserve all the stained glass, clean the facade stonework and conserve and repair some of the sculptures. Half of the funding was provided by private donors, the other half coming from the
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in uneasy disarray, Louis' artistic and architectural patronage helped to position him as the central monarch of western Christendom, the Sainte-Chapelle fitting into a long tradition of prestigious palace chapels. Just as the Emperor could pass privately from his palace into the
1642:, which allowed them to paint on the glass with enamel paints, and to use fire to fuse the paint onto the glass. This allowed them to modify the color, and create shading and other fine details. It was thoroughly cleaned in 2014–15, giving it greater brightness and clarity.
864:. Included in the restoration was an innovative thermoformed glass layer applied outside the stained-glass windows for added protection. The restoration of the flamboyant rose window on the west facade was completed in 2015 in time for the 800th anniversary of the birth of
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The most striking aspect and original feature of the plan is the nearly total absence of masonry walls in the upper chapel. The walls are replaced by pillars and buttresses, and the space between is almost entirely glass, filling the upper chapel with light.
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the windows were designed by Steinheil during the 19th century restoration. The lower chapel originally had a doorway to the sacristy on the left lateral traverse. Since it could not have a window, it was decorated in the 13th century with a mural of the
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Though the buttresses are substantial, they are too close to the vault to counter its side thrust. Metal elements such as iron rods or chains, able to support tension, were used to replace the flying buttresses of previous structures.
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caused major damage to the painted walls of the lower chapel. The original stained glass on the ground floor was removed, and the floor raised. The original ground floor glass was replaced by Gothic-style windows in the 19th century.
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as an assistant. The work continued for twenty-eight years, and served as a training ground for a generation of archeologists and restorers. It was faithful to the original drawings and descriptions of the chapel that survived.
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In addition to serving as a place of worship, the Sainte-Chapelle played an important role in the political and cultural ambitions of King Louis and his successors. With the imperial throne at Constantinople occupied by a mere
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1038:) to their right and the north flank and eastern apse of the Sainte-Chapelle to their left. The chapel exterior shows many of the typical characteristics of Rayonnant architecture—deep buttresses surmounted by pinnacles,
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decorated. Analysis of remaining paint fragments reveals that the original colours were much brighter than those favoured by the 19th-century restorers and would have been closer to the colours of the stained glass. The
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Lower chapel, column capital on reverse of west front. Castles and fleur-de-lis symbols seen here on the columns, are found throughout the chapel, relating to the two royal families from which Louis IX descended (the
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The lower chapel, with the Fleur-de-Lys of Louis IX (symbol from his French Capet royal family heritage) and the castle, (symbol of the Spanish royal family of his mother, Blanche of Castile), decorating the columns
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O how salutary prayers to the all-powerful God pour out in these oratories, when the internal and spiritual purities of those praying correspond proportionally with the external and physical elegance of the oratory!
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were added to Louis's collection, along with other relics. The chapel was consecrated on 26 April 1248 and Louis's relics were moved to their new home with great ceremony. Shortly afterward, the King departed on the
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due to the French Revolution. The organ was built by François-Henri Clicquot, in a case designed by Pierre-Noël Rousset in 1752. However, its Neoclassical style seems to some writers to be too modern for that date.
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The portal of the upper chapel is located on the balcony of the upper level. The original sculpture of the west portal was smashed during the Revolution. It was restored by Geoffroy-Dechaume between 1854 and 1873.
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1267, it was placed atop a high tribune in the apse of the church, where everyone could see it. In 1306, a new sacred relic was added: a portion of the skull of Louis himself, since he had been declared a saint.
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above, which rises upward to support the vaults. The columns are painted with alternating floral designs and the castle emblem of Castile. The red, gold and blue painting dates to the 19th century restoration.
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or arches richly decorated above with painting and sculpture of angels. These were the places where the King and Queen worshipped during religious services; the King on the north side, the Queen on the south.
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restored to include those colors. The arches of the tribune in the apse at the east end, where the case of sacred relics was placed, is ornamented with the original polychrome angels from the 13th century.
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slaying a dragon. Around the feet of the archangel are sculptures, also designed by Geoffroy-Dechaume, of eight persons, portrayed by workers of the reconstruction, laying wreaths at the Archangel's feet.
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The current spire, thirty-three meters (108 ft) high, is the fifth to be built at Sainte-Chapelle since the 13th century. The appearance of the first is unknown, but the second, built in 1383 under
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O how peacefully to the most holy God the praises are sung in these tabernacles, when the hearts of those singers are by the pleasing pictures of the tabernacle analogically beautified with the virtues!
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of the dado arcade were painted with scenes of saints and martyrs and inset with painted and gilded glass, emulating Limoges enamels, while rich textiles hangings added to the richness of the interior.
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glass, added in later years, was removed and replaced with medieval glass from other sources, or with new glass made in the original Gothic style. Eighteen of the original panels are found today in the
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No designer-builder is named in the archives concerned with the construction. In the 19th century it was assumed (as with so many buildings of medieval Paris) to be the work of the master mason
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Gothic rose window installed in the upper chapel in the 15th century. At the top is a pointed arch an oculus window, and a balustrade around the bottom of the roof, decorated with interlaced
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Statue of Louis IX (Note the fleur-de-lis and castle symbols on the columns, symbolic of his royal ancestry through his parents, Louis VIII Capet of France, and Blanche of Castile.)
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panes were put on the market. Beginning in 1835, scholars, archeologists and writers demanded that the church be preserved and restored to its medieval state. In 1840, under King
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O how acceptable to the most glorious God appear the offerings on these altars, when the life of those sacrificing shines in correspondence with the gilded light of the altars!
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shape. Despite its decoration, the exterior is relatively simple and austere, devoid of flying buttresses or major sculpture and giving little hint of the richness within.
969:", marked by its sense of weightlessness and strong vertical emphasis. It stands squarely upon a lower chapel, which served as parish church for all the inhabitants of the
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483:(built 782–805)—a parallel that Louis was keen to exploit in presenting himself as a worthy successor to the first Holy Roman Emperor. The presence of the fragment of the
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in the foreground. Throughout the chapel, symbols of fleur-de-lis and castles are found repeatedly, in a nod to Louis IX's royal heritage (the fleur-de-lis of the French
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1049:. The internal division into upper and lower chapels is clearly marked on the outside by a string-course, the lower walls pierced by smaller windows with a distinctive
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An organ is attested from the beginning; it was replaced in 1493, 1550 and 1762. it was not until July 1791 when the organ was transferred from the Sainte-Chapelle to
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structure, 36 meters (118 ft) long, 17 meters (56 ft) wide, and 42.5 meters (139 ft) high, ranking in size with the new Gothic cathedrals in France.
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Gothic style, named for the flamelike curling designs. It is nine meters in diameter, and is composed of eighty-nine separate panels representing scenes of the
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Some of the early stained glass that was removed from Saint-Chapelle is now found in the other museums, including the National Museum of the Middle Ages, or
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building, which served as a vestiary and sacristy, as well as residence for the guardian of the treasury, was placed on the north side. In the 15th century,
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2641:, is in Alyce A. Jordan, "Rationalizing the Narrative: Theory and Practice in the Nineteenth-Century Restoration of the Windows of the Sainte-Chapelle",
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As the status of Saint Louis grew among Europe's aristocracy, the influence of his famous chapel also extended beyond France, with important copies at
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475:, so now Louis could pass directly from his palace into the Sainte-Chapelle. More importantly, the two-story palace chapel had obvious similarities to
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conserves three panels from the "Judith" window, identified by M. Caviness, "Three medallions of stained glass from the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris",
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2260:: A very similar structure, also called the Sainte-Chapelle, was erected twelve years after the Paris chapel as an addition to the abbey church.
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The entire chapel, by contrast, cost 40,000 livres to build and glaze. Until it was completed in 1248, the relics were housed at chapels at the
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Brenk, Beat (1995). "The Sainte Chapelle as a Capetian Political Program". In Raguin, Virginia Chieffo; Brush, Kathryn; Draper, Peter (eds.).
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Smith, Elizabeth Bradford. (2015). ‘All my stained glass which I brought from Europe’: William Poyntell and the Sainte-Chapelle medallions."
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The contemporary visitor entering the courtyard of the Royal Palace would have been met by the sight of a grand ceremonial staircase (the
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Sainte-Chapelle, in the courtyard of the royal palace on the Île de la Cité (now part of a later administrative complex known as La
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at the west of the upper chapel was made in the late 15th century, later than the other windows. It is a very fine example of the
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Most of the windows were put into place between 1242 and 1248. The names of the glass artists are unknown, but the art historian
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The principal relics for which the chapel was built were the crown of thorns, believed to have been worn by Christ during his
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Interior of the west facade; Christ with Angels, Sts. Isaiah and Jeremiah in the quadrilobes (painting by Steinheil, 1856)
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The sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume with his archangel of the Passion and the head of another sculpture (1847)
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praised the building as one of Paris' most beautiful structures in his "Tractatus de laudibus Parisius" (1323), citing:
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Louis IX receives the crown of thorns and other sacred relics for the Sainte-Chapelle (14th century illustration)
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screens of coloured light, largely deep blues and reds, which gradually change in intensity from hour to hour.
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Erik Inglis, "Gothic Architecture and a Scholastic: Jean de Jandun's Tractatus de laudibus Parisius (1323),"
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and other relics related to the Passion, which were brought to Paris in September 1241. Thereafter, on each
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The most famous features of the chapel, among the finest of their type in the world, are the fifteen great
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window on the south side of the chapel. The relics were stored in a large and elaborate silver chest, the
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The chapel is now operated as a museum by the French Centre of National Monuments, along with the nearby
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1793 - Revolutionaries smash portals and royal emblems. Chapel turned to civil use, and spire destroyed.
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Sainte-Chapelle, as both a symbol of religion and royalty, was a prime target for vandalism during the
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in 1204, and was then ruled by Baudouin II of Cortenay. Baudouin agreed to sell the crown for 135,000
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Quadrilobe painting of martyrdom of an Apostle, upper chapel (19th c. restitution of 13th c. decor)
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Detail of the portal of the upper chapel; Christ and the Last Judgement by Geoffroy-Dechaume
81:
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at his palace in Aix-la-Chapelle (now Aachen). It was built in about 800 and served as the
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The Sainte-Chapelle's most obvious architectural precursors include the apsidal chapels of
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Louis IX places the crown of thorns at Sainte-Chapelle (illuminated manuscript from 1480s)
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on 26 April 1248. The Sainte-Chapelle is considered among the highest achievements of the
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8:
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There are two small alcoves set into the walls on the third traverse of the chapel, with
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630:, in which he was captured and later ransomed and released. In 1704, the French composer
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2976:"Notre-Dame : la couronne d'épines à nouveau présentée à la vénération des fidèles"
2280:
2002:, and the castle of the royal Spanish Castile family, the royal heritage of his mother,
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proclaimed that it meant that Christ had symbolically crowned Louis with his own crown.
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2003:
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2186:, the term "Sainte-Chapelle royale" also referred not only to the building but to the
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2495:(2008). "An Indulgence for the Visitor: The Public at the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris".
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and 1858. The primary decorative themes of the sculpture, columns and murals are the
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of the Emperor. In 1238 Louis IX had already built one royal chapel, attached to the
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3083:
Cavicchi, Camilla (2019). "Origin and Dissemination of Images of the Saint Chapel".
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Vaults of the apse (Note the fleur-de-lis symbol, inherited from the Capet line of
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2648:.2, Essays on Stained Glass in Memory of Jane Hayward (1918–1994) (1998:192-200).
2120:
1735:
1357:. This was rediscovered during the 19th century work, and restored by Steinheil.
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are also reinforced by a metallic structure hidden under the paint and plaster.
1314:
Ceiling of the lower chapel. Small gilded flying buttresses reinforce the arches
1088:
1083:, which it resembles in its general form, and the Bishop's Chapel (c. 1180s) of
406:
and restored in the 19th century, it has one of the most extensive 13th-century
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1995:
1955:
1911:
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1244:. Above the gables are statues representing angels carrying the instruments of
1069:
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1690 - Flood damages lower chapel - original lower chapel stained glass removed
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638:
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was buried in the chapel's small cemetery, but this cemetery no longer exists.
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2733:"Laser surgery restores Sainte-Chapelle stained glass window to Gothic glory"
2241:
1534:
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Louis XV departs a ceremony at the Palace, with Sainte-Chapelle behind (1715)
407:
170:
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4851:
2272:
Vivier-en-Brie: Founded 1358 by the future Charles V while he was still the
2231:
587:. This money was paid to the Venetians to whom the relics had been pawned.
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5000:
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Crown of Thorns in gilded crystal case (Notre-Dame de Paris, now in Louvre)
1987:
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Detail of a stained-glass window depicting a baptism (late 12th century) (
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Prior to the dissolution of the Sainte-Chapelle in 1803, following the
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622:
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337:, the residence of the Kings of France until the 14th century, on the
4403:
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3061:(in French). Éditions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux.
2263:
2101:
1790:
Relief sculpture of Noah's ark and the flood (portal of upper chapel)
1645:
1528:
Genesis - God creates plants and trees (south wall, bay 9 - restored)
966:
934:
1803-1837 - Chapel becomes storeroom for files of Ministry of Justice
914:
357:
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205:
2998:
La Sainte-Chapelle et les chapelles palatines du moyen âge en France
1516:
Saint Louis transports relics of the true cross (south wall, bay 14)
1398:
The upper chapel to the west, with the later flamboyant rose window
398:, Sainte-Chapelle is one of the earliest surviving buildings of the
5010:
3458:
3015:
The Sainte-Chapelle and the Capella regis in the Thirteenth Century
2680:(Report). The Villum Foundation Annual Review, 2009. Archived from
2084:
1014:
878:
509:
1820:
Carved angels holding crown of thorns in the apse (13th century)
831:, a long campaign of restoration began. It was first conducted by
4932:
2546:
Watkin, David, "A History of Western Architecture" (1986), p. 136
2237:
1165:
The west front is composed of a porch two levels high, beneath a
1039:
2300:
Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew, Wrocław
1844:
Sculpture above the alcove of the Queen, upper chapel (13th c.)
1072:
saw in the design the hand of an unidentified master mason from
402:
royal palace on the Île de la Cité. Although damaged during the
3779:
3275:
2531:
Architectural Symbolism and the Decoration of the Ste.-Chapelle
2295:
2266:: Founded 1379 at one of the favourite Valois royal palaces by
2141:
1958:
fleur-de-lis through his father, Louis VIII of France, and the
1832:
Sculpture above the alcove of the King, upper chapel (13th c.)
1073:
970:
591:
556:
480:
2858:
2856:
2831:
2829:
2827:
1638:. The 15th-century glass artists used a new technique, called
1337:
emblem of Louis IX and a stylised castle, the coat of arms of
691:
View after the fire of 1630, which destroyed the spire of 1460
1480:
Scenes from Passion of Christ (apse) (click 2X for full-size)
1042:
487:
and crown of thorns gave enormous prestige to Louis IX. Pope
372:
346:
342:
133:
1932:
collection of the National Museum of the Middle Ages in the
1910:
St. John, undecorated (now in the Museum of the Middle Ages
1778:
The creation of Eve from Adam's rib (portal of upper chapel)
946:
1846-55 - Restoration and additions to stained glass windows
2957:
2955:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2911:
Les Vitraux de Notre-Dame et de la Sainte-Chapelle de Paris
2868:
2853:
2841:
2824:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2562:
2251:
5221:
Roman Catholic churches in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
2537:, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Jun. 1995), pp. 308-320, esp. p.317 n.45
1270:
Plan of the lower chapel (front) and upper chapel (right)
352:
Construction began sometime after 1238 and the chapel was
3085:
Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography
2450:
2448:
2446:
717:
590:
The relics arrived in Paris in August 1239, carried from
2952:
2892:
2880:
2812:
2778:
2651:
2586:
2574:
1718:
Daniel and Dream of Nebuchadnezzar (late 12th century) (
2675:
The stained-glass windows of the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris
2132:, it was displayed in the treasury of the cathedral of
913:
End of 15th c. - Monumental exterior stairway built by
5171:
13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France
2768:
2766:
2443:
417:, the other remaining vestige of the original palace.
2128:
crystal was made for the crown of thorns. Since the
1045:
around the roof-line and vast windows subdivided by
961:
The royal chapel is a prime example of the phase of
952:
1862- Chapel is classified as an historical monument
943:
1840-48 - Major restoration of chapel and decoration
661:
2806:
St Louis and the Court Style in Gothic Architecture
2763:
567:, and some thirty other items. Louis purchased his
1808:Carved angel on the alcove of the King, north wall
1686:The Resurrection of the dead (late 12th century) (
1646:Stained glass from Saint-Chapelle in other museums
743:
606:, on which Louis spent a further 100,000 livres.
2913:, Corpus Vitrearum Media Aevi, Vol.1, Paris, 1959
2471:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 195–213.
896:1264-1267 - Installation of the tribune of relics
887:1241 - The crown and other relics arrive in Paris
5162:
3145:Informative Article From 1921 On Sainte Chapelle
2140:on 15 April 2019 and has since been kept in the
1990:in the background, and the castle symbol of the
893:1248 - Sainte-Chapelle completed and consecrated
508:Charter of foundation of the Sainte-Chapelle by
5211:Monuments of the Centre des monuments nationaux
3182:
2244:decorated with sculptures and stained glass by
2027:
1962:castle through his mother, Blanche of Castile).
1504:Scenes from Ezekiel and Job (south wall, bay 4)
379:– one of the most important relics in medieval
2711:Centre des monuments nationaux: Discovery Area
2161:The late 16th-century organ by Jacques Cellier
1569:Centerpiece- vision of the seven candlesticks
3474:
3168:
1427:
740:, were melted down for their precious metal.
3820:Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge
1621:Detail of rose window; souls under the altar
925:1630 - Fire damages spire and outer stairway
430:Sainte-Chapelle was inspired by the earlier
278:
1064:and completed the south transept façade of
797:The chapel undergoing restoration (1841–67)
757:Sainte-Chapelle in 1839, before restoration
3900:Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
3481:
3467:
3175:
3161:
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2934:
2922:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2847:
2835:
2818:
2791:
2657:
2615:Bulletin of the Philadelphia Museum of Art
2597:
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2568:
2454:
2421:
2370:
2174:
919:1460 (approx.) 14th century spire replaced
40:
2668:
2666:
2059:The Grande Châsse, or reliquary, in 1790
1702:King Saul and David (late 12th century) (
1386:The Chasse, which held the sacred relics
425:
3082:
2973:
2758:Les Bâtisseurs des cathédrales gothiques
2469:Artistic integration in Gothic buildings
1886:Sculpture on north wall of upper chapel
1492:Scenes from life of Ezekiel (south wall)
1232:, is pictured in an illustration of the
937:1805 - Relics of Passion transferred to
4901:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
2974:Clicquot, Athénaïs (9 September 2019).
2803:
2772:
1555:
1060:, who worked on the remodelling of the
14:
5163:
3112:Journal of the History of Collections.
3034:
2672:
2663:
1248:. Above the chevet is a statue of the
922:1485-1498 - west rose window installed
734:. Various reliquaries, including the
718:Revolutionary vandalism (18th century)
3810:Musée national des Monuments Français
3730:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
3462:
3156:
3105:La Sainte Chapelle et la Conciergerie
3059:La Sainte-Chapelle- Palais de la Cité
2491:
2466:
2216:to house a fragment of the True Cross
1747:
1410:South wall, looking east to the apse
1302:Lower chapel, with statue of Louis IX
1124:Detail of the flamboyant rose window
318:
46:Sainte-Chapelle, upper level interior
5140:List of tourist attractions in Paris
3815:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
3488:
2346:List of tourist attractions in Paris
1017:holding a fragment of the true cross
973:, which was the seat of government.
613:and a specially built chapel at the
383:. This was later held in the nearby
27:French royal chapel in Paris, France
3705:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
3039:(in French). Paris: La Martinière.
2699:
2321:French Gothic stained glass windows
949:1853-55 - Current spire constructed
494:
410:collections anywhere in the world.
24:
3076:
2369:Events and dates of timeline from
2336:List of historic churches in Paris
1234:Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
785:used to guide the restorers (1847)
539:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
25:
5252:
4896:Mémorial de la France combattante
4611:Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge
3710:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
3374:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
3118:
1609:First horseman of the Apocalypse
662:Modifications (16th–18th century)
4815:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
3139:L'Internaute Magazine: Diaporama
2154:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2011:
1979:
1967:
1946:
1919:
1903:
1898:One of the Apostles, north wall
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1727:
1711:
1695:
1679:
1663:
1614:
1602:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1466:
1454:
1434:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1263:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1022:
1007:
995:
983:
814:
802:
790:
774:
762:
750:
696:
684:
668:
615:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
529:
517:
501:
448:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
5216:Roman Catholic chapels in Paris
3800:Musée national Eugène Delacroix
3213:Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles de Paris
3028:
3007:
2990:
2967:
2904:
2797:
2743:
2725:
2623:
2603:
2363:
2254:: Founded 1382 by Jean de Berry
1360:
1288:
1112:The west front with rose window
744:Restoration (19th–21st century)
5236:World Heritage Sites in France
5206:Monuments historiques of Paris
4319:Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall
2549:
2540:
2523:
2485:
2460:
2402:
2387:
2331:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1198:The spire in the 16th century
956:
364:. It was commissioned by King
253:Official name: Sainte-Chapelle
13:
1:
4943:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
4913:Musée de l'air et de l'espace
3855:Palais de la Légion d'Honneur
3805:Musée national Gustave Moreau
3057:de Finance, Laurence (2012).
2760:, Strasbourg, 1989, pp.181–85
2620:(July–September 1967:249-55).
2393:Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
2351:
2284:
2223:
2206:
1098:
1066:Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris
890:1242-44 - Construction begins
809:The lower chapel in 1900–1905
5231:Tourist attractions in Paris
5191:Gothic architecture in Paris
4971:Bastille Day military parade
4469:Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré
3935:Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle
3860:Musée de la Légion d'honneur
3795:Musée National d'Art Moderne
3735:Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
3511:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
3417:Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre
3315:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
2380:
2136:, but it was saved from the
2028:The relics and the reliquary
1752:
1374:The apse of the upper chapel
617:. In 1246, fragments of the
7:
3990:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
3184:1st arrondissement of Paris
2309:
1998:family through his father,
1939:
1461:Vaults of the upper chapel
1447:Louis VIII Capet, of France
1256:
1148:Portal of the upper chapel
1136:Portal of the lower chapel
976:
871:
555:'s collection of relics of
434:royal chapels, notably the
368:to house his collection of
333:style, within the medieval
329:) is a royal chapel in the
10:
5257:
5176:Churches completed in 1248
4687:Porte de La Chapelle Arena
4010:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
3885:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
3867:Musée de la Vie romantique
3198:Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption
3035:Brisac, Catherine (1994).
2611:Philadelphia Museum of Art
2395:PA00086001 Sainte-Chapelle
2316:French Gothic architecture
2031:
1740:Victoria and Albert Museum
1656:Victoria and Albert Museum
1428:Vaults of the upper chapel
1341:, the mother of Louis IX.
1062:Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis
963:Gothic architectural style
910:1383 - First spire rebuilt
781:A watercolour painting by
420:
5132:
5019:
4961:
4775:
4730:
4702:Stade Pierre de Coubertin
4649:
4552:
4197:Boulevard de la Madeleine
4170:
4058:
3985:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
3875:
3725:Musée des Arts et Métiers
3720:Musée des Arts décoratifs
3669:
3496:
3440:
3384:
3288:Musée des Arts décoratifs
3231:
3208:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
3190:
3114:V.27 (November): 323–334.
3004:, Vol.13, 1962, pp.217–57
2509:10.1017/S003871340001705X
2417:Grove Encyclopedia of Art
2409:Alain Erlande-Brandenburg
2341:Lady Leng Memorial Chapel
2258:Saint-Germer-de-Fly Abbey
2168:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
2034:Relics of Sainte-Chapelle
990:The church from the east
728:relics of Sainte-Chapelle
583:, for the sum of 135,000
324:
291:
286:
274:
266:
258:
251:
242:
227:
212:
199:
191:
186:
147:
139:
129:
122:10, boulevard du Palais,
118:
113:
102:
92:
80:
68:
56:
51:
39:
34:
4918:Musée Fragonard d'Alfort
4879:Walt Disney Studios Park
4800:Château de Fontainebleau
4712:Stade Sébastien Charléty
4667:Halle Georges Carpentier
4641:Coulée verte René-Dumont
4616:Parc des Buttes Chaumont
4459:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois
4000:Saint-Jean de Montmartre
3945:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
3750:Musée de la Cinémathèque
3715:Louis Vuitton Foundation
3021:, Vol.10, 1971, pp.19–22
2804:Branner, Robert (1966),
2707:"Sainte-Chapelle, Paris"
2356:
2212:by Louis IX's grandson,
2192:choir of Sainte-Chapelle
2147:
2138:Notre-Dame de Paris fire
1184:
1160:Gable of the west front
675:Sainte-Chapelle and the
637:The Parisian scholastic
632:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
4785:Basilica of Saint-Denis
4596:Parc Clichy-Batignolles
4202:Boulevard de Sébastopol
2673:Clavel, Sylvie (2009).
2559:, XLII/1 (2003), 63-85.
2240:: Founded 1392 by Duke
2214:Duke Louis I de Bourbon
1926:An Apostle, north wall
1581:Adoration of the beast
905:Sainte-Chapelle Gospels
821:Upper chapel, 1890–1900
4862:Paris La Défense Arena
4810:Château de Rambouillet
4753:Père Lachaise Cemetery
4717:Vélodrome de Vincennes
4567:Jardin d'Acclimatation
4534:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
4314:Place de la République
4005:Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
3980:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
3775:Musée Jacquemart-André
3690:Bibliothèque nationale
3002:Cahiers Archéologiques
2304:Exeter College, Oxford
1986:Wall decoration, with
881:purchases the reputed
659:
551:), was built to house
479:'s palatine chapel at
426:Construction of France
279:
149:Geographic coordinates
5124:World Heritage Centre
5114:Paris Zoological Park
4829:Gardens of Versailles
4743:Montparnasse Cemetery
4621:Parc Georges-Brassens
4424:Rue de la Ferronnerie
4025:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
3975:Saint-François-Xavier
3965:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
3940:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
3920:Synagogue de Nazareth
3785:Musée Marmottan Monet
3770:Maison de Victor Hugo
3627:Philharmonie de Paris
3364:Square du Vert-Galant
2415:(Paris-Buildings) in
2203:Bourbon-l'Archambault
2119:The King had a large
845:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
730:" in the treasury of
643:
600:Relics of the Passion
559:, which included the
391:, which it survived.
375:, including Christ's
5097:Montmartre Funicular
5077:Moulin de la Galette
4847:Château de Vincennes
4805:Château de Malmaison
4795:Château de Chantilly
4722:Vincennes Hippodrome
4672:Longchamp Hippodrome
4586:Jardin du Luxembourg
4324:Place des États-Unis
4304:Place de la Concorde
4299:Place de la Bastille
3845:Musée du Quai Branly
3825:Musée de l'Orangerie
3385:Paris Métro stations
2431:. Paris Digest. 2018
2298:(consecrated 1449),
1862:One of the Apostles
1738:(mid 12th century) (
1556:The west rose window
1222:Detail of the spire
837:Jean-Baptiste Lassus
611:Château de Vincennes
385:Notre-Dame Cathedral
171:48.85528°N 2.34500°E
75:Archdiocese of Paris
4928:Parc de Saint-Cloud
4738:Montmartre Cemetery
4707:Stade Roland Garros
4544:Viaduc d'Austerlitz
4434:Rue de la Sourdière
4334:Place des Victoires
4329:Place des Pyramides
4059:Hôtels particuliers
3930:Notre-Dame de Paris
3905:Chapelle expiatoire
3877:Religious buildings
3790:Musée de Montmartre
3448:Châtelet–Les Halles
3332:Théâtre du Châtelet
3327:Fontaine du Palmier
3293:Les Arts décoratifs
3191:Religious buildings
3103:Gebelin, F. (1937)
2754:Pierre de Montreuil
2326:Gothic architecture
2198:in France include:
2134:Notre Dame de Paris
2089:Notre-Dame de Paris
1654:, in Paris and the
1175:Charles V of France
1058:Pierre de Montreuil
939:Notre-Dame de Paris
901:Charles V of France
732:Notre-Dame de Paris
362:Gothic architecture
320:[sɛ̃tʃapɛl]
245:Monument historique
167: /
5201:Louis IX of France
5057:Fountains in Paris
5042:Café des 2 Moulins
4996:Paris Fashion Week
4981:Fête de la Musique
4963:Culture and events
4891:Fort Mont-Valérien
4759:Oscar Wilde's tomb
4662:Auteuil Hippodrome
4601:Parc de Belleville
4591:Parc André-Citroën
4439:Rue de Montmorency
4379:Pont de Bir-Hakeim
4369:Pont Alexandre III
4359:Place Saint-Michel
4344:Place du Carrousel
4309:Place de la Nation
4232:Galerie Véro-Dodat
4212:Canal Saint-Martin
3995:Tour Saint-Jacques
3890:American Cathedral
3651:Porte Saint-Martin
3580:Institut de France
3441:Paris RER stations
3310:Place du Carrousel
3244:Galerie Véro-Dodat
2687:on 24 January 2023
2083:Reliquary bust of
2004:Blanche of Castile
1992:Kingdom of Castile
1748:Art and decoration
1339:Blanche of Castile
1210:19th-century spire
1173:emblems placed by
1051:spherical triangle
841:Émile Boeswillwald
366:Louis IX of France
124:1st arrondissement
106:Secularized since
5158:
5157:
5119:Pyramide inversée
4820:Château de Sceaux
4777:Région parisienne
4574:Bois de Vincennes
4554:Parks and gardens
4349:Place du Châtelet
4182:Avenue de l'Opéra
4171:Bridges, streets,
4155:Palais de la Cité
4150:Palais de Justice
4133:Luxembourg Palace
4098:Hôtel de Pontalba
4093:Hôtel de la Païva
4073:Hôtel de Beauvais
3755:Musée Cognacq-Jay
3661:Tour Montparnasse
3646:Porte Saint-Denis
3566:Gare Saint-Lazare
3561:Gare Montparnasse
3541:Gare d'Austerlitz
3456:
3455:
3322:Place du Châtelet
3259:Palais de Justice
3239:Comédie-Française
3068:978-2-7577-0246-8
2949:, pp. 40–41.
2937:, pp. 37–39.
2925:, pp. 62–63.
2877:, pp. 36–37.
2865:, pp. 34–35.
2850:, pp. 26–31.
2838:, pp. 26–27.
2571:, pp. 12–13.
2529:Daniel H. Weiss,
2478:978-1-4426-7104-1
2196:Saintes-Chapelles
2184:French Revolution
2177:Saintes-Chapelles
2130:Concordat of 1801
1250:Archangel Michael
1242:Saint Bartholomew
862:Villum Foundation
843:, with the young
724:French Revolution
711:Louis X of France
677:Palais de la Cité
464:Holy Roman Empire
460:Count of Flanders
404:French Revolution
335:Palais de la Cité
308:
307:
176:48.85528; 2.34500
108:French Revolution
16:(Redirected from
5248:
5006:Republican Guard
4908:France Miniature
4869:Disneyland Paris
4839:, including the
4790:Château d'Écouen
4692:Stade Jean Bouin
4677:Parc des Princes
4636:Tuileries Garden
4562:Bois de Boulogne
4519:Rue Saint-Honoré
4464:Rue des Lombards
4454:Rue de Vaugirard
4444:Rue de Richelieu
4419:Rue d'Argenteuil
4339:Place des Vosges
4247:Galerie Vivienne
4227:Covered passages
4207:Canal de l'Ourcq
4138:Petit Luxembourg
4108:Hôtel de Soubise
4083:Hôtel de Crillon
4078:Hôtel de Charost
4045:Temple du Marais
3740:Maison de Balzac
3638:Flame of Liberty
3516:Arènes de Lutèce
3490:Tourism in Paris
3483:
3476:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3369:Tuileries Garden
3177:
3170:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3127:Official website
3100:
3072:
3050:
3022:
3013:Robert Branner,
3011:
3005:
2996:I. Hacker-Sück:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2776:
2770:
2761:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2629:Viollet-le-Duc,
2627:
2621:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2535:The Art Bulletin
2527:
2521:
2520:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2425:
2419:
2413:the Ste Chapelle
2406:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2374:
2367:
2289:
2286:
2281:Karlštejn Castle
2248:. Now destroyed.
2228:
2225:
2211:
2208:
2158:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2015:
1983:
1971:
1950:
1923:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1731:
1715:
1699:
1683:
1667:
1618:
1606:
1597:west rose window
1590:
1578:
1566:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1458:
1438:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1267:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1081:Amiens Cathedral
1026:
1011:
999:
987:
818:
806:
794:
778:
766:
754:
700:
688:
672:
596:Dominican friars
536:Illustration in
533:
521:
505:
495:The Royal Chapel
328:
322:
317:
304:
301:
299:
297:
296:.sainte-chapelle
295:
282:
238:
236:
223:
221:
182:
181:
179:
178:
177:
172:
168:
165:
164:
163:
160:
44:
32:
31:
21:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5181:Crown of thorns
5161:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5128:
5067:Les Deux Magots
5037:Bateaux Mouches
5015:
4957:
4953:Vaux-le-Vicomte
4948:Stade de France
4874:Disneyland Park
4771:
4767:Picpus Cemetery
4726:
4682:Piscine Molitor
4645:
4631:Parc Montsouris
4548:
4529:Rue Sainte-Anne
4524:Rue Saint-Denis
4514:Rue des Rosiers
4509:Rue Pastourelle
4489:Rue Montorgueil
4414:Rue Charlemagne
4354:Place du Tertre
4192:Avenue George V
4174:
4172:
4166:
4088:Hôtel d'Estrées
4060:
4054:
4035:Sainte-Clotilde
4030:Sainte-Chapelle
3915:Grand Synagogue
3895:American Church
3871:
3780:Musée du Louvre
3745:Musée Bourdelle
3700:Centre Pompidou
3673:
3665:
3506:Arc de Triomphe
3492:
3487:
3457:
3452:
3436:
3380:
3227:
3223:Sainte-Chapelle
3186:
3181:
3150:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3079:
3077:Further reading
3069:
3047:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3012:
3008:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2968:
2962:de Finance 2012
2960:
2953:
2947:de Finance 2012
2945:
2941:
2935:de Finance 2012
2933:
2929:
2923:de Finance 2012
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2899:de Finance 2012
2897:
2893:
2887:de Finance 2012
2885:
2881:
2875:de Finance 2012
2873:
2869:
2863:de Finance 2012
2861:
2854:
2848:de Finance 2012
2846:
2842:
2836:de Finance 2012
2834:
2825:
2819:de Finance 2012
2817:
2813:
2802:
2798:
2792:de Finance 2012
2790:
2779:
2771:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2664:
2658:de Finance 2012
2656:
2652:
2628:
2624:
2608:
2604:
2598:de Finance 2012
2596:
2587:
2581:de Finance 2012
2579:
2575:
2569:de Finance 2012
2567:
2563:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2528:
2524:
2493:Cohen, Meredith
2490:
2486:
2479:
2465:
2461:
2455:de Finance 2012
2453:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2371:de Finance 2012
2368:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2312:
2287:
2246:André Beauneveu
2226:
2209:
2180:
2162:
2159:
2150:
2092:
2081:
2072:
2069:
2060:
2057:
2048:
2045:
2036:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2007:
1984:
1975:
1972:
1963:
1951:
1942:
1927:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1899:
1896:
1887:
1884:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1860:
1845:
1842:
1833:
1830:
1821:
1818:
1809:
1806:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1776:
1767:
1764:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1736:Book of Ezekiel
1732:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1684:
1675:
1668:
1648:
1622:
1619:
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1607:
1598:
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1582:
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1223:
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1211:
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1187:
1161:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1125:
1122:
1113:
1110:
1101:
1085:Noyon Cathedral
1030:
1027:
1018:
1012:
1003:
1000:
991:
988:
979:
959:
907:to the treasury
883:Crown of Thorns
874:
822:
819:
810:
807:
798:
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786:
779:
770:
767:
758:
755:
746:
720:
704:
701:
692:
689:
680:
673:
664:
628:Seventh Crusade
565:Image of Edessa
561:crown of thorns
543:
534:
525:
522:
513:
506:
497:
436:Palatine Chapel
428:
423:
394:Along with the
377:Crown of Thorns
315:
312:Sainte-Chapelle
292:
247:
234:
232:
219:
217:
175:
173:
169:
166:
161:
158:
156:
154:
153:
63:Catholic Church
47:
35:Sainte-Chapelle
28:
23:
22:
18:Sainte Chapelle
15:
12:
11:
5:
5254:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5196:Île de la Cité
5193:
5188:
5186:Double chapels
5183:
5178:
5173:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5150:Paris syndrome
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5109:Paris syndrome
5106:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5052:Folies Bergère
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5027:Axe historique
5023:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4991:Paris Air Show
4988:
4983:
4978:
4976:Dîner en Blanc
4973:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:La Roche-Guyon
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4849:
4844:
4841:Fresh pavilion
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4750:
4748:Passy Cemetery
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4697:Stade Pershing
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
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4571:
4570:
4569:
4558:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
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4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4429:Rue de la Paix
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Port du Louvre
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Place Dauphine
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4224:
4222:Champs-Élysées
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4173:areas, squares
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4145:Palais Bourbon
4142:
4141:
4140:
4130:
4128:Hôtel Matignon
4125:
4120:
4118:Hôtel de Ville
4115:
4113:Hôtel de Sully
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4040:Sainte-Trinité
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3970:Saint-Eustache
3967:
3962:
3960:Saint-Augustin
3957:
3955:Saint Ambroise
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
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3827:
3822:
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3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Opéra Bastille
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Louvre Pyramid
3594:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3402:Étienne Marcel
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Pont au Change
3341:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3249:Île de la Cité
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:Saint-Eustache
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3120:
3119:External links
3117:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3091:(1–2): 57–77.
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3006:
2989:
2966:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2852:
2840:
2823:
2811:
2796:
2777:
2762:
2750:Robert Suckale
2742:
2739:. 20 May 2015.
2724:
2698:
2662:
2650:
2639:Gothic Revival
2622:
2602:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2548:
2539:
2522:
2503:(4): 840–883.
2484:
2477:
2459:
2442:
2420:
2401:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2302:(c. 1350) and
2292:Hofburgkapelle
2277:
2276:
2270:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2235:
2234:: Founded 1451
2229:
2217:
2179:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2094:
2093:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2039:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2010:
2008:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:Musée de Cluny
1929:
1928:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1912:Hotel de Cluny
1909:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1720:Musée de Cluny
1717:
1710:
1708:
1704:Musée de Cluny
1701:
1694:
1692:
1688:Musée de Cluny
1685:
1678:
1676:
1672:Musée de Cluny
1669:
1662:
1652:Musee de Cluny
1647:
1644:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1543:Louis Grodecki
1531:
1530:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1070:Robert Branner
1032:
1031:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1001:
994:
992:
989:
982:
978:
975:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
911:
908:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
873:
870:
854:Musée de Cluny
829:Louis-Philippe
824:
823:
820:
813:
811:
808:
801:
799:
796:
789:
787:
780:
773:
771:
768:
761:
759:
756:
749:
745:
742:
719:
716:
706:
705:
702:
695:
693:
690:
683:
681:
674:
667:
663:
660:
639:Jean de Jandun
581:Constantinople
545:
544:
535:
528:
526:
523:
516:
514:
507:
500:
496:
493:
473:Constantinople
427:
424:
422:
419:
339:Île de la Cité
306:
305:
289:
288:
284:
283:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
249:
248:
243:
240:
239:
229:
225:
224:
214:
213:Groundbreaking
210:
209:
203:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
184:
183:
151:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
60:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5253:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5226:Stained glass
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5032:Bateau-Lavoir
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4837:Petit Trianon
4834:
4833:Grand Trianon
4830:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:Parc de Bercy
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4504:Rue Mondétour
4502:
4500:
4499:Rue Rambuteau
4497:
4495:
4494:Rue Radziwill
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:Rue de Rivoli
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:Rue Bonaparte
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4384:Pont des Arts
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Place Vendôme
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Latin Quarter
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Champ de Mars
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:and waterways
4169:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:Hôtel Lambert
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Hôtel de Sens
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Élysée Palace
4066:
4065:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:Saint-Sulpice
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Musée Picasso
3838:
3836:
3835:Musée Pasteur
3833:
3831:
3830:Musée d'Orsay
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:Opéra Garnier
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Luxor Obelisk
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Les Invalides
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Gare de l'Est
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Louvre–Rivoli
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Pont des Arts
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:Place Vendôme
3337:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Place Colette
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Medici column
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:Louvre Palace
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3046:2-73-242117-0
3042:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2977:
2970:
2964:, p. 15.
2963:
2958:
2956:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2907:
2901:, p. 49.
2900:
2895:
2889:, p. 44.
2888:
2883:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2821:, p. 34.
2820:
2815:
2808:, p. 8ff
2807:
2800:
2794:, p. 22.
2793:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2667:
2660:, p. 16.
2659:
2654:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2600:, p. 14.
2599:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2583:, p. 13.
2582:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2430:
2429:"Paris facts"
2424:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2283:near Prague (
2282:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:Jean de Berry
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2142:Louvre Museum
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2025:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
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1596:
1593:The chapel's
1589:
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1536:
1535:stained-glass
1524:
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1471:
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1467:Stained glass
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1037:
1036:Grands Degres
1029:South facade
1025:
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737:grande châsse
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577:Latin emperor
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462:and with the
461:
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341:in the River
340:
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267:Reference no.
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87:Île-de-France
85:
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64:
61:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5145:Art in Paris
5104:Paris Musées
5082:Moulin Rouge
5047:Café Procope
5001:Paris-Plages
4986:Nuit Blanche
4923:Parc Astérix
4857:Grande Arche
4757:
4650:Sport venues
4626:Parc Monceau
4479:Rue Foyatier
4284:Montparnasse
4162:Palais-Royal
4050:Val-de-Grâce
4029:
3925:La Madeleine
3910:Grand Mosque
3765:Musée Guimet
3760:Musée Grévin
3636:
3586:Jeanne d'Arc
3584:
3575:Petit Palais
3571:Grand Palais
3556:Gare du Nord
3551:Gare de Lyon
3536:Eiffel Tower
3531:Conciergerie
3300:Palais-Royal
3254:Conciergerie
3222:
3149:
3111:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3058:
3036:
3029:Bibliography
3018:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2982:15 September
2980:. Retrieved
2969:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2843:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2773:Branner 1966
2757:
2753:
2745:
2737:The Guardian
2736:
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2710:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2682:the original
2653:
2645:
2642:
2634:
2631:Dictionnaire
2630:
2625:
2617:
2614:
2605:
2576:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2468:
2462:
2457:, p. 6.
2435:19 September
2433:. Retrieved
2423:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2389:
2373:, p. 49
2365:
2278:
2195:
2190:itself, the
2187:
2181:
2176:
2165:
2126:
2118:
2095:
2022:
1988:fleur-de-lis
1930:
1848:
1794:
1658:in London.
1649:
1640:silver stain
1625:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1418:
1414:
1361:Upper Chapel
1355:Annunciation
1351:
1347:
1343:
1335:Fleur-de-Lys
1331:
1289:Lower Chapel
1283:
1274:
1238:Saint Thomas
1226:
1179:
1171:fleur-de-lys
1164:
1093:
1091:goldsmiths.
1078:
1055:
1035:
1033:
960:
858:
850:
825:
735:
721:
707:
656:
652:
648:
644:
636:
608:
604:Grand-Chasse
603:
599:
589:
571:relics from
549:Conciergerie
546:
537:
469:Hagia Sophia
456:
452:
429:
415:Conciergerie
412:
396:Conciergerie
393:
351:
325:
311:
309:
275:Denomination
252:
195:Royal chapel
187:Architecture
130:Municipality
29:
5087:Paris Métro
4886:Exploradôme
4657:Accor Arena
4579:Parc floral
4484:Rue Molière
4474:Rue Elzévir
4399:Rive Gauche
4374:Pont d'Iéna
4289:Place Diana
4187:Avenue Foch
4061:and palaces
3850:Musée Rodin
3685:Army Museum
3632:Place Diana
3141:(in French)
2978:(in French)
2398:(in French)
2288: 1360
2227: 1400
2210: 1310
2114:Holy Friday
1734:Scene from
1628:rose window
1445:'s father,
1278:quatrefoils
1246:The Passion
1047:bar tracery
957:Description
903:offers the
833:Félix Duban
783:Félix Duban
489:Innocent IV
477:Charlemagne
440:Charlemagne
432:Carolingian
381:Christendom
354:consecrated
326:Holy Chapel
323:; English:
174: /
58:Affiliation
5241:Holy Lance
5165:Categories
4852:La Défense
4731:Cemeteries
4279:Montmartre
4015:Saint-Roch
3950:Sacré-Cœur
3695:Carnavalet
3407:Les Halles
3359:Pont Royal
3266:Les Halles
3218:Saint-Roch
3037:Le Vitrail
2352:References
2232:Châteaudun
2222:: Founded
2205:: Founded
2110:true cross
2032:See also:
2000:Louis VIII
1636:Apocalypse
1632:flamboyant
1595:flamboyant
1421:archivolts
1167:flamboyant
1099:West front
1040:crocketted
856:in Paris.
835:, then by
623:Holy Lance
619:True Cross
573:Baldwin II
485:True Cross
387:until the
360:period of
349:, France.
270:PA00086001
259:Designated
159:48°51′19″N
97:Roman Rite
5092:entrances
4539:Trocadéro
4404:Rue Basse
4389:Pont Neuf
4274:Le Marais
4242:Panoramas
3526:Catacombs
3498:Landmarks
3432:Tuileries
3427:Pyramides
3422:Pont Neuf
3354:Pont Neuf
3232:Landmarks
3097:1522-7464
2717:14 August
2691:14 August
2517:162738720
2381:Citations
2268:Charles V
2264:Vincennes
2102:Crusaders
1753:Sculpture
1230:Charles V
967:Rayonnant
915:Louis XII
866:St. Louis
542:(c. 1500)
389:2019 fire
358:Rayonnant
228:Completed
206:Rayonnant
162:2°20′42″E
5062:La Ruche
5011:Solidays
4257:Jouffroy
4237:Choiseul
3656:Sorbonne
3622:Panthéon
3397:Concorde
3392:Châtelet
3107:. Paris.
2497:Speculum
2310:See also
2306:(1860).
2220:Chambéry
2188:chapelle
2085:Louis IX
1940:Painting
1443:Louis IX
1257:Interior
1015:Louis IX
977:Exterior
965:called "
879:Louis IX
872:Timeline
621:and the
553:Louis IX
510:Louis IX
400:Capetian
119:Location
114:Location
70:Province
52:Religion
5133:Related
5072:Maxim's
4933:Provins
4825:Château
3671:Museums
2290:), the
2274:Dauphin
2238:Bourges
2098:Passion
1960:Castile
899:1379 -
877:1239 -
679:in 1615
594:by two
569:Passion
444:oratory
421:History
370:Passion
316:French:
287:Website
233: (
218: (
140:Country
3521:Bourse
3276:Louvre
3095:
3065:
3043:
2713:. 2016
2515:
2475:
2296:Vienna
2175:Other
2121:chasse
2106:livres
1074:Amiens
1043:gables
971:palace
592:Venice
585:livres
575:, the
563:, the
557:Christ
512:(1246)
481:Aachen
373:relics
331:Gothic
280:Église
208:Gothic
143:France
103:Status
82:Region
5020:Other
4262:Brady
4252:Havre
3607:Odéon
3019:Gesta
3017:, in
3000:, in
2685:(PDF)
2678:(PDF)
2643:Gesta
2557:Gesta
2533:, in
2513:S2CID
2357:Notes
2148:Organ
1996:Capet
1956:Capet
1185:Spire
1089:Mosan
347:Paris
343:Seine
201:Style
134:Paris
4835:and
4827:and
3676:list
3573:and
3093:ISSN
3063:ISBN
3051:boom
3041:ISBN
2984:2020
2719:2017
2693:2017
2635:s.v.
2609:The
2473:ISBN
2437:2018
2252:Riom
1626:The
1240:and
839:and
310:The
262:1862
235:1248
231:1248
220:1242
216:1242
192:Type
93:Rite
2756:in
2505:doi
2294:in
2006:).
1742:)
1449:)
579:at
471:in
438:of
345:in
300:/en
298:.fr
294:www
5167::
3089:44
3087:.
2954:^
2855:^
2826:^
2780:^
2765:^
2752:,
2735:.
2709:.
2665:^
2646:37
2633:,
2618:62
2588:^
2511:.
2501:83
2499:.
2445:^
2411:,
2285:c.
2224:c.
2207:c.
2144:.
1936:.
1914:)
1674:)
1076:.
868:.
4843:)
4831:(
3678:)
3674:(
3482:e
3475:t
3468:v
3176:e
3169:t
3162:v
3099:.
3071:.
3049:.
2986:.
2775:.
2721:.
2695:.
2519:.
2507::
2481:.
2439:.
2091:)
2087:(
1722:)
1706:)
1690:)
314:(
302:/
237:)
222:)
20:)
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