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interior decoration. In the soubassements, the lower portions where no traces of original color were found, they used a neutral tone, to avoid conflicting with the colors of the stained glass windows. For their palette of colors on other decoration, they drew upon the illuminations of a 13th-century book of Psalm from the Royal
Library. They systematically repainted the forty-four 13th-century quadrilobe medallions on the stone arches of the soubassements, which depicted the martyrdom of saints presented against a gilded background. In 1845 Steinheil continued by repainting all of the medallions of the nave, with the exception of those in the two royal alcoves, following the original compositions. In 1983 the Service of Historic Monuments cleaned four of the medallions which had not been restored, and un-restored two which had been repainted, to study the original traces of paint from before 1845.
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2183:. However, the term was also applied to a number of other buildings. Louis IX's chapel inspired several "copies", in the sense of royal or ducal chapels of broadly similar architectural form, built to house relics, particularly fragments of Louis' Passion Relics given by the King. Such chapels were normally attached to a ducal palace (e.g. Bourges, Riom), or else to an Abbey with particular links to the royal family (e.g. St-Germer-de-Fly). As with the original, such Holy Chapels were nearly always additional to the regular palatine or abbatial chapel, with their own dedicated clergy—usually established as a college of canons. For the patrons, such chapels served not only as public expressions of personal piety but also as valuable diplomatic tools, encouraging important visitors to come and venerate their relics and showing their connection to the French crown. Notable
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entirely made of stained glass; a total of 670 square meters (7,200 sq ft) of glass, not counting the rose window at the west end. This was a clever illusion created by the master builder; each vertical support of the windows is composed of seven slender columns, which disguise their full thickness. In addition, the walls and windows are braced on the exterior by two belts of iron chain, one at the mid-level of the bays and the other at the top of the lancets; these are hidden behind the bars holding the stained glass. Additional metal supports are hidden under the eaves of the roof to brace the windows against the wind or other stress. Furthermore, the windows of the nave are slightly higher than the windows in the apse (15.5 meters, 51 ft compared with 13.7 meters, 45 ft), making the chapel appear longer than it actually is.
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are dominated by Old
Testament exemplars of ideal kingship/queenship in an obvious nod to their royal patrons. The cycle starts at the western bay of the north wall with scenes from the Book of Genesis (heavily restored). The next ten windows of the nave follow clockwise with scenes from Exodus, Joseph, Numbers/Leviticus, Joshua/Deuteronomy, Judges, (moving to the south wall) Jeremiah/Tobias, Judith/Job, Esther, David and the Book of Kings. The final window, occupying the westernmost bay of the south wall brings this narrative of sacral kingship right up to date with a series of scenes showing the rediscovery of Christ's relics, the miracles they performed, and their relocation to Paris in the hands of King Louis himself.
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upper chapel, with a figure of Christ giving a blessing, with the Virgin Mary and John the
Baptist alongside him. Two angels are behind him, holding the crown of thorns and the cross, the most famous relics of the chapel. On the lintel below, the sculpture depicts Saint Michael weighing the souls of the dead, with those sent to heaven on the left and those damned on the right. Sculpted Biblical scenes from the Old Testament fill the panels on lower walls, including the Creation and Noah's ark. They were made by Geoffroy-Dechaume in 1869–70.
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as Master of the
Ezekiel window, made the Ezekiel and Daniel windows, as well as the window of the Kings. That work is characterized by elongated forms, and more elaborate and angular draperies. The third artist or workshop is called the Master of Judith and Esther, for the distinct style of those windows, as well as the window of Job. They are distinguished by more subtle details in the faces, and a resemblance to the figures in illuminated manuscripts.
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1225:. He replaced it with another in about 1460, but this spire burned in 1630. It was replaced by another, which was destroyed following the French Revolution in 1793. The present spire was built of cedar wood by the architect Lassus beginning in 1852. The sculpture decorating the spire was designed in 1853 by Geoffroy-Dechaume. The painter-designer Steinheil designed the sculpture at the base of the spire, and his face appears as two of the apostles,
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2097:, which went primarily to Venetian bankers, to whom he had mortgaged the crown to pay for the defence of the city. By purchasing the crown, Louis gained the prestige of funding the conquest of Constantinople, as well as displaying his personal devotion. The crown arrived in August 1239 and was placed in the earlier royal chapel of St. Nicholas, near the palace. Two years later, he made an additional purchase from Baudouin of a piece of the
715:. The chapel was turned into a storehouse for grain, and the sculpture and royal emblems on the exterior were smashed. The spire was pulled down. Some of the stained glass was broken or dispersed, but nearly two-thirds of the glass today is original; some of the original glass was relocated in other windows, The sacred relics were dispersed although some survive as the "
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ruddy windows on all sides, the most beautiful cloths of the altars, the wondrous merits of the sanctuary, the figures of the reliquaries externally adorned with dazzling gems, bestow such a hyperbolic beauty on that house of prayer, that, in going into it below, one understandably believes oneself, as if rapt to heaven, to enter one of the best chambers of
Paradise.
1166:. On either side of the porch are towers which contain the narrow winding stairways to the upper chapel, and which also hide the buttresses. The spires of the towers are also decorated with royal fleur-des-lys beneath a sculpted crown of thorns. This decoration dates to the 15th century, and was restored in about 1850 by Geoffroy-Dechaume.
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Most of the sculpture of the portals was destroyed during the French
Revolution, but between 1855 and 1870 the sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume was able to recreate it, using 18th century descriptions and engravings. One of the major works he recreated was the tympanum over the portal of the
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The lower chapel is only 6.6 meters (22 ft) high, with a six-meter wide central vessel and two narrow side aisles. The supports of the ceiling vaults are unusual; the outward thrust of the vaults is counterbalanced by small, elegant arched buttresses between the outer and inner columns, and they
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The lower chapel was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and was used by the non-royal inhabitants of the neighbouring Royal Palace. The portal of the chapel represents the Virgin Mary as a column statue. The portal, and almost all the decoration of the chapel, was created by
Geoffroy-Duchaume between 1854
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Between 1803 and 1837, the upper chapel was turned into a depository for the archives of the Palace of
Justice next door. The lower two meters (6 ft 7 in) of stained glass was removed to facilitate working light. Some of the glass was used to replace broken glass in other windows, and other
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The goal of the two principal architects of the 19th century restoration, Durban and Lassus, was to recreate the interior, as much as possible, as it appeared in the 13th century. They collected traces of the original polychrome paint from the columns, and in 1842 presented a comprehensive plan for
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identified what appear to be three different ateliers with different styles. The windows in the apse and most of the windows on the north wall of the nave are made by one workshop. These works are known for supple forms and costumes, with simplified features. The second workshop, named by
Grodecki
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The upper chapel is reached by narrow stairways in the towers from lower level. The structure is simple; a rectangle 33 by 10.7 meters (108 by 35 ft), with four traverses and an apse at the east end with seven bays of windows. The most striking features are the walls, which appear to be almost
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The original stained glass of the lower chapel was destroyed by a flood in 1690; it was replaced by colourless glass. The present glass depicts scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary, surrounded by grisaille glass, while the apse has more elaborate and colourful scenes from the Virgin's life. All
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The stained glass was removed and placed into safe storage during World War II. In 1945 a layer of external varnish had been applied to protect the glass from the dust and scratches of wartime bombing. This had gradually darkened, making the already fading images even harder to see. In 2008, a more
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The chapel underwent considerable modification in the centuries that followed. A new two-story building, the
Treasury of Chartres, was attached to the chapel on the north side shortly after it was completed. It remained until 1783, when it was demolished to build the new Palace of Justice. Another
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that most beautiful of chapels, the chapel of the king, most decently situated within the walls of the king's house, enjoys a complete and indissoluble structure of the most solid stone. The most excellent colors of the pictures, the precious gilding of the images, the beautiful transparence of the
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made to hold and display the sacred objects. This was a case, open on the front, 2.7 meters (8 ft 10 in) long, made of silver and gilded copper. Each of the individual objects had its own case of precious metal with jewels. This was originally placed above the altar, but between 1264 and
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Despite some damage the windows display a clear iconographical programme. The three windows of the eastern apse illustrate the New Testament, featuring scenes of The Passion (centre) with the Infancy of Christ (left) and the Life of John the Evangelist (right). By contrast, the windows of the nave
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built a monumental enclosed stairway from the courtyard on the south side to the upper level. This was damaged by fire in 1630, rebuilt, but finally demolished. Fires in the palace in 1630 and 1776 also caused considerable damage, especially to the furniture, and a flood in the winter of 1689–1690
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The two levels of the new chapel, equal in size, had entirely different purposes. The upper level, where the sacred relics were kept, was reserved exclusively for the royal family and their guests. The lower level was used by the courtiers, servants, and soldiers of the palace. It was a very large
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During the French Revolution, the Chasse and the vessels holding the relics were taken apart and melted down for their jewels and precious metals. The fragment of the cross was transferred first in 1793 to a collection of antiquities, then given to the Bishop of Paris. A new reliquary of gold and
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windows in the nave and apse of the upper chapel, which date from the mid-13th century, as well as the later rose window (put in place in the 15th century). The stone wall surface is reduced to little more than a delicate framework. The thousands of small pieces of glass turn the walls into great
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The upper chapel walls also displayed a group of sixteen statues of the Apostles, which date to about 1240. Some portray the apostles in simple classical costumes and bare feet, while others are polychrome and have much more elaborate clerical costumes. Some of these statues are now found in the
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While most of the sculpture on the exterior dates to the 19th century, the apse of the upper chapel contains a number of original 12th century statues, which, unlike the exterior statues, were polychrome. Traces of color were found during the restoration in the 19th century, and the statues were
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The one-hundred forty capitals of the columns are an important decorative feature; they are from the mid-13th century, and predate the columns of the upper chapel. They have floral decoration of acanthus leaves typical of the period. Each of the gilded leaves corresponds with a slender colonette
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Saint Chapelle, built to house a reliquary, was itself like a precious reliquary turned inside out (with the richest decoration on the inside). Although the interior is dominated by the stained glass (see below), every inch of the remaining wall surface and the vault was also richly coloured and
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The restoration of the stained glass was a parallel project, which lasted from 1846 until 1855, with the goal of returning the chapel to its original appearance. It was carried out by the glass craftsmen Antoine Lusson and Maréchal de Metz and the designer Louis Steinheil. About one third of the
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comprehensive seven-year programme of restoration began, costing some €10 million to clean and preserve all the stained glass, clean the facade stonework and conserve and repair some of the sculptures. Half of the funding was provided by private donors, the other half coming from the
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in uneasy disarray, Louis' artistic and architectural patronage helped to position him as the central monarch of western Christendom, the Sainte-Chapelle fitting into a long tradition of prestigious palace chapels. Just as the Emperor could pass privately from his palace into the
1631:, which allowed them to paint on the glass with enamel paints, and to use fire to fuse the paint onto the glass. This allowed them to modify the color, and create shading and other fine details. It was thoroughly cleaned in 2014–15, giving it greater brightness and clarity.
853:. Included in the restoration was an innovative thermoformed glass layer applied outside the stained-glass windows for added protection. The restoration of the flamboyant rose window on the west facade was completed in 2015 in time for the 800th anniversary of the birth of
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The most striking aspect and original feature of the plan is the nearly total absence of masonry walls in the upper chapel. The walls are replaced by pillars and buttresses, and the space between is almost entirely glass, filling the upper chapel with light.
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the windows were designed by Steinheil during the 19th century restoration. The lower chapel originally had a doorway to the sacristy on the left lateral traverse. Since it could not have a window, it was decorated in the 13th century with a mural of the
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Though the buttresses are substantial, they are too close to the vault to counter its side thrust. Metal elements such as iron rods or chains, able to support tension, were used to replace the flying buttresses of previous structures.
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caused major damage to the painted walls of the lower chapel. The original stained glass on the ground floor was removed, and the floor raised. The original ground floor glass was replaced by Gothic-style windows in the 19th century.
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as an assistant. The work continued for twenty-eight years, and served as a training ground for a generation of archeologists and restorers. It was faithful to the original drawings and descriptions of the chapel that survived.
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In addition to serving as a place of worship, the Sainte-Chapelle played an important role in the political and cultural ambitions of King Louis and his successors. With the imperial throne at Constantinople occupied by a mere
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1027:) to their right and the north flank and eastern apse of the Sainte-Chapelle to their left. The chapel exterior shows many of the typical characteristics of Rayonnant architecture—deep buttresses surmounted by pinnacles,
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decorated. Analysis of remaining paint fragments reveals that the original colours were much brighter than those favoured by the 19th-century restorers and would have been closer to the colours of the stained glass. The
587:. Upon arrival, King Louis hosted a week-long celebratory reception for the relics. For the final stage of their journey they were carried by Louis IX himself, barefoot and dressed as a penitent, a scene depicted in the
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Lower chapel, column capital on reverse of west front. Castles and fleur-de-lis symbols seen here on the columns, are found throughout the chapel, relating to the two royal families from which Louis IX descended (the
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The lower chapel, with the Fleur-de-Lys of Louis IX (symbol from his French Capet royal family heritage) and the castle, (symbol of the Spanish royal family of his mother, Blanche of Castile), decorating the columns
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O how salutary prayers to the all-powerful God pour out in these oratories, when the internal and spiritual purities of those praying correspond proportionally with the external and physical elegance of the oratory!
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were added to Louis's collection, along with other relics. The chapel was consecrated on 26 April 1248 and Louis's relics were moved to their new home with great ceremony. Shortly afterward, the King departed on the
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due to the French Revolution. The organ was built by François-Henri Clicquot, in a case designed by Pierre-Noël Rousset in 1752. However, its Neoclassical style seems to some writers to be too modern for that date.
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The portal of the upper chapel is located on the balcony of the upper level. The original sculpture of the west portal was smashed during the Revolution. It was restored by Geoffroy-Dechaume between 1854 and 1873.
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1267, it was placed atop a high tribune in the apse of the church, where everyone could see it. In 1306, a new sacred relic was added: a portion of the skull of Louis himself, since he had been declared a saint.
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above, which rises upward to support the vaults. The columns are painted with alternating floral designs and the castle emblem of Castile. The red, gold and blue painting dates to the 19th century restoration.
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or arches richly decorated above with painting and sculpture of angels. These were the places where the King and Queen worshipped during religious services; the King on the north side, the Queen on the south.
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restored to include those colors. The arches of the tribune in the apse at the east end, where the case of sacred relics was placed, is ornamented with the original polychrome angels from the 13th century.
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slaying a dragon. Around the feet of the archangel are sculptures, also designed by Geoffroy-Dechaume, of eight persons, portrayed by workers of the reconstruction, laying wreaths at the Archangel's feet.
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The current spire, thirty-three meters (108 ft) high, is the fifth to be built at Sainte-Chapelle since the 13th century. The appearance of the first is unknown, but the second, built in 1383 under
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O how peacefully to the most holy God the praises are sung in these tabernacles, when the hearts of those singers are by the pleasing pictures of the tabernacle analogically beautified with the virtues!
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of the dado arcade were painted with scenes of saints and martyrs and inset with painted and gilded glass, emulating Limoges enamels, while rich textiles hangings added to the richness of the interior.
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glass, added in later years, was removed and replaced with medieval glass from other sources, or with new glass made in the original Gothic style. Eighteen of the original panels are found today in the
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No designer-builder is named in the archives concerned with the construction. In the 19th century it was assumed (as with so many buildings of medieval Paris) to be the work of the master mason
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Gothic rose window installed in the upper chapel in the 15th century. At the top is a pointed arch an oculus window, and a balustrade around the bottom of the roof, decorated with interlaced
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Statue of Louis IX (Note the fleur-de-lis and castle symbols on the columns, symbolic of his royal ancestry through his parents, Louis VIII Capet of France, and Blanche of Castile.)
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panes were put on the market. Beginning in 1835, scholars, archeologists and writers demanded that the church be preserved and restored to its medieval state. In 1840, under King
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O how acceptable to the most glorious God appear the offerings on these altars, when the life of those sacrificing shines in correspondence with the gilded light of the altars!
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shape. Despite its decoration, the exterior is relatively simple and austere, devoid of flying buttresses or major sculpture and giving little hint of the richness within.
958:", marked by its sense of weightlessness and strong vertical emphasis. It stands squarely upon a lower chapel, which served as parish church for all the inhabitants of the
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472:(built 782–805)—a parallel that Louis was keen to exploit in presenting himself as a worthy successor to the first Holy Roman Emperor. The presence of the fragment of the
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in the foreground. Throughout the chapel, symbols of fleur-de-lis and castles are found repeatedly, in a nod to Louis IX's royal heritage (the fleur-de-lis of the French
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1038:. The internal division into upper and lower chapels is clearly marked on the outside by a string-course, the lower walls pierced by smaller windows with a distinctive
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An organ is attested from the beginning; it was replaced in 1493, 1550 and 1762. it was not until July 1791 when the organ was transferred from the Sainte-Chapelle to
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structure, 36 meters (118 ft) long, 17 meters (56 ft) wide, and 42.5 meters (139 ft) high, ranking in size with the new Gothic cathedrals in France.
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Gothic style, named for the flamelike curling designs. It is nine meters in diameter, and is composed of eighty-nine separate panels representing scenes of the
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Some of the early stained glass that was removed from Saint-Chapelle is now found in the other museums, including the National Museum of the Middle Ages, or
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building, which served as a vestiary and sacristy, as well as residence for the guardian of the treasury, was placed on the north side. In the 15th century,
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As the status of Saint Louis grew among Europe's aristocracy, the influence of his famous chapel also extended beyond France, with important copies at
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464:, so now Louis could pass directly from his palace into the Sainte-Chapelle. More importantly, the two-story palace chapel had obvious similarities to
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conserves three panels from the "Judith" window, identified by M. Caviness, "Three medallions of stained glass from the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris",
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2249:: A very similar structure, also called the Sainte-Chapelle, was erected twelve years after the Paris chapel as an addition to the abbey church.
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The entire chapel, by contrast, cost 40,000 livres to build and glaze. Until it was completed in 1248, the relics were housed at chapels at the
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Brenk, Beat (1995). "The Sainte Chapelle as a Capetian Political Program". In Raguin, Virginia Chieffo; Brush, Kathryn; Draper, Peter (eds.).
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Smith, Elizabeth Bradford. (2015). ‘All my stained glass which I brought from Europe’: William Poyntell and the Sainte-Chapelle medallions."
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The contemporary visitor entering the courtyard of the Royal Palace would have been met by the sight of a grand ceremonial staircase (the
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Sainte-Chapelle, in the courtyard of the royal palace on the Île de la Cité (now part of a later administrative complex known as La
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at the west of the upper chapel was made in the late 15th century, later than the other windows. It is a very fine example of the
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Most of the windows were put into place between 1242 and 1248. The names of the glass artists are unknown, but the art historian
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The principal relics for which the chapel was built were the crown of thorns, believed to have been worn by Christ during his
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Interior of the west facade; Christ with Angels, Sts. Isaiah and Jeremiah in the quadrilobes (painting by Steinheil, 1856)
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The sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume with his archangel of the Passion and the head of another sculpture (1847)
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praised the building as one of Paris' most beautiful structures in his "Tractatus de laudibus Parisius" (1323), citing:
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Louis IX receives the crown of thorns and other sacred relics for the Sainte-Chapelle (14th century illustration)
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screens of coloured light, largely deep blues and reds, which gradually change in intensity from hour to hour.
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439:. This earlier chapel had only one level; its plan, on a much grander scale, was adapted for Sainte-Chapelle.
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Erik Inglis, "Gothic Architecture and a Scholastic: Jean de Jandun's Tractatus de laudibus Parisius (1323),"
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and other relics related to the Passion, which were brought to Paris in September 1241. Thereafter, on each
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The most famous features of the chapel, among the finest of their type in the world, are the fifteen great
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window on the south side of the chapel. The relics were stored in a large and elaborate silver chest, the
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The chapel is now operated as a museum by the French Centre of National Monuments, along with the nearby
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1793 - Revolutionaries smash portals and royal emblems. Chapel turned to civil use, and spire destroyed.
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Sainte-Chapelle, as both a symbol of religion and royalty, was a prime target for vandalism during the
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in 1204, and was then ruled by Baudouin II of Cortenay. Baudouin agreed to sell the crown for 135,000
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The south side. The upper walls are strengthened by buttresses and iron bars, allowing larger windows
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Quadrilobe painting of martyrdom of an Apostle, upper chapel (19th c. restitution of 13th c. decor)
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Detail of the portal of the upper chapel; Christ and the Last Judgement by Geoffroy-Dechaume
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at his palace in Aix-la-Chapelle (now Aachen). It was built in about 800 and served as the
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The Sainte-Chapelle's most obvious architectural precursors include the apsidal chapels of
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Louis IX places the crown of thorns at Sainte-Chapelle (illuminated manuscript from 1480s)
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on 26 April 1248. The Sainte-Chapelle is considered among the highest achievements of the
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There are two small alcoves set into the walls on the third traverse of the chapel, with
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619:, in which he was captured and later ransomed and released. In 1704, the French composer
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2965:"Notre-Dame : la couronne d'épines à nouveau présentée à la vénération des fidèles"
2269:
1991:, and the castle of the royal Spanish Castile family, the royal heritage of his mother,
480:
proclaimed that it meant that Christ had symbolically crowned Louis with his own crown.
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2175:, the term "Sainte-Chapelle royale" also referred not only to the building but to the
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2484:(2008). "An Indulgence for the Visitor: The Public at the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris".
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and 1858. The primary decorative themes of the sculpture, columns and murals are the
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of the Emperor. In 1238 Louis IX had already built one royal chapel, attached to the
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Cavicchi, Camilla (2019). "Origin and Dissemination of Images of the Saint Chapel".
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Vaults of the apse (Note the fleur-de-lis symbol, inherited from the Capet line of
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2637:.2, Essays on Stained Glass in Memory of Jane Hayward (1918–1994) (1998:192-200).
2109:
1724:
1346:. This was rediscovered during the 19th century work, and restored by Steinheil.
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are also reinforced by a metallic structure hidden under the paint and plaster.
1303:
Ceiling of the lower chapel. Small gilded flying buttresses reinforce the arches
1077:
1072:, which it resembles in its general form, and the Bishop's Chapel (c. 1180s) of
395:
and restored in the 19th century, it has one of the most extensive 13th-century
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1984:
1944:
1900:
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1233:. Above the gables are statues representing angels carrying the instruments of
1058:
917:
1690 - Flood damages lower chapel - original lower chapel stained glass removed
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627:
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was buried in the chapel's small cemetery, but this cemetery no longer exists.
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2722:"Laser surgery restores Sainte-Chapelle stained glass window to Gothic glory"
2230:
1523:
692:
Louis XV departs a ceremony at the Palace, with Sainte-Chapelle behind (1715)
396:
159:
146:
4840:
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Vivier-en-Brie: Founded 1358 by the future Charles V while he was still the
2220:
576:. This money was paid to the Venetians to whom the relics had been pawned.
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2060:
Crown of Thorns in gilded crystal case (Notre-Dame de Paris, now in Louvre)
1976:
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Detail of a stained-glass window depicting a baptism (late 12th century) (
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Prior to the dissolution of the Sainte-Chapelle in 1803, following the
2098:
1624:
1620:
1583:
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611:
607:
473:
85:
326:, the residence of the Kings of France until the 14th century, on the
4392:
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3342:
3115:
3050:(in French). Éditions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux.
2252:
2090:
1779:
Relief sculpture of Noah's ark and the flood (portal of upper chapel)
1634:
1517:
Genesis - God creates plants and trees (south wall, bay 9 - restored)
955:
923:
1803-1837 - Chapel becomes storeroom for files of Ministry of Justice
903:
346:
282:
194:
2987:
La Sainte-Chapelle et les chapelles palatines du moyen âge en France
1505:
Saint Louis transports relics of the true cross (south wall, bay 14)
1387:
The upper chapel to the west, with the later flamboyant rose window
387:, Sainte-Chapelle is one of the earliest surviving buildings of the
4999:
3447:
3004:
The Sainte-Chapelle and the Capella regis in the Thirteenth Century
2669:(Report). The Villum Foundation Annual Review, 2009. Archived from
2073:
1003:
867:
498:
1809:
Carved angels holding crown of thorns in the apse (13th century)
820:, a long campaign of restoration began. It was first conducted by
4921:
2535:
Watkin, David, "A History of Western Architecture" (1986), p. 136
2226:
1154:
The west front is composed of a porch two levels high, beneath a
1028:
2289:
Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew, Wrocław
1833:
Sculpture above the alcove of the Queen, upper chapel (13th c.)
1061:
saw in the design the hand of an unidentified master mason from
391:
royal palace on the Île de la Cité. Although damaged during the
3768:
3264:
2520:
Architectural Symbolism and the Decoration of the Ste.-Chapelle
2284:
2255:: Founded 1379 at one of the favourite Valois royal palaces by
2130:
1947:
fleur-de-lis through his father, Louis VIII of France, and the
1821:
Sculpture above the alcove of the King, upper chapel (13th c.)
1062:
959:
580:
545:
469:
2847:
2845:
2820:
2818:
2816:
1627:. The 15th-century glass artists used a new technique, called
1326:
emblem of Louis IX and a stylised castle, the coat of arms of
680:
View after the fire of 1630, which destroyed the spire of 1460
1469:
Scenes from Passion of Christ (apse) (click 2X for full-size)
1031:
476:
and crown of thorns gave enormous prestige to Louis IX. Pope
361:
335:
331:
122:
1921:
collection of the National Museum of the Middle Ages in the
1899:
St. John, undecorated (now in the Museum of the Middle Ages
1767:
The creation of Eve from Adam's rib (portal of upper chapel)
935:
1846-55 - Restoration and additions to stained glass windows
2946:
2944:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2900:
Les Vitraux de Notre-Dame et de la Sainte-Chapelle de Paris
2857:
2842:
2830:
2813:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2551:
2240:
5210:
Roman Catholic churches in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
2526:, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Jun. 1995), pp. 308-320, esp. p.317 n.45
1259:
Plan of the lower chapel (front) and upper chapel (right)
341:
Construction began sometime after 1238 and the chapel was
3074:
Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography
2439:
2437:
2435:
706:
579:
The relics arrived in Paris in August 1239, carried from
2941:
2881:
2869:
2801:
2767:
2640:
2575:
2563:
1707:
Daniel and Dream of Nebuchadnezzar (late 12th century) (
2664:
The stained-glass windows of the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris
2121:, it was displayed in the treasury of the cathedral of
902:
End of 15th c. - Monumental exterior stairway built by
5160:
13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France
2757:
2755:
2432:
406:, the other remaining vestige of the original palace.
2117:
crystal was made for the crown of thorns. Since the
1034:
around the roof-line and vast windows subdivided by
950:
The royal chapel is a prime example of the phase of
941:
1862- Chapel is classified as an historical monument
932:
1840-48 - Major restoration of chapel and decoration
650:
2795:
St Louis and the Court Style in Gothic Architecture
2752:
556:, and some thirty other items. Louis purchased his
1797:Carved angel on the alcove of the King, north wall
1675:The Resurrection of the dead (late 12th century) (
1635:Stained glass from Saint-Chapelle in other museums
732:
595:, on which Louis spent a further 100,000 livres.
2902:, Corpus Vitrearum Media Aevi, Vol.1, Paris, 1959
2460:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 195–213.
885:1264-1267 - Installation of the tribune of relics
876:1241 - The crown and other relics arrive in Paris
5151:
3134:Informative Article From 1921 On Sainte Chapelle
2129:on 15 April 2019 and has since been kept in the
1979:in the background, and the castle symbol of the
882:1248 - Sainte-Chapelle completed and consecrated
497:Charter of foundation of the Sainte-Chapelle by
5200:Monuments of the Centre des monuments nationaux
3171:
2233:decorated with sculptures and stained glass by
2016:
1951:castle through his mother, Blanche of Castile).
1493:Scenes from Ezekiel and Job (south wall, bay 4)
368:– one of the most important relics in medieval
2700:Centre des monuments nationaux: Discovery Area
2150:The late 16th-century organ by Jacques Cellier
1558:Centerpiece- vision of the seven candlesticks
3463:
3157:
1416:
729:, were melted down for their precious metal.
3809:Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge
1610:Detail of rose window; souls under the altar
914:1630 - Fire damages spire and outer stairway
419:Sainte-Chapelle was inspired by the earlier
267:
1053:and completed the south transept façade of
786:The chapel undergoing restoration (1841–67)
746:Sainte-Chapelle in 1839, before restoration
3889:Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
3470:
3456:
3164:
3150:
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2935:
2923:
2911:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2836:
2824:
2807:
2780:
2646:
2604:Bulletin of the Philadelphia Museum of Art
2586:
2569:
2557:
2443:
2410:
2359:
2163:
908:1460 (approx.) 14th century spire replaced
29:
2657:
2655:
2048:The Grande Châsse, or reliquary, in 1790
1691:King Saul and David (late 12th century) (
1375:The Chasse, which held the sacred relics
414:
3071:
2962:
2747:Les Bâtisseurs des cathédrales gothiques
2458:Artistic integration in Gothic buildings
1875:Sculpture on north wall of upper chapel
1481:Scenes from life of Ezekiel (south wall)
1221:, is pictured in an illustration of the
926:1805 - Relics of Passion transferred to
4890:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
2963:Clicquot, Athénaïs (9 September 2019).
2792:
2761:
1544:
1049:, who worked on the remodelling of the
5152:
3101:Journal of the History of Collections.
3023:
2661:
2652:
1237:. Above the chevet is a statue of the
911:1485-1498 - west rose window installed
723:. Various reliquaries, including the
707:Revolutionary vandalism (18th century)
3799:Musée national des Monuments Français
3719:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
3451:
3145:
3094:La Sainte Chapelle et la Conciergerie
3048:La Sainte-Chapelle- Palais de la Cité
2480:
2455:
2205:to house a fragment of the True Cross
1736:
1399:South wall, looking east to the apse
1291:Lower chapel, with statue of Louis IX
1113:Detail of the flamboyant rose window
307:
35:Sainte-Chapelle, upper level interior
5129:List of tourist attractions in Paris
3804:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
3477:
2335:List of tourist attractions in Paris
1006:holding a fragment of the true cross
962:, which was the seat of government.
602:and a specially built chapel at the
372:. This was later held in the nearby
16:French royal chapel in Paris, France
3694:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
3028:(in French). Paris: La Martinière.
2688:
2310:French Gothic stained glass windows
938:1853-55 - Current spire constructed
483:
399:collections anywhere in the world.
13:
3065:
2358:Events and dates of timeline from
2325:List of historic churches in Paris
1223:Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
774:used to guide the restorers (1847)
528:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
14:
5241:
4885:Mémorial de la France combattante
4600:Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge
3699:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
3363:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
3107:
1598:First horseman of the Apocalypse
651:Modifications (16th–18th century)
4804:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
3128:L'Internaute Magazine: Diaporama
2143:
2065:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2000:
1968:
1956:
1935:
1908:
1892:
1887:One of the Apostles, north wall
1880:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1716:
1700:
1684:
1668:
1652:
1603:
1591:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1455:
1443:
1423:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1252:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1011:
996:
984:
972:
803:
791:
779:
763:
751:
739:
685:
673:
657:
604:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
518:
506:
490:
437:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
5205:Roman Catholic chapels in Paris
3789:Musée national Eugène Delacroix
3202:Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles de Paris
3017:
2996:
2979:
2956:
2893:
2786:
2732:
2714:
2612:
2592:
2352:
2243:: Founded 1382 by Jean de Berry
1349:
1277:
1101:The west front with rose window
733:Restoration (19th–21st century)
5225:World Heritage Sites in France
5195:Monuments historiques of Paris
4308:Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall
2538:
2529:
2512:
2474:
2449:
2391:
2376:
2320:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1187:The spire in the 16th century
945:
353:. It was commissioned by King
242:Official name: Sainte-Chapelle
1:
4932:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
4902:Musée de l'air et de l'espace
3844:Palais de la Légion d'Honneur
3794:Musée national Gustave Moreau
3046:de Finance, Laurence (2012).
2749:, Strasbourg, 1989, pp.181–85
2609:(July–September 1967:249-55).
2382:Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
2340:
2273:
2212:
2195:
1087:
1055:Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris
879:1242-44 - Construction begins
798:The lower chapel in 1900–1905
5220:Tourist attractions in Paris
5180:Gothic architecture in Paris
4960:Bastille Day military parade
4458:Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré
3924:Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle
3849:Musée de la Légion d'honneur
3784:Musée National d'Art Moderne
3724:Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
3500:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
3406:Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre
3304:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
2369:
2125:, but it was saved from the
2017:The relics and the reliquary
1741:
1363:The apse of the upper chapel
606:. In 1246, fragments of the
7:
3979:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
3173:1st arrondissement of Paris
2298:
1987:family through his father,
1928:
1450:Vaults of the upper chapel
1436:Louis VIII Capet, of France
1245:
1137:Portal of the upper chapel
1125:Portal of the lower chapel
965:
860:
544:'s collection of relics of
423:royal chapels, notably the
357:to house his collection of
322:style, within the medieval
318:) is a royal chapel in the
10:
5246:
5165:Churches completed in 1248
4676:Porte de La Chapelle Arena
3999:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
3874:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
3856:Musée de la Vie romantique
3187:Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption
3024:Brisac, Catherine (1994).
2600:Philadelphia Museum of Art
2384:PA00086001 Sainte-Chapelle
2305:French Gothic architecture
2020:
1729:Victoria and Albert Museum
1645:Victoria and Albert Museum
1417:Vaults of the upper chapel
1330:, the mother of Louis IX.
1051:Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis
952:Gothic architectural style
899:1383 - First spire rebuilt
770:A watercolour painting by
409:
5121:
5008:
4950:
4764:
4719:
4691:Stade Pierre de Coubertin
4638:
4541:
4186:Boulevard de la Madeleine
4159:
4047:
3974:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
3864:
3714:Musée des Arts et Métiers
3709:Musée des Arts décoratifs
3658:
3485:
3429:
3373:
3277:Musée des Arts décoratifs
3220:
3197:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
3179:
3103:V.27 (November): 323–334.
2993:, Vol.13, 1962, pp.217–57
2498:10.1017/S003871340001705X
2406:Grove Encyclopedia of Art
2398:Alain Erlande-Brandenburg
2330:Lady Leng Memorial Chapel
2247:Saint-Germer-de-Fly Abbey
2157:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
2023:Relics of Sainte-Chapelle
979:The church from the east
717:relics of Sainte-Chapelle
572:, for the sum of 135,000
313:
280:
275:
263:
255:
247:
240:
231:
216:
201:
188:
180:
175:
136:
128:
118:
111:10, boulevard du Palais,
107:
102:
91:
81:
69:
57:
45:
40:
28:
23:
4907:Musée Fragonard d'Alfort
4868:Walt Disney Studios Park
4789:Château de Fontainebleau
4701:Stade Sébastien Charléty
4656:Halle Georges Carpentier
4630:Coulée verte René-Dumont
4605:Parc des Buttes Chaumont
4448:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois
3989:Saint-Jean de Montmartre
3934:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
3739:Musée de la Cinémathèque
3704:Louis Vuitton Foundation
3010:, Vol.10, 1971, pp.19–22
2793:Branner, Robert (1966),
2696:"Sainte-Chapelle, Paris"
2345:
2201:by Louis IX's grandson,
2181:choir of Sainte-Chapelle
2136:
2127:Notre-Dame de Paris fire
1173:
1149:Gable of the west front
664:Sainte-Chapelle and the
626:The Parisian scholastic
621:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
4774:Basilica of Saint-Denis
4585:Parc Clichy-Batignolles
4191:Boulevard de Sébastopol
2662:Clavel, Sylvie (2009).
2548:, XLII/1 (2003), 63-85.
2229:: Founded 1392 by Duke
2203:Duke Louis I de Bourbon
1915:An Apostle, north wall
1570:Adoration of the beast
894:Sainte-Chapelle Gospels
810:Upper chapel, 1890–1900
4851:Paris La Défense Arena
4799:Château de Rambouillet
4742:Père Lachaise Cemetery
4706:Vélodrome de Vincennes
4556:Jardin d'Acclimatation
4523:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
4303:Place de la République
3994:Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
3969:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
3764:Musée Jacquemart-André
3679:Bibliothèque nationale
2991:Cahiers Archéologiques
2293:Exeter College, Oxford
1975:Wall decoration, with
870:purchases the reputed
648:
540:), was built to house
468:'s palatine chapel at
415:Construction of France
268:
138:Geographic coordinates
5113:World Heritage Centre
5103:Paris Zoological Park
4818:Gardens of Versailles
4732:Montparnasse Cemetery
4610:Parc Georges-Brassens
4413:Rue de la Ferronnerie
4014:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
3964:Saint-François-Xavier
3954:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
3929:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
3909:Synagogue de Nazareth
3774:Musée Marmottan Monet
3759:Maison de Victor Hugo
3616:Philharmonie de Paris
3353:Square du Vert-Galant
2404:(Paris-Buildings) in
2192:Bourbon-l'Archambault
2108:The King had a large
834:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
719:" in the treasury of
632:
589:Relics of the Passion
548:, which included the
380:, which it survived.
364:, including Christ's
5086:Montmartre Funicular
5066:Moulin de la Galette
4836:Château de Vincennes
4794:Château de Malmaison
4784:Château de Chantilly
4711:Vincennes Hippodrome
4661:Longchamp Hippodrome
4575:Jardin du Luxembourg
4313:Place des États-Unis
4293:Place de la Concorde
4288:Place de la Bastille
3834:Musée du Quai Branly
3814:Musée de l'Orangerie
3374:Paris Métro stations
2420:. Paris Digest. 2018
2287:(consecrated 1449),
1851:One of the Apostles
1727:(mid 12th century) (
1545:The west rose window
1211:Detail of the spire
826:Jean-Baptiste Lassus
600:Château de Vincennes
374:Notre-Dame Cathedral
160:48.85528°N 2.34500°E
64:Archdiocese of Paris
4917:Parc de Saint-Cloud
4727:Montmartre Cemetery
4696:Stade Roland Garros
4533:Viaduc d'Austerlitz
4423:Rue de la Sourdière
4323:Place des Victoires
4318:Place des Pyramides
4048:Hôtels particuliers
3919:Notre-Dame de Paris
3894:Chapelle expiatoire
3866:Religious buildings
3779:Musée de Montmartre
3437:Châtelet–Les Halles
3321:Théâtre du Châtelet
3316:Fontaine du Palmier
3282:Les Arts décoratifs
3180:Religious buildings
3092:Gebelin, F. (1937)
2743:Pierre de Montreuil
2315:Gothic architecture
2187:in France include:
2123:Notre Dame de Paris
2078:Notre-Dame de Paris
1643:, in Paris and the
1164:Charles V of France
1047:Pierre de Montreuil
928:Notre-Dame de Paris
890:Charles V of France
721:Notre-Dame de Paris
351:Gothic architecture
309:[sɛ̃tʃapɛl]
234:Monument historique
156: /
5190:Louis IX of France
5046:Fountains in Paris
5031:Café des 2 Moulins
4985:Paris Fashion Week
4970:Fête de la Musique
4952:Culture and events
4880:Fort Mont-Valérien
4748:Oscar Wilde's tomb
4651:Auteuil Hippodrome
4590:Parc de Belleville
4580:Parc André-Citroën
4428:Rue de Montmorency
4368:Pont de Bir-Hakeim
4358:Pont Alexandre III
4348:Place Saint-Michel
4333:Place du Carrousel
4298:Place de la Nation
4221:Galerie Véro-Dodat
4201:Canal Saint-Martin
3984:Tour Saint-Jacques
3879:American Cathedral
3640:Porte Saint-Martin
3569:Institut de France
3430:Paris RER stations
3299:Place du Carrousel
3233:Galerie Véro-Dodat
2676:on 24 January 2023
2072:Reliquary bust of
1993:Blanche of Castile
1981:Kingdom of Castile
1737:Art and decoration
1328:Blanche of Castile
1199:19th-century spire
1162:emblems placed by
1040:spherical triangle
830:Émile Boeswillwald
355:Louis IX of France
113:1st arrondissement
95:Secularized since
5147:
5146:
5108:Pyramide inversée
4809:Château de Sceaux
4766:Région parisienne
4563:Bois de Vincennes
4543:Parks and gardens
4338:Place du Châtelet
4171:Avenue de l'Opéra
4160:Bridges, streets,
4144:Palais de la Cité
4139:Palais de Justice
4122:Luxembourg Palace
4087:Hôtel de Pontalba
4082:Hôtel de la Païva
4062:Hôtel de Beauvais
3744:Musée Cognacq-Jay
3650:Tour Montparnasse
3635:Porte Saint-Denis
3555:Gare Saint-Lazare
3550:Gare Montparnasse
3530:Gare d'Austerlitz
3445:
3444:
3311:Place du Châtelet
3248:Palais de Justice
3228:Comédie-Française
3057:978-2-7577-0246-8
2938:, pp. 40–41.
2926:, pp. 37–39.
2914:, pp. 62–63.
2866:, pp. 36–37.
2854:, pp. 34–35.
2839:, pp. 26–31.
2827:, pp. 26–27.
2560:, pp. 12–13.
2518:Daniel H. Weiss,
2467:978-1-4426-7104-1
2185:Saintes-Chapelles
2173:French Revolution
2166:Saintes-Chapelles
2119:Concordat of 1801
1239:Archangel Michael
1231:Saint Bartholomew
851:Villum Foundation
832:, with the young
713:French Revolution
700:Louis X of France
666:Palais de la Cité
453:Holy Roman Empire
449:Count of Flanders
393:French Revolution
324:Palais de la Cité
297:
296:
165:48.85528; 2.34500
97:French Revolution
5237:
4995:Republican Guard
4897:France Miniature
4858:Disneyland Paris
4828:, including the
4779:Château d'Écouen
4681:Stade Jean Bouin
4666:Parc des Princes
4625:Tuileries Garden
4551:Bois de Boulogne
4508:Rue Saint-Honoré
4453:Rue des Lombards
4443:Rue de Vaugirard
4433:Rue de Richelieu
4408:Rue d'Argenteuil
4328:Place des Vosges
4236:Galerie Vivienne
4216:Covered passages
4196:Canal de l'Ourcq
4127:Petit Luxembourg
4097:Hôtel de Soubise
4072:Hôtel de Crillon
4067:Hôtel de Charost
4034:Temple du Marais
3729:Maison de Balzac
3627:Flame of Liberty
3505:Arènes de Lutèce
3479:Tourism in Paris
3472:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3358:Tuileries Garden
3166:
3159:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3116:Official website
3089:
3061:
3039:
3011:
3002:Robert Branner,
3000:
2994:
2985:I. Hacker-Sück:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2765:
2759:
2750:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2618:Viollet-le-Duc,
2616:
2610:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:The Art Bulletin
2516:
2510:
2509:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2414:
2408:
2402:the Ste Chapelle
2395:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2363:
2356:
2278:
2275:
2270:Karlštejn Castle
2237:. Now destroyed.
2217:
2214:
2200:
2197:
2147:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2004:
1972:
1960:
1939:
1912:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1720:
1704:
1688:
1672:
1656:
1607:
1595:
1586:west rose window
1579:
1567:
1555:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1447:
1427:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1256:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1070:Amiens Cathedral
1015:
1000:
988:
976:
807:
795:
783:
767:
755:
743:
689:
677:
661:
585:Dominican friars
525:Illustration in
522:
510:
494:
484:The Royal Chapel
317:
311:
306:
293:
290:
288:
286:
285:.sainte-chapelle
284:
271:
227:
225:
212:
210:
171:
170:
168:
167:
166:
161:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
33:
21:
20:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5170:Crown of thorns
5150:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5117:
5056:Les Deux Magots
5026:Bateaux Mouches
5004:
4946:
4942:Vaux-le-Vicomte
4937:Stade de France
4863:Disneyland Park
4760:
4756:Picpus Cemetery
4715:
4671:Piscine Molitor
4634:
4620:Parc Montsouris
4537:
4518:Rue Sainte-Anne
4513:Rue Saint-Denis
4503:Rue des Rosiers
4498:Rue Pastourelle
4478:Rue Montorgueil
4403:Rue Charlemagne
4343:Place du Tertre
4181:Avenue George V
4163:
4161:
4155:
4077:Hôtel d'Estrées
4049:
4043:
4024:Sainte-Clotilde
4019:Sainte-Chapelle
3904:Grand Synagogue
3884:American Church
3860:
3769:Musée du Louvre
3734:Musée Bourdelle
3689:Centre Pompidou
3662:
3654:
3495:Arc de Triomphe
3481:
3476:
3446:
3441:
3425:
3369:
3216:
3212:Sainte-Chapelle
3175:
3170:
3139:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3068:
3066:Further reading
3058:
3036:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3001:
2997:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2951:de Finance 2012
2949:
2942:
2936:de Finance 2012
2934:
2930:
2924:de Finance 2012
2922:
2918:
2912:de Finance 2012
2910:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2888:de Finance 2012
2886:
2882:
2876:de Finance 2012
2874:
2870:
2864:de Finance 2012
2862:
2858:
2852:de Finance 2012
2850:
2843:
2837:de Finance 2012
2835:
2831:
2825:de Finance 2012
2823:
2814:
2808:de Finance 2012
2806:
2802:
2791:
2787:
2781:de Finance 2012
2779:
2768:
2760:
2753:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2647:de Finance 2012
2645:
2641:
2617:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2587:de Finance 2012
2585:
2576:
2570:de Finance 2012
2568:
2564:
2558:de Finance 2012
2556:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2517:
2513:
2482:Cohen, Meredith
2479:
2475:
2468:
2454:
2450:
2444:de Finance 2012
2442:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2360:de Finance 2012
2357:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2301:
2276:
2235:André Beauneveu
2215:
2198:
2169:
2151:
2148:
2139:
2081:
2070:
2061:
2058:
2049:
2046:
2037:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2008:
2005:
1996:
1973:
1964:
1961:
1952:
1940:
1931:
1916:
1913:
1904:
1897:
1888:
1885:
1876:
1873:
1864:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1834:
1831:
1822:
1819:
1810:
1807:
1798:
1795:
1780:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1756:
1753:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1725:Book of Ezekiel
1721:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1657:
1637:
1611:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1547:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1494:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1470:
1467:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1439:
1428:
1419:
1400:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1364:
1361:
1352:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1292:
1289:
1280:
1260:
1257:
1248:
1212:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1176:
1150:
1147:
1138:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1114:
1111:
1102:
1099:
1090:
1074:Noyon Cathedral
1019:
1016:
1007:
1001:
992:
989:
980:
977:
968:
948:
896:to the treasury
872:Crown of Thorns
863:
811:
808:
799:
796:
787:
784:
775:
768:
759:
756:
747:
744:
735:
709:
693:
690:
681:
678:
669:
662:
653:
617:Seventh Crusade
554:Image of Edessa
550:crown of thorns
532:
523:
514:
511:
502:
495:
486:
425:Palatine Chapel
417:
412:
383:Along with the
366:Crown of Thorns
304:
301:Sainte-Chapelle
281:
236:
223:
221:
208:
206:
164:
162:
158:
155:
150:
147:
145:
143:
142:
52:Catholic Church
36:
24:Sainte-Chapelle
17:
12:
11:
5:
5243:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5185:Île de la Cité
5182:
5177:
5175:Double chapels
5172:
5167:
5162:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5139:Paris syndrome
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5098:Paris syndrome
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5041:Folies Bergère
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5016:Axe historique
5012:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4980:Paris Air Show
4977:
4972:
4967:
4965:Dîner en Blanc
4962:
4956:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4927:La Roche-Guyon
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4877:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4838:
4833:
4830:Fresh pavilion
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4739:
4737:Passy Cemetery
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4686:Stade Pershing
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:Rue de la Paix
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4383:Port du Louvre
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Place Dauphine
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4211:Champs-Élysées
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4162:areas, squares
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4136:
4134:Palais Bourbon
4131:
4130:
4129:
4119:
4117:Hôtel Matignon
4114:
4109:
4107:Hôtel de Ville
4104:
4102:Hôtel de Sully
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4029:Sainte-Trinité
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3959:Saint-Eustache
3956:
3951:
3949:Saint-Augustin
3946:
3944:Saint Ambroise
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3601:Opéra Bastille
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:Louvre Pyramid
3583:
3578:
3571:
3566:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3391:Étienne Marcel
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3333:Pont au Change
3330:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3238:Île de la Cité
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:Saint-Eustache
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3109:
3108:External links
3106:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3080:(1–2): 57–77.
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
2995:
2978:
2955:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2841:
2829:
2812:
2800:
2785:
2766:
2751:
2739:Robert Suckale
2731:
2728:. 20 May 2015.
2713:
2687:
2651:
2639:
2628:Gothic Revival
2611:
2591:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2537:
2528:
2511:
2492:(4): 840–883.
2473:
2466:
2448:
2431:
2409:
2390:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2291:(c. 1350) and
2281:Hofburgkapelle
2266:
2265:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2224:
2223:: Founded 1451
2218:
2206:
2168:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2028:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:Musée de Cluny
1918:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1901:Hotel de Cluny
1898:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1709:Musée de Cluny
1706:
1699:
1697:
1693:Musée de Cluny
1690:
1683:
1681:
1677:Musée de Cluny
1674:
1667:
1665:
1661:Musée de Cluny
1658:
1651:
1641:Musee de Cluny
1636:
1633:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1532:Louis Grodecki
1520:
1519:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1059:Robert Branner
1021:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1002:
995:
993:
990:
983:
981:
978:
971:
967:
964:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
900:
897:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
862:
859:
843:Musée de Cluny
818:Louis-Philippe
813:
812:
809:
802:
800:
797:
790:
788:
785:
778:
776:
769:
762:
760:
757:
750:
748:
745:
738:
734:
731:
708:
705:
695:
694:
691:
684:
682:
679:
672:
670:
663:
656:
652:
649:
628:Jean de Jandun
570:Constantinople
534:
533:
524:
517:
515:
512:
505:
503:
496:
489:
485:
482:
462:Constantinople
416:
413:
411:
408:
328:Île de la Cité
295:
294:
278:
277:
273:
272:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
238:
237:
232:
229:
228:
218:
214:
213:
203:
202:Groundbreaking
199:
198:
192:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
140:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
109:
105:
104:
100:
99:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
61:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5242:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5215:Stained glass
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:Bateau-Lavoir
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4826:Petit Trianon
4823:
4822:Grand Trianon
4819:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Parc de Bercy
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:Rue Mondétour
4491:
4489:
4488:Rue Rambuteau
4486:
4484:
4483:Rue Radziwill
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4438:Rue de Rivoli
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:Rue Bonaparte
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Pont des Arts
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Place Vendôme
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:Latin Quarter
4256:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4206:Champ de Mars
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:and waterways
4158:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Hôtel Lambert
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:Hôtel de Sens
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Élysée Palace
4055:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Saint-Sulpice
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Musée Picasso
3827:
3825:
3824:Musée Pasteur
3822:
3820:
3819:Musée d'Orsay
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Opéra Garnier
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Luxor Obelisk
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Les Invalides
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:Gare de l'Est
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Louvre–Rivoli
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Pont des Arts
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Place Vendôme
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:Place Colette
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Medici column
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:Louvre Palace
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3035:2-73-242117-0
3031:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2966:
2959:
2953:, p. 15.
2952:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2896:
2890:, p. 49.
2889:
2884:
2878:, p. 44.
2877:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2838:
2833:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2810:, p. 34.
2809:
2804:
2797:, p. 8ff
2796:
2789:
2783:, p. 22.
2782:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2649:, p. 16.
2648:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2589:, p. 14.
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2572:, p. 13.
2571:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2419:
2418:"Paris facts"
2413:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2272:near Prague (
2271:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:Jean de Berry
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2131:Louvre Museum
2128:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2014:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1582:The chapel's
1578:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1554:
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1524:stained-glass
1513:
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1456:Stained glass
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1025:Grands Degres
1018:South facade
1014:
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726:grande châsse
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566:Latin emperor
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451:and with the
450:
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330:in the River
329:
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279:
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266:
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256:Reference no.
254:
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98:
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87:
84:
80:
77:
76:Île-de-France
74:
72:
68:
65:
62:
60:
56:
53:
50:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5134:Art in Paris
5093:Paris Musées
5071:Moulin Rouge
5036:Café Procope
4990:Paris-Plages
4975:Nuit Blanche
4912:Parc Astérix
4846:Grande Arche
4746:
4639:Sport venues
4615:Parc Monceau
4468:Rue Foyatier
4273:Montparnasse
4151:Palais-Royal
4039:Val-de-Grâce
4018:
3914:La Madeleine
3899:Grand Mosque
3754:Musée Guimet
3749:Musée Grévin
3625:
3575:Jeanne d'Arc
3573:
3564:Petit Palais
3560:Grand Palais
3545:Gare du Nord
3540:Gare de Lyon
3525:Eiffel Tower
3520:Conciergerie
3289:Palais-Royal
3243:Conciergerie
3211:
3138:
3100:
3093:
3077:
3073:
3047:
3025:
3018:Bibliography
3007:
3003:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2971:15 September
2969:. Retrieved
2958:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2832:
2803:
2794:
2788:
2762:Branner 1966
2746:
2742:
2734:
2726:The Guardian
2725:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2671:the original
2642:
2634:
2631:
2623:
2620:Dictionnaire
2619:
2614:
2606:
2603:
2594:
2565:
2553:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2457:
2451:
2446:, p. 6.
2424:19 September
2422:. Retrieved
2412:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2378:
2362:, p. 49
2354:
2267:
2184:
2179:itself, the
2176:
2170:
2165:
2154:
2115:
2107:
2084:
2011:
1977:fleur-de-lis
1919:
1837:
1783:
1647:in London.
1638:
1629:silver stain
1614:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1407:
1403:
1350:Upper Chapel
1344:Annunciation
1340:
1336:
1332:
1324:Fleur-de-Lys
1320:
1278:Lower Chapel
1272:
1263:
1227:Saint Thomas
1215:
1168:
1160:fleur-de-lys
1153:
1082:
1080:goldsmiths.
1067:
1044:
1024:
1022:
949:
847:
839:
814:
724:
710:
696:
645:
641:
637:
633:
625:
597:
593:Grand-Chasse
592:
588:
578:
560:relics from
538:Conciergerie
535:
526:
458:Hagia Sophia
445:
441:
418:
404:Conciergerie
401:
385:Conciergerie
382:
340:
314:
300:
298:
264:Denomination
241:
184:Royal chapel
176:Architecture
119:Municipality
18:
5076:Paris Métro
4875:Exploradôme
4646:Accor Arena
4568:Parc floral
4473:Rue Molière
4463:Rue Elzévir
4388:Rive Gauche
4363:Pont d'Iéna
4278:Place Diana
4176:Avenue Foch
4050:and palaces
3839:Musée Rodin
3674:Army Museum
3621:Place Diana
3130:(in French)
2967:(in French)
2387:(in French)
2277: 1360
2216: 1400
2199: 1310
2103:Holy Friday
1723:Scene from
1617:rose window
1434:'s father,
1267:quatrefoils
1235:The Passion
1036:bar tracery
946:Description
892:offers the
822:Félix Duban
772:Félix Duban
478:Innocent IV
466:Charlemagne
429:Charlemagne
421:Carolingian
370:Christendom
343:consecrated
315:Holy Chapel
312:; English:
163: /
47:Affiliation
5230:Holy Lance
5154:Categories
4841:La Défense
4720:Cemeteries
4268:Montmartre
4004:Saint-Roch
3939:Sacré-Cœur
3684:Carnavalet
3396:Les Halles
3348:Pont Royal
3255:Les Halles
3207:Saint-Roch
3026:Le Vitrail
2341:References
2221:Châteaudun
2211:: Founded
2194:: Founded
2099:true cross
2021:See also:
1989:Louis VIII
1625:Apocalypse
1621:flamboyant
1584:flamboyant
1410:archivolts
1156:flamboyant
1088:West front
1029:crocketted
845:in Paris.
824:, then by
612:Holy Lance
608:True Cross
562:Baldwin II
474:True Cross
376:until the
349:period of
338:, France.
259:PA00086001
248:Designated
148:48°51′19″N
86:Roman Rite
5081:entrances
4528:Trocadéro
4393:Rue Basse
4378:Pont Neuf
4263:Le Marais
4231:Panoramas
3515:Catacombs
3487:Landmarks
3421:Tuileries
3416:Pyramides
3411:Pont Neuf
3343:Pont Neuf
3221:Landmarks
3086:1522-7464
2706:14 August
2680:14 August
2506:162738720
2370:Citations
2257:Charles V
2253:Vincennes
2091:Crusaders
1742:Sculpture
1219:Charles V
956:Rayonnant
904:Louis XII
855:St. Louis
531:(c. 1500)
378:2019 fire
347:Rayonnant
217:Completed
195:Rayonnant
151:2°20′42″E
5051:La Ruche
5000:Solidays
4246:Jouffroy
4226:Choiseul
3645:Sorbonne
3611:Panthéon
3386:Concorde
3381:Châtelet
3096:. Paris.
2486:Speculum
2299:See also
2295:(1860).
2209:Chambéry
2177:chapelle
2074:Louis IX
1929:Painting
1432:Louis IX
1246:Interior
1004:Louis IX
966:Exterior
954:called "
868:Louis IX
861:Timeline
610:and the
542:Louis IX
499:Louis IX
389:Capetian
108:Location
103:Location
59:Province
41:Religion
5122:Related
5061:Maxim's
4922:Provins
4814:Château
3660:Museums
2279:), the
2263:Dauphin
2227:Bourges
2087:Passion
1949:Castile
888:1379 -
866:1239 -
668:in 1615
583:by two
558:Passion
433:oratory
410:History
359:Passion
305:French:
276:Website
222: (
207: (
129:Country
3510:Bourse
3265:Louvre
3084:
3054:
3032:
2702:. 2016
2504:
2464:
2285:Vienna
2164:Other
2110:chasse
2095:livres
1063:Amiens
1032:gables
960:palace
581:Venice
574:livres
564:, the
552:, the
546:Christ
501:(1246)
470:Aachen
362:relics
320:Gothic
269:Église
197:Gothic
132:France
92:Status
71:Region
5009:Other
4251:Brady
4241:Havre
3596:Odéon
3008:Gesta
3006:, in
2989:, in
2674:(PDF)
2667:(PDF)
2632:Gesta
2546:Gesta
2522:, in
2502:S2CID
2346:Notes
2137:Organ
1985:Capet
1945:Capet
1174:Spire
1078:Mosan
336:Paris
332:Seine
190:Style
123:Paris
4824:and
4816:and
3665:list
3562:and
3082:ISSN
3052:ISBN
3040:boom
3030:ISBN
2973:2020
2708:2017
2682:2017
2624:s.v.
2598:The
2462:ISBN
2426:2018
2241:Riom
1615:The
1229:and
828:and
299:The
251:1862
224:1248
220:1248
209:1242
205:1242
181:Type
82:Rite
2745:in
2494:doi
2283:in
1995:).
1731:)
1438:)
568:at
460:in
427:of
334:in
289:/en
287:.fr
283:www
5156::
3078:44
3076:.
2943:^
2844:^
2815:^
2769:^
2754:^
2741:,
2724:.
2698:.
2654:^
2635:37
2622:,
2607:62
2577:^
2500:.
2490:83
2488:.
2434:^
2400:,
2274:c.
2213:c.
2196:c.
2133:.
1925:.
1903:)
1663:)
1065:.
857:.
4832:)
4820:(
3667:)
3663:(
3471:e
3464:t
3457:v
3165:e
3158:t
3151:v
3088:.
3060:.
3038:.
2975:.
2764:.
2710:.
2684:.
2508:.
2496::
2470:.
2428:.
2080:)
2076:(
1711:)
1695:)
1679:)
303:(
291:/
226:)
211:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
