Sanskrit - Knowledge

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at one and the same time in the Maurya era. It is even less likely, states Norman, that a writing script was invented during Ashoka's rule, starting from nothing, for the specific purpose of writing his inscriptions and then it was understood all over South Asia where the Ashoka pillars are found. Goody (1987) states that ancient India likely had a "very old culture of writing" along with its oral tradition of composing and transmitting knowledge, because the Vedic literature is too vast, consistent and complex to have been entirely created, memorized, accurately preserved and spread without a written system. Falk disagrees with Goody, and suggests that it is a Western presumption and inability to imagine that remarkably early scientific achievements such as Pāṇini's grammar (5th to 4th century BCE), and the creation, preservation and wide distribution of the large corpus of the Brahmanic Vedic literature and the Buddhist canonical literature, without any writing scripts. Bronkhorst (2002) disagrees with Falk, and states, "Falk goes too far. It is fair to expect that we believe that Vedic memorisation—though without parallel in any other human society—has been able to preserve very long texts for many centuries without losing a syllable. ... However, the oral composition of a work as complex as Pāṇini's grammar is not only without parallel in other human cultures, it is without parallel in India itself. ... It just will not do to state that our difficulty in conceiving any such thing is our problem".

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diversified, Sanskrit served as the common language. It connected scholars from distant parts of South Asia such as Tamil Nadu and Kashmir, states Deshpande, as well as those from different fields of studies, though there must have been differences in its pronunciation given the first language of the respective speakers. The Sanskrit language brought Indo-Aryan speaking people together, particularly its elite scholars. Some of these scholars of Indian history regionally produced vernacularized Sanskrit to reach wider audiences, as evidenced by texts discovered in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Once the audience became familiar with the easier to understand vernacularized version of Sanskrit, those interested could graduate from colloquial Sanskrit to the more advanced Classical Sanskrit. Rituals and the rites-of-passage ceremonies have been and continue to be the other occasions where a wide spectrum of people hear Sanskrit, and occasionally join in to speak some Sanskrit words such as

6141: 2326: 2202: 8888: 8897: 8868: 1626: 2473: 2169: 1965: 11397:"In conclusion, there are strong systemic and paleographic indications that the Brahmi script derived from a Semitic prototype, which, mainly on historical grounds, is most likely to have been Aramaic. However, the details of this problem remain to be worked out, and in any case, it is unlikely that a complete letter-by-letter derivation will ever be possible; for Brahmi may have been more of an adaptation and remodeling, rather than a direct derivation, of the presumptive Semitic prototype, perhaps under the influence of a preexisting Indian tradition of phonetic analysis. However, the Semitic hypothesis is not so strong as to rule out the remote possibility that further discoveries could drastically change the picture. In particular, a relationship of some kind, probably partial or indirect, with the protohistoric Indus Valley script should not be considered entirely out of the question." 6215:– probably older than the Buddhist texts – list eighteen writing systems, with the Brahmi topping the list and Kharotthi (Kharoshthi) listed as fourth. The Jaina text elsewhere states that the "Brahmi is written in 18 different forms", but the details are lacking. However, the reliability of these lists has been questioned and the empirical evidence of writing systems in the form of Sanskrit or Prakrit inscriptions dated prior to the 3rd century BCE has not been found. If the ancient surfaces for writing Sanskrit were palm leaves, tree bark and cloth – the same as those in later times – these have not survived. According to Salomon, many find it difficult to explain the "evidently high level of political organization and cultural complexity" of ancient India without a writing system for Sanskrit and other languages. 2158: 727: 10087: 2180: 2191: 12374:

loyalties depending on the immediate political climate," says Prof. Ganesh Devy of the People's Linguistic Survey of India. ... Because some people "fictitiously" indicate Sanskrit as their mother tongue owing to its high prestige and Constitutional mandate, the Census captures the persisting memory of an ancient language that is no longer anyone's real mother tongue, says B. Mallikarjun of the Center for Classical Language. Hence, the numbers fluctuate in each Census. ... "Sanskrit has influence without presence," says Devy. "We all feel in some corner of the country, Sanskrit is spoken." But even in Karnataka's Mattur, which is often referred to as India's Sanskrit village, hardly a handful indicated Sanskrit as their mother tongue.

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launched ancient Indian speculations about "the nature and function of language", what is the relationship between words and their meanings in the context of a community of speakers, whether this relationship is objective or subjective, discovered or is created, how individuals learn and relate to the world around them through language, and about the limits of language? They speculated on the role of language, the ontological status of painting word-images through sound, and the need for rules so that it can serve as a means for a community of speakers, separated by geography or time, to share and understand profound ideas from each other. These speculations became particularly important to the

2005: 10127: 1824:(1976), an Indologist and Buddhism scholar, Sanskrit became the dominant literary and inscriptional language because of its precision in communication. It was, states Lamotte, an ideal instrument for presenting ideas, and as knowledge in Sanskrit multiplied, so did its spread and influence. Sanskrit was adopted voluntarily as a vehicle of high culture, arts, and profound ideas. Pollock disagrees with Lamotte, but concurs that Sanskrit's influence grew into what he terms a "Sanskrit Cosmopolis" over a region that included all of South Asia and much of southeast Asia. The Sanskrit language cosmopolis thrived beyond India between 300 and 1300 CE. 4326:, but Classical Sanskrit does not. Vedic Sanskrit has a pitch accent system (inherited from Proto-Indo-European) which was acknowledged by Pāṇini, states Jamison; but in his Classical Sanskrit the accents disappear. Most Vedic Sanskrit words have one accent. However, this accent is not phonologically predictable, states Jamison. It can fall anywhere in the word and its position often conveys morphological and syntactic information. The presence of an accent system in Vedic Sanskrit is evidenced from the markings in the Vedic texts. This is important because of Sanskrit's connection to the PIE languages and comparative Indo-European linguistics. 1563:, language is observed in a manner that has no parallel among Greek or Latin grammarians. Pāṇini's grammar, according to Renou and Filliozat, is a classic that defines the linguistic expression and sets the standard for the Sanskrit language. Pāṇini made use of a technical metalanguage consisting of a syntax, morphology and lexicon. This metalanguage is organised according to a series of meta-rules, some of which are explicitly stated while others can be deduced. Despite differences in the analysis from that of modern linguistics, Pāṇini's work has been found valuable and the most advanced analysis of linguistics until the twentieth century. 13420:

the earliest poetic representatives of the Iranian and Greek language families. Moreover, its manner of preservation, by a system of oral transmission which has preserved the hymns almost without change for 3,000 years, makes it a very trustworthy witness to the Indo-Aryan language of North India in the second millennium BC. Its importance for the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European, particularly in respect of the archaic morphology and syntax it preserves, ... is considerable. Any linguistic investigation into Old Indo-Aryan, Indo-Iranian, or Proto-Indo-European cannot avoid treating the evidence of the Rigveda as of vital importance.

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L1, L2 and L3 Sanskrit tokens are linked to urban areas. The predominance of Sanskrit across the Hindi belt also shows a particular cultural/geographic affection that does not spread equally across the rest of the country. In addition, the clustering with Hindi and English, in the majority of variations possible, also suggests that a certain class element is involved. Essentially, people who identify as speakers of Sanskrit appear to be urban and educated, which possibly implies that the affiliation with Sanskrit is related in some way to at least some sort of Indian, if not, Hindu, nationalism."

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Sanskrit. The new policy aims to create a Sanskrit village in every "block" (administrative division) of Uttarakhand. The state of Uttarakhand consists of two divisions, 13 districts, 79 sub-districts and 97 blocks. ... There is hardly a Sanskrit village in even one block in Uttarakhand. The curious thing is that, while 70% of the state's total population live in rural areas, 100pc of the total 246 L1-Sanskrit tokens returned at the 2011 census are from Urban areas. No L1-Sanskrit token comes from any villager who identifies as an L1-Sanskrit speaker in Uttarakhand."

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late 2nd century, while a few later ones include Sanskrit inscriptions along with Prakrit inscriptions related to Hinduism and Buddhism. After the 3rd century CE, Sanskrit inscriptions dominate and many have survived. Between the 4th and 7th centuries CE, south Indian inscriptions are exclusively in the Sanskrit language. In the eastern regions of South Asia, scholars report minor Sanskrit inscriptions from the 2nd century, these being fragments and scattered. The earliest substantial true Sanskrit language inscription of Susuniya (

1467:. According to Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton – Indologists known for their translation of the Ṛg-veda – the Vedic Sanskrit literature "clearly inherited" from Indo-Iranian and Indo-European times the social structures such as the role of the poet and the priests, the patronage economy, the phrasal equations, and some of the poetic metres. While there are similarities, state Jamison and Brereton, there are also differences between Vedic Sanskrit, the Old Avestan, and the Mycenaean Greek literature. For example, unlike the Sanskrit 2449:. These mergers occurred very early and significantly affected Sanskrit's morphological system. Some phonological developments in it mirror those in other PIE languages. For example, the labiovelars merged with the plain velars as in other satem languages. The secondary palatalization of the resulting segments is more thorough and systematic within Sanskrit. For example, unlike the loss of the morphological clarity from vowel contraction that is found in early Greek and related southeast European languages, Sanskrit deployed 3100:

Sanskrit dialects have had a historic confusion between "r" and "l". The Paninian system that followed the central dialect preserved the distinction, likely out of reverence for the Vedic Sanskrit that distinguished the "r" and "l". However, the northwestern dialect only had "r", while the eastern dialect probably only had "l", states Masica. Thus literary works from different parts of ancient India appear inconsistent in their use of "r" and "l", resulting in doublets that are occasionally semantically differentiated.

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consonant cluster morphology for Sanskrit words and grammar, the Brahmi and its derivative writing systems deploy ligatures, diacritics and relative positioning of the vowel to inform the reader how the vowel is related to the consonant and how it is expected to be pronounced for clarity. This feature of Brahmi and its modern Indic script derivatives makes it difficult to classify it under the main script types used for the writing systems for most of the world's languages, namely logographic, syllabic and alphabetic.

8877: 1993:, another Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, learnt Sanskrit in India and carried 657 Sanskrit texts to China in the 7th century where he established a major center of learning and language translation under the patronage of Emperor Taizong. By the early 1st millennium CE, Sanskrit had spread Buddhist and Hindu ideas to Southeast Asia, parts of the East Asia and the Central Asia. It was accepted as a language of high culture and the preferred language by some of the local ruling elites in these regions. According to the 767:('made, formed, work'). It connotes a work that has been "well prepared, pure and perfect, polished, sacred". According to Biderman, the perfection contextually being referred to in the etymological origins of the word is its tonal—rather than semantic—qualities. Sound and oral transmission were highly valued qualities in ancient India, and its sages refined the alphabet, the structure of words, and its exacting grammar into a "collection of sounds, a kind of sublime musical mold" as an integral language they called 4272: 13263:(p. 17) Similarly, we find a large number of other items relating to flora and fauna, grains, pulses, and spices—that is, words that we might expect to have made their way into Sanskrit from the linguistic environment of prehistoric or early-historic India. ... (p. 18) Dravidian certainly influenced Sanskrit phonology and syntax from early on ... (p 19) Vedic Sanskrit was in contact, from very ancient times, with speakers of Dravidian languages, and that the two language families profoundly influenced one another. 9959:

four of the Dravidian literary languages in South to make literary use of total Sanskrit lexicon indiscriminately". There are a large number of loanwords found in the vocabulary of the three major Dravidian languages Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu. Tamil also has significant loanwords from Sanskrit. Krishnamurthi mentions that although it is not clear when the Sanskrit influence happened on the Dravidian languages, it might have been around the 5th century BCE at the time of separation of Tamil and Kannada from a

1753: 8837: 2129:, reversed the process, by re-adopting Sanskrit and re-asserting their socio-linguistic identity. After Islamic rule disintegrated in South Asia and the colonial rule era began, Sanskrit re-emerged but in the form of a "ghostly existence" in regions such as Bengal. This decline was the result of "political institutions and civic ethos" that did not support the historic Sanskrit literary culture and the failure of new Sanskrit literature to assimilate into the changing cultural and political environment. 10136: 10956:

Indophiles to potentially be "repositories of the primitive experiences and religion of the human race, and as such confirmatory of the truth of Christian scripture", as well as a key to "universal ethnological narrative". The Indophobes imagined the opposite, making the counterclaim that there is little of any value in Sanskrit, portraying it as "a language fabricated by artful priests", with little original thought, possibly copied from the Greeks who came with Alexander or perhaps the Persians.

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at best and hardly constitutes firm grounds for a late date for Kharoṣṭhī. The stronger argument for this position is that we have no specimen of the script before the time of Ashoka, nor any direct evidence of intermediate stages in its development; but of course this does not mean that such earlier forms did not exist, only that, if they did exist, they have not survived, presumably because they were not employed for monumental purposes before Ashoka". According to Hartmut Scharfe,

13005:, the Proto-Indo-Aryan civilization was influenced by two external waves of migrations. The first group originated from the southern Urals (c. 2100 BCE) and mixed with the peoples of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC); this group then proceeded to South Asia, arriving around 1900 BCE. The second wave arrived in northern South Asia around 1750 BCE and mixed with the formerly arrived group, producing the Mitanni Aryans (c. 1500 BCE), a precursor to the peoples of the 1948:(~200 CE), used Classical Sanskrit as the language for his texts. According to Renou, Sanskrit had a limited role in the Theravada tradition (formerly known as the Hinayana) but the Prakrit works that have survived are of doubtful authenticity. Some of the canonical fragments of the early Buddhist traditions, discovered in the 20th century, suggest the early Buddhist traditions used an imperfect and reasonably good Sanskrit, sometimes with a Pali syntax, states Renou. The 2297:

regional dialects. Each language has some unique and regionally creative aspects, with unclear origins. Prakrit languages do have a grammatical structure, but like Vedic Sanskrit, it is far less rigorous than Classical Sanskrit. While the roots of all Prakrit languages may be in Vedic Sanskrit and ultimately the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, their structural details vary from Classical Sanskrit. It is generally accepted by scholars and widely believed in India that the modern

8628:(literally, "garland of letters") alphabetic ordering following the same logical phonetic order, easing the work of historic skilled scribes writing or reproducing Sanskrit works across South Asia. The Sanskrit language written in some Indic scripts exaggerate angles or round shapes, but this serves only to mask the underlying similarities. Nagari script favours symmetry set with squared outlines and right angles. In contrast, Sanskrit written in the 7853:(south India) and other variants. The Nāgarī script was in regular use by 7th century CE, and had fully evolved into Devanagari and Nandinagari scripts by about the end of the first millennium of the common era. The Devanagari script, states Banerji, became more popular for Sanskrit in India since about the 18th century. However, Sanskrit does have special historical connection to the Nagari script as attested by the epigraphical evidence. 11454:: "The Sanscrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from 26139: 11423:"All these achievements are dwarfed, though, by the Sanskrit linguistic tradition culminating in the famous grammar by Pāṇini, known as the Aṣṭhādhyāyī. The elegance and comprehensiveness of its architecture have yet to be surpassed by any grammar of any language, and its ingenious methods of stratifying out use and mention, language and metalanguage, and theorem and metatheorem predate key discoveries in western philosophy by millennia." 8592: 4231:), such that, for example, a morpheme with an underlying voiced aspirate final may show alternants with all three stops under differing internal sandhi conditions". The velar series (k, g, gʰ) alternate with the palatal series (c, j, h), while the structural position of the palatal series is modified into a retroflex cluster when followed by dental. This rule creates two morphophonemically distinct series from a single palatal series. 26224: 26190: 26173: 10244: 1642: 8991:

regional Indic writing systems extant at the time. They record the donation of a temple or stupa, images, land, monasteries, pilgrim's travel record, public infrastructure such as water reservoir and irrigation measures to prevent famine. Others praise the king or the donor in lofty poetic terms. The Sanskrit language of these inscriptions is written on stone, various metals, terracotta, wood, crystal, ivory, shell, and cloth.

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determines its value according to powers (usually) of ten (e.g., in 3,285, the "2" refers to hundreds). Its extension to include decimal fractions and the procedures that were made possible by its adoption transformed the abilities of all who calculated, with an effect comparable to the modern invention of the electronic computer. Roughly speaking, this began in India, was transmitted to Islam, and then to the Latin West.

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Central or Eastern Europe, while the Indo-Iranian group possibly arose in Central Russia. The Iranian and Indo-Aryan branches separated quite early. It is the Indo-Aryan branch that moved into eastern Iran and then south into South Asia in the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE. Once in ancient India, the Indo-Aryan language underwent rapid linguistic change and morphed into the Vedic Sanskrit language.

5676:, states Jamison, which means they are "separated from the finite verb". This indecisiveness is likely linked to Vedic Sanskrit's attempt to incorporate accent. With nonfinite forms of the verb and with nominal derivatives thereof, states Jamison, "preverbs show much clearer univerbation in Vedic, both by position and by accent, and by Classical Sanskrit, tmesis is no longer possible even with finite forms". 5662:(strengthened) forms in the active singular regularly alternate in athematic verbs. The finite verbs of Classical Sanskrit have the following grammatical categories: person, number, voice, tense-aspect, and mood. According to Jamison, a portmanteau morpheme generally expresses the person-number-voice in Sanskrit, and sometimes also the ending or only the ending. The mood of the word is embedded in the affix. 804:. The relationship between Prakrit and Sanskrit is found in Indian texts dated to the 1st millennium CE. Patañjali acknowledged that Prakrit is the first language, one instinctively adopted by every child with all its imperfections and later leads to the problems of interpretation and misunderstanding. The purifying structure of the Sanskrit language removes these imperfections. The early Sanskrit grammarian 26156: 11930: 12266:, p. 55: "Thus Classical Sanskrit, fixed by Panini's grammar in probably the fourth century BC on the basis of a class dialect (and preceding grammatical tradition) of probably the seventh century BC, had its greatest literary flowering in the first millennium AD and even later, much of it therefore a full thousand years after the stage of the language it ostensibly represents." 2472: 12022:

Arabic, Dravidian and North-Indo-Aryan languages, states Salomon. The Sanskrit language, particularly in bilingual form, re-emerged in the epigraphy of Hindu kingdoms such as the Vijayanagara, Yadavas, Hoysalas, Pandyas, and others that re-established themselves. Some Muslim rulers such as Adil Shah also issued Sanskrit language inscriptions recording the donation of a mosque.

8954:, Gujarat) is the first long poetic-style inscription in "more or less" standard Sanskrit that has survived into the modern era. It represents a turning point in the history of Sanskrit epigraphy, states Salomon. Though no similar inscriptions are found for about two hundred years after the Rudradaman reign, it is important because its style is the prototype of the 867: 2367:. Sanskrit inscriptions, manuscripts or its remnants, including some of the oldest known Sanskrit written texts, have been discovered in dry high deserts and mountainous terrains such as in Nepal, Tibet, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. Some Sanskrit texts and inscriptions have also been discovered in Korea and Japan. 2139:". After the 12th century, the Sanskrit literary works were reduced to "reinscription and restatements" of ideas already explored, and any creativity was restricted to hymns and verses. This contrasted with the previous 1,500 years when "great experiments in moral and aesthetic imagination" marked the Indian scholarship using Classical Sanskrit, states Pollock. 1345:, a Hindu scripture from the mid- to late-second millennium BCE. No written records from such an early period survive, if any ever existed, but scholars are generally confident that the oral transmission of the texts is reliable: they are ceremonial literature, where the exact phonetic expression and its preservation were a part of the historic tradition. 1361:– an Indologist known for his scholarship of the Sanskrit literature and the Ṛg-veda in particular. According to Renou, this implies that the Vedic Sanskrit language had a "set linguistic pattern" by the second half of the 2nd millennium BCE. Beyond the Ṛg-veda, the ancient literature in Vedic Sanskrit that has survived into the modern age include the 682:. However, despite attempts at revival, there are no first-language speakers of Sanskrit in India. In each of India's recent decennial censuses, several thousand citizens have reported Sanskrit to be their mother tongue, but the numbers are thought to signify a wish to be aligned with the prestige of the language. Sanskrit has been taught in traditional 12969:

north-west. Detailed evidence is lacking. Nevertheless, a predecessor of the language that would eventually be called Sanskrit was probably introduced into the north-west sometime between 3,900 and 3,000 years ago. This language was related to one then spoken in eastern Iran; and both of these languages belonged to the Indo-European language family.

1944:—a scholar of Linguistics with a focus on Indian philosophies and Sanskrit. Though written in a number of different scripts, the dominant language of Hindu texts has been Sanskrit. It or a hybrid form of Sanskrit became the preferred language of Mahayana Buddhism scholarship; for example, one of the early and influential Buddhist philosophers, 776:"mysterious magnum" of Hindu thought. The search for perfection in thought and the goal of liberation were among the dimensions of sacred sound, and the common thread that wove all ideas and inspirations together became the quest for what the ancient Indians believed to be a perfect language, the "phonocentric episteme" of Sanskrit. 8624:

repertoire and systemic features", states Salomon. They all have essentially the same set of eleven to fourteen vowels and thirty-three consonants as established by the Sanskrit language and attestable in the Brahmi script. Further, a closer examination reveals that they all have the similar basic graphic principles, the same

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northern and western India while not the originators, were promoters of the use of Sanskrit language for inscriptions, and "their motivation in promoting Sanskrit was presumably a desire to establish themselves as legitimate Indian or at least Indianized rulers and to curry the favor of the educated Brahmanical elite".

8640: 12806:: Made perfect, refined, polished, cultivated. -तः -tah A word formed regularly according to the rules of grammar, a regular derivative. -तम् -tam Refined or highly polished speech, the Sanskṛit language; संस्कृतं नाम दैवी वागन्वाख्याता महर्षिभिः ("named sanskritam the divine language elaborated by the sages") from 8756:, Rajasthan) inscriptions. Both of these, states Salomon, are "essentially standard" and "correct Sanskrit", with a few exceptions reflecting an "informal Sanskrit usage". Other important Hindu inscriptions dated to the 1st century BCE, in relatively accurate classical Sanskrit and Brahmi script are the 1772:(1996), has favored the learning and the usage of multiple languages from the ancient times. Sanskrit was a spoken language in the educated and the elite classes, but it was also a language that must have been understood in a wider circle of society because the widely popular folk epics and stories such as the 2113:. Sheldon Pollock characterises the decline of Sanskrit as a long-term "cultural, social, and political change". He dismisses the idea that Sanskrit declined due to "struggle with barbarous invaders", and emphasises factors such as the increasing attractiveness of vernacular language for literary expression. 10410:, and since then, Indian culture has been absorbed towards Indonesian culture and language. Thus, the Sanskrit culture in Indonesia exists not as a religious aspect but more towards a cultural aspect that has been present for generations, resulting in a more cultural rather than Hinduistic value of the 21998:

The latter half of the nineteenth century marks the beginning of a new era in Sanskrit literature. Many of the modern Sanskrit writings are qualitatively of such high order that they can easily be treated at par with the best of classical Sanskrit works, and they can also be judged in contrast to the

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Some of the migrated languages ... such as Sanskrit and English, remained primarily as a second language, even though their native speakers were lost. Some native languages like the language of the Indus valley were lost with their speakers, while some linguistic communities shifted their language to

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As Mahapatra says: "It is generally believed that the significance for the Eighth Schedule lies in providing a list of languages from which Hindi is directed to draw the appropriate forms, style and expressions for its enrichment" ... Being recognized in the Constitution, however, has had significant

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The desire to preserve understanding and knowledge of Sanskrit in the face of ongoing linguistic change drove the development of an indigenous grammatical tradition, which culminated in the composition of the Aṣṭādhyāyī, attributed to the grammarian Pāṇini, no later than the early fourth century BCE.

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rule in the late 12th century, but it remained in active epigraphical use in the south and central regions of India. By about the 14th century, with the Islamic armies conquering more of South Asia, the use of Sanskrit language for inscriptions became rarer and it was replaced with Persian,

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Salomon states that these shared graphic principles that combine syllabic and alphabetic writing are distinctive for Indic scripts when contrasted with other major world languages. The only known similarity is found in the Ethiopic scripts, but Ethiopic system lacks clusters and the Indic set of full

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because Indian tradition "at every occasion stresses the orality of the cultural and literary heritage". Kenneth Norman states writing scripts in ancient India evolved over the long period of time like other cultures, that it is unlikely that ancient Indians developed a single complete writing system

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has been a source of scholarly disagreements. Harry Falk in his 1993 overview states that ancient Indians neither knew nor used writing script, and Pāṇini's mention is likely a reference to Semitic and Greek scripts. In his 1995 review, Salomon questions Falk's arguments and writes it is "speculative

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is remarkable. In India and beyond, its recitations include "simple private household readings, to family and neighborhood recitation sessions, to holy men reciting in temples or at pilgrimage places for passersby, to public Gita discourses held almost nightly at halls and auditoriums in every Indian

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Strazny mentions that "so massive has been the influence that it is hard to utter Sanskrit words have influenced Kannada from the early times". The first document in Kannada, the Halmidi inscription has a large number of Sanskrit words. As per Kachru, the influence has not only been on single lexical

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European scholars in the 19th century generally preferred Devanagari for the transcription and reproduction of whole texts and lengthy excerpts. However, references to individual words and names in texts composed in European Languages were usually represented with Roman transliteration. From the 20th

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The root structure has certain phonological constraints. Two of the most important constraints of a "root" is that it does not end in a short "a" (अ) and that it is monosyllabic. In contrast, the affixes and endings commonly do. The affixes in Sanskrit are almost always suffixes, with exceptions such

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states, Sanskrit was never a dead language and it is still alive though its prevalence is lesser than ancient and medieval times. Sanskrit remains an integral part of Hindu journals, festivals, Ramlila plays, drama, rituals and the rites-of-passage. Similarly, Brian Hatcher states that the "metaphors

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preferred the Prakrit language so that everyone could understand it. However, scholars such as Dundas have questioned this hypothesis. They state that there is no evidence for this and whatever evidence is available suggests that by the start of the common era, hardly anybody other than learned monks

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The primary source for this argument is internal evidence of the text which betrays an instability of the phenomenon of retroflexion, with the same phrases having sandhi-induced retroflexion in some parts but not other. This is taken along with evidence of controversy, for example, in passages of the

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However some scholars have suggested that the original Ṛg-veda differed in some fundamental ways in phonology compared to the sole surviving version available to us. In particular that retroflex consonants did not exist as a natural part of the earliest Vedic language, and that these developed in the

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Although in modern usage Sanskrit is most commonly written or printed in Nagari, in theory, it can be represented by virtually any of the main Brahmi-based scripts, and in practice it often is. Thus scripts such as Gujarati, Bangla, and Oriya, as well as the major south Indian scripts, traditionally

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Sudden or significant changes in metre, wherein the metre of succeeding sections return to earlier sections, suggest a corruption of the message, interpolations and insertion of text into a Sanskrit manuscript. It may also reflect that the text is a compilation of works of different authors and time

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also has been influenced by Sanskrit. Hans Henrich et al. mention that propagation of Jainism and Buddhism into south India had its influence. Shulman mentions that although contrary to the views held by Tamil purists, modern Tamil has been significantly influenced from Sanskrit, further states that

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tradition of Hinduism. A few of these inscriptions from both traditions are verse-style in the classical Sanskrit language, while some such as the pillar inscription is written in prose and a hybridized Sanskrit language. An earlier hybrid Sanskrit inscription found on Amaravati slab is dated to the

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per verse. The Vedic Sanskrit employs fifteen metres, of which seven are common, and the most frequent are three (8-, 11- and 12-syllable lines). The Classical Sanskrit deploys both linear and non-linear metres, many of which are based on syllables and others based on diligently crafted verses based

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Sanskrit recognizes three numbers—singular, dual, and plural. The dual is a fully functioning category, used beyond naturally paired objects such as hands or eyes, extending to any collection of two. The elliptical dual is notable in the Vedic Sanskrit, according to Jamison, where a noun in the dual

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includes perfect and a marginal pluperfect. Classical Sanskrit simplifies the "present" system down to two tenses, the perfect and the imperfect, while the "aorist" stems retain the aorist tense and the "perfect" stems retain the perfect and marginal pluperfect. The classical version of the language

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order of Sanskrit sounds works along three principles: it goes from simple to complex; it goes from the back to the front of the mouth; and it groups similar sounds together. Among themselves, both the vowels and consonants are ordered according to where in the mouth they are pronounced, going from

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was not the first description of Sanskrit grammar, but it is the earliest that has survived in full, and the culmination of a long grammatical tradition that Fortson says, is "one of the intellectual wonders of the ancient world". Pāṇini cites ten scholars on the phonological and grammatical aspects

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The early Vedic form of the Sanskrit language was far less homogenous compared to the Classical Sanskrit as defined by grammarians by about the mid-1st millennium BCE. According to Richard Gombrich—an Indologist and a scholar of Sanskrit, Pāli and Buddhist Studies—the archaic Vedic Sanskrit found in

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states, for example, that much in the Prakrit languages is etymologically rooted in Sanskrit, but involves "loss of sounds" and corruptions that result from a "disregard of the grammar". Daṇḍin acknowledged that there are words and confusing structures in Prakrit that thrive independent of Sanskrit.

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Contrary to popular belief, there is an astonishing quality of creative upsurge of writing in Sanskrit today. Modern Sanskrit writing is qualitatively of such high order that it can easily be treated on par with the best of Classical Sanskrit literature, It can also easily compete with the writings

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Pali is known mainly as the language of Theravada Buddhism. ... very little is known about its origin. We do not know where it was spoken or if it originally was a spoken language at all. The ancient Ceylonese tradition says that the Buddha himself spoke Magadhi and that this language was identical

13419:

The importance of the Rigveda for the study of early Indo-Aryan historical linguistics cannot be underestimated. ... its language is ... notably similar in many respects to the most archaic poetic texts of related language families, the Old Avestan Gathas and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, respectively

13373:

The term 'Epic Sanskrit' refers to the language of the two great Sanskrit epics, the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa. ... It is likely, therefore, that the epic-like elements found in Vedic sources and the two epics that we have are not directly related, but that both drew on the same source, an oral

12298:

Quote: "What this data tells us is that it is very difficult to believe the notion that Jhiri is a "Sanskrit village" where everyone only speaks fluent Sanskrit at a mother tongue level. It is also difficult to accept that the lingua franca of the rural masses is Sanskrit, when most the majority of

12007:

Finally, after this transitional period in the fourth and early fifth centuries CE, Prakrit fell out of use completely in southern Indian inscriptions. For the next few centuries Sanskrit was the sole epigraphic language, until the regional Dravidian languages began to come into use around the

10909:

in London, England, offer Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. Since September 2009, US high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated

9958:

There has been a profound influence of Sanskrit on the lexical and grammatical systems of Dravidian languages. As per Dalby, India has been a single cultural area for about two millennia which has helped Sanskrit influence on all the Indic languages. Emeneau and Burrow mention the tendency "for all

9019:

prototype, spread and ultimately evolved into Mon-Burmese, Khmer, Thai, Lao, Sumatran, Celebes, Javanese and Balinese scripts. From about the 5th century, Sanskrit inscriptions become common in many parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia, with significant discoveries in Nepal, Vietnam and Cambodia.

8623:

and major south Indian scripts, states Salomon, "have been and often still are used in their proper territories for writing Sanskrit". These and many Indian scripts look different to the untrained eye, but the differences between Indic scripts is "mostly superficial and they share the same phonetic

7856:

The Nagari script has been thought of as a northern Indic script for Sanskrit as well as the regional languages such as Hindi, Marathi, and Nepali. However, it has had a "supra-local" status as evidenced by 1st-millennium CE epigraphy and manuscripts discovered all over India and as far as Sri

5585:

According to Ruppel, verbs in Sanskrit express the same information as other Indo-European languages such as English. Sanskrit verbs describe an action or occurrence or state, its embedded morphology informs as to "who is doing it" (person or persons), "when it is done" (tense) and "how it is done"

5498:

The basis of Sanskrit morphology is the root, states Jamison, "a morpheme bearing lexical meaning". The verbal and nominal stems of Sanskrit words are derived from this root through the phonological vowel-gradation processes, the addition of affixes, verbal and nominal stems. It then adds an ending

2334:

The Sanskrit language's historic presence is attested across a wide geography beyond South Asia. Inscriptions and literary evidence suggests that Sanskrit language was already being adopted in Southeast Asia and Central Asia in the 1st millennium CE, through monks, religious pilgrims and merchants.

2280:

Vedic Sanskrit belongs to the early Old Indo-Aryan stage, while Classical Sanskrit to the later Old Indo-Aryan stage. The evidence for Prakrits such as Pali (Theravada Buddhism) and Ardhamagadhi (Jainism), along with Magadhi, Maharashtri, Sinhala, Sauraseni and Niya (Gandhari), emerge in the Middle

2142:

Scholars maintain that the Sanskrit language did not die, but rather only declined. Jurgen Hanneder disagrees with Pollock, finding his arguments elegant but "often arbitrary". According to Hanneder, a decline or regional absence of creative and innovative literature constitutes a negative evidence

2116:

With the fall of Kashmir around the 13th century, a premier center of Sanskrit literary creativity, Sanskrit literature there disappeared, perhaps in the "fires that periodically engulfed the capital of Kashmir" or the "Mongol invasion of 1320" states Pollock. The Sanskrit literature which was once

13153:

If in 'Sanskrit' we include the Vedic language and all dialects of the Old Indian period, then it is true to say that all the Prakrits are derived from Sanskrit. If on the other hand 'Sanskrit' is used more strictly of the Panini-Patanjali language or 'Classical Sanskrit,' then it is untrue to say

13068:

Once Sanskrit emerged from the sacerdotal environment ... it became the sole medium by which ruling elites expressed their power ... Sanskrit probably never functioned as an everyday medium of communication anywhere in the cosmopolis—not in South Asia itself, let alone Southeast Asia ... The work

12088:

Examples of phonetically imported Sanskrit words in Chinese include samgha (Chinese: seng), bhiksuni (ni), kasaya (jiasha), namo or namas (namo), and nirvana (niepan). The list of phonetically transcribed and semantically translated words from Sanskrit into Chinese is substantial, states Xiangdong

10161:

such as Chinese, state William Wang and Chaofen Sun. Many words have been adopted from Sanskrit into Chinese, both in its historic religious discourse and everyday use. This process likely started about 200 CE and continued through about 1400 CE, with the efforts of monks such as Yuezhi,

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George mentions that "No other Dravidian language has been so deeply influenced by Sanskrit as Malayalam". According to Lambert, Malayalam is so immensely Sanskritised that every Sanskrit word can be used in Malayalam by integrating "prosodic phonological" changes as per Grant. Loanwords have been

9042:

The Vedic literature that survives is entirely of a religious form, whereas works in Classical Sanskrit exist in a wide variety of fields including epics, lyric, drama, romance, fairytale, fables, grammar, civil and religious law, the science of politics and practical life, the science of love and

6170:

preserved the extensive Vedic and Classical Sanskrit literature. Other scholars such as Jack Goody argue that the Vedic Sanskrit texts are not the product of an oral society, basing this view by comparing inconsistencies in the transmitted versions of literature from various oral societies such as

2296:

There is an extensive overlap in the vocabulary, phonetics and other aspects of these New Indo-Aryan languages with Sanskrit, but it is neither universal nor identical across the languages. They likely emerged from a synthesis of the ancient Sanskrit language traditions and an admixture of various

2147:

On a more public level the statement that Sanskrit is a dead language is misleading, for Sanskrit is quite obviously not as dead as other dead languages and the fact that it is spoken, written and read will probably convince most people that it cannot be a dead language in the most common usage of

1724:

Colonial era scholars questioned whether Sanskrit was ever a spoken language, or just a literary language. Scholars disagree in their answers. A section of Western scholars state that Sanskrit was never a spoken language, while others and particularly most Indian scholars state the opposite. Those

1593:

rules but retained various aspects of the Vedic language, while adding rigor and flexibilities, so that it had sufficient means to express thoughts as well as being "capable of responding to the future increasing demands of an infinitely diversified literature", according to Renou. Pāṇini included

1399:

Treaty" between the ancient Hittite and Mitanni people, carved into a rock, in a region that now includes parts of Syria and Turkey. Parts of this treaty, such as the names of the Mitanni princes and technical terms related to horse training, for reasons not understood, are in early forms of Vedic

1301:

The pre-history of Indo-Aryan languages which preceded Vedic Sanskrit is unclear and various hypotheses place it over a fairly wide limit. According to Thomas Burrow, based on the relationship between various Indo-European languages, the origin of all these languages may possibly be in what is now

12545:

In the history of Indo-Aryan, writing was a later development and its adoption has been slow even in modern times. The first written word comes to us through Asokan inscriptions dating back to the third century BC. Originally, Brahmi was used to write Prakrit (MIA); for Sanskrit (OIA) it was used

12331:

Quote: "Consider the example of this faith-based development narrative that has evolved over the past decade in the state of Uttarakhand. In 2010, Sanskrit became the state's second official language. ... Recently, an updated policy has increased this top-down imposition of language shift, toward

6117:

The metre-feature of the Sanskrit language embeds another layer of communication to the listener or reader. A change in metres has been a tool of literary architecture and an embedded code to inform the reciter and audience that it marks the end of a section or chapter. Each section or chapter of

4086:

Regarding the palatal plosives, the pronunciation is a matter of debate. In contemporary attestation, the palatal plosives are a regular series of palatal stops, supported by most Sanskrit sandhi rules. However, the reflexes in descendant languages, as well as a few of the sandhi rules regarding

3099:

According to Masica, Sanskrit has four traditional semivowels, with which were classed, "for morphophonemic reasons, the liquids: y, r, l, and v; that is, as y and v were the non-syllabics corresponding to i, u, so were r, l in relation to r̥ and l̥". The northwestern, the central and the eastern

1840:

on Sanskrit. Hart compared Old Tamil and Classical Sanskrit to arrive at a conclusion that there was a common language from which these features both derived – "that both Tamil and Sanskrit derived their shared conventions, metres, and techniques from a common source, for it is clear that neither

1616:

was among the early colonial era scholars who summarized some of the differences between the Vedic and Classical Sanskrit. Louis Renou published in 1956, in French, a more extensive discussion of the similarities, the differences and the evolution of the Vedic Sanskrit within the Vedic period and

1604:

The phonetic differences between Vedic Sanskrit and Classical Sanskrit, as discerned from the current state of the surviving literature, are negligible when compared to the intense change that must have occurred in the pre-Vedic period between the Proto-Indo-Aryan language and Vedic Sanskrit. The

11988:

According to Salomon, towards the end of pre-Christian era, "a smattering" of standard or nearly standard Sanskrit inscriptions came into vogue, and "we may assume that these are isolated survivals of what must have been then an increasingly common practice". He adds, that the Scythian rulers of

10802:

of India (CBSE), along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to

6293:

The Brahmi script evolved into "a vast number of forms and derivatives", states Richard Salomon, and in theory, Sanskrit "can be represented in virtually any of the main Brahmi-based scripts and in practice it often is". From the ancient times, it has been written in numerous regional scripts in

6226:

and the Brahmi derivatives. The Kharosthi was used in the northwestern part of South Asia and it became extinct, while the Brahmi was used all over the subcontinent along with regional scripts such as Old Tamil. Of these, the earliest records in the Sanskrit language are in Brahmi, a script that

5978:

The Sanskrit language incorporates three genders: feminine, masculine and neuter. All nouns have inherent gender. With some exceptions, personal pronouns have no gender. Exceptions include demonstrative and anaphoric pronouns. Derivation of a word is used to express the feminine. Two most common

5699:

Stems, that is "root + affix", appear in two categories in Sanskrit: vowel stems and consonant stems. Unlike some Indo-European languages such as Latin or Greek, according to Jamison, "Sanskrit has no closed set of conventionally denoted noun declensions". Sanskrit includes a fairly large set of

2062:

The Sanskrit language created a pan-Indo-Aryan accessibility to information and knowledge in the ancient and medieval times, in contrast to the Prakrit languages which were understood just regionally. It created a cultural bond across the subcontinent. As local languages and dialects evolved and

1849:

A sentence in a Dravidian language like Tamil or Kannada becomes ordinarily good Bengali or Hindi by substituting Bengali or Hindi equivalents for the Dravidian words and forms, without modifying the word order; but the same thing is not possible in rendering a Persian or English sentence into a

1835:

Reinöhl mentions that not only have the Dravidian languages borrowed from Sanskrit vocabulary, but they have also affected Sanskrit on deeper levels of structure, "for instance in the domain of phonology where Indo-Aryan retroflexes have been attributed to Dravidian influence". Similarly, Ferenc

1356:

The Ṛg-veda is a collection of books, created by multiple authors. These authors represented different generations, and the mandalas 2 to 7 are the oldest while the mandalas 1 and 10 are relatively the youngest. Yet, the Vedic Sanskrit in these books of the Ṛg-veda "hardly presents any

775:

onwards, state Annette Wilke and Oliver Moebus, resonating sound and its musical foundations attracted an "exceptionally large amount of linguistic, philosophical and religious literature" in India. Sound was visualized as "pervading all creation", another representation of the world itself; the

8990:

was the turning point when the classical Sanskrit language became established as the "epigraphic language par excellence" of the Indian world. These Sanskrit language inscriptions are either "donative" or "panegyric" records. Generally in accurate classical Sanskrit, they deploy a wide range of

1566:

Pāṇini's comprehensive and scientific theory of grammar is conventionally taken to mark the start of Classical Sanskrit. His systematic treatise inspired and made Sanskrit the preeminent Indian language of learning and literature for two millennia. It is unclear whether Pāṇini himself wrote his

13486:

The Eighth Schedule recognizes India's national languages as including the major regional languages as well as others, such as Sanskrit and Urdu, which contribute to India's cultural heritage. ... The original list of fourteen languages in the Eighth Schedule at the time of the adoption of the

11942:

Sanskrit and the Prakrits, at different times and places were written in a vast number of forms and derivatives of Brahmi. In the premodern period, in other words, these languages would be written by a given scribe in whatever happened to be the current local script ... – Richard Salomon,

9046:

While Vedic literature is essentially optimistic in spirit, portraying man as strong and powerful capable of finding fulfilment both here and in the afterworld, the later literature is pessimistic, portraying humans as controlled by the forces of fate with worldly pleasures deemed the cause of

8994:

The evidence of the use of the Sanskrit language in Indic writing systems appears in southeast Asia in the first half of the 1st millennium CE. A few of these in Vietnam are bilingual where both the Sanskrit and the local language is written in the Indian alphabet. Early Sanskrit language

5735:

Sanskrit morphology is generally studied in two broad fundamental categories: the nominal forms and the verbal forms. These differ in the types of endings and what these endings mark in the grammatical context. Pronouns and nouns share the same grammatical categories, though they may differ in

1767:

According to Sanskrit linguist professor Madhav Deshpande, Sanskrit was a spoken language in a colloquial form by the mid-1st millennium BCE which coexisted with a more formal, grammatically correct form of literary Sanskrit. This, states Deshpande, is true for modern languages where

12373:

Sanskrit is also the only scheduled language that shows wide fluctuations — rising from 6,106 speakers in 1981 to 49,736 in 1991 and then falling dramatically to 14,135 speakers in 2001. "This fluctuation is not necessarily an error of the Census method. People often switch language

10955:

The 18th- and 19th-century speculations about the possible links of Sanskrit to ancient Egyptian language were later proven to be wrong, but it fed an orientalist discourse both in the form Indophobia and Indophilia, states Trautmann. Sanskrit writings, when first discovered, were imagined by

6289:

The Brahmi script for writing Sanskrit is a "modified consonant-syllabic" script. The graphic syllable is its basic unit, and this consists of a consonant with or without diacritic modifications. Since the vowel is an integral part of the consonants, and given the efficiently compacted, fused

6045:

Sanskrit prosody includes linear and non-linear systems. The system started off with seven major metres, according to Annette Wilke and Oliver Moebus, called the "seven birds" or "seven mouths of Brihaspati", and each had its own rhythm, movements and aesthetics wherein a non-linear structure

2338:

South Asia has been the geographic range of the largest collection of the ancient and pre-18th-century Sanskrit manuscripts and inscriptions. Beyond ancient India, significant collections of Sanskrit manuscripts and inscriptions have been found in China (particularly the Tibetan monasteries),

1931:

Though developed and nurtured by scholars of orthodox schools of Hinduism, Sanskrit has been the language for some of the key literary works and theology of heterodox schools of Indian philosophies such as Buddhism and Jainism. The structure and capabilities of the Classical Sanskrit language

1609:

rules, both internal and external. Quite many words found in the early Vedic Sanskrit language are never found in late Vedic Sanskrit or Classical Sanskrit literature, while some words have different and new meanings in Classical Sanskrit when contextually compared to the early Vedic Sanskrit

13342:

The story of the growth of arithmetic from the ancient inheritance to the wealth passed on to the Renaissance is dramatic and passes through several cultures. The most groundbreaking achievement was the evolution of a positional number system, in which the position of a digit within a number

13196:

It consists of 1,028 hymns (suktas), highly crafted poetic compositions originally intended for recital during rituals and for the invocation of and communication with the Indo-Aryan gods. Modern scholarly opinion largely agrees that these hymns were composed between around 1500 BCE and

12870:

The earliest form of this 'oldest' language, Sanskrit, is the one found in the ancient Brahmanic text called the Rigveda, composed c. 1500 BCE. The date makes Sanskrit one of the three earliest of the well-documented languages of the Indo-European family – the other two being Old Hittite and

5695:

The Sanskrit words can contain more than one affix that interact with each other. Affixes in Sanskrit can be athematic as well as thematic, according to Jamison. Athematic affixes can be alternating. Sanskrit deploys eight cases, namely nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative,

5499:

to establish the grammatical and syntactic identity of the stem. According to Jamison, the "three major formal elements of the morphology are (i) root, (ii) affix, and (iii) ending; and they are roughly responsible for (i) lexical meaning, (ii) derivation, and (iii) inflection respectively".

2405:

Sanskrit shares many Proto-Indo-European phonological features, although it features a larger inventory of distinct phonemes. The consonantal system is the same, though it systematically enlarged the inventory of distinct sounds. For example, Sanskrit added a voiceless aspirated "tʰ", to the

2276:

errors. Sanskrit and Prakrit languages may be divided into Old Indo-Aryan (1500 BCE – 600 BCE), Middle Indo-Aryan (600 BCE – 1000 CE) and New Indo-Aryan (1000 CE – present), each can further be subdivided into early, middle or second, and late evolutionary substages.

1866:

in Tamil) shaped the usage of the Sanskrit nonfinite verbs (originally derived from inflected forms of action nouns in Vedic). This particularly salient case of the possible influence of Dravidian on Sanskrit is only one of many items of syntactic assimilation, not least among them the large

1796:

and many other texts are all in the Sanskrit language. The Classical Sanskrit with its exacting grammar was thus the language of the Indian scholars and the educated classes, while others communicated with approximate or ungrammatical variants of it as well as other natural Indian languages.

1605:

noticeable differences between the Vedic and the Classical Sanskrit include the much-expanded grammar and grammatical categories as well as the differences in the accent, the semantics and the syntax. There are also some differences between how some of the nouns and verbs end, as well as the

12968:

Although the collapse of the Indus valley civilization is no longer believed to have been due to an 'Aryan invasion' it is widely thought that, at roughly the same time, or perhaps a few centuries later, new Indo-Aryan-speaking people and influences began to enter the subcontinent from the

6118:

these texts uses identical metres, rhythmically presenting their ideas and making it easier to remember, recall and check for accuracy. Authors coded a hymn's end by frequently using a verse of a metre different from that used in the hymn's body. However, Hindu tradition does not use the

4135:

While the Sanskrit language organizes sounds for expression beyond those found in the PIE language, it retained many features found in the Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages. An example of a similar process in all three is the retroflex sibilant ʂ being the automatic product of dental s

12040:'The style of the works is more simple and spontaneous while that of the later works abounds in puns, conceits and long compounds. Rhetorical ornaments are more and more copious and complex and the rules of Poetic and Grammar more and more rigidly observed as time advances.' – Iyengar, 4365:

will give some indication of the variation that is encountered. When Sanskrit was a spoken language, its pronunciation varied regionally and also over time. Nonetheless, Panini described the sound system of Sanskrit well enough that people have a fairly good idea of what he intended.

10112:

Sanskrit was a language for religious purposes and for the political elite in parts of medieval era Southeast Asia, Central Asia and East Asia, having been introduced in these regions mainly along with the spread of Buddhism. In some cases, it has competed with Pāli for prominence.

1874:

tribes had not yet made contact with the inhabitants of the South of the subcontinent, this suggests a significant presence of Dravidian speakers in North India (the central Gangetic plain and the classical Madhyadeśa) who were instrumental in this substratal influence on Sanskrit.

5679:

While roots are typical in Sanskrit, some words do not follow the canonical structure. A few forms lack both inflection and root. Many words are inflected (and can enter into derivation) but lack a recognizable root. Examples from the basic vocabulary include kinship terms such as

10980:. As these scholars translated the Sanskrit manuscripts, the enthusiasm for Sanskrit grew rapidly among European scholars, states Trautmann, and chairs for Sanskrit "were established in the universities of nearly every German statelet" creating a competition for Sanskrit experts. 1588:

The Classical Sanskrit language formalized by Pāṇini, states Renou, is "not an impoverished language", rather it is "a controlled and a restrained language from which archaisms and unnecessary formal alternatives were excluded". The Classical form of the language simplified the

9038:

Literature in Sanskrit can be broadly divided into texts composed in Vedic Sanskrit and the later Classical Sanskrit. Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the extensive liturgical works of the Vedic religion, which aside from the four Vedas, include the Brāhmaṇas and the Sūtras.

5586:(mood, voice). The Indo-European languages differ in the detail. For example, the Sanskrit language attaches the affixes and ending to the verb root, while the English language adds small independent words before the verb. In Sanskrit, these elements co-exist within the word. 2259:

When the British introduced English to India in the 19th century, knowledge of Sanskrit and ancient literature continued to flourish as the study of Sanskrit changed from a more traditional style into a form of analytical and comparative scholarship mirroring that of Europe.

5949:

has elaborate rules for both voice and the tense-aspect system to emphasize clarity, and this is more elaborate than in other Indo-European languages. The evolution of these systems can be seen from the earliest layers of the Vedic literature to the late Vedic literature.

4292: 1687:

but which are found in the regional Prakrit languages, which makes it likely that the interaction, the sharing of words and ideas began early in the Indian history. As the Indian thought diversified and challenged earlier beliefs of Hinduism, particularly in the form of

626:

which was used in northern India between 400 BCE and 300 CE, and roughly contemporary with classical Sanskrit. In the following centuries, Sanskrit became tradition-bound, stopped being learned as a first language, and ultimately stopped developing as a living language.

4293: 1997:, the Sanskrit language is a parent language that is at the foundation of many modern languages of India and the one that promoted Indian thought to other distant countries. In Tibetan Buddhism, states the Dalai Lama, Sanskrit language has been a revered one and called 1844:

Reinöhl further states that there is a symmetric relationship between Dravidian languages like Kannada or Tamil, with Indo-Aryan languages like Bengali or Hindi, whereas the same relationship is not found for non-Indo-Aryan languages, for example, Persian or English:

5736:

inflection. Verb-based adjectives and participles are not formally distinct from nouns. Adverbs are typically frozen case forms of adjectives, states Jamison, and "nonfinite verbal forms such as infinitives and gerunds also clearly show frozen nominal case endings".

4294: 4291: 5987:(ई, Rukmīnī). The masculine and neuter are much simpler, and the difference between them is primarily inflectional. Similar affixes for the feminine are found in many Indo-European languages, states Burrow, suggesting links of the Sanskrit to its PIE heritage. 1836:

Ruzca states that all the major shifts in Indo-Aryan phonetics over two millennia can be attributed to the constant influence of a Dravidian language with a similar phonetic structure to Tamil. Hock et al. quoting George Hart state that there was influence of

1496:

had already evolved in the Vedic period, as evidenced in the later Vedic literature. Gombrich posits that the language in the early Upanishads of Hinduism and the late Vedic literature approaches Classical Sanskrit, while the archaic Vedic Sanskrit had by the

13017:

changed through the beginning of the Iron Age in South Asia, which started in the Northwest (Punjab) around 1000 BCE. On the basis of comparative philological evidence, Witzel has suggested a five-stage periodization of Vedic civilization, beginning with the

8806:. There are many other Mathura Sanskrit inscriptions in Brahmi script overlapping the era of Indo-Scythian Northern Satraps and early Kushanas. Other significant 1st-century inscriptions in reasonably good classical Sanskrit in the Brahmi script include the 23039: 6179:

is the term in Sanskrit which means "writing, letters, alphabet". It contextually refers to scripts, the art or any manner of writing or drawing. The term, in the sense of a writing system, appears in some of the earliest Buddhist, Hindu, and Jaina texts.

3108:

Sanskrit possesses a symmetric consonantal phoneme structure based on how the sound is articulated, though the actual usage of these sounds conceals the lack of parallelism in the apparent symmetry possibly from historical changes within the language.

2281:

Indo-Aryan stage in two versions—archaic and more formalized—that may be placed in early and middle substages of the 600 BCE – 1000 CE period. Two literary Indo-Aryan languages can be traced to the late Middle Indo-Aryan stage and these are

2272:—a linguist specializing in South Asian languages. A part of the difficulty is the lack of sufficient textual, archaeological and epigraphical evidence for the ancient Prakrit languages with rare exceptions such as Pali, leading to a tendency toward 1768:

colloquial incorrect approximations and dialects of a language are spoken and understood, along with more "refined, sophisticated and grammatically accurate" forms of the same language being found in the literary works. The Indian tradition, states

10922:. Other schools that offer Sanskrit include the Ficino School in Auckland, New Zealand; St James Preparatory Schools in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg, South Africa; John Colet School, Sydney, Australia; Erasmus School, Melbourne, Australia. 10570:

Many Hindu rituals and rites-of-passage such as the "giving away the bride" and mutual vows at weddings, a baby's naming or first solid food ceremony and the goodbye during a cremation invoke and chant Sanskrit hymns. Major festivals such as the

1729:

that preserved the vast number of Sanskrit manuscripts from ancient India. Secondly, they state that the textual evidence in the works of Yaksa, Panini and Patanajali affirms that the Classical Sanskrit in their era was a language that is spoken

1600:

framework, to respect liberty and creativity so that individual writers separated by geography or time would have the choice to express facts and their views in their own way, where tradition followed competitive forms of the Sanskrit language.

9015:(Indonesia). Both major writing systems for Sanskrit, the North Indian and South Indian scripts, have been discovered in southeast Asia, but the Southern variety with its rounded shapes are far more common. The Indic scripts, particularly the 6299: 10971:

who helped expand its studies to Paris and thereafter his student Friedrich Schlegel who introduced Sanskrit to the universities of Germany. Schlegel nurtured his own students into influential European Sanskrit scholars, particularly through

6171:

the Greek (Greco-Sanskrit), Serbian, and other cultures. This minority of scholars argue that the Vedic literature is too consistent and vast to have been composed and transmitted orally across generations, without having been written down.

1388:

According to Michael Witzel, Vedic Sanskrit was a spoken language of the semi-nomadic Aryans who temporarily settled in one place, maintained cattle herds, practiced limited agriculture, and after some time moved by wagon trains they called

10791:. Sanskrit is taught in 5,000 traditional schools (Pathashalas), and 14,000 schools in India, where there are also 22 colleges and universities dedicated to the exclusive study of the language. Sanskrit is one of the 22 2241:

of historical rupture" by Pollock are not valid, that there is ample proof that Sanskrit was very much alive in the narrow confines of surviving Hindu kingdoms between the 13th and 18th centuries, and its reverence and tradition continues.

10608:

More than 3,000 Sanskrit works have been composed since India's independence in 1947. Much of this work has been judged of high quality, in comparison to both classical Sanskrit literature and modern literature in other Indian languages.

8887: 4321:

Sanskrit grants a very flexible syllable structure, where they may begin or end with vowels, be single consonants or clusters. Similarly, the syllable may have an internal vowel of any weight. Vedic Sanskrit shows traces of following the

2201: 6166:(3rd/2nd millennium BCE), but this script – if it is a script – remains undeciphered. If any scripts existed in the Vedic period, they have not survived. Scholars generally accept that Sanskrit was spoken in an oral society, and that an 1885:

Extant manuscripts in Sanskrit number over 30 million, one hundred times those in Greek and Latin combined, constituting the largest cultural heritage that any civilization has produced prior to the invention of the printing press.

7868:

The Nagari script used for Classical Sanskrit has the fullest repertoire of characters consisting of fourteen vowels and thirty three consonants. For Vedic Sanskrit, it has two more allophonic consonantal characters (the intervocalic ळ

2125:. Muslim rulers patronized the Middle Eastern language and scripts found in Persia and Arabia, and the Indians linguistically adapted to this Persianization to gain employment with the Muslim rulers. Hindu rulers such as Shivaji of the 2482:

This is one of the oldest surviving and dated palm-leaf manuscripts in Sanskrit (828 CE). Discovered in Nepal, the bottom leaf shows all the vowels and consonants of Sanskrit (the first five consonants are highlighted in blue and

1281:

theory explains the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages by proposing that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in South Asia from a region of common origin, somewhere north-west of the

5943:

The paradigm for the tense-aspect system in Sanskrit is the three-way contrast between the "present", the "aorist" and the "perfect" architecture. Vedic Sanskrit is more elaborate and had several additional tenses. For example, the

4254:

is same as the lengthened-state. The qualitative ablaut is not found in Sanskrit just like it is absent in Iranian, but Sanskrit retains quantitative ablaut through vowel strengthening. The transformations between unstrengthened to

8818:

which may be Jaina, but none are Buddhist. A few of the later inscriptions from the 2nd century CE include Buddhist Sanskrit, while others are in "more or less" standard Sanskrit and related to the Brahmanical tradition.

2329:

Sanskrit language's historical presence has been attested in many countries. The evidence includes manuscript pages and inscriptions discovered in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia. These have been dated between 300 and

4290: 12597:

have been and often still are used in their proper territories for writing Sanskrit. Sanskrit, in other words, is not inherently linked to any particular script, although it does have a special historical connection with Nagari.

2479: 1952:

and Mahavastu, in their late Hinayana forms, used hybrid Sanskrit for their literature. Sanskrit was also the language of some of the oldest surviving, authoritative and much followed philosophical works of Jainism such as the

1984:

The Sanskrit language has been one of the major means for the transmission of knowledge and ideas in Asian history. Indian texts in Sanskrit were already in China by 402 CE, carried by the influential Buddhist pilgrim

2293:). Numerous North, Central, Eastern and Western Indian languages, such as Hindi, Gujarati, Sindhi, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Nepali, Braj, Awadhi, Bengali, Assamese, Oriya, Marathi, and others belong to the New Indo-Aryan stage. 15490: 12408:

In subsequent centuries, Sanskrit ceased to be learnt as a native language, and eventually ceased to develop as living languages do, becoming increasingly fixed according to the prescriptions of the grammatical tradition.

1567:

treatise or he orally created the detailed and sophisticated treatise then transmitted it through his students. Modern scholarship generally accepts that he knew of a form of writing, based on references to words such as

10446:). The name of the environmental award given to cities throughout Indonesia by the central government is also taken from Sanskrit known as the "Adipura" award, namely from the words "Adi" (which means "role model") and " 2108:

Sanskrit declined starting about and after the 13th century. This coincides with the beginning of Islamic invasions of South Asia to create, and thereafter expand the Muslim rule in the form of Sultanates, and later the

4097:

was a marginal phoneme in Sanskrit, hence its phonology is more difficult to reconstruct; it was more commonly employed in the Middle Indo-Aryan languages as a result of phonological processes resulting in the phoneme.

12546:

only four centuries later (Masica 1991: 135). The MIA traditions of Buddhist and Jain texts show greater regard for the written word than the OIA Brahminical tradition, though writing was available to Old Indo-Aryans.

6102:

Metre and rhythm is an important part of the Sanskrit language. It may have played a role in helping preserve the integrity of the message and Sanskrit texts. The verse perfection in the Vedic texts such as the verse

5969:

There are three persons in Sanskrit: first, second and third. Sanskrit uses the 3×3 grid formed by the three numbers and the three persons parameters as the paradigm and the basic building block of its verbal system.

2168: 12789: 6227:

later evolved into numerous related Indic scripts for Sanskrit, along with Southeast Asian scripts (Burmese, Thai, Lao, Khmer, others) and many extinct Central Asian scripts such as those discovered along with the

569:, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. 10029:

Hans Henrich et al. note that, the language of the pre-modern Telugu literature was also highly influenced by Sanskrit and was standardized between 11th and 14th centuries. Aiyar has shown that in a class of

658:

of exceptional complexity, rigour and fidelity, as a single text without variant readings, its preserved archaic syntax and morphology are of vital importance in the reconstruction of the common ancestor language

11432:"The Sanskrit grammatical tradition is also the ultimate source of the notion of zero, which, once adopted in the Arabic system of numerals, allowed us to transcend the cumbersome notations of Roman arithmetic." 2148:

the term. Pollock's notion of the "death of Sanskrit" remains in this unclear realm between academia and public opinion when he says that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead."

17741: 1451:

The Vedic Sanskrit found in the Ṛg-veda is distinctly more archaic than other Vedic texts, and in many respects, the Rigvedic language is notably more similar to those found in the archaic texts of Old Avestan

10422:, the pronunciation of Sanskrit names in Indonesia is more similar to the original Indian pronunciation, except that "v" is changed to "w", for example, "Vishnu" in India will be spelled "Wisnu" in Indonesia. 6113:

texts are rich in prosody. This feature of the Sanskrit language led some Indologists from the 19th century onwards to identify suspected portions of texts where a line or sections are off the expected metre.

2301:– such as Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, and Punjabi – are descendants of the Sanskrit language. Sanskrit, states Burjor Avari, can be described as "the mother language of almost all the languages of north India". 1920:, technical and others. It is the predominant language of one of the largest collection of historic manuscripts. The earliest known inscriptions in Sanskrit are from the 1st century BCE, such as the 6206:

that the Buddha knew as a child, with the Brahmi script topping the list. "The historical value of this list is however limited by several factors", states Salomon. The list may be a later interpolation. The

2251:

and Sally Sutherland, Sanskrit is neither "dead" nor "living" in the conventional sense. It is a special, timeless language that lives in the numerous manuscripts, daily chants, and ceremonial recitations, a

23049: 23229:

A Companion to Sanskrit Literature: Spanning a period of over three thousand years, containing brief accounts of authors, works, characters, technical terms, geographical names, myths, legends, and several

21392:

In chapter 18, Shi Xiangdong makes it clear that the influence of Buddhist Sanskrit on the Chinese language has been considerable. Many words have crossed the line from religious discourse to everyday

5990:

Pronouns in Sanskrit include the personal pronouns of the first and second persons, unmarked for gender, and a larger number of gender-distinguishing pronouns and adjectives. Examples of the former include

10429:

to a great extent. Many words in Indonesian are taken from Sanskrit, for example from the word "language" (bhāṣa) itself comes from Sanskrit which means: "talking accent". In fact, names of cities such as

8969:

inscriptions are the earliest known substantial South Indian Sanskrit inscriptions, probably from the late 3rd century or early 4th century CE, or both. These inscriptions are related to Buddhism and the

2143:

to Pollock's hypothesis, but it is not positive evidence. A closer look at Sanskrit in the Indian history after the 12th century suggests that Sanskrit survived despite the odds. According to Hanneder,

12031:"Since the Renaissance there has been no event of such worldwide significance in the history of culture as the discovery of Sanskrit literature in the latter part of the eighteenth century" – Macdonell 5692:(dog). According to Jamison, pronouns and some words outside the semantic categories also lack roots, as do the numerals. Similarly, the Sanskrit language is flexible enough to not mandate inflection. 1677:) continued to evolve. Sanskrit co-existed with numerous other Prakrit languages of ancient India. The Prakrit languages of India also have ancient roots and some Sanskrit scholars have called these 565:

in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and

22935: 4288: 19034:

Under different teachers, such as the Brahmin Lipikara and Deva Vidyasinha, he mastered Indian philology and scripts. According to Lalitavistara, there were as many as sixty-four scripts in India.

9209:

Subhāṣitas, Nīti·śataka, Bodhicary'âvatāra, Śṛṅgāra·jñāna·nirṇaya, Kalā·vilāsa, Catur·varga·saṅgraha, Nīti·mañjari, Mugdh'ôpadeśa, Subhāṣita·ratna·sandoha, Yoga·śāstra, Śṛṅgāra·vairāgya·taraṅgiṇī

9047:

misery. These fundamental differences in psychology are attributed to the absence of the doctrines of Karma and reincarnation in the Vedic period, notions which are very prevalent in later times.

6032:. By the late Vedic era, this developed into a field of study; it was central to the composition of the Hindu literature, including the later Vedic texts. This study of Sanskrit prosody is called 8720:, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of 17767: 10360: 1870:

The main influence of Dravidian on Sanskrit is found to have been concentrated in the timespan between the late Vedic period and the crystallization of Classical Sanskrit. As in this period the

28949: 22675: 5966:(literally, "the two mothers" for mother-and-father). A verb may be singular, dual or plural, while the person recognized in the language are forms of "I", "you", "he/she/it", "we" and "they". 28814: 13749: 13154:

that any Prakrit is derived from Sanskrit, except that Sauraseni, the Midland Prakrit, is derived from the Old Indian dialect of the Madhyadesa on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based.

12871:

Myceanaean Greek – and, in keeping with its early appearance, Sanskrit has been a cornerstone in the reconstruction of the parent language of the Indo-European family – Proto-Indo-European.

1475:

lack simile entirely, and it is rare in the later version of the language. The Homerian Greek, like Ṛg-vedic Sanskrit, deploys simile extensively, but they are structurally very different.

819:

text. The early Jain scholar Namisādhu acknowledged the difference, but disagreed that the Prakrit language was a corruption of Sanskrit. Namisādhu stated that the Prakrit language was the

588:

and into northwestern India. Vedic Sanskrit interacted with the preexisting ancient languages of the subcontinent, absorbing names of newly encountered plants and animals; in addition, the

22966: 9975:

items in Kannada but also on "long nominal compounds and complicated syntactic expressions". New words have been created in Kannada using Sanskrit derivational prefixes and suffixes like

9723:

such as Greek and Latin, later Sanskrit shows a tendency to move away from using verbal forms to nominal ones. Examples of nominal forms taking the place of conventional conjugation are:

4265:

is a particularly significant rule when adjectives of origin and appurtenance are derived. The manner in which this is done slightly differs between the Vedic and the Classical Sanskrit.

1025:

Colonial era scholars familiar with Latin and Greek were struck by the resemblance of the Sanskrit language, both in its vocabulary and grammar, to the classical languages of Europe. In

10494:

In ancient and medieval times, several Sanskrit words in the field of food and spices made their way into European languages including Greek, Latin and later English. Some of these are

10736:. These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR's website. Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 am IST. 22999: 9417:

is inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Over time however, the language exhibits a tendency to shed many of these inherited words and borrow others in their place from other sources.

4289: 13229:

The Vedas were composed (roughly between 1500-1200 and 500 BCE) in parts of present-day Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northern India. The oldest text at our disposal is the

12453:

The study of any ancient (or dead) language is faced with one main challenge: ancient languages have no native speakers who could provide us with examples of simple everyday speech

4244:

in the preconsonantal versions. There is an equivalence to terms deployed in Indo-European descriptive grammars, wherein Sanskrit's unstrengthened state is same as the zero-grade,

20560:

Spanning a period of over three thousand years; containing brief accounts of authors, works, characters, technical terms, geographical names, myths, legends, several appendices.

14406:

Sanskrit Computational Linguistics: First and Second International Symposia Rocquencourt, France, October 29–31, 2007 Providence, RI, USA, May 15–17, 2008, Revised Selected Papers

12138:

The Bhagawad Gita, an intensely spiritual work, that forms one of the cornerstones of the Hindu faith, and is also one of the masterpieces of Sanskrit poetry. (from the backcover)

2117:

widely disseminated out of the northwest regions of the subcontinent, stopped after the 12th century. As Hindu kingdoms fell in the eastern and the South India, such as the great

15482: 4174:

rules recommend regressive assimilation for clarity when they are voiced. These rules ordinarily apply at compound seams and morpheme boundaries. In Vedic Sanskrit, the external

10450:" (which means "city") literally "A role model city" or "a city worthy of being an example". Sanskrit terms are also widely used in numerous government institutions such as the 10073:"Indeed there may well be more Sanskrit in Tamil than in the Sanskrit derived north-Indian vernaculars". Sanskrit words have been Tamilized through the "Tamil phonematic grid". 10792: 1708:, a scholar of Jainism, these ancient Prakrit languages had "roughly the same relationship to Sanskrit as medieval Italian does to Latin". The Indian tradition states that the 24765:. ICWET '11: Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. p. 641. 22228: 5665:

These elements of word architecture are the typical building blocks in Classical Sanskrit, but in Vedic Sanskrit these elements fluctuate and are unclear. For example, in the

1526:('Eight-Chapter Grammar'). The century in which he lived is unclear and debated, but his work is generally accepted to be from sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. 22019: 4170:

rules state that similar short vowels coalesce into a single long vowel, while dissimilar vowels form glides or undergo diphthongization. Among the consonants, most external

24030: 21679: 22471: 12780: 9788:

However the most notable development is the prolific use of word-compounding to express ideas normally conveyed by verbal forms and subclauses introduced by conjunctions.

11866:

A version of this list of sixty-four ancient Indian scripts is found in the Chinese translation of an Indian Buddhist text, and this translation has been dated to 308 CE.

23193: 22510: 9883:', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. 7845:

Many modern era manuscripts are written and available in the Nagari script, whose form is attestable to the 1st millennium CE. The Nagari script is the ancestor of

5748:

and past perfect. It outlines three types of voices: active, passive and the middle. The middle is also referred to as the mediopassive, or more formally in Sanskrit as

17725: 11148:, and there are more units and organizations in Indonesia either Armed Forces or civil which use the Sanskrit language respectively as their mottoes and other purposes. 4345:

Because Sanskrit is not anyone's native language, it does not have a fixed pronunciation. People tend to pronounce it as they do their native language. The articles on

22441: 12360: 10200:

Sanskrit has also influenced the religious register of Japanese mostly through transliterations. These were borrowed from Chinese transliterations. In particular, the

25181:

Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes

6235:. The most extensive inscriptions that have survived into the modern era are the rock edicts and pillar inscriptions of the 3rd century BCE Mauryan emperor 5724:, a list of 2,000 verbal roots classified by their morphology and syntactic properties using diacritic markers, a structure that guides its writing systems; and, the 21893: 19602: 19415: 17703: 17613: 17284: 16118: 15965: 15865: 15743: 15701: 15459: 15269: 14710: 14462: 12658: 12484: 1656: 19641: 16566: 16488: 16016: 14614: 14228: 13329: 12583: 12532: 12125: 11225:

includes The Hare Krishna mantra, also referred to reverentially as the Maha Mantra, a 16-word Vaishnava mantra which is mentioned in the Kali-Santarana Upanishad.

11176: 10106:

Sanskrit has had a historical presence and influence in many parts of Asia. Above (top clockwise): a Sanskrit manuscript from Turkestan, another from Miran-China.

15662: 13406: 13183: 12440: 10034:

in Telugu the first and second letters are often replaced by the third and fourth letters and fourth again replaced often by h. Examples of the same are: Sanskrit

8856: 1536:

of the Sanskrit language before him, as well as the variants in the usage of Sanskrit in different regions of India. The ten Vedic scholars he quotes are Āpiśali,

13197:

1200 BCE, during the eastward migration of the Indo-Aryan tribes from the mountains of what is today northern Afghanistan across the Punjab into north India.

10169:

Further, as the Chinese languages and culture influenced the rest of East Asia, the ideas in Sanskrit texts and some of its linguistic elements migrated further.

29198: 28801: 16939:

Hanneder, J. (2009), "Modernes Sanskrit: eine vergessene Literatur", in Straube, Martin; Steiner, Roland; Soni, Jayandra; Hahn, Michael; Demoto, Mitsuyo (eds.),

11933:" in the Brahmi script and "क" in the Devanagari script, the vowel is marked together with the consonant before as in "कि", after "का", above "के" or below "कृ". 11896:(edited by Peter Daniels), that "many scholars feel that the origins of these scripts must have gone back further than this , but there is no conclusive proof". 2508:(अ) in Sanskrit is a closer vowel than ā, equivalent to schwa. The mid vowels ē (ए) and ō (ओ) in Sanskrit are monophthongizations of the Indo-Iranian diphthongs 2121:, so did Sanskrit. There were exceptions and short periods of imperial support for Sanskrit, mostly concentrated during the reign of the tolerant Mughal emperor 9931:

words). Words originating in Sanskrit are estimated at roughly fifty percent of the vocabulary of modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as the literary forms of

30188: 11608:

is not an actual sound of Sanskrit, but rather a graphic convention included among the written vowels to maintain the symmetry of short–long pairs of letters.

23753:

Hock, Hans Henrich (1983). Kachru, Braj B (ed.). "Language-death phenomena in Sanskrit: grammatical evidence for attrition in contemporary spoken Sanskrit".

10839: 2268:

The relationship of Sanskrit to the Prakrit languages, particularly the modern form of Indian languages, is complex and spans about 3,500 years, states

600:, a refined and standardized grammatical form that emerged in the mid-1st millennium BCE and was codified in the most comprehensive of ancient grammars, the 11524:. Scharfe adds that the best evidence, at the time of his review, is that no script was used in India, aside from the Northwest Indian subcontinent, before 10193:'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the 25403: 10414:. As a result, it is common to find Muslim or Christian Indonesians with names that have Indian or Sanskrit nuances. Unlike names derived from Sanskrit in 7818: 6192:

in the context of a writing script and education system in his times, but he does not name the script. Several early Buddhist and Jaina texts, such as the

22919: 14138: 10583:

every year particularly among the numerous communities of eastern India. In the south, Sanskrit texts are recited at many major Hindu temples such as the

2325: 1752: 11458:, which perhaps no longer exists. There is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothick and the Celtick [ 5700:

stem-types. The linguistic interaction of the roots, the phonological segments, lexical items and the grammar for the Classical Sanskrit consist of four

14504:

Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī ('Eight Chapters'), Sanskrit treatise on grammar written in the 6th to 5th century BCE by the Indian grammarian Panini.

7857:

Lanka, Burma, Indonesia, and in its parent form, called the Siddhamatrka script, found in manuscripts of East Asia. The Sanskrit and Balinese languages

584:, a collection of 1,028 hymns composed between 1500 BCE and 1200 BCE by Indo-Aryan tribes migrating east from what is today Afghanistan across northern 26261: 21658:

Hobson-Jobson: Being a Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Phrases and of Kindred Terms Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive

19560: 17763: 10617: 10603: 8705: 8691: 6429: 1867:

repertoire of morphological modality and aspect that, once one knows to look for it, can be found everywhere in classical and postclassical Sanskrit".

22667: 12767:

says, 'First, my body is very subtle, second I am a monkey. Especially as a monkey, I will use here the human-appropriate Sanskrit speech / language.'

11998:

The Rudradaman inscription is "not pure classical Sanskrit", but with few epic-vernacular Sanskrit exceptions, it approaches high classical Sanskrit.

1625: 614:, wrote in classical Sanskrit, and the foundations of modern arithmetic were first described in classical Sanskrit. The two major Sanskrit epics, the 29154: 22077: 6058:(literally, "count, measure, duration"), and typically a syllable that ends in a short vowel is a light syllable, while those that end in consonant, 4185:

rules are more intricate and account for the root and the canonical structure of the Sanskrit word. These rules anticipate what are now known as the

12617: 6140: 1385:. These Vedic documents reflect the dialects of Sanskrit found in the various parts of the northwestern, northern, and eastern Indian subcontinent. 29121: 13757: 13026:

is dated as a late Bronze Age text composed by pastoral migrants with limited settlements, probably between 1350 and 1150 BCE in the Punjab region.

8896: 8382: 8372: 8286: 8276: 4193:. For example, states Jamison, the "voiceless, voiced, and voiced aspirated obstruents of a positional series regularly alternate with each other ( 22812:

Upadhyay, Pankaj; Jaiswal, Umesh Chandra; Ashish, Kumar (2014). "TranSish: Translator from Sanskrit to English-A Rule based Machine Translation".

1349:

centuries after the composition had been completed, and as a gradual unconscious process during the oral transmission by generations of reciters.

13799: 12561: 11464:], though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanscrit; and the Old Persian might be added to the same family." 10587:. According to Richard H. Davis, a scholar of Religion and South Asian studies, the breadth and variety of oral recitations of the Sanskrit text 10438:), including terms and mottoes of government, educational and military institutions use Sanskrit, such as the rank of general for example in the 9986:

integrated into Malayalam by "prosodic phonological" changes as per Grant. These phonological changes are either by replacement of a vowel as in

9069:

Sanskrit has been written in various scripts on a variety of media such as palm leaves, cloth, paper, rock and metal sheets, from ancient times.

8362: 8352: 6159: 22958: 13798:

Harmatta, J. (1992). "The Emergence of the Indo-Iranians: The Indo-Iranian Languages". In Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (eds.).

12214:

Then Arjuna, ... looked at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn up in battle order; and as the flight of missiles (almost) started, he took up his bow.

1286:, during the early 2nd millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the 30198: 26637: 26491: 23171: 8867: 6475: 17948: 16079: 12164: 1964: 825:('came before, origin') and that it came naturally to children, while Sanskrit was a refinement of Prakrit through "purification by grammar". 30223: 22192: 22045: 12179:

Then, beholding the sons of Dhritarâshtra standing arrayed, and flight of missiles about to begin, ... the son of Pându, took up his bow,(20)

11305: 11156: 11152: 11049: 8712:-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include 8367: 136: 22990: 22565: 28522: 28473: 9979:. Similar stratification is found in verb morphology. Sanskrit words readily undergo verbalization in Kannada, verbalizing suffixes as in: 8794:. In a manner similar to the Hathibada inscription, the Mora well inscription is a dedicatory inscription and is linked to the cult of the 8767:

Besides these few examples from the 1st century BCE, the earliest Sanskrit and hybrid dialect inscriptions are found in Mathura (

7309: 7235: 7101: 7067: 6851: 6829: 6158:

The early history of writing Sanskrit and other languages in ancient India is a problematic topic despite a century of scholarship, states

1746:

mentioned in his memoir that official philosophical debates in India were held in Sanskrit, not in the vernacular language of that region.

15054: 11883:

in the 4th century BCE, mentions that Indians wrote on cloth, but Nearchos could have confused Aramaic writers with the Indians.

10959:

Scholars such as William Jones and his colleagues felt the need for systematic studies of Sanskrit language and literature. This launched

2386: 679: 30117: 26541: 25646: 24984: 23071: 19670: 11571:

to Jains, is recognized by all four Jain traditions as the earliest, most authoritative, and comprehensive summary of their religion. —

10919: 22596: 17041: 14652: 13602: 4083:

Sanskrit had a series of retroflex stops originating as conditioned alternants of dentals, albeit by Sanskrit they had become phonemic.

24872:

The Study of Indo-European Vocalism in the 19th Century: From the Beginnings to Whitney and Scherer: A Critical-Historical Account

23737: 23537:

Deshpande, Madhav (2011). "Efforts to vernacularize Sanskrit: Degree of success and failure". In Joshua Fishman; Ofelia Garcia (eds.).

22011: 11036: 6162:– an epigraphist and Indologist specializing in Sanskrit and Pali literature. The earliest possible script from South Asia is from the 13116:(samskrita- 'adorned, purified') refers to several varieties of Old Indo-Aryan whose most archaic forms are found in Vedic texts: the 22339: 10804: 3733: 1274:

The correspondences suggest some common root, and historical links between some of the distant major ancient languages of the world.

22224: 19323: 11626:

Consonant described as either at the roots of the teeth, alveolar, and retroflex. Vowels are very short, may be equivalent to short

6007:

pronominal stem, and this is the closest element to a third person pronoun and an article in the Sanskrit language, states Jamison.

5535:

as the augment "a-" added as prefix to past tense verb forms and the "-na/n-" infix in single verbal present class, states Jamison.

4158:

rules (literally, the rules of "putting together, union, connection, alliance"), similar to the English alteration of "going to" as

883:

between 4000 and 1000 BCE; right: The geographical spread of the Indo-European languages at 500 CE, with Sanskrit in South Asia

30193: 26556: 26546: 26536: 26524: 24158:

A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages

23989: 10795:. Despite it being a studied school subject in contemporary India, Sanskrit has not been spoken as a native language in centuries. 10721: 10507: 10233: 7811: 6439: 2310: 2009: 25005:

Aspects of Buddhist Sanskrit: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Language of Sanskrit Buddhist Texts, 1–5 Oct. 1991

22493: 11473:

The Mitanni treaty is generally dated to the 16th century BCE, but this date and its significance remains much debated.

1395:. The Vedic Sanskrit language or a closely related Indo-European variant was recognized beyond ancient India as evidenced by the " 663:. Sanskrit does not have an attested native script: from around the turn of the 1st-millennium CE, it has been written in various 29203: 28490: 24690: 10997: 9159:, Gaṇita·śāstra, Śulba·sūtras, Siddhāntas, Āryabhaṭīya, Daśa·gītikā·sutra, Siddhānta·śiromaṇi, Gaṇita·sāra·saṅgraha, Bīja·gaṇita 8936: 7634: 7561: 7553: 7440: 7350: 7334: 7319: 7261: 7197: 6981: 6785: 6771: 6761: 6676: 6601: 6591: 6509: 4281: 23446: 22463: 15909: 13538: 11541:

The Indian Mission for Manuscripts initiative has already counted over 5 million manuscripts. The thirty million estimate is of

8905:

Starting in about the 1st century BCE, Sanskrit has been written in many South Asian, Southeast Asian and Central Asian scripts.

2001:

or "elegant language of the gods". It has been the means of transmitting the "profound wisdom of Buddhist philosophy" to Tibet.

26589: 26254: 21933: 10819: 10709: 10547:

religious texts and sutras are in Sanskrit as well as vernacular languages. Some of the revered texts of Jainism including the

10318: 9955:

from Sanskrit. Sanskrit words are often preferred in the literary texts in Marathi over corresponding colloquial Marathi word.

6796: 2380: 23201: 22372: 12286: 10888:

in Indonesia, a number of educational and scholarly institutions have also been conducting Sanskrit lessons for Hindu locals.

9891:, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees. 8744:

The earliest known stone inscriptions in Sanskrit are in the Brahmi script from the first century BCE. These include the

29147: 29116: 25865: 25807: 25732: 25671: 25640: 25607: 25586: 25559: 25528: 25449: 25430: 25360: 25327: 25259: 25189: 25156: 25123: 25115:

The Sanskrit Language: An Overview : History and Structure, Linguistic and Philosophical Representations, Uses and Users

25073: 25054: 25012: 24933: 24879: 24848: 24658: 24596: 24563: 24542: 24509: 24439: 24377: 24344: 24241: 24220: 24166: 24145: 24126: 24093: 24060: 23945: 23912: 23876: 23843: 23822: 23798: 23777: 23690: 23645: 23546: 23515: 23494: 23473: 23410: 23355: 23334: 23312: 23279: 23258: 23237: 23022: 22831: 22796: 22764: 21946: 21887: 21848: 21821: 21788: 21714: 21673: 21416: 21385: 21100: 21063: 20966: 20927: 20845: 20825: 20788: 20748: 20688: 20660: 20593: 20541: 20490: 20465: 20440: 20415: 20394: 20368: 19824: 19785: 19703: 19635: 19596: 19480: 19409: 19207: 18996: 18975: 18885: 18816: 18789: 18759: 18732: 18682: 18652: 18625: 18586: 18559: 18517: 18409: 17697: 17646: 17607: 17485: 17434: 17392: 17278: 17248: 17197: 17155: 17116: 17074: 17035: 16868: 16782: 16743: 16716: 16686: 16560: 16521: 16482: 16455: 16401: 16320: 16266: 16227: 16112: 16073: 16010: 15959: 15859: 15776: 15737: 15695: 15656: 15453: 15368: 15307: 15234: 15186: 15147: 15108: 15081: 15013: 14809: 14743: 14704: 14608: 14456: 14414: 14375: 14300: 14261: 14222: 14171: 13904: 13809: 13782: 13573: 13510: 13479: 13400: 13366: 13323: 13294: 13256: 13222: 13177: 13146: 13106: 13061: 12994: 12961: 12934: 12899: 12851: 12652: 12577: 12526: 12478: 12434: 12400: 12248: 12119: 11311: 10354: 25871: 25813: 25738: 25613: 25534: 25366: 25333: 25265: 25195: 25162: 25129: 24939: 24906: 24854: 24784: 24664: 24602: 24569: 24515: 24383: 24350: 24317: 24247: 24195: 24172: 24099: 24066: 23951: 23918: 23882: 23849: 23661: 23573: 23521: 23285: 22425: 22402: 21854: 21749: 21720: 21630: 21566: 20933: 20547: 19830: 19791: 19709: 19486: 19213: 19002: 18592: 17652: 17574: 17520: 17440: 17398: 17203: 17161: 17122: 17080: 16874: 16788: 16749: 16527: 16407: 16272: 16233: 15782: 15374: 15313: 15240: 15192: 15153: 15114: 15019: 14892: 14420: 14381: 14306: 14267: 14177: 13910: 13069:

Sanskrit did do ... was directed above all toward articulating a form of ... politics ... as celebration of aesthetic power.

12857: 12352: 12319: 11441:

6,106 Indians in 1981, 49,736 in 1991, 14,135 in 2001, and 24,821 in 2011, have reported Sanskrit to be their mother tongue.

30208: 30203: 24311: 23097: 17568: 16148: 11299: 10799: 10267:

A large number of inscriptions in Sanskrit across Southeast Asia testify the influence the language held in these regions.

9847:, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of 8995:

inscriptions in Indic writing systems are dated to the 4th century in Malaysia, 5th to 6th centuries in Thailand near

6072:

and many texts are so arranged that the light and heavy syllables in them follow a rhythm, though not necessarily a rhyme.

23145: 14491: 12983:"Revealing the Vedas in 'Hinduism': Foundations and issues of interpretation of religions in South Asian Hindu traditions" 1725:

who affirm Sanskrit to have been a vernacular language point to the necessity of Sanskrit being a spoken language for the

726: 26127: 22543: 11971:

Prakrit inscriptions of ancient India, such as those of Ashoka, are older. Louis Renou called it "the great linguistical

9899:

Sanskrit has greatly influenced the languages of India that grew from its vocabulary and grammatical base; for instance,

7804: 4333:) present in the Proto-Indo-European", states Jamison. This significantly affected the evolutionary path of the Sanskrit 4132:

The voiceless aspirated series is also an innovation in Sanskrit but is significantly rarer than the other three series.

3900: 3588: 3456: 893:. It is one of the three earliest ancient documented languages that arose from a common root language now referred to as 424: 21981: 10086: 6046:(aperiodicity) was mapped into a four verse polymorphic linear sequence. A syllable in Sanskrit is classified as either 6003:(second plural). The latter can be demonstrative, deictic or anaphoric. Both the Vedic and Classical Sanskrit share the 30122: 26630: 25470: 23567: 22619: 22250: 22108: 21465: 20865: 19382: 19357: 16143:, Volume 1 & 2, Verlag Der Österreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press), 10552: 2157: 630:

The hymns of the Rigveda are notably similar to the most archaic poems of the Iranian and Greek language families, the

10783:

Sanskrit has been taught in schools from time immemorial in India. In modern times, the first Sanskrit University was

30127: 29731: 28166: 26356: 26247: 24778: 24729: 23429: 23389: 23119: 21624: 21597: 21560: 21133: 20768: 20728: 20708: 20635: 20327: 20294: 20266: 20250: 18490: 16946: 15562: 15552: 14878: 14681: 14660: 13850: 13842: 8935:

dates to the mid-1st century CE, is a fair approximation of standard Sanskrit and has hybrid features. The

8578: 1617:

then to the Classical Sanskrit along with his views on the history. This work has been translated by Jagbans Balbir.

26551: 15797: 10678: 10567:, Sanskrit mantras and Sanskrit as a ritual language was commonplace among Jains throughout their medieval history. 10330: 10097: 9420:

In the oldest Vedic literature, there are few such non-Indo-European words, but these progressively grow in volume.

5728:, an inventory of word groups, classes of lexical systems. There are peripheral adjuncts to these four, such as the 1742:

expound upon the variant forms of spoken Sanskrit versus written Sanskrit. The 7th-century Chinese Buddhist pilgrim

29624: 29140: 28466: 22125: 12017:

The use of the Sanskrit language in epigraphy gradually dropped after the arrival and the consolidation of Islamic

10784: 10451: 3500: 24456:, Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie von Wetenschappen, Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company 17941:) usually in word-final position. Some traditions of recitation append an echo of the preceding vowel after the ( 15932: 14548: 11046:: In Indonesia, Sanskrit is widely used as terms and mottoes of the armed forces and other national organizations 10560: 6261: 2046:

to the presence of Hinduism in the Indonesian islands. The oldest southeast Asian Sanskrit inscription—called the

686:

since ancient times; it is widely taught today at the secondary school level. The oldest Sanskrit college is the

23624:

Filliozat, Pierre-Sylvain (2004), "Ancient Sanskrit Mathematics: An Oral Tradition and a Written Literature", in

12736: 11410:"dhārayan·brāhmaṇam rupam·ilvalaḥ saṃskṛtam vadan..." – The Rāmāyaṇa 3.10.54 – said to be the first known use of 11356: 10989: 8932: 8827: 8749: 6266: 6075:

Sanskrit metres include those based on a fixed number of syllables per verse, and those based on fixed number of

2954: 2574: 2190: 2179: 1925: 414: 108: 74: 26145: 25838: 15442:"The Sanskrit cosmopolis, A.D. 300–1300: transculturation, vernacularization, and the question of ideology" 13211:"Early Loan Words in Western Central Asia: Indicators of Substrate Populations, Migrations, and Trade Relations" 11689:

As a nasal vowel or, if followed by a stop consonant (plosive, affricate or nasal), it is realized as the nasal

9843:

For nearly 2,000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia,

1483: 27036: 25251:

South Indian Scripts in Sanskrit Manuscripts and Prints: Grantha Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Nandinagari

24900: 24369:

Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages

23539:

Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The success-failure continuum in language and ethnic identity efforts

22708: 21339: 17892:, p. 146 notes of this diacritic that "there is some controversy as to whether it represents a homorganic 15602: 13869: 4071: 1353:

Aitareya-Āraṇyaka (700 BCE), which features a discussion on whether retroflexion is valid in particular cases.

22276: 10345:

To this day, Southeast Asian languages such as Thai are known to draw upon Sanskrit for technical vocabulary.

8732:

century onwards, because of production costs, textual editions edited by Western scholars have mostly been in

1331:, early 19th century. The red horizontal and vertical lines mark low and high pitch changes for chanting. 655: 30183: 29749: 27818: 26853: 26623: 26486: 26027: 22852: 21432: 14779:

Rhi, Juhyung (2009). "On the Peripheries of Civilizations: The Evolution of a Visual Tradition in Gandhāra".

10968: 8643:

One of the earliest known Sanskrit inscriptions in Tamil Grantha script at a rock-cut Hindu Trimurti temple (

4105:

that Sanskrit deploys is a conditioned alternant of postvocalic nasals, under certain sandhi conditions. Its

3755: 330: 19556: 16822:

Hatcher, B. A. (2007). "Sanskrit and the morning after: The metaphorics and theory of intellectual change".

13841:. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory No. 226. Vol. II: Comparative morphology, syntax, and phonetics. 10367:

inscription (one of the earliest and oldest Sanskrit texts written in ancient Indonesia) dating back to the

9875:, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations 9520:

The following is a list of Dravidian entrants into Sanskrit lexicon, although some may have been contested:

1683:, literally 'spoiled'. The Vedic literature includes words whose phonetic equivalent are not found in other 348: 29703: 29693: 29208: 29106: 27789: 27609: 27455: 26772: 26471: 24710: 22890: 22873: 22067: 19513: 11770:

Ruppel gives the following endings for the "present indicative active" in the Sanskrit language: 1st dual:

11376: 10902: 10831: 10447: 9043:

sex, philosophy, medicine, astronomy, astrology and mathematics, and is largely secular in subject-matter.

9033: 8790:

from the early years of 1st century CE. Of the Mathura inscriptions, the most significant is the

8745: 8636:

emphasizes rounded shapes and uses cosmetically appealing "umbrella-like curves" above the script symbols.

3922: 3015: 1921: 894: 674:

Sanskrit's status, function, and place in India's cultural heritage are recognized by its inclusion in the

14147:, pp. 3–12, 36–47, 111–112, Note: Sanskrit was both a literary and spoken language in ancient India.. 13013:

has assigned an approximate chronology to the strata of Vedic languages, arguing that the language of the

11811:

are all in meter, and the structure of the metrics has attracted scholarly studies since the 19th century.

10993: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5429: 5424: 5408: 5403: 5387: 5382: 5366: 5361: 5345: 5340: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5276: 5271: 5255: 5250: 5234: 5229: 5213: 5208: 5192: 5187: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5115: 5110: 5094: 5089: 5073: 5068: 5052: 5047: 5031: 5026: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4962: 4957: 4941: 4936: 4920: 4915: 4899: 4894: 4878: 4873: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4833: 4828: 4812: 4807: 4791: 4786: 4770: 4765: 4749: 4744: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4704: 4699: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4576: 4558: 4553: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4509: 4504: 4488: 4483: 4467: 4462: 4446: 4441: 4425: 4420: 4404: 4399: 4329:

Sanskrit, like most early Indo-European languages, lost the so-called "laryngeal consonants (cover-symbol

3091: 3036: 2975: 2914: 2839: 2768: 2709: 2004: 573: 30218: 30213: 29101: 28459: 28352: 28320: 28176: 26584: 26310: 22645: 22310: 20801: 20385: 20077: 17918: 12609: 11371: 11104: 10945: 10897: 10835: 9960: 9888: 8811: 8030: 3623: 2688: 2073: 1797:

Sanskrit, as the learned language of Ancient India, thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits. Many

276: 22735:

A history of ancient Sanskrit literature so far as it illustrates the primitive religion of the Brahmans

20113: 20101: 20089: 19430: 11351: 7775: 6122:

to end a hymn or composition, possibly because it has enjoyed a special level of reverence in Hinduism.

30091: 29249: 27886: 26315: 24763:

Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology - ICWET '11

23044: 19449: 19447: 19445: 19299: 19297: 18448: 16513:

The Ecology of Language in Multilingual India: Voices of Women and Educators in the Himalayan Foothills

13502:

The Ecology of Language in Multilingual India: Voices of Women and Educators in the Himalayan Foothills

11249: 11188: 11066: 10847: 10701: 10636: 10455: 10126: 9830: 8687: 7653: 3961: 3790: 3566: 1019: 25283:"A functional toolkit for morphological and phonological processing, application to a Sanskrit tagger" 21500: 15551:

Ruzca, Ferenc (2013). "The influence of Dravidian on Indo-Aryan phonetics". In Klein, Jared S. (ed.).

12079:

Most Tripiṭaka historic texts in the Pali language, but Sanskrit Tripiṭaka texts have been discovered.

8983:), inscriptions in more or less correct classical Sanskrit inscriptions are dated to the 3rd century. 6325: 2047: 1817:

were centers of classical Sanskrit learning and public debates until the arrival of the colonial era.

998:

900 BCE). The closest ancient relatives of Vedic Sanskrit in the Indo-European languages are the

602: 30228: 30142: 30107: 28325: 28026: 28000: 27439: 27323: 26604: 26294: 26069: 13280: 11366: 11116: 'purpose of the unit is to give the best service to the nation by finding the perfect soldier' 10693: 8807: 6434: 6163: 4069: 4047: 4025: 4003: 3981: 3959: 3920: 3898: 3876: 3854: 3832: 3810: 3788: 3753: 3731: 3709: 3687: 3665: 3643: 3621: 3586: 3564: 3542: 3520: 3498: 3476: 3454: 3417: 3395: 3373: 3351: 3329: 3307: 3068: 3013: 2952: 2881: 2810: 2745: 2686: 2648: 2646: 2623: 2409:

The most significant and distinctive phonological development in Sanskrit is vowel merger. The short

1759: 843: 307: 23167: 19627:

Religion, Narrative and Public Imagination in South Asia: Past and place in the Sanskrit Mahabharata

19537: 19525: 19501: 19442: 19294: 19252: 19240: 4109:

is a word-final or morpheme-final conditioned alternant of s and r under certain sandhi conditions.

30137: 29178: 29111: 28221: 26982: 26341: 17944: 17108:

India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Subcontinent from c. 7000 BCE to CE 1200

12195: 11914:

Salomon states that the inscription has a few scribal errors, but is essentially standard Sanskrit.

11745:(we carry). Similar morphology is found in some other Indo-European languages; for example, in the 11261: 10772: 10154: 9884: 9423:

The following are some of the old Indo-European words that eventually fade out of use in Sanskrit:

9404: 6294:

South and Southeast Asia. Most of these are descendants of the Brahmi script. The earliest datable

6202:

include lists of numerous writing scripts in ancient India. The Buddhist texts list the sixty four

3667: 3419: 2747: 880: 839: 687: 589: 534: 148: 17: 25462:

The Battle for Sanskrit: Is Sanskrit Political or Sacred, Oppressive or Liberating, Dead or Alive?

22177: 22041: 10753:. Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years. 7933: 1704:

Buddhism and Ardhamagadhi in Jainism competed with Sanskrit in the ancient times. However, states

29754: 29632: 29183: 29164: 26213: 25835:

Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Volume-II

25460: 23898: 22573: 20360: 19264: 11498:

in Latin. Equivalent "paternal Heaven" phrasal equation is found in many Indo-European languages.

11145: 10964: 10843: 9720: 8757: 8616: 8527: 8433: 8122: 4005: 3834: 3309: 2625: 2244:

Hanneder states that modern works in Sanskrit are either ignored or their "modernity" contested.

1684: 890: 694:. Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a ceremonial and ritual language in Hindu and Buddhist 530: 189: 169: 18531: 18529: 17861: 17859: 15729:

From Mulberry Leaves to Silk Scrolls: New Approaches to the Study of Asian Manuscript Traditions

12891:

Nominal Apposition in Indo-European: Its forms and functions, and its evolution in Latin-romance

10944:(1681–1731), is considered responsible for the discovery of an Indo-European language family by 10172:

Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like

6247:

Over the centuries, and across countries, a number of scripts have been used to write Sanskrit.

4234:

Vocalic alternations in the Sanskrit morphological system is termed "strengthening", and called

4166:

of any two words next to each other in the same sentence or linking two sentences. The external

2100:, particularly the languages of the northern, western, central and eastern Indian subcontinent. 29764: 29230: 28667: 28429: 28298: 27574: 27368: 27185: 26720: 26501: 26476: 26373: 26162: 22739: 12755:, Book 5 (Sundarkanda), Canto 28, Verse 17: अहं ह्यतितनुश्चैव वनरश्च विशेषतः // 11255: 11192: 10941: 10697: 10514:

or later. Some of these words have in turn been borrowed by other European or world languages.

10391: 10291: 10158: 8996: 8418: 6265:

One of the oldest Hindu Sanskrit inscriptions, the broken pieces of this early-1st-century BCE

5708:, a comprehensive system of 4,000 grammatical rules, of which a small set are frequently used; 5489: 3711: 3217: 847: 194: 25630: 25211:

Gamkrelidze, Thomas V.; Ivanov, V. V. (1990). "The Early History of Indo-European Languages".

24956: 24429: 23400: 23063: 22786: 22754: 21877: 21455: 20610: 19664: 19586: 19399: 18507: 17687: 17597: 17475: 17268: 16960: 16102: 15949: 15849: 15727: 15685: 15441: 15263: 14799: 14694: 14446: 13593: 13561: 13469: 13210: 13094: 12640: 12466: 11905:

Minor inscriptions discovered in the 20th century may be older, but their dating is uncertain.

11857:—to have mastered philology and scripts at a school from Brahmin Lipikara and Deva Vidyasinha. 11849: 11199:; the decision was made as a "homage to all Indian languages" compromising between his native 10767: 10399: 10364: 9004: 8919:, Brahmi script Sanskrit inscriptions from the early centuries of the common era exist at the 6194: 2021: 29393: 29225: 28545: 28527: 28099: 27912: 27398: 27363: 27358: 27197: 27180: 26700: 26113: 26077: 24233:

The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India

23790:

Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel

23788: 23322: 22604: 19625: 18526: 17856: 17832: 17025: 16550: 16472: 16000: 14598: 14212: 13500: 13356: 13311: 13284: 13246: 13053:

The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India

13051: 12982: 12951: 12565: 12514: 12390: 12109: 11286: 11271: 11266: 11040:(जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी), meaning 'mother and motherland are superior to heaven'. 10915: 8924: 8847: 8791: 8725: 8571: 7663: 4049: 3878: 2033: 1949: 1917: 1278: 779:

Sanskrit as a language competed with numerous, less exact vernacular Indian languages called

691: 675: 23701: 21590:

Hindu Resurgence in Indonesia, Inspiring Story of Millions of Muslims converting to Hinduism

15646: 13390: 13167: 12424: 8771:). These date to the 1st and 2nd century CE, states Salomon, from the time of the 4162:. The Sanskrit language accepts such alterations within it, but offers formal rules for the 4154:

Sanskrit deploys extensive phonological alternations on different linguistic levels through

1673:. Outside the learned sphere of written Classical Sanskrit, vernacular colloquial dialects ( 30132: 29680: 29490: 29360: 29024: 28919: 28387: 28362: 28231: 28201: 28058: 27838: 27828: 27638: 27217: 26646: 25896: 25480:

Mallory, J. P. (1992). "In Search of the Indo-Europeans / Language, Archaeology and Myth".

25220: 23937:

Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook

22501: 20875: 20873: 17820: 12803: 12200:

The Bhagavadgītā: With an introductory essay, Sanskrit text, English translation, and notes

11324: 10906: 10322: 9908: 8482: 8325: 4346: 4186: 3544: 3353: 2298: 742: 526: 199: 22332: 17240:

Receptacle of the Sacred: Illustrated Manuscripts and the Buddhist Book Cult in South Asia

15418:(1976). "Histoire du buddhisme indien, des origines à l'ère saka". Institut orientaliste. 13694: 13595:

Distribution of the 22 Scheduled Languages – India / States / Union Territories – Sanskrit

11580:

The oldest surviving Sanskrit inscription in the Kathmandu valley is dated to 464 CE.

9513:

The sources of these new loanwords are many, and vary across the different regions of the

4101:

The palatal nasal is a conditioned variant of n occurring next to palatal obstruents. The

2548:

is an innovation and it is used in a few analogically generated morphological categories.

8: 30147: 29413: 29328: 29323: 29272: 29188: 28969: 28434: 28241: 27962: 27947: 27879: 27853: 27843: 27768: 27485: 27275: 27202: 27175: 26927: 26757: 26496: 26463: 25000: 22506: 22220: 19316: 14321: 11880: 11074: 10960: 10426: 10314: 9916: 9904: 9514: 9350: 9029: 8761: 8724:-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an 8659: 8644: 7785: 7682: 7658: 6298:

Brahmi alphabet system, found in later Sanskrit texts, is from the 2nd century BCE,

3983: 3812: 3645: 3602: 3478: 3331: 3174: 2784: 2397:

made Sanskrit its second official language, becoming the second state in India to do so.

2118: 2097: 1972:

is dated to about the 2nd century CE (above: folio 383 fragment). Discovered in the

1669:(Sanskrit), in the context of a speech or language, is found in verses 5.28.17–19 of the 801: 660: 25900: 25224: 20870: 16197: 15448:. Leiden, New York: E. J. Brill. pp. 197–199, pp. 197–239 for context and details. 10869:

respectively) to give provisional names to his predicted elements, like eka-boron being

10749:, India, since 1970. It was started by K.N. Varadaraja Iyengar, a Sanskrit scholar from 9963:. ‌The borrowed words are classified into two types based on phonological integration – 9106: 2393:

became the first state in India to make Sanskrit its second official language. In 2019,

1933: 715: 30020: 29942: 29827: 29460: 29398: 29348: 29315: 29220: 29193: 28924: 28884: 28777: 28482: 28246: 28159: 28124: 27896: 27414: 27149: 26839: 26767: 26762: 26599: 26594: 26481: 25986: 25949: 25941: 25912: 25784: 25763: 25706: 25505: 25304: 25236: 25232: 25100: 25031: 24976: 24825: 24817: 24635: 24486: 24478: 24416: 24288: 24280: 24022: 23976: 23729: 23721: 22145: 20676: 20245:

Jan Gonda (1975), Vedic literature (Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,

19866: 18849: 17426:

Sugata Saurabha An Epic Poem from Nepal on the Life of the Buddha by Chittadhar Hridaya

16921: 16839: 16186: 16178: 14540: 12728: 11979:

inscriptions, although Prakrit is considered as a descendant of the Sanskrit language.

11361: 11227: 10705: 10621: 10310: 10271: 9848: 9367: 8517: 8162: 7984: 7979: 7840: 5716:(markers) that partition phonological segments for efficient abbreviations through the 4190: 3397: 2883: 2812: 1969: 1871: 999: 597: 522: 85: 25908: 25383: 24681: 22733: 21706:

Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language

21115:

Sugam Marathi Vyakaran & Lekhana. 2007. Nitin publications. Author: M. R. Walimbe.

16448:

Ideology and status of Sanskrit: contributions to the history of the Sanskrit language

16002:

Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language

15446:

Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the history of the Sanskrit language

15415: 13374:

tradition of storytelling that existed before, throughout, and after the Vedic period.

8728:

and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.

1821: 1006:

region of northeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Himalayas, as well as the extinct

404: 30178: 30079: 29832: 29741: 29604: 29530: 29495: 29465: 29440: 29408: 29378: 29373: 29343: 29257: 29079: 28874: 28859: 28854: 28762: 28662: 28580: 28570: 28555: 28535: 28439: 28253: 27922: 27891: 27869: 27833: 27675: 27633: 27538: 27480: 27245: 27167: 27162: 27071: 26992: 26972: 26894: 26819: 26736: 26669: 26361: 25978: 25953: 25861: 25803: 25728: 25698: 25667: 25636: 25603: 25582: 25565: 25555: 25524: 25509: 25497: 25466: 25445: 25426: 25399: 25356: 25323: 25255: 25185: 25152: 25119: 25079: 25069: 25050: 25008: 24929: 24896: 24875: 24844: 24829: 24774: 24725: 24654: 24592: 24559: 24538: 24505: 24490: 24435: 24373: 24340: 24307: 24237: 24216: 24162: 24141: 24122: 24089: 24056: 23941: 23908: 23872: 23839: 23818: 23794: 23773: 23733: 23686: 23679: 23641: 23612: 23563: 23542: 23511: 23490: 23469: 23440: 23425: 23406: 23385: 23351: 23330: 23308: 23275: 23254: 23233: 23018: 22927: 22792: 22760: 22714: 22704: 22698: 22433: 22104: 21942: 21883: 21844: 21817: 21784: 21710: 21669: 21620: 21593: 21556: 21461: 21412: 21381: 21335: 21291: 21129: 21096: 21059: 20962: 20923: 20861: 20841: 20821: 20784: 20764: 20744: 20724: 20704: 20703:

Lewis Rowell, Music and Musical Thought in Early India, University of Chicago Press,

20684: 20656: 20631: 20589: 20537: 20486: 20461: 20436: 20411: 20390: 20364: 20323: 20290: 20262: 20246: 19820: 19781: 19699: 19631: 19592: 19476: 19405: 19378: 19353: 19203: 18992: 18971: 18881: 18853: 18812: 18785: 18755: 18728: 18678: 18648: 18621: 18582: 18555: 18513: 18486: 18405: 17733: 17693: 17642: 17603: 17564: 17481: 17430: 17388: 17274: 17244: 17193: 17183: 17151: 17112: 17070: 17031: 16925: 16913: 16864: 16843: 16778: 16739: 16712: 16682: 16556: 16517: 16478: 16451: 16397: 16316: 16262: 16223: 16190: 16144: 16108: 16069: 16031: 16006: 15955: 15906: 15855: 15772: 15733: 15691: 15652: 15598: 15558: 15449: 15364: 15303: 15230: 15182: 15143: 15104: 15077: 15009: 14884: 14874: 14805: 14739: 14700: 14677: 14656: 14604: 14452: 14410: 14371: 14345: 14296: 14257: 14218: 14167: 13900: 13865: 13856: 13846: 13805: 13778: 13569: 13530: 13506: 13475: 13396: 13362: 13319: 13290: 13252: 13218: 13173: 13142: 13102: 13057: 12990: 12957: 12930: 12895: 12847: 12648: 12610:"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions" 12573: 12522: 12474: 12430: 12396: 12244: 12115: 11160: 10911: 10823: 10713: 10556: 10466:(अधिकाऱ्या विर्य नगरभक्ति) and the motto of the Indonesian Naval Academy which reads 10411: 10403: 10295: 9517:. But of all influences on the lexicon of Sanskrit, the most important is Dravidian. 9408: 9264: 8612: 8443: 8215: 8040: 7790: 7639: 6381: 4362: 4350: 3435: 3182: 3129: 2248: 1015: 961: 876: 632: 619: 517: 243: 121: 28283: 28269: 24292: 23093: 21952: 21840:

The Renewal of the Priesthood: Modernity and Traditionalism in a South Indian Temple

20820:(1995), Mayamata : An Indian Treatise on Housing Architecture and Iconography, 12154: 11706:. If the preceding vowel is /ai/ or /au/, the echo vowel will be or , respectively. 11196: 10677:

Numerous loan Sanskrit words are found in other major Asian languages. For example,

9122:

Aṣṭādhyāyī, Gaṇa·pāṭha, Pada·pāṭha, Vārttikas, Mahābhāṣya, Vākya·padīya, Phiṭ·sūtra

7877:). To communicate phonetic accuracy, it also includes several modifiers such as the 1980:

in northwest China, it is the oldest Sanskrit philosophical manuscript known so far.

420: 30152: 29980: 29965: 29860: 29852: 29842: 29837: 29802: 29708: 29665: 29660: 29591: 29581: 29563: 29538: 29520: 29515: 29505: 29485: 29470: 29450: 29445: 29383: 29338: 29034: 28904: 28889: 28869: 28849: 28829: 28747: 28712: 28702: 28621: 28611: 28596: 28575: 28540: 28357: 28347: 28293: 28226: 28129: 28104: 28094: 28073: 28068: 28043: 27982: 27874: 27848: 27811: 27806: 27760: 27706: 27659: 27618: 27569: 27514: 27475: 27424: 27343: 27313: 27260: 27250: 27108: 27103: 27095: 27081: 27031: 26987: 26899: 26705: 26654: 26579: 26574: 26378: 26346: 25970: 25933: 25904: 25690: 25489: 25395: 25294: 25228: 24980: 24968: 24809: 24766: 24627: 24470: 24408: 24272: 24012: 24004: 23713: 23633: 23602: 22364: 22137: 21661: 21283: 20289:

Hartmut Scharfe, A history of Indian literature. Vol. 5, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,

18841: 18775: 18503: 16905: 16831: 16170: 15354: 14950: 14532: 14292:

Participles in Rigvedic Sanskrit: The syntax and semantics of adjectival verb forms

13392:

Participles in Rigvedic Sanskrit: The Syntax and Semantics of Adjectival Verb Forms

13169:

Participles in Rigvedic Sanskrit: The syntax and semantics of adjectival verb forms

12720: 12280: 11240: 11204: 11024: 10931: 10762: 10682: 10584: 10548: 10544: 10402:. This is one of the reason of strong influence of Indian culture that entered the 10326: 9951:

is another prominent language in Western India, that derives most of its words and

9948: 9387: 9296: 8775: 8675: 8671: 8663: 8564: 8423: 8409: 8330: 8240: 8232: 8200: 8155: 8059: 8035: 7948: 7862: 7668: 6376: 6366: 6034: 6019: 5658:

Both verbs and nouns in Sanskrit are either thematic or athematic, states Jamison.

5483: 4354: 3940: 3769: 2855: 2725: 2394: 2376: 2290: 2237: 2042: 1905: 1786: 1769: 1613: 1295: 1291: 1287: 991: 953: 929: 615: 550: 447: 281: 29726: 26506: 25308: 24618:

Wayman, Alex (1965). "The Buddhism and the Sanskrit of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit".

22826: 21813: 21653: 21151:

Dictionary of languages : the definitive reference to more than 400 languages

15265:

Sanskrit as a living language in India: Journal of the National Indian Association

15034: 14333: 11151:

Many of India's and Nepal's scientific and administrative terms use Sanskrit. The

10948:(1746–1794). This research played an important role in the development of Western 7865:

of Bali (Indonesia), dated to about 914 CE, is in part in the Nagari script.

5744:

The Sanskrit language includes five tenses: present, future, past imperfect, past

538: 483: 29970: 29952: 29927: 29812: 29797: 29718: 29698: 29642: 29576: 29510: 29475: 29455: 29388: 29300: 29280: 29262: 29084: 29049: 29009: 29004: 28999: 28979: 28974: 28964: 28939: 28914: 28909: 28824: 28787: 28782: 28772: 28732: 28722: 28717: 28692: 28677: 28636: 28626: 28601: 28590: 28402: 28236: 28191: 28078: 28048: 28005: 27957: 27917: 27823: 27773: 27744: 27722: 27654: 27564: 27524: 27490: 27434: 27429: 27388: 27373: 27353: 27348: 27338: 27328: 27318: 27290: 27280: 27270: 27265: 27240: 27235: 27230: 27207: 27128: 27123: 27118: 27113: 27076: 26997: 26922: 26878: 26834: 26829: 26814: 26809: 26752: 26715: 26710: 26436: 26431: 26065: 25855: 25797: 25722: 25597: 25518: 25422:

Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism: Sacred texts, ritual traditions, arts, concepts

25420: 25350: 25317: 25249: 25179: 25146: 25113: 25044: 24923: 24890: 24838: 24758: 24648: 24586: 24553: 24532: 24499: 24367: 24334: 24301: 24231: 24189: 24156: 24116: 24083: 24050: 23935: 23902: 23866: 23833: 23812: 23767: 23655: 23557: 23505: 23484: 23463: 23345: 23302: 23269: 23248: 22877: 22856: 22835: 22394: 21916: 21838: 21780: 21743: 21704: 21665: 21614: 21550: 21406: 21375: 20956: 20917: 20531: 19814: 19775: 19693: 19470: 19197: 18986: 18965: 18875: 18806: 18779: 18749: 18722: 18699: 18672: 18642: 18615: 18576: 18549: 18399: 17897: 17636: 17558: 17514: 17424: 17382: 17238: 17187: 17145: 17106: 17064: 16858: 16772: 16733: 16706: 16676: 16511: 16391: 16310: 16256: 16217: 16063: 15936: 15913: 15766: 15358: 15297: 15224: 15176: 15137: 15098: 15071: 15003: 14868: 14733: 14404: 14365: 14290: 14251: 14161: 13894: 13772: 13136: 12924: 12889: 12841: 12313: 12238: 12018: 11746: 11222: 11200: 11168: 11089: 10733: 10717: 10613: 10439: 10395: 10384: 9952: 9947:

Sanskrit or Sanskritised to an enormous extent, perhaps seventy percent or more.

9940: 9912: 9371: 9359: 9152: 9064: 9008: 8940: 8876: 8814:. The early ones are related to the Brahmanical, except for the inscription from 8697: 8477: 8404: 8320: 8305: 8271: 8255: 8205: 8081: 8064: 7994: 7900: 7452: 6422: 6386: 6371: 6340: 4358: 4323: 2316: 2132: 1801:

indicate that the language coexisted with the vernacular Prakrits. The cities of

957: 945: 911: 664: 542: 255: 181: 29132: 24118:

The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World

23630:

History of Science, History of Text (Boston Series in the Philosophy of Science)

18401:

Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists

15622:. London, UK: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 12–14, 20. 14938: 14090: 13682: 10486:, etc. are also used intensively in the Indonesian security and defence forces. 1940:

schools of Hindu philosophy, and later to Vedanta and Mahayana Buddhism, states

1027:

The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World

30067: 30000: 29995: 29985: 29898: 29865: 29807: 29777: 29655: 29599: 29553: 29403: 29333: 29295: 29064: 29054: 29044: 29039: 29014: 28989: 28984: 28899: 28879: 28864: 28844: 28834: 28767: 28752: 28737: 28727: 28697: 28631: 28550: 28512: 28412: 28154: 28063: 27995: 27990: 27972: 27952: 27739: 27732: 27701: 27595: 27543: 27383: 27378: 27333: 27308: 27300: 27255: 27225: 27192: 27043: 26952: 26917: 26909: 26873: 26824: 26690: 26366: 26351: 26336: 23717: 19466: 19283: 18845: 16909: 16835: 14483: 14442: 13010: 12811: 11333: 11316: 11164: 10690: 10663: 10632: 10625: 10536: 10435: 10419: 10368: 10359: 10306: 10287: 10220:) sect of esoteric Buddhism has been relying on Sanskrit and original Sanskrit 10069: 9900: 9060: 9016: 8966: 8836: 8795: 8701: 8629: 8532: 8522: 8399: 8357: 8342: 8337: 8281: 8250: 8220: 8195: 8185: 8150: 8129: 8117: 8090: 8074: 8069: 8047: 7953: 7928: 6345: 6167: 6029: 5538: 5493: 4137: 2136: 2126: 1913: 1798: 1726: 1453: 1337: 1311: 901: 805: 651: 577: 498: 389: 234: 224: 26095: 25937: 25299: 25282: 24813: 24276: 23141: 22535: 21287: 20261:

Teun Goudriaan, Hindu Tantric and Śākta Literature, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,

17556: 16174: 14873:(in German). Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. pp. 241–245. 12953:

A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day

12724: 10336:

A Sanskrit loanword encountered in many Southeast Asian languages is the word

2096:

in Europe. Sanskrit has significantly influenced most modern languages of the

1487:

A 17th-century birch bark manuscript of Pāṇini's grammar treatise from Kashmir

1029:, Mallory and Adams illustrate the resemblance with the following examples of 30172: 30157: 30010: 29919: 29892: 29817: 29792: 29782: 29670: 29609: 29480: 29305: 29215: 29074: 29069: 29059: 29029: 29019: 28994: 28929: 28757: 28742: 28672: 28606: 28397: 28053: 27967: 27942: 27727: 27066: 26967: 26441: 26419: 26397: 26284: 25982: 25702: 25501: 24008: 23625: 23616: 23377: 23365: 22931: 22437: 21985: 21300:

Foreword by S. Radhakrishnan, Ministry of Information, Delhi, p. 8.

21295: 19117: 18012: 17737: 16917: 15509:

Their language was Vedic Sanskrit which is spoken by all Kashmiris presently.

15483:"'Kashmir had an overwhelmingly Indic and Sanskritic identity and character'" 12703:

Pāṇini: His Work and Its Traditions. Vol. I. Background and Introduction

11542: 11346: 11328: 11294: 11217: 11172: 10937: 10822:

in India have dedicated departments for Sanskrit studies. In March 2020, the

10671: 10589: 10579: 10415: 10407: 10342:, or spoken language, which is used to refer to the names of many languages. 10275: 10252: 10163: 9838: 9792: 9110: 8928: 8783: 8779: 8772: 8768: 8713: 8667: 8620: 8604: 8544: 8463: 8458: 8428: 8377: 8100: 8095: 8016: 7943: 7908: 6449: 6391: 6256: 6219: 6188:, composed sometime around the 5th or 4th century BCE, for example, mentions 6175: 6131: 6068: 4027: 3856: 3689: 3522: 3375: 2110: 2093: 2085: 1630: 1569: 919: 815: 623: 611: 562: 249: 144: 107:. (bottom) The 175th-anniversary stamp of the third-oldest Sanskrit college, 97: 26053: 25569: 25083: 24770: 24683:

Inside the texts, beyond the texts: New approaches to the study of the Vedas

23637: 22718: 22623: 22254: 16219:

The Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, and Trade [2 volumes]

16101:

K. Preisendanz (2018). Florence Bretelle-Establet; Stéphane Schmitt (eds.).

15806:, pp. 618–632, see also the extended list of Sanskrit texts in Part II. 14888: 13860: 12713:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

10977: 10963:, an idea that was soon transplanted to Europe starting with the efforts of 10135: 9871:

in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from

9866: 6181: 2406:

voiceless "t", voiced "d" and voiced aspirated "dʰ" found in PIE languages.

2079: 1507: 607: 159: 30028: 30005: 29903: 29688: 29614: 28959: 28392: 27157: 25718: 25552:

The word and the world : India's contribution to the study of language

25442:

Early Tamil Epigraphy from the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D

24972: 24650:

Sound and Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism

23808: 23653: 23607: 23590: 23461: 23327:

The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate

20817: 19816:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE

19777:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE

19695:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE

18454: 17865: 17838: 17826: 17102: 16966: 16387: 14856:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 10–12. 14367:

Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo

13002: 12150: 11281: 11232: 10739:

Over 90 weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit.

10686: 10532: 10299: 10279: 8987: 8959: 8944: 8815: 8639: 8470: 8394: 8310: 8227: 8210: 8190: 8180: 8112: 8105: 8025: 7970: 7965: 7923: 7780: 7596: 7591: 7582: 7572: 7512: 7503: 6010:

Indicative, potential and imperative are the three mood forms in Sanskrit.

4260: 4249: 4239: 3070: 3061: 3006: 2945: 2906: 2874: 2832: 2803: 2269: 1792: 1718: 1634: 1518:

and Katyayana's commentary that preceded Patañjali's work. Panini composed

810: 772: 566: 25837:. International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP). 23271:

Crossing Horizons: World, Self, and Language in Indian and Western Thought

23127: 22178:"The syntax of nouns and noun phrases in dated pre-Angkorian inscriptions" 19958: 18001: 17986: 17935: 17927: 16940: 16308: 14926:

Bronkhorst, Johannes (2002). "Literacy and rationality in ancient India".

14580: 14578: 13670: 12684:

is encountered probably for the first time with reference to the language.

12183:

And spake this word to Hrishîkesha, O Lord of Earth: Arjuna said: ...

11602: 10187: 9864: 5438: 5417: 5396: 5375: 5354: 5333: 5309: 5285: 5264: 5243: 5222: 5201: 5180: 5156: 5124: 5103: 5082: 5061: 5040: 5019: 4995: 4971: 4950: 4929: 4908: 4887: 4866: 4842: 4821: 4800: 4779: 4758: 4737: 4713: 4692: 4664: 4640: 4612: 4588: 4569: 4546: 4518: 4497: 4476: 4455: 4434: 4413: 4392: 4063: 4041: 4019: 3997: 3975: 3953: 3932: 3914: 3892: 3870: 3848: 3826: 3804: 3782: 3747: 3725: 3703: 3681: 3659: 3637: 3615: 3580: 3558: 3536: 3514: 3492: 3470: 3448: 3411: 3389: 3367: 3345: 3323: 3301: 3280: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3233: 3224: 3207: 3198: 3189: 3166: 3151: 3136: 3121: 3084: 3055: 3029: 3000: 2983: 2968: 2939: 2922: 2900: 2868: 2847: 2826: 2797: 2776: 2761: 2738: 2717: 2702: 2679: 2658: 2639: 2616: 2595: 2077: 1762:

Sanskrit's link to the Prakrit languages and other Indo-European languages

1558: 1545: 1530: 1520: 1505: 1298:, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna. 785: 746: 622:, however, were composed in a range of oral storytelling registers called 507: 492: 384: 374: 365: 30112: 29990: 29822: 29772: 29650: 28682: 27470: 27285: 26788: 26446: 26414: 26320: 26044: 25493: 24449: 24017: 23486:

The Philosophy of the Grammarians, in Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies

22072: 21806: 21773: 21700: 20683:. A History of Indian Literature. Vol. 6. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 18832:

Hiltebeitel, Alf (2000). "Review: John Brockington, The Sanskrit Epics".

18008: 17667: 16356: 14516: 12807: 11244: 10667: 10564: 10511: 9859: 9284: 9272: 9056: 8980: 8976: 8920: 8912: 8753: 8633: 8453: 8438: 8347: 8315: 8300: 8295: 8245: 8052: 8006: 7999: 7858: 7850: 7836: 7470: 6469: 6274: 6119: 6023: 3159: 2390: 2273: 1973: 1941: 1901: 1827:

Today, it is believed that Kashmiri is the closest language to Sanskrit.

1814: 1780: 1705: 1358: 1324: 1283: 1011: 980: 735:

Historic Sanskrit manuscripts: a religious text (top), and a medical text

287: 26196: 26179: 26016: 25945: 25916: 25788: 25767: 25724:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

25240: 25104: 25035: 24821: 23980: 23725: 23398: 22668:"Sanskrit script opens the path to spirituality and helps improve focus" 22153: 21186:. London: The Belknap Press Of Harvard University Press. pp. 12–14. 20958:

Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and transformation in Hindu and Jaina texts

18509:

A History of Indian Literature: Buddhist literature and Jaina literature

16393:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

16203: 16182: 13930: 13928: 9719:

While Vedic and epic form of speech is largely cognate to that of other

6270: 6066:

are heavy. The classical Sanskrit found in Hindu scriptures such as the

4304:, or "the hymn of praise for the teacher (guru)". (4 min 55 s) 29960: 29571: 28687: 27579: 27548: 27519: 26615: 26409: 26289: 25990: 25710: 24482: 24284: 24026: 22280: 22149: 20271: 19179: 19177: 19107: 19105: 17893: 17764:"HP Assy clears three Bills, Sanskrit becomes second official language" 16287: 16141:

The Spitzer Manuscript: The Oldest Philosophical Manuscript in Sanskrit

16065:

Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE

15929: 14575: 14544: 14520: 12749:

The first reference to 'Sanskrit' in the context of language is in the

12225:

And, O Lord of earth, he spoke this word to Hrsikesha (Krsna): ...

11703: 11690: 11007: 10973: 10878: 10620:

for the best creative work in Sanskrit every year since 1967. In 2009,

10573: 10458:, for example, the motto of the Indonesian National Police which reads 10376: 10182: 9844: 9834: 9102: 8503: 8498: 8491: 8260: 7989: 7846: 7832: 7764: 7756: 7748: 7740: 7732: 7724: 7716: 7708: 7700: 7692: 7481: 6999: 6965: 6875: 6317: 6232: 6144:

One of the oldest surviving Sanskrit manuscript pages in Gupta script (

6135: 6104: 5611: 4313: 3144: 2385:

In India, Sanskrit is among the 22 official languages of India in

2320: 2058:, and it is dated to the late 4th century to early 5th century CE. 1994: 1977: 1541: 1328: 1003: 668: 132: 26086: 24639: 24420: 24399:

Salomon, Richard (1995). "On the Origin of the Early Indian Scripts".

22700:

Sects, Cults, and Alternative Religions: A world survey and sourcebook

21282:. Vol. 90, no. 1–2. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 89. 20227: 19039: 18023: 18021: 17686:

Cynthia Groff (2013). Jo Arthur Shoba and Feliciano Chimbutane (ed.).

16161:

Eli Franco (2003). "The Oldest Philosophical Manuscript in Sanskrit".

14066: 14039: 12732: 12700: 2084:, around the fourth century BCE. Its position in the cultures of 29909: 29290: 28585: 28451: 28369: 28278: 28258: 26947: 26942: 26674: 26023: 24802:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

20320:

Dharmasastra and Juridical Literature: A history of Indian literature

19724: 19582: 17922: 17901: 13925: 11825: 11821: 11592:

Sanskrit is written in many scripts. Sounds in grey are not phonemic.

11180: 11159:

has named the five missiles (ballistic and others) that it developed

11043: 11011: 11003: 10949: 10732:

Since 1974, there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run

10380: 9932: 9355: 8955: 8733: 8537: 8508: 7466: 6810: 6444: 6306:, Haryana. It shows a "schoolboy's writing lessons", states Salomon. 6228: 6223: 6109: 4334: 2569: 2344: 2210:

Sanskrit language manuscripts exist in many scripts. Above from top:

2051: 2017: 1945: 1837: 1701: 1400:

Sanskrit. The treaty also invokes the gods Varuna, Mitra, Indra, and

1382: 972: 941: 683: 397: 358: 340: 322: 25974: 25830: 25694: 25419:

Kessler-Persaud, Anne (2009). Knut A. Jacobsen; et al. (eds.).

24474: 23967:

The Fourteenth Dalai Lama (1979). "Sanskrit in Tibetan Literature".

23864: 23347:

The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History

22141: 20014: 19228: 19174: 19162: 19150: 19102: 16995: 16993: 16991: 16989: 16987: 15644: 14536: 14351: 14339: 14327: 8923:

site, near the Girnar mountain of Junagadh and elsewhere such as at

8786:. The earliest of these, states Salomon, are attributed to Ksatrapa 2524:. The Sanskrit vowels are inherently long, though often transcribed 2036:

combines two writing scripts and compares the king to the Hindu god

1641: 940:

Other Indo-European languages distantly related to Sanskrit include

30072: 29975: 29937: 29787: 29428: 28707: 28407: 27500: 26962: 26957: 26937: 26695: 26035: 24631: 24412: 21941:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan. p. 7. 21440: 20125: 18173: 18142: 18018: 17844: 17560:

Kazakhstan: Religions and Society in the History of Central Eurasia

17005: 16593: 16346: 16344: 15538:

Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan

14985: 14983: 14981: 14979: 14977: 13730: 12751: 12676: 12240:

Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan

11876: 10918:

offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the

10874: 10812: 10788: 10745:, a daily printed newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of 10741: 10656: 10540: 10443: 10431: 10283: 9927: 9853: 9292: 9288: 9179:

Kāma·sūtra, Pañca·sāyaka, Rati·rahasya, Rati·mañjari, Anaṅga·ranga

9156: 8971: 8389: 7958: 7938: 7518: 7485: 6459: 6282: 3288: 2603: 2364: 2360: 2348: 2230:(early Sharada). All are Hindu texts except the last Buddhist text. 1990: 1958: 1802: 1774: 1743: 1713: 1689: 1537: 1378: 1374: 585: 554: 546: 432: 24957:"Knowledge Representation in Sanskrit and Artificial Intelligence" 22847: 22536:"A Sanskrit class being conducted in a village in Bali, Indonesia" 21745:

Ritual Songs and Folk Songs of the Hindus of Surinam: Proefschrift

20536:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 1–4, with a long list in Part II. 18704:

Poona Orientalist: A Quarterly Journal Devoted to Oriental Studies

15880: 15687:

Guide to OCR for Indic Scripts: Document Recognition and Retrieval

15554:

Indic Across the Millennia: from the Rigveda to Modern Indo-Aryans

10853:

Dmitri Mendeleev used the Sanskrit numbers of one, two and three (

10807:(ICSE) board, especially in states where the official language is 10243: 10145: 8591: 1501:'s time become unintelligible to all except ancient Indian sages. 29285: 28894: 28839: 28565: 28341: 28212: 27685: 27419: 26932: 24299: 23660:. Center for South Asia Studies, University of California Press. 23015:

Croaking frogs: a guide to Sanskrit metrics and figures of speech

22868: 21317:

The languages and linguistics of South Asia a comprehensive guide

21219:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. Section 23.2, 23.3. 20194: 18318: 18316: 18314: 18312: 18310: 18297: 18295: 18293: 17477:

Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE

17422: 16984: 16368: 16037: 15580:

The languages and linguistics of South Asia a comprehensive guide

15040: 14956: 14944: 14096: 13688: 12764: 11976: 11972: 11320: 11130: 10870: 10372: 10201: 10194: 9944: 9936: 9921: 9872: 9414: 9363: 9280: 9276: 9260: 8916: 8721: 7493: 6401: 6335: 6303: 6278: 6208: 6039: 5669: 2666: 2356: 2340: 2055: 1806: 1717:

had the capacity to understand the old Prakrit languages such as

1693: 1674: 1647: 1551: 1440: 1401: 1396: 1342: 1316: 1033:

forms (with the addition of Old English for further comparison):

1030: 1007: 787: 637: 581: 558: 428: 25064:

Coulson, Michael (1992). Richard Gombrich; James Benson (eds.).

22894: 20511: 19026:

The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

18208:. Center for South Asia Studies. University of California Press. 16341: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15337: 15335: 15333: 15331: 14974: 13952: 13648: 13646: 10527:

Sanskrit is the sacred language of various Hindu, Buddhist, and

5732:, which focus on irregularly formed derivatives from the roots. 4259:

is prominent in the morphological system, states Jamison, while

1860:

Shulman mentions that "Dravidian nonfinite verbal forms (called

30044: 29548: 29435: 29368: 28657: 27680: 27529: 27504: 27061: 27053: 26977: 26868: 26793: 25091:

Filliozat, J. (1955). "Sanskrit as Language of Communication".

21035: 19465: 18671:

Preminger, Alex; Warnke, Frank J.; Hardison Jr., O. B. (2015).

18398:

Kiparsky, Paul (2014). Koerner, E. F. K.; Asher, R. E. (eds.).

16631: 16629: 16627: 16625: 15764: 15295: 14056: 14054: 13358:

Transitive Nouns and Adjectives: Evidence from Early Indo-Aryan

13286:

Dying Words: Endangered languages and what they have to tell us

12392:

Transitive Nouns and Adjectives: Evidence from Early Indo-Aryan

11854: 10776: 10750: 10746: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10338: 10221: 8787: 8717: 8011: 7537: 6454: 6236: 5745: 5673: 4149: 2037: 2029: 1986: 1909: 1709: 1498: 1468: 857: 699: 695: 25924:

van der Veer, Peter (2008). "Does Sanskrit Knowledge Exist?".

25068:(2nd, revised by Gombrich and Benson ed.). Random House. 22637: 21249:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 331–332. 21095:. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press. p. 3. 20858:

Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-religious study of the Hindu sacraments

20067: 20065: 18307: 18290: 18069: 17540: 17538: 15684:

P M Scharf; M Hyman (2009). V Govindaraju and S Setlur (ed.).

15426:(3). Louvain-la-Neuve, France: Université de Louvain: 539–541. 14827:

Schrift im alten Indien: ein Forschungsbericht mit Anmerkungen

14693:

Kawaguchi, Yuji; Minegishi, Makoto; Viereck, Wolfgang (2011).

13993: 13991: 13706: 12346: 12344: 12342: 12340: 12338: 1373:, along with the embedded and layered Vedic texts such as the 96:(top) A 19th-century illustrated Sanskrit manuscript from the 29418: 28934: 28560: 28507: 27495: 27393: 26451: 26121: 25799:

Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins

22880:. Official website of the Air-Force Special Forces (Paskhas). 22395:"The Myth of 'Sanskrit Villages' and the Realm of Soft Power" 22302: 21404: 21373: 19024:

Nado, Lopon (1982). "The development of language in Bhutan".

17182: 15389: 15328: 13818: 13643: 11393: 11391: 11101: 'hard-working knights serving bravery as nations hero' 11031: 11015: 10808: 9880: 9268: 9098: 9000: 8799: 8709: 8598: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7544: 7530: 7429: 7417: 7407: 7397: 7377: 7361: 7342: 7325: 7300: 7284: 7272: 7250: 7226: 7210: 7188: 7176: 7160: 7142: 7126: 7110: 7092: 7083: 7075: 7058: 7040: 7024: 7008: 6990: 6973: 6956: 6938: 6922: 6906: 6894: 6883: 6866: 6842: 6820: 6749: 6739: 6730: 6720: 6695: 6685: 6666: 6653: 6638: 6625: 6610: 6579: 6564: 6551: 6536: 6523: 6517: 6500: 6489: 6361: 6152: 6076: 2122: 2089: 2025: 1937: 1738: 800:

literally means "original, natural, normal, artless", states

647: 642: 533:. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had 140: 26118:— Collection of Sanskrit Shlokas from Various Sanskrit Texts 26104: 25961:

Whitney, W.D. (1885). "The Roots of the Sanskrit Language".

24497: 20004: 20002: 19936: 19934: 19892: 19890: 19757: 19755: 19753: 19751: 19140: 19138: 19136: 19134: 19132: 18906: 18438: 18436: 18366: 18364: 18362: 18360: 18358: 18356: 18354: 18352: 18339: 18337: 18335: 18333: 18331: 18261: 18259: 18257: 18255: 18253: 18115: 18113: 18088: 18086: 18084: 17192:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–19, 203–212, 236–245. 16896:

Hatcher, Brian A. (2016). "Sanskrit and the morning after".

16622: 16043: 15824: 15822: 15820: 15818: 15816: 15814: 15812: 15595:

The relation between Tamil and classical Sanskrit literature

14774: 14772: 14051: 13637: 13437: 13086: 12632: 11018:

for various national, educational and social organisations:

10470:

are one of the small examples. Other Sanskrit terms such as

8979:) is dated to the 4th century. Elsewhere, such as Dehradun ( 6269:

were discovered in Rajasthan. It is a dedication to deities

4337:

and morphology, particularly in the variant forms of roots.

30084: 29932: 29543: 29423: 28641: 28196: 27509: 26239: 25003:(1993). "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit: The Original Language". 23657:

Devavāṇīpraveśikā: An Introduction to the Sanskrit Language

22814:

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology

21660:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 402–407, 21494: 20062: 20050: 20038: 20026: 19080: 19078: 18967:

Hermeneutics and Hindu Thought: Toward a Fusion of Horizons

18670: 18666: 18664: 18575:

Sargeant, Winthrop (2010). Chapple, Christopher Key (ed.).

18206:

Devavāṇīpraveśikā: An introduction to the Sanskrit language

18042: 18040: 18038: 18036: 17689:

Bilingual Education and Language Policy in the Global South

17557:

Gian Luca Bonora; Niccolò Pianciola; Paolo Sartori (2009).

17535: 17494: 17455: 17323: 17311: 17299: 16815: 16641: 16329: 14833: 14801:

Hermeneutics and Hindu Thought: Toward a Fusion of Horizons

13988: 13874: 13316:

Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia

13314:. In Thomas F. Glick; Steven Livesey; Faith Wallis (eds.). 12335: 12315:

The Myth of 'Sanskrit Villages' and the Realm of Soft Power

12307: 12305: 12274: 12272: 11975:

of India" that the Sanskrit inscriptions appear later than

11929: 11253:, a song entirely sung in Sanskrit. The closing credits of 10885: 10528: 10462:, the motto of the Indonesian Military Academy which reads 9012: 6464: 6396: 5605: 2564: 2352: 2013: 1810: 1697: 866: 25022:

Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1957). "Indianism and Sanskrit".

24646: 24154: 23807: 22101:

Loanwords in the World's Languages: A comparative handbook

22012:"Sanskrit's first Jnanpith winner is a 'poet by instinct'" 21454:

Orzech, Charles; Sørensen, Henrik; Payne, Richard (2011).

20999: 20277: 19543: 19531: 19519: 19507: 19453: 19436: 19303: 19270: 19258: 19246: 18535: 18460: 17793: 17791: 17789: 17787: 17785: 17340: 17338: 16681:. Columbia University Press. pp. 9–15, 30–36, 45–47. 16658: 16656: 15980: 15951:

History of Linguistic Thought and Contemporary Linguistics

15851:

History of Linguistic Thought and Contemporary Linguistics

15725: 14870:

Der Beginn der Schrift und frühe Schriftlichkeit in Indien

13700: 13676: 13658: 13564:. In Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S. N. Sridhar (eds.). 12556: 12554: 12508: 12506: 12469:. In Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S. N. Sridhar (eds.). 12181:हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते । अर्जुन उवाच । ...॥ २१ ॥ 11962:

Some scholars date these to the 2nd century BCE.

11490:, meaning "sky father". The Mycenaean Greek equivalent is 11388: 11014:, and Southeast Asia, Sanskrit phrases are widely used as 4143: 2256:

that Indians contextually prize, and which some practice.

1504:

The formalization of the Sanskrit language is credited to

431:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

28288: 26230: 25681:

Petersen, Walter (1912). "Vedic, Sanskrit, and Prakrit".

25579:

The Sanskrit language: an introductory grammar and reader

25066:

Sanskrit : an introduction to the classical language

24591:. Translated by Nathmal Tatia. Rowman & Littlefield. 24454:

The Fidelity of Oral Tradition and the Origins of Science

23966: 22920:"Indian-origin New Zealand MP takes the oath in Sanskrit" 22126:"The Sanskrit Loan-words in the Cebuano-Bisayan Language" 21474: 21245:

Kachru, B.B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S.N, eds. (2008).

19999: 19989: 19987: 19985: 19970: 19946: 19931: 19909: 19907: 19905: 19887: 19875: 19748: 19129: 19090: 18951:

Arjuna–Odysseus: Shared Heritage in Indian and Greek Epic

18918: 18869: 18867: 18865: 18863: 18477: 18475: 18433: 18423: 18421: 18376: 18349: 18328: 18280: 18278: 18276: 18274: 18250: 18240: 18238: 18236: 18234: 18232: 18230: 18204:

Goldman, Robert P.; Sutherland Goldman, Sally J. (2002).

18203: 18185: 18163: 18161: 18159: 18157: 18132: 18130: 18128: 18110: 18081: 18059: 18057: 18055: 17839:

Michael Coulson, Richard Gombrich & James Benson 2011

17243:. University of California Press. pp. 8, 13–15, 49. 16362: 15809: 14907: 14769: 14759: 14757: 14755: 14692: 13750:"Ancient tablet found: Oldest readable writing in Europe" 12906:

For detailed comparison of the languages, see pp. 90–126.

11460: 11129:) is the official motto of the Air-Force Special Forces ( 11118:) is the official motto of the Army Psychological Corps, 8601:

bless those who take delight in the language of the gods.

1657:

Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana

471: 456: 26014: 25857:

The Language of the Harappans: From Akkadian to Sanskrit

25099:(3/4). Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute: 179–189. 24431:

Subject lessons: the Western education of colonial India

24114: 23769:

Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture

23462:

Michael Coulson; Richard Gombrich; James Benson (2011).

21918:

Post-independence Sanskrit literature: a critical survey

20987: 20961:. State University of New York Press. pp. 192–193. 20885: 20086:, pp. 445–447, in the chapter by Christopher Court. 19352:. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 83. 19075: 18963: 18880:. State University of New York Press. pp. 111–121. 18661: 18033: 17810: 17808: 17806: 17218: 16972: 16770: 16429: 16427: 16425: 15578:

Hock, Hans Henrich; Bashir, E.; Subbarao, K. V. (2016).

14962: 14027: 13934: 13718: 13449: 13233:; it is composed in archaic Indo-Aryan (Vedic Sanskrit). 12694: 12692: 12302: 12269: 10803:

VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the

10162:

Anxi, Kangju, Tianzhu, Yan Fodiao, Faxian, Xuanzang and

9919:

have borrowed many words either directly from Sanskrit (

8681: 6218:

The oldest datable writing systems for Sanskrit are the

26011:

31 Sanskrit and Dravidian dictionaries for Lingvo.

25632:

Milestones in Archaeology: A Chronological Encyclopedia

24187: 21836: 21315:

Hock, Hans Henrich; Bashir, E.; Subbarao, K.V. (2016).

21023: 21011: 20499: 20336: 20122:, pp. 446–448 in the chapter by Christopher Court. 20110:, pp. 445–456 in the chapter by Christopher Court. 20098:, pp. 445–447 in the chapter by Christopher Court. 19051: 18727:. Oxford University Press. pp. xvi–xviii, xxxvii. 18455:

Robert P. Goldman & Sally J Sutherland Goldman 2002

18015:, to be examples of "phonetic overkill in the system". 17866:

Robert P. Goldman & Sally J Sutherland Goldman 2002

17827:

Robert P. Goldman & Sally J Sutherland Goldman 2002

17782: 17362: 17350: 17335: 16967:

Robert P. Goldman & Sally J Sutherland Goldman 2002

16803: 16653: 16612: 16610: 16608: 16309:

Charles Orzech; Henrik Sørensen; Richard Payne (2011).

16293: 14126: 14078: 13976: 13964: 13074: 12551: 12503: 11554:

A celebrated work on the philosophy of language is the

11191:, a New Zealand politician of Indian origin swore into 9925:

words), or indirectly via middle Indo-Aryan languages (

8962:

era. These inscriptions are also in the Brahmi script.

7885:

double dot, punctuation symbols and others such as the

7602: 5502:

A Sanskrit word has the following canonical structure:

26006: 25384:"The Paninian approach to natural language processing" 24840:

Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction

24689:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 23654:

Robert P. Goldman; Sally J Sutherland Goldman (2002).

23628:; Cohen, Robert S.; Renn, Jürgen; et al. (eds.), 23094:"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (John Williams)" 22859:. Official website of the Indonesian Military Academy. 22365:"Searching for Sanskrit Speakers in the Indian Census" 21526:(eBook) (3rd ed.). World Trade Press. p. 15. 21380:. Oxford University Press. pp. 5–6, 12, 236–247. 20975: 19982: 19902: 19845: 19812: 19773: 19736: 19691: 18894: 18860: 18472: 18418: 18271: 18227: 18154: 18125: 18098: 18052: 17871: 17641:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 16–22, 33–42. 16552:

South Asian in the Mid-South: Migrations of Literacies

16304: 16302: 15732:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 233–234. 15626: 14752: 12818: 11545:, a manuscriptologist and historian. – Peter M. Scharf 11327:

also contain Sanskrit verses. In 2006, Mexican singer

8764:

on the wall of a cave rest stop in the Western Ghats.

2064: 1731: 1678: 1664: 1595: 1594:

numerous "optional rules" beyond the Vedic Sanskrit's

1580: 1574: 1513: 1404:

found in the earliest layers of the Vedic literature.

1390: 820: 795: 759: 753: 58: 46: 26049:— Documents in ITX format of Upanishads, Stotras etc. 25963:

Transactions of the American Philological Association

25595: 25178:

Gamkrelidze, Thomas V.; Ivanov, Vjaceslav V. (2010).

25030:(1/2). Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute: 1–33. 24461:

Staal, J. F. (1963). "Sanskrit and Sanskritization".

23934:

Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (2017).

23632:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 360–375, 22811: 21530: 21348: 21264:. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 8. 21201:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 480. 21072: 20529: 20215: 20155: 19397: 19282: 18784:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 3–4, with footnotes. 17803: 17602:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–165, 183. 17270:

A History of Sanskrit Grammatical Literature in Tibet

16700: 16698: 16422: 15903:

Language and Testimony in Classical Indian Philosophy

14629: 14192: 14003: 13217:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 158–190, 160. 12689: 11715:

Use depends on whether penultimate is light or heavy.

11127: 'working without counting the profit and loss' 10840:

Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University

10659:

uses musical notations in several of its recessions.

10522: 5979:

derivations come from feminine-forming suffixes, the

5962:(literally, "the two heavens" for heaven-and-earth), 576:

language varieties. The most archaic of these is the

465: 462: 459: 453: 25554:. New Delhi, India Oxford: Oxford University Press. 25093:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

25024:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

22731: 21803: 21770: 21748:. Brill Archive. pp. 11–22. GGKEY:GJ0YGRH08YW. 20565: 19063: 18581:. State University of New York Press. pp. 3–8. 16605: 16204:

Robert E. Buswell Jr. & Donald S. Lopez Jr. 2013

14403:

Huet, Gérard; Kulkarni, Amba; Scharf, Peter (2009).

14015: 13461: 13202: 12282:

Searching for Sanskrit Speakers in the Indian Census

10390:

The earliest Sanskrit text which was founded in the

10144:

a bell with Sanskrit engravings in South Korea the

8708:), which has been the academic standard since 1888. 8595:

Sanskrit in modern Indian and other Brahmi scripts:

4178:

rules are more variable than in Classical Sanskrit.

474: 468: 25887:Thieme, Paul (1958). "The Indo-European Language". 25148:

Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction

23987: 23832:Jamison, Stephanie (2008). Roger D. Woodard (ed.). 23765: 23399:Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013). 23372:(3rd, revised ed.). London: Faber & Faber. 23300: 23250:

Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions

22752: 22219: 21921:(1 ed.). New Delhi: Standard publishers India. 21453: 21244: 21153:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 155. 20897: 20517: 19591:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 166, note 243. 18936: 18724:

The Early Upanisads: Annotated text and translation

18578:

The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition

17634: 17380: 17150:. BRILL Academic. pp. 197–223 with footnotes. 16678:

Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court

16299: 15435: 15433: 14568: 14566: 14114: 14102: 14072: 13940: 13619: 13309: 12177:प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ २० ॥ 10261:

the Thai script a Sanskrit inscription in Cambodia

8704:. The system most commonly used today is the IAST ( 8662:predominate, scripts used for Sanskrit include the 8632:emphasizes the acute angles while the neighbouring 5958:signals a paired opposition. Illustrations include 2461:intervocalically to provide morphological clarity. 1895:(2009), Gérard Huet, Amba Kulkarni and Peter Scharf 1861: 1422:

When the wise ones formed Language with their mind,

450: 25754:Raghavan, V. (1968). "Sanskrit: Flow of Studies". 24756: 24738: 24712:A Concise History of Classical Sanskrit Literature 24263:Pollock, Sheldon (2001). "The Death of Sanskrit". 23678: 22989: 21805: 21772: 21741: 21314: 20615:. Oxford University Press – via Archive.org. 20318:Duncan, J.; Derrett, M. (1978). Gonda, Jan (ed.). 20299: 17994: 17979: 17963: 17917:is a consonant, not a vowel. It is a post-vocalic 17726:"Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand" 17266: 16695: 16555:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 85–86. 16254: 15843: 15841: 15839: 15837: 15768:A Concise History of Classical Sanskrit Literature 15577: 15299:A Concise History of Classical Sanskrit Literature 15291: 15289: 15287: 15139:A Concise History of Classical Sanskrit Literature 15056:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol 3 (1970)ac 4616 14919: 14735:Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture 14402: 14045: 13631: 13553: 12974: 12782:Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V.S. Apte's 12674:(samskrita- 'adorned, purified') ... It is in the 12202:. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. p. 86. 12160:, with text in Devanagari, and English translation 11482:An example of the shared phrasal equations is the 10756: 10604:List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Sanskrit 10577:ritually recite entire Sanskrit texts such as the 10224:and writings, as a means of realizing Buddhahood. 8706:International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration 8692:International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration 4056: 4034: 4012: 3990: 3968: 3946: 3907: 3885: 3863: 3841: 3819: 3797: 3775: 3740: 3718: 3696: 3674: 3652: 3630: 3608: 3573: 3551: 3529: 3507: 3485: 3463: 3441: 3404: 3382: 3360: 3338: 3316: 3294: 3077: 3048: 3022: 2993: 2961: 2932: 2891: 2861: 2819: 2790: 2754: 2731: 2695: 2672: 2632: 2609: 1830: 1544:, Śākaṭāyana, Śākalya, Senaka and Sphoṭāyana. The 29162: 25210: 25177: 23786: 22780: 22778: 22776: 22617: 21619:. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. p. XXIII. 21369: 21367: 21365: 21363: 20410:. Vol. 1–5. American Philosophical Society. 19286:(1970). "Sugh Terracotta with Brahmi Barakhadi". 18741: 18644:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics 17595: 16581: 16350: 15897: 15895: 15683: 15645:Gérard Huet; Amba Kulkarni; Peter Scharf (2009). 15268:. Henry S. King & Company. pp. 737–745. 15076:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 6, context: 1–10. 13586: 13487:Constitution in 1949 has now grown to twenty-two. 13425: 13134: 13118:Rigveda (Ṛgveda), Yajurveda, Sāmveda, Atharvaveda 13037: 12566:"The Writing Systems of the Indo-Aryan Languages" 11450:William Jones (1786), quoted by Thomas Burrow in 11331:was influenced in Sanskrit for her concept album 11179:. India's first modern fighter aircraft is named 10925: 10302:in which nearly half the vocabulary is borrowed. 10076: 9887:is a literary language heavily influenced by the 5704:components. These, states Paul Kiparsky, are the 2020:—one of the earliest in southeast Asia after the 1989:who translated them into Chinese by 418 CE. 1620: 1294:, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European 30170: 26100:— dynamic online declension and conjugation tool 25666:. Amsterdam Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. 24925:The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics 24739:Bloomfield, Maurice; Edgerton, Franklin (1932). 23933: 23503: 23482: 22907:Official website of the Indonesian Marine Corps. 22333:"Vision and Roadmap of the Sanskrit Development" 21875: 20882:, pp. 634–635 with the list in Appendix IX. 20485:. Vol. 1 & 2. Oxford University Press. 20119: 20107: 20095: 20083: 19522:, pp. 70–71, 75–76 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 19234: 19183: 19168: 19156: 19123: 19111: 18714: 18677:. Princeton University Press. pp. 394–395. 17144:Sheldon Pollock (1996). Jan E. M. Houben (ed.). 16856: 16548: 16215: 15597:. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 317–320. 15582:. Berlin de Gruyter Mouton. pp. 94–95. 15430: 14696:Corpus-based Analysis and Diachronic Linguistics 14584: 14563: 14352:Stephanie W. Jamison & Joel P. Brereton 2014 14340:Stephanie W. Jamison & Joel P. Brereton 2014 14328:Stephanie W. Jamison & Joel P. Brereton 2014 14144: 13736: 13518:relevance for a language's status and functions. 13468:Gazzola, Michele; Wickström, Bengt-Arne (2016). 13467: 13303: 13130: 13128: 12839: 12458: 11073:(त्रिधर्म एक कर्म) is the official motto of the 10720:contains over 25,500 entries), and even in 8798:: it mentions a stone shrine (temple), pratima ( 6080:on repeating numbers of morae (matra per foot). 1976:, near the northern branch of the Central Asian 1629:An early use of the word for "Sanskrit" in Late 1550:of Panini became the foundation of Vyākaraṇa, a 26492:Legendary creatures in Sanskrit Hindu mythology 26040:an organisation promoting the usage of Sanskrit 25418: 24551: 24229: 24048: 23865:Stephanie W. Jamison; Joel P. Brereton (2014). 23267: 22594: 21278:. Contemporary Indian Literature: A symposium. 21234:. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 501–502. 21056:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit grammar and dictionary 20131: 18697: 18179: 18148: 18027: 17970: 17889: 17850: 17262: 17260: 17143: 17011: 16999: 16945:, Indica et Tibetica Verlag, pp. 205–228, 16942:Pāsādikadānaṃ: Festschrift für Bhikkhu Pāsādika 16898:The Indian Economic & Social History Review 16674: 16668: 16599: 16439: 16374: 15941: 15834: 15284: 15059:. p. 153, line 14 of the inscription. 14357: 14155: 14153: 13958: 13824: 13652: 13531:"Indian village where people speak in Sanskrit" 12943: 12918: 12916: 12914: 12912: 12883: 12881: 12879: 12263: 12243:. Oxford University Press. pp. xiv, 1–16. 11820:Kena, Katha, Isha, Shvetashvatara, and Mundaka 11516:of Pāṇini may be borrowed from the Old Persian 11028:(सत्यमेव जयते), meaning 'truth alone triumphs'. 9824: 8986:According to Salomon, the 4th-century reign of 8696:Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been 1413:they first set forth the beginning of Language, 1335:The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as 174:There are no known native speakers of Sanskrit. 25388:International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 25319:Theoretical Bases of Indo-European Linguistics 23835:The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas 23681:The Interface Between the Written and the Oral 22991:"The opera novice: Satyagraha by Philip Glass" 22773: 21843:. Princeton University Press. pp. 49–53. 21457:Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia 21360: 21047: 19662: 19195: 18811:. Firenze University Press. pp. 264–265. 18808:Collected Essays: Language, texts, and society 18754:. Firenze University Press. pp. 293–295. 18751:Collected Essays: Language, texts, and society 18634: 18481:James Lochtefeld, James (2002). "Chandas". In 18393: 18391: 16708:Sanskrit & Prakrit, Sociolinguistic Issues 16542: 16470: 16464: 16312:Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia 16100: 15892: 15178:Pali Buddhist Texts: Explained to the beginner 15100:Language and Civilization Change in South Asia 14253:The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas 13886: 13791: 13492: 13384: 13382: 13092: 13056:. University of California Press. p. 14. 12843:The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas 12638: 12515:"Sociolinguistics of the Indo-Aryan languages" 11789: 11783: 11777: 11771: 11588: 11586: 10998:Sanskritised naming of places across the world 10994:Sanskritised naming of people across the world 10914:. In Australia, the private boys' high school 10655:of Sanskrit are popular throughout India. The 9816:loquacious through the agitation of the waves 9508: 9413:As an Indo-European language, Sanskrit's core 5933: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5898: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5755: 5749: 2504:(अ) distinguish length in Sanskrit. The short 2263: 2135:states that in some crucial way, "Sanskrit is 1900:Sanskrit has been the predominant language of 501: 486: 105: 400 – 200 BCE 52: 40: 30189:Languages attested from the 2nd millennium BC 29148: 28467: 26631: 26255: 26082:for typing Sanskrit in the Devanagari script. 24757:Bahadur, P.; Jain, A.; Chauhan, D.S. (2011). 24724:. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. 24081: 22956: 22253:. News on Air. 15 August 2012. Archived from 22034: 21984:. Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan. Archived from 21163: 20954: 20763:, Volumes 1 through 27, Motilal Banarsidass, 20625: 20317: 19919: 19623: 19439:, pp. 70, 75–77 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 18984: 18930: 18647:. Oxford University Press. pp. 228–234. 17685: 17516:Journey to Outer Mongolia: A diary with poems 17429:. Oxford University Press. pp. 343–344. 17066:The Ecology of Language in Multilingual India 16509: 16107:. Springer. pp. 175–178 with footnotes. 16068:. Oxford University Press. pp. 395–396. 16038:Louis Renou & Jagbans Kishore Balbir 2004 15721: 15719: 15041:Louis Renou & Jagbans Kishore Balbir 2004 14957:Louis Renou & Jagbans Kishore Balbir 2004 14945:Louis Renou & Jagbans Kishore Balbir 2004 14845: 14649:L'Inde Classique, manuel des etudes indiennes 14097:Louis Renou & Jagbans Kishore Balbir 2004 13997: 13689:Louis Renou & Jagbans Kishore Balbir 2004 13568:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–. 13348: 13275: 13273: 13271: 13125: 12985:. In Bryan S. Turner; Oscar Salemink (eds.). 12473:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–. 12418: 12416: 12194: 12049:These are just generic names for works of law 11803:The Sanskrit in the Indian epics such as the 11157:Defence Research and Development Organisation 10898:Sanskrit revival § Revival outside India 10173: 8572: 7812: 4370:Various renditions of Sanskrit pronunciation 3113:Sanskrit consonants in the Devanagari script 1425:purifying it like grain with a winnowing fan, 1341:. The earliest attested Sanskrit text is the 705: 25923: 25516: 25348: 24332: 24300:Louis Renou; Jagbans Kishore Balbir (2004). 23483:Harold G. Coward (1990). Karl Potter (ed.). 23343: 23200:(in Spanish). 7 January 2007. Archived from 23142:"Battlestar Galactica (TV Series 2004–2009)" 23006: 22464:"In 2013, UPA to CBSE: Make Sanskrit a must" 22215: 22213: 21196: 21084: 18873: 18674:Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics 18322: 18301: 18075: 17423:Todd T. Lewis; Subarna Man Tuladhar (2009). 17418: 17416: 17257: 16738:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 24–25. 16062:Paul Dundas (2006). Patrick Olivelle (ed.). 15854:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 102–130. 15540:. Oxford University Press. pp. 120–121. 15261: 15218: 15216: 15214: 14989: 14860: 14797: 14150: 13880: 13251:. Harvard University Press. pp. 17–19. 12923:Ramat, Anna Giacalone; Ramat, Paolo (2015). 12909: 12876: 12846:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2. 12835: 12833: 11558:by the 5th-century Hindu scholar Bhartrhari. 11486:in Vedic Sanskrit, from Proto-Indo-European 11142: 'on the sea and land we are glorious' 10787:, established in 1791 in the Indian city of 10624:became the first Sanskrit author to win the 10290:. Many Sanskrit loanwords are also found in 9791:Classical Sanskrit's pre-eminent playwright 6028:The Sanskrit language formally incorporates 4091:, could suggest an affricate pronunciation. 1431:an auspicious mark placed on their language. 592:influenced Sanskrit's phonology and syntax. 27:Ancient Indo-European language of South Asia 30118:Meitei associate official language movement 26091:— sources results from Monier Williams etc. 25828: 25661: 25349:Keown, Damien; Prebish, Charles S. (2013). 24921: 24843:(2nd ed.). John Benjamins Publishing. 24800:Bailey, H. W. (1955). "Buddhist Sanskrit". 23588: 23555: 23489:. Vol. 5. Princeton University Press. 23246: 22725: 22279:. Newsonair. 15 August 2012. Archived from 21999:contemporary literature in other languages. 21882:. Princeton University Press. p. 179. 21812:. University of California Press. pp. 21779:. University of California Press. pp. 21699: 21651: 20922:. Routledge. pp. 68–76, 149, 307–310. 20915: 20891: 19377:. Oxford University Press. pp. 33–47. 19322:. Unicode Standards (Report). 2013. 13002. 19199:Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations 18948: 18831: 18613: 18388: 18218: 17111:(2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 66–67. 17030:. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–17. 16731: 16516:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 183–185. 16450:. Leiden New York: E.J. Brill. p. 11. 16261:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 245–246. 16061: 14866: 14829:(in German). Gunter Narr. pp. 109–167. 14596: 14509: 13712: 13664: 13379: 13238: 13043: 12956:. Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15. 12772: 12236: 11923:Salomon illustrates this for the consonant 11879:who visited ancient India with the army of 11583: 10936:European scholarship in Sanskrit, begun by 10205: 6231:in the Tarim Basin of western China and in 6054:(heavy). This classification is based on a 29155: 29141: 28474: 28460: 26638: 26624: 26585:Sanskrit academic institutes outside India 26262: 26248: 25517:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). 25293:(4). Cambridge University Press: 573–614. 25247: 25046:Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction 24999: 24888: 24808:(1/2). Cambridge University Press: 13–24. 24530: 24469:(3). Cambridge University Press: 261–275. 24271:(2). Cambridge University Press: 392–426. 24265:Comparative Studies in Society and History 23017:. Los Angeles: Mahodara Press. p. 1. 22838:. Official website of the Indonesian Army. 22423: 22098: 21652:Yule, Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (2010), 21492: 21408:The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics 21377:The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics 20408:A Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit 20357:King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India 18774: 18641:Scharf, Peter (2013). Allan, Keith (ed.). 18502: 17679: 17189:The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics 16503: 16474:American Indian Linguistics and Literature 16160: 15999:John Kelly (1996). Jan E.M. Houben (ed.). 15998: 15947: 15847: 15716: 15353: 14925: 14738:. Columbia University Press. p. 728. 14725: 14676:. pp. 213–215. Paris: Les Belles Lettres. 14476: 14435: 14282: 13724: 13268: 12922: 12719:(1). Cambridge University Press: 152–154. 12568:. In George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain (eds.). 12517:. In George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain (eds.). 12413: 12384: 12382: 12350: 12101: 11853:describes the young Siddhartha—the future 11086: 'unmatchable bird with noble goals' 10333:, although more are derived from Spanish. 9714: 9169:Āyurveda, Suśruta·saṃhitā, Caraka·saṃhitā 8579: 8565: 7819: 7805: 5590:Word morphology in Sanskrit, A. M. Ruppel 2532:without the diacritic. The vocalic liquid 2304: 25689:(4). American Oriental Society: 414–428. 25439: 25298: 25111: 25090: 25021: 24759:"English to Sanskrit Machine Translation" 24135: 24016: 23623: 23606: 23536: 23465:Complete Sanskrit: A Teach Yourself Guide 22784: 22494:"Central Sanskrit Universities Act, 2020" 22210: 21931: 21914: 21411:. Oxford University Press. pp. 5–6. 20586:Subhāṣita: Gnomic and didactic literature 20583: 20430: 20322:. Vol. 4. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 19581: 19546:, pp. 72–73 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 19534:, pp. 70–71 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 19510:, pp. 70–78 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 19456:, pp. 75–77 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 19404:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 671–672. 19341: 19306:, pp. 68–70 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 19261:, pp. 68–72 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 19249:, pp. 69–70 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 18985:Takao Hayashi (2008). Gavin Flood (ed.). 17413: 17236: 16711:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 118–124. 16704: 15402: 15341: 15211: 15174: 15136:Shastri, Gaurinath Bhattacharyya (1987). 15008:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 236–244. 15001: 14603:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. xix–xxi. 14295:. Oxford University Press. pp. 2–3. 14256:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 14060: 14033: 14009: 13804:. Vol. I. UNESCO. pp. 357–358. 13777:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 75–76. 13774:Zoroastrianism: A guide for the perplexed 13559: 13455: 13443: 13215:Contact And Exchange in the Ancient World 13172:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–2. 13093:Cardona, George; Luraghi, Silvia (2018). 13022:. On the basis of internal evidence, the 12830: 12788:. Poona: Prasad Prakashan. p. 1596. 12784:The practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary 12639:Cardona, George; Luraghi, Silvia (2018). 12464: 12429:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. 12311: 12278: 11646: 11644: 11306:Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace 11037:Janani Janmabhūmischa Swargādapi Garīyasī 10811:. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional 10805:Indian Certificate of Secondary Education 10531:traditions. It is used during worship in 9971:– unassimilated loanwords from Sanskrit. 9132:Dharma·sūtras/Dharma·śāstras, Manu·smṛti 8802:, images) and calls the five Vrishnis as 4300:A recitation of the Sanskrit composition 2552:Sanskrit vowels in the Devanagari script 833: 667:, and in the modern era most commonly in 26645: 26557:Sanskrit inscriptions in the Malay world 26525:Sanskrit mottos of universities in India 26078:"Lexilogos Devanagari Sanskrit Keyboard" 25774: 25753: 25683:Journal of the American Oriental Society 25680: 25458: 25042: 24620:Journal of the American Oriental Society 24584: 24401:Journal of the American Oriental Society 24210: 23699: 23541:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. 22225:"Delhi's Belly | Sanskrit-vanskrit" 21405:William S.-Y. Wang; Chaofen Sun (2015). 21374:William S.-Y. Wang; Chaofen Sun (2015). 21053: 21041: 20675: 20354: 19630:. Routledge. p. 46, note 118. 18942: 18804: 18747: 18720: 18574: 18483:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism 18397: 17480:. Oxford University Press. p. 356. 17473: 17069:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 183–185. 16938: 16860:A History of Indian Literature, Volume 1 16635: 16049: 15948:J.F. Staal (1976). Herman Parret (ed.). 15848:J.F. Staal (1976). Herman Parret (ed.). 15765:Gaurinath Bhattacharyya Shastri (1987). 15521:Kashmir: Its Aborigines and Their Exodus 15296:Gaurinath Bhattacharyya Shastri (1987). 14363: 14210: 14166:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 11–17. 13801:History of Civilizations of Central Asia 13797: 13638:Angus Stevenson & Maurice Waite 2011 13581:one or other of the migrants' languages. 13395:. Oxford University Press. pp. 2–. 13159: 12498:one or other of the migrants' languages. 11724:The "root + affix" is called the "stem". 11297:featured choirs singing in Sanskrit for 10766: 10358: 10234:Sanskrit inscriptions in the Malay world 10148:calligraphy of Siddham-Sanskrit in Japan 8999:and the Sak River, early 5th century in 8638: 8590: 7892: 6260: 6139: 5541:have the following canonical structure: 2324: 2311:Sanskrit inscriptions in the Malay world 2003: 1963: 1624: 1482: 1416:Their most excellent and spotless secret 1315: 758:('together, good, well, perfected') and 25960: 25853: 25795: 25549: 25479: 25315: 25144: 25063: 24967:(1). RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center. 24922:Bowern, Claire; Evans, Bethwyn (2015). 24869: 24719: 24708: 24498:Angus Stevenson; Maurice Waite (2011). 24398: 24365: 24262: 23990:"Authority and Orality in the Mahāyāna" 23831: 23591:"Why Did the Buddhists Adopt Sanskrit?" 23438: 23419: 23329:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 23226: 22696: 22175: 22117: 21982:"Adhunika Sanskrit Sahitya Pustakalaya" 21319:. Berlin De Gruyter Mouton. p. 95. 21274: 21229: 21181: 21017: 20879: 20806:. Vol. 7. Oxford University Press. 20799: 20761:The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies 20626:Baumer, Rachel; Brandon, James (1993). 20405: 20233: 20221: 20200: 20161: 20071: 20056: 20044: 20032: 20020: 20008: 19993: 19976: 19964: 19952: 19940: 19925: 19913: 19896: 19881: 19851: 19761: 19742: 19730: 19372: 19144: 19096: 19084: 19069: 19057: 19045: 19017: 18912: 18900: 18554:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 86–91. 18442: 18427: 18382: 18370: 18343: 18284: 18265: 18244: 18191: 18167: 18136: 18119: 18104: 18092: 18063: 18046: 17877: 17814: 17797: 17673: 17638:Hyecho's Journey: The world of Buddhism 17544: 17500: 17461: 17368: 17356: 17344: 17329: 17317: 17305: 16895: 16863:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 37–39. 16821: 16809: 16662: 16647: 16616: 16335: 15954:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 121–125. 15905:, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 15828: 15803: 15617: 15535: 15531: 15529: 15439: 15414: 15363:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 42–46. 15302:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 20–23. 15142:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 18–19. 15135: 15096: 15069: 14851: 14839: 14763: 14635: 14597:Pāṇini; Katre, Sumitra Mangesh (1989). 14441: 14249: 14217:. Thames & Hudson. pp. 56–57. 14108: 13505:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 58–. 13361:. Oxford University Press. p. 58. 13289:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 27–. 13244: 13101:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 497–. 13049: 12987:Routledge Handbook of Religions in Asia 12980: 12824: 12647:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 497–. 12560: 12395:. Oxford University Press. p. 53. 12379: 12107: 11398: 11120:Karmanye Vadikaraste Mafalesu Kadatjana 10828:Central Sanskrit Universities Act, 2020 10539:, it is used in all monasteries, while 10002:, or addition of prothetic vowel as in 9977:vikēndrīkaraṇa, anilīkaraṇa, bahīskruṭa 9967:– those words derived from Prakrit and 4144:Phonological alternations, sandhi rules 2387:the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution 425:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 379: 164:700 BCE – 1350 CE (Classical Sanskrit) 14: 30171: 28481: 25886: 25841:from the original on 21 September 2021 25628: 25576: 24987:from the original on 20 September 2021 24954: 24836: 24799: 24787:from the original on 20 September 2021 24679: 24617: 24336:The Cambridge Introduction to Sanskrit 24215:. Berlin New York: Walter de Gruyter. 23772:. State University of New York Press. 23376: 23364: 23344:Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie (2005). 23321: 23012: 22123: 21536: 21480: 21354: 21310: 21308: 21259: 21210: 21208: 21177: 21175: 21144: 21142: 21128:. Serampur : Serampore Mission Press. 21005: 20993: 20981: 20903: 20650: 20608: 20278:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19864: 19544:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19532:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19520:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19508:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19454:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19437:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19347: 19304:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19271:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19259:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 19247:Dhanesh Jain & George Cardona 2007 18991:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 365. 18640: 18547: 18536:Annette Wilke & Oliver Moebus 2011 18466: 17942: 17224: 16445: 16433: 16258:A Dictionary of Philosophy of Religion 15986: 15886: 15632: 15222: 14968: 14731: 14198: 14132: 14120: 14084: 13982: 13970: 13946: 13892: 13701:Annette Wilke & Oliver Moebus 2011 13208: 13080: 12698: 12426:The Cambridge Introduction to Sanskrit 12422: 12149: 11641: 10597: 10305:Other Austronesian languages, such as 9894: 9814:whose girdle-string is a row of birds, 9216:Drama, dance and the performance arts 6088:nor is there any metre without words. 4126:The Cambridge Introduction to Sanskrit 1022:group of the Indo-European languages. 610:. The greatest dramatist in Sanskrit, 29136: 28455: 26619: 26243: 25829:Sanyal, Ratna; Pappu, Aasish (2008). 25537:from the original on 19 February 2023 25520:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 24696:from the original on 19 November 2021 24647:Annette Wilke; Oliver Moebus (2011). 24460: 24448: 24434:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 23897: 23885:from the original on 7 September 2023 23676: 23100:from the original on 18 November 2011 23037: 23002:from the original on 10 January 2022. 22987: 22938:from the original on 17 December 2020 22759:. Yoda Press. pp. 73–84, 62–87. 22648:from the original on 2 September 2023 22474:from the original on 26 February 2015 22444:from the original on 24 December 2021 22313:from the original on 15 December 2012 21935:Modern Sanskrit Writings in Karnataka 21612: 21587: 21569:from the original on 23 December 2023 21548: 21329: 21214: 21148: 21078: 21029: 20840:, Vol. 1 and 2, Motilal Banarsidass, 20803:An Encyclopedia of Hindu Architecture 20571: 20505: 20480: 20355:Olivelle, Patrick (31 January 2013). 20342: 20305: 19475:. Taylor & Francis. p. 178. 19273:, p. 72 in Chapter 3 by Salomon. 18924: 17904:, or all these according to context". 17512: 17101: 17062: 16877:from the original on 26 December 2023 16477:. Walter De Gruyter. pp. 16–17. 15726:Justin McDaniel; Lynn Ransom (2015). 15550: 15480: 15377:from the original on 26 December 2023 15175:Johansson, Rune Edvin Anders (1981). 15052: 14913: 14895:from the original on 15 December 2023 14798:Sherma, Rita; Sharma, Arvind (2008). 14515: 14309:from the original on 7 September 2023 14159: 14021: 13836: 13601:, Census of India, 2011, p. 30, 13498: 13431: 13279: 13141:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 3–4. 12949: 12887: 12602: 12363:from the original on 24 December 2021 11323:. The lyrics of "The Child in Us" by 11289:chant. The lyrics include the mantra 11239:, sung in Sanskrit. In 1996, English 11210: 11122:(कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन, 11094:Adhitakarya Mahatvavirya Nagarabhakti 10990:Sanskrit honorifics in Southeast Asia 10464:Adhitakarya Mahatvavirya Nagarabhakti 10355:List of Indic loanwords in Indonesian 9804:vīcikṣobhastanitavihagaśreṇikāñcīguṇā 8760:on a red sandstone slab and the long 8682:Transliteration schemes, Romanisation 5764:Voice in Sanskrit, Stephanie Jamison 2516:. The Old Iranian language preserved 1736:) by the cultured and educated. Some 1478: 809:This view is found in the writing of 537:there from the northwest in the late 516: 120: 30224:Languages written in Brahmic scripts 26128: 25741:from the original on 16 January 2023 25280: 24741:Vedic Variants - Part II - Phonetics 24534:Linguistic Archaeology of South Asia 24427: 24191:Study of Sanskrit in South-East Asia 24175:from the original on 11 January 2023 24069:from the original on 1 February 2023 23921:from the original on 18 January 2024 23752: 23449:from the original on 16 October 2023 23422:Pāṇini - His work and its traditions 23402:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 23074:from the original on 31 October 2014 22969:from the original on 17 October 2019 22516:from the original on 22 October 2020 22405:from the original on 24 January 2021 22375:from the original on 21 October 2020 22198:from the original on 11 October 2017 22168: 21682:from the original on 8 February 2021 21334:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 294. 21280:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 21166:Dravidian Borrowings from Indo-Aryan 21093:Classical Telugu poetry an anthology 20860:, 2nd Edition, Motilal Banarsidass, 20723:. Vol. 5, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 20653:Traditions of Indian Classical Dance 20455: 19780:. BRILL Academic. pp. 260–263. 19698:. BRILL Academic. pp. 254–255. 19669:. Brill Academic. pp. 209–211. 19216:from the original on 15 January 2023 19202:. Infobase Publishing. p. 294. 19023: 18953:. Taylor & Francis. p. 364. 18877:Language and Style of the Vedic Rsis 18620:. BRILL Academic. pp. 117–130. 18512:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 577. 17023: 16978: 16949:from the original on 27 October 2014 16587: 16410:from the original on 16 January 2023 16315:. BRILL Academic. pp. 985–996. 16104:Pieces and Parts in Scientific Texts 15592: 15571: 15526: 15493:from the original on 8 January 2024. 15103:. Brill Academic. pp. 111–114. 15046: 14824: 14699:. John Benjamins. pp. 223–224. 14451:, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 268, 14288: 13935:J. P. Mallory & D. Q. Adams 2006 13770: 13625: 13409:from the original on 10 October 2023 13388: 13354: 13332:from the original on 10 October 2023 13186:from the original on 10 October 2023 13165: 12778: 12739:from the original on 21 January 2022 12620:from the original on 28 October 2014 12512: 12388: 12322:from the original on 24 January 2021 12289:from the original on 21 October 2020 12167:from the original on 12 October 2020 11824:are examples of verse-style ancient 11300:Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom 10800:Central Board of Secondary Education 10716:(old Javanese-English dictionary by 10631:Sanskrit is used extensively in the 10489: 10157:has had a considerable influence on 9316:Design, architecture (Vastu, Śilpa) 9081:Sanskrit texts, genre or collection 572:Sanskrit generally connotes several 25717: 25381: 25043:Clackson, James (18 October 2007). 24155:Sir Monier Monier-Williams (2005). 24115:J. P. Mallory; D. Q. Adams (2006). 24036:from the original on 1 January 2011 23868:The Rigveda: 3-Volume Set, Volume I 22546:from the original on 26 August 2021 22424:Sreevatsan, Ajai (10 August 2014). 21305: 21205: 21172: 21139: 21090: 20681:Scientific and Technical Literature 19563:from the original on 7 January 2015 18988:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 18964:Rita Sherma; Arvind Sharma (2008). 17945:"A Practical Sanskrit Introductory" 16386: 16005:. BRILL Academic. pp. 87–102. 15611: 15557:. Hempen Verlag. pp. 145–152. 15505:Sanskrit and Other Indian Languages 14781:Journal of Central Eurasian Studies 14778: 14647:Renou, Louis, and Filliozat, Jean. 13608:from the original on 9 October 2022 12351:Sreevastan, Ajai (10 August 2014). 11138: 11123: 11112: 11109:Upakriya Labdha Prayojana Balottama 11097: 11082: 11059: 10830:which upgraded three universities, 10510:, most of them borrowed during the 10398:dating back to 400 CE known as the 8958:Sanskrit inscriptions found in the 6038:, and is considered one of the six 4248:corresponds to normal-grade, while 2072:Classical Sanskrit is the standard 1841:borrowed directly from the other." 1663:The earliest known use of the word 988: late 2nd millennium BCE 24: 30123:Meitei classical language movement 25874:from the original on 29 March 2024 25816:from the original on 29 March 2024 25649:from the original on 29 March 2024 25616:from the original on 29 March 2024 25406:from the original on 29 March 2024 25369:from the original on 29 March 2024 25336:from the original on 29 March 2024 25268:from the original on 29 March 2024 25233:10.1038/scientificamerican0390-110 25198:from the original on 29 March 2024 25165:from the original on 23 April 2023 25132:from the original on 29 March 2024 25112:Filliozat, Pierre-Sylvain (2000). 24942:from the original on 29 March 2024 24909:from the original on 29 March 2024 24857:from the original on 29 March 2024 24749: 24667:from the original on 29 March 2024 24605:from the original on 29 March 2024 24572:from the original on 29 March 2024 24518:from the original on 14 April 2023 24353:from the original on 29 March 2024 24320:from the original on 29 March 2024 24250:from the original on 29 March 2024 24236:. University of California Press. 24198:from the original on 29 March 2024 24102:from the original on 29 March 2024 23954:from the original on 29 March 2024 23852:from the original on 29 March 2024 23755:Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 23664:from the original on 29 March 2024 23576:from the original on 29 March 2024 23524:from the original on 29 March 2024 23288:from the original on 29 March 2024 23148:from the original on 29 March 2024 22957:Vibhuti Patel (18 December 2011). 22426:"Where are the Sanskrit speakers?" 22345:from the original on 7 August 2020 22103:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 724. 22080:from the original on 24 April 2008 22048:from the original on 29 April 2015 21896:from the original on 29 March 2024 21857:from the original on 29 March 2024 21752:from the original on 29 March 2024 21723:from the original on 29 March 2024 21633:from the original on 26 March 2023 21616:Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay 20550:from the original on 29 March 2024 20533:A Companion to Sanskrit Literature 19967:, pp. 90–91 with footnote 51. 19644:from the original on 29 March 2024 19605:from the original on 29 March 2024 19588:Visnuism and Sivaism: A Comparison 19557:"Modern Transcription of Sanskrit" 19489:from the original on 29 March 2024 19418:from the original on 29 March 2024 19401:A Companion to Sanskrit Literature 19005:from the original on 29 March 2024 18538:, pp. 391–392 with footnotes. 18219:Jain; Cardona (2003). "Sanskrit". 17706:from the original on 29 March 2024 17655:from the original on 29 March 2024 17616:from the original on 29 March 2024 17599:A History of the Japanese Language 17577:from the original on 29 March 2024 17563:. U. Allemandi. pp. 65, 140. 17523:from the original on 29 March 2024 17443:from the original on 29 March 2024 17287:from the original on 29 March 2024 17206:from the original on 29 March 2024 17164:from the original on 29 March 2024 17125:from the original on 29 March 2024 17083:from the original on 29 March 2024 17044:from the original on 29 March 2024 16791:from the original on 29 March 2024 16752:from the original on 29 March 2024 16569:from the original on 29 March 2024 16530:from the original on 29 March 2024 16491:from the original on 29 March 2024 16275:from the original on 29 March 2024 16236:from the original on 29 March 2024 16121:from the original on 29 March 2024 16082:from the original on 29 March 2024 16019:from the original on 29 March 2024 15968:from the original on 29 March 2024 15868:from the original on 29 March 2024 15785:from the original on 29 March 2024 15746:from the original on 29 March 2024 15704:from the original on 29 March 2024 15665:from the original on 29 March 2024 15648:Sanskrit Computational Linguistics 15481:Reyar, Akrita (19 February 2019). 15462:from the original on 29 March 2024 15316:from the original on 29 March 2024 15272:from the original on 29 March 2024 15195:from the original on 29 March 2024 15156:from the original on 29 March 2024 15117:from the original on 29 March 2024 15022:from the original on 29 March 2024 15002:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1997). 14713:from the original on 29 March 2024 14617:from the original on 29 March 2024 14494:from the original on 5 August 2017 14465:from the original on 29 March 2024 14423:from the original on 29 March 2024 14270:from the original on 29 March 2024 14231:from the original on 29 March 2024 14180:from the original on 29 March 2024 13913:from the original on 29 March 2024 12860:from the original on 29 March 2024 12661:from the original on 29 March 2024 12586:from the original on 29 March 2024 12535:from the original on 29 March 2024 12487:from the original on 29 March 2024 12443:from the original on 29 March 2024 12353:"Where are the Sanskrit speakers?" 12312:McCartney, Patrick (11 May 2020), 12279:McCartney, Patrick (10 May 2020), 12163:. Madras: G. E. Natesan & Co. 12128:from the original on 29 March 2024 11155:that was commenced in 1983 by the 10628:, India's highest literary award. 10523:Liturgy, ceremonies and meditation 9256:Mystical speculations, philosophy 6300:in the form of a terracotta plaque 5739: 4270: 2370: 1893:Sanskrit Computational Linguistics 25: 30240: 30128:Meitei linguistic purism movement 25999: 25909:10.1038/scientificamerican1058-63 25775:Raghavan, V. (1965). "Sanskrit". 25316:Lehmann, Winfred Philipp (1996). 25287:Journal of Functional Programming 24501:Concise Oxford English Dictionary 23740:from the original on 28 June 2022 23168:"The Child in Us Lyrics – Enigma" 22988:Rahim, Sameer (4 December 2013). 22678:from the original on 4 April 2023 22231:from the original on 3 April 2015 21592:. Suruchi Prakashan. p. 46. 21555:. Psychology Press. p. 145. 21521: 21197:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003). 21126:A Grammar of the Marathi Language 19329:from the original on 9 March 2021 18874:Elizarenkova, Tatyana J. (1995). 18595:from the original on 21 July 2023 17951:from the original on 18 June 2008 17744:from the original on 3 March 2018 17401:from the original on 9 April 2023 16777:. Hemkunt Press. pp. 80–82. 16771:Gurnam Singh Sidhu Brard (2007). 14551:from the original on 5 March 2023 13843:John Benjamins Publishing Company 13541:from the original on 5 April 2023 12792:from the original on 7 April 2022 12521:. Routledge. pp. 47–66, 51. 11111:(उपक्रिया लब्ध प्रयोजन बालोत्तम, 10983: 10563:are in Sanskrit. Further, states 10227: 9349:Sutras, Vinaya, Kāvya, Medicine, 9073:Sanskrit literature by tradition 6239:, but these are not in Sanskrit. 6125: 6013: 5952: 1912:texts, as well as poetry, music, 1904:encompassing a rich tradition of 1579:('scribe') in section 3.2 of the 1410:O Bṛhaspati, when in giving names 1305: 891:Indo-European family of languages 752:is a compound word consisting of 28344:(unknown further classification) 26222: 26205: 26188: 26171: 26154: 26137: 26015:Karen Thomson; Jonathan Slocum. 25145:Fortson, Benjamin W. IV (2011). 24743:. Linguistic Society of America. 24386:from the original on 2 July 2023 24188:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1974). 24138:A History Of Sanskrit Literature 23904:A History of Sanskrit Literature 23186: 23174:from the original on 22 May 2013 23160: 23134: 23112: 23096:. Filmtracks. 11 November 2008. 23086: 23056: 23031: 22981: 22950: 22912: 22883: 22862: 22841: 22820: 22805: 22746: 22738:. Williams and Norgate. p. 22690: 22660: 22630: 22611: 22588: 22558: 22528: 22486: 22456: 22417: 22387: 22357: 22325: 22295: 22269: 22243: 22092: 22060: 22022:from the original on 7 June 2009 22004: 21974: 21925: 21908: 21869: 21837:Christopher John Fuller (2003). 21830: 21797: 21764: 21735: 21703:(1996). Jan E. M. Houben (ed.). 21693: 21645: 21606: 21581: 21542: 21515: 21503:from the original on 1 June 2023 21486: 21447: 21425: 21398: 21323: 21268: 21253: 21238: 21223: 21190: 21164:Emeneau, M.; Burrow, T. (1962). 21157: 21118: 21109: 20948: 20936:from the original on 2 July 2023 20909: 20850: 20830: 20811: 20793: 20773: 20753: 20733: 20713: 20697: 20669: 20644: 20619: 20602: 20577: 20523: 20481:Meyer, J.J. (22 February 2013). 20474: 20449: 20424: 20399: 20377: 20348: 20311: 20283: 20255: 20239: 20206: 20185: 20176: 20167: 20146: 20137: 19857: 19833:from the original on 2 July 2023 19806: 19794:from the original on 2 July 2023 19767: 19712:from the original on 2 July 2023 19685: 19673:from the original on 2 July 2023 19656: 19617: 19575: 19549: 19459: 19391: 19366: 19309: 19276: 19189: 18957: 18825: 18798: 18768: 18691: 18607: 18568: 18541: 18496: 18212: 18197: 18007:, for the "largely predictable" 17907: 17883: 17770:from the original on 16 May 2023 17756: 17718: 17676:, p. 160 with footnote 134. 17628: 17589: 17550: 17519:. Caxton Press. pp. 27–28. 17506: 17467: 17374: 17230: 17176: 17137: 17095: 17056: 17017: 16932: 16889: 16850: 16764: 16725: 16380: 16248: 16209: 16154: 16133: 16094: 16055: 15992: 15926:Bhartrihari (c. 450—510 CE) 15918: 15758: 15677: 15638: 15586: 15544: 15514: 15497: 15474: 15408: 15347: 15255: 15243:from the original on 2 July 2023 15168: 15129: 15090: 15063: 14995: 14818: 14791: 14686: 14666: 14653:École française d'Extrême-Orient 14641: 14590: 14384:from the original on 3 July 2023 13703:, pp. 62–66 with footnotes. 13471:The Economics of Language Policy 12082: 12073: 12061: 12052: 12043: 12034: 12025: 12011: 12001: 11992: 11982: 11965: 11956: 11946: 11936: 11928: 11917: 11908: 11899: 11886: 11869: 11860: 11841: 11831: 11814: 11797: 11764: 11727: 11718: 11709: 11696: 11683: 11670: 11653: 11620: 11617:Correspondences are approximate. 11611: 11595: 11574: 11561: 11548: 11535: 11520:, in turn derived from Sumerian 11501: 11096:(अधीतकार्य महत्ववीर्य नगरभक्ति, 10785:Sampurnanand Sanskrit University 10251: 10242: 10134: 10125: 10096: 10085: 9903:is a "Sanskritised register" of 9374:, drama, Buddhist medical texts 9149:Timekeeping, Mathematics, Logic 8895: 8886: 8875: 8866: 8855: 8846: 8835: 8826: 6324: 6309: 6250: 4340: 4312:Problems playing this file? See 4286: 2471: 2200: 2189: 2178: 2167: 2156: 1926:Ghosundi-Hathibada (Chittorgarh) 1751: 1696:, the Prakrit languages such as 1646: 1640: 1540:, Gārgya, Gālava, Cakravarmaṇa, 1471:in the Ṛg-veda, the Old Avestan 865: 856: 725: 714: 596:can also more narrowly refer to 446: 84: 73: 30194:Languages written in Devanagari 26109:— Sanskrit hypertext dictionary 25831:"Vaakkriti: Sanskrit Tokenizer" 25783:(2). Sahitya Akademi: 110–115. 24895:. University of Chicago Press. 24082:Meier-Brügger, Michael (2003). 23253:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. 23219: 23194:"Paulina Rubio (Ananda Review)" 22674:. Saturday Star. South Africa. 22303:"Doordarshan News Live webcast" 21496:Old Javanese-English Dictionary 21217:The Oxford handbook of language 19819:. BRILL Academic. p. 260. 19813:Sonya Rhie Quintanilla (2007). 19774:Sonya Rhie Quintanilla (2007). 19692:Sonya Rhie Quintanilla (2007). 17995: 17980: 17964: 17147:Ideology and Status of Sanskrit 15181:. Psychology Press. p. 7. 15005:A Sanskrit Grammar for Students 14396: 14243: 14204: 14163:The Upanisads: A complete guide 13899:. Routledge. pp. 346–347. 13837:Levin, Saul (24 October 2002). 13830: 13764: 13742: 13677:Sir Monier Monier-Williams 2005 13523: 13031: 12981:Pinkney, Andrea Marion (2014). 11702:Voiceless followed by a short 11476: 11467: 11444: 11435: 11426: 11417: 11414:with reference to the language. 11404: 11357:List of Sanskrit-related topics 11144:) is the official motto of the 11103:) is the official motto of the 11088:) is the official motto of the 11065:) is the official motto of the 11063: 'people's main servants' 11050:Indonesian Armed Forces mottoes 10757:Schools and contemporary status 10442:is "Laksamana" (taken from the 9206:Gnomic and didactic literature 9071: 9011:), and mid-5th century in west 6086:There is no word without metre, 5973: 4057: 4035: 4013: 3991: 3969: 3947: 3908: 3886: 3864: 3842: 3820: 3798: 3776: 3741: 3719: 3697: 3675: 3653: 3631: 3609: 3574: 3552: 3530: 3508: 3486: 3464: 3442: 3405: 3383: 3361: 3339: 3317: 3295: 3078: 3049: 3023: 2994: 2962: 2933: 2892: 2862: 2820: 2791: 2755: 2732: 2696: 2673: 2633: 2610: 2536:in Sanskrit is a merger of PIE 1831:Dravidian influence on Sanskrit 1428:Then friends knew friendships – 1357:dialectical diversity", states 162:1500–600 BCE (Vedic Sanskrit); 26590:Sanskrit universities in India 25802:. Cambridge University Press. 25596:Michael Meier-Brügger (2013). 25219:(3). Nature America: 110–117. 25049:. Cambridge University Press. 24955:Briggs, Rick (15 March 1985). 24339:. Cambridge University Press. 24303:A history of Sanskrit language 24055:. Cambridge University Press. 23838:. Cambridge University Press. 23685:. Cambridge University Press. 23405:. Princeton University Press. 23232:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 23038:Doval, Nikita (24 June 2013). 21879:The Bhagavad Gita: A Biography 21275:Lambert, H.M. (January 1958). 21058:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 20721:A history of Indian literature 20530:Sures Chandra Banerji (1989). 20389:, Princeton University Press, 19398:Sures Chandra Banerji (1989). 19048:, pp. 8–9 with footnotes. 16363:The Fourteenth Dalai Lama 1979 15360:A History of Indian Literature 15053:Fleet, John Faithfull (1907). 14046:Bloomfield & Edgerton 1932 13771:Rose, Jenny (18 August 2011). 13756:. 1 April 2011. Archived from 13737:Klein, Joseph & Fritz 2017 12894:. De Gruyter. pp. 90–92. 12888:Bauer, Brigitte L. M. (2017). 12707:Grammaire sanskrite pâninéenne 12572:. Routledge. pp. 67–102. 12257: 12230: 12188: 12143: 11650:Like the preceding but longer. 11567:'That Which Is', known as the 11275:includes Sanskrit chants, and 10926:European studies and discourse 10891: 10077:Beyond the Indian subcontinent 9139:Statecraft, political science 6285:) and mentions a stone temple. 5696:genitive, locative, vocative. 2381:Sanskrit universities in India 2236:The Sanskrit language scholar 2076:as laid out in the grammar of 1621:Sanskrit and Prakrit languages 290:(additional official language) 284:(additional official language) 13: 1: 30199:Subject–object–verb languages 29122:Scheduled languages in states 26114:"Sanskrit Shlokas collection" 26028:University of Texas at Austin 26024:"Linguistics Research Center" 26021:free online lessons from the 25762:(4). Sahitya Akademi: 82–87. 25488:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 25440:Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). 25248:Grünendahl, Reinhold (2001). 25007:. Sarnath. pp. 396–423. 24531:Southworth, Franklin (2004). 23589:Eltschinger, Vincent (2017). 23274:. Columbia University Press. 22785:Trautmann, Thomas R. (2004). 22732:Friedrich Max Müller (1859). 22068:"Awards for World Music 2008" 21804:John Stratton Hawley (1996). 21771:John Stratton Hawley (1996). 20628:Sanskrit Drama in Performance 20236:, p. 672 with footnotes. 16705:Deshpande, Madhav M. (1993). 15229:. Routledge. pp. 69–70. 14484:"Ashtadhyayi, Work by Panini" 14370:. Routledge. pp. 24–25. 13562:"Contexts of multilingualism" 13318:. Routledge. pp. 46–48. 12929:. Routledge. pp. 26–31. 12779:Apte, Vaman Shivaram (1957). 12467:"Contexts of multilingualism" 12095: 11525: 11285:, which won a Grammy, is the 11265:. The song "Cyber-raga" from 11153:Indian guided missile program 10952:, or historical linguistics. 10639:branches of classical music. 10517: 10506:. English today has several 9981:chāpisu, dauḍāyisu, ravānisu. 9760:active past participle 9199:Raghu·vaṃśa, Kumāra·sambhava 9023: 8948: 8648: 6145: 6042:, or limbs of Vedic studies. 5477: 4115:The system of Sanskrit Sounds 3103: 995: 984: 976: 965: 949: 933: 923: 915: 905: 553:, and of historical texts of 101: 26269: 26105:"Online Sanskrit Dictionary" 26087:"Online Sanskrit Dictionary" 25926:Journal of Indian Philosophy 25444:. Harvard University Press. 25400:10.1016/0888-613X(87)90007-7 25254:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 24889:Bloomfield, Leonard (1984). 24837:Beekes, Robert S.P. (2011). 24722:Deciphering the Indus Script 24463:The Journal of Asian Studies 24003:(1). Brill Academic: 21–47. 23988:Donald S. Lopez Jr. (1995). 23766:Barbara A. Holdrege (2012). 23702:"On 'The Death of Sanskrit'" 23445:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 23301:John L. Brockington (1998). 22753:Thomas R. Trautmann (2004). 21915:Prajapati, Manibhai (2005). 21666:10.1017/cbo9781139197922.016 21330:Aiyar, R Swaminatha (1987). 21182:Shulman, David Dean (2016). 20783:, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 20743:, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 20679:"Musicological literature". 20588:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 20483:Sexual Life in Ancient India 20023:, pp. 110–112, 132–148. 19733:, p. 87 with footnotes. 19666:Epigraphical Hybrid Sanskrit 19126:, pp. 373–374, 376–378. 18781:History of Indian Literature 18404:. Elsevier. pp. 59–65. 17973:, p. 146 considers the 17635:Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2017). 17381:William M. Johnston (2013). 16294:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar 1974 16163:Journal of Indian Philosophy 15924:Stephanie Theodorou (2011), 15618:Shulman, David Dean (2016). 15262:Krishnavarma, P. S. (1881). 14448:Pāṇini: A Survey of Research 13474:. MIT Press. pp. 469–. 13310:Glenn Van Brummelen (2014). 12709:by Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat" 12058:an account of Indian algebra 10832:National Sanskrit University 10793:scheduled languages of India 10348: 10116: 9825:Influence on other languages 9336:Saṃskāra (rites-of-passage) 9034:Sanskrit Buddhist literature 8739: 6267:Hathibada Brahmi Inscription 6211:canonical texts such as the 2425:(अ) in Sanskrit, while long 2400: 1922:Ayodhya Inscription of Dhana 1878: 813:, the author of the ancient 549:, the language of classical 7: 30209:Official languages of India 30204:Classical Language in India 26311:Sanskritisation (sociology) 25854:Shendge, Malati J. (1997). 25662:Nedi︠a︡lkov, V. P. (2007). 25581:. Surrey, England: Curzon. 25482:Praehistorische Zeitschrift 24709:Iyengar, V. Gopala (1965). 24585:Umāsvāti, Umaswami (1994). 24555:Encyclopedia of Linguistics 24504:. Oxford University Press. 24372:. Oxford University Press. 24121:. Oxford University Press. 23871:. Oxford University Press. 23510:. Oxford University Press. 23507:The World's Writing Systems 22620:"Headmaster's Introduction" 22099:Haspelmath, Martin (2009). 21742:Swami Veda Bharati (1968). 21709:. BRILL. pp. 152–155. 21433:"Nichiren Buddhism Library" 21232:Encyclopedia of linguistics 21168:. University of California. 21054:Edgerton, Franklin (2004). 18614:Brockington, J. L. (1998). 18457:, pp. 59, 79, 91, 113. 18002: 17987: 17936: 17928: 17919:voiceless glottal fricative 17384:Encyclopedia of Monasticism 17273:. BRILL. pp. 159–160. 17267:Pieter C. Verhagen (1994). 17027:India in a Globalized World 16255:Charles Taliaferro (2010). 15889:, pp. 57–64, 289, 319. 15651:. Springer. pp. v–vi. 15070:Woolner, Alfred C. (1986). 14867:von Hinüber, Oskar (1989). 14409:. Springer. pp. v–vi. 14289:Lowe, John Jeffrey (2015). 13213:. In Victor H. Mair (ed.). 13099:The World's Major Languages 13097:. In Bernard Comrie (ed.). 12989:. Routledge. pp. 38–. 12926:The Indo-European Languages 12645:The World's Major Languages 12643:. In Bernard Comrie (ed.). 12114:. Penguin. pp. 13 ff. 11894:The World's Writing Systems 11603: 11340: 11105:Indonesian Military Academy 10836:Central Sanskrit University 10188: 9889:Middle Indo-Aryan languages 9865: 9731:past participle with 9509:Dravidian lexical influence 8812:Mountain Temple inscription 5439: 5418: 5397: 5376: 5355: 5334: 5310: 5286: 5265: 5244: 5223: 5202: 5181: 5157: 5125: 5104: 5083: 5062: 5041: 5020: 4996: 4972: 4951: 4930: 4909: 4888: 4867: 4843: 4822: 4801: 4780: 4759: 4738: 4714: 4693: 4665: 4641: 4613: 4589: 4570: 4547: 4519: 4498: 4477: 4456: 4435: 4414: 4393: 4261: 4250: 4240: 4064: 4042: 4020: 3998: 3976: 3954: 3933: 3915: 3893: 3871: 3849: 3827: 3805: 3783: 3748: 3726: 3704: 3682: 3660: 3638: 3616: 3581: 3559: 3537: 3515: 3493: 3471: 3449: 3412: 3390: 3368: 3346: 3324: 3302: 3281: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3225: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3167: 3152: 3137: 3122: 3085: 3062: 3056: 3030: 3007: 3001: 2984: 2969: 2946: 2940: 2923: 2907: 2901: 2875: 2869: 2848: 2833: 2827: 2804: 2798: 2777: 2762: 2739: 2718: 2703: 2680: 2659: 2640: 2617: 2596: 2264:Modern Indo-Aryan languages 2078: 2065: 2050:—so far discovered is near 1862: 1732: 1679: 1665: 1596: 1581: 1575: 1559: 1546: 1531: 1521: 1514: 1506: 1446:Translated by Roger Woodard 1419:was laid bare through love, 1391: 821: 796: 786: 760: 754: 747: 590:ancient Dravidian languages 508: 493: 59: 47: 10: 30245: 29199:list by number of speakers 26316:Sanskritisation (language) 25932:(5/6). Springer: 633–641. 24213:A Grammar of Epic Sanskrit 24136:MacDonell, Arthur (2004). 23787:Michael C. Howard (2012). 23718:10.1163/000000002124994847 22697:Barrett, David V. (1996). 21969:in other Indian languages. 21199:The Dravidian languages. ‌ 20808:Also see volumes 1–6. 20584:Sternbach, Ludwik (1974). 20558:– via Google Books. 19863:Inscription No 21 in 18846:10.1163/000000000124993958 18805:Olivelle, Patrick (2008). 18748:Olivelle, Patrick (2008). 18721:Olivelle, Patrick (1998). 17692:. Routledge. p. 178. 17596:Bjarke Frellesvig (2010). 17474:Olivelle, Patrick (2006). 17387:. Routledge. p. 926. 16910:10.1177/001946460704400303 16836:10.1177/001946460704400303 15420:Tijdschrift voor Filosofie 15097:Maloney, Clarence (1978). 14854:Education in Ancient India 14364:Gombrich, Richard (2006). 14250:Woodard, Roger D. (2008). 13135:Alfred C. Woolner (1986). 11067:Indonesian National Police 10987: 10929: 10895: 10760: 10601: 10559:and later versions of the 10352: 10321:from Sanskrit. Similarly, 10231: 9831:Sanskritisation (language) 9828: 9754: 9750:(lit. "by the man gone") 9402: 9398: 9091: 9054: 9027: 8688:Devanagari transliteration 8685: 7830: 7654:Devanagari (Unicode block) 6254: 6242: 6129: 6017: 5487: 5481: 4147: 2578: 2558: 2374: 2314: 2308: 2103: 1309: 1018:. Sanskrit belongs to the 952:600 BCE–100 CE, 837: 828: 706:Etymology and nomenclature 109:Sanskrit College, Calcutta 30100: 30057: 30037: 30019: 29951: 29918: 29885: 29878: 29851: 29763: 29740: 29717: 29679: 29641: 29623: 29590: 29562: 29529: 29359: 29314: 29271: 29248: 29239: 29171: 29097: 28948: 28813: 28800: 28650: 28521: 28500: 28489: 28421: 28378: 28334: 28311: 28267: 28210: 28184: 28175: 28142: 28117: 28087: 28036: 28025: 28018: 27981: 27935: 27905: 27862: 27799: 27788: 27753: 27715: 27694: 27668: 27647: 27626: 27617: 27608: 27588: 27557: 27463: 27454: 27407: 27299: 27216: 27148: 27141: 27094: 27052: 27024: 27017: 27010: 26908: 26887: 26861: 26852: 26802: 26781: 26745: 26729: 26683: 26662: 26653: 26605:World Sanskrit Conference 26567: 26515: 26462: 26387: 26329: 26303: 26277: 26096:"The Sanskrit Grammarian" 26070:Cambridge Digital Library 26017:"Ancient Sanskrit Online" 25938:10.1007/s10781-008-9038-8 25727:. ABC-CLIO. p. 643. 25599:Indo-European Linguistics 25300:10.1017/S0956796804005416 25151:. John Wiley & Sons. 24814:10.1017/S0035869X00106975 24366:Salomon, Richard (1998). 24277:10.1017/s001041750100353x 24211:Oberlies, Thomas (2003). 24085:Indo-European Linguistics 23811:; George Cardona (2007). 23504:Peter T. Daniels (1996). 22959:"Gandhi as operatic hero" 22876:22 September 2018 at the 22703:. London, UK: Blandford. 21876:Richard H. Davis (2014). 21493:Zoetmulder, P.J. (1982). 21288:10.1017/s0035869x00116910 21230:Strazny, Philipp (2005). 20655:. Peter Owen Publishers. 20203:, pp. xxx–xxxiii, 5. 19373:Salomon, Richard (2014). 19348:Kuiper, Kathleen (2010). 18970:. Springer. p. 235. 16857:Moriz Winternitz (1996). 16549:Iswari P. Pandey (2015). 16396:. ABC-CLIO. p. 643. 16222:. ABC-CLIO. p. 147. 16216:Stephen K. Stein (2017). 15901:Madhav Deshpande (2010), 15690:. Springer. p. 238. 15440:Pollock, Sheldon (1996). 14852:Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). 14804:. Springer. p. 235. 14211:Robinson, Andrew (2014). 13839:Semitic and Indo-European 13050:Pollock, Sheldon (2006). 12840:Roger D. Woodard (2008). 12725:10.1017/S0041977X0002156X 11507:Pāṇini's use of the term 11312:Battlestar Galactica 2004 11195:using Sanskrit alongside 11135:Jalesu Bhumyamca Jayamahe 10920:Higher School Certificate 10820:colleges and universities 10381:Kutai Martadipura Kingdom 10174: 8937:Junagadh rock inscription 8808:Vasu Doorjamb Inscription 6164:Indus Valley civilization 5773: 5770: 5768: 5597:Sanskrit word equivalent 5596: 4282:How Sanskrit chants sound 4077: 3425: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3231: 3222: 3205: 3196: 3187: 3164: 3149: 3134: 3119: 2464: 1512:, along with Patanjali's 844:Proto-Indo-Aryan language 680:Eighth Schedule languages 502: 487: 411: 395: 356: 338: 320: 315: 298: 270:Official language in 268: 263: 231: 217: 178: 168: 155: 137:Indianised Southeast Asia 133:South Asia (India proper) 128: 116: 66: 53: 41: 39: 34: 28222:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit 26342:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit 25860:. Abhinav Publications. 25664:Reciprocal constructions 25523:. Taylor & Francis. 25459:Malhotra, Rajiv (2016). 25382:Kak, Subhash C. (1987). 25355:. Taylor & Francis. 25352:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 24870:Benware, Wilbur (1974). 24552:Philipp Strazny (2013). 24230:Sheldon Pollock (2009). 24140:. Kessinger Publishing. 24052:The Indo-Aryan Languages 24049:Colin P. Masica (1993). 24009:10.1163/1568527952598800 23814:The Indo-Aryan Languages 23562:. Simon & Schuster. 23439:Cardona, George (2012). 23420:Cardona, George (1997). 23268:Shlomo Biderman (2008). 22788:Aryans and British India 22756:Aryans and British India 22176:Humphry, Channy (1993). 22124:Kuizon, Jose G. (1964). 21808:Devi: Goddesses of India 21775:Devi: Goddesses of India 21262:Modern Indian Literature 21184:Tamil : a biography 20518:John L. Brockington 1998 20431:Valiathan, M.S. (2003). 19469:; Goh Geok Yian (2016). 18937:Donald S. Lopez Jr. 1995 18698:Har Dutt Sharma (1951). 18551:Introduction to Sanskrit 18221:The Indo-Aryan Languages 17943:Wikner, Charles (1996). 16675:Audrey Truschke (2016). 15620:Tamil : a biography 15444:. In Houben, Jan (ed.). 14525:Philosophy East and West 14073:Barbara A. Holdrege 2012 13881:Bryant & Patton 2005 13209:Witzel, Michael (2006). 13120:, with various branches. 12759:चोदाहरिष्यामि मानुषीमिह 12570:The Indo-Aryan Languages 12519:The Indo-Aryan Languages 11693:the following consonant. 11382: 11262:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 10773:Pramati Hillview Academy 10727: 10553:Ratnakaranda śrāvakācāra 10508:words of Sanskrit origin 10425:Sanskrit has influenced 10319:much of their vocabulary 9990:am coming from Sanskrit 9885:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit 9879:(आर्ष), meaning 'of the 9405:Indo-European vocabulary 9390:, Mahāpurāṇa and others 9129:Civil and Religious Law 9050: 8782:. These are also in the 4138:following i, u, r, and k 3044:(consonantal allophones) 1850:non-Indo-Aryan language. 979:200 CE and after), 889:Sanskrit belongs to the 881:Indo-European migrations 840:Indo-European vocabulary 688:Benares Sanskrit College 29633:Sri Lankan Creole Malay 29165:languages of South Asia 26487:Historic Sanskrit texts 26452:Suyat family of scripts 26295:Mandala political model 25796:Renfrew, Colin (1990). 25577:Maurer, Walter (2001). 25550:Matilal, Bimal (2015). 24771:10.1145/1980022.1980161 24161:. Motilal Banarsidass. 23907:. Motilal Banarsidass. 23638:10.1007/1-4020-2321-9_7 23424:. Motilal Banarsidass. 23384:. Motilal Banarsidass. 23227:Banerji, Sures (1989). 23040:"Classic conversations" 22618:Sydney Grammar School. 21613:Jones, Russell (2007). 21549:Kulke, Hermann (1998). 21124:Carey, William (1805). 20856:Rajbali Pandey (2013), 20779:Gyula Wojtilla (2006), 20630:. Motilal Banarsidass. 20460:. Motilal Banarsidass. 20406:Pingree, David (1970). 20361:Oxford University Press 19663:Theo Damsteegt (1978). 19196:Charles Higham (2014). 18548:Egenes, Thomas (1996). 17063:Groff, Cynthia (2017). 17024:Dutt, Sagarika (2014). 16471:William Bright (2014). 16175:10.1023/A:1024690001755 15771:. Motilal Banarsidass. 15507:By Śaśiprabhā Kumāra; " 15073:Introduction to Prakrit 14488:Encyclopædia Britannica 13499:Groff, Cynthia (2017). 13245:Shulman, David (2016). 13138:Introduction to Prakrit 12804:past passive participle 12802:from संस्कृत saṃskṛitə 12210:dhanur udyamya pandavah 12156:The Bhagavad-gita; or, 12153:(1922). "Discourse 1". 12070:, 'the science of love' 11680:"to be fit", "arrange". 11676:Only found in the verb 11146:Indonesian Marine Corps 11137:(जलेषु भूम्यम्च जयमहे, 10965:Henry Thomas Colebrooke 10844:deemed to be university 10375:under the rule of King 10331:some Sanskrit loanwords 10317:standards) also derive 10309:(descended into modern 10286:from Sanskrit, as does 9721:Indo-European languages 9715:Nominal-form preference 8758:Yavanarajya inscription 6492:and syllabic consonants 5754:(word for another) and 4217:, etc.; note, however, 2305:Geographic distribution 1685:Indo-European languages 692:East India Company rule 690:founded in 1791 during 656:methods of memorisation 531:Indo-European languages 28430:Indo-Iranian languages 26066:"Sanskrit Manuscripts" 24973:10.1609/aimag.v6i1.466 24720:Parpola, Asko (1994). 23608:10.1515/opli-2017-0015 22130:Asian Folklore Studies 21932:Ranganath, S. (2009). 21460:. BRILL. p. 985. 21247:Language in South Asia 21091:Rao, Velcheru (2002). 21044:, pp. xxvii–xxix. 20955:Wendy Doniger (1993). 20800:Acharya, P.K. (1946). 20781:History of Kr̥ṣiśāstra 20651:Khokar, Mohan (1981). 20456:Zysk, Kenneth (1998). 19624:James Hegarty (2013). 19472:Ancient Southeast Asia 18485:. Vol. 1: A-M. Rosen. 17186:; Chaofen Sun (2015). 16510:Cynthia Groff (2017). 16351:Michael C. Howard 2012 15523:By Colonel Tej K Tikoo 14934:(4): 803–804, 797–831. 14672:Angot, Michel (2001). 14651:. Vol. II. pp. 86–90. 14587:, pp. 13–14, 111. 14214:India: A Short History 13893:Robins, R. H. (2014). 13566:Language in South Asia 13560:Annamalai, E. (2008). 13389:Lowe, John J. (2015). 13355:Lowe, John J. (2017). 13166:Lowe, John J. (2015). 13038:Michael C. Howard 2012 12513:Jain, Dhanesh (2007). 12471:Language in South Asia 12465:Annamalai, E. (2008). 12423:Ruppel, A. M. (2017). 12389:Lowe, John J. (2017). 12206:pravyite Sastrasampate 12108:Mascaró, Juan (2003). 11790: 11784: 11778: 11772: 11259:has a prayer from the 11256:The Matrix Revolutions 11235:, uses texts from the 11177:Trishul missile system 10942:Johann Ernst Hanxleden 10903:St James Junior School 10780: 10400:Mulavarman inscription 10392:Indonesian Archipelago 10387: 10292:Austronesian languages 10159:Sino-Tibetan languages 9961:common ancestral stage 9863:. The deviations from 9567:soot, lampblack 9189:Rāmāyaṇa, Mahābhārata 9166:Life sciences, health 9005:Mulavarman inscription 8655: 8611:Other scripts such as 8608: 6286: 6155: 6091: 5934: 5927: 5920: 5913: 5906: 5899: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5866: 5859: 5852: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5756: 5750: 5490:Vedic Sanskrit grammar 4275: 4121: 2441:(आ). Compare Sanskrit 2331: 2150: 2059: 2022:Mulavarman inscription 1981: 1888: 1858: 1660: 1488: 1435: 1332: 848:Indo-Iranian languages 834:Origin and development 606:('Eight chapters') of 413:This article contains 252:(from 1st century BCE) 28528:Constitution of India 28100:Maharashtrian Konkani 25602:. Walter de Gruyter. 25281:Huet, Gerard (2005). 25184:. Walter de Gruyter. 24653:. Walter de Gruyter. 24428:Seth, Sanjay (2007). 24333:A. M. Ruppel (2017). 24088:. Walter de Gruyter. 23940:. Walter De Gruyter. 23700:Hanneder, J. (2002). 23559:Our oriental heritage 23382:The Sanskrit Language 23370:The Sanskrit Language 22855:23 April 2019 at the 22601:Samskrita Bharati USA 22595:Varija Yelagalawadi. 22566:"Sanskrit @ St James" 22277:"News archive search" 21654:"Gujputty to Hackery" 21260:George, K.M. (1998). 20677:te Nijenhuis, E. 20609:Berriedale, Keith A. 20212:Macdonell, p. ix., §1 20120:Peter T. Daniels 1996 20108:Peter T. Daniels 1996 20096:Peter T. Daniels 1996 20084:Peter T. Daniels 1996 19284:Bahadur Chand Chhabra 19235:Peter T. Daniels 1996 19184:Peter T. Daniels 1996 19169:Peter T. Daniels 1996 19157:Peter T. Daniels 1996 19124:Peter T. Daniels 1996 19112:Peter T. Daniels 1996 17977:, along with letters 15912:29 March 2024 at the 15593:Hart, George (1976). 15536:Reinöhl, Uta (2016). 15223:Dundas, Paul (2003). 14732:Bowman, John (2005). 14585:Harold G. Coward 1990 14330:, pp. 10–11, 72. 14160:Cohen, Signe (2017). 14145:Harold G. Coward 1990 12699:Wright, J.C. (1990). 12217:hystkesam tada vakyam 12151:Besant, Annie (trans) 11927:which is written as " 11691:in the same series as 11452:The Sanskrit Language 11287:ashtanga vinyasa yoga 10916:Sydney Grammar School 10771:Sanskrit festival at 10770: 10434:(the capital city of 10362: 10353:Further information: 10232:Further information: 9384:Theology, philosophy 9306:Agriculture and food 8792:Mora Well Inscription 8726:alphanumeric keyboard 8642: 8594: 7893:Other writing systems 7664:Devanagari Extended-A 6264: 6143: 6130:Further information: 6083: 5579:Personal-Number-Voice 4274: 4112: 2488:The cardinal vowels ( 2328: 2315:Further information: 2145: 2034:Ciaruteun inscription 2007: 1967: 1883: 1847: 1628: 1486: 1407: 1319: 1279:Indo-Aryan migrations 676:Constitution of India 650:. As the Rigveda was 518:[ˈsɐ̃skr̩tɐm] 122:[ˈsɐ̃skr̩tɐm] 30184:Indo-Aryan languages 28388:Andaman Creole Hindi 27819:Bishnupriya Manipuri 27639:Caribbean Hindustani 26647:Indo-Aryan languages 26045:"Sanskrit Documents" 25629:Murray, Tim (2007). 25494:10.1515/pz-1992-0118 25322:. Psychology Press. 25001:Bronkhorst, Johannes 24194:. Sanskrit College. 23899:Keith, A. Berriedale 23706:Indo-Iranian Journal 23677:Goody, Jack (1987). 23556:Will Durant (1963). 23350:. Psychology Press. 23247:Guy L. Beck (2006). 23013:Morgan, Les (2011). 22926:. 25 November 2020. 22834:26 June 2019 at the 22502:The Gazette of India 22223:(23 November 2012). 21588:Kumar, Ravi (2014). 21443:on 22 February 2015. 20916:Paul Dundas (2003). 20739:Ludo Rocher (1986), 20458:Medicine in the Veda 20435:. Orient Blackswan. 20433:The Legacy of Caraka 20386:Mathematics in India 20383:Kim Plofker (2009), 20132:Colin P. Masica 1993 19928:, pp. 10, 86–90 19868:Mathura Inscriptions 19559:. autodidactus.org. 19350:The Culture of India 18949:N. J. Allen (2019). 18915:, pp. 7–10, 86. 18834:Indo-Iranian Journal 18180:Colin P. Masica 1993 18149:Colin P. Masica 1993 18028:Colin P. Masica 1993 17971:Colin P. Masica 1993 17890:Colin P. Masica 1993 17851:Colin P. Masica 1993 17513:Alley, Rewi (1957). 17012:Philipp Strazny 2013 17000:Colin P. Masica 1993 16732:B.B. Kachru (1981). 16600:Sheldon Pollock 2009 16446:Houben, Jan (1996). 16375:Colin P. Masica 1993 15935:20 July 2018 at the 14825:Falk, Harry (1993). 14600:Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini 13959:Colin P. Masica 1993 13825:Colin P. Masica 1993 13653:Shlomo Biderman 2008 13537:. 22 December 2014. 12264:Colin P. Masica 1993 12237:Uta Reinöhl (2016). 12008:seventh century. — 11352:Āryabhaṭa numeration 11309:. The theme song of 11279:from her 1998 album 11071:Tri Dharma Eka Karma 11058:(राष्ट्र सेवकोत्तम, 10978:Friedrich Max Müller 10907:Avanti Schools Trust 10666:, musicians such as 10480:Tri Dharma Eka Karma 10323:Philippine languages 9939:. Literary texts in 9909:Indo-Aryan languages 9629:loop, ring, earring, 8762:Naneghat inscription 8748:(Uttar Pradesh) and 8658:In the south, where 5760:(word for oneself). 4324:Sievers–Edgerton law 2437:, all merge as long 2299:Indo-Aryan languages 2289:(a literary form of 2010:Sanskrit inscription 1253: tam, timber 1250: tame, timber 1002:found in the remote 936:1750–1200 BCE). 310:(protected language) 30148:Pure Tamil movement 29704:Southern Nicobarese 28950:100,000 – 1 million 28435:Nuristani languages 28167:Mitanni superstrate 26773:Wotapuri-Katarqalai 26472:Buddhist literature 26058:Sacred Text Archive 26036:"Samskrita Bharati" 25901:1958SciAm.199d..63T 25889:Scientific American 25225:1990SciAm.262c.110G 25213:Scientific American 24680:Witzel, M. (1997). 23170:. Lyricsfreak.com. 23130:on 11 October 2003. 23052:on 31 October 2014. 22996:The Daily Telegraph 22897:on 31 December 2020 22642:John Scottus School 22570:Sanskrit @ St James 22507:Government of India 22470:. 4 December 2014. 22257:on 5 September 2012 22221:Mayank Austen Soofi 22018:. 14 January 2009. 21437:nichirenlibrary.org 21008:, pp. 381–385. 20134:, pp. 143–144. 20074:, pp. 149–150. 20059:, pp. 148–149. 20047:, pp. 126–132. 20035:, pp. 110–126. 19288:Bull. National Mus. 19237:, pp. 376–380. 19186:, pp. 373–374. 19171:, pp. 373–376. 19159:, pp. 373–375. 19114:, pp. 371–372. 18927:, pp. 110–121. 18776:Winternitz, Maurice 18469:, pp. 191–194. 18182:, pp. 163–164. 18151:, pp. 164–166. 18030:, pp. 160–161. 17853:, pp. 163–165. 17732:. 21 January 2010. 17547:, pp. 153–154. 17503:, pp. 152–153. 17464:, pp. 159–160. 17332:, pp. 155–157. 17320:, pp. 158–159. 17308:, pp. 154–155. 17014:, pp. 499–500. 16981:, pp. 172–176. 16735:Kashmiri Literature 16650:, pp. 397–398. 16638:, pp. 293–310. 16602:, pp. 167–168. 16338:, pp. 595–596. 16139:Eli Franco (2004), 16052:, pp. xi–xiii. 16040:, pp. 177–180. 15989:, pp. 111–115. 15405:, pp. 222–223. 15344:, pp. 218–220. 14992:, pp. 378–383. 14916:, pp. 110–124. 14842:, pp. 271–279. 14521:"Euclid and Pāṇini" 14075:, pp. 229–230. 14063:, pp. 130–196. 13896:General Linguistics 13754:National Geographic 13739:, pp. 318–320. 13715:, pp. 117–123. 13446:, pp. 360–375. 12950:Dyson, Tim (2018). 12705:by George Cardona; 11892:Salomon writes, in 11881:Alexander the Great 11850:Lalitavistara Sūtra 11733:Other equivalents: 11667:in English "slurp". 11529: 300 BCE 11494:, which evolved to 11377:Proto-Indo-European 11081:(कार्तिक एक पक्षी, 11075:Indonesian Military 10961:the Asiatic Society 10884:In the province of 10598:Literature and arts 10460:Rashtra Sevakottama 10298:, particularly the 9917:Dravidian languages 9895:Indian subcontinent 9515:Indian subcontinent 9351:Buddhist philosophy 9326:Temples, Sculpture 9196:Court Epic (Kāvya) 9074: 9030:Sanskrit literature 8778:and the subsequent 8660:Dravidian languages 7911:and its descendants 7659:Devanagari Extended 6195:Lalitavistara Sūtra 5999:(first plural) and 5765: 5672:regularly occur in 5602:English expression 5591: 4371: 3114: 2553: 2119:Vijayanagara Empire 2098:Indian subcontinent 2088:is akin to that of 2048:Vo Canh inscription 1268:house, tame, build 1000:Nuristani languages 918:1450 BCE) and 908:1500–500 BCE). 895:Proto-Indo-European 802:Franklin Southworth 781:Prakritic languages 661:Proto-Indo-European 300:Recognised minority 30219:Languages of India 30214:Languages of Nepal 30058:Prestige language- 29694:Central Nicobarese 29102:Linguistic history 28483:Languages of India 28321:Proto-Indo-Iranian 28202:Early Ardhamagadhi 26600:World Sanskrit Day 26595:Sanskrit Knowledge 26406:Later development 25465:. Harper Collins. 25425:. Brill Academic. 23307:. BRILL Academic. 23304:The Sanskrit Epics 22828:TNI Angkatan Darat 22672:Independent Online 22468:The Indian Express 22283:on 15 January 2013 22016:The Indian Express 21988:on 13 January 2013 21552:A History of India 21483:, pp. 63, 64. 21332:Dravidian theories 20836:Stella Kramrisch, 20612:The Sanskrit Drama 19865:Janert, l (1961). 19467:John Norman Miksic 18617:The Sanskrit Epics 17933:(or less commonly 17237:Jinah Kim (2013). 17184:William S.-Y. Wang 16969:, pp. xi–xii. 14928:Asiatische Studien 13998:Meier-Brügger 2003 11847:The Buddhist text 11456:some common source 11372:Proto-Indo-Iranian 11362:Spitzer Manuscript 11211:In popular culture 11187:In November 2020, 11056:Rastra Sewakottama 10969:Alexander Hamilton 10848:central university 10815:throughout India. 10781: 10622:Satya Vrat Shastri 10468:Hree Dharma Shanti 10388: 10270:Languages such as 9849:Indian epic poetry 9119:Language, Grammar 9072: 8952: 150 CE 8750:Hāthībādā-Ghosuṇḍī 8656: 8652: 615 CE 8609: 6287: 6156: 6149: 828 CE 5995:(first singular), 5763: 5712:, an inventory of 5589: 4369: 4276: 3112: 2551: 2332: 2060: 1982: 1970:Spitzer Manuscript 1661: 1489: 1479:Classical Sanskrit 1333: 1045: Old English 969: 350 CE 926:750–400 BCE). 652:orally transmitted 598:Classical Sanskrit 541:. Sanskrit is the 523:classical language 380:Classical Sanskrit 30166: 30165: 30080:Perso-Arabization 30053: 30052: 29874: 29873: 29130: 29129: 29093: 29092: 28796: 28795: 28449: 28448: 28440:Iranian languages 28307: 28306: 28227:Dramatic Prakrits 28138: 28137: 28113: 28112: 28014: 28013: 27931: 27930: 27887:Rajbanshi (Nepal) 27784: 27783: 27604: 27603: 27450: 27449: 27440:list of languages 27137: 27136: 27090: 27089: 27006: 27005: 26848: 26847: 26613: 26612: 25867:978-81-7017-325-0 25809:978-0-521-38675-3 25777:Indian Literature 25756:Indian Literature 25734:978-1-57607-770-2 25673:978-90-272-2983-0 25642:978-1-57607-186-1 25609:978-3-11-089514-8 25588:978-0-7007-1382-0 25561:978-0-19-565512-4 25530:978-1-884964-98-5 25451:978-0-674-01227-1 25432:978-90-04-17893-9 25362:978-1-136-98595-9 25329:978-0-415-13850-5 25261:978-3-447-04504-9 25191:978-3-11-081503-0 25158:978-1-4443-5968-8 25125:978-81-86569-17-7 25075:978-0-340-56867-5 25056:978-1-139-46734-6 25014:978-81-900149-1-5 24935:978-1-317-74324-8 24881:978-90-272-0894-1 24850:978-90-272-8500-3 24660:978-3-11-024003-0 24598:978-0-06-068985-8 24565:978-1-135-45522-4 24544:978-1-134-31777-6 24511:978-0-19-960110-3 24441:978-0-8223-4105-5 24379:978-0-19-535666-3 24346:978-1-107-08828-3 24243:978-0-520-26003-0 24222:978-3-11-014448-2 24168:978-81-208-3105-6 24147:978-1-4179-0619-2 24128:978-0-19-928791-8 24095:978-3-11-017433-5 24062:978-0-521-29944-2 23969:The Tibet Journal 23947:978-3-11-026128-8 23914:978-81-208-1100-3 23878:978-0-19-972078-1 23845:978-0-521-68494-1 23824:978-1-135-79711-9 23800:978-0-7864-9033-2 23779:978-1-4384-0695-4 23692:978-0-521-33794-6 23647:978-1-4020-2320-0 23548:978-0-19-983799-1 23517:978-0-19-507993-7 23496:978-81-208-0426-5 23475:978-0-07-175266-4 23442:Sanskrit Language 23412:978-1-4008-4805-8 23357:978-0-7007-1463-6 23336:978-0-19-513777-4 23314:978-90-04-10260-6 23281:978-0-231-51159-9 23260:978-0-88920-421-8 23239:978-81-208-0063-2 23204:on 7 January 2007 23024:978-1-4637-2562-4 22798:978-81-902272-1-6 22766:978-81-902272-1-6 22626:on 15 March 2015. 22576:on 9 October 2017 22509:. 25 March 2020. 22185:Mon Khmer Studies 21948:978-81-86111-21-5 21889:978-1-4008-5197-3 21850:978-0-691-11658-7 21823:978-0-520-20058-6 21790:978-0-520-20058-6 21716:978-90-04-10613-0 21675:978-1-139-19792-2 21418:978-0-19-985633-6 21387:978-0-19-985633-6 21215:Grant, A (2019). 21149:Dalby, A (2004). 21102:978-0-520-22598-5 21065:978-81-215-1110-0 21032:, pp. 20–21. 20996:, pp. 39–40. 20968:978-0-7914-1381-4 20929:978-1-134-50165-6 20846:978-81-208-0222-3 20826:978-81-208-3525-2 20789:978-3-447-05306-8 20749:978-3-447-02522-5 20690:978-3-447-01831-9 20662:978-0-7206-0574-7 20595:978-3-447-01546-2 20543:978-81-208-0063-2 20492:978-1-4826-1588-3 20467:978-81-208-1401-1 20442:978-81-250-2505-4 20417:978-0-87169-213-9 20395:978-0-691-12067-6 20370:978-0-19-989182-5 20011:, pp. 92–93. 19979:, pp. 91–93. 19955:, pp. 90–91. 19943:, pp. 91–94. 19899:, pp. 89–90. 19884:, pp. 88–89. 19826:978-90-04-15537-4 19787:978-90-04-15537-4 19764:, pp. 87–88. 19705:978-90-04-15537-4 19637:978-1-136-64589-1 19598:978-1-4742-8082-2 19482:978-1-317-27904-4 19411:978-81-208-0063-2 19209:978-1-4381-0996-1 19147:, pp. 14–16. 19099:, pp. 11–12. 18998:978-0-470-99868-7 18977:978-1-4020-8192-7 18887:978-0-7914-1668-6 18818:978-88-8453-729-4 18791:978-81-208-0056-4 18761:978-88-8453-729-4 18734:978-0-19-535242-9 18684:978-1-4008-7293-0 18654:978-0-19-164344-6 18627:978-90-04-10260-6 18588:978-1-4384-2840-6 18561:978-81-208-1693-0 18519:978-81-208-0265-0 18504:Winternitz, Moriz 18445:, pp. 20–21. 18411:978-1-4832-9754-5 18385:, pp. 17–18. 18373:, pp. 16–17. 18346:, pp. 19–20. 18325:, pp. 33–34. 18323:A. M. Ruppel 2017 18304:, pp. 31–33. 18302:A. M. Ruppel 2017 18268:, pp. 15–16. 18194:, pp. 13–14. 18122:, pp. 11–12. 18095:, pp. 10–11. 18078:, pp. 18–19. 18076:A. M. Ruppel 2017 17868:, pp. 13–19. 17841:, pp. 21–36. 17699:978-1-135-06885-1 17648:978-0-226-51806-0 17609:978-1-139-48880-8 17487:978-0-19-977507-1 17436:978-0-19-988775-0 17394:978-1-136-78716-4 17280:978-90-04-09839-8 17250:978-0-520-27386-3 17227:, pp. 63–66. 17199:978-0-19-985633-6 17157:978-90-04-10613-0 17118:978-1-317-23673-3 17076:978-1-137-51961-0 17037:978-0-7190-6901-7 17002:, pp. 50–57. 16870:978-81-208-0264-3 16784:978-81-7010-360-8 16745:978-3-447-02129-6 16718:978-81-208-1136-2 16688:978-0-231-54097-1 16562:978-0-8229-8102-2 16523:978-1-137-51961-0 16484:978-3-11-086311-6 16457:978-90-04-10613-0 16403:978-1-57607-770-2 16377:, pp. 55–56. 16322:978-90-04-18491-6 16268:978-1-4411-8504-4 16229:978-1-4408-3551-3 16114:978-3-319-78467-0 16075:978-0-19-977507-1 16012:978-90-04-10613-0 15961:978-3-11-005818-5 15861:978-3-11-005818-5 15831:, pp. 86–87. 15778:978-81-208-0027-4 15739:978-0-8122-4736-7 15697:978-1-84800-330-9 15658:978-3-642-00155-0 15455:978-90-04-10613-0 15370:978-81-208-0264-3 15355:Winternitz, Moriz 15309:978-81-208-0027-4 15236:978-0-415-26606-2 15188:978-0-7007-1068-3 15149:978-81-208-0027-4 15110:978-90-04-05741-8 15083:978-81-208-0189-9 15015:978-81-208-0505-7 14990:A. M. Ruppel 2017 14971:, pp. 33–34. 14959:, pp. 53–54. 14811:978-1-4020-8192-7 14745:978-0-231-50004-3 14706:978-90-272-7215-7 14610:978-81-208-0521-7 14458:978-81-208-1494-3 14416:978-3-642-00154-3 14377:978-1-134-90352-8 14354:, pp. 66–67. 14302:978-0-19-870136-1 14263:978-0-521-68494-1 14224:978-0-500-77195-2 14173:978-1-317-63696-0 14087:, pp. 66–67. 13985:, pp. 30–34. 13973:, pp. 30–32. 13961:, pp. 36–38. 13906:978-1-317-88763-8 13811:978-81-208-1407-3 13784:978-1-4411-2236-0 13575:978-1-139-46550-2 13512:978-1-137-51961-0 13481:978-0-262-03470-8 13402:978-0-19-100505-3 13368:978-0-19-879357-1 13325:978-1-135-45932-1 13296:978-0-631-23305-3 13258:978-0-674-97465-4 13224:978-0-8248-2884-4 13179:978-0-19-100505-3 13148:978-81-208-0189-9 13108:978-1-317-29049-0 13083:, pp. 62–64. 13063:978-0-520-24500-6 12996:978-1-317-63646-5 12963:978-0-19-882905-8 12936:978-1-134-92187-4 12901:978-3-11-046175-6 12853:978-0-521-68494-1 12701:"Reviewed Works: 12654:978-1-317-29049-0 12579:978-1-135-79711-9 12528:978-1-135-79711-9 12480:978-1-139-46550-2 12436:978-1-107-08828-3 12402:978-0-19-879357-1 12250:978-0-19-873666-0 12221:idam aha mahipate 12196:Radhakrishnan, S. 12121:978-0-14-044918-1 12111:The Bhagavad Gita 11319:, taken from the 11079:Kartika Eka Paksi 10967:in Britain, then 10946:Sir William Jones 10912:Samskrita Bharati 10824:Indian Parliament 10557:Bhaktamara Stotra 10490:Rest of the world 10412:Indonesian people 10408:Indianization era 10404:Malay Archipelago 10155:Buddhist Sanskrit 9820: 9819: 9784: 9783: 9710: 9709: 9504: 9503: 9409:Sanskrit compound 9396: 9395: 9370:, grammar texts, 9265:Yoga (philosophy) 9111:the Bhagavad·Gītā 8933:Nasik inscription 8931:, and Gunda. The 8736:transliteration. 8676:Grantha alphabets 8589: 8588: 8237:Proto-Tai script 7829: 7828: 7772: 7771: 7646: 7645: 7448: 7447: 6792: 6791: 6151:), discovered in 5941: 5940: 5656: 5655: 5475: 5474: 4363:Bengali phonology 4295: 4187:Bartholomae's law 4081: 4080: 3097: 3096: 2929:(Palatoguttural) 2581:Independent form 2561:Independent form 2254:heritage language 2249:Robert P. Goldman 2218:(Tamil Grantha), 1272: 1271: 1016:Iranian languages 962:Germanic language 877:Kurgan hypothesis 741:In Sanskrit, the 525:belonging to the 439: 438: 421:rendering support 417:phonetic symbols. 371:Individual codes: 244:Devanagari script 16:(Redirected from 30236: 30229:Sacred languages 30153:Sanskrit revival 30143:Punjabi Movement 30108:Bengali movement 29883: 29882: 29250:Great Andamanese 29246: 29245: 29157: 29150: 29143: 29134: 29133: 28811: 28810: 28651:State-level only 28498: 28497: 28476: 28469: 28462: 28453: 28452: 28326:Proto-Indo-Aryan 28182: 28181: 28105:Canarese Konkani 28034: 28033: 28023: 28022: 27797: 27796: 27624: 27623: 27615: 27614: 27461: 27460: 27146: 27145: 27022: 27021: 27015: 27014: 26859: 26858: 26660: 26659: 26640: 26633: 26626: 26617: 26616: 26580:Sanskrit studies 26575:Sanskrit revival 26428:Spread of usage 26264: 26257: 26250: 26241: 26240: 26235: 26231:Sanskrit edition 26227: 26226: 26225: 26218: 26210: 26209: 26208: 26201: 26193: 26192: 26191: 26184: 26176: 26175: 26174: 26167: 26159: 26158: 26157: 26150: 26142: 26141: 26140: 26130: 26117: 26108: 26099: 26090: 26081: 26073: 26061: 26054:"Sanskrit texts" 26048: 26039: 26031: 26020: 26010: 25994: 25957: 25920: 25883: 25881: 25879: 25850: 25848: 25846: 25825: 25823: 25821: 25792: 25771: 25750: 25748: 25746: 25714: 25677: 25658: 25656: 25654: 25625: 25623: 25621: 25592: 25573: 25546: 25544: 25542: 25513: 25476: 25455: 25436: 25415: 25413: 25411: 25378: 25376: 25374: 25345: 25343: 25341: 25312: 25302: 25277: 25275: 25273: 25244: 25207: 25205: 25203: 25174: 25172: 25170: 25141: 25139: 25137: 25108: 25087: 25060: 25039: 25018: 24996: 24994: 24992: 24951: 24949: 24947: 24918: 24916: 24914: 24885: 24866: 24864: 24862: 24833: 24796: 24794: 24792: 24744: 24735: 24716: 24705: 24703: 24701: 24695: 24688: 24676: 24674: 24672: 24643: 24614: 24612: 24610: 24581: 24579: 24577: 24548: 24527: 24525: 24523: 24494: 24457: 24445: 24424: 24395: 24393: 24391: 24362: 24360: 24358: 24329: 24327: 24325: 24313:978-8-1202-05291 24296: 24259: 24257: 24255: 24226: 24207: 24205: 24203: 24184: 24182: 24180: 24151: 24132: 24111: 24109: 24107: 24078: 24076: 24074: 24045: 24043: 24041: 24035: 24020: 23994: 23984: 23963: 23961: 23959: 23930: 23928: 23926: 23894: 23892: 23890: 23861: 23859: 23857: 23828: 23804: 23783: 23762: 23749: 23747: 23745: 23696: 23684: 23673: 23671: 23669: 23650: 23620: 23610: 23595:Open Linguistics 23585: 23583: 23581: 23552: 23533: 23531: 23529: 23500: 23479: 23458: 23456: 23454: 23435: 23416: 23395: 23373: 23361: 23340: 23318: 23297: 23295: 23293: 23264: 23243: 23214: 23213: 23211: 23209: 23190: 23184: 23183: 23181: 23179: 23164: 23158: 23157: 23155: 23153: 23138: 23132: 23131: 23126:. Archived from 23116: 23110: 23109: 23107: 23105: 23090: 23084: 23083: 23081: 23079: 23070:. 26 July 2012. 23064:"Yoga and Music" 23060: 23054: 23053: 23048:. Archived from 23035: 23029: 23028: 23010: 23004: 23003: 22993: 22985: 22979: 22978: 22976: 22974: 22954: 22948: 22947: 22945: 22943: 22916: 22910: 22909: 22904: 22902: 22893:. Archived from 22887: 22881: 22866: 22860: 22845: 22839: 22824: 22818: 22817: 22809: 22803: 22802: 22782: 22771: 22770: 22750: 22744: 22743: 22729: 22723: 22722: 22694: 22688: 22687: 22685: 22683: 22664: 22658: 22657: 22655: 22653: 22634: 22628: 22627: 22622:. Archived from 22615: 22609: 22608: 22603:. Archived from 22592: 22586: 22585: 22583: 22581: 22572:. Archived from 22562: 22556: 22555: 22553: 22551: 22532: 22526: 22525: 22523: 22521: 22515: 22498: 22490: 22484: 22483: 22481: 22479: 22460: 22454: 22453: 22451: 22449: 22421: 22415: 22414: 22412: 22410: 22391: 22385: 22384: 22382: 22380: 22361: 22355: 22354: 22352: 22350: 22344: 22337: 22329: 22323: 22322: 22320: 22318: 22299: 22293: 22292: 22290: 22288: 22273: 22267: 22266: 22264: 22262: 22247: 22241: 22240: 22238: 22236: 22217: 22208: 22207: 22205: 22203: 22197: 22182: 22172: 22166: 22165: 22163: 22161: 22152:. Archived from 22121: 22115: 22114: 22096: 22090: 22089: 22087: 22085: 22064: 22058: 22057: 22055: 22053: 22038: 22032: 22031: 22029: 22027: 22008: 22002: 22001: 21995: 21993: 21978: 21972: 21971: 21965: 21963: 21957: 21951:. Archived from 21940: 21929: 21923: 21922: 21912: 21906: 21905: 21903: 21901: 21873: 21867: 21866: 21864: 21862: 21834: 21828: 21827: 21811: 21801: 21795: 21794: 21778: 21768: 21762: 21761: 21759: 21757: 21739: 21733: 21732: 21730: 21728: 21697: 21691: 21690: 21689: 21687: 21649: 21643: 21642: 21640: 21638: 21610: 21604: 21603: 21585: 21579: 21578: 21576: 21574: 21546: 21540: 21534: 21528: 21527: 21519: 21513: 21512: 21510: 21508: 21490: 21484: 21478: 21472: 21471: 21451: 21445: 21444: 21439:. Archived from 21429: 21423: 21422: 21402: 21396: 21395: 21371: 21358: 21352: 21346: 21345: 21327: 21321: 21320: 21312: 21303: 21302: 21272: 21266: 21265: 21257: 21251: 21250: 21242: 21236: 21235: 21227: 21221: 21220: 21212: 21203: 21202: 21194: 21188: 21187: 21179: 21170: 21169: 21161: 21155: 21154: 21146: 21137: 21122: 21116: 21113: 21107: 21106: 21088: 21082: 21076: 21070: 21069: 21051: 21045: 21039: 21033: 21027: 21021: 21015: 21009: 21003: 20997: 20991: 20985: 20979: 20973: 20972: 20952: 20946: 20945: 20943: 20941: 20913: 20907: 20901: 20895: 20892:Eltschinger 2017 20889: 20883: 20877: 20868: 20854: 20848: 20834: 20828: 20815: 20809: 20807: 20797: 20791: 20777: 20771: 20757: 20751: 20737: 20731: 20717: 20711: 20701: 20695: 20694: 20673: 20667: 20666: 20648: 20642: 20641: 20623: 20617: 20616: 20606: 20600: 20599: 20581: 20575: 20569: 20563: 20562: 20557: 20555: 20527: 20521: 20515: 20509: 20503: 20497: 20496: 20478: 20472: 20471: 20453: 20447: 20446: 20428: 20422: 20421: 20403: 20397: 20381: 20375: 20374: 20352: 20346: 20340: 20334: 20333: 20315: 20309: 20303: 20297: 20287: 20281: 20275: 20269: 20259: 20253: 20243: 20237: 20231: 20225: 20219: 20213: 20210: 20204: 20198: 20192: 20189: 20183: 20180: 20174: 20171: 20165: 20159: 20153: 20152:Fortson, §10.23. 20150: 20144: 20143:Macdonell, p. 1. 20141: 20135: 20129: 20123: 20117: 20111: 20105: 20099: 20093: 20087: 20081: 20075: 20069: 20060: 20054: 20048: 20042: 20036: 20030: 20024: 20018: 20012: 20006: 19997: 19991: 19980: 19974: 19968: 19962: 19956: 19950: 19944: 19938: 19929: 19923: 19917: 19911: 19900: 19894: 19885: 19879: 19873: 19872: 19861: 19855: 19849: 19843: 19842: 19840: 19838: 19810: 19804: 19803: 19801: 19799: 19771: 19765: 19759: 19746: 19740: 19734: 19728: 19722: 19721: 19719: 19717: 19689: 19683: 19682: 19680: 19678: 19660: 19654: 19653: 19651: 19649: 19621: 19615: 19614: 19612: 19610: 19579: 19573: 19572: 19570: 19568: 19553: 19547: 19541: 19535: 19529: 19523: 19517: 19511: 19505: 19499: 19498: 19496: 19494: 19463: 19457: 19451: 19440: 19434: 19428: 19427: 19425: 19423: 19395: 19389: 19388: 19375:Indian Epigraphy 19370: 19364: 19363: 19345: 19339: 19338: 19336: 19334: 19328: 19321: 19313: 19307: 19301: 19292: 19291: 19280: 19274: 19268: 19262: 19256: 19250: 19244: 19238: 19232: 19226: 19225: 19223: 19221: 19193: 19187: 19181: 19172: 19166: 19160: 19154: 19148: 19142: 19127: 19121: 19115: 19109: 19100: 19094: 19088: 19087:, pp. 8–14. 19082: 19073: 19067: 19061: 19055: 19049: 19043: 19037: 19036: 19021: 19015: 19014: 19012: 19010: 18981: 18961: 18955: 18954: 18946: 18940: 18939:, pp. 21–47 18934: 18928: 18922: 18916: 18910: 18904: 18898: 18892: 18891: 18871: 18858: 18857: 18829: 18823: 18822: 18802: 18796: 18795: 18772: 18766: 18765: 18745: 18739: 18738: 18718: 18712: 18711: 18695: 18689: 18688: 18668: 18659: 18658: 18638: 18632: 18631: 18611: 18605: 18604: 18602: 18600: 18572: 18566: 18565: 18545: 18539: 18533: 18524: 18523: 18500: 18494: 18479: 18470: 18464: 18458: 18452: 18446: 18440: 18431: 18425: 18416: 18415: 18395: 18386: 18380: 18374: 18368: 18347: 18341: 18326: 18320: 18305: 18299: 18288: 18282: 18269: 18263: 18248: 18242: 18225: 18224: 18216: 18210: 18209: 18201: 18195: 18189: 18183: 18177: 18171: 18165: 18152: 18146: 18140: 18134: 18123: 18117: 18108: 18102: 18096: 18090: 18079: 18073: 18067: 18061: 18050: 18049:, pp. 9–10. 18044: 18031: 18025: 18016: 18005: 17999: 17998: 17997: 17990: 17984: 17983: 17982: 17968: 17967: 17966: 17960: 17958: 17956: 17939: 17931: 17911: 17905: 17887: 17881: 17875: 17869: 17863: 17854: 17848: 17842: 17836: 17830: 17824: 17818: 17812: 17801: 17795: 17780: 17779: 17777: 17775: 17760: 17754: 17753: 17751: 17749: 17722: 17716: 17715: 17713: 17711: 17683: 17677: 17671: 17665: 17664: 17662: 17660: 17632: 17626: 17625: 17623: 17621: 17593: 17587: 17586: 17584: 17582: 17570:978-88-42217-558 17554: 17548: 17542: 17533: 17532: 17530: 17528: 17510: 17504: 17498: 17492: 17491: 17471: 17465: 17459: 17453: 17452: 17450: 17448: 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16297: 16291: 16285: 16284: 16282: 16280: 16252: 16246: 16245: 16243: 16241: 16213: 16207: 16201: 16195: 16194: 16158: 16152: 16149:978-37001-3-3018 16137: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16126: 16098: 16092: 16091: 16089: 16087: 16059: 16053: 16047: 16041: 16035: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16024: 15996: 15990: 15984: 15978: 15977: 15975: 15973: 15945: 15939: 15922: 15916: 15899: 15890: 15884: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15845: 15832: 15826: 15807: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15792: 15790: 15762: 15756: 15755: 15753: 15751: 15723: 15714: 15713: 15711: 15709: 15681: 15675: 15674: 15672: 15670: 15642: 15636: 15630: 15624: 15623: 15615: 15609: 15608: 15590: 15584: 15583: 15575: 15569: 15568: 15548: 15542: 15541: 15533: 15524: 15518: 15512: 15501: 15495: 15494: 15487:timesnownews.com 15478: 15472: 15471: 15469: 15467: 15437: 15428: 15427: 15416:Lamotte, Étienne 15412: 15406: 15400: 15387: 15386: 15384: 15382: 15351: 15345: 15339: 15326: 15325: 15323: 15321: 15293: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15277: 15259: 15253: 15252: 15250: 15248: 15220: 15209: 15208: 15202: 15200: 15172: 15166: 15165: 15163: 15161: 15133: 15127: 15126: 15124: 15122: 15094: 15088: 15087: 15067: 15061: 15060: 15050: 15044: 15043:, pp. 1–59. 15038: 15032: 15031: 15029: 15027: 14999: 14993: 14987: 14972: 14966: 14960: 14954: 14948: 14942: 14936: 14935: 14923: 14917: 14911: 14905: 14904: 14902: 14900: 14864: 14858: 14857: 14849: 14843: 14837: 14831: 14830: 14822: 14816: 14815: 14795: 14789: 14788: 14776: 14767: 14761: 14750: 14749: 14729: 14723: 14722: 14720: 14718: 14690: 14684: 14674:L'Inde Classique 14670: 14664: 14645: 14639: 14633: 14627: 14626: 14624: 14622: 14594: 14588: 14582: 14573: 14572:Fortson, §10.26. 14570: 14561: 14560: 14558: 14556: 14513: 14507: 14506: 14501: 14499: 14480: 14474: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14439: 14433: 14432: 14430: 14428: 14400: 14394: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14361: 14355: 14349: 14343: 14337: 14331: 14325: 14319: 14318: 14316: 14314: 14286: 14280: 14279: 14277: 14275: 14247: 14241: 14240: 14238: 14236: 14208: 14202: 14196: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14185: 14157: 14148: 14142: 14136: 14135:, p. 16-17. 14130: 14124: 14118: 14112: 14106: 14100: 14094: 14088: 14082: 14076: 14070: 14064: 14058: 14049: 14043: 14037: 14031: 14025: 14019: 14013: 14007: 14001: 13995: 13986: 13980: 13974: 13968: 13962: 13956: 13950: 13944: 13938: 13932: 13923: 13922: 13920: 13918: 13890: 13884: 13878: 13872: 13864: 13834: 13828: 13822: 13816: 13815: 13795: 13789: 13788: 13768: 13762: 13761: 13760:on 1 April 2011. 13746: 13740: 13734: 13728: 13722: 13716: 13713:Guy L. Beck 2006 13710: 13704: 13698: 13692: 13686: 13680: 13674: 13668: 13665:Will Durant 1963 13662: 13656: 13650: 13641: 13635: 13629: 13623: 13617: 13616: 13615: 13613: 13607: 13600: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13557: 13551: 13550: 13548: 13546: 13527: 13521: 13520: 13496: 13490: 13489: 13465: 13459: 13453: 13447: 13441: 13435: 13429: 13423: 13422: 13416: 13414: 13386: 13377: 13376: 13352: 13346: 13345: 13339: 13337: 13307: 13301: 13300: 13277: 13266: 13265: 13242: 13236: 13235: 13206: 13200: 13199: 13193: 13191: 13163: 13157: 13156: 13132: 13123: 13122: 13090: 13084: 13078: 13072: 13071: 13047: 13041: 13035: 13029: 13028: 12978: 12972: 12971: 12947: 12941: 12940: 12920: 12907: 12905: 12885: 12874: 12873: 12867: 12865: 12837: 12828: 12822: 12816: 12815: 12799: 12797: 12776: 12770: 12769: 12746: 12744: 12696: 12687: 12686: 12668: 12666: 12636: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12625: 12606: 12600: 12599: 12593: 12591: 12562:Salomon, Richard 12558: 12549: 12548: 12542: 12540: 12510: 12501: 12500: 12494: 12492: 12462: 12456: 12455: 12450: 12448: 12420: 12411: 12410: 12386: 12377: 12376: 12370: 12368: 12348: 12333: 12330: 12329: 12327: 12309: 12300: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12276: 12267: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12234: 12228: 12227: 12192: 12186: 12185: 12174: 12172: 12147: 12141: 12140: 12135: 12133: 12105: 12090: 12086: 12080: 12077: 12071: 12065: 12059: 12056: 12050: 12047: 12041: 12038: 12032: 12029: 12023: 12015: 12009: 12005: 11999: 11996: 11990: 11986: 11980: 11969: 11963: 11960: 11954: 11950: 11944: 11940: 11934: 11932: 11921: 11915: 11912: 11906: 11903: 11897: 11890: 11884: 11873: 11867: 11864: 11858: 11845: 11839: 11835: 11829: 11818: 11812: 11801: 11795: 11793: 11787: 11781: 11775: 11768: 11762: 11731: 11725: 11722: 11716: 11713: 11707: 11700: 11694: 11687: 11681: 11674: 11668: 11657: 11651: 11648: 11639: 11624: 11618: 11615: 11609: 11606: 11599: 11593: 11590: 11581: 11578: 11572: 11569:Tattvartha Sutra 11565: 11559: 11552: 11546: 11539: 11533: 11530: 11527: 11505: 11499: 11480: 11474: 11471: 11465: 11448: 11442: 11439: 11433: 11430: 11424: 11421: 11415: 11408: 11402: 11395: 11367:Proto-Indo-Aryan 11241:psychedelic rock 11143: 11140: 11128: 11125: 11117: 11114: 11102: 11099: 11087: 11084: 11064: 11061: 11025:Satyameva Jayate 10940:(1620–1668) and 10932:Sanskrit studies 10763:Sanskrit revival 10585:Meenakshi Temple 10549:Tattvartha sutra 10545:Tibetan Buddhist 10255: 10246: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10210: 10207: 10191: 10177: 10176: 10138: 10129: 10100: 10089: 9870: 9800: 9799: 9733:the instrumental 9728: 9727: 9553:Proto-Dravidian 9536:Proto-Dravidian 9525: 9524: 9453:raw flesh 9428: 9427: 9388:Tattvārtha Sūtra 9297:Smārta Tradition 9075: 8953: 8950: 8899: 8890: 8879: 8870: 8859: 8850: 8839: 8830: 8776:Northern Satraps 8653: 8650: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8175:Southern Brahmic 8123:Zanabazar square 8031:Bengali–Assamese 7918:Northern Brahmic 7897: 7896: 7863:Belanjong pillar 7821: 7814: 7807: 7688: 7687: 7669:Vedic Extensions 7477: 7476: 6816: 6815: 6496: 6495: 6328: 6314: 6313: 6224:Kharoṣṭhī script 6150: 6147: 6098: 6020:Sanskrit prosody 5937: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5843: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5753: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5570: 5569: 5558: 5557: 5531: 5530: 5519: 5518: 5484:Sanskrit grammar 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4578: 4573: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4372: 4368: 4297: 4296: 4273: 4264: 4253: 4243: 4128: 4124:— A. M. Ruppel, 4075: 4067: 4060: 4059: 4053: 4045: 4038: 4037: 4031: 4023: 4016: 4015: 4009: 4001: 3994: 3993: 3987: 3979: 3972: 3971: 3965: 3957: 3950: 3949: 3936: 3926: 3918: 3911: 3910: 3904: 3896: 3889: 3888: 3882: 3874: 3867: 3866: 3860: 3852: 3845: 3844: 3838: 3830: 3823: 3822: 3816: 3808: 3801: 3800: 3794: 3786: 3779: 3778: 3759: 3751: 3744: 3743: 3737: 3729: 3722: 3721: 3715: 3707: 3700: 3699: 3693: 3685: 3678: 3677: 3671: 3663: 3656: 3655: 3649: 3641: 3634: 3633: 3627: 3619: 3612: 3611: 3592: 3584: 3577: 3576: 3570: 3562: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3540: 3533: 3532: 3526: 3518: 3511: 3510: 3504: 3496: 3489: 3488: 3482: 3474: 3467: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3445: 3444: 3423: 3415: 3408: 3407: 3401: 3393: 3386: 3385: 3379: 3371: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3349: 3342: 3341: 3335: 3327: 3320: 3319: 3313: 3305: 3298: 3297: 3284: 3273: 3264: 3255: 3246: 3237: 3228: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3170: 3168:ūṣman/saṃgharṣhī 3155: 3140: 3125: 3115: 3111: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3080: 3074: 3065: 3059: 3052: 3051: 3038: 3033: 3026: 3025: 3019: 3010: 3004: 2997: 2996: 2990:(Labioguttural) 2987: 2977: 2972: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2949: 2943: 2936: 2935: 2926: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2895: 2894: 2887: 2878: 2872: 2865: 2864: 2851: 2841: 2836: 2830: 2823: 2822: 2816: 2807: 2801: 2794: 2793: 2780: 2770: 2765: 2758: 2757: 2751: 2742: 2735: 2734: 2721: 2711: 2706: 2699: 2698: 2692: 2683: 2676: 2675: 2662: 2652: 2643: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2620: 2613: 2612: 2599: 2554: 2550: 2475: 2395:Himachal Pradesh 2377:Sanskrit revival 2238:Moriz Winternitz 2204: 2193: 2182: 2171: 2160: 2083: 2068: 2043:terminus ad quem 2040:. It provides a 1955:Tattvartha Sutra 1896: 1865: 1856: 1787:Bhagavata Purana 1755: 1735: 1682: 1668: 1650: 1644: 1614:Arthur Macdonell 1599: 1584: 1578: 1562: 1549: 1534: 1524: 1517: 1511: 1447: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1394: 1381:, and the early 1327:) manuscript in 1296:Uralic languages 1292:Slavic languages 1207: thugátēr 1198: daughter 1036: 1035: 997: 989: 986: 978: 970: 967: 954:Italic languages 951: 935: 925: 917: 907: 869: 860: 824: 799: 792: 771:. From the late 763: 757: 750: 743:verbal adjective 729: 718: 551:Hindu philosophy 520: 515: 511: 505: 504: 496: 490: 489: 481: 480: 477: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 407: 387: 377: 369:– inclusive code 368: 361: 352: 351: 343: 334: 333: 325: 302:language in 282:Himachal Pradesh 237: 184: 145:Greater Mongolia 124: 106: 103: 88: 77: 62: 56: 55: 50: 44: 43: 32: 31: 21: 30244: 30243: 30239: 30238: 30237: 30235: 30234: 30233: 30169: 30168: 30167: 30162: 30138:Nepali movement 30096: 30092:Sanskritisation 30060: 30059: 30049: 30033: 30015: 29947: 29928:Arabi Malayalam 29914: 29870: 29847: 29759: 29736: 29713: 29675: 29637: 29619: 29586: 29558: 29525: 29355: 29310: 29267: 29241: 29235: 29167: 29161: 29131: 29126: 29112:Multilingualism 29089: 28951: 28944: 28816: 28805: 28803: 28792: 28646: 28526: 28517: 28492: 28485: 28480: 28450: 28445: 28444: 28417: 28380: 28374: 28330: 28313: 28303: 28263: 28206: 28192:Ashokan Prakrit 28171: 28134: 28109: 28083: 28028: 28010: 27977: 27927: 27901: 27858: 27791: 27780: 27749: 27711: 27690: 27664: 27643: 27600: 27584: 27553: 27525:Hyderabadi Urdu 27446: 27403: 27295: 27212: 27133: 27086: 27077:Pahari-Pothwari 27048: 27002: 26983:Pahari Kinnauri 26904: 26883: 26844: 26810:Indus Kohistani 26803:Hazara Division 26798: 26777: 26741: 26725: 26679: 26649: 26644: 26614: 26609: 26563: 26511: 26458: 26437:Gujarati script 26383: 26325: 26299: 26273: 26268: 26238: 26228: 26223: 26221: 26217:from Wikivoyage 26211: 26206: 26204: 26194: 26189: 26187: 26177: 26172: 26170: 26160: 26155: 26153: 26149:from Wiktionary 26143: 26138: 26136: 26133: 26129:sister projects 26126:at Knowledge's 26112: 26103: 26094: 26085: 26076: 26064: 26052: 26043: 26034: 26022: 26007:"INDICORPUS-31" 26005: 26002: 25997: 25975:10.2307/2935779 25969:. JSTOR: 5–29. 25877: 25875: 25868: 25844: 25842: 25819: 25817: 25810: 25744: 25742: 25735: 25695:10.2307/3087594 25674: 25652: 25650: 25643: 25619: 25617: 25610: 25589: 25562: 25540: 25538: 25531: 25473: 25452: 25433: 25409: 25407: 25372: 25370: 25363: 25339: 25337: 25330: 25271: 25269: 25262: 25201: 25199: 25192: 25168: 25166: 25159: 25135: 25133: 25126: 25076: 25057: 25015: 24990: 24988: 24945: 24943: 24936: 24912: 24910: 24903: 24882: 24860: 24858: 24851: 24790: 24788: 24781: 24752: 24750:Further reading 24747: 24732: 24699: 24697: 24693: 24686: 24670: 24668: 24661: 24608: 24606: 24599: 24575: 24573: 24566: 24545: 24521: 24519: 24512: 24475:10.2307/2050186 24442: 24389: 24387: 24380: 24356: 24354: 24347: 24323: 24321: 24314: 24253: 24251: 24244: 24223: 24201: 24199: 24178: 24176: 24169: 24148: 24129: 24105: 24103: 24096: 24072: 24070: 24063: 24039: 24037: 24033: 23992: 23957: 23955: 23948: 23924: 23922: 23915: 23888: 23886: 23879: 23855: 23853: 23846: 23825: 23801: 23780: 23743: 23741: 23693: 23667: 23665: 23648: 23579: 23577: 23570: 23549: 23527: 23525: 23518: 23497: 23476: 23468:. Mcgraw-Hill. 23452: 23450: 23432: 23413: 23392: 23358: 23337: 23315: 23291: 23289: 23282: 23261: 23240: 23222: 23217: 23207: 23205: 23192: 23191: 23187: 23177: 23175: 23166: 23165: 23161: 23151: 23149: 23140: 23139: 23135: 23120:"Episode I FAQ" 23118: 23117: 23113: 23103: 23101: 23092: 23091: 23087: 23077: 23075: 23062: 23061: 23057: 23036: 23032: 23025: 23011: 23007: 22986: 22982: 22972: 22970: 22955: 22951: 22941: 22939: 22918: 22917: 22913: 22900: 22898: 22891:"Korps Marinir" 22889: 22888: 22884: 22878:Wayback Machine 22867: 22863: 22857:Wayback Machine 22849:Akademi Militer 22846: 22842: 22836:Wayback Machine 22825: 22821: 22810: 22806: 22799: 22783: 22774: 22767: 22751: 22747: 22730: 22726: 22711: 22695: 22691: 22681: 22679: 22666: 22665: 22661: 22651: 22649: 22636: 22635: 22631: 22616: 22612: 22607:on 12 May 2015. 22593: 22589: 22579: 22577: 22564: 22563: 22559: 22549: 22547: 22534: 22533: 22529: 22519: 22517: 22513: 22496: 22492: 22491: 22487: 22477: 22475: 22462: 22461: 22457: 22447: 22445: 22422: 22418: 22408: 22406: 22393: 22392: 22388: 22378: 22376: 22363: 22362: 22358: 22348: 22346: 22342: 22335: 22331: 22330: 22326: 22316: 22314: 22301: 22300: 22296: 22286: 22284: 22275: 22274: 22270: 22260: 22258: 22249: 22248: 22244: 22234: 22232: 22218: 22211: 22201: 22199: 22195: 22180: 22173: 22169: 22159: 22157: 22156:on 1 April 2022 22142:10.2307/1177640 22122: 22118: 22111: 22097: 22093: 22083: 22081: 22066: 22065: 22061: 22051: 22049: 22040: 22039: 22035: 22025: 22023: 22010: 22009: 22005: 21991: 21989: 21980: 21979: 21975: 21961: 21959: 21955: 21949: 21938: 21930: 21926: 21913: 21909: 21899: 21897: 21890: 21874: 21870: 21860: 21858: 21851: 21835: 21831: 21824: 21802: 21798: 21791: 21769: 21765: 21755: 21753: 21740: 21736: 21726: 21724: 21717: 21698: 21694: 21685: 21683: 21676: 21650: 21646: 21636: 21634: 21627: 21611: 21607: 21600: 21586: 21582: 21572: 21570: 21563: 21547: 21543: 21535: 21531: 21520: 21516: 21506: 21504: 21491: 21487: 21479: 21475: 21468: 21452: 21448: 21431: 21430: 21426: 21419: 21403: 21399: 21388: 21372: 21361: 21353: 21349: 21342: 21328: 21324: 21313: 21306: 21273: 21269: 21258: 21254: 21243: 21239: 21228: 21224: 21213: 21206: 21195: 21191: 21180: 21173: 21162: 21158: 21147: 21140: 21123: 21119: 21114: 21110: 21103: 21089: 21085: 21077: 21073: 21066: 21052: 21048: 21040: 21036: 21028: 21024: 21016: 21012: 21004: 21000: 20992: 20988: 20980: 20976: 20969: 20953: 20949: 20939: 20937: 20930: 20914: 20910: 20902: 20898: 20890: 20886: 20878: 20871: 20855: 20851: 20835: 20831: 20816: 20812: 20798: 20794: 20778: 20774: 20758: 20754: 20738: 20734: 20718: 20714: 20702: 20698: 20693:. Fasc. 1. 20691: 20674: 20670: 20663: 20649: 20645: 20638: 20624: 20620: 20607: 20603: 20596: 20582: 20578: 20570: 20566: 20553: 20551: 20544: 20528: 20524: 20516: 20512: 20504: 20500: 20493: 20479: 20475: 20468: 20454: 20450: 20443: 20429: 20425: 20418: 20404: 20400: 20382: 20378: 20371: 20353: 20349: 20341: 20337: 20330: 20316: 20312: 20304: 20300: 20288: 20284: 20276: 20272: 20260: 20256: 20244: 20240: 20232: 20228: 20220: 20216: 20211: 20207: 20199: 20195: 20190: 20186: 20182:Macdonnell, §1. 20181: 20177: 20172: 20168: 20160: 20156: 20151: 20147: 20142: 20138: 20130: 20126: 20118: 20114: 20106: 20102: 20094: 20090: 20082: 20078: 20070: 20063: 20055: 20051: 20043: 20039: 20031: 20027: 20019: 20015: 20007: 20000: 19992: 19983: 19975: 19971: 19963: 19959: 19951: 19947: 19939: 19932: 19924: 19920: 19912: 19903: 19895: 19888: 19880: 19876: 19862: 19858: 19850: 19846: 19836: 19834: 19827: 19811: 19807: 19797: 19795: 19788: 19772: 19768: 19760: 19749: 19741: 19737: 19729: 19725: 19715: 19713: 19706: 19690: 19686: 19676: 19674: 19661: 19657: 19647: 19645: 19638: 19622: 19618: 19608: 19606: 19599: 19580: 19576: 19566: 19564: 19555: 19554: 19550: 19542: 19538: 19530: 19526: 19518: 19514: 19506: 19502: 19492: 19490: 19483: 19464: 19460: 19452: 19443: 19435: 19431: 19421: 19419: 19412: 19396: 19392: 19385: 19371: 19367: 19360: 19346: 19342: 19332: 19330: 19326: 19319: 19315: 19314: 19310: 19302: 19295: 19281: 19277: 19269: 19265: 19257: 19253: 19245: 19241: 19233: 19229: 19219: 19217: 19210: 19194: 19190: 19182: 19175: 19167: 19163: 19155: 19151: 19143: 19130: 19122: 19118: 19110: 19103: 19095: 19091: 19083: 19076: 19068: 19064: 19060:, pp. 8–9. 19056: 19052: 19044: 19040: 19022: 19018: 19008: 19006: 18999: 18983: 18978: 18962: 18958: 18947: 18943: 18935: 18931: 18923: 18919: 18911: 18907: 18899: 18895: 18888: 18872: 18861: 18830: 18826: 18819: 18803: 18799: 18792: 18773: 18769: 18762: 18746: 18742: 18735: 18719: 18715: 18700:"Suvrttatilaka" 18696: 18692: 18685: 18669: 18662: 18655: 18639: 18635: 18628: 18612: 18608: 18598: 18596: 18589: 18573: 18569: 18562: 18546: 18542: 18534: 18527: 18520: 18501: 18497: 18480: 18473: 18465: 18461: 18453: 18449: 18441: 18434: 18426: 18419: 18412: 18396: 18389: 18381: 18377: 18369: 18350: 18342: 18329: 18321: 18308: 18300: 18291: 18283: 18272: 18264: 18251: 18243: 18228: 18217: 18213: 18202: 18198: 18190: 18186: 18178: 18174: 18166: 18155: 18147: 18143: 18135: 18126: 18118: 18111: 18103: 18099: 18091: 18082: 18074: 18070: 18062: 18053: 18045: 18034: 18026: 18019: 17993: 17978: 17962: 17954: 17952: 17912: 17908: 17898:nasalised vowel 17888: 17884: 17876: 17872: 17864: 17857: 17849: 17845: 17837: 17833: 17829:, pp. 1–9. 17825: 17821: 17813: 17804: 17800:, pp. 8–9. 17796: 17783: 17773: 17771: 17762: 17761: 17757: 17747: 17745: 17724: 17723: 17719: 17709: 17707: 17700: 17684: 17680: 17672: 17668: 17658: 17656: 17649: 17633: 17629: 17619: 17617: 17610: 17594: 17590: 17580: 17578: 17571: 17555: 17551: 17543: 17536: 17526: 17524: 17511: 17507: 17499: 17495: 17488: 17472: 17468: 17460: 17456: 17446: 17444: 17437: 17421: 17414: 17404: 17402: 17395: 17379: 17375: 17367: 17363: 17355: 17351: 17343: 17336: 17328: 17324: 17316: 17312: 17304: 17300: 17290: 17288: 17281: 17265: 17258: 17251: 17235: 17231: 17223: 17219: 17209: 17207: 17200: 17181: 17177: 17167: 17165: 17158: 17142: 17138: 17128: 17126: 17119: 17100: 17096: 17086: 17084: 17077: 17061: 17057: 17047: 17045: 17038: 17022: 17018: 17010: 17006: 16998: 16985: 16977: 16973: 16965: 16961: 16952: 16950: 16937: 16933: 16894: 16890: 16880: 16878: 16871: 16855: 16851: 16824:Indian Economic 16820: 16816: 16808: 16804: 16794: 16792: 16785: 16769: 16765: 16755: 16753: 16746: 16730: 16726: 16719: 16703: 16696: 16689: 16673: 16669: 16661: 16654: 16646: 16642: 16634: 16623: 16615: 16606: 16598: 16594: 16586: 16582: 16572: 16570: 16563: 16547: 16543: 16533: 16531: 16524: 16508: 16504: 16494: 16492: 16485: 16469: 16465: 16458: 16444: 16440: 16432: 16423: 16413: 16411: 16404: 16385: 16381: 16373: 16369: 16365:, pp. 3–5. 16361: 16357: 16349: 16342: 16334: 16330: 16323: 16307: 16300: 16296:, pp. 1–4. 16292: 16288: 16278: 16276: 16269: 16253: 16249: 16239: 16237: 16230: 16214: 16210: 16202: 16198: 16159: 16155: 16138: 16134: 16124: 16122: 16115: 16099: 16095: 16085: 16083: 16076: 16060: 16056: 16048: 16044: 16036: 16032: 16022: 16020: 16013: 15997: 15993: 15985: 15981: 15971: 15969: 15962: 15946: 15942: 15937:Wayback Machine 15923: 15919: 15914:Wayback Machine 15900: 15893: 15885: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15862: 15846: 15835: 15827: 15810: 15802: 15798: 15788: 15786: 15779: 15763: 15759: 15749: 15747: 15740: 15724: 15717: 15707: 15705: 15698: 15682: 15678: 15668: 15666: 15659: 15643: 15639: 15631: 15627: 15616: 15612: 15605: 15591: 15587: 15576: 15572: 15565: 15549: 15545: 15534: 15527: 15519: 15515: 15502: 15498: 15479: 15475: 15465: 15463: 15456: 15438: 15431: 15413: 15409: 15401: 15390: 15380: 15378: 15371: 15352: 15348: 15340: 15329: 15319: 15317: 15310: 15294: 15285: 15275: 15273: 15260: 15256: 15246: 15244: 15237: 15221: 15212: 15198: 15196: 15189: 15173: 15169: 15159: 15157: 15150: 15134: 15130: 15120: 15118: 15111: 15095: 15091: 15084: 15068: 15064: 15051: 15047: 15039: 15035: 15025: 15023: 15016: 15000: 14996: 14988: 14975: 14967: 14963: 14955: 14951: 14943: 14939: 14924: 14920: 14912: 14908: 14898: 14896: 14881: 14865: 14861: 14850: 14846: 14838: 14834: 14823: 14819: 14812: 14796: 14792: 14777: 14770: 14762: 14753: 14746: 14730: 14726: 14716: 14714: 14707: 14691: 14687: 14671: 14667: 14646: 14642: 14634: 14630: 14620: 14618: 14611: 14595: 14591: 14583: 14576: 14571: 14564: 14554: 14552: 14537:10.2307/1397332 14514: 14510: 14497: 14495: 14482: 14481: 14477: 14468: 14466: 14459: 14443:Cardona, George 14440: 14436: 14426: 14424: 14417: 14401: 14397: 14387: 14385: 14378: 14362: 14358: 14350: 14346: 14338: 14334: 14326: 14322: 14312: 14310: 14303: 14287: 14283: 14273: 14271: 14264: 14248: 14244: 14234: 14232: 14225: 14209: 14205: 14197: 14193: 14183: 14181: 14174: 14158: 14151: 14143: 14139: 14131: 14127: 14119: 14115: 14107: 14103: 14099:, pp. 5–6. 14095: 14091: 14083: 14079: 14071: 14067: 14059: 14052: 14044: 14040: 14032: 14028: 14024:, pp. 3–4. 14020: 14016: 14008: 14004: 13996: 13989: 13981: 13977: 13969: 13965: 13957: 13953: 13945: 13941: 13933: 13926: 13916: 13914: 13907: 13891: 13887: 13879: 13875: 13853: 13845:. p. 431. 13835: 13831: 13823: 13819: 13812: 13796: 13792: 13785: 13769: 13765: 13748: 13747: 13743: 13735: 13731: 13725:Southworth 2004 13723: 13719: 13711: 13707: 13699: 13695: 13691:, pp. 1–2. 13687: 13683: 13679:, p. 1120. 13675: 13671: 13663: 13659: 13651: 13644: 13636: 13632: 13624: 13620: 13611: 13609: 13605: 13598: 13592: 13591: 13587: 13576: 13558: 13554: 13544: 13542: 13529: 13528: 13524: 13513: 13497: 13493: 13482: 13466: 13462: 13454: 13450: 13442: 13438: 13430: 13426: 13412: 13410: 13403: 13387: 13380: 13369: 13353: 13349: 13335: 13333: 13326: 13308: 13304: 13297: 13281:Evans, Nicholas 13278: 13269: 13259: 13243: 13239: 13225: 13207: 13203: 13189: 13187: 13180: 13164: 13160: 13149: 13133: 13126: 13109: 13091: 13087: 13079: 13075: 13064: 13048: 13044: 13036: 13032: 12997: 12979: 12975: 12964: 12948: 12944: 12937: 12921: 12910: 12902: 12886: 12877: 12863: 12861: 12854: 12838: 12831: 12823: 12819: 12795: 12793: 12777: 12773: 12742: 12740: 12697: 12690: 12664: 12662: 12655: 12637: 12633: 12623: 12621: 12608: 12607: 12603: 12589: 12587: 12580: 12559: 12552: 12538: 12536: 12529: 12511: 12504: 12490: 12488: 12481: 12463: 12459: 12446: 12444: 12437: 12421: 12414: 12403: 12387: 12380: 12366: 12364: 12349: 12336: 12325: 12323: 12310: 12303: 12292: 12290: 12277: 12270: 12262: 12258: 12251: 12235: 12231: 12224: 12219: 12215: 12213: 12208: 12193: 12189: 12182: 12180: 12178: 12170: 12168: 12158:The Lord's Song 12148: 12144: 12131: 12129: 12122: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12093: 12087: 12083: 12078: 12074: 12066: 12062: 12057: 12053: 12048: 12044: 12039: 12035: 12030: 12026: 12019:Delhi Sultanate 12016: 12012: 12006: 12002: 11997: 11993: 11987: 11983: 11970: 11966: 11961: 11957: 11951: 11947: 11941: 11937: 11922: 11918: 11913: 11909: 11904: 11900: 11891: 11887: 11874: 11870: 11865: 11861: 11846: 11842: 11836: 11832: 11819: 11815: 11802: 11798: 11769: 11765: 11747:Gothic language 11732: 11728: 11723: 11719: 11714: 11710: 11701: 11697: 11688: 11684: 11675: 11671: 11658: 11654: 11649: 11642: 11625: 11621: 11616: 11612: 11600: 11596: 11591: 11584: 11579: 11575: 11566: 11562: 11553: 11549: 11540: 11536: 11528: 11506: 11502: 11481: 11477: 11472: 11468: 11449: 11445: 11440: 11436: 11431: 11427: 11422: 11418: 11409: 11405: 11396: 11389: 11385: 11343: 11277:Shanti/Ashtangi 11223:George Harrison 11213: 11141: 11126: 11115: 11100: 11090:Indonesian Army 11085: 11062: 11000: 10986: 10934: 10928: 10900: 10894: 10765: 10759: 10734:All India Radio 10730: 10718:P.J. Zoetmulder 10614:Sahitya Akademi 10606: 10600: 10525: 10520: 10492: 10456:national police 10440:Indonesian Navy 10357: 10351: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10258: 10257: 10256: 10248: 10247: 10236: 10230: 10217: 10214: 10211: 10208: 10152: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10131: 10130: 10119: 10110: 10109: 10108: 10107: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10092: 10091: 10090: 10079: 9953:Marathi grammar 9897: 9841: 9827: 9815: 9807: 9779: 9771: 9761: 9749: 9748:"the man went", 9741: 9734: 9732: 9717: 9630: 9625: 9511: 9411: 9401: 9372:Buddhist poetry 9360:Mahayana sutras 9229:Sangīta·śāstra 9067: 9065:Jain literature 9053: 9036: 9028:Main articles: 9026: 8951: 8941:Western Satraps 8909: 8908: 8907: 8906: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8891: 8882: 8881: 8880: 8872: 8871: 8862: 8861: 8860: 8852: 8851: 8842: 8841: 8840: 8832: 8831: 8742: 8694: 8686:Main articles: 8684: 8651: 8617:Bangla-Assamese 8585: 8556: 8555: 8449:Lik-Tai scripts 8176: 8168: 8167: 7919: 7901:Brahmic scripts 7895: 7861:inscription on 7849:(north India), 7843: 7831:Main articles: 7825: 7796: 7795: 7685: 7675: 7674: 7474: 7459: 7458: 7391: 7390: 7294: 7293: 7204: 7203: 7120: 7119: 7018: 7017: 6916: 6915: 6813: 6803: 6802: 6493: 6482: 6481: 6425: 6423:Transliteration 6415: 6414: 6357: 6341:Brahmic scripts 6312: 6259: 6253: 6245: 6213:Pannavana Sutta 6200:Pannavana Sutta 6160:Richard Salomon 6148: 6138: 6128: 6107:and post-Vedic 6100: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6026: 6018:Main articles: 6016: 5983:(आ, Rādhā) and 5976: 5955: 5776:(Mediopassive) 5775: 5742: 5740:Tense and voice 5644:you will carry 5583: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5563: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5496: 5486: 5480: 5468: 4386: 4381: 4343: 4319: 4318: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4298: 4287: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4191:Grassmann's law 4152: 4146: 4130: 4123: 4119:back to front. 4117: 4068: 4046: 4024: 4002: 3980: 3958: 3938: 3919: 3897: 3875: 3853: 3831: 3809: 3787: 3767: 3752: 3730: 3708: 3686: 3664: 3642: 3620: 3600: 3585: 3563: 3541: 3519: 3497: 3475: 3453: 3433: 3416: 3394: 3372: 3350: 3328: 3306: 3286: 3172: 3157: 3142: 3127: 3106: 2989: 2928: 2853: 2782: 2723: 2664: 2601: 2585: 2568: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2476: 2467: 2421:, all merge as 2403: 2383: 2373: 2371:Official status 2323: 2317:Sanskritisation 2313: 2307: 2266: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2133:Sheldon Pollock 2106: 1898: 1890: 1881: 1857: 1854: 1833: 1799:Sanskrit dramas 1765: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1756: 1655: 1654: 1645: 1623: 1573:('script') and 1481: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1314: 1308: 1149: sweoster 1129: phreter 1120: brother 992:Younger Avestan 987: 968: 946:Classical Latin 912:Mycenaean Greek 887: 886: 885: 884: 872: 871: 870: 862: 861: 850: 836: 831: 739: 738: 737: 736: 732: 731: 730: 721: 720: 719: 708: 665:Brahmic scripts 543:sacred language 513: 449: 445: 419:Without proper 403: 383: 382: 373: 372: 370: 364: 357: 347: 346: 339: 329: 328: 321: 311: 303: 301: 271: 264:Official status 256:Brahmic scripts 238: 233: 227: 220: 213: 185: 182:Language family 180: 163: 112: 104: 94: 93: 92: 91: 90: 89: 80: 79: 78: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 30242: 30232: 30231: 30226: 30221: 30216: 30211: 30206: 30201: 30196: 30191: 30186: 30181: 30164: 30163: 30161: 30160: 30155: 30150: 30145: 30140: 30135: 30133:Newar movement 30130: 30125: 30120: 30115: 30110: 30104: 30102: 30098: 30097: 30095: 30094: 30089: 30088: 30087: 30077: 30076: 30075: 30068:Englishisation 30064: 30062: 30055: 30054: 30051: 30050: 30048: 30047: 30041: 30039: 30035: 30034: 30032: 30031: 30025: 30023: 30017: 30016: 30014: 30013: 30008: 30003: 29998: 29993: 29988: 29983: 29978: 29973: 29968: 29963: 29957: 29955: 29949: 29948: 29946: 29945: 29940: 29935: 29930: 29924: 29922: 29916: 29915: 29913: 29912: 29907: 29906:(Undeciphered) 29901: 29896: 29889: 29887: 29880: 29876: 29875: 29872: 29871: 29869: 29868: 29863: 29857: 29855: 29849: 29848: 29846: 29845: 29840: 29835: 29830: 29825: 29820: 29815: 29810: 29805: 29800: 29795: 29790: 29785: 29780: 29775: 29769: 29767: 29761: 29760: 29758: 29757: 29752: 29746: 29744: 29738: 29737: 29735: 29734: 29729: 29723: 29721: 29715: 29714: 29712: 29711: 29706: 29701: 29696: 29691: 29685: 29683: 29677: 29676: 29674: 29673: 29668: 29663: 29658: 29653: 29647: 29645: 29639: 29638: 29636: 29635: 29629: 29627: 29621: 29620: 29618: 29617: 29612: 29607: 29602: 29596: 29594: 29588: 29587: 29585: 29584: 29579: 29574: 29568: 29566: 29560: 29559: 29557: 29556: 29551: 29546: 29541: 29535: 29533: 29527: 29526: 29524: 29523: 29518: 29513: 29508: 29503: 29498: 29493: 29488: 29483: 29478: 29473: 29468: 29463: 29458: 29453: 29448: 29443: 29438: 29433: 29432: 29431: 29426: 29421: 29411: 29406: 29401: 29396: 29391: 29386: 29381: 29376: 29371: 29365: 29363: 29357: 29356: 29354: 29353: 29352: 29351: 29346: 29341: 29336: 29331: 29320: 29318: 29312: 29311: 29309: 29308: 29303: 29298: 29293: 29288: 29283: 29277: 29275: 29269: 29268: 29266: 29265: 29260: 29254: 29252: 29243: 29237: 29236: 29234: 29233: 29228: 29223: 29218: 29213: 29212: 29211: 29206: 29201: 29191: 29186: 29181: 29175: 29173: 29169: 29168: 29160: 29159: 29152: 29145: 29137: 29128: 29127: 29125: 29124: 29119: 29114: 29109: 29104: 29098: 29095: 29094: 29091: 29090: 29088: 29087: 29082: 29077: 29072: 29067: 29062: 29057: 29052: 29047: 29042: 29037: 29032: 29027: 29022: 29017: 29012: 29007: 29002: 28997: 28992: 28987: 28982: 28977: 28972: 28967: 28962: 28956: 28954: 28946: 28945: 28943: 28942: 28937: 28932: 28927: 28922: 28917: 28912: 28907: 28902: 28897: 28892: 28887: 28882: 28877: 28872: 28867: 28862: 28857: 28852: 28847: 28842: 28837: 28832: 28827: 28821: 28819: 28815:Over 1 million 28808: 28798: 28797: 28794: 28793: 28791: 28790: 28785: 28780: 28775: 28770: 28765: 28760: 28755: 28750: 28745: 28740: 28735: 28730: 28725: 28720: 28715: 28710: 28705: 28700: 28695: 28690: 28685: 28680: 28675: 28670: 28665: 28660: 28654: 28652: 28648: 28647: 28645: 28644: 28639: 28634: 28629: 28624: 28619: 28614: 28609: 28604: 28599: 28594: 28588: 28583: 28578: 28573: 28568: 28563: 28558: 28553: 28548: 28543: 28538: 28532: 28530: 28519: 28518: 28516: 28515: 28510: 28504: 28502: 28495: 28487: 28486: 28479: 28478: 28471: 28464: 28456: 28447: 28446: 28443: 28442: 28437: 28432: 28427: 28423: 28422: 28419: 28418: 28416: 28415: 28410: 28405: 28400: 28395: 28390: 28384: 28382: 28376: 28375: 28373: 28372: 28367: 28366: 28365: 28360: 28350: 28345: 28338: 28336: 28332: 28331: 28329: 28328: 28323: 28317: 28315: 28309: 28308: 28305: 28304: 28302: 28301: 28296: 28291: 28286: 28281: 28275: 28273: 28265: 28264: 28262: 28261: 28256: 28251: 28250: 28249: 28244: 28239: 28234: 28224: 28218: 28216: 28208: 28207: 28205: 28204: 28199: 28194: 28188: 28186: 28179: 28173: 28172: 28170: 28169: 28164: 28163: 28162: 28157: 28146: 28144: 28140: 28139: 28136: 28135: 28133: 28132: 28127: 28121: 28119: 28115: 28114: 28111: 28110: 28108: 28107: 28102: 28097: 28091: 28089: 28085: 28084: 28082: 28081: 28076: 28071: 28066: 28061: 28056: 28051: 28046: 28040: 28038: 28031: 28020: 28016: 28015: 28012: 28011: 28009: 28008: 28003: 27998: 27993: 27987: 27985: 27979: 27978: 27976: 27975: 27970: 27965: 27960: 27955: 27950: 27945: 27939: 27937: 27933: 27932: 27929: 27928: 27926: 27925: 27920: 27915: 27909: 27907: 27903: 27902: 27900: 27899: 27894: 27889: 27884: 27883: 27882: 27877: 27866: 27864: 27860: 27859: 27857: 27856: 27851: 27846: 27841: 27836: 27831: 27826: 27821: 27816: 27815: 27814: 27803: 27801: 27794: 27786: 27785: 27782: 27781: 27779: 27778: 27777: 27776: 27771: 27763: 27757: 27755: 27751: 27750: 27748: 27747: 27742: 27737: 27736: 27735: 27730: 27719: 27717: 27713: 27712: 27710: 27709: 27704: 27698: 27696: 27692: 27691: 27689: 27688: 27683: 27678: 27672: 27670: 27666: 27665: 27663: 27662: 27657: 27651: 27649: 27645: 27644: 27642: 27641: 27636: 27630: 27628: 27621: 27612: 27606: 27605: 27602: 27601: 27599: 27598: 27592: 27590: 27586: 27585: 27583: 27582: 27577: 27572: 27567: 27561: 27559: 27555: 27554: 27552: 27551: 27546: 27541: 27536: 27535: 27534: 27533: 27532: 27527: 27522: 27517: 27507: 27498: 27493: 27483: 27478: 27473: 27467: 27465: 27458: 27452: 27451: 27448: 27447: 27445: 27444: 27443: 27442: 27432: 27427: 27422: 27417: 27411: 27409: 27405: 27404: 27402: 27401: 27396: 27391: 27386: 27381: 27376: 27371: 27366: 27361: 27356: 27351: 27346: 27341: 27336: 27331: 27326: 27321: 27316: 27311: 27305: 27303: 27297: 27296: 27294: 27293: 27288: 27283: 27278: 27273: 27268: 27263: 27258: 27253: 27248: 27243: 27238: 27233: 27228: 27222: 27220: 27214: 27213: 27211: 27210: 27205: 27200: 27195: 27193:Lisan ud-Dawat 27190: 27189: 27188: 27183: 27178: 27170: 27165: 27160: 27154: 27152: 27143: 27139: 27138: 27135: 27134: 27132: 27131: 27126: 27121: 27116: 27111: 27106: 27100: 27098: 27092: 27091: 27088: 27087: 27085: 27084: 27079: 27074: 27069: 27064: 27058: 27056: 27050: 27049: 27047: 27046: 27041: 27040: 27039: 27028: 27026: 27019: 27012: 27008: 27007: 27004: 27003: 27001: 27000: 26995: 26990: 26985: 26980: 26975: 26970: 26965: 26960: 26955: 26950: 26945: 26940: 26935: 26930: 26925: 26920: 26914: 26912: 26906: 26905: 26903: 26902: 26897: 26891: 26889: 26885: 26884: 26882: 26881: 26876: 26871: 26865: 26863: 26856: 26850: 26849: 26846: 26845: 26843: 26842: 26837: 26832: 26827: 26822: 26817: 26812: 26806: 26804: 26800: 26799: 26797: 26796: 26791: 26785: 26783: 26779: 26778: 26776: 26775: 26770: 26765: 26760: 26755: 26749: 26747: 26743: 26742: 26740: 26739: 26733: 26731: 26727: 26726: 26724: 26723: 26718: 26713: 26708: 26703: 26698: 26693: 26687: 26685: 26681: 26680: 26678: 26677: 26672: 26666: 26664: 26657: 26651: 26650: 26643: 26642: 26635: 26628: 26620: 26611: 26610: 26608: 26607: 26602: 26597: 26592: 26587: 26582: 26577: 26571: 26569: 26565: 26564: 26562: 26561: 26560: 26559: 26554: 26549: 26544: 26539: 26530: 26529: 26528: 26527: 26519: 26517: 26513: 26512: 26510: 26509: 26504: 26502:Sanskrit poets 26499: 26494: 26489: 26484: 26479: 26474: 26468: 26466: 26460: 26459: 26457: 26456: 26455: 26454: 26449: 26444: 26439: 26434: 26425: 26424: 26423: 26422: 26417: 26412: 26403: 26402: 26401: 26400: 26391: 26389: 26385: 26384: 26382: 26381: 26376: 26371: 26370: 26369: 26364: 26359: 26354: 26344: 26339: 26337:Vedic Sanskrit 26333: 26331: 26327: 26326: 26324: 26323: 26318: 26313: 26307: 26305: 26304:Mode of spread 26301: 26300: 26298: 26297: 26292: 26287: 26281: 26279: 26278:Influence zone 26275: 26274: 26267: 26266: 26259: 26252: 26244: 26237: 26236: 26219: 26202: 26200:from Wikibooks 26185: 26183:from Wikiquote 26168: 26151: 26122: 26120: 26119: 26110: 26101: 26092: 26083: 26074: 26062: 26050: 26041: 26032: 26012: 26001: 26000:External links 25998: 25996: 25995: 25958: 25921: 25884: 25866: 25851: 25826: 25808: 25793: 25772: 25751: 25733: 25715: 25678: 25672: 25659: 25641: 25626: 25608: 25593: 25587: 25574: 25560: 25547: 25529: 25514: 25477: 25472:978-9351775386 25471: 25456: 25450: 25437: 25431: 25416: 25394:(1): 117–130. 25379: 25361: 25346: 25328: 25313: 25278: 25260: 25245: 25208: 25190: 25175: 25157: 25142: 25124: 25109: 25088: 25074: 25061: 25055: 25040: 25019: 25013: 24997: 24952: 24934: 24919: 24901: 24886: 24880: 24867: 24849: 24834: 24797: 24779: 24753: 24751: 24748: 24746: 24745: 24736: 24730: 24717: 24706: 24677: 24659: 24644: 24632:10.2307/597713 24626:(1): 111–115. 24615: 24597: 24582: 24564: 24549: 24543: 24528: 24510: 24495: 24458: 24446: 24440: 24425: 24413:10.2307/604670 24407:(2): 271–279. 24396: 24378: 24363: 24345: 24330: 24312: 24297: 24260: 24242: 24227: 24221: 24208: 24185: 24167: 24152: 24146: 24133: 24127: 24112: 24094: 24079: 24061: 24046: 23985: 23964: 23946: 23931: 23913: 23895: 23877: 23862: 23844: 23829: 23823: 23805: 23799: 23784: 23778: 23763: 23750: 23712:(4): 293–310. 23697: 23691: 23674: 23651: 23646: 23626:Chemla, Karine 23621: 23586: 23569:978-1567310122 23568: 23553: 23547: 23534: 23516: 23501: 23495: 23480: 23474: 23459: 23436: 23430: 23417: 23411: 23396: 23390: 23378:Burrow, Thomas 23374: 23366:Burrow, Thomas 23362: 23356: 23341: 23335: 23319: 23313: 23298: 23280: 23265: 23259: 23244: 23238: 23223: 23221: 23218: 23216: 23215: 23185: 23159: 23133: 23111: 23085: 23055: 23030: 23023: 23005: 22998:. London, UK. 22980: 22949: 22911: 22882: 22861: 22840: 22819: 22804: 22797: 22791:. Yoda Press. 22772: 22765: 22745: 22724: 22709: 22689: 22659: 22629: 22610: 22587: 22557: 22527: 22485: 22455: 22416: 22386: 22356: 22324: 22307:Webcast.gov.in 22294: 22268: 22242: 22209: 22167: 22136:(1): 111–158. 22116: 22110:978-3110218435 22109: 22091: 22059: 22033: 22003: 21973: 21947: 21924: 21907: 21888: 21868: 21849: 21829: 21822: 21796: 21789: 21763: 21734: 21715: 21692: 21674: 21644: 21625: 21605: 21598: 21580: 21561: 21541: 21529: 21524:Passport India 21522:Joshi, Manoj. 21514: 21485: 21473: 21467:978-9004184916 21466: 21446: 21424: 21417: 21397: 21386: 21359: 21347: 21340: 21322: 21304: 21267: 21252: 21237: 21222: 21204: 21189: 21171: 21156: 21138: 21117: 21108: 21101: 21083: 21081:, p. 261. 21071: 21064: 21046: 21034: 21022: 21020:, p. 168. 21010: 20998: 20986: 20984:, p. 375. 20974: 20967: 20947: 20928: 20908: 20896: 20884: 20869: 20866:978-8120803961 20849: 20829: 20810: 20792: 20772: 20752: 20732: 20712: 20696: 20689: 20668: 20661: 20643: 20636: 20618: 20601: 20594: 20576: 20564: 20542: 20522: 20510: 20498: 20491: 20473: 20466: 20448: 20441: 20423: 20416: 20398: 20376: 20369: 20347: 20335: 20328: 20310: 20298: 20282: 20270: 20254: 20238: 20226: 20214: 20205: 20193: 20184: 20175: 20166: 20154: 20145: 20136: 20124: 20112: 20100: 20088: 20076: 20061: 20049: 20037: 20025: 20013: 19998: 19981: 19969: 19957: 19945: 19930: 19918: 19901: 19886: 19874: 19856: 19844: 19825: 19805: 19786: 19766: 19747: 19735: 19723: 19704: 19684: 19655: 19636: 19616: 19597: 19574: 19548: 19536: 19524: 19512: 19500: 19481: 19458: 19441: 19429: 19410: 19390: 19384:978-0195356663 19383: 19365: 19359:978-1615301492 19358: 19340: 19308: 19293: 19275: 19263: 19251: 19239: 19227: 19208: 19188: 19173: 19161: 19149: 19128: 19116: 19101: 19089: 19074: 19062: 19050: 19038: 19016: 18997: 18976: 18956: 18941: 18929: 18917: 18905: 18893: 18886: 18859: 18840:(2): 161–169. 18824: 18817: 18797: 18790: 18767: 18760: 18740: 18733: 18713: 18690: 18683: 18660: 18653: 18633: 18626: 18606: 18587: 18567: 18560: 18540: 18525: 18518: 18495: 18471: 18459: 18447: 18432: 18417: 18410: 18387: 18375: 18348: 18327: 18306: 18289: 18270: 18249: 18226: 18211: 18196: 18184: 18172: 18153: 18141: 18124: 18109: 18097: 18080: 18068: 18051: 18032: 18017: 18013:palatal nasals 17906: 17900:, a nasalised 17882: 17870: 17855: 17843: 17831: 17819: 17802: 17781: 17755: 17717: 17698: 17678: 17666: 17647: 17627: 17608: 17588: 17569: 17549: 17534: 17505: 17493: 17486: 17466: 17454: 17435: 17412: 17393: 17373: 17371:, p. 155. 17361: 17359:, p. 157. 17349: 17347:, p. 158. 17334: 17322: 17310: 17298: 17279: 17256: 17249: 17229: 17217: 17198: 17175: 17156: 17136: 17117: 17094: 17075: 17055: 17036: 17016: 17004: 16983: 16971: 16959: 16931: 16904:(3): 333–361. 16888: 16869: 16849: 16830:(3): 333–361. 16814: 16812:, p. 393. 16802: 16783: 16763: 16744: 16724: 16717: 16694: 16687: 16667: 16665:, p. 398. 16652: 16640: 16621: 16604: 16592: 16580: 16561: 16541: 16522: 16502: 16483: 16463: 16456: 16438: 16421: 16402: 16379: 16367: 16355: 16340: 16328: 16321: 16298: 16286: 16267: 16247: 16228: 16208: 16206:, p. 504. 16196: 16169:(1/3): 21–31. 16153: 16132: 16113: 16093: 16074: 16054: 16042: 16030: 16011: 15991: 15979: 15960: 15940: 15917: 15891: 15879: 15860: 15833: 15808: 15796: 15777: 15757: 15738: 15715: 15696: 15676: 15657: 15637: 15635:, p. 386. 15625: 15610: 15603: 15585: 15570: 15563: 15543: 15525: 15513: 15496: 15473: 15454: 15429: 15407: 15403:Deshpande 2011 15388: 15369: 15346: 15342:Deshpande 2011 15327: 15308: 15283: 15254: 15235: 15210: 15187: 15167: 15148: 15128: 15109: 15089: 15082: 15062: 15045: 15033: 15014: 14994: 14973: 14961: 14949: 14937: 14918: 14906: 14879: 14859: 14844: 14832: 14817: 14810: 14790: 14768: 14751: 14744: 14724: 14705: 14685: 14665: 14640: 14628: 14609: 14589: 14574: 14562: 14519:(April 1965). 14508: 14475: 14457: 14434: 14415: 14395: 14376: 14356: 14344: 14332: 14320: 14301: 14281: 14262: 14242: 14223: 14203: 14201:, p. 249. 14191: 14172: 14149: 14137: 14125: 14113: 14101: 14089: 14077: 14065: 14061:Deshpande 1993 14050: 14038: 14036:, p. 165. 14034:Deshpande 1993 14026: 14014: 14010:MacDonell 2004 14002: 13987: 13975: 13963: 13951: 13939: 13924: 13905: 13885: 13883:, p. 208. 13873: 13851: 13829: 13817: 13810: 13790: 13783: 13763: 13741: 13729: 13717: 13705: 13693: 13681: 13669: 13667:, p. 406. 13657: 13642: 13640:, p. 1275 13630: 13628:, p. 171. 13618: 13585: 13574: 13552: 13522: 13511: 13491: 13480: 13460: 13458:, p. 139. 13456:Filliozat 2004 13448: 13444:Filliozat 2004 13436: 13424: 13401: 13378: 13367: 13347: 13324: 13302: 13295: 13267: 13257: 13237: 13223: 13201: 13178: 13158: 13147: 13124: 13107: 13085: 13073: 13062: 13042: 13030: 13011:Michael Witzel 12995: 12973: 12962: 12942: 12935: 12908: 12900: 12875: 12852: 12829: 12827:, p. 557. 12817: 12771: 12688: 12680:that the term 12653: 12631: 12601: 12578: 12550: 12527: 12502: 12479: 12457: 12435: 12412: 12401: 12378: 12334: 12301: 12268: 12256: 12249: 12229: 12187: 12142: 12120: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12091: 12081: 12072: 12060: 12051: 12042: 12033: 12024: 12010: 12000: 11991: 11981: 11964: 11955: 11953:vowels signs. 11945: 11935: 11916: 11907: 11898: 11885: 11868: 11859: 11840: 11830: 11813: 11796: 11788:, 2nd plural: 11776:, 1st plural: 11763: 11741:(he carries), 11726: 11717: 11708: 11695: 11682: 11669: 11652: 11640: 11619: 11610: 11594: 11582: 11573: 11560: 11547: 11534: 11500: 11475: 11466: 11443: 11434: 11425: 11416: 11403: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11342: 11339: 11317:Gayatri Mantra 11231:, an opera by 11212: 11209: 11185: 11184: 11149: 11041: 11029: 10985: 10984:Symbolic usage 10982: 10927: 10924: 10893: 10890: 10758: 10755: 10729: 10726: 10664:Mainland China 10626:Jnanpith Award 10599: 10596: 10537:Newar Buddhism 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10491: 10488: 10436:Papua province 10396:Eastern Borneo 10385:eastern Borneo 10369:4th century CE 10350: 10347: 10260: 10259: 10250: 10249: 10241: 10240: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10229: 10228:Southeast Asia 10226: 10143: 10142: 10133: 10132: 10124: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10105: 10104: 10095: 10094: 10093: 10084: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10075: 9896: 9893: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9809: 9786: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9773: 9766: 9757: 9756: 9752: 9751: 9746: 9743: 9735: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9627: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9579:sharp, pungent 9577: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9558: 9557: 9551: 9548: 9541: 9540: 9534: 9531: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9471: 9468: 9461: 9460: 9454: 9451: 9444: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9400: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9385: 9382: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9353: 9347: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9329:Bṛhat·saṃhitā 9327: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9257: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9176:Sex, emotions 9173: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9150: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9096: 9093: 9089: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9061:Buddhist texts 9052: 9049: 9025: 9022: 9017:Pallava script 9009:eastern Borneo 9007:discovered in 9003:(known as the 8967:Nagarjunakonda 8904: 8903: 8894: 8893: 8885: 8884: 8883: 8874: 8873: 8865: 8864: 8863: 8854: 8853: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8834: 8833: 8825: 8824: 8823: 8822: 8821: 8796:Vrishni heroes 8741: 8738: 8702:Latin alphabet 8698:transliterated 8683: 8680: 8630:Bengali script 8587: 8586: 8584: 8583: 8576: 8569: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8547: 8542: 8541: 8540: 8528:Telugu-Kannada 8515: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8496: 8495: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8416: 8415: 8414: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8387: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8298: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8263: 8248: 8235: 8225: 8224: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8193: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8144: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8127: 8126: 8125: 8115: 8110: 8109: 8108: 8098: 8088: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8067: 8057: 8056: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8023: 8022: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8009: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7997: 7977: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7963: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7904: 7903: 7894: 7891: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7801: 7798: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7770: 7769: 7761: 7753: 7745: 7737: 7729: 7721: 7713: 7705: 7697: 7686: 7681: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7644: 7643: 7637: 7632: 7625: 7618: 7610: 7609: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7579: 7568: 7567: 7559: 7551: 7541: 7534: 7526: 7525: 7515: 7510: 7500: 7490: 7475: 7465: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7438: 7436: 7426: 7424: 7414: 7404: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7357: 7356: 7348: 7340: 7332: 7322: 7317: 7315: 7307: 7296: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7259: 7257: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7233: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7206: 7205: 7195: 7185: 7183: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7122: 7121: 7117: 7107: 7099: 7089: 7081: 7073: 7065: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7005: 6997: 6987: 6979: 6971: 6963: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6881: 6873: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6827: 6814: 6809: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6797:Schwa deletion 6790: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6758: 6757: 6746: 6737: 6728: 6716: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6692: 6683: 6674: 6662: 6661: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6634: 6633: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6606: 6605: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6588: 6587: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6560: 6559: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6532: 6531: 6520: 6515: 6507: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6346:Inherent vowel 6343: 6338: 6330: 6329: 6321: 6320: 6311: 6308: 6255:Main article: 6252: 6249: 6244: 6241: 6222:, the related 6168:oral tradition 6127: 6126:Writing system 6124: 6084: 6082: 6015: 6014:Prosody, metre 6012: 5975: 5972: 5954: 5953:Number, person 5951: 5939: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5769: 5741: 5738: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5645: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5632: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5595: 5578: 5566: 5554: 5543: 5539:Sanskrit verbs 5527: 5515: 5504: 5494:Sanskrit verbs 5482:Main article: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5153: 5152: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4689: 4688: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4637: 4636: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4574: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4556: 4551: 4543: 4542: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4342: 4339: 4309: 4299: 4285: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4145: 4142: 4111: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4061: 4054: 4039: 4032: 4017: 4010: 3995: 3988: 3973: 3966: 3951: 3944: 3928: 3927: 3912: 3905: 3890: 3883: 3868: 3861: 3846: 3839: 3824: 3817: 3802: 3795: 3780: 3773: 3761: 3760: 3745: 3738: 3723: 3716: 3701: 3694: 3679: 3672: 3657: 3650: 3635: 3628: 3613: 3606: 3594: 3593: 3578: 3571: 3556: 3549: 3534: 3527: 3512: 3505: 3490: 3483: 3468: 3461: 3446: 3439: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3409: 3402: 3387: 3380: 3365: 3358: 3343: 3336: 3321: 3314: 3299: 3292: 3276: 3275: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3214: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3179: 3178: 3163: 3148: 3133: 3118: 3105: 3102: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3066: 3053: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3011: 2998: 2991: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2950: 2937: 2930: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2866: 2859: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2824: 2817: 2808: 2795: 2788: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2759: 2752: 2743: 2736: 2729: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2693: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2654: 2653: 2644: 2637: 2630: 2621: 2614: 2607: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2572: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2478: 2477: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2402: 2399: 2372: 2369: 2306: 2303: 2265: 2262: 2214:(Devanagari), 2212:Isha Upanishad 2209: 2208: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2127:Maratha Empire 2105: 2102: 2024:discovered in 2012:discovered in 2008:A 5th-century 1999:legjar lhai-ka 1891:— Foreword of 1882: 1880: 1877: 1852: 1832: 1829: 1758: 1757: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1727:oral tradition 1659:, 532 CE. 1639: 1638: 1622: 1619: 1480: 1477: 1408: 1406: 1338:Vedic Sanskrit 1312:Vedic Sanskrit 1310:Main article: 1307: 1306:Vedic Sanskrit 1304: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1201: dohtor 1199: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: sister 1144: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1130: 1127: 1126: frāter 1124: 1123: brōþor 1121: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1094: father 1092: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1068: mother 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: English 1040: 938: 937: 927: 909: 902:Vedic Sanskrit 874: 873: 864: 863: 855: 854: 853: 852: 851: 835: 832: 830: 827: 734: 733: 724: 723: 722: 713: 712: 711: 710: 709: 707: 704: 578:Vedic Sanskrit 574:Old Indo-Aryan 529:branch of the 437: 436: 423:, you may see 409: 408: 401: 393: 392: 390:Vedic Sanskrit 362: 354: 353: 344: 336: 335: 326: 318: 317: 316:Language codes 313: 312: 306: 304: 299: 296: 295: 294: 293: 292: 291: 285: 272: 269: 266: 265: 261: 260: 259: 258: 253: 247: 246:(present day). 239: 235:Writing system 232: 229: 228: 225:Vedic Sanskrit 223: 221: 218: 215: 214: 212: 211: 210: 209: 208: 207: 188: 186: 179: 176: 175: 172: 166: 165: 157: 153: 152: 130: 126: 125: 118: 114: 113: 95: 83: 82: 81: 72: 71: 70: 69: 68: 67: 64: 63: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 30241: 30230: 30227: 30225: 30222: 30220: 30217: 30215: 30212: 30210: 30207: 30205: 30202: 30200: 30197: 30195: 30192: 30190: 30187: 30185: 30182: 30180: 30177: 30176: 30174: 30159: 30158:Urdu movement 30156: 30154: 30151: 30149: 30146: 30144: 30141: 30139: 30136: 30134: 30131: 30129: 30126: 30124: 30121: 30119: 30116: 30114: 30111: 30109: 30106: 30105: 30103: 30099: 30093: 30090: 30086: 30083: 30082: 30081: 30078: 30074: 30071: 30070: 30069: 30066: 30065: 30063: 30056: 30046: 30043: 30042: 30040: 30036: 30030: 30027: 30026: 30024: 30022: 30018: 30012: 30009: 30007: 30004: 30002: 29999: 29997: 29994: 29992: 29989: 29987: 29984: 29982: 29979: 29977: 29974: 29972: 29969: 29967: 29964: 29962: 29959: 29958: 29956: 29954: 29950: 29944: 29941: 29939: 29936: 29934: 29931: 29929: 29926: 29925: 29923: 29921: 29917: 29911: 29908: 29905: 29902: 29900: 29897: 29894: 29891: 29890: 29888: 29884: 29881: 29877: 29867: 29864: 29862: 29859: 29858: 29856: 29854: 29850: 29844: 29841: 29839: 29836: 29834: 29831: 29829: 29826: 29824: 29821: 29819: 29816: 29814: 29811: 29809: 29806: 29804: 29801: 29799: 29796: 29794: 29791: 29789: 29786: 29784: 29781: 29779: 29776: 29774: 29771: 29770: 29768: 29766: 29762: 29756: 29753: 29751: 29748: 29747: 29745: 29743: 29739: 29733: 29730: 29728: 29725: 29724: 29722: 29720: 29716: 29710: 29707: 29705: 29702: 29700: 29697: 29695: 29692: 29690: 29687: 29686: 29684: 29682: 29678: 29672: 29669: 29667: 29664: 29662: 29659: 29657: 29654: 29652: 29649: 29648: 29646: 29644: 29640: 29634: 29631: 29630: 29628: 29626: 29625:Malay creoles 29622: 29616: 29613: 29611: 29608: 29606: 29603: 29601: 29598: 29597: 29595: 29593: 29589: 29583: 29580: 29578: 29575: 29573: 29570: 29569: 29567: 29565: 29561: 29555: 29552: 29550: 29547: 29545: 29542: 29540: 29537: 29536: 29534: 29532: 29528: 29522: 29519: 29517: 29514: 29512: 29509: 29507: 29504: 29502: 29499: 29497: 29494: 29492: 29489: 29487: 29484: 29482: 29479: 29477: 29474: 29472: 29469: 29467: 29464: 29462: 29459: 29457: 29454: 29452: 29449: 29447: 29444: 29442: 29439: 29437: 29434: 29430: 29427: 29425: 29422: 29420: 29417: 29416: 29415: 29412: 29410: 29407: 29405: 29402: 29400: 29397: 29395: 29392: 29390: 29387: 29385: 29382: 29380: 29377: 29375: 29372: 29370: 29367: 29366: 29364: 29362: 29358: 29350: 29347: 29345: 29342: 29340: 29337: 29335: 29332: 29330: 29327: 29326: 29325: 29322: 29321: 29319: 29317: 29313: 29307: 29304: 29302: 29299: 29297: 29294: 29292: 29289: 29287: 29284: 29282: 29279: 29278: 29276: 29274: 29270: 29264: 29261: 29259: 29256: 29255: 29253: 29251: 29247: 29244: 29238: 29232: 29229: 29227: 29224: 29222: 29219: 29217: 29214: 29210: 29207: 29205: 29202: 29200: 29197: 29196: 29195: 29192: 29190: 29187: 29185: 29182: 29180: 29177: 29176: 29174: 29170: 29166: 29158: 29153: 29151: 29146: 29144: 29139: 29138: 29135: 29123: 29120: 29118: 29115: 29113: 29110: 29108: 29105: 29103: 29100: 29099: 29096: 29086: 29083: 29081: 29078: 29076: 29073: 29071: 29068: 29066: 29063: 29061: 29058: 29056: 29053: 29051: 29048: 29046: 29043: 29041: 29038: 29036: 29033: 29031: 29028: 29026: 29023: 29021: 29018: 29016: 29013: 29011: 29008: 29006: 29003: 29001: 28998: 28996: 28993: 28991: 28988: 28986: 28983: 28981: 28978: 28976: 28973: 28971: 28968: 28966: 28963: 28961: 28958: 28957: 28955: 28953: 28947: 28941: 28938: 28936: 28933: 28931: 28928: 28926: 28923: 28921: 28918: 28916: 28913: 28911: 28908: 28906: 28903: 28901: 28898: 28896: 28893: 28891: 28888: 28886: 28883: 28881: 28878: 28876: 28873: 28871: 28868: 28866: 28863: 28861: 28858: 28856: 28853: 28851: 28848: 28846: 28843: 28841: 28838: 28836: 28833: 28831: 28828: 28826: 28823: 28822: 28820: 28818: 28812: 28809: 28807: 28799: 28789: 28786: 28784: 28781: 28779: 28776: 28774: 28771: 28769: 28766: 28764: 28761: 28759: 28756: 28754: 28751: 28749: 28746: 28744: 28741: 28739: 28736: 28734: 28731: 28729: 28726: 28724: 28721: 28719: 28716: 28714: 28711: 28709: 28706: 28704: 28701: 28699: 28696: 28694: 28691: 28689: 28686: 28684: 28681: 28679: 28676: 28674: 28671: 28669: 28668:Chhattisgarhi 28666: 28664: 28661: 28659: 28656: 28655: 28653: 28649: 28643: 28640: 28638: 28635: 28633: 28630: 28628: 28625: 28623: 28620: 28618: 28615: 28613: 28610: 28608: 28605: 28603: 28600: 28598: 28595: 28592: 28589: 28587: 28584: 28582: 28579: 28577: 28574: 28572: 28569: 28567: 28564: 28562: 28559: 28557: 28554: 28552: 28549: 28547: 28544: 28542: 28539: 28537: 28534: 28533: 28531: 28529: 28524: 28520: 28514: 28511: 28509: 28506: 28505: 28503: 28499: 28496: 28494: 28488: 28484: 28477: 28472: 28470: 28465: 28463: 28458: 28457: 28454: 28441: 28438: 28436: 28433: 28431: 28428: 28425: 28424: 28420: 28414: 28411: 28409: 28406: 28404: 28401: 28399: 28398:Haflong Hindi 28396: 28394: 28391: 28389: 28386: 28385: 28383: 28377: 28371: 28368: 28364: 28361: 28359: 28356: 28355: 28354: 28353:Chinali–Lahul 28351: 28349: 28346: 28343: 28340: 28339: 28337: 28333: 28327: 28324: 28322: 28319: 28318: 28316: 28310: 28300: 28299:Khasa Prakrit 28297: 28295: 28292: 28290: 28287: 28285: 28282: 28280: 28277: 28276: 28274: 28271: 28266: 28260: 28257: 28255: 28252: 28248: 28245: 28243: 28240: 28238: 28235: 28233: 28230: 28229: 28228: 28225: 28223: 28220: 28219: 28217: 28214: 28209: 28203: 28200: 28198: 28195: 28193: 28190: 28189: 28187: 28183: 28180: 28178: 28174: 28168: 28165: 28161: 28158: 28156: 28153: 28152: 28151: 28148: 28147: 28145: 28141: 28131: 28128: 28126: 28123: 28122: 28120: 28116: 28106: 28103: 28101: 28098: 28096: 28093: 28092: 28090: 28086: 28080: 28077: 28075: 28072: 28070: 28067: 28065: 28062: 28060: 28057: 28055: 28052: 28050: 28047: 28045: 28042: 28041: 28039: 28035: 28032: 28030: 28024: 28021: 28017: 28007: 28004: 28002: 27999: 27997: 27994: 27992: 27989: 27988: 27986: 27984: 27980: 27974: 27971: 27969: 27966: 27964: 27961: 27959: 27956: 27954: 27951: 27949: 27946: 27944: 27941: 27940: 27938: 27934: 27924: 27921: 27919: 27916: 27914: 27911: 27910: 27908: 27904: 27898: 27895: 27893: 27890: 27888: 27885: 27881: 27878: 27876: 27873: 27872: 27871: 27868: 27867: 27865: 27861: 27855: 27852: 27850: 27847: 27845: 27842: 27840: 27837: 27835: 27832: 27830: 27827: 27825: 27822: 27820: 27817: 27813: 27810: 27809: 27808: 27805: 27804: 27802: 27798: 27795: 27793: 27787: 27775: 27772: 27770: 27767: 27766: 27764: 27762: 27759: 27758: 27756: 27752: 27746: 27743: 27741: 27738: 27734: 27731: 27729: 27726: 27725: 27724: 27721: 27720: 27718: 27714: 27708: 27705: 27703: 27700: 27699: 27697: 27693: 27687: 27684: 27682: 27679: 27677: 27674: 27673: 27671: 27667: 27661: 27658: 27656: 27653: 27652: 27650: 27646: 27640: 27637: 27635: 27632: 27631: 27629: 27625: 27622: 27620: 27616: 27613: 27611: 27607: 27597: 27594: 27593: 27591: 27587: 27581: 27578: 27576: 27575:Chhattisgarhi 27573: 27571: 27568: 27566: 27563: 27562: 27560: 27556: 27550: 27547: 27545: 27542: 27540: 27537: 27531: 27528: 27526: 27523: 27521: 27518: 27516: 27513: 27512: 27511: 27508: 27506: 27502: 27499: 27497: 27494: 27492: 27489: 27488: 27487: 27484: 27482: 27479: 27477: 27474: 27472: 27469: 27468: 27466: 27462: 27459: 27457: 27453: 27441: 27438: 27437: 27436: 27433: 27431: 27428: 27426: 27423: 27421: 27418: 27416: 27413: 27412: 27410: 27406: 27400: 27397: 27395: 27392: 27390: 27387: 27385: 27382: 27380: 27377: 27375: 27372: 27370: 27369:Rathwi Bareli 27367: 27365: 27362: 27360: 27357: 27355: 27352: 27350: 27347: 27345: 27342: 27340: 27337: 27335: 27332: 27330: 27327: 27325: 27322: 27320: 27317: 27315: 27312: 27310: 27307: 27306: 27304: 27302: 27298: 27292: 27289: 27287: 27284: 27282: 27279: 27277: 27274: 27272: 27269: 27267: 27264: 27262: 27259: 27257: 27254: 27252: 27249: 27247: 27244: 27242: 27239: 27237: 27234: 27232: 27229: 27227: 27224: 27223: 27221: 27219: 27215: 27209: 27206: 27204: 27201: 27199: 27196: 27194: 27191: 27187: 27184: 27182: 27179: 27177: 27174: 27173: 27171: 27169: 27166: 27164: 27161: 27159: 27156: 27155: 27153: 27151: 27147: 27144: 27140: 27130: 27127: 27125: 27122: 27120: 27117: 27115: 27112: 27110: 27107: 27105: 27102: 27101: 27099: 27097: 27093: 27083: 27080: 27078: 27075: 27073: 27070: 27068: 27065: 27063: 27060: 27059: 27057: 27055: 27051: 27045: 27042: 27038: 27035: 27034: 27033: 27030: 27029: 27027: 27023: 27020: 27016: 27013: 27009: 26999: 26996: 26994: 26991: 26989: 26986: 26984: 26981: 26979: 26976: 26974: 26971: 26969: 26968:Mahasu Pahari 26966: 26964: 26961: 26959: 26956: 26954: 26951: 26949: 26946: 26944: 26941: 26939: 26936: 26934: 26931: 26929: 26926: 26924: 26921: 26919: 26916: 26915: 26913: 26911: 26907: 26901: 26898: 26896: 26893: 26892: 26890: 26886: 26880: 26877: 26875: 26872: 26870: 26867: 26866: 26864: 26860: 26857: 26855: 26851: 26841: 26838: 26836: 26833: 26831: 26828: 26826: 26823: 26821: 26818: 26816: 26813: 26811: 26808: 26807: 26805: 26801: 26795: 26792: 26790: 26787: 26786: 26784: 26780: 26774: 26771: 26769: 26766: 26764: 26761: 26759: 26756: 26754: 26751: 26750: 26748: 26744: 26738: 26735: 26734: 26732: 26728: 26722: 26719: 26717: 26714: 26712: 26709: 26707: 26704: 26702: 26699: 26697: 26694: 26692: 26689: 26688: 26686: 26682: 26676: 26673: 26671: 26668: 26667: 26665: 26661: 26658: 26656: 26652: 26648: 26641: 26636: 26634: 26629: 26627: 26622: 26621: 26618: 26606: 26603: 26601: 26598: 26596: 26593: 26591: 26588: 26586: 26583: 26581: 26578: 26576: 26573: 26572: 26570: 26568:Modern status 26566: 26558: 26555: 26553: 26550: 26548: 26545: 26543: 26540: 26538: 26535: 26534: 26532: 26531: 26526: 26523: 26522: 26521: 26520: 26518: 26516:Current usage 26514: 26508: 26505: 26503: 26500: 26498: 26495: 26493: 26490: 26488: 26485: 26483: 26480: 26478: 26475: 26473: 26470: 26469: 26467: 26465: 26461: 26453: 26450: 26448: 26445: 26443: 26440: 26438: 26435: 26433: 26432:Bangla script 26430: 26429: 26427: 26426: 26421: 26420:Nagari script 26418: 26416: 26413: 26411: 26408: 26407: 26405: 26404: 26399: 26398:Brahmi script 26396: 26395: 26393: 26392: 26390: 26386: 26380: 26377: 26375: 26374:Vedic grammar 26372: 26368: 26365: 26363: 26360: 26358: 26355: 26353: 26350: 26349: 26348: 26345: 26343: 26340: 26338: 26335: 26334: 26332: 26328: 26322: 26319: 26317: 26314: 26312: 26309: 26308: 26306: 26302: 26296: 26293: 26291: 26288: 26286: 26285:Greater India 26283: 26282: 26280: 26276: 26272: 26265: 26260: 26258: 26253: 26251: 26246: 26245: 26242: 26233: 26232: 26220: 26216: 26215: 26203: 26199: 26198: 26186: 26182: 26181: 26169: 26165: 26164: 26152: 26148: 26147: 26135: 26134: 26131: 26125: 26115: 26111: 26106: 26102: 26097: 26093: 26088: 26084: 26079: 26075: 26071: 26067: 26063: 26059: 26055: 26051: 26046: 26042: 26037: 26033: 26029: 26025: 26018: 26013: 26008: 26004: 26003: 25992: 25988: 25984: 25980: 25976: 25972: 25968: 25964: 25959: 25955: 25951: 25947: 25943: 25939: 25935: 25931: 25927: 25922: 25918: 25914: 25910: 25906: 25902: 25898: 25894: 25890: 25885: 25873: 25869: 25863: 25859: 25858: 25852: 25840: 25836: 25832: 25827: 25815: 25811: 25805: 25801: 25800: 25794: 25790: 25786: 25782: 25778: 25773: 25769: 25765: 25761: 25757: 25752: 25740: 25736: 25730: 25726: 25725: 25720: 25719:Ooi, Keat Gin 25716: 25712: 25708: 25704: 25700: 25696: 25692: 25688: 25684: 25679: 25675: 25669: 25665: 25660: 25648: 25644: 25638: 25634: 25633: 25627: 25615: 25611: 25605: 25601: 25600: 25594: 25590: 25584: 25580: 25575: 25571: 25567: 25563: 25557: 25553: 25548: 25536: 25532: 25526: 25522: 25521: 25515: 25511: 25507: 25503: 25499: 25495: 25491: 25487: 25483: 25478: 25474: 25468: 25464: 25463: 25457: 25453: 25447: 25443: 25438: 25434: 25428: 25424: 25423: 25417: 25405: 25401: 25397: 25393: 25389: 25385: 25380: 25368: 25364: 25358: 25354: 25353: 25347: 25335: 25331: 25325: 25321: 25320: 25314: 25310: 25306: 25301: 25296: 25292: 25288: 25284: 25279: 25267: 25263: 25257: 25253: 25252: 25246: 25242: 25238: 25234: 25230: 25226: 25222: 25218: 25214: 25209: 25197: 25193: 25187: 25183: 25182: 25176: 25164: 25160: 25154: 25150: 25149: 25143: 25131: 25127: 25121: 25117: 25116: 25110: 25106: 25102: 25098: 25094: 25089: 25085: 25081: 25077: 25071: 25067: 25062: 25058: 25052: 25048: 25047: 25041: 25037: 25033: 25029: 25025: 25020: 25016: 25010: 25006: 25002: 24998: 24986: 24982: 24978: 24974: 24970: 24966: 24962: 24958: 24953: 24941: 24937: 24931: 24928:. Routledge. 24927: 24926: 24920: 24908: 24904: 24898: 24894: 24893: 24887: 24883: 24877: 24874:. Benjamins. 24873: 24868: 24856: 24852: 24846: 24842: 24841: 24835: 24831: 24827: 24823: 24819: 24815: 24811: 24807: 24803: 24798: 24786: 24782: 24780:9781450304498 24776: 24772: 24768: 24764: 24760: 24755: 24754: 24742: 24737: 24733: 24731:0-521-43079-8 24727: 24723: 24718: 24714: 24713: 24707: 24692: 24685: 24684: 24678: 24666: 24662: 24656: 24652: 24651: 24645: 24641: 24637: 24633: 24629: 24625: 24621: 24616: 24604: 24600: 24594: 24590: 24589: 24588:That Which Is 24583: 24571: 24567: 24561: 24558:. Routledge. 24557: 24556: 24550: 24546: 24540: 24537:. Routledge. 24536: 24535: 24529: 24517: 24513: 24507: 24503: 24502: 24496: 24492: 24488: 24484: 24480: 24476: 24472: 24468: 24464: 24459: 24455: 24451: 24447: 24443: 24437: 24433: 24432: 24426: 24422: 24418: 24414: 24410: 24406: 24402: 24397: 24385: 24381: 24375: 24371: 24370: 24364: 24352: 24348: 24342: 24338: 24337: 24331: 24319: 24315: 24309: 24305: 24304: 24298: 24294: 24290: 24286: 24282: 24278: 24274: 24270: 24266: 24261: 24249: 24245: 24239: 24235: 24234: 24228: 24224: 24218: 24214: 24209: 24197: 24193: 24192: 24186: 24174: 24170: 24164: 24160: 24159: 24153: 24149: 24143: 24139: 24134: 24130: 24124: 24120: 24119: 24113: 24101: 24097: 24091: 24087: 24086: 24080: 24068: 24064: 24058: 24054: 24053: 24047: 24032: 24028: 24024: 24019: 24018:2027.42/43799 24014: 24010: 24006: 24002: 23998: 23991: 23986: 23982: 23978: 23974: 23970: 23965: 23953: 23949: 23943: 23939: 23938: 23932: 23920: 23916: 23910: 23906: 23905: 23900: 23896: 23884: 23880: 23874: 23870: 23869: 23863: 23851: 23847: 23841: 23837: 23836: 23830: 23826: 23820: 23817:. Routledge. 23816: 23815: 23810: 23806: 23802: 23796: 23793:. McFarland. 23792: 23791: 23785: 23781: 23775: 23771: 23770: 23764: 23760: 23756: 23751: 23739: 23735: 23731: 23727: 23723: 23719: 23715: 23711: 23707: 23703: 23698: 23694: 23688: 23683: 23682: 23675: 23663: 23659: 23658: 23652: 23649: 23643: 23639: 23635: 23631: 23627: 23622: 23618: 23614: 23609: 23604: 23600: 23596: 23592: 23587: 23575: 23571: 23565: 23561: 23560: 23554: 23550: 23544: 23540: 23535: 23523: 23519: 23513: 23509: 23508: 23502: 23498: 23492: 23488: 23487: 23481: 23477: 23471: 23467: 23466: 23460: 23448: 23444: 23443: 23437: 23433: 23431:81-208-0419-8 23427: 23423: 23418: 23414: 23408: 23404: 23403: 23397: 23393: 23391:81-208-1767-2 23387: 23383: 23379: 23375: 23371: 23367: 23363: 23359: 23353: 23349: 23348: 23342: 23338: 23332: 23328: 23324: 23323:Bryant, Edwin 23320: 23316: 23310: 23306: 23305: 23299: 23287: 23283: 23277: 23273: 23272: 23266: 23262: 23256: 23252: 23251: 23245: 23241: 23235: 23231: 23225: 23224: 23203: 23199: 23195: 23189: 23173: 23169: 23163: 23147: 23143: 23137: 23129: 23125: 23124:Star Wars FAQ 23121: 23115: 23099: 23095: 23089: 23073: 23069: 23065: 23059: 23051: 23047: 23046: 23041: 23034: 23026: 23020: 23016: 23009: 23001: 22997: 22992: 22984: 22968: 22964: 22960: 22953: 22937: 22933: 22929: 22925: 22921: 22915: 22908: 22896: 22892: 22886: 22879: 22875: 22872: 22871: 22865: 22858: 22854: 22851: 22850: 22844: 22837: 22833: 22830: 22829: 22823: 22815: 22808: 22800: 22794: 22790: 22789: 22781: 22779: 22777: 22768: 22762: 22758: 22757: 22749: 22741: 22737: 22736: 22728: 22720: 22716: 22712: 22706: 22702: 22701: 22693: 22677: 22673: 22669: 22663: 22647: 22643: 22639: 22633: 22625: 22621: 22614: 22606: 22602: 22598: 22591: 22575: 22571: 22567: 22561: 22545: 22541: 22537: 22531: 22512: 22508: 22504: 22503: 22495: 22489: 22473: 22469: 22465: 22459: 22443: 22439: 22435: 22431: 22427: 22420: 22404: 22400: 22396: 22390: 22374: 22370: 22366: 22360: 22341: 22334: 22328: 22312: 22308: 22304: 22298: 22282: 22278: 22272: 22256: 22252: 22251:"News on Air" 22246: 22230: 22226: 22222: 22216: 22214: 22194: 22190: 22186: 22179: 22171: 22155: 22151: 22147: 22143: 22139: 22135: 22131: 22127: 22120: 22112: 22106: 22102: 22095: 22079: 22075: 22074: 22069: 22063: 22047: 22043: 22037: 22021: 22017: 22013: 22007: 22000: 21987: 21983: 21977: 21970: 21958:on 1 May 2012 21954: 21950: 21944: 21937: 21936: 21928: 21920: 21919: 21911: 21895: 21891: 21885: 21881: 21880: 21872: 21856: 21852: 21846: 21842: 21841: 21833: 21825: 21819: 21815: 21810: 21809: 21800: 21792: 21786: 21782: 21777: 21776: 21767: 21751: 21747: 21746: 21738: 21722: 21718: 21712: 21708: 21707: 21702: 21696: 21681: 21677: 21671: 21667: 21663: 21659: 21655: 21648: 21632: 21628: 21626:9786024331740 21622: 21618: 21617: 21609: 21601: 21599:9789381500477 21595: 21591: 21584: 21568: 21564: 21562:9780415154826 21558: 21554: 21553: 21545: 21539:, p. 64. 21538: 21533: 21525: 21518: 21502: 21498: 21497: 21489: 21482: 21477: 21469: 21463: 21459: 21458: 21450: 21442: 21438: 21434: 21428: 21420: 21414: 21410: 21409: 21401: 21394: 21389: 21383: 21379: 21378: 21370: 21368: 21366: 21364: 21357:, p. 63. 21356: 21351: 21343: 21337: 21333: 21326: 21318: 21311: 21309: 21301: 21297: 21293: 21289: 21285: 21281: 21277: 21271: 21263: 21256: 21248: 21241: 21233: 21226: 21218: 21211: 21209: 21200: 21193: 21185: 21178: 21176: 21167: 21160: 21152: 21145: 21143: 21135: 21134:9781108056311 21131: 21127: 21121: 21112: 21104: 21098: 21094: 21087: 21080: 21075: 21067: 21061: 21057: 21050: 21043: 21042:Oberlies 2003 21038: 21031: 21026: 21019: 21014: 21007: 21002: 20995: 20990: 20983: 20978: 20970: 20964: 20960: 20959: 20951: 20935: 20931: 20925: 20921: 20920: 20912: 20905: 20900: 20893: 20888: 20881: 20876: 20874: 20867: 20863: 20859: 20853: 20847: 20843: 20839: 20833: 20827: 20823: 20819: 20814: 20805: 20804: 20796: 20790: 20786: 20782: 20776: 20770: 20769:81-208-0309-4 20766: 20762: 20759:Karl Potter, 20756: 20750: 20746: 20742: 20736: 20730: 20729:3-447-01722-8 20726: 20722: 20719:Edwin Gerow, 20716: 20710: 20709:0-226-73033-6 20706: 20700: 20692: 20686: 20682: 20678: 20672: 20664: 20658: 20654: 20647: 20639: 20637:81-208-0772-3 20633: 20629: 20622: 20614: 20613: 20605: 20597: 20591: 20587: 20580: 20573: 20568: 20561: 20549: 20545: 20539: 20535: 20534: 20526: 20519: 20514: 20507: 20502: 20494: 20488: 20484: 20477: 20469: 20463: 20459: 20452: 20444: 20438: 20434: 20427: 20419: 20413: 20409: 20402: 20396: 20392: 20388: 20387: 20380: 20372: 20366: 20362: 20358: 20351: 20344: 20339: 20331: 20329:3-447-01519-5 20325: 20321: 20314: 20307: 20302: 20296: 20295:3-447-01722-8 20292: 20286: 20279: 20274: 20268: 20267:3-447-02091-1 20264: 20258: 20252: 20251:3-447-01603-5 20248: 20242: 20235: 20230: 20223: 20218: 20209: 20202: 20197: 20191:Burrow, §2.9. 20188: 20179: 20170: 20163: 20158: 20149: 20140: 20133: 20128: 20121: 20116: 20109: 20104: 20097: 20092: 20085: 20080: 20073: 20068: 20066: 20058: 20053: 20046: 20041: 20034: 20029: 20022: 20017: 20010: 20005: 20003: 19996:, p. 92. 19995: 19990: 19988: 19986: 19978: 19973: 19966: 19961: 19954: 19949: 19942: 19937: 19935: 19927: 19922: 19916:, p. 89. 19915: 19910: 19908: 19906: 19898: 19893: 19891: 19883: 19878: 19870: 19869: 19860: 19854:, p. 88. 19853: 19848: 19832: 19828: 19822: 19818: 19817: 19809: 19793: 19789: 19783: 19779: 19778: 19770: 19763: 19758: 19756: 19754: 19752: 19745:, p. 93. 19744: 19739: 19732: 19727: 19711: 19707: 19701: 19697: 19696: 19688: 19672: 19668: 19667: 19659: 19643: 19639: 19633: 19629: 19628: 19620: 19604: 19600: 19594: 19590: 19589: 19584: 19578: 19562: 19558: 19552: 19545: 19540: 19533: 19528: 19521: 19516: 19509: 19504: 19488: 19484: 19478: 19474: 19473: 19468: 19462: 19455: 19450: 19448: 19446: 19438: 19433: 19417: 19413: 19407: 19403: 19402: 19394: 19386: 19380: 19376: 19369: 19361: 19355: 19351: 19344: 19325: 19318: 19317:"Nandanagiri" 19312: 19305: 19300: 19298: 19289: 19285: 19279: 19272: 19267: 19260: 19255: 19248: 19243: 19236: 19231: 19215: 19211: 19205: 19201: 19200: 19192: 19185: 19180: 19178: 19170: 19165: 19158: 19153: 19146: 19141: 19139: 19137: 19135: 19133: 19125: 19120: 19113: 19108: 19106: 19098: 19093: 19086: 19081: 19079: 19071: 19066: 19059: 19054: 19047: 19042: 19035: 19031: 19027: 19020: 19004: 19000: 18994: 18990: 18989: 18979: 18973: 18969: 18968: 18960: 18952: 18945: 18938: 18933: 18926: 18921: 18914: 18909: 18903:, p. 10. 18902: 18897: 18889: 18883: 18879: 18878: 18870: 18868: 18866: 18864: 18855: 18851: 18847: 18843: 18839: 18835: 18828: 18820: 18814: 18810: 18809: 18801: 18793: 18787: 18783: 18782: 18777: 18771: 18763: 18757: 18753: 18752: 18744: 18736: 18730: 18726: 18725: 18717: 18709: 18705: 18701: 18694: 18686: 18680: 18676: 18675: 18667: 18665: 18656: 18650: 18646: 18645: 18637: 18629: 18623: 18619: 18618: 18610: 18594: 18590: 18584: 18580: 18579: 18571: 18563: 18557: 18553: 18552: 18544: 18537: 18532: 18530: 18521: 18515: 18511: 18510: 18505: 18499: 18492: 18491:0-8239-2287-1 18488: 18484: 18478: 18476: 18468: 18463: 18456: 18451: 18444: 18439: 18437: 18430:, p. 21. 18429: 18424: 18422: 18413: 18407: 18403: 18402: 18394: 18392: 18384: 18379: 18372: 18367: 18365: 18363: 18361: 18359: 18357: 18355: 18353: 18345: 18340: 18338: 18336: 18334: 18332: 18324: 18319: 18317: 18315: 18313: 18311: 18303: 18298: 18296: 18294: 18287:, p. 20. 18286: 18281: 18279: 18277: 18275: 18267: 18262: 18260: 18258: 18256: 18254: 18247:, p. 15. 18246: 18241: 18239: 18237: 18235: 18233: 18231: 18222: 18215: 18207: 18200: 18193: 18188: 18181: 18176: 18170:, p. 13. 18169: 18164: 18162: 18160: 18158: 18150: 18145: 18139:, p. 12. 18138: 18133: 18131: 18129: 18121: 18116: 18114: 18107:, p. 11. 18106: 18101: 18094: 18089: 18087: 18085: 18077: 18072: 18066:, p. 10. 18065: 18060: 18058: 18056: 18048: 18043: 18041: 18039: 18037: 18029: 18024: 18022: 18014: 18010: 18006: 18004: 17991: 17989: 17976: 17972: 17950: 17947:. p. 6. 17946: 17940: 17938: 17932: 17930: 17924: 17920: 17916: 17910: 17903: 17899: 17895: 17891: 17886: 17880:, p. 75. 17879: 17874: 17867: 17862: 17860: 17852: 17847: 17840: 17835: 17828: 17823: 17816: 17811: 17809: 17807: 17799: 17794: 17792: 17790: 17788: 17786: 17769: 17765: 17759: 17743: 17739: 17735: 17731: 17727: 17721: 17705: 17701: 17695: 17691: 17690: 17682: 17675: 17670: 17654: 17650: 17644: 17640: 17639: 17631: 17615: 17611: 17605: 17601: 17600: 17592: 17576: 17572: 17566: 17562: 17561: 17553: 17546: 17541: 17539: 17522: 17518: 17517: 17509: 17502: 17497: 17489: 17483: 17479: 17478: 17470: 17463: 17458: 17442: 17438: 17432: 17428: 17427: 17419: 17417: 17400: 17396: 17390: 17386: 17385: 17377: 17370: 17365: 17358: 17353: 17346: 17341: 17339: 17331: 17326: 17319: 17314: 17307: 17302: 17286: 17282: 17276: 17272: 17271: 17263: 17261: 17252: 17246: 17242: 17241: 17233: 17226: 17221: 17205: 17201: 17195: 17191: 17190: 17185: 17179: 17163: 17159: 17153: 17149: 17148: 17140: 17124: 17120: 17114: 17110: 17109: 17104: 17103:Avari, Burjor 17098: 17082: 17078: 17072: 17068: 17067: 17059: 17043: 17039: 17033: 17029: 17028: 17020: 17013: 17008: 17001: 16996: 16994: 16992: 16990: 16988: 16980: 16975: 16968: 16963: 16948: 16944: 16943: 16935: 16927: 16923: 16919: 16915: 16911: 16907: 16903: 16899: 16892: 16876: 16872: 16866: 16862: 16861: 16853: 16845: 16841: 16837: 16833: 16829: 16825: 16818: 16811: 16806: 16790: 16786: 16780: 16776: 16775: 16774:East of Indus 16767: 16751: 16747: 16741: 16737: 16736: 16728: 16720: 16714: 16710: 16709: 16701: 16699: 16690: 16684: 16680: 16679: 16671: 16664: 16659: 16657: 16649: 16644: 16637: 16636:Hanneder 2002 16632: 16630: 16628: 16626: 16618: 16613: 16611: 16609: 16601: 16596: 16589: 16584: 16568: 16564: 16558: 16554: 16553: 16545: 16529: 16525: 16519: 16515: 16514: 16506: 16490: 16486: 16480: 16476: 16475: 16467: 16459: 16453: 16449: 16442: 16436:, p. 60. 16435: 16430: 16428: 16426: 16409: 16405: 16399: 16395: 16394: 16389: 16388:Ooi, Keat Gin 16383: 16376: 16371: 16364: 16359: 16353:, p. 21. 16352: 16347: 16345: 16337: 16332: 16324: 16318: 16314: 16313: 16305: 16303: 16295: 16290: 16274: 16270: 16264: 16260: 16259: 16251: 16235: 16231: 16225: 16221: 16220: 16212: 16205: 16200: 16192: 16188: 16184: 16180: 16176: 16172: 16168: 16164: 16157: 16151:, pp. 461–465 16150: 16146: 16142: 16136: 16120: 16116: 16110: 16106: 16105: 16097: 16081: 16077: 16071: 16067: 16066: 16058: 16051: 16050:Umāsvāti 1994 16046: 16039: 16034: 16018: 16014: 16008: 16004: 16003: 15995: 15988: 15983: 15967: 15963: 15957: 15953: 15952: 15944: 15938: 15934: 15931: 15927: 15921: 15915: 15911: 15908: 15904: 15898: 15896: 15888: 15883: 15867: 15863: 15857: 15853: 15852: 15844: 15842: 15840: 15838: 15830: 15825: 15823: 15821: 15819: 15817: 15815: 15813: 15805: 15800: 15784: 15780: 15774: 15770: 15769: 15761: 15745: 15741: 15735: 15731: 15730: 15722: 15720: 15703: 15699: 15693: 15689: 15688: 15680: 15664: 15660: 15654: 15650: 15649: 15641: 15634: 15629: 15621: 15614: 15606: 15600: 15596: 15589: 15581: 15574: 15566: 15564:9783934106055 15560: 15556: 15555: 15547: 15539: 15532: 15530: 15522: 15517: 15510: 15506: 15500: 15492: 15488: 15484: 15477: 15461: 15457: 15451: 15447: 15443: 15436: 15434: 15425: 15422:(in French). 15421: 15417: 15411: 15404: 15399: 15397: 15395: 15393: 15376: 15372: 15366: 15362: 15361: 15356: 15350: 15343: 15338: 15336: 15334: 15332: 15315: 15311: 15305: 15301: 15300: 15292: 15290: 15288: 15271: 15267: 15266: 15258: 15242: 15238: 15232: 15228: 15227: 15219: 15217: 15215: 15207: 15194: 15190: 15184: 15180: 15179: 15171: 15155: 15151: 15145: 15141: 15140: 15132: 15116: 15112: 15106: 15102: 15101: 15093: 15085: 15079: 15075: 15074: 15066: 15058: 15057: 15049: 15042: 15037: 15021: 15017: 15011: 15007: 15006: 14998: 14991: 14986: 14984: 14982: 14980: 14978: 14970: 14965: 14958: 14953: 14947:, p. 53. 14946: 14941: 14933: 14929: 14922: 14915: 14910: 14894: 14890: 14886: 14882: 14880:9783515056274 14876: 14872: 14871: 14863: 14855: 14848: 14841: 14836: 14828: 14821: 14813: 14807: 14803: 14802: 14794: 14786: 14782: 14775: 14773: 14766:, p. 11. 14765: 14760: 14758: 14756: 14747: 14741: 14737: 14736: 14728: 14712: 14708: 14702: 14698: 14697: 14689: 14683: 14682:2-251-41015-5 14679: 14675: 14669: 14662: 14661:2-85539-903-3 14658: 14654: 14650: 14644: 14637: 14632: 14616: 14612: 14606: 14602: 14601: 14593: 14586: 14581: 14579: 14569: 14567: 14550: 14546: 14542: 14538: 14534: 14531:(2): 99–116. 14530: 14526: 14522: 14518: 14512: 14505: 14493: 14489: 14485: 14479: 14464: 14460: 14454: 14450: 14449: 14444: 14438: 14422: 14418: 14412: 14408: 14407: 14399: 14383: 14379: 14373: 14369: 14368: 14360: 14353: 14348: 14342:, p. 50. 14341: 14336: 14329: 14324: 14308: 14304: 14298: 14294: 14293: 14285: 14269: 14265: 14259: 14255: 14254: 14246: 14230: 14226: 14220: 14216: 14215: 14207: 14200: 14195: 14179: 14175: 14169: 14165: 14164: 14156: 14154: 14146: 14141: 14134: 14129: 14122: 14117: 14110: 14105: 14098: 14093: 14086: 14081: 14074: 14069: 14062: 14057: 14055: 14047: 14042: 14035: 14030: 14023: 14018: 14011: 14006: 14000:, p. 20. 13999: 13994: 13992: 13984: 13979: 13972: 13967: 13960: 13955: 13948: 13943: 13936: 13931: 13929: 13912: 13908: 13902: 13898: 13897: 13889: 13882: 13877: 13871: 13867: 13862: 13858: 13854: 13852:9781588112224 13848: 13844: 13840: 13833: 13827:, p. 34. 13826: 13821: 13813: 13807: 13803: 13802: 13794: 13786: 13780: 13776: 13775: 13767: 13759: 13755: 13751: 13745: 13738: 13733: 13727:, p. 45. 13726: 13721: 13714: 13709: 13702: 13697: 13690: 13685: 13678: 13673: 13666: 13661: 13655:, p. 90. 13654: 13649: 13647: 13639: 13634: 13627: 13622: 13604: 13597: 13596: 13589: 13582: 13577: 13571: 13567: 13563: 13556: 13540: 13536: 13532: 13526: 13519: 13514: 13508: 13504: 13503: 13495: 13488: 13483: 13477: 13473: 13472: 13464: 13457: 13452: 13445: 13440: 13433: 13428: 13421: 13408: 13404: 13398: 13394: 13393: 13385: 13383: 13375: 13370: 13364: 13360: 13359: 13351: 13344: 13331: 13327: 13321: 13317: 13313: 13306: 13298: 13292: 13288: 13287: 13282: 13276: 13274: 13272: 13264: 13260: 13254: 13250: 13249: 13241: 13234: 13232: 13226: 13220: 13216: 13212: 13205: 13198: 13185: 13181: 13175: 13171: 13170: 13162: 13155: 13150: 13144: 13140: 13139: 13131: 13129: 13121: 13119: 13115: 13110: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13089: 13082: 13077: 13070: 13065: 13059: 13055: 13054: 13046: 13039: 13034: 13027: 13025: 13021: 13016: 13012: 13008: 13004: 13001:According to 12998: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12977: 12970: 12965: 12959: 12955: 12954: 12946: 12938: 12932: 12928: 12927: 12919: 12917: 12915: 12913: 12903: 12897: 12893: 12892: 12884: 12882: 12880: 12872: 12859: 12855: 12849: 12845: 12844: 12836: 12834: 12826: 12821: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12805: 12791: 12787: 12786: 12783: 12775: 12768: 12766: 12762: 12758: 12754: 12753: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12710: 12708: 12704: 12695: 12693: 12685: 12683: 12679: 12678: 12673: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12646: 12642: 12635: 12619: 12615: 12611: 12605: 12598: 12585: 12581: 12575: 12571: 12567: 12563: 12557: 12555: 12547: 12534: 12530: 12524: 12520: 12516: 12509: 12507: 12499: 12486: 12482: 12476: 12472: 12468: 12461: 12454: 12442: 12438: 12432: 12428: 12427: 12419: 12417: 12409: 12404: 12398: 12394: 12393: 12385: 12383: 12375: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12339: 12321: 12317: 12316: 12308: 12306: 12288: 12284: 12283: 12275: 12273: 12265: 12260: 12252: 12246: 12242: 12241: 12233: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12211: 12207: 12201: 12197: 12191: 12184: 12166: 12162: 12161: 12157: 12152: 12146: 12139: 12127: 12123: 12117: 12113: 12112: 12104: 12100: 12085: 12076: 12069: 12064: 12055: 12046: 12037: 12028: 12020: 12014: 12004: 11995: 11985: 11978: 11974: 11968: 11959: 11949: 11939: 11931: 11926: 11920: 11911: 11902: 11895: 11889: 11882: 11878: 11872: 11863: 11856: 11852: 11851: 11844: 11834: 11827: 11823: 11817: 11810: 11806: 11800: 11792: 11786: 11780: 11774: 11767: 11761:(he carries). 11760: 11757:(you carry), 11756: 11752: 11748: 11744: 11740: 11736: 11730: 11721: 11712: 11705: 11699: 11692: 11686: 11679: 11673: 11666: 11662: 11656: 11647: 11645: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11623: 11614: 11607: 11605: 11598: 11589: 11587: 11577: 11570: 11564: 11557: 11551: 11544: 11543:David Pingree 11538: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11510: 11504: 11497: 11493: 11489: 11488:*dyḗws ph₂tḗr 11485: 11479: 11470: 11463: 11462: 11457: 11453: 11447: 11438: 11429: 11420: 11413: 11407: 11401:, p. 30 11400: 11394: 11392: 11387: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11347:Arsha prayoga 11345: 11344: 11338: 11336: 11335: 11330: 11329:Paulina Rubio 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11313: 11308: 11307: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11295:John Williams 11292: 11288: 11284: 11283: 11278: 11274: 11273: 11268: 11264: 11263: 11258: 11257: 11252: 11251: 11246: 11242: 11238: 11237:Bhagavad Gita 11234: 11230: 11229: 11224: 11220: 11219: 11218:My Sweet Lord 11208: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11189:Gaurav Sharma 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11147: 11136: 11132: 11121: 11110: 11106: 11095: 11091: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11057: 11053: 11051: 11045: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11030: 11027: 11026: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11017: 11013: 11009: 11005: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10981: 10979: 10975: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10957: 10953: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10939: 10938:Heinrich Roth 10933: 10923: 10921: 10917: 10913: 10908: 10904: 10899: 10889: 10887: 10882: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10851: 10849: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10816: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10778: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10754: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10743: 10737: 10735: 10725: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10675: 10674:in Sanskrit. 10673: 10670:have written 10669: 10665: 10660: 10658: 10654: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10638: 10634: 10629: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10616:has given an 10615: 10610: 10605: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10590:Bhagavad Gita 10586: 10582: 10581: 10580:Devi Mahatmya 10576: 10575: 10568: 10566: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10538: 10534: 10533:Hindu temples 10530: 10515: 10513: 10509: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10476:Chandradimuka 10473: 10472:Adhi Makayasa 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10441: 10437: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10409: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10340: 10334: 10332: 10328: 10324: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10303: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10285: 10282:contain many 10281: 10277: 10273: 10268: 10254: 10245: 10235: 10225: 10223: 10203: 10198: 10196: 10192: 10190: 10184: 10180: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10160: 10156: 10147: 10137: 10128: 10114: 10099: 10088: 10074: 10071: 10067: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10027: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9983: 9982: 9978: 9972: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9929: 9924: 9923: 9918: 9914: 9911:, as well as 9910: 9907:. All modern 9906: 9902: 9892: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9869: 9868: 9862: 9861: 9856: 9855: 9850: 9846: 9840: 9839:Greater India 9836: 9832: 9813: 9810: 9805: 9802: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9789: 9777: 9774: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9753: 9747: 9744: 9739: 9736: 9730: 9729: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9706: 9703: 9700: 9697: 9696: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9672: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9633: 9628: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9569: 9566: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9476: 9472: 9470:house 9469: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9459: 9455: 9452: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9426: 9425: 9424: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9410: 9406: 9392: 9389: 9386: 9383: 9380: 9379: 9376: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9341: 9339:Gṛhya·sūtras 9338: 9335: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9325: 9324: 9321: 9319:Śilpa·śāstra 9318: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9308: 9305: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9245: 9244: 9241: 9239:Kāvya·śāstra 9238: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9221: 9219:Nāṭya·śāstra 9218: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9171: 9168: 9165: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9154: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9144: 9142:Artha·śāstra 9141: 9138: 9137: 9134: 9131: 9128: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9097: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9083: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9035: 9031: 9021: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8992: 8989: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8898: 8889: 8878: 8869: 8858: 8849: 8838: 8829: 8820: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8784:Brahmi script 8781: 8780:Kushan Empire 8777: 8774: 8773:Indo-Scythian 8770: 8769:Uttar Pradesh 8765: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8737: 8735: 8729: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8714:Harvard-Kyoto 8711: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8693: 8689: 8679: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8646: 8641: 8637: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8606: 8602: 8600: 8593: 8582: 8577: 8575: 8570: 8568: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8526: 8525: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8519: 8516: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8497: 8493: 8490: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8426: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8388: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8326:Old Sundanese 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8164: 8161: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8142: 8139: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8128: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8058: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8024: 8018: 8017:Sylheti Nagri 8015: 8014: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7915: 7914: 7910: 7909:Brahmi script 7906: 7905: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7842: 7841:Nāgarī script 7838: 7834: 7822: 7817: 7815: 7810: 7808: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7698: 7695: 7694: 7690: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7678: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7491: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7472: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7454: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6806: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6525: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6491: 6486: 6485: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6450:Harvard-Kyoto 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6419: 6418: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6310:Nagari script 6307: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6257:Brahmi script 6251:Brahmi script 6248: 6240: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6220:Brāhmī script 6216: 6214: 6210: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6154: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6132:Brahmi script 6123: 6121: 6120:Gayatri metre 6115: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6097: 6096:Natya Shastra 6089: 6081: 6078: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6069:Bhagavad Gita 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6030:poetic metres 6025: 6021: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5971: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5950: 5947: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5767: 5761: 5758: 5752: 5747: 5737: 5733: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5697: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5663: 5661: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5587: 5574: 5562: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5523: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5471: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4824: 4820: 4819: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4375:Transcription 4374: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4341:Pronunciation 4338: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4325: 4317: 4315: 4303: 4283: 4266: 4263: 4258: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4181:The internal 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4127: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4084: 4073: 4066: 4062: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4018: 4011: 4007: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3963: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3942: 3937: 3935: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3604: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3557: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3437: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3300: 3293: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3265: 3263: 3256: 3254: 3247: 3245: 3238: 3236: 3229: 3227: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3203: 3201: 3194: 3192: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3169: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3117: 3116: 3110: 3101: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3064: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2981: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2927: 2925: 2924:kaṇṭhatālavya 2920: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2898: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2867: 2860: 2857: 2852: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2838: 2835: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2806: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2727: 2722: 2720: 2715: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2480: 2474: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2330:1800 CE. 2327: 2322: 2318: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2274:anachronistic 2271: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2247:According to 2245: 2242: 2239: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220:Bhagavad Gita 2217: 2213: 2203: 2192: 2181: 2170: 2159: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2111:Mughal Empire 2101: 2099: 2095: 2094:Ancient Greek 2091: 2087: 2086:Greater India 2082: 2081: 2075: 2070: 2067: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:philosophical 1903: 1897: 1894: 1887: 1876: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820:According to 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1760: 1754: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1636: 1633:(also called 1632: 1631:Brahmi script 1627: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1602: 1598: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1561: 1555: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1485: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1448: 1444: 1442: 1433: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1256: domus 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1181: hyiós 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1152: soror 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1103: patēr 1102: 1100: pater 1099: 1097: fæder 1096: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1077: mētēr 1076: 1074: māter 1073: 1071: mōdor 1070: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 993: 982: 974: 963: 959: 955: 947: 943: 931: 928: 921: 920:Ancient Greek 913: 910: 903: 900: 899: 898: 896: 892: 882: 878: 868: 859: 849: 845: 841: 826: 823: 818: 817: 816:Natya Shastra 812: 807: 803: 798: 793: 791: 789: 782: 777: 774: 770: 766: 762: 756: 751: 749: 744: 728: 717: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 672: 670: 666: 662: 657: 653: 649: 645: 644: 639: 635: 634: 628: 625: 624:Epic Sanskrit 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 604: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 580:found in the 579: 575: 570: 568: 564: 563:link language 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 519: 510: 500: 495: 485: 484:attributively 479: 443: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 416: 410: 406: 402: 400: 399: 394: 391: 388: – 386: 381: 378: – 376: 367: 363: 360: 355: 350: 345: 342: 337: 332: 327: 324: 319: 314: 309: 305: 297: 289: 286: 283: 280: 279: 278: 275: 274: 273: 267: 262: 257: 254: 251: 250:Brahmi script 248: 245: 242: 241: 240: 236: 230: 226: 222: 216: 206: 203: 202: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 192: 191: 190:Indo-European 187: 183: 177: 173: 171: 167: 161: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 141:Greater Tibet 138: 134: 131: 127: 123: 119: 117:Pronunciation 115: 110: 99: 98:Bhagavad Gita 87: 76: 65: 61: 49: 38: 33: 30: 19: 29765:Sino-Tibetan 29500: 29394:Chittagonian 29240:Contemporary 29172:Languages of 28616: 28523:8th schedule 28393:Bombay Hindi 28335:Unclassified 28232:Ardhamagadhi 28149: 28059:Berar Deccan 27913:Chittagonian 27906:Chittagonian 27399:Vaagri Booli 27364:Pauri Bareli 27359:Palya Bareli 27324:Dhodia–Kukna 27198:Parkari Koli 27011:Northwestern 26701:Kundal Shahi 26270: 26234:of Knowledge 26229: 26212: 26195: 26178: 26166:from Commons 26161: 26144: 26123: 26057: 25966: 25962: 25929: 25925: 25895:(4): 63–78. 25892: 25888: 25876:. Retrieved 25856: 25845:20 September 25843:. Retrieved 25834: 25818:. Retrieved 25798: 25780: 25776: 25759: 25755: 25743:. Retrieved 25723: 25686: 25682: 25663: 25651:. Retrieved 25635:. ABC-CLIO. 25631: 25618:. Retrieved 25598: 25578: 25551: 25539:. Retrieved 25519: 25485: 25481: 25461: 25441: 25421: 25408:. Retrieved 25391: 25387: 25371:. Retrieved 25351: 25338:. Retrieved 25318: 25290: 25286: 25270:. Retrieved 25250: 25216: 25212: 25200:. Retrieved 25180: 25167:. Retrieved 25147: 25134:. Retrieved 25114: 25096: 25092: 25065: 25045: 25027: 25023: 25004: 24991:20 September 24989:. Retrieved 24964: 24960: 24944:. Retrieved 24924: 24911:. Retrieved 24891: 24871: 24859:. Retrieved 24839: 24805: 24801: 24791:20 September 24789:. Retrieved 24762: 24740: 24721: 24711: 24698:. Retrieved 24682: 24669:. Retrieved 24649: 24623: 24619: 24607:. Retrieved 24587: 24574:. Retrieved 24554: 24533: 24520:. Retrieved 24500: 24466: 24462: 24453: 24450:Staal, Frits 24430: 24404: 24400: 24388:. Retrieved 24368: 24355:. Retrieved 24335: 24322:. Retrieved 24302: 24268: 24264: 24252:. Retrieved 24232: 24212: 24200:. Retrieved 24190: 24177:. Retrieved 24157: 24137: 24117: 24104:. Retrieved 24084: 24071:. Retrieved 24051: 24038:. Retrieved 24000: 23996: 23972: 23968: 23956:. Retrieved 23936: 23923:. Retrieved 23903: 23887:. Retrieved 23867: 23854:. Retrieved 23834: 23813: 23809:Dhanesh Jain 23789: 23768: 23758: 23754: 23742:. Retrieved 23709: 23705: 23680: 23666:. Retrieved 23656: 23629: 23598: 23594: 23578:. Retrieved 23558: 23538: 23526:. Retrieved 23506: 23485: 23464: 23451:. Retrieved 23441: 23421: 23401: 23381: 23369: 23346: 23326: 23303: 23290:. Retrieved 23270: 23249: 23228: 23220:Bibliography 23206:. Retrieved 23202:the original 23198:mixup.com.mx 23197: 23188: 23176:. Retrieved 23162: 23150:. Retrieved 23136: 23128:the original 23123: 23114: 23102:. Retrieved 23088: 23076:. Retrieved 23068:Yoga Journal 23067: 23058: 23050:the original 23043: 23033: 23014: 23008: 22995: 22983: 22971:. Retrieved 22962: 22952: 22940:. Retrieved 22923: 22914: 22906: 22899:. Retrieved 22895:the original 22885: 22869: 22864: 22848: 22843: 22827: 22822: 22816:: 2277–4106. 22813: 22807: 22787: 22755: 22748: 22734: 22727: 22699: 22692: 22680:. Retrieved 22671: 22662: 22650:. Retrieved 22641: 22632: 22624:the original 22613: 22605:the original 22600: 22590: 22578:. Retrieved 22574:the original 22569: 22560: 22548:. Retrieved 22539: 22530: 22518:. Retrieved 22500: 22488: 22476:. Retrieved 22467: 22458: 22446:. Retrieved 22429: 22419: 22407:. Retrieved 22398: 22389: 22377:. Retrieved 22368: 22359: 22347:. Retrieved 22327: 22315:. Retrieved 22306: 22297: 22285:. Retrieved 22281:the original 22271: 22259:. Retrieved 22255:the original 22245: 22233:. Retrieved 22227:. Livemint. 22200:. Retrieved 22188: 22184: 22170: 22158:. 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Retrieved 20918: 20911: 20899: 20887: 20880:Banerji 1989 20857: 20852: 20838:Hindu Temple 20837: 20832: 20818:Bruno Dagens 20813: 20802: 20795: 20780: 20775: 20760: 20755: 20740: 20735: 20720: 20715: 20699: 20680: 20671: 20652: 20646: 20627: 20621: 20611: 20604: 20585: 20579: 20567: 20559: 20552:. Retrieved 20532: 20525: 20513: 20501: 20482: 20476: 20457: 20451: 20432: 20426: 20407: 20401: 20384: 20379: 20356: 20350: 20338: 20319: 20313: 20301: 20285: 20273: 20257: 20241: 20234:Banerji 1989 20229: 20224:, p. 5. 20222:Iyengar 1965 20217: 20208: 20201:Iyengar 1965 20196: 20187: 20178: 20169: 20164:, p. 2. 20162:Iyengar 1965 20157: 20148: 20139: 20127: 20115: 20103: 20091: 20079: 20072:Salomon 1998 20057:Salomon 1998 20052: 20045:Salomon 1998 20040: 20033:Salomon 1998 20028: 20021:Salomon 1998 20016: 20009:Salomon 1998 19994:Salomon 1998 19977:Salomon 1998 19972: 19965:Salomon 1998 19960: 19953:Salomon 1998 19948: 19941:Salomon 1998 19926:Salomon 1998 19921: 19914:Salomon 1998 19897:Salomon 1998 19882:Salomon 1998 19877: 19867: 19859: 19852:Salomon 1998 19847: 19835:. Retrieved 19815: 19808: 19796:. Retrieved 19776: 19769: 19762:Salomon 1998 19743:Salomon 1998 19738: 19731:Salomon 1998 19726: 19714:. Retrieved 19694: 19687: 19675:. Retrieved 19665: 19658: 19646:. Retrieved 19626: 19619: 19607:. Retrieved 19587: 19577: 19565:. Retrieved 19551: 19539: 19527: 19515: 19503: 19491:. Retrieved 19471: 19461: 19432: 19420:. Retrieved 19400: 19393: 19374: 19368: 19349: 19343: 19331:. Retrieved 19311: 19287: 19278: 19266: 19254: 19242: 19230: 19218:. Retrieved 19198: 19191: 19164: 19152: 19145:Salomon 1998 19119: 19097:Salomon 1998 19092: 19085:Salomon 1998 19070:Salomon 1998 19065: 19058:Salomon 1998 19053: 19046:Salomon 1998 19041: 19033: 19029: 19025: 19019: 19007:. Retrieved 18987: 18966: 18959: 18950: 18944: 18932: 18920: 18913:Salomon 1998 18908: 18901:Salomon 1998 18896: 18876: 18837: 18833: 18827: 18807: 18800: 18780: 18770: 18750: 18743: 18723: 18716: 18707: 18703: 18693: 18673: 18643: 18636: 18616: 18609: 18597:. Retrieved 18577: 18570: 18550: 18543: 18508: 18498: 18482: 18462: 18450: 18443:Jamison 2008 18428:Jamison 2008 18400: 18383:Jamison 2008 18378: 18371:Jamison 2008 18344:Jamison 2008 18285:Jamison 2008 18266:Jamison 2008 18245:Jamison 2008 18220: 18214: 18205: 18199: 18192:Jamison 2008 18187: 18175: 18168:Jamison 2008 18144: 18137:Jamison 2008 18120:Jamison 2008 18105:Jamison 2008 18100: 18093:Jamison 2008 18071: 18064:Jamison 2008 18047:Jamison 2008 18000: 17985: 17974: 17953:. Retrieved 17934: 17926: 17914: 17909: 17885: 17878:Salomon 2007 17873: 17846: 17834: 17822: 17817:, p. 9. 17815:Jamison 2008 17798:Jamison 2008 17772:. Retrieved 17758: 17746:. Retrieved 17729: 17720: 17708:. Retrieved 17688: 17681: 17674:Salomon 1998 17669: 17657:. Retrieved 17637: 17630: 17618:. Retrieved 17598: 17591: 17579:. Retrieved 17559: 17552: 17545:Salomon 1998 17525:. Retrieved 17515: 17508: 17501:Salomon 1998 17496: 17476: 17469: 17462:Salomon 1998 17457: 17445:. Retrieved 17425: 17403:. Retrieved 17383: 17376: 17369:Salomon 1998 17364: 17357:Salomon 1998 17352: 17345:Salomon 1998 17330:Salomon 1998 17325: 17318:Salomon 1998 17313: 17306:Salomon 1998 17301: 17289:. Retrieved 17269: 17239: 17232: 17220: 17208:. Retrieved 17188: 17178: 17166:. Retrieved 17146: 17139: 17127:. Retrieved 17107: 17097: 17085:. Retrieved 17065: 17058: 17048:24 September 17046:. Retrieved 17026: 17019: 17007: 16974: 16962: 16951:, retrieved 16941: 16934: 16901: 16897: 16891: 16879:. Retrieved 16859: 16852: 16827: 16823: 16817: 16810:Pollock 2001 16805: 16793:. Retrieved 16773: 16766: 16754:. Retrieved 16734: 16727: 16707: 16677: 16670: 16663:Pollock 2001 16648:Pollock 2001 16643: 16617:Pollock 2001 16595: 16583: 16571:. Retrieved 16551: 16544: 16532:. Retrieved 16512: 16505: 16493:. Retrieved 16473: 16466: 16447: 16441: 16412:. Retrieved 16392: 16382: 16370: 16358: 16336:Banerji 1989 16331: 16311: 16289: 16277:. Retrieved 16257: 16250: 16238:. Retrieved 16218: 16211: 16199: 16166: 16162: 16156: 16140: 16135: 16123:. Retrieved 16103: 16096: 16084:. Retrieved 16064: 16057: 16045: 16033: 16021:. Retrieved 16001: 15994: 15982: 15970:. Retrieved 15950: 15943: 15925: 15920: 15902: 15882: 15870:. Retrieved 15850: 15829:Salomon 1998 15804:Banerji 1989 15799: 15787:. Retrieved 15767: 15760: 15748:. Retrieved 15728: 15706:. Retrieved 15686: 15679: 15667:. Retrieved 15647: 15640: 15628: 15619: 15613: 15594: 15588: 15579: 15573: 15553: 15546: 15537: 15520: 15516: 15508: 15504: 15499: 15486: 15476: 15464:. Retrieved 15445: 15423: 15419: 15410: 15379:. Retrieved 15359: 15349: 15318:. Retrieved 15298: 15274:. Retrieved 15264: 15257: 15245:. Retrieved 15225: 15204: 15197:. Retrieved 15177: 15170: 15158:. Retrieved 15138: 15131: 15119:. Retrieved 15099: 15092: 15072: 15065: 15055: 15048: 15036: 15024:. Retrieved 15004: 14997: 14964: 14952: 14940: 14931: 14927: 14921: 14909: 14897:. Retrieved 14869: 14862: 14853: 14847: 14840:Salomon 1995 14835: 14826: 14820: 14800: 14793: 14784: 14780: 14764:Salomon 1998 14734: 14727: 14715:. Retrieved 14695: 14688: 14673: 14668: 14648: 14643: 14638:, p. 2. 14636:Cardona 1997 14631: 14619:. Retrieved 14599: 14592: 14553:. Retrieved 14528: 14524: 14517:Staal, Frits 14511: 14503: 14496:. Retrieved 14487: 14478: 14467:, retrieved 14447: 14437: 14425:. Retrieved 14405: 14398: 14386:. Retrieved 14366: 14359: 14347: 14335: 14323: 14311:. Retrieved 14291: 14284: 14272:. Retrieved 14252: 14245: 14233:. Retrieved 14213: 14206: 14194: 14182:. Retrieved 14162: 14140: 14128: 14123:, p. 9. 14116: 14109:Cardona 2012 14104: 14092: 14080: 14068: 14041: 14029: 14017: 14005: 13978: 13966: 13954: 13949:, p. 6. 13942: 13937:, p. 6. 13915:. Retrieved 13895: 13888: 13876: 13838: 13832: 13820: 13800: 13793: 13773: 13766: 13758:the original 13753: 13744: 13732: 13720: 13708: 13696: 13684: 13672: 13660: 13633: 13621: 13610:, retrieved 13594: 13588: 13579: 13565: 13555: 13545:30 September 13543:. Retrieved 13534: 13525: 13516: 13501: 13494: 13485: 13470: 13463: 13451: 13439: 13427: 13418: 13411:. Retrieved 13391: 13372: 13357: 13350: 13341: 13334:. Retrieved 13315: 13312:"Arithmetic" 13305: 13285: 13262: 13247: 13240: 13230: 13228: 13214: 13204: 13195: 13188:. Retrieved 13168: 13161: 13152: 13137: 13117: 13113: 13112: 13098: 13088: 13076: 13067: 13052: 13045: 13040:, p. 21 13033: 13023: 13019: 13014: 13006: 13003:Asko Parpola 13000: 12986: 12976: 12967: 12952: 12945: 12925: 12890: 12869: 12862:. Retrieved 12842: 12825:Cardona 1997 12820: 12801: 12794:. Retrieved 12785: 12781: 12774: 12760: 12756: 12750: 12748: 12741:. Retrieved 12716: 12712: 12706: 12702: 12681: 12675: 12671: 12670: 12663:. Retrieved 12644: 12634: 12622:. 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Retrieved 12110: 12103: 12084: 12075: 12067: 12063: 12054: 12045: 12036: 12027: 12013: 12003: 11994: 11984: 11967: 11958: 11948: 11938: 11924: 11919: 11910: 11901: 11893: 11888: 11871: 11862: 11848: 11843: 11833: 11816: 11808: 11804: 11799: 11782:, 2nd dual: 11766: 11758: 11754: 11750: 11742: 11738: 11734: 11729: 11720: 11711: 11698: 11685: 11677: 11672: 11664: 11660: 11655: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11622: 11613: 11601: 11597: 11576: 11568: 11563: 11555: 11550: 11537: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11483: 11478: 11469: 11459: 11455: 11451: 11446: 11437: 11428: 11419: 11411: 11406: 11399:Salomon 1998 11332: 11310: 11304: 11298: 11290: 11282:Ray of Light 11280: 11276: 11270: 11260: 11254: 11248: 11236: 11233:Philip Glass 11226: 11216: 11214: 11186: 11134: 11119: 11108: 11093: 11078: 11070: 11055: 11047: 11035: 11023: 11001: 10958: 10954: 10935: 10901: 10883: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10852: 10846:status to a 10827: 10818:A number of 10817: 10797: 10782: 10740: 10738: 10731: 10676: 10661: 10630: 10611: 10607: 10588: 10578: 10572: 10569: 10526: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10493: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10459: 10452:armed forces 10424: 10389: 10363:The ancient 10344: 10337: 10335: 10304: 10269: 10266: 10199: 10186: 10178: 10171: 10168: 10153: 10111: 10068: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10028: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9968: 9964: 9957: 9926: 9920: 9898: 9876: 9858: 9852: 9842: 9803: 9790: 9787: 9768: 9763: 9738:nareṇa gataḥ 9737: 9718: 9698: 9686: 9674: 9662: 9650: 9638: 9631:coil of rope 9622: 9610: 9598: 9586: 9574: 9561: 9554: 9544: 9537: 9528: 9519: 9512: 9493: 9481: 9474: 9464: 9457: 9447: 9440: 9431: 9422: 9419: 9412: 9309:Kṛṣi·śāstra 9068: 9045: 9041: 9037: 8993: 8988:Samudragupta 8985: 8964: 8960:Gupta Empire 8956:eulogy-style 8945:Rudradaman I 8910: 8816:Kankali Tila 8803: 8766: 8743: 8730: 8695: 8657: 8645:Mandakapattu 8625: 8610: 8596: 8448: 8211:Dhives Akuru 8181:Tamil-Brahmi 7886: 7882: 7881:dot and the 7878: 7874: 7870: 7867: 7855: 7844: 7786:Bhūtasaṃkhyā 7763: 7755: 7747: 7739: 7731: 7723: 7715: 7707: 7699: 7691: 7649: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7606: 7601: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7564: 7556: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7522: 7517: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7433: 7428: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7381: 7376: 7365: 7360: 7353: 7345: 7337: 7329: 7324: 7312: 7304: 7299: 7288: 7283: 7276: 7271: 7264: 7254: 7249: 7238: 7230: 7225: 7214: 7209: 7200: 7192: 7187: 7180: 7175: 7164: 7159: 7146: 7141: 7130: 7125: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7078: 7070: 7062: 7057: 7044: 7039: 7028: 7023: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6976: 6968: 6960: 6955: 6942: 6937: 6926: 6921: 6910: 6905: 6898: 6893: 6886: 6878: 6870: 6865: 6854: 6846: 6841: 6832: 6824: 6819: 6754: 6748: 6743: 6734: 6725: 6719: 6700: 6694: 6689: 6680: 6671: 6665: 6658: 6652: 6643: 6637: 6630: 6624: 6615: 6609: 6584: 6578: 6569: 6563: 6556: 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1055: 1051: Greek 1048: Latin 1026: 1024: 939: 888: 814: 811:Bharata Muni 794:). The term 784: 780: 778: 773:Vedic period 768: 764: 745: 740: 673: 641: 631: 629: 601: 593: 571: 567:high culture 441: 440: 412: 396: 308:South Africa 204: 195:Indo-Iranian 149:Central Asia 29: 30113:Hela Havula 29823:Nepal Bhasa 29329:Bangladeshi 29179:Afghanistan 28501:Union-level 28381:and creoles 28363:Lahul Lohar 28242:Maharashtri 27839:Mal Paharia 27829:Kharia Thar 27471:Braj Bhasha 26447:Odia script 26442:Kawi script 26415:Nandinagari 26321:Sanskritism 26146:Definitions 24961:AI Magazine 24106:15 November 23925:15 November 22942:27 December 22597:"Why SAFL?" 22520:22 November 22478:26 February 22073:BBC Radio 3 21701:Paul Dundas 21686:20 February 21537:Burrow 2001 21481:Burrow 2001 21355:Burrow 2001 21006:Burrow 2001 20994:Burrow 2001 20982:Burrow 2001 20904:Wayman 1965 20741:The Puranas 19567:26 February 19290:(2): 14–16. 18467:Burrow 1973 17225:Burrow 1973 16953:23 November 16434:Burrow 1973 16125:16 December 15987:Wayman 1965 15930:Source link 15907:Source Link 15887:Burrow 1973 15633:Burrow 1973 14969:Burrow 1973 14199:Bryant 2001 14133:Witzel 1997 14121:Witzel 1997 14085:Bryant 2001 14048:, §163–170. 13983:Burrow 1973 13971:Burrow 1973 13947:Burrow 1973 13231:Rgveda (RV) 13081:Burrow 1973 12810:.1. 33. of 12761:संस्कृताम् 12359:. Chennai. 12326:24 November 12293:24 November 12068:Kāma·śāstra 11943:p 70 11805:Mahabharata 11753:(I carry), 11737:(I carry), 11659:Pronounced 11556:Vakyapadiya 11484:dyáuṣ pitṛ́ 11293:. Composer 11245:Kula Shaker 10892:In the West 10842:, from the 10826:passed the 10704:(including 10668:Sa Dingding 10565:Paul Dundas 10512:British Raj 10406:during the 10383:located in 10371:written by 9860:Mahabharata 9473:c.f. Latin 9456:c.f. Latin 9439:c.f. Latin 9299:and others 9285:Vaishnavism 9095:Scriptures 9087:References 9057:Hindu texts 8981:Uttarakhand 8977:West Bengal 8921:Nasik Caves 8913:Maharashtra 8754:Chittorgarh 8634:Odia script 8518:Bhattiprolu 8483:New Tai Lue 8434:S'gaw Karen 8419:Mon–Burmese 8348:Ulu scripts 8140:Pungs-chung 8007:Nandinagari 7851:Nandinagari 7837:Nandinagari 7781:Akṣarapallī 7471:punctuation 6470:WX notation 6275:Samkarshana 6050:(light) or 6024:Vedic metre 5895:3rd person 5848:2nd person 5801:1st person 5730:Unadisutras 5720:technique; 5706:Astadhyaayi 5631:they carry 3160:Approximant 2985:kaṇṭhoṣṭhya 2544:. The long 2391:Uttarakhand 2389:. In 2010, 1974:Kizil Caves 1942:Frits Staal 1902:Hindu texts 1863:vinaiyeccam 1815:Kanchipuram 1781:Mahabharata 1706:Paul Dundas 1454:Zoroastrian 1371:Atharvaveda 1359:Louis Renou 1230: bōs 1224: cow 1172: son 1155: eor 1014:– both are 1012:Old Persian 981:Old Avestan 616:Mahābhārata 561:. It was a 427:instead of 288:Uttarakhand 151:(formerly). 100:, composed 30173:Categories 30021:Old Italic 29961:Devanagari 29886:Historical 29755:Portuguese 29572:Burushaski 29491:Rajasthani 29414:Hindustani 29361:Indo-Aryan 29349:Sri Lankan 29184:Bangladesh 29117:Endangered 28920:Rajasthani 28804:unofficial 28763:Rajbangshi 28688:Kamatapuri 28593:(Manipuri) 28284:Apabhraṃśa 28270:Apabhraṃśa 28247:Shauraseni 27963:Bodo Parja 27948:Sambalpuri 27880:Goalpariya 27854:Tanchangya 27844:Noakhailla 27769:Bote-Darai 27580:Fiji Hindi 27549:Sadhukkadi 27520:Judeo-Urdu 27486:Hindustani 27276:Shekhawati 27218:Rajasthani 27203:Saurashtra 26928:Bhadarwahi 26758:Gawar-Bati 26547:Indonesian 26533:Loanwords 26497:Literature 26464:Literature 26410:Devanagari 26290:Indosphere 26214:Phrasebook 26180:Quotations 25410:8 November 25373:13 January 25118:. Indica. 24913:8 November 24902:0226060675 24700:28 October 24306:. Ajanta. 23975:(2): 3–5. 23230:appendices 23178:27 January 23078:31 October 22973:31 October 22710:0713725672 22448:9 February 22409:9 February 22379:9 February 22317:6 December 22287:6 December 22261:6 December 22235:6 December 22026:26 October 21992:28 October 21962:28 October 21507:29 October 21341:8120803310 21079:Staal 1963 21030:Keith 1996 20572:Keith 1996 20506:Keith 1996 20343:Keith 1996 20306:Keith 1996 20173:Keith, §1. 18925:Goody 1987 17894:nasal stop 15604:3447017856 14914:Goody 1987 14787:: 5, 1–13. 14498:23 October 14022:Keith 1996 13870:1588112225 13432:Staal 1986 13413:13 October 13336:15 October 13190:13 October 13095:"Sanskrit" 12808:Kāvyadarśa 12796:13 October 12743:12 October 12665:13 October 12641:"Sanskrit" 12624:6 December 12590:12 October 12539:12 October 12367:11 October 12171:10 October 12132:11 October 12096:References 11875:The Greek 11826:Upanishads 11822:Upanishads 11794:and so on. 11704:echo vowel 11492:Zeus Pater 11228:Satyagraha 11193:parliament 11008:Bangladesh 11002:In India, 10988:See also: 10974:Franz Bopp 10930:See also: 10896:See also: 10879:Ununennium 10761:See also: 10710:Indonesian 10637:Hindustani 10602:See also: 10574:Durga Puja 10518:Modern era 10427:Indonesian 10377:Mulavarman 10315:Indonesian 10300:older form 10294:, such as 10272:Indonesian 10215:True Words 10183:Devanagari 9905:Hindustani 9845:Inner Asia 9835:Indosphere 9829:See also: 9603:hut, house 9591:hard, firm 9533:ripe fruit 9403:See also: 9246:Mythology 9078:Tradition 9055:See also: 9024:Literature 8804:bhagavatam 8700:using the 8504:Kolezhuthu 8499:Vatteluttu 8471:Modern Mon 8444:Tanchangya 8216:Saurashtra 8137:Pungs-chen 7990:Devanagari 7873:, and ळ्ह 7847:Devanagari 7833:Devanagari 7791:Kaṭapayādi 7467:Diacritics 6811:Consonants 6318:Devanāgarī 6233:Uzbekistan 6186:Astadhyayi 6136:Devanagari 6105:Upanishads 5757:atmanepada 5722:Dhatupatha 5718:pratyharas 5714:anubandhas 5710:Sivasutras 5684:(mother), 5648:bhariṣyasi 5618:you carry 5612:Devanagari 5488:See also: 5478:Morphology 5467:(ante)pen- 4347:Hindustani 4314:media help 4148:See also: 3218:Aspiration 3104:Consonants 2375:See also: 2321:Indosphere 2309:See also: 2283:Apabhramsa 2228:Jatakamala 2226:(Telugu), 2028:, eastern 1995:Dalai Lama 1978:Silk Route 1918:scientific 1872:Indo-Aryan 1770:Winternitz 1680:Apabhramsa 1652:Saṃ-skṛ-ta 1582:Aṣṭādhyāyī 1560:Aṣṭādhyāyī 1547:Aṣṭādhyāyī 1542:Bhāradvāja 1532:Aṣṭādhyāyī 1522:Aṣṭādhyāyī 1515:Mahābhāṣya 1383:Upanishads 1329:Devanagari 1227: cū 1195:*dʰugh₂tḗr 1117:*bʰréh₂tēr 1039: PIE 1004:Hindu Kush 875:Left: The 838:See also: 669:Devanagari 603:Aṣṭādhyāyī 539:Bronze Age 527:Indo-Aryan 219:Early form 200:Indo-Aryan 30061:influence 29981:Malayalam 29943:Shahmukhi 29910:Kharosthi 29895:(Abugida) 29828:Sikkimese 29681:Nicobaric 29344:Pakistani 29291:Malayalam 29273:Dravidian 29242:languages 29231:Sri Lanka 29209:classical 29204:scheduled 29107:Classical 28925:Surjapuri 28885:Khandeshi 28855:Dhundhari 28806:languages 28778:Sikkimese 28586:Malayalam 28493:languages 28370:Sheikhgal 28314:languages 28279:Abahattha 28259:Paishachi 28160:Classical 28125:Maldivian 27897:Surjapuri 27863:Kamarupic 27765:Kuswaric 27627:Bhojpuric 27415:Khandeshi 26948:Chambeali 26943:Bilaspuri 26840:Mankiyali 26768:Shumashti 26763:Nangalami 26675:Kishtwari 26507:Vyākaraṇa 26362:Compounds 26197:Textbooks 25983:0271-4442 25954:170594265 25703:0003-0279 25510:197841755 25502:1613-0804 24830:250346761 24491:162241490 24040:29 August 23901:(1996) . 23734:189797805 23617:2300-9969 22963:The Hindu 22932:0971-751X 22924:The Hindu 22580:8 October 22550:26 August 22438:0971-751X 22430:The Hindu 22042:"Samveda" 21900:13 August 21861:13 August 21756:13 August 21296:1356-1863 20919:The Jains 19583:Jan Gonda 19032:(2): 95. 18854:161239418 17923:allophone 17921:, and an 17902:semivowel 17748:2 October 17738:0971-751X 17730:The Hindu 17105:(2016) . 16979:Seth 2007 16926:144219653 16918:0019-4646 16844:144219653 16588:Hock 1983 16191:169685693 15226:The Jains 14655:, 2000 . 13626:Seth 2007 13612:4 October 12763:// १७ // 12682:saṃskṛta- 12491:5 October 12447:5 October 12357:The Hindu 11663:like the 11291:Om shanti 11267:Madonna's 11247:released 11215:The song 11181:HAL Tejas 11044:Indonesia 11012:Sri Lanka 11006:, Nepal, 11004:Indonesia 10950:philology 10813:gurukulas 10706:Malaysian 10698:alphabets 10672:pop songs 10349:Indonesia 10311:Malaysian 10284:loanwords 10117:East Asia 10032:tadbhavas 9998:-am from 9945:lexically 9933:Malayalam 9778:"he did" 9356:Tripiṭaka 9346:Buddhism 9273:Vaiśeṣika 9259:Darśana, 9103:Upaniṣads 9092:Hinduism 8925:Kanakhera 8740:Epigraphy 8734:Romanised 8672:Malayalam 8626:varnamala 8538:Goykanadi 8509:Malayanma 8331:Sundanese 8241:Sukhothai 8233:Khom Thai 8201:Malayalam 8163:Tocharian 8156:Bhaiksuki 7949:Khudabadi 7776:Āryabhaṭa 7473:, symbols 7453:Conjuncts 6445:ISO 15919 6435:Hunterian 6356:Languages 6302:found in 6296:varnamala 6229:Kharosthi 5726:Ganapatha 5652:भरिष्यसि 5469:ultimate 4335:phonology 3603:Retroflex 3598:mūrdhanya 3271:mahāprāṇa 3262:alpaprāṇa 3253:mahāprāṇa 3244:alpaprāṇa 3235:mahāprāṇa 3226:alpaprāṇa 3175:Fricative 3138:anunāsika 2785:Retroflex 2778:mūrdhanya 2445:to Latin 2401:Phonology 2345:Indonesia 2291:Sinhalese 2052:Nha Trang 2018:Indonesia 1946:Nagarjuna 1910:religious 1879:Influence 1838:Old Tamil 1702:Theravada 1443:10.71.1–4 1379:Aranyakas 1375:Brahmanas 1367:Yajurveda 1325:padapatha 1216:daughter 1134:bhrā́tar- 1060:Glossary 973:Old Norse 960:(archaic 748:sáṃskṛta- 684:gurukulas 509:saṃskṛtam 503:संस्कृतम् 499:nominally 494:saṃskṛta- 398:Glottolog 359:ISO 639-3 341:ISO 639-2 323:ISO 639-1 60:Saṃskṛtam 54:संस्कृतम् 48:Saṃskṛta- 30179:Sanskrit 30101:Activism 30073:Hinglish 29976:Gurmukhi 29971:Gujarati 29938:Nastaliq 29833:Tenyidie 29788:Dzongkha 29605:Lyngngam 29564:Isolates 29501:Sanskrit 29496:Rangpuri 29466:Maithili 29441:Kashmiri 29429:Hinglish 29409:Gujarati 29379:Bhojpuri 29374:Assamese 29339:Nepalese 29316:Germanic 29258:Aka-Jeru 29226:Pakistan 29216:Maldives 29080:Tangkhul 28952:speakers 28875:Haryanvi 28860:Garhwali 28817:speakers 28708:Kokborok 28663:Bhojpuri 28617:Sanskrit 28581:Maithili 28571:Kashmiri 28556:Gujarati 28536:Assamese 28491:Official 28426:See also 28408:Nefamese 28403:Nagamese 28294:Kamarupi 28254:Gāndhārī 28211:Middle ( 28150:Sanskrit 28088:Konkanic 28037:Marathic 28027:Marathi– 28019:Southern 27923:Rohingya 27892:Rangpuri 27870:Assamese 27834:Kurmukar 27812:dialects 27792:Kamarupa 27676:Maithili 27669:Maithili 27634:Bhojpuri 27539:Kannauji 27501:Hinglish 27481:Haryanvi 27246:Dhundari 27186:Wadiyara 27168:Jandavra 27163:Gujarati 27150:Gujarati 27072:Khetrani 27037:dialects 26993:Sirmauri 26973:Jaunsari 26963:Mandeali 26958:Pangwali 26938:Bhateali 26895:Garhwali 26854:Northern 26820:Chilisso 26696:Brokskat 26670:Kashmiri 26663:Kashmiri 26357:Pronouns 26330:Language 26271:Sanskrit 26124:Sanskrit 25946:23497502 25917:24944793 25872:Archived 25839:Archived 25814:Archived 25789:23329146 25768:24157111 25739:Archived 25721:(2004). 25647:Archived 25614:Archived 25570:59319758 25535:Archived 25404:Archived 25367:Archived 25334:Archived 25266:Archived 25241:24996796 25196:Archived 25163:Archived 25130:Archived 25105:44082954 25084:26550827 25036:44082791 24985:Archived 24940:Archived 24907:Archived 24892:Language 24855:Archived 24822:25581326 24785:Archived 24691:Archived 24665:Archived 24603:Archived 24570:Archived 24516:Archived 24452:(1986), 24384:Archived 24351:Archived 24318:Archived 24293:35550166 24248:Archived 24196:Archived 24173:Archived 24100:Archived 24067:Archived 24031:Archived 23981:43299940 23952:Archived 23919:Archived 23883:Archived 23850:Archived 23738:Archived 23726:24664154 23662:Archived 23574:Archived 23528:4 August 23522:Archived 23447:Archived 23380:(2001). 23368:(1973). 23325:(2001). 23286:Archived 23172:Archived 23146:Archived 23144:. IMDb. 23098:Archived 23072:Archived 23045:The Week 23000:Archived 22967:Archived 22936:Archived 22874:Archived 22853:Archived 22832:Archived 22719:36909325 22676:Archived 22646:Archived 22544:Archived 22511:Archived 22472:Archived 22442:Archived 22403:Archived 22399:The Wire 22373:Archived 22369:The Wire 22340:Archived 22311:Archived 22229:Archived 22202:15 March 22193:Archived 22191:: 1–26. 22160:15 March 22084:24 March 22078:Archived 22046:Archived 22020:Archived 21894:Archived 21855:Archived 21750:Archived 21721:Archived 21680:archived 21637:21 March 21631:Archived 21573:21 March 21567:Archived 21501:Archived 20934:Archived 20554:6 August 20548:Archived 20508:, ch 24. 20345:, ch 22. 19837:8 August 19831:Archived 19798:8 August 19792:Archived 19716:8 August 19710:Archived 19677:8 August 19671:Archived 19648:8 August 19642:Archived 19609:8 August 19603:Archived 19585:(2016). 19561:Archived 19493:7 August 19487:Archived 19422:6 August 19416:Archived 19333:6 August 19324:Archived 19220:7 August 19214:Archived 19009:3 August 19003:Archived 18778:(1963). 18599:2 August 18593:Archived 18506:(1988). 18493:. p. 140 17949:Archived 17768:Archived 17742:Archived 17704:Archived 17653:Archived 17614:Archived 17575:Archived 17521:Archived 17441:Archived 17399:Archived 17285:Archived 17204:Archived 17162:Archived 17123:Archived 17081:Archived 17042:Archived 16947:archived 16875:Archived 16789:Archived 16750:Archived 16567:Archived 16528:Archived 16489:Archived 16408:Archived 16390:(2004). 16273:Archived 16234:Archived 16183:23497034 16119:Archived 16080:Archived 16017:Archived 15966:Archived 15933:Archived 15910:Archived 15866:Archived 15783:Archived 15744:Archived 15702:Archived 15663:Archived 15491:Archived 15466:22 March 15460:Archived 15375:Archived 15357:(1996). 15314:Archived 15270:Archived 15241:Archived 15206:to Pali. 15193:Archived 15154:Archived 15115:Archived 15020:Archived 14893:Archived 14889:22195130 14711:Archived 14615:Archived 14549:Archived 14492:Archived 14490:. 2013. 14463:archived 14445:(1998), 14421:Archived 14382:Archived 14307:Archived 14268:Archived 14229:Archived 14178:Archived 13911:Archived 13861:32590410 13603:archived 13539:Archived 13535:BBC News 13407:Archived 13330:Archived 13283:(2009). 13184:Archived 13114:Sanskrit 12858:Archived 12790:Archived 12752:Ramayana 12737:Archived 12677:Ramayana 12672:Sanskrit 12659:Archived 12618:Archived 12584:Archived 12564:(2007). 12533:Archived 12485:Archived 12441:Archived 12361:Archived 12320:archived 12287:archived 12223:... (21) 12198:(1948). 12165:Archived 12126:Archived 11877:Nearchos 11838:periods. 11809:Ramayana 11807:and the 11743:bharāmas 11661:somewhat 11412:saṃskṛta 11341:See also 11175:and the 10875:Francium 10850:status. 10789:Varanasi 10742:Sudharma 10714:Javanese 10696:and its 10679:Filipino 10657:Samaveda 10641:Kirtanas 10633:Carnatic 10541:Mahayana 10444:Ramayana 10432:Jayapura 10373:Brahmins 10325:such as 10296:Javanese 10062:becomes 10054:becomes 10046:becomes 10038:becomes 9965:tadbhava 9928:tadbhava 9873:Prakrits 9854:Ramayana 9793:Kālidāsa 9769:kṛta·vān 9699:heramba- 9651:mayū́ra- 9623:kuṇḍala- 9615:to pound 9587:kaṭhina- 9562:kajjala- 9486:moisture 9381:Jainism 9364:shastras 9293:Shaktism 9289:Shaivism 9249:Purāṇas 9236:Poetics 9084:Example 8972:Shaivism 8810:and the 8613:Gujarati 8605:Kālidāsa 8478:Tai Tham 8405:Tagbanwa 8390:Baybayin 8321:Javanese 8306:Balinese 8272:Tai Viet 8256:Thai Noi 8206:Tigalari 8134:Marchung 8082:Pracalit 8065:Bhujimol 8060:Nepalese 8041:Assamese 7995:Gujarati 7959:Mahajani 7939:Gurmukhi 7879:anusvara 7683:Numerals 7650:and more 6460:Velthuis 6410:and more 6407:Sanskrit 6382:Maithili 6283:Balarama 6271:Vāsudeva 6060:anusvara 6040:Vedangas 5790:Singular 5781:Singular 5702:Paninian 5688:(nose), 5670:preverbs 5635:bharanti 4103:anusvara 3289:Guttural 3153:antastha 2604:Guttural 2483:yellow). 2365:Malaysia 2361:Thailand 2349:Cambodia 2216:Samaveda 2074:register 1991:Xuanzang 1959:Umaswati 1936:and the 1853:— 1803:Varanasi 1775:Ramayana 1744:Xuanzang 1714:Mahavira 1712:and the 1690:Buddhism 1675:Prakrits 1671:Ramayana 1666:Saṃskṛta 1576:lipikara 1363:Samaveda 1262: 1236: 1212:duhitár- 1210: 1184: 1158: 1138:brother 1132: 1106: 1080: 1065:*méh₂tēr 1056:Sanskrit 769:Sanskrit 620:Rāmāyaṇa 618:and the 612:Kālidāsa 594:Sanskrit 586:Pakistan 555:Buddhism 547:Hinduism 535:diffused 488:संस्कृत- 442:Sanskrit 433:Help:IPA 405:sans1269 205:Sanskrit 42:संस्कृत- 35:Sanskrit 18:Sahityam 30001:Sinhala 29996:Ranjana 29986:Kannada 29966:Bengali 29953:Brahmic 29879:Scripts 29861:Turkmen 29843:Tripuri 29838:Tibetan 29803:Ladakhi 29742:Romance 29709:Teressa 29666:Santali 29661:Mundari 29582:Kusunda 29539:Balochi 29531:Iranian 29521:Sylheti 29516:Sinhala 29506:Saraiki 29486:Punjabi 29471:Marathi 29451:Kumaoni 29446:Konkani 29399:Dhivehi 29384:Bengali 29324:English 29286:Kannada 29035:Ladakhi 28940:Varhadi 28905:Marwari 28895:Lambadi 28890:Kumaoni 28870:Harauti 28850:Bundeli 28840:Bajjika 28830:Bagheli 28748:Mundari 28713:Kurmali 28703:Khortha 28622:Santali 28612:Punjabi 28597:Marathi 28576:Konkani 28566:Kannada 28541:Bengali 28513:English 28379:Pidgins 28358:Chinali 28348:Bazigar 28342:Badeshi 28237:Magadhi 28213:Prakrit 28130:Sinhala 28118:Insular 28095:Konkani 28074:Katkari 28069:Phudagi 28049:Varhadi 28044:Marathi 28029:Konkani 28001:Bhunjia 27875:Kamrupi 27849:Sylheti 27807:Bengali 27800:Bengali 27761:Kumhali 27728:Kochila 27716:Tharuic 27707:Kurmali 27695:Sadanic 27686:Bajjika 27660:Khortha 27610:Eastern 27570:Bagheli 27558:Eastern 27515:Deccani 27491:Kauravi 27476:Bundeli 27464:Western 27456:Central 27425:Dawoodi 27420:Lambadi 27344:Bhilori 27314:Bhilali 27261:Marwari 27251:Harauti 27181:Parkari 27142:Western 27109:Kholosi 27104:Jadgali 27082:Saraiki 27032:Punjabi 27025:Eastern 27018:Punjabi 26988:Hinduri 26933:Churahi 26910:Western 26900:Kumaoni 26888:Central 26862:Eastern 26789:Kalasha 26782:Chitral 26737:Pashayi 26730:Pashayi 26706:Kalkoti 26552:Tagalog 26537:English 26394:Origin 26388:Scripts 26379:Prosody 26347:Grammar 25991:2935779 25897:Bibcode 25878:17 July 25820:17 July 25745:21 July 25711:3087594 25653:17 July 25620:17 July 25541:17 July 25340:17 July 25272:13 July 25221:Bibcode 25202:17 July 25169:17 July 25136:17 July 24981:6836833 24946:17 July 24861:17 July 24671:16 July 24609:20 July 24576:18 July 24522:16 July 24483:2050186 24390:16 July 24357:17 July 24324:17 July 24285:2696659 24254:17 July 24202:17 July 24179:16 July 24073:17 July 24027:3270278 23958:16 July 23889:19 July 23856:18 July 23744:28 June 23668:17 July 23580:16 July 23453:13 July 23292:16 July 23152:21 July 23104:5 April 22901:26 June 22870:Sejarah 22540:YouTube 22150:1177640 21727:20 July 20940:20 July 17975:visarga 17955:26 June 17915:visarga 17710:28 July 17659:28 July 17620:28 July 17581:28 July 17527:28 July 17447:28 July 17405:28 July 17291:28 July 17210:27 July 17168:20 July 17129:24 July 17087:17 July 16881:20 July 16795:20 July 16756:20 July 16573:17 July 16534:17 July 16495:17 July 16414:21 July 16279:20 July 16240:20 July 16086:20 July 16023:20 July 15972:20 July 15928:, IEP, 15872:20 July 15789:19 July 15750:20 July 15708:20 July 15669:20 July 15503:P. 116 15381:20 July 15320:19 July 15276:19 July 15247:20 July 15199:20 July 15160:19 July 15121:20 July 15026:19 July 14899:18 July 14717:18 July 14621:18 July 14555:18 July 14545:1397332 14469:18 July 14427:19 July 14388:19 July 14313:18 July 14274:18 July 14235:18 July 14184:18 July 13917:18 July 12864:18 July 12765:Hanuman 11977:Prakrit 11973:paradox 11739:bharati 11735:bharāmi 11496:Jupiter 11321:Rigveda 11315:is the 11303:and in 11250:Govinda 11205:Punjabi 11161:Prithvi 11139:transl. 11131:Paskhas 11124:transl. 11113:transl. 11098:transl. 11083:transl. 11060:transl. 11022:India: 11016:mottoes 10873:or eka- 10871:Gallium 10779:, India 10722:English 10683:Cebuano 10653:shlokas 10649:stotras 10645:bhajans 10594:city". 10394:was at 10379:of the 10327:Tagalog 10222:mantras 10209: 10202:Shingon 10195:Tengyur 10185:: क्षण 10040:ardhama 9969:tatsama 9949:Marathi 9937:Kannada 9922:tatsama 9811: 9808: 9806: 9780: 9775: 9772: 9755: 9745: 9742: 9704:buffalo 9691:creeper 9667:jasmine 9663:mallikā 9655:peacock 9643:a rogue 9415:lexicon 9399:Lexicon 9368:tantras 9281:Vedānta 9277:Mīmāṅsa 9261:Sāṅkhya 9157:Jyotiṣa 8997:Si Thep 8929:Kanheri 8917:Gujarat 8746:Ayodhyā 8722:Unicode 8664:Kannada 8533:Kannada 8523:Kadamba 8424:Burmese 8410:Kulitan 8400:Hanunoo 8383:Serawai 8373:Pasemah 8358:Lampung 8343:Makasar 8338:Lontara 8287:Lai Pao 8282:Lai Tay 8277:Dai Don 8251:Fakkham 8221:Sinhala 8196:Grantha 8186:Pallava 8151:Kalinga 8130:Marchen 8118:Phagspa 8091:Tibetan 8075:Soyombo 8070:Ranjana 8048:Tirhuta 8036:Bengali 7980:Siddham 7954:Multani 7929:Sharada 7887:halanta 7883:visarga 6402:Prakrit 6377:Konkani 6367:Marathi 6336:Abugida 6304:Sughana 6279:Krishna 6243:Scripts 6064:visarga 6035:chandas 5946:Rigveda 5796:Plural 5787:Plural 5771:Active 5667:Rigveda 5639:भरन्ति 5622:bharasi 5462:stress 4387:(2003) 4385:Cardona 4382:(2002) 4380:Goldman 4351:Marathi 4262:vr̥ddhi 4251:vr̥ddhi 4241:vr̥ddhi 4107:visarga 3436:Palatal 3431:tālavya 3282:kaṇṭhya 3183:Voicing 3130:Plosive 2667:Palatal 2660:tālavya 2597:kaṇṭhya 2357:Vietnam 2341:Myanmar 2104:Decline 2056:Vietnam 1934:Mīmāṃsā 1855:Reinöhl 1822:Lamotte 1807:Paithan 1694:Jainism 1597:bahulam 1557:In the 1552:Vedānga 1538:Kaśyapa 1494:Rigveda 1469:similes 1465:Odyssey 1441:Rigveda 1402:Nasatya 1397:Mitanni 1343:Rigveda 1321:Rigveda 1247:*demh₂- 1204: - 1178: - 1169:*suHnús 1164:sister 1160:svásar- 1143:*swésōr 1112:father 1091:*ph₂tḗr 1086:mother 1054: 1031:cognate 1008:Avestan 942:archaic 930:Hittite 829:History 797:prakrta 788:prākṛta 638:Avestan 636:of old 582:Rigveda 559:Jainism 521:) is a 429:Unicode 170:Revival 111:. 1791. 30045:Thaana 30011:Telugu 29920:Arabic 29893:Brahmi 29853:Turkic 29813:Meitei 29798:Hajong 29750:French 29732:Jarawa 29699:Chaura 29592:Khasic 29577:Nihali 29549:Pashto 29511:Sindhi 29476:Nepali 29456:Magahi 29436:Hindko 29389:Chakma 29369:Angika 29334:Indian 29301:Telugu 29281:Brahui 29263:Aka-Bo 29189:Bhutan 29163:Major 29085:Thadou 29050:Mising 29010:Konyak 29005:Kolami 29000:Kodava 28995:Khotta 28980:Dimasa 28975:Badaga 28965:Angami 28915:Nimadi 28910:Mewari 28880:Kangri 28825:Awadhi 28788:Tamang 28783:Sunwar 28773:Sherpa 28753:Newari 28733:Magahi 28723:Lepcha 28718:Kurukh 28693:Kharia 28678:Gurung 28658:Angika 28637:Telugu 28627:Sindhi 28602:Nepali 28591:Meitei 28525:to the 28312:Proto- 28268:Late ( 28177:Middle 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25011: 24979: 24932: 24899: 24878: 24847: 24828: 24820: 24777: 24728: 24657: 24640:597713 24638: 24595: 24562: 24541: 24508: 24489: 24481: 24438: 24421:604670 24419: 24376: 24343: 24310: 24291: 24283: 24240: 24219: 24165: 24144: 24125: 24092: 24059: 24025: 23979: 23944: 23911: 23875: 23842: 23821: 23797: 23776: 23732: 23724: 23689: 23644: 23615: 23566: 23545: 23514: 23493: 23472: 23428: 23409: 23388: 23354: 23333: 23311: 23278: 23257: 23236: 23208:30 May 23021: 22930: 22795: 22763: 22717: 22707: 22682:24 May 22652:24 May 22638:"Home" 22436: 22148: 22107: 21945: 21886: 21847: 21820: 21816:–188. 21787: 21713: 21672: 21623: 21596: 21559: 21464: 21415: 21384: 21338: 21294: 21132: 21099: 21062: 20965: 20926: 20864: 20844: 20824: 20787: 20767: 20747: 20727: 20707: 20687: 20659: 20634: 20592: 20540: 20489: 20464: 20439: 20414: 20393: 20367: 20326: 20293: 20265: 20249: 19823: 19784: 19702: 19634: 19595: 19479: 19408: 19381: 19356: 19206: 18995: 18974: 18884: 18852: 18815: 18788: 18758: 18731: 18681: 18651: 18624: 18585: 18558: 18516: 18489: 18408: 17774:26 May 17736: 17696: 17645: 17606: 17567: 17484: 17433: 17391: 17277: 17247: 17196: 17154: 17115: 17073: 17034: 16924: 16916: 16867: 16842: 16781: 16742: 16715: 16685: 16559: 16520: 16481: 16454: 16400: 16319: 16265: 16226: 16189: 16181: 16147: 16111: 16072: 16009: 15958: 15858: 15775: 15736: 15694: 15655: 15601: 15561: 15452: 15367: 15306: 15233: 15185: 15146: 15107: 15080: 15012: 14887: 14877: 14808: 14742: 14703: 14680: 14659: 14607: 14543: 14455: 14413: 14374: 14299: 14260: 14221: 14170: 13903: 13868: 13859: 13849: 13808: 13781: 13572: 13509: 13478: 13399: 13365: 13322: 13293: 13255: 13221: 13176: 13145: 13105: 13060: 13024:Ṛgveda 13020:Ṛgveda 13015:Ṛgveda 13007:Ṛgveda 12993: 12960: 12933: 12898: 12850: 12812:Daṇḍin 12733:618999 12731: 12651: 12614:gov.za 12576: 12525: 12477: 12433: 12399: 12247: 12118: 11855:Buddha 11759:bairiþ 11755:bairis 11334:Ananda 11325:Enigma 11269:album 11201:Pahari 11048:(See: 10996:, and 10877:being 10865:, and 10777:Mysore 10751:Mysore 10747:Mysore 10651:, and 10561:Agamas 10555:, the 10500:ginger 10496:pepper 10484:Taruna 10164:Yijing 10064:muhamu 10060:mukham 10024:sodhya 10020:codyam 10012:uruvam 10004:aracan 10000:sāgara 9941:Telugu 9867:Pāṇini 9837:, and 9795:uses: 9740: 9701: 9687:vallī- 9639:khala- 9626: 9564: 9555:*mukam 9547: 9545:múkham 9538:*paẓam 9529:phálam 9494:háras- 9482:dā́nu- 9467: 9458:crūdus 9450: 9448:kravís 9226:Music 9186:Epics 9107:Āgamas 9063:, and 8943:ruler 8788:Sodasa 8752:(near 8718:ITRANS 8668:Telugu 8545:Telugu 8464:Tai Le 8459:Khamti 8429:Chakma 8378:Rejang 8363:Lembak 8353:Incung 8143:Drusha 8101:Lepcha 8096:Meitei 8012:Kaithi 7985:Nagari 7944:Khojki 7889:sign. 7839:, and 6490:Vowels 6455:ITRANS 6387:Sindhi 6372:Nepali 6237:Ashoka 6182:Pāṇini 6005:sá/tám 5964:mātarā 5774:Middle 5746:aorist 5682:mātar- 5674:tmesis 5573:Ending 5561:Suffix 5549:Suffix 5522:Ending 4355:Nepali 4183:sandhi 4176:sandhi 4172:sandhi 4168:sandhi 4164:sandhi 4156:sandhi 4150:Sandhi 3941:Labial 3934:oṣṭhya 3770:Dental 3765:dantya 3209:aghoṣa 3191:aghoṣa 3123:sparśa 2856:Dental 2849:dantya 2726:Labial 2719:oṣṭhya 2490:svaras 2465:Vowels 2457:, and 2363:, and 2080:Pāṇini 2038:Vishnu 2032:. 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