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Carnot's ostensible part during this agitation was confined to augmenting his popularity by well-timed appearances on public occasions, which gained credit for the presidency and the republic. When, early in 1889, Boulanger was finally driven into exile, it fell to Carnot to appear as head of the
433:
Carnot presided over a few achievements. He was well received when he travelled around France and when he inaugurated the 1889 exhibition celebrating the French
Revolution, and he facilitated a rapprochement with Russia. His term in office bolstered the power and influence of the presidency.
417:
rapid rise and failed attempt to march on the Elysee in 1889 posed the first serious threat to the
Republic during Carnot's term. Then came a series of ministerial crises, financial scandals, labour turmoil, anarchist violence, and finally Carnot's own assassination in 1894. The
584:
of the same year. The success of both was regarded as a popular ratification of the republic, and though continually harassed by the formation and dissolution of ephemeral ministries, by socialist outbreaks, and the beginnings of
2135:
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1410:
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642:. Carnot died shortly after midnight on 25 June. The stabbing aroused widespread horror and grief, and the president was honoured with an elaborate funeral ceremony in the
540:. In August 1878 he was appointed secretary to the minister of public works. He became minister in September 1880 and again in April 1885, moving almost immediately to the
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of 1892, which, if they greatly damaged the prestige of the state, increased the respect felt for its head, against whose integrity none could breathe a word.
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1901:
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and many others, so that he was elected by 616 votes out of 827. He assumed office at a critical period, when the republic was all but openly attacked by
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1712:
2063:
476:. Like his uncle, Marie François came to be known as Sadi Carnot. In his scientific-mindedness and Republican leanings, he resembled his grandfather,
3272:
1537:
3624:
1931:
422:, involving bribes to parliamentarians, resulted in major financial losses and deeply embarrassed those involved. The extreme right-wing newspaper
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2081:
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1979:
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1554:
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2015:
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1779:
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3614:
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2009:
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in
December 1887, Carnot's reputation for integrity made him a candidate for the presidency, and he obtained the support of
3619:
1623:
1296:
825:
377:
1955:
1549:
1512:
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Carnot was reaching the zenith of his popularity, when, on 24 June 1894, after delivering a speech at a public banquet in
3649:
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on 1 July, 1894, after which he was interred in the
Pantheon's crypt alongside other notable figures in French history.
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1839:
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1991:
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1507:
507:
caused the government of national defence to entrust him in 1870 with the task of organizing resistance in the
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2510:
2474:
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1528:
465:
20:
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1813:
1724:
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1576:
1114:
1090:
1080:
581:
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521:, and he was made prefect of Seine-Inférieure in January 1871. In the following month he was elected to the
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and is generally regarded as the founder of the subject, who in turn was named after the
Persian poet
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Lacassagne, Alexandre (1843â1924) Auteur du texte; Poncet, A. Auteur du texte (10 April 1894).
639:
634:
in which he appeared to imply that he would not seek re-election, he was stabbed by an
Italian
1545:
503:. After his academic course, he obtained an appointment in the public service. His hereditary
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Caserio called the assassination a political act, and was executed on 16 August 1894.
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state on two occasions of special interest, the celebration of the centenary of the
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867:
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115:
90:
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2591:
2585:
2561:
2257:
1879:
1154:
987:
977:
930:
926:
402:; 11 August 1837 â 25 June 1894) was a French statesman, who served as the
250:
3086:
1454:
3497:
3344:
3302:
3284:
3142:
2960:
2912:
2786:
2324:
2312:
2300:
1521:
1496:
1389:
545:
285:
2702:
2684:
2666:
2648:
1106:
921:
635:
464:, Haute-Vienne. His third given name Sadi was in honour of his uncle
3645:
Members of the 4th
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3640:
Members of the 3rd
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3635:
Members of the 2nd
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3630:
Members of the 1st
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
861:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
461:
326:
413:
His presidency was marked by a series of poorly handled crises.
1650:
905:
661:â A city in the Central African Republic named in honour of him
893:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
718:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
705:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
631:
560:
When the Daniel Wilson scandals occasioned the downfall of
514:
342:
880:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
766:"L'assassinat du président Carnot / par A. Lacassagne,..."
430:, escalated intolerance towards Third Republic politics.
456:
Marie François Sadi Carnot was the son of the statesman
732:
730:
728:
726:
589:, Carnot had only one serious crisis to surmount, the
3725:
National presidents assassinated in the 19th century
723:
495:and was a highly distinguished student at both the
19:For the scientist and uncle of Marie François, see
803:Le Président Carnot et ses Funérailles au Panthéon
3571:
818:
763:
1645:
691:Sadi Carnot : l'ingénieur de la République
1631:
1122:
275:23 September 1880 â 14 November 1881
480:, the military modernizer and member of the
786:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1638:
1624:
1129:
1115:
688:
38:
3675:Recipients of the Royal Order of KalÄkaua
1608:Acting presidents are denoted by italics.
167:16 April 1885 â 11 December 1886
1136:
866:
736:
615:
441:
3625:Members of the National Assembly (1871)
72:3 December 1887 â 25 June 1894
3572:
620:Illustration of Carnot's assassination
3715:Politicians assassinated in the 1890s
3710:Assassinated heads of state in Europe
1619:
1110:
672:â Sculptor of statue in Saint-Chamond
552:administrations until December 1886.
397:
230:6 April 1885 â 16 April 1885
16:President of France from 1887 to 1894
544:, which post he held under both the
3605:Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
885:
748:
13:
468:, the engineer who formulated the
14:
3736:
3720:Assassinated presidents in Europe
3590:19th-century presidents of France
2627:(September 1870â19 February 1871)
2309:(December 29, 1818âNovember 1819)
945:National Portrait Gallery, London
899:
707:(Prentice Hall, 1990). pp. 69â70.
3665:Ăcole des Ponts ParisTech alumni
904:
895:(Prentice Hall, 1990). pp 69â70.
854:
611:
426:, run by anti-Semitic publicist
376:
3680:Assassinated French politicians
3595:19th-century princes of Andorra
3263:(5 Septemberâ11 September 1948)
891:Bell, David Scott, et al. eds.
580:in 1889 and the opening of the
3695:Burials at the Panthéon, Paris
3173:(November 1943âSeptember 1944)
2633:(19 Februaryâ25 February 1871)
2390:(10 Novemberâ18 November 1834)
2297:(September 1815âDecember 1818)
1668:Controller-General of Finances
794:
757:
753:. Brussels: Editions Complexe.
742:
710:
703:David Scott Bell, et al. eds.
697:
682:
399:[maÊifÊÉÌswasadikaÊno]
1:
3615:Transport ministers of France
3323:(1 Februaryâ14 February 1956)
3317:(February 1955âFebruary 1956)
3269:(September 1948âJanuary 1949)
2723:(16 April 1885âDecember 1886)
2303:(7 Decemberâ29 December 1818)
2150:(10 Augustâ21 September 1792)
1938:de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
676:
555:
447:
437:
45:
3690:Deaths by stabbing in France
3239:(December 1946âJanuary 1947)
3200:(November 1944âJanuary 1946)
3047:(4 Februaryâ9 February 1934)
3029:(December 1932âJanuary 1933)
3011:(December 1930âJanuary 1931)
2537:(December 1851âJanuary 1852)
2501:(December 1848âOctober 1849)
689:Harismendy, Patrick (1995).
626:Assassination of Sadi Carnot
596:Carnot was in favour of the
501:Ăcole des Ponts et ChaussĂ©es
470:second law of thermodynamics
7:
3620:Finance ministers of France
3035:(January 1933âJanuary 1934)
2507:(October 1849âJanuary 1851)
872:Carnot, Marie François Sadi
826:"Caserio at the Guillotine"
806:. Librarie le Soudier. 1895
776:– via gallica.bnf.fr.
652:
466:Nicolas LĂ©onard Sadi Carnot
21:Nicolas LĂ©onard Sadi Carnot
10:
3741:
3660:Ăcole Polytechnique alumni
3650:Prefects of Seine-Maritime
3101:(November 1938âMarch 1940)
2963:(December 1925âMarch 1926)
2867:(December 1913âMarch 1914)
2741:(December 1887âApril 1888)
2711:(August 1882â6 April 1885)
1662:Superintendent of Finances
623:
391:Marie François Sadi Carnot
18:
3685:People murdered in France
3360:
3329:(February 1956âJune 1957)
3293:(March 1952âJanuary 1953)
3251:(November 1947âJuly 1948)
3219:
3194:(SeptemberâNovember 1944)
3180:
3141:
3114:
3053:(February 1934âJune 1935)
2613:
2544:
2457:
2432:(March 1840âOctober 1840)
2352:
2277:
2256:
2235:
2214:
2157:
1762:
1677:
1657:
1606:
1475:
1427:
1175:
1144:
1095:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1046:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1011:
1001:
992:
984:
974:
965:
957:
952:
384:
372:
362:
353:Manner of death
352:
336:
320:
315:
311:
301:
291:
279:
268:
256:
244:
234:
223:
216:
204:
192:
171:
160:
153:
141:
129:
76:
65:
57:
53:
37:
30:
3341:(November 1957âMay 1958)
2957:(NovemberâDecember 1925)
2933:(June 1924â3 April 1925)
2771:(December 1893âMay 1894)
2729:(December 1886âMay 1887)
2681:(NovemberâDecember 1877)
2675:(May 1877âNovember 1877)
2531:(NovemberâDecember 1851)
2402:(JanuaryâSeptember 1836)
2171:(21 September 1792â1793)
2144:(29 Julyâ10 August 1792)
1529:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
1155:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
1091:Salvador Casañas y Pagés
995:Minister of Public Works
968:Minister of Public Works
941:Portraits of Sadi Carnot
523:French National Assembly
218:Minister of Public Works
3610:Opportunist Republicans
3311:(JanuaryâFebruary 1955)
3245:(JanuaryâNovember 1947)
3233:(OctoberâDecember 1946)
3041:(JanuaryâFebruary 1934)
2951:(OctoberâNovember 1925)
2939:(3 Aprilâ17 April 1925)
2783:(JanuaryâNovember 1895)
2777:(May 1894âJanuary 1895)
2717:(6 Aprilâ16 April 1885)
2606:(AugustâSeptember 1870)
2582:(JanuaryâNovember 1867)
2525:(OctoberâNovember 1851)
2495:(OctoberâDecember 1848)
2396:(18 November 1834â1836)
2384:(1832â10 November 1834)
911:Sadi Carnot (statesman)
877:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
598:Franco-Russian Alliance
3705:1894 murders in Europe
3655:French civil engineers
3182:Provisional Government
2981:(19 Julyâ23 July 1926)
2897:(MarchâSeptember 1917)
2855:(June 1911âMarch 1913)
2366:(AugustâNovember 1830)
2138:(18 Juneâ29 July 1792)
2132:(13 Juneâ18 June 1792)
640:Sante Geronimo Caserio
621:
534:Opportunist Republican
453:
340:25 June 1894 (aged 56)
3506:(MarchâNovember 2004)
3404:(July 1968âJune 1969)
3257:(JulyâSeptember 1948)
3095:(AprilâNovember 1938)
3005:(MarchâDecember 1930)
2999:(FebruaryâMarch 1930)
2879:(9 Juneâ13 June 1914)
2861:(MarchâDecember 1913)
2765:(AprilâDecember 1893)
2705:(JanuaryâAugust 1882)
2645:(AprilâDecember 1872)
2471:(FebruaryâMarch 1848)
2426:(May 1839âMarch 1840)
2291:(JulyâSeptember 1815)
1015:Jean-Jules Clamageran
913:at Wikimedia Commons
619:
536:parliamentary group,
491:He was educated as a
445:
199:Jean-Jules Clamageran
3512:(November 2004â2005)
3335:(JuneâNovember 1957)
3287:(JanuaryâMarch 1952)
3167:(JuneâNovember 1943)
3083:(JanuaryâMarch 1938)
3059:(1 Juneâ7 June 1935)
3023:(JuneâDecember 1932)
2993:(1928âFebruary 1930)
2945:(AprilâOctober 1925)
2825:(MarchâOctober 1906)
2789:(November 1895â1896)
2651:(December 1872â1873)
2594:(JanuaryâApril 1870)
2519:(AprilâOctober 1851)
2513:(JanuaryâApril 1851)
2450:(1847âFebruary 1848)
2201:(JulyâNovember 1799)
2126:(Marchâ13 June 1792)
1958:(December 1720â1722)
1138:Presidents of France
1081:Co-Prince of Andorra
749:Ory, Pascal (1989).
185:Charles de Freycinet
101:Charles de Freycinet
3600:People from Limoges
3374:(October 1958â1960)
3353:(JuneâOctober 1958)
3299:(JanuaryâJune 1953)
3281:(1951âJanuary 1952)
3212:(JuneâOctober 1946)
3206:(JanuaryâJune 1946)
3077:(1937âJanuary 1938)
3017:(January 1931â1932)
2831:(October 1906â1909)
2735:(MayâDecember 1887)
2600:(AprilâAugust 1870)
2588:(1867âJanuary 1870)
2558:(January 1852â1855)
2489:(JuneâOctober 1848)
2438:(October 1840â1842)
1952:(MayâDecember 1720)
1940:(1718âJanuary 1720)
1934:(1718âJanuary 1720)
1546:François Mitterrand
1356:Alexandre Millerand
1254:Jean Casimir-Perier
1203:Patrice de MacMahon
1099:Jean Casimir-Perier
1059:Jean Casimir-Perier
1049:President of France
1022:Minister of Finance
670:André César Vermare
542:ministry of finance
538:Gauche républicaine
497:Ăcole Polytechnique
415:General Boulanger's
404:President of France
367:Moderate Republican
155:Minister of Finance
148:Jean Casimir-Perier
121:Jean Casimir-Perier
60:President of France
3476:(August 1995â1997)
3089:(MarchâApril 1938)
2891:(August 1914â1917)
2885:(JuneâAugust 1914)
2546:House of Bonaparte
2345:(JulyâAugust 1830)
2258:House of Bonaparte
2216:House of Bonaparte
1946:(JanuaryâMay 1720)
1087:Served alongside:
953:Political offices
830:The New York Times
751:l'Expo Universelle
665:Politics of France
622:
602:Order of St Andrew
566:Georges Clemenceau
454:
44:Official portrait
3567:
3566:
3470:(MayâAugust 1995)
3408:Giscard d'Estaing
3396:Couve de Murville
3384:Giscard d'Estaing
3165:Couve de Murville
3107:(MarchâJune 1940)
2969:(MarchâJune 1926)
2927:(MarchâJune 1924)
2873:(MarchâJune 1914)
2849:(MarchâJune 1911)
2843:(1910âMarch 1911)
2819:(1905âMarch 1906)
2759:(1892âApril 1893)
2747:(April 1888â1889)
2414:(1837âMarch 1839)
2270:(MarchâJuly 1815)
2142:Delaville-Leroulx
2120:(1791âMarch 1792)
1647:Finance ministers
1613:
1612:
1583:François Hollande
1486:Charles de Gaulle
1105:
1104:
1096:Succeeded by
1085:1887â1894
1056:Succeeded by
1029:Succeeded by
1002:Succeeded by
975:Succeeded by
909:Media related to
720:(1990). pp 69â70.
600:and received the
578:French Revolution
570:General Boulanger
486:French Revolution
408:his assassination
388:
387:
3732:
3530:(June 2007â2011)
3297:BourgĂšs-Maunoury
3161:(1942âJune 1943)
3065:(June 1935â1936)
2987:(July 1926â1928)
2975:(JuneâJuly 1926)
2477:(MarchâMay 1848)
2420:(MarchâMay 1839)
2354:House of Orléans
2279:House of Bourbon
2237:House of Bourbon
2195:(1796âJuly 1799)
1764:House of Bourbon
1731:de Cossé-Brissac
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1558:
1541:
1516:
1504:Georges Pompidou
1467:
1450:
1419:
1402:
1385:
1373:Gaston Doumergue
1368:
1351:
1334:
1322:Raymond Poincaré
1317:
1305:Armand FalliĂšres
1300:
1283:
1266:
1249:
1232:
1215:
1198:
1167:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1071:Preceded by
1039:Preceded by
1012:Preceded by
985:Preceded by
958:Preceded by
950:
949:
936:Carnot biography
908:
886:Furthere reading
881:
860:
858:
857:
842:
841:
839:
837:
832:. 16 August 1894
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
798:
792:
791:
785:
777:
775:
773:
761:
755:
754:
746:
740:
734:
721:
714:
708:
701:
695:
694:
693:. Paris: Perrin.
686:
582:Paris Exhibition
532:. He joined the
519:Seine-Inférieure
460:and was born in
458:Hippolyte Carnot
452:
449:
406:from 1887 until
401:
396:
380:
316:Personal details
304:
294:
282:
273:
259:
247:
237:
228:
207:
195:
174:
165:
144:
132:
79:
70:
47:
42:
28:
27:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3670:Corps des ponts
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3524:(MayâJune 2007)
3518:(2005âMay 2007)
3464:(1993âMay 1995)
3398:(MayâJuly 1968)
3392:(1966âMay 1968)
3364:
3356:
3347:(MayâJune 1958)
3223:
3221:Fourth Republic
3215:
3184:
3176:
3145:
3137:
3118:
3110:
2925:François-Marsal
2907:François-Marsal
2669:(1875âMay 1877)
2637:Pouyer-Quertier
2617:
2609:
2548:
2540:
2483:(MayâJune 1848)
2461:
2459:Second Republic
2453:
2442:Lacave-Laplagne
2412:Lacave-Laplagne
2356:
2348:
2339:(MayâJuly 1830)
2333:(1829âMay 1830)
2281:
2273:
2260:
2252:
2239:
2231:
2218:
2210:
2161:
2153:
1874:de La Vieuville
1798:de La Vieuville
1766:
1758:
1681:
1679:House of Valois
1673:
1653:
1644:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1593:Emmanuel Macron
1573:Nicolas Sarkozy
1552:
1535:
1510:
1471:
1461:
1444:
1429:Fourth Republic
1423:
1413:
1396:
1379:
1362:
1345:
1328:
1311:
1294:
1277:
1260:
1243:
1226:
1209:
1192:
1171:
1161:
1146:Second Republic
1140:
1135:
1101:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1061:
1052:
1044:
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1025:
1017:
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870:, ed. (1911). "
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558:
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424:La Libre Parole
420:Panama scandals
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341:
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3560:(2024âpresent)
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3365:(1958âpresent)
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2159:First Republic
2155:
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2097:
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2031:
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2019:
2013:
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1971:
1965:
1959:
1956:de La Houssaye
1953:
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1929:
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1911:
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1899:
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1563:Jacques Chirac
1560:
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1493:
1482:
1480:
1479:(1958âpresent)
1477:Fifth Republic
1473:
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1470:
1469:
1452:
1438:Vincent Auriol
1434:
1432:
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1387:
1370:
1353:
1339:Paul Deschanel
1336:
1319:
1302:
1285:
1268:
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1234:
1217:
1200:
1186:Adolphe Thiers
1182:
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1177:Third Republic
1173:
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1032:Albert Dauphin
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1005:Charles DemĂŽle
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3116:Vichy France
2919:de Lasteyrie
2697:Allain-Targé
2430:de la LozĂšre
2180:
2076:de Fourqueux
1986:de SĂ©chelles
1980:d'Arnouville
1902:Le Pelletier
1804:de Champigny
1792:de Schomberg
1747:de BelliĂšvre
1597:2017âpresent
1520:
1495:
1288:Ămile Loubet
1236:
1088:
1079:
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1020:
993:
988:David Raynal
978:David Raynal
966:
961:Henri Varroy
931:Find a Grave
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307:David Raynal
303:Succeeded by
297:Henri Varroy
270:
258:Succeeded by
251:David Raynal
225:
206:Succeeded by
162:
143:Succeeded by
106:Ămile Loubet
67:
25:
3585:1894 deaths
3580:1837 births
3554:(2017â2024)
3548:(2014â2017)
3542:(2012â2014)
3536:(2011â2012)
3500:(2002â2004)
3494:(2000â2002)
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3410:(1969â1974)
3386:(1962â1966)
3380:(1960â1962)
3378:Baumgartner
3305:(1953â1955)
3275:(1949â1951)
3224:(1946â1958)
3185:(1944â1946)
3155:(1941â1942)
3146:(1941â1944)
3143:Free France
3134:(1942â1944)
3128:(1940â1942)
3126:Bouthillier
3119:(1940â1944)
3093:Marchandeau
3081:Marchandeau
3071:(1936â1937)
3045:Marchandeau
2921:(1922â1924)
2915:(1921â1922)
2909:(1920â1921)
2903:(1917â1920)
2837:(1909â1910)
2813:(1902â1905)
2807:(1899â1902)
2801:(1898â1899)
2795:(1896â1898)
2753:(1889â1892)
2699:(1881â1882)
2693:(1879â1881)
2687:(1877â1879)
2663:(1874â1875)
2657:(1873â1874)
2639:(1871â1872)
2618:(1870â1940)
2576:(1861â1867)
2570:(1860â1861)
2568:La Roquette
2564:(1855â1860)
2549:(1852â1870)
2462:(1848â1852)
2444:(1842â1847)
2408:(1836â1837)
2378:(1831â1832)
2372:(1830â1831)
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2240:(1814â1815)
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2207:(1799â1804)
2189:(1795â1796)
2183:(1794â1795)
2177:(1793â1794)
2162:(1792â1804)
2136:de Beaulieu
2114:(1790â1791)
2102:(1789â1790)
2094:de Breteuil
2090:(1788â1789)
2084:(1787â1788)
2072:(1783â1787)
2060:(1781â1783)
2054:(1777â1781)
2048:(1776â1777)
2036:(1774â1776)
2030:(1769â1774)
2024:(1768â1769)
2018:(1763â1768)
2012:(1759â1763)
2000:(1757â1759)
1994:(1756â1757)
1988:(1754â1756)
1982:(1745â1754)
1976:(1730â1745)
1970:(1726â1730)
1964:(1722â1726)
1928:(1715â1718)
1926:de Noailles
1922:(1708â1715)
1916:(1699â1708)
1910:(1689â1699)
1904:(1683â1689)
1898:(1661â1683)
1892:(1659â1661)
1886:(1653â1659)
1876:(1651â1653)
1870:(1650â1651)
1868:de Longueil
1864:(1649â1650)
1854:(1648â1649)
1852:de La Porte
1848:(1647â1648)
1842:(1643â1647)
1836:de Bailleul
1832:(1640â1643)
1830:Bouthillier
1826:(1632â1640)
1824:Bouthillier
1816:(1626â1632)
1810:(1624â1626)
1808:de Marillac
1800:(1623â1624)
1794:(1619â1622)
1788:(1614â1619)
1782:(1598â1611)
1776:(1589â1594)
1767:(1589â1792)
1755:(1588â1589)
1749:(1574â1588)
1743:(1568â1570)
1737:(1561â1567)
1727:(1559â1560)
1725:de Lorraine
1721:(1556â1559)
1715:(1552â1556)
1709:(1546â1552)
1707:d'Annebault
1703:(1544â1546)
1697:(1524â1544)
1691:(1518â1524)
1682:(1518â1589)
1670:(1661â1791)
1664:(1561â1661)
1553: [
1536: [
1522:Alain Poher
1511: [
1497:Alain Poher
1462: [
1445: [
1431:(1947â1958)
1414: [
1397: [
1390:Paul Doumer
1380: [
1363: [
1346: [
1329: [
1312: [
1295: [
1278: [
1271:FĂ©lix Faure
1261: [
1244: [
1237:Sadi Carnot
1227: [
1220:Jules Grévy
1210: [
1193: [
1179:(1870â1940)
1162: [
1148:(1848â1852)
1074:Jules Grévy
1042:Jules Grévy
927:Sadi Carnot
918:Sadi Carnot
848:Attribution
562:Jules Grévy
527:département
451: 1873
293:Preceded by
286:Jules Ferry
246:Preceded by
194:Preceded by
136:Jules Grévy
131:Preceded by
32:Sadi Carnot
3574:Categories
3462:Alphandéry
2715:Clamageran
2643:de Goulard
2511:de Germiny
2337:de Montbel
2331:de Crouzol
2319:de VillĂšle
2112:de Lessart
2082:de Brienne
2070:de Calonne
2064:d'Ormesson
2016:de Laverdy
1932:de Caumont
1914:Chamillart
1908:Phélypeaux
1820:de Bullion
1780:de BĂ©thune
1741:de Birague
1053:1887â1894
1026:1885â1886
972:1880â1881
922:Structurae
810:8 November
677:References
556:Presidency
438:Early life
3540:Moscovici
3450:Bérégovoy
3438:Bérégovoy
3105:Lamoureux
2979:de Monzie
2937:de Monzie
2931:Clementel
2877:Clémentel
2679:Dutilleul
2487:Goudchaux
2469:Goudchaux
2376:Dominique
2364:Dominique
2343:Dominique
2307:Dominique
2289:Dominique
2247:Dominique
2130:Duranthon
2058:de Fleury
2046:des RĂ©aux
2040:de Clugny
2022:d'Invault
1968:des Forts
1950:des Forts
1920:Desmarets
1862:de Mesmes
1840:de Mesmes
1735:d'Ongnyes
1719:d'Avançon
1701:du Thiers
1689:de Beaune
1587:2012â2017
1577:2007â2012
1567:1995â2007
1550:1981â1995
1533:1974â1981
1525:(interim)
1508:1969â1974
1500:(interim)
1490:1959â1969
1459:1954â1959
1455:René Coty
1442:1947â1954
1411:1932â1940
1394:1931â1932
1377:1924â1931
1360:1920â1924
1326:1913â1920
1309:1906â1913
1292:1899â1906
1275:1895â1899
1258:1894â1895
1241:1887â1894
1224:1879â1887
1207:1873â1879
1190:1871â1873
1159:1848â1851
768:A. Storck
636:anarchist
550:Freycinet
530:CĂŽte-d'Or
482:Directory
410:in 1894.
373:Signature
271:In office
226:In office
163:In office
68:In office
3552:Le Maire
3444:Balladur
3414:Fourcade
3339:Pflimlin
3333:Gaillard
3327:Ramadier
3315:Pflimlin
3267:Queuille
3159:Diethelm
3057:Caillaux
2985:Poincaré
2973:Caillaux
2955:Loucheur
2949:Painlevé
2943:Caillaux
2883:Noullens
2865:Caillaux
2847:Caillaux
2829:Caillaux
2823:Poincaré
2805:Caillaux
2775:Poincaré
2673:Caillaux
2406:DuchĂątel
2400:d'Argout
2370:Laffitte
2295:Corvetto
2187:Faipoult
2169:ClaviĂšre
2148:ClaviĂšre
2124:ClaviĂšre
1992:de Moras
1713:Guillart
782:cite web
772:10 April
653:See also
644:Panthéon
548:and the
499:and the
3528:Lagarde
3510:Gaymard
3504:Sarkozy
3486:Sautter
3474:Arthuis
3468:Madelin
3321:Lacoste
3273:Petsche
3255:Reynaud
3243:Schuman
3231:Schuman
3210:Schuman
3192:Lepercq
3132:Cathala
3099:Reynaud
3063:RĂ©gnier
3015:Flandin
3003:Reynaud
2895:Thierry
2871:Renoult
2835:Cochery
2811:Rouvier
2799:Peytral
2793:Cochery
2769:Burdeau
2763:Peytral
2751:Rouvier
2745:Peytral
2733:Rouvier
2727:Dauphin
2523:Blondel
2481:Duclerc
2418:Gautier
2106:Lambert
1896:Colbert
1890:Fouquet
1884:Fouquet
1880:Servien
1858:d'Emery
1846:d'Emery
1814:de Ruzé
1786:Jeannin
943:at the
865::
836:24 June
525:by the
513:of the
484:of the
462:Limoges
395:French:
327:Limoges
3558:Armand
3534:Baroin
3522:Borloo
3516:Breton
3492:Fabius
3432:Delors
3426:Monory
3402:Ortoli
3261:Pineau
3237:Philip
3204:Philip
3198:Pleven
3171:France
3153:Pleven
3075:Bonnet
3069:Auriol
3039:Piétri
3033:Bonnet
3027:Chéron
2997:Dumont
2991:Chéron
2961:Doumer
2913:Doumer
2859:Dumont
2817:Merlou
2787:Doumer
2757:Tirard
2739:Tirard
2721:Carnot
2709:Tirard
2691:Magnin
2631:Buffet
2625:Picard
2598:Segris
2592:Buffet
2580:Rouher
2556:Bineau
2436:Humann
2394:Humann
2382:Humann
2268:Gaudin
2261:(1815)
2226:Gaudin
2205:Gaudin
2199:Lindet
2181:Vacant
2108:(1790)
2100:Necker
2096:(1789)
2088:Necker
2078:(1787)
2066:(1783)
2052:Necker
2042:(1776)
2034:Turgot
2028:Terray
2010:Bertin
2006:(1759)
1651:France
859:
716:Bell,
659:Carnot
638:named
347:France
331:France
3546:Sapin
3456:Sapin
3420:Barre
3390:Debré
3372:Pinay
3351:Pinay
3345:Faure
3309:Buron
3303:Faure
3291:Pinay
3285:Faure
3279:Mayer
3249:Mayer
2967:PĂ©ret
2901:Klotz
2889:Ribot
2853:Klotz
2841:Klotz
2781:Ribot
2655:Magne
2604:Magne
2586:Magne
2574:Fould
2562:Magne
2535:Fould
2517:Fould
2505:Fould
2499:Passy
2448:Dumon
2424:Passy
2388:Passy
2118:Tarbé
1962:Dodun
1695:Babou
1557:]
1540:]
1515:]
1466:]
1449:]
1418:]
1401:]
1384:]
1367:]
1350:]
1333:]
1316:]
1299:]
1282:]
1265:]
1248:]
1231:]
1214:]
1197:]
1166:]
999:1885
604:from
546:Ferry
48:1880s
3087:Blum
1974:Orry
1343:1920
838:2008
812:2013
788:link
774:2018
632:Lyon
515:Eure
343:Lyon
337:Died
321:Born
58:5th
3498:Mer
2703:Say
2685:Say
2667:Say
2649:Say
2325:Roy
2313:Roy
2301:Roy
1944:Law
1774:d'O
1753:d'O
1649:of
929:at
920:at
874:".
3576::
1555:fr
1538:fr
1513:fr
1464:fr
1447:fr
1416:fr
1399:fr
1382:fr
1365:fr
1348:fr
1331:fr
1314:fr
1297:fr
1280:fr
1263:fr
1246:fr
1229:fr
1212:fr
1195:fr
1164:fr
828:.
784:}}
780:{{
725:^
608:.
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448:c.
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