33:
632:
879:
1353:
752:, and in October became chief of the military cabinet. It was mainly Freycinet's powers of organization which enabled Gambetta to raise army after army to oppose the invading Germans. He revealed himself to be a competent strategist, but the policy of dictating operations to the generals in the field was not accompanied by happy results. The friction between him and
803:, whom he succeeded in December 1879 as Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs. He passed an amnesty for the Communards, but in attempting to steer a middle course (between the Catholics and the anti-clericalists) on the question of religious associations, he lost Gambetta's support, and resigned in September 1880.
846:'s cabinet – the first civilian since 1848 to hold that office. His services to France in this capacity were the crowning achievement of his life, and he enjoyed the conspicuous honour of holding his office without a break for five years through as many successive administrations – those of Floquet and
829:
He came to power with an ambitious programme of internal reform; but apart from settling the question of the exiled pretenders, his successes were chiefly in the sphere of colonial extension. In spite of his unrivalled skill as a parliamentary tactician, he failed to keep his party together, and was
858:
ministries. The introduction of the three-years' service and the establishment of a general staff, a supreme council of war, and the army commands were all due to him. His premiership was marked by heated debates on the clerical question, and it was a hostile vote on his bill against the religious
830:
defeated on 3 December 1886. In the following year, after two unsuccessful attempts to construct new ministries, he stood for the
Presidency of the Republic; but the radicals, to whom his opportunism was distasteful, turned the scale against him by transferring their votes to
718:, a post in which he showed a remarkable talent for organization, and in 1862 returned to the engineering service, attaining in 1886 the rank of inspector-general. He was sent on several special scientific missions, including one to the United Kingdom, on which he wrote
798:
for the gradual acquisition of the railways by the state and the construction of new lines at a cost of three milliards of francs, and for the development of the canal system at a further cost of one milliard. He retained his post in the ministry of
1368:
3172:
353:
1760:
1580:
3152:
3362:
1960:
1945:
1704:
3197:
1915:
822:, but the vote of credit was rejected in the Chamber by 417 votes to 75, and the ministry resigned. He returned to office in April 1885 as Foreign Minister in
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4359:
3568:
2985:
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3316:
3278:
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3250:
3230:
2023:
1940:
806:
In
January 1882 he again became Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. The reluctance of the French parliament to join Britain in the
3283:
1808:
790:. He entered the Senate in 1876 as a follower of Gambetta, and in December 1877 became Minister of Public Works in the cabinet of
701:
4384:
3397:
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1970:
1690:
3127:
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1901:
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2018:
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1932:
527:
3245:
3187:
1326:
1091:
1033:
949:
831:
656:; 14 November 1828 – 14 May 1923) was a French statesman who served four times as Prime Minister during the
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1816:
1768:
859:
associations that caused the fall of his cabinet. He failed to clear himself entirely of complicity in the
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57:
3137:
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3001:
2013:
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768:, and he was responsible for the campaign in the east, which ended in the destruction of the
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1358:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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826:'s cabinet, and retained that post when, in January 1886, he succeeded to the premiership.
744:. On the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870, he offered his services to
737:
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1955:
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1311:
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8:
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721:
Mémoire sur le travail des femmes et des enfants dans les manufactures de l'Angleterre
660:. He also served an important term as Minister of War (1888–1893). He belonged to the
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1651:
1076:
Charles de
Freycinet – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
1006:
Charles de
Freycinet – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
795:
104:
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4135:
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131:
80:
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1459:
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1039:
958:
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346:
1377:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
1313:
Annuaire de la noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe
1021:
784:
In 1871 he published a defence of his administration under the title of
2763:
1323:(Directory of the nobility of France and the sovereign houses of Europe
1211:
811:
765:
1160:
Charles de
Freycinet – President of the Council and Minister of War
620:
1318:
711:
850:, his own fourth ministry (March 1890 – February 1892), and the
866:
In
November 1898 he once again became Minister of War in the
815:
704:, a French pastellist. Charles Freycinet was educated at the
671:, and in 1890, the fourteenth member to occupy a seat in the
543:
45:
689:
519:
710:. He entered government service as a mining engineer (see
1112:– Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship
996:
succeeds Lepère as
Minister of the Interior and Worship.
1190:– Minister of the Colonies and of Commerce and Industry
863:, and in January 1893 resigned the Ministry of War.
714:). In 1858 he was appointed traffic manager to the
1923:
4296:
3000:
787:La Guerre en province pendant le siège de Paris
696:) of a Protestant family and was the nephew of
1392:Newspaper clippings about Charles de Freycinet
1202:– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
1042:– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
818:. He attempted to compromise by occupying the
2986:
1909:
1712:
1698:
748:, was appointed prefect of the department of
316:28 December 1879 – 23 September 1880
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1150:succeeds Baïhaut as Minister of Public Works
963:Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
870:cabinet, but resigned office on 6 May 1899.
785:
719:
420:13 December 1877 – 28 December 1879
1293:contributed under the pseudonym of Alceste"
873:
842:In April 1888 he became Minister of War in
814:was the death-knell of French influence in
366:28 December 1879 – 3 December 1886
70:1 November 1898 – 18 February 1899
2993:
2979:
1916:
1902:
1705:
1691:
481:30 January 1876 – 11 January 1920
228:7 January 1886 – 16 December 1886
31:
700:, a French navigator and the grandson of
185:17 March 1890 – 27 February 1892
4350:Politicians of the French Third Republic
1363:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1258:Principes de l'assainissement des villes
877:
273:30 January 1882 – 7 August 1882
1242:Des pentes économiques en chemin de fer
760:of the advantage temporarily gained at
599: 1858; died 1923)
117:3 April 1888 – 10 January 1893
4297:
1369:Freycinet, Charles Louis de Saulçes de
1250:Emploi des eaux d'égout en agriculture
982:– Minister of Agriculture and Commerce
736:started, which led to the fall of the
727:
2974:
1897:
1809:François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison
1777:George-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon
1686:
1331:
1274:Essai sur la philosophie des sciences
702:Élisabeth-Antoinette-Catherine Armand
651:
645:Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet
1136:– Minister of Commerce and Industry
716:Compagnie de chemins de fer du Midi
16:French statesman and Prime Minister
13:
1266:Traité d'assainissement industriel
1130:– Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
1060:– Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
976:– Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
837:
14:
4396:
4345:Members of the Académie Française
1385:
1184:– Minister of Justice and Worship
1106:– Minister of Marine and Colonies
1036:– Minister of Marine and Colonies
1030:– Minister of Justice and Worship
4360:Officers of the Legion of Honour
1351:
630:
1226:Traité de mécanique rationnelle
1218:
1154:
1070:
1000:
954:Minister of Marine and Colonies
896:
792:Jules Armand Stanislaus Dufaure
667:He was elected a member of the
596:
4385:Senators of Seine (department)
1479:Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire
1305:
754:General d'Aurelle de Paladines
683:
1:
1925:Heads of government of France
1298:
1166:– Minister of Foreign Affairs
38:
1817:Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy
1769:Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy
779:
678:
389:Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour
7:
4365:Prefects of Tarn-et-Garonne
3002:Foreign Ministers of France
1534:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1515:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1469:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1396:20th Century Press Archives
1234:De l'analyse infinitésimale
908:Minister of Foreign Affairs
464:Member of the French Senate
354:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
4401:
4370:Ministers of war of France
4305:École Polytechnique alumni
1214:– Minister of Public Works
1172:– Minister of the Interior
1124:– Minister of Public Works
1092:Marie François Sadi Carnot
1088:– Minister of the Interior
1054:– Minister of Public Works
1034:Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry
1018:– Minister of the Interior
970:– Minister of Public Works
950:Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry
913:Jean Joseph Frédéric Farre
832:Marie François Sadi Carnot
4355:Prime ministers of France
4330:Burials at Passy Cemetery
4149:
4091:
4066:
4028:
3670:
3592:
3514:
3421:
3348:
3325:
3302:
3269:
3216:
3008:
2945:
2792:
2674:
2639:
2601:
2158:
2138:
2115:
2072:
1984:
1931:
1745:Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux
1723:
1673:
1664:
1658:
1648:
1639:
1631:
1621:
1612:
1604:
1594:
1585:
1577:
1567:
1558:
1550:
1540:
1531:
1523:
1512:
1502:
1493:
1485:
1475:
1466:
1456:
1447:
1439:
1429:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1237:(1860, revised ed., 1881)
1208:– Minister of Agriculture
1118:– Minister of Agriculture
1048:– Minister of Agriculture
638:
626:
616:
606:
580:
553:
533:
506:
501:
497:
485:
474:
462:
450:
438:
424:
413:
406:
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266:
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199:
189:
178:
171:
159:
147:
121:
110:
98:
86:
74:
63:
56:
52:
30:
23:
4380:20th-century Protestants
4375:19th-century Protestants
4310:Mines Paris - PSL alumni
3715:Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire
2953:Chief minister of France
1793:François-Urbain Domergue
1615:Prime Minister of France
1581:François Auguste Logerot
1561:Prime Minister of France
1496:Prime Minister of France
1450:Prime Minister of France
1423:Minister of Public Works
926:Minister of the Interior
904:President of the Council
874:Prime Minister of France
801:William Henry Waddington
653:[ʃaʁldəfʁɛjsinɛ]
408:Minister of Public Works
173:Prime Minister of France
1374:Encyclopædia Britannica
1327:André Borel d'Hauterive
902:Charles de Freycinet –
586:Jeanne Alexandrine Bosc
1737:Claude Bazin de Bezons
1281:
1273:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1066:– Minister of Commerce
893:
786:
774:Charles Denis Bourbaki
720:
688:Freycinet was born at
2959:Deputy Prime Minister
1598:Julien Léon Loizillon
1178:– Minister of Finance
1100:– Minister of Justice
1094:– Minister of Finance
1024:– Minister of Finance
881:
1833:Charles de Freycinet
1801:Ange-François Fariau
1761:Marc-René d'Argenson
1282:La Question d'Égypte
1196:– Minister of Marine
1010:Jean-Baptiste Billot
738:Second French Empire
25:Charles de Freycinet
945:Minister of Justice
936:Minister of Finance
734:Franco-Prussian War
728:Franco-Prussian War
707:École Polytechnique
669:Academy of Sciences
662:Moderate Republican
611:École Polytechnique
4340:French Protestants
3662:La Tour d'Auvergne
3350:Second Restoration
1714:Académie française
1443:William Waddington
1408:Political offices
1146:4 November 1886 –
894:
698:Louis de Freycinet
673:Académie Française
572:League of Patriots
565:Union of the Lefts
434:William Waddington
335:William Waddington
4292:
4291:
4159:Couve de Murville
4141:Couve de Murville
3398:Montmorency-Laval
3304:First Restoration
2968:
2967:
2817:Couve de Murville
1891:
1890:
1785:Félix Vicq-d'Azyr
1681:
1680:
1674:Succeeded by
1667:Minister of State
1649:Succeeded by
1622:Succeeded by
1595:Succeeded by
1568:Succeeded by
1541:Succeeded by
1503:Succeeded by
1476:Succeeded by
1457:Succeeded by
1430:Succeeded by
1086:Ferdinand Sarrien
1082:– Minister of War
1080:Georges Boulanger
1012:– Minister of War
732:In July 1870 the
642:
641:
4392:
4335:People from Foix
3740:Challemel-Lacour
3642:La Tour Auvergne
2995:
2988:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2955:(pre-Revolution)
2769:Bourgès-Maunoury
2338:Waldeck-Rousseau
2142:National Defense
2130:Cousin-Montauban
2082:Dupont de l'Eure
1918:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1849:Louis de Broglie
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1659:Preceded by
1635:Charles Chanoine
1632:Preceded by
1605:Preceded by
1578:Preceded by
1551:Preceded by
1524:Preceded by
1486:Preceded by
1440:Preceded by
1413:Preceded by
1405:
1404:
1379:
1378:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1329:
1309:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1182:Armand Fallières
1046:François de Mahy
789:
756:resulted in the
723:
655:
650:
634:
600:
598:
576:
569:
562:
558:Republican Union
540:
517:14 November 1828
516:
514:
502:Personal details
488:
479:
453:
441:
427:
418:
397:
385:
373:
364:
343:
331:
314:
300:
288:
271:
257:
245:
226:
212:
202:
183:
166:Julien Loizillon
162:
154:François Logerot
150:
124:
115:
101:
93:Charles Chanoine
89:
77:
68:
43:
40:
35:
21:
20:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4315:Corps des mines
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4194:François-Poncet
4145:
4093:Fourth Republic
4087:
4069:
4062:
4024:
3666:
3622:Drouyn de Lhuys
3602:Drouyn de Lhuys
3588:
3584:Drouyn de Lhuys
3564:Drouyn de Lhuys
3544:Drouyn de Lhuys
3516:Second Republic
3510:
3417:
3363:A. E. Richelieu
3344:
3321:
3298:
3265:
3212:
3028:A. J. Richelieu
3004:
2999:
2969:
2964:
2941:
2788:
2676:Fourth Republic
2670:
2642:
2635:
2597:
2448:François-Marsal
2154:
2141:
2134:
2111:
2074:Second Republic
2068:
1980:
1927:
1922:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1645:
1642:Minister of War
1637:
1627:
1618:
1610:
1600:
1591:
1588:Minister of War
1583:
1573:
1564:
1556:
1546:
1537:
1529:
1518:
1508:
1506:Charles Duclerc
1499:
1491:
1481:
1472:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1435:
1426:
1418:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1367:, ed. (1911). "
1352:
1350:
1349:
1332:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1221:
1176:Maurice Rouvier
1170:Ernest Constans
1164:Alexandre Ribot
1157:
1148:Édouard Millaud
1122:Charles Baïhaut
1073:
1058:Adolphe Cochery
1028:Gustave Humbert
1003:
994:Ernest Constans
974:Adolphe Cochery
917:Minister of War
899:
876:
861:Panama scandals
856:Alexandre Ribot
844:Charles Floquet
840:
838:Minister of War
820:Isthmus of Suez
782:
750:Tarn-et-Garonne
730:
686:
681:
648:
602:
594:
590:
587:
574:
570:
567:
563:
560:
554:Political party
542:
538:
518:
512:
510:
486:
480:
475:
466:
451:
439:
433:
425:
419:
414:
395:
383:
377:
371:
365:
360:
341:
329:
315:
310:
304:Charles Duclerc
298:
286:
272:
267:
255:
243:
227:
222:
210:
200:
184:
179:
160:
148:
142:Alexandre Ribot
140:
136:
134:
130:
128:Charles Floquet
122:
116:
111:
99:
87:
75:
69:
64:
58:Minister of War
48:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
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4357:
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4337:
4332:
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4317:
4312:
4307:
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4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4151:Fifth Republic
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
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3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
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3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3780:Casimir-Perier
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3672:Third Republic
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
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3604:
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3596:
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3531:
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3520:
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3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3378:M. Montmorency
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3218:First Republic
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2794:Fifth Republic
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
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2701:
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2669:
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2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
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2500:
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2455:
2450:
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2410:
2405:
2400:
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2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
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2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2303:Casimir-Perier
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2160:Third Republic
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1865:François Furet
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1753:Jean d'Estrées
1749:
1741:
1733:
1729:Pierre Séguier
1724:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1652:Camille Krantz
1650:
1647:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1544:Émile Flourens
1542:
1539:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1464:
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1458:
1455:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1387:
1386:External links
1384:
1381:
1380:
1365:Chisholm, Hugh
1330:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1200:Léon Bourgeois
1197:
1194:Édouard Barbey
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1134:Édouard Locroy
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1104:Théophile Aube
1101:
1098:Charles Demôle
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
992:17 May 1880 –
989:
988:
984:
983:
977:
971:
965:
956:
947:
938:
929:
922:Charles Lepère
919:
910:
898:
895:
875:
872:
839:
836:
794:. He passed a
781:
778:
770:Armée de l'Est
729:
726:
685:
682:
680:
677:
658:Third Republic
640:
639:
636:
635:
628:
624:
623:
618:
614:
613:
608:
604:
603:
592:
588:
585:
584:
582:
578:
577:
555:
551:
550:
541:(aged 94)
535:
531:
530:
508:
504:
503:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
483:
482:
472:
471:
460:
459:
454:
448:
447:
442:
436:
435:
428:
426:Prime Minister
422:
421:
411:
410:
404:
403:
401:Émile Flourens
398:
392:
391:
386:
380:
379:
374:
372:Prime Minister
368:
367:
357:
356:
350:
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344:
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332:
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157:
156:
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145:
144:
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123:Prime Minister
119:
118:
108:
107:
105:Camille Krantz
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
76:Prime Minister
72:
71:
61:
60:
54:
53:
50:
49:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4397:
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4321:
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4308:
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4285:
4282:
4280:
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4260:
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4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
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4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Sauvagnargues
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
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4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Mendès France
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
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4021:
4018:
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4011:
4008:
4006:
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4001:
3998:
3996:
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3988:
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3594:Second Empire
3591:
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3447:
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3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3423:July Monarchy
3420:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:Chateaubriand
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
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3333:
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3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
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3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
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3262:
3259:
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3252:
3249:
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3151:
3149:
3148:L. Phélypeaux
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Saint-Contest
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
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868:Charles Dupuy
864:
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848:Pierre Tirard
845:
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824:Henri Brisson
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746:Léon Gambetta
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443:
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79:
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34:
29:
22:
19:
4254:Alliot-Marie
4244:Douste-Blazy
4030:Vichy France
3990:Paul-Boncour
3960:Paul-Boncour
3749:
3724:
3709:
3393:La Ferronays
3335:Caulaincourt
3327:Hundred Days
3294:Caulaincourt
3271:First Empire
3226:Lebrun-Tondu
3208:Sainte-Croix
2603:Vichy France
2518:Paul-Boncour
2282:
2257:
2232:
2217:
1857:Michel Debré
1841:Émile Picard
1832:
1825:Émile Augier
1665:
1640:
1625:Émile Loubet
1613:
1586:
1559:
1532:
1513:
1494:
1467:
1448:
1433:Henri Varroy
1421:
1372:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1292:
1289:Contemporain
1288:
1219:Publications
1155:4th Ministry
1128:Félix Granet
1071:3rd Ministry
1052:Henri Varroy
1001:2nd Ministry
968:Henri Varroy
897:1st Ministry
892:, April 1891
888:
865:
852:Émile Loubet
841:
828:
805:
796:great scheme
783:
742:Napoleon III
731:
715:
705:
687:
666:
644:
643:
539:(1923-05-14)
487:Succeeded by
476:
457:Henri Varroy
452:Succeeded by
415:
396:Succeeded by
361:
342:Succeeded by
311:
299:Succeeded by
268:
256:Succeeded by
223:
216:Émile Loubet
211:Succeeded by
180:
161:Succeeded by
138:Émile Loubet
112:
100:Succeeded by
65:
18:
4325:1923 deaths
4320:1828 births
4174:Bettencourt
4068:Provisional
3549:Tocqueville
3143:É. Choiseul
3138:C. Choiseul
3133:É. Choiseul
3043:Bouthillier
2641:Provisional
1933:Restoration
1873:René Rémond
1571:René Goblet
1527:Jules Ferry
1460:Jules Ferry
1188:Jules Roche
1110:René Goblet
1040:Jules Ferry
1016:René Goblet
959:Jules Ferry
941:Jules Cazot
928:and Worship
889:Vanity Fair
808:bombardment
684:Early years
575:(1894–1923)
568:(1885–1894)
561:(1871–1885)
537:14 May 1923
440:Preceded by
384:Preceded by
347:Jules Ferry
330:Preceded by
324:Jules Grévy
287:Preceded by
281:Jules Grévy
261:René Goblet
244:Preceded by
237:Jules Grévy
201:Preceded by
194:Sadi Carnot
149:Preceded by
88:Preceded by
42: 1880
37:Freycinet (
4299:Categories
4189:Guiringaud
4070:Government
3705:Waddington
3700:Banneville
3690:A. Broglie
3637:La Valette
3627:La Valette
3491:Montebello
3476:V. Broglie
3456:V. Broglie
3451:Sébastiani
3358:Talleyrand
3317:Talleyrand
3279:Talleyrand
3261:Talleyrand
3251:Talleyrand
3203:Dubouchage
2643:Government
2423:Clemenceau
2358:Clemenceau
2213:Waddington
2203:Rochebouët
1941:Talleyrand
1671:1915–1916
1646:1898–1899
1619:1890–1892
1592:1888–1893
1538:1885–1886
1473:1879–1880
1454:1879–1880
1427:1877–1879
1299:References
1291:: 'Pensées
1212:Yves Guyot
812:Alexandria
617:Profession
513:1828-11-14
3900:Millerand
3865:Doumergue
3855:Bourgeois
3850:Doumergue
3815:Bourgeois
3795:Bourgeois
3790:Berthelot
3750:Freycinet
3735:Fallières
3725:Freycinet
3710:Freycinet
3617:Thouvenel
3524:Lamartine
3413:Mortemart
3368:Dessolles
3284:Champagny
3246:Delacroix
3231:Deforgues
3198:Chambonas
3188:Dumouriez
3178:Montmorin
3168:Montmorin
3163:Vergennes
3153:Aiguillon
3113:Puisieulx
3093:Chauvelin
2961:(defunct)
2912:Cazeneuve
2867:Bérégovoy
2802:De Gaulle
2784:De Gaulle
2651:De Gaulle
2573:Chautemps
2543:Doumergue
2533:Chautemps
2488:Chautemps
2428:Millerand
2393:Doumergue
2318:Bourgeois
2283:Freycinet
2258:Freycinet
2243:Fallières
2233:Freycinet
2218:Freycinet
2092:Cavaignac
1971:Martignac
1961:Richelieu
1951:Dessolles
1946:Richelieu
780:1871-1888
762:Coulmiers
679:Biography
664:faction.
627:Signature
607:Education
477:In office
416:In office
362:In office
321:President
312:In office
278:President
269:In office
233:President
224:In office
190:President
181:In office
113:In office
66:In office
4284:Séjourné
4274:Le Drian
4249:Kouchner
4234:Villepin
4224:Charette
4199:Cheysson
4169:Schumann
4038:Baudouin
4020:Baudouin
4010:Daladier
4000:Daladier
3965:Daladier
3920:Lefebvre
3915:Poincaré
3870:Delcassé
3835:Poincaré
3805:Delcassé
3800:Hanotaux
3785:Hanotaux
3755:Flourens
3720:Gambetta
3652:Ollivier
3632:Moustier
3607:Walewski
3559:La Hitte
3554:Rayneval
3408:Polignac
3403:Portalis
3373:Pasquier
3312:Laforest
3256:Reinhard
3173:Vauguyon
3108:Argenson
3103:Noailles
3098:Chaillou
3088:Morville
3078:Huxelles
3063:Pomponne
3048:Chavigny
3023:Villeroy
2917:Philippe
2892:Villepin
2887:Raffarin
2872:Balladur
2812:Pompidou
2779:Pflimlin
2774:Gaillard
2724:Queuille
2714:Queuille
2704:Queuille
2684:Ramadier
2583:Daladier
2553:Bouisson
2538:Daladier
2523:Daladier
2473:Poincaré
2458:Painlevé
2443:Poincaré
2418:Painlevé
2378:Poincaré
2373:Caillaux
2228:Gambetta
2125:Ollivier
2102:Hautpoul
1999:Laffitte
1976:Polignac
1022:Léon Say
724:(1867).
621:Engineer
4279:Colonna
4269:Ayrault
4239:Barnier
4229:Védrine
4209:Raimond
4111:Bidault
4106:Schuman
4101:Bidault
4078:Bidault
4048:Flandin
4015:Reynaud
4005:Reynaud
3980:Flandin
3970:Barthou
3955:Herriot
3950:Tardieu
3935:Herriot
3925:Herriot
3905:Leygues
3890:Barthou
3875:Viviani
3860:Viviani
3840:Jonnart
3810:Rouvier
3775:Develle
3765:Spuller
3730:Duclerc
3695:Decazes
3685:Rémusat
3657:Gramont
3612:Baroche
3574:Baroche
3569:Brénier
3539:Bastide
3529:Bastide
3466:Bresson
3436:Jourdan
3289:Bassano
3193:Naillac
3183:Lessart
3123:Rouillé
3068:Croissy
3053:Brienne
3033:Sillery
2946:Related
2937:Barnier
2902:Ayrault
2862:Cresson
2827:Messmer
2709:Bidault
2699:Schuman
2689:Schuman
2661:Bidault
2621:Flandin
2588:Reynaud
2563:Sarraut
2548:Flandin
2528:Sarraut
2513:Herriot
2508:Tardieu
2493:Tardieu
2483:Tardieu
2468:Herriot
2453:Herriot
2433:Leygues
2403:Viviani
2388:Barthou
2353:Sarrien
2348:Rouvier
2328:Brisson
2273:Floquet
2268:Rouvier
2253:Brisson
2238:Duclerc
2208:Dufaure
2188:Dufaure
2168:Dufaure
2107:Faucher
2024:Mortier
1966:Villèle
1956:Decazes
1398:of the
1394:in the
1362::
1319:Gallica
1141:Changes
987:Changes
766:Orléans
712:X-Mines
649:French:
601:
593:
589:
376:Himself
135:Himself
4264:Fabius
4179:Jobert
4136:Pleven
4131:Pineau
4053:Darlan
3995:Bonnet
3985:Delbos
3940:Briand
3930:Briand
3910:Briand
3895:Pichon
3880:Briand
3845:Pichon
3830:Selves
3825:Cruppi
3820:Pichon
3760:Goblet
3579:Turgot
3534:Bedeau
3506:Guizot
3501:Thiers
3481:Thiers
3446:Maison
3431:Bignon
3340:Bignon
3241:Herman
3236:Goujon
3158:Bertin
3128:Bernis
3083:Dubois
3058:Lionne
2922:Castex
2897:Fillon
2882:Jospin
2857:Rocard
2852:Chirac
2847:Fabius
2842:Mauroy
2832:Chirac
2764:Mollet
2749:Laniel
2729:Pleven
2719:Pleven
2626:Darlan
2611:Pétain
2593:Pétain
2478:Briand
2463:Briand
2438:Briand
2408:Briand
2383:Briand
2363:Briand
2343:Combes
2323:Méline
2288:Loubet
2278:Tirard
2263:Goblet
2183:Buffet
2178:Cissey
2150:Trochu
2097:Barrot
2059:Guizot
2049:Thiers
2034:Thiers
2014:Gérard
2004:Perier
1883:(2008)
1875:(1998)
1867:(1997)
1859:(1988)
1851:(1944)
1843:(1924)
1835:(1890)
1827:(1857)
1819:(1835)
1811:(1811)
1803:(1810)
1795:(1803)
1787:(1788)
1779:(1753)
1771:(1721)
1763:(1718)
1755:(1711)
1747:(1684)
1739:(1643)
1731:(1635)
1717:seat 1
1356:
1285:(1905)
1277:(1896)
1269:(1870)
1261:(1870)
1253:(1869)
1245:(1861)
1229:(1858)
694:Ariège
581:Spouse
548:France
528:France
524:Ariège
4259:Juppé
4219:Juppé
4214:Dumas
4204:Dumas
4164:Debré
4126:Pinay
4121:Faure
4058:Laval
4043:Laval
3975:Laval
3945:Laval
3885:Ribot
3770:Ribot
3745:Ferry
3680:Favre
3496:Soult
3471:Rigny
3461:Rigny
3388:Damas
3073:Torcy
3018:Revol
2932:Attal
2927:Borne
2907:Valls
2877:Juppé
2837:Barre
2807:Debré
2759:Faure
2744:Mayer
2739:Pinay
2734:Faure
2694:Marie
2656:Gouin
2631:Laval
2616:Laval
2558:Laval
2503:Laval
2498:Steeg
2413:Ribot
2398:Ribot
2368:Monis
2333:Dupuy
2313:Ribot
2308:Dupuy
2298:Dupuy
2293:Ribot
2248:Ferry
2223:Ferry
2193:Simon
2087:Arago
2054:Soult
2044:Soult
2019:Maret
2009:Soult
1565:1886
1519:1882
1500:1882
816:Egypt
595:(
591:
544:Paris
469:Seine
46:Nadar
44:) by
4083:Blum
3647:Daru
3486:Molé
3441:Molé
2666:Blum
2578:Blum
2568:Blum
2064:Molé
2039:Molé
906:and
884:Guth
854:and
764:and
758:loss
690:Foix
534:Died
520:Foix
507:Born
467:for
1400:ZBW
1371:".
1325:),
886:in
810:of
772:of
740:of
4301::
1333:^
961:–
952:–
943:–
934:–
924:–
915:–
834:.
776:.
675:.
597:m.
546:,
526:,
522:,
39:c.
2994:e
2987:t
2980:v
1917:e
1910:t
1903:v
1706:e
1699:t
1692:v
1676:—
1661:—
692:(
647:(
515:)
511:(
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