629:
8919:
35:
2098:: "The origin and doctrine of Karma and Samsara are obscure. These concepts were certainly circulating amongst sramanas, and Jainism and Buddhism developed specific and sophisticated ideas about the process of transmigration. It is very possible that the karmas and reincarnation entered the mainstream brahmanical thought from the sramana or the renouncer traditions. Yet, on the other hand, although there is no clear doctrine of transmigration in the vedic hymns, there is the idea of redeath, that a person having died in this world, might die yet again in the next."
981:
942:. As the soul cycles, states Padmanabh Jaini, Jainism traditions believe that it goes through five types of bodies: earth bodies, water bodies, fire bodies, air bodies and vegetable lives. With all human and non-human activities, such as rainfall, agriculture, eating and even breathing, minuscule living beings are taking birth or dying, their souls are believed to be constantly changing bodies. Perturbing, harming or killing any life form, including any human being, is considered a sin in Jainism, with negative karmic effects.
10225:
8598:
864:
610:
11454:
8609:
10235:
10214:
6007:
5994:
8665:
5984:
10245:
8657:
10292:
1774:
1793:
2119:: "Yajnavalkya’s reluctance to discuss the doctrine of karma in public (...) can perhaps be explained by the assumption that it was, like that of the transmigration of Atman, of non-brahmanical origin. In view of the fact that this doctrine is emblazoned on almost every page of sramana scriptures, it is highly probable that it was derived from them."
2177:: "There was such constant interaction between Vedism and Buddhism in the early period that it is fruitless to attempt to sort out the earlier source of many doctrines, they lived in one another's pockets, like Picasso and Braque (who were, in later years, unable to say which of them had painted certain paintings from their earlier, shared period)."
391:
show a different soteriology based on reincarnation, they show little concern with ancestor rites, and they begin to philosophically interpret the earlier rituals, although the idea is not fully developed yet. It is in the early
Upanishads where these ideas are more fully developed, but there too the
208:
theory and refers to the belief that all living beings cyclically go through births and rebirths. The term is related to phrases such as "the cycle of successive existence", "transmigration", "karmic cycle", "the wheel of life", and "cyclicality of all life, matter, existence". Many scholarly texts
699:
impacts the future circumstances in this life, as well as the future forms and realms of lives. Good intent and actions lead to good future, bad intent and actions lead to bad future, in the Hindu view of life. The journey of samsara allows the atman the opportunity to perform positive or negative
354:
to judge and reward people with varying degrees of virtue or vices, in an "either or,” and disproportionate manner. They introduced the idea of an afterlife in heaven or hell in proportion to one's merit, and when this runs out, one returns and is reborn. This idea appears in ancient and medieval
3663:"the first features described as painful in the above DCPS quote are basic biological aspects of being alive, each of which can be traumatic. The dukkha of these is compounded by the rebirth perspective of Buddhism, for this involves repeated re-birth, re-aging, re-sickness, and re-death."
1092:
concept, in
Buddhism, envisions that these six realms are interconnected, and everyone cycles life after life, and death is just a state for an afterlife, through these realms, because of a combination of ignorance, desires and purposeful karma, or ethical and unethical actions.
2144:
could have been connected with the
Harappan Civilization which is itself enigmatic. It seems that some Upanishad thinkers like Yajnavalkya were acquainted with this kind thinking (...) and tried to incorporate these ideas of Karma, Samsara and Moksa into the traditional Vedic
2537:, p. 64; "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of ātman is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence.";
1041:
in
Buddhist thought, states Paul Williams, and "short of attaining enlightenment, in each rebirth one is born and dies, to be reborn elsewhere in accordance with the completely impersonal causal nature of one's own karma; This endless cycle of birth, rebirth, and redeath is
747:
discusses various paths to liberation. The
Upanishads, states Harold Coward, offer a "very optimistic view regarding the perfectibility of human nature", and the goal of human effort in these texts is a continuous journey to self-perfection and self-knowledge so as to end
953:. A male human being is considered closest to the apex with the potential to achieve liberation, particularly through asceticism. Women must gain karmic merit, to be reborn as man, and only then can they achieve spiritual liberation in Jainism, particularly in the
1812:
515:
as a beginningless cyclical process with each birth and death as punctuations in that process, and spiritual liberation as freedom from rebirth and redeath. The saṃsāric rebirth and redeath ideas are discussed in these religions with various terms, such as
595:
it calls bondage. The various sub-traditions of
Hinduism, and of Buddhism, accepted free will, avoided asceticism, accepted renunciation and monastic life, and developed their own ideas on liberation through realization of the true nature of existence.
349:
challenged this idea of afterlife as simplistic, because people do not live an equally moral or immoral life. Between generally virtuous lives, some are more virtuous; while evil too has degrees, and the texts assert that it would be unfair for god
965:
In contrast to
Buddhist texts which do not expressly or unambiguously condemn injuring or killing plants and minor life forms, Jaina texts do. Jainism considers it a bad karma to injure plants and minor life forms with negative impact on a soul's
510:
traditions (Buddhism and
Jainism) added novel ideas, starting about the 6th century BC. They emphasized human suffering in the larger context, placing rebirth, redeath and truth of pain at the center and the start of religious life. Sramanas view
1161:. Sikhism does not believe that ascetic life, as recommended in Jainism, is the path to liberation. Rather, it cherishes social engagement and householder's life combined with devotion to the One God as Guru, to be the path of liberation from
392:
discussion does not provide specific mechanistic details. The detailed doctrines flower with unique characteristics, starting around the mid 1st millennium BC, in diverse traditions such as in
Buddhism, Jainism and various schools of
957:
sect of
Jainism; however, this view has been historically debated within Jainism and different Jaina sects have expressed different views, particularly the Shvetambara sect that believes that women too can achieve liberation from
2526:, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013), Quote: "Anatta in Buddhism, the doctrine that there is in humans no permanent, underlying soul. The concept of anatta, or anatman, is a departure from the Hindu belief in atman (“the self”).";
1152:
Sikhism, like the three ancient Indian traditions, believes that body is perishable, that there is a cycle of rebirth, and that there is suffering with each cycle of rebirth. These features of Sikhism, along with its belief in
453:
Rebirth as a human being, states John Bowker, was then presented as a "rare opportunity to break the sequence of rebirth, thus attaining Moksha, release". Each Indian spiritual tradition developed its own assumptions and paths
387:, but the theory is absent. According to Sayers, the earliest layers of the Vedic literature show ancestor worship and rites such as sraddha (offering food to the ancestors). The later Vedic texts such as the Aranyakas and the
1085:), which were included in gods realm in earlier traditions. The "hungry ghost, heavenly, hellish realms" respectively formulate the ritual, literary and moral spheres of many contemporary Buddhist traditions.
711:
A virtuous life, actions consistent with dharma, are believed by Hindus to contribute to a better future, whether in this life or future lives. The aim of spiritual pursuits, whether it be through the path of
1132:
incorporated the cyclical concept of ancient Indian religions and the cyclical concept of time, state Cole and Sambhi. However, states Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, there are important differences between the
2335:
Gerhard Oberhammer (1994), La Délivrance dès cette vie: Jivanmukti, Collège de France, Publications de l'Institut de Civilisation Indienne. Série in-8°, Fasc. 61, Édition–Diffusion de Boccard (Paris),
420:), the chronological development of the idea over its history began with the questions on what is the true nature of human existence and whether people die only once. This led first to the concepts of
3702:"Buddhist doctrine holds that until they realize nirvana, beings are bound to undergo rebirth and redeath due to their having acted out of ignorance and desire, thereby producing the seeds of karma".
894:) is accepted as a truth, as is assumed in the Hindu traditions, but not assumed in the Buddhist traditions. However, saṃsāra or the cycle of rebirths, has a definite beginning and end in Jainism.
345:
The earliest layers of Vedic text incorporate the concept of life, followed by an afterlife in heaven and hell based on cumulative virtues (merit) or vices (demerit). However, the ancient Vedic
236:(संसृ), meaning "to go round, revolve, pass through a succession of states, to go towards or obtain, moving in a circuit". A nominal derivative formed from this root appears in ancient texts as
879:
and karma doctrine are central to its theological foundations, as evidenced by the extensive literature on it in the major sects of Jainism, and their pioneering ideas on karma and
2561:
240:, which means "going around through a succession of states, birth, rebirth of living beings and the world", without obstruction. Another nominal derivative from the same root is
1057:
theory, that evolved over time the mechanistic details on how the wheel of mundane existence works over the endless cycles of rebirth and redeath. In early Buddhist traditions,
752:. The aim of spiritual quest in the Upanishadic traditions is to find the true self within and to know one's Self, a state that it believes leads to blissful state of freedom,
693:
never reincarnates, it does not change and cannot change in the Hindu belief. In contrast, the body and personality, can change, constantly changes, is born and dies. Current
1833:
1272:
Bodewitz, Henk (2019). "Chapter 1 – The Hindu Doctrine of Transmigration: Its Origin and Background". In Heilijgers, Dory H.; Houben, Jan E. M.; van Kooij, Karel (eds.).
2571:
David Loy (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 23, Issue 1, pp. 65–74;
1141:
concept in many traditions within Hinduism. The difference is that Sikhism firmly believes in the grace of God as the means to salvation, and its precepts encourage the
1017:
in Buddhism, states Jeff Wilson, is the "suffering-laden cycle of life, death, and rebirth, without beginning or end". Also referred to as the wheel of existence (
248:, a circuit of living where one repeats previous states, from one body to another, a worldly life of constant change, that is rebirth, growth, decay and redeath.
890:
The conceptual framework of the saṃsāra doctrine differs between the Jainism traditions and other Indian religions. For instance, in Jaina traditions, soul (
338:
The word literally means "wandering through, flowing on", states Stephen J. Laumakis, in the sense of "aimless and directionless wandering". The concept of
548:
exists and asserted it to be the unchanging essence of each living being, while Buddhist traditions denied such a soul exists and developed the concept of
6748:
835:. In reality they are no dualities, meditation and self-knowledge is the path to liberation, the realization that one's Ātman is identical to Brahman is
2884:
7663:
6138:
681:, which is eternal reality, indestructible, and bliss. Everything and all existence is connected, cyclical, and composed of two things: the Self, or
291:. While the idea is mentioned in the Samhita layers of the Vedas, there is lack of clear exposition there, and the idea fully develops in the early
1101:, in Buddhism. However, the Buddhist texts developed a more comprehensive theory of rebirth, states Steven Collins, from fears of redeath, called
7667:
831:
premise, asserting that the individual Atman and Brahman are identical, and only ignorance, impulsiveness and inertia leads to suffering through
7891:
903:
901:. Some evolve to a higher state, while some regress, a movement that is driven by karma. Further, Jaina traditions believe that there exist
6108:
1050:, accepted by all Buddhist traditions, are aimed at ending this saṃsāra-related re-becoming (rebirth) and associated cycles of suffering.
86:
word that means "wandering" as well as "world," wherein the term connotes "cyclic change" or, less formally, "running around in circles."
5580:
4733:
1869:
2558:
6216:
396:. The evidence for who influenced whom in the ancient times, is slim and speculative, and the odds are the historic development of the
5951:
938:, but unlike Hindu and Buddhist theosophies, asserts that each soul passes through 8,400,000 birth-situations, as they circle through
5973:
897:
Souls begin their journey in a primordial state, and exist in a state of consciousness continuum that is constantly evolving through
5675:
11477:
10281:
8483:
7935:
4705:
2597:
2386:
11433:
8138:
6118:
628:
165:
has been at the core of the spiritual quest of Indian traditions, as well as their internal disagreements. The liberation from
2326:
Norman E. Thomas (April 1988), Liberation for Life: A Hindu Liberation Philosophy, Missiology, Volume 16, Number 2, pp. 149–60
915:
state of soul is entered after an intentional and shockingly evil act. Jainism considers souls as pluralistic each in a karma-
11482:
8646:
5940:
4671:
4646:
4621:
4588:
4529:
4508:
4487:
4466:
4426:
4407:
4386:
4365:
4323:
4302:
4281:
4260:
4237:
4216:
4195:
4174:
4153:
4103:
4072:
4045:
4018:
3991:
3964:
3937:
3910:
3880:
3846:
3819:
3792:
3762:
3735:
3691:
3653:
3569:
3496:
3466:
3445:
3376:
3346:
3283:
3163:
3055:
2983:
2956:
2917:
2806:
2762:
2731:
2704:
2643:
2499:
2414:
2287:
2166:
2054:
2027:
2000:
1973:
1946:
1715:
1665:
1521:
1464:
1383:
1345:
1303:
972:. However, some texts in Buddhism and Hinduism do caution a person from injuring all life forms, including plants and seeds.
428:("return"). These early theories asserted that the nature of human existence involves two realities, one unchanging absolute
11502:
11487:
11438:
6301:
6143:
2529:
Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press,
1480:
A.M. Boyer (1901), Etude sur l'origine de la doctrine du samsara, Journal Asiatique, Volume 9, Issue 18, pp. 451–53, 459–68
887:
in Jainism represents the worldly life characterized by continuous rebirths and suffering in various realms of existence.
379:, are obscure but, the idea appears in texts of both India and ancient Greece during the first millennium BC. The idea of
11497:
8478:
8375:
7925:
6020:
4548:
4445:
4344:
3542:
3403:
3232:
3121:
2579:
2534:
2340:
2091:
1592:
Yuvraj Krishan (1988), Is Karma Evolutionary?, Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, Volume 6, pp. 24–26
1416:
9310:
46:
11392:
6221:
3473:
Beiträge zur Geschichte von Vegetarismus und Rinderverehrung in Indien, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur
2826:
2133:
2112:
1902:
10142:
8468:
4292:
2519:
8153:
7898:
342:
is closely associated with the belief that the person continues to be born and reborn in various realms and forms.
5141:
583:
with the premise that there is no free will, while the Jainism tradition accepted the concept of soul (calling it
10130:
9661:
8545:
8535:
6364:
4726:
4567:
2468:
4781:
1157:
and the grace of God, are similar to some bhakti-oriented sub-traditions within Hinduism such as those found in
11387:
10248:
9959:
8490:
8143:
7945:
7836:
7781:
6354:
5073:
2317:
Klaus Klostermaier, Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan., 1985), pp. 61–71
2870:
813:, it is the grace of Vishnu which leads to moksha, and spiritual liberation is achievable only in after-life (
11356:
10088:
8460:
8158:
7841:
6133:
5966:
5775:
244:, referring to the same concept: a "passage through successive states of mundane existence", transmigration,
1684:
11423:
11138:
10818:
10274:
10137:
8043:
7915:
7886:
7588:
5875:
5474:
2352:
M. von Brück (1986), Imitation or Identification?, Indian Theological Studies, Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp. 95–105
1128:
in Sikh texts), karma and cyclical nature of time and existence. Founded in the 15th century, its founder
11219:
11178:
10152:
7734:
7643:
7113:
6758:
6271:
6166:
3034:
H Chaudhuri (1954), The Concept of Brahman in Hindu Philosophy, Philosophy East and West, 4(1), pp. 47–66
11272:
7278:
5354:
4699:
2975:
Religions of India: A User Friendly and Brief Introduction to Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and the Jains
1081:, heavenly). In latter traditions, this list grew to a list of six realms of rebirth, adding demi-gods (
11038:
10405:
10179:
9671:
9248:
8704:
8677:
8583:
8063:
7539:
7025:
6148:
5981:
5444:
5339:
4719:
772:
to be. The saṃsāra is viewed as the cycle of rebirth in a temporal world of always changing reality or
91:
50:
7473:
5299:
4688:
2662:
Loy, David (1982). "Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?".
330:, the latter referring to the "course of mundane existence, transmigration, flow, circuit or stream".
11133:
10507:
10199:
9125:
8639:
8473:
8286:
8276:
8148:
7131:
6711:
6472:
6447:
5620:
5206:
4776:
3488:
The Words of My Perfect Teacher: A Complete Translation of a Classic Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism
3428:, Studia Philologica Buddhica, The International Institute for Buddhist Studies, Tokyo Japan, pp. 6–7
1992:
The Words of My Perfect Teacher: A Complete Translation of a Classic Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism
1864:
924:
8778:
6497:
3076:
1001:
11072:
10695:
10400:
9993:
9651:
9575:
9281:
9063:
9038:
8578:
7930:
7744:
7722:
7715:
7618:
7151:
6771:
6587:
6532:
6153:
5959:
5260:
5243:
4840:
1061:
cosmology consisted of five realms through which wheel of existence recycled. This included hells (
1037:
is considered permanent in Buddhism, just like other Indian religions. Karma drives this permanent
312:
26:
10487:
8813:
5304:
854:
564:(universal reality), while in Buddhism it (nirvāṇa, nibbāna) was described through the concept of
442:). Redeath, in the Vedic theosophical speculations, reflected the end of "blissful years spent in
295:. Damien Keown states that the notion of "cyclic birth and death" appears around 800 BC. The word
11351:
10971:
10267:
9829:
9689:
9360:
8900:
8843:
8515:
8495:
7826:
7806:
7563:
7293:
6537:
5520:
5500:
5190:
4882:
450:
developed into a foundational theory of the nature of existence, shared by all Indian religions.
102:, and "cycle of aimless drifting, wandering or mundane existence". When related to the theory of
9724:
1707:
The Doctrine of Karma: Its Origin and Development in Brāhmaṇical, Buddhist, and Jaina Traditions
1513:
The Doctrine of Karma: Its Origin and Development in Brāhmaṇical, Buddhist, and Jaina Traditions
11492:
11050:
11008:
10953:
10172:
10125:
9335:
9058:
8525:
8365:
8033:
8003:
7776:
7727:
7568:
7516:
7511:
7273:
7094:
6991:
6743:
6738:
6487:
5800:
5765:
5201:
4926:
1631:
432:(Self) which is somehow connected to the ultimate unchanging immortal reality and bliss called
138:
8624:
6855:
5217:
3366:
2635:
2366:
1375:
11428:
11199:
11067:
10976:
10194:
10147:
10120:
10083:
9340:
8530:
8500:
8081:
8013:
7846:
7761:
7756:
7680:
7675:
7593:
6123:
4978:
3486:
3336:
2485:
1859:
360:
9656:
7146:
2754:
2696:
2607:
2542:
1657:
1097:
is typically described as the freedom from rebirth and the only alternative to suffering of
11413:
11377:
11163:
11158:
11128:
11113:
11093:
11062:
11033:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10078:
9555:
9048:
9033:
8685:
8632:
8553:
8520:
8505:
8023:
7920:
7866:
7751:
7690:
7658:
7653:
7638:
7623:
7613:
7578:
7491:
7183:
7106:
6409:
6349:
6098:
6065:
6015:
5364:
3611:
3421:
304:
196:: संसार) means "wandering", as well as "world" wherein the term connotes "cyclic change". S
10608:
8393:
7008:
6877:
6803:
6679:
6417:
5020:
739:, part of the scriptures of the Hindu traditions, primarily focus on self-liberation from
34:
8:
11418:
11297:
11260:
11234:
11173:
11123:
10683:
10551:
10217:
10184:
10063:
9954:
9889:
9739:
9598:
9478:
9350:
9178:
9115:
9068:
8360:
8239:
8073:
8048:
8038:
7998:
7975:
7858:
7831:
7791:
7710:
7700:
7628:
7555:
6986:
6843:
6624:
6602:
6554:
6374:
6174:
6030:
6010:
5710:
5650:
5424:
4998:
4922:
4756:
4663:
4638:
8867:
8727:
6334:
6261:
5585:
5319:
4845:
4249:
673:
541:
129:
themselves. It appears in developed form, but without mechanistic details, in the early
11408:
11382:
11255:
11098:
11028:
11023:
10658:
10653:
10019:
9978:
9270:
9083:
9028:
8423:
8328:
8170:
8133:
8128:
8058:
8008:
7955:
7950:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7801:
7786:
7771:
7766:
7705:
7685:
7648:
7573:
7378:
7079:
7003:
6881:
6823:
6664:
6564:
6492:
6467:
6113:
6043:
5224:
5035:
4865:
4477:
4271:
4130:
2628:
1370:
Buddhism After Patriarchy: A Feminist History, Analysis, and Reconstruction of Buddhism
1174:
634:
58:
9243:
9218:
8222:
5565:
5235:
5068:
2821:
Christopher Chapple (1986), Karma and creativity, State University of New York Press,
1549:
1547:
1545:
809:) are two different realities, loving devotion to Vishnu is the means to release from
11277:
11168:
11108:
11103:
11088:
11055:
11045:
10859:
10746:
10497:
10351:
10344:
10321:
10234:
10228:
10108:
10098:
9964:
9899:
9292:
9233:
9088:
9078:
8601:
8563:
8259:
8244:
8207:
8192:
7965:
7881:
7796:
7633:
7598:
7583:
7310:
7300:
6981:
6828:
6813:
6684:
6607:
6527:
6462:
6394:
6281:
6038:
5615:
5595:
5550:
5419:
5196:
5172:
5165:
4742:
4667:
4642:
4617:
4584:
4563:
4544:
4525:
4504:
4483:
4462:
4441:
4422:
4403:
4382:
4361:
4340:
4334:
4319:
4298:
4277:
4256:
4233:
4212:
4191:
4170:
4149:
4099:
4068:
4041:
4014:
3987:
3960:
3933:
3906:
3876:
3842:
3815:
3788:
3758:
3731:
3687:
3649:
3623:
3565:
3538:
3534:
3492:
3462:
3441:
3399:
3372:
3342:
3279:
3228:
3159:
3117:
3051:
2979:
2952:
2913:
2822:
2802:
2758:
2727:
2700:
2639:
2575:
2530:
2495:
2464:
2410:
2336:
2283:
2162:
2129:
2108:
2087:
2050:
2023:
1996:
1969:
1942:
1898:
1890:
1711:
1661:
1517:
1460:
1412:
1379:
1368:
1341:
1309:
1299:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1047:
497:
355:
texts, as the cycle of life, death, rebirth and redeath, such as section 6:31 of the
10422:
9699:
8749:
7545:
6339:
6239:
5880:
4915:
4187:
The Perfectibility of Human Nature in Eastern and Western Thought: The Central Story
2948:
Oriental Thought: An Introduction to the Philosophical and Religious Thought of Asia
2594:
2383:
2107:
Padmanabh S. Jaini 2001 "Collected Paper on Buddhist Studies" Motilal Banarsidass,
1408:
782:(eternal truth, reality), and moksha as the realization of Brahman and freedom from
66:
11315:
11287:
11194:
11118:
11013:
11000:
10945:
10910:
10753:
10648:
10599:
10589:
10482:
10471:
10456:
10446:
10437:
10395:
10383:
9969:
9879:
9770:
9370:
9365:
9330:
9305:
9191:
9148:
8835:
8695:
8249:
8202:
8197:
8053:
8018:
7993:
7988:
7739:
7695:
7608:
7283:
6939:
6932:
6716:
6706:
6592:
6256:
6128:
5820:
5454:
5389:
5177:
5111:
5040:
4821:
4813:
4122:
3530:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2671:
2128:
Govind Chandra Pande, (1994) Life and Thought of Sankaracarya, Motilal Banarsidass
1542:
1404:
1289:
1285:
980:
858:
557:
429:
393:
316:
201:
146:
114:
113:
The "cyclicity of all life, matter, and existence" is a fundamental belief of most
9153:
7328:
5399:
4519:
2748:
2690:
2233:
2156:
1651:
1201:
11458:
11309:
11239:
11214:
10920:
10915:
10900:
10880:
10718:
10710:
10636:
10571:
10331:
10238:
10103:
10056:
10038:
9988:
9922:
9904:
9847:
9797:
9616:
9520:
9393:
9355:
9325:
9163:
9053:
8892:
8885:
8732:
8613:
8558:
8510:
8438:
8308:
8106:
8086:
8028:
7940:
7603:
7501:
7348:
7084:
7067:
7052:
7030:
6582:
6452:
6286:
6266:
5770:
5640:
5515:
5414:
5090:
5008:
4983:
4905:
4657:
4632:
4611:
4578:
4498:
4456:
4397:
4376:
4355:
4313:
4227:
4206:
4185:
4164:
4143:
4093:
4062:
4035:
4008:
3981:
3954:
3927:
3900:
3870:
3836:
3809:
3782:
3752:
3725:
3681:
3643:
3559:
3393:
3273:
3222:
3153:
3111:
3045:
2973:
2946:
2907:
2796:
2721:
2601:
2565:
2523:
2458:
2404:
2390:
2277:
2073:
The way to Nirvana: six lectures on ancient Buddhism as a discipline of salvation
2071:
2044:
2017:
1990:
1963:
1936:
1892:
1816:
1797:
1778:
1705:
1690:
The way to Nirvana: six lectures on ancient Buddhism as a discipline of salvation
1688:
1511:
1335:
920:
824:
774:
768:, but they differ in details and what they describe the state of liberation from
438:
436:, and that the rest is the always-changing subject (body) in a phenomenal world (
308:
62:
8818:
7358:
6512:
6502:
5860:
4931:
2771:
2086:
Gavin D. Flood (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press,
1771:
569:
11331:
11229:
11204:
11018:
10935:
10905:
10839:
10773:
10741:
10728:
10723:
10668:
10534:
10529:
10388:
10373:
10303:
10073:
10009:
9852:
9196:
9073:
9043:
8878:
8568:
8271:
8121:
7903:
7483:
7463:
7383:
7072:
7062:
6996:
6833:
6319:
6182:
5845:
5795:
5785:
5434:
5329:
5211:
5154:
5124:
4993:
4766:
4693:
3457:
Christopher Chapple (1990), Ecological Nonviolence and the Hindu Tradition, in
794:
779:
245:
22:
10768:
5015:
4946:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1790:
1294:
11471:
11372:
11224:
11209:
10875:
10641:
10189:
10093:
9872:
9646:
9384:
9275:
9186:
9120:
8338:
8187:
7496:
7398:
7256:
7057:
7035:
6971:
6642:
6437:
6432:
6324:
5993:
5294:
5267:
5130:
5117:
5104:
5058:
5003:
1313:
1179:
744:
372:
107:
54:
10758:
6796:
6786:
6158:
4872:
3064:
949:, is at the apex, is omniscient, remains there eternally, and is known as a
65:, the god of death, is at the top of the outer rim. The outer rim shows the
11292:
11282:
10890:
10801:
10796:
10783:
10733:
10700:
10663:
10366:
10356:
9744:
9709:
9606:
9223:
8428:
8413:
8383:
8333:
8323:
8165:
7960:
7453:
7288:
7166:
6954:
6949:
6776:
6647:
6522:
5983:
5840:
5740:
5725:
5459:
5289:
5097:
5030:
4910:
4890:
4771:
3727:
Haunting the Buddha: Indian Popular Religions and the Formation of Buddhism
3016:
2547:
2371:
2361:
1911:
1184:
820:
790:
10472:
7211:
7196:
7156:
6853:
6517:
6093:
4860:
3368:
Religions in Focus: New Approaches to Tradition and Contemporary Practices
967:
778:(appearance, illusive), Brahman is defined as that which never changes or
11321:
10895:
10763:
10594:
10579:
10561:
10541:
10524:
10378:
10311:
10051:
9884:
9812:
9802:
9714:
9704:
9679:
9320:
9315:
9206:
9000:
8984:
8927:
8862:
8798:
8398:
8227:
7368:
7353:
7136:
6944:
6872:
6652:
6482:
6384:
6231:
6103:
5920:
5810:
5790:
5560:
5384:
5344:
5334:
5136:
4951:
4835:
4607:
4576:
3617:
2516:
2257:
1430:
1158:
815:
529:
470:
446:
or heaven", and it was followed by rebirth back in the phenomenal world.
413:
376:
356:
99:
38:
8388:
6848:
5755:
2675:
2402:
2204:
1403:, Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, Springer Netherlands, pp. 1–3,
536:
theories evolved in respective Indian traditions. For example, in their
11326:
11302:
10963:
10811:
10678:
10673:
10631:
10492:
10412:
9949:
9917:
9862:
9719:
9428:
9265:
9238:
9020:
8793:
8343:
8301:
8177:
7983:
7908:
7522:
7506:
7468:
7448:
7343:
7318:
7226:
7161:
7141:
6887:
6818:
6689:
6572:
6542:
6477:
6427:
6085:
6075:
6048:
5870:
5850:
5760:
5715:
5690:
5630:
5625:
5575:
5495:
5469:
5404:
5230:
5183:
4988:
4936:
4134:
3437:
2875:
2483:
1530:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1129:
1009:
1005:
989:
928:
863:
841:
736:
588:
464:
388:
292:
193:
130:
79:
10925:
10259:
7363:
6359:
5160:
4294:
Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism
2905:
11267:
10930:
10885:
10854:
10806:
10791:
10546:
10516:
10339:
10316:
10068:
9857:
9807:
9780:
9729:
9694:
9684:
9636:
9535:
9503:
9448:
9345:
9300:
8974:
8318:
8291:
7458:
7333:
7045:
6961:
6838:
6728:
6701:
6694:
6657:
6614:
6577:
6344:
6309:
6276:
6251:
6206:
5895:
5730:
5555:
5530:
5449:
5409:
5394:
5349:
5147:
4941:
1025:(rebirth, re-becoming); the liberation from this cycle of existence,
954:
556:, mukti) in the Hindu traditions was described using the concepts of
468:(liberation and freedom in this life), while the others content with
8091:
6927:
6781:
6547:
6329:
6198:
6190:
4895:
4711:
4126:
3004:
2926:
2688:
2559:
Is The Buddhist ‘No-Self’ Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?
1731:
1729:
1727:
1483:
11453:
11341:
11336:
10849:
10823:
10556:
10113:
9932:
9927:
9817:
9754:
9734:
9565:
9401:
9228:
9201:
9168:
9110:
9010:
9005:
8979:
8904:
8788:
8660:
8608:
8448:
8403:
8348:
8313:
8217:
7876:
7443:
7438:
7388:
7323:
7241:
7206:
7201:
6862:
6733:
6721:
6632:
6291:
5988:
5890:
5780:
5720:
5670:
5665:
5510:
5505:
5464:
5429:
5379:
5314:
5309:
5063:
4900:
4208:
Religious Understandings of a Good Death in Hospice Palliative Care
3705:
2141:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1242:
1240:
867:
Symbolic depiction of saṃsāra at Shri Mahaveerji temple of Jainism.
828:
798:
664:
178:
158:
83:
8942:
7433:
7423:
7408:
7231:
7101:
6369:
5900:
4162:
3629:
2689:
Padmanabh S Jaini, George L Jart III (1980). Wendy Doniger (ed.).
1891:
James Hastings; John Alexander Selbie; Louis Herbert Gray (1922).
609:
10690:
10466:
10461:
10432:
10295:
10014:
9867:
9785:
9775:
9550:
9540:
9513:
9508:
9498:
9453:
9438:
9433:
9213:
9158:
9143:
9135:
9102:
8969:
8872:
8847:
8823:
8722:
8712:
8353:
8296:
8281:
7428:
7418:
7393:
7268:
7263:
7221:
7191:
7123:
7089:
6976:
6917:
6912:
6766:
6669:
6507:
6457:
6244:
6070:
5910:
5905:
5885:
5825:
5815:
5805:
5745:
5695:
5685:
5610:
5600:
5590:
5535:
5369:
5249:
4973:
4850:
4825:
4761:
4374:
2782:
2460:
Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition
2440:
2438:
2275:
1839:
1724:
1553:
1216:
1117:
1027:
985:
935:
872:
806:
576:
561:
507:
433:
384:
288:
284:
174:
142:
8808:
8664:
7040:
6808:
5635:
3440:(1999), Animals and Nature: Cultural Myths, Cultural Realities,
2832:
2301:
2299:
1595:
1450:
Journal Asiatique, (1901), Volume 9, Issue 18, S. 451–53, 459–68
1237:
1031:, is the foundation and the most important purpose of Buddhism.
462:) for this spiritual release, with some developing the ideas of
272:, which refers to liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
11346:
10844:
10584:
10451:
10417:
10046:
10024:
9837:
9790:
9749:
9631:
9621:
9560:
9468:
9411:
9406:
9260:
8947:
8783:
8769:
8754:
8654:
8433:
8418:
8254:
8116:
8096:
7871:
7533:
7413:
7403:
7338:
6966:
6922:
6907:
6897:
6867:
6791:
6674:
6442:
6314:
6058:
6053:
5915:
5865:
5855:
5750:
5735:
5655:
5645:
5605:
5545:
5540:
5525:
5490:
5439:
5359:
5025:
4855:
4796:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2042:
1809:
1281:
1277:
1142:
908:
802:
713:
705:
686:
653:
615:
565:
553:
300:
253:
170:
3561:
Buddhist Thought in India: Three Phases of Buddhist Philosophy
2944:
2435:
2245:
2192:
287:
layers such as in sections 1.164, 4.55, 6.70 and 10.14 of the
10981:
10958:
10427:
9942:
9937:
9641:
9611:
9545:
9525:
9463:
9443:
9416:
9255:
8957:
8857:
8803:
8759:
8737:
8573:
8408:
8266:
8232:
8212:
8182:
8111:
7528:
7373:
7251:
7246:
7216:
7171:
7018:
7013:
6892:
6597:
6422:
6389:
6379:
5930:
5925:
5835:
5705:
5660:
5570:
5374:
5324:
5273:
5254:
4830:
4791:
4438:
The Meaning of Life, translated and edited by Jeffrey Hopkins
4060:
3979:
2296:
721:
717:
701:
695:
400:
theories likely happened in parallel with mutual influences.
346:
280:
205:
154:
126:
122:
103:
95:
10291:
3814:. Southern Illinois University Press. pp. viii, 57–59.
2992:
2216:
1741:
1571:
540:
theories, states Obeyesekere, the Hindu traditions accepted
485:
The first truth, suffering (Pali: dukkha; Sanskrit: duhkha),
9983:
9912:
9894:
9842:
9626:
9570:
9530:
9490:
9473:
9458:
9423:
8852:
8764:
8443:
7236:
6902:
6399:
5935:
5700:
5680:
4786:
3898:
2574:
KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge,
2423:
1834:
A concordance to the Principal Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita
1753:
1559:
1227:
1225:
725:
704:
throughout each birth and make spiritual efforts to attain
417:
351:
4311:
3599:
2456:
2239:
2210:
1922:
1683:
1105:(death-free), a state which is considered synonymous with
759:
8656:
8101:
6637:
3484:
2880:
2180:
1988:
1337:
Dying, Death and Bereavement in a British Hindu Community
1021:), it is often mentioned in Buddhist texts with the term
4091:
3925:
3868:
3811:
Breaking the Circle: Death and the Afterlife in Buddhism
3316:
3304:
3292:
2263:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1222:
8717:
3618:
Paul Williams, Anthony Tribe & Alexander Wynne 2012
3199:
3177:
3175:
3130:
3088:
2161:. University of California Press. pp. xvii–xviii.
945:
A liberated soul in Jainism is one who has gone beyond
907:(incapable), or a class of souls that can never attain
839:, and spiritual liberation is achievable in this life (
801:
premise, assert the individual human Self and Brahman (
487:
is characteristic of existence in the realm of rebirth,
4577:
Paul Williams; Anthony Tribe; Alexander Wynne (2012).
4037:
Religious Movements and Institutions in Medieval India
3587:
1629:
591:
and cessation of action as a means of liberation from
4479:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z
2719:
2625:
1614:
21:"Sansara" redirects here. For the genus of moth, see
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3253:
3241:
3187:
3172:
2269:
2015:
8918:
4616:(Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge.
4539:Obeyesekere, Gananath (2005). Wendy Doniger (ed.).
4518:Obeyesekere, Gananath (1980). Wendy Doniger (ed.).
4454:
4113:Buitenen, J. A. B. Van (1957). "Dharma and Moksa".
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
2909:
The Bloomsbury Companion to New Religious Movements
2613:
2403:Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013).
1858:Goa, David J.; Coward, Harold G. (21 August 2014).
1845:
1735:
1494:
412:
is usually described as rebirth and reincarnation (
4416:
4290:
4269:
4248:
3875:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 145–46, 181, 220.
3776:
3774:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3448:, University of British Columbia Press, pp. 212–17
3271:
3085:, pp. 238–40, 243–45, 249–50, 261–63, 279–84.
3082:
3070:
3022:
2932:
2838:
2627:
2484:Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921).
1961:
1679:
1677:
1645:
1643:
1608:
1367:
1246:
3757:. Kōsei Publishing 佼成出版社, Tokyo. pp. 68–70.
3505:
3417:
3415:
3216:
3214:
2906:George D. Chryssides; Benjamin E. Zeller (2014).
2798:Devotional Hinduism: Creating Impressions for God
2746:
2490:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 94–95, Entry for
1505:
1503:
11469:
4521:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions
4357:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions
3894:
3892:
3855:
3834:
3147:
3145:
2750:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions
2692:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions
2158:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions
1653:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions
1459:Yuvraj Krishan: . Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1997,
883:from the earliest times of the Jaina tradition.
4354:Jaini, Padmanabh (1980). Doniger, Wendy (ed.).
3771:
3723:
3666:
3642:Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.).
3050:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 24–25, 160–66.
2747:George L Jart III (1980). Wendy Doniger (ed.).
2409:. Princeton University Press. pp. 304–05.
1851:
1674:
1640:
1374:. State University of New York Press. pp.
1361:
1359:
1357:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
3986:. Oxford University Press. pp. 231, 607.
3807:
3780:
3750:
3630:Robert Buswell Jr. & Donald Lopez Jr. 2013
3412:
3360:
3358:
3334:
3211:
2657:
2655:
2046:Encyclopedia of Death and the Human Experience
1703:
1697:
1588:
1586:
1509:
1500:
1448:Etude sur l'origine de la doctrine du samsara.
728:(meditation) is self-liberation (moksha) from
657:, is considered the ultimate goal in Hinduism.
383:is hinted in the late Vedic texts such as the
10275:
8640:
5967:
4727:
4496:
4246:
4204:
4183:
4163:Robert Buswell Jr.; Donald Lopez Jr. (2013).
4006:
3902:Sikhism and Christianity: A Comparative Study
3889:
3679:
3584:of Buddhism, and its ultimate justification."
3551:
3364:
3142:
3010:
2998:
2783:Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof 2011
2508:
2444:
2429:
2251:
2198:
2154:
2076:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 24–25.
2069:
1934:
1693:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 24–29.
1649:
1577:
1565:
1554:Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof 2011
1399:Yadav, Garima (2018), "Abortion (Hinduism)",
1365:
1333:
1217:Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof 2011
90:is referred to with terms or phrases such as
6749:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
4395:
4375:Mark Juergensmeyer; Wade Clark Roof (2011).
4067:. Oxford University Press. pp. 230–31.
4040:. Oxford University Press. pp. 394–95.
4033:
3952:
3730:. Oxford University Press. pp. 94–103.
3641:
3557:
3105:
3103:
3043:
2951:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 15–17.
2864:
2862:
2590:
2588:
2276:Robert S. Ellwood; Gregory D. Alles (2007).
2080:
1759:
1636:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1040–41.
1354:
1320:
1274:Vedic Cosmology and Ethics: Selected Studies
1252:
789:The dualistic devotional traditions such as
184:
4696:, C. George Boeree, Shippensburg University
4538:
4517:
4141:
4013:. Georgetown University Press. p. 40.
3686:. Oxford University Press. pp. 62–63.
3524:
3391:
3355:
3220:
3151:
3109:
2971:
2753:. University of California Press. pp.
2695:. University of California Press. pp.
2652:
2305:
2227:
1656:. University of California Press. pp.
1583:
1536:
1340:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 106, 29–43.
1276:. Gonda Indological Studies. Vol. 19.
333:
10282:
10268:
8647:
8633:
5974:
5960:
4734:
4720:
4700:The difference between Samsara and Nirvana
4475:
4435:
3787:. Cambridge University Press. p. 38.
3754:Buddhist Cosmology: Philosophy and Origins
3711:
2794:
2043:Clifton D. Bryant; Dennis L. Peck (2009).
1938:Yama, the Glorious Lord of the Other World
1710:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 11–15.
1516:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 17–27.
1476:
1474:
1472:
1231:
764:All Hindu traditions share the concept of
16:Cyclicality of all life, matter, existence
4541:Karma and Rebirth: A Cross Cultural Study
3648:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 26–44.
3100:
2945:Yong Choon Kim; David H. Freeman (1981).
2859:
2616:, pp. 68–70, 125–28, 149–53, 168–76.
2585:
1857:
1293:
1053:Like Jainism, Buddhism developed its own
371:The historical origins of the concept of
4557:
4315:The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies
4112:
4061:Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014).
3980:Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014).
3841:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 103–06.
3605:
3278:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 130–31.
2463:. Routledge. pp. 18–19, chapter 1.
2282:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 406–07.
2186:
1271:
979:
862:
489:called samsara (literally “wandering”).
474:(liberation and freedom in after-life).
33:
10289:
7936:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
4095:Hermeneutical Essays on Vedāntic Topics
3158:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 30–31.
2634:. University of Hawaii Press. pp.
2393:, Donald Lopez, Encyclopædia Britannica
2019:Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma
1772:Katha Upanishad प्रथमोध्यायः/तृतीयवल्ली
1469:
819:). The nondualistic traditions such as
760:Differences within the Hindu traditions
520:in many early Pali Suttas of Buddhism.
403:
11470:
8139:List of Buddhist architecture in China
4655:
4606:
4458:An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy
4421:. State University of New York Press.
4332:
4211:. State University of New York Press.
4190:. State University of New York Press.
3899:W.O. Cole; Piara Singh Sambhi (2016).
3838:Rationality and Mind in Early Buddhism
3593:
2850:
2384:Four Noble Truths, Buddhist philosophy
2240:Jessica Frazier & Gavin Flood 2011
2211:Jessica Frazier & Gavin Flood 2011
2049:. SAGE Publications. pp. 841–46.
1923:Jessica Frazier & Gavin Flood 2011
1897:. T. & T. Clark. pp. 616–18.
1791:Shvetashvatara Upanishad षष्ठः अध्यायः
528:Across different religions, different
10263:
8628:
5955:
4741:
4715:
4702:, Minnesota State University, Mankato
4630:
4353:
4312:Jessica Frazier; Gavin Flood (2011).
4225:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3259:
3247:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3136:
3116:. Routledge. pp. 14–16, 102–05.
3094:
2868:
2664:International Philosophical Quarterly
2457:Paul Williams; Anthony Tribe (2000).
1965:The Penguin Swami Chinmyananda Reader
1872:from the original on 27 February 2014
1747:
1398:
523:
125:; the theory is not discussed in the
4166:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
3932:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 176.
3784:Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative
3485:Patrul Rinpoche; Dalai Lama (1998).
2912:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 333.
2855:. SAGE Publications. pp. 22–24.
2582:, pp. 246–49, from note 385 onwards;
2406:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
1989:Patrul Rinpoche; Dalai Lama (1998).
10244:
4689:Reincarnation: A Simple Explanation
4419:A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition
4064:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
3983:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
3491:. Rowman Altamira. pp. 61–99.
3047:The Essentials of Indian Philosophy
2726:. Fortress Press. pp. 245–46.
2661:
2279:The Encyclopedia of World Religions
1995:. Rowman Altamira. pp. 95–96.
1894:Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics
145:, as well as in various schools of
13:
7926:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
4599:
4524:. University of California Press.
4360:. University of California Press.
3959:. Hemkunt Press. pp. 68, 80.
3929:Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed
3872:Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed
3645:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy
3475:, F. Steiner Wiesbaden, pp. 592–93
2887:from the original on 11 April 2014
934:The Jaina theosophy, like ancient
14:
11514:
4708:, Buddhism, Oxford Bibliographies
4682:
4634:Collected Papers On Jaina Studies
4631:Jaini, Padmanabh S., ed. (2000).
4092:John Geeverghese Arapura (1986).
3926:Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013).
3869:Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013).
3275:Collected Papers on Jaina Studies
1968:. Penguin Books. pp. 84–90.
1836:, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 947–48
1819:Wikisource, Quote: ३ चित्तमेव हि
919:cycle, and does not subscribe to
827:tradition of Hinduism champion a
797:tradition of Hinduism champion a
587:) with free will, but emphasized
11452:
10290:
10243:
10233:
10224:
10223:
10212:
8917:
8663:
8655:
8607:
8597:
8596:
8154:Thai temple art and architecture
7899:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
6139:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
6005:
5992:
5982:
4054:
4027:
4010:Religion: The Classical Theories
4000:
3973:
3946:
3919:
3828:
3801:
3744:
3717:
3635:
3527:Saṃsāra and Rebirth, in Buddhism
3478:
3451:
3431:
3385:
3328:
3265:
2630:Buddhism and Interfaith Dialogue
2626:Masao Abe; Steven Heine (1995).
2367:The philosophy of the Upanishads
627:
608:
224:is derived from the verbal root
11478:Buddhist philosophical concepts
10213:
6006:
4500:Brahman: A Comparative Theology
4378:Encyclopedia of Global Religion
4273:Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices
4229:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
3683:Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide
3341:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 36–37.
3037:
3028:
2965:
2938:
2899:
2869:Flood, Gavin (24 August 2009).
2853:Moksha and the Hindu World View
2844:
2815:
2788:
2740:
2723:Introduction to World Religions
2713:
2682:
2619:
2477:
2450:
2396:
2377:
2355:
2346:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2148:
2122:
2101:
2063:
2036:
2009:
1982:
1955:
1928:
1884:
1826:
1803:
1784:
1765:
1630:Monier Monier-Williams (1923).
1453:
1409:10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_484-1
283:times, and is traceable in the
200:, a fundamental concept in all
45:: illustrated in the wheel are
11388:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
10138:Relations with other religions
8144:Japanese Buddhist architecture
7946:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
7026:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
6217:Places where the Buddha stayed
5074:Progressive utilization theory
4461:. Cambridge University Press.
4169:. Princeton University Press.
4145:God: A Very Short Introduction
3535:10.1093/obo/9780195393521-0141
3371:. Routledge. pp. 182–83.
3227:. Routledge. pp. 104–05.
2720:Christopher Partridge (2013).
2022:. McFarland. pp. 102–03.
1440:
1424:
1392:
975:
931:style nondualism of Buddhism.
599:
307:such as in verse 1.3.7 of the
220:According to Monier-Williams,
1:
8159:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
3398:. Routledge. pp. 55–59.
3155:Ahimsā, Anekānta, and Jainism
2978:. iUniverse. pp. 17–19.
2264:John Geeverghese Arapura 1986
2016:Norman C. McClelland (2010).
1633:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
1401:Hinduism and Tribal Religions
1190:
1120:incorporates the concepts of
1112:
848:
315:, verses 1.4 and 6.34 of the
252:is understood as opposite of
133:. The full exposition of the
106:it is the cycle of death and
11483:Hindu philosophical concepts
7916:Buddhism and the Roman world
7892:Decline of Buddhism in India
7887:History of Buddhism in India
5987: Topics in
4659:Ahiṃsā, Anekānta and Jainism
4455:Stephen J. Laumakis (2008).
4251:The encyclopedia of religion
3905:. Springer. pp. 13–14.
1941:. Penguin. pp. 213–15.
1539:, pp. 1–2, 108, 126–28.
1437:, Cambridge University Press
1195:
1137:concept in Sikhism from the
677:. The body dies but not the
92:transmigration/reincarnation
7:
11503:Sikh philosophical concepts
11488:Jain philosophical concepts
10473:
7114:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
6854:
4417:Klaus Klostermaier (2010).
4402:. Oxford University Press.
4339:. Oxford University Press.
4291:Jeaneane D. Fowler (2002).
4270:Jeaneane D. Fowler (1997).
4148:. Oxford University Press.
3956:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism
3529:. Oxford University Press.
3459:Perspectives on Nonviolence
3272:Padmanabh S. Jaini (2000).
1962:Anita Raina Thapan (2006).
1435:An Introduction to Hinduism
1168:
968:
689:. This eternal Self called
10:
11519:
11498:Sanskrit words and phrases
8064:The unanswerable questions
4476:Lochtefeld, James (2002).
4084:
3073:, pp. 340–47, 373–75.
2540:Edward Roer (Translator),
1685:Louis de La Vallée-Poussin
999:
852:
366:
161:, and the liberation from
20:
11449:
11401:
11365:
11248:
11187:
11151:
11081:
10999:
10992:
10944:
10868:
10832:
10782:
10709:
10624:
10570:
10515:
10506:
10330:
10302:
10210:
10037:
10002:
9828:
9763:
9670:
9597:
9590:
9489:
9392:
9383:
9291:
9177:
9134:
9101:
9019:
8993:
8965:
8956:
8935:
8926:
8915:
8834:
8703:
8694:
8673:
8592:
8544:
8459:
8374:
8149:Buddhist temples in Korea
8072:
7974:
7857:
7554:
7482:
7309:
7182:
7122:
6757:
6712:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
6623:
6615:Three planes of existence
6563:
6408:
6300:
6230:
6222:Buddha in world religions
6084:
6029:
6001:
5483:
5282:
5082:
5051:
4966:
4881:
4812:
4805:
4749:
4637:(First ed.). Delhi:
4297:. Sussex Academic Press.
4276:. Sussex Academic Press.
3835:Frank J. Hoffman (2002).
3564:. Routledge. p. 71.
3025:, pp. 10–12, 132–37.
2552:Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad
1865:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1295:10.1163/9789004400139_002
185:Etymology and terminology
47:eight realms of existence
9282:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
7931:Persecution of Buddhists
7152:Four stages of awakening
6533:Three marks of existence
6119:Physical characteristics
5261:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
4399:A Dictionary of Buddhism
4115:Philosophy East and West
3724:Robert DeCaroli (2004).
3714:, pp. xi–xii, 5–16.
3338:Jainism: An Introduction
2801:. iUniverse. p. 6.
2614:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008
2522:10 December 2015 at the
2242:, pp. 18–19, 24–25.
1846:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008
1815:21 November 2020 at the
1736:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008
1495:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008
647:Liberation/release from
359:and section 6.10 of the
334:Definition and rationale
313:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
153:doctrine is tied to the
41:describing the cycle of
27:Samsara (disambiguation)
11352:Jain terms and concepts
10972:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
9361:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
7294:Ten principal disciples
6177:(aunt, adoptive mother)
5191:Samkhyapravachana Sutra
4558:Williams, Paul (2002).
4543:. Motilal Banarsidass.
4336:Foundations of Buddhism
4333:Gethin, Rupert (1998).
4318:. Bloomsbury Academic.
4098:. Motilal Banarsidass.
3808:Carl B. Becker (1993).
3781:Steven Collins (2010).
3751:Akira Sadakata (1997).
3335:Jeffery D Long (2013).
3083:Jeaneane D. Fowler 2002
3071:Jeaneane D. Fowler 2002
3023:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997
3013:, pp. 129, 130–55.
2933:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997
2839:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997
2604:, Georgetown University
2600:25 October 2020 at the
2564:6 February 2015 at the
2557:Katie Javanaud (2013),
2543:Shankara's Introduction
2487:Pali–English Dictionary
1796:26 October 2020 at the
1750:, pp. 344, 356–57.
1704:Yuvraj Krishan (1997).
1609:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997
1510:Yuvraj Krishan (1997).
1247:Klaus Klostermaier 2010
532:were emphasized as the
9336:Eighteen Greater Texts
8004:Buddhism and democracy
7517:Tibetan Buddhist canon
7512:Chinese Buddhist canon
6744:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
6739:Early Buddhist schools
4927:Early Buddhist schools
4497:Michael Myers (2013).
4247:Mircea Eliade (1987).
4226:Dalal, Roshen (2010).
4205:Harold Coward (2012).
4184:Harold Coward (2008).
4007:James Thrower (1999).
3680:Kevin Trainor (2004).
3365:Graham Harvey (2016).
2155:Wendy Doniger (1980).
2070:Vallee Pussin (1917).
1935:Kusum P. Merh (1996).
1650:Wendy Doniger (1980).
1366:Rita M. Gross (1993).
1334:Shirley Firth (1997).
1124:(sometimes spelled as
997:
996:in Buddhist cosmology.
868:
492:
279:developed in the post-
121:has roots in the post-
70:
25:. For other uses, see
11383:List of Jain ascetics
11188:Dynasties and empires
10977:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
10089:Hindu gurus and sants
9341:Eighteen Lesser Texts
8014:Eight Consciousnesses
6124:Life of Buddha in art
4656:Sethia, Tara (2004).
4396:Damien Keown (2004).
4381:. SAGE Publications.
4034:J. S. Grewal (2006).
3953:H. S. Singha (2000).
3558:Edward Conze (2013).
3044:M. Hiriyanna (1995).
2389:22 April 2016 at the
1777:8 August 2020 at the
983:
866:
477:
361:Devi Bhagavata Purana
137:doctrine is found in
37:
11378:List of Jain temples
10079:Anti-Hindu sentiment
8491:East Asian religions
7921:Buddhism in the West
7492:Early Buddhist texts
7107:Four Right Exertions
6573:Ten spiritual realms
6066:Noble Eightfold Path
5365:Brihadratha Ikshvaku
5202:Sarvadarsanasangraha
4979:Acintya bheda abheda
4482:. Rosen Publishing.
4142:John Bowker (2014).
3525:Jeff Wilson (2010).
3422:Lambert Schmithausen
3392:Paul Dundas (2003).
3221:Paul Dundas (2003).
3152:Tara Sethia (2004).
3110:Paul Dundas (2003).
2972:Jack Sikora (2002).
2851:Mishra, R.C (2013).
1823:तत्प्रयत्नेन शोधयेत्
984:Traditional Tibetan
671:is a journey of the
416:) of living beings (
404:Punarmrityu: redeath
311:, verse 6.16 of the
305:Principal Upanishads
299:appears, along with
11459:Religion portal
11393:Topics List (index)
10684:Mahamastakabhisheka
10185:Hinduism by country
9351:Iraiyanar Akapporul
9311:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
8614:Religion portal
8361:Temple of the Tooth
8240:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
7279:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
6772:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
6555:Two truths doctrine
6375:Mahapajapati Gotamī
6175:Mahapajapati Gotamī
5425:Dayananda Saraswati
4999:Nimbarka Sampradaya
4923:Buddhist philosophy
4706:Saṃsāra and Rebirth
4664:Motilal Banarsidass
4639:Motilal Banarsidass
4436:Dalai Lama (1992).
3471:L. Alsdorf (1962),
3426:Buddhism and Nature
2795:Mukul Goel (2008).
2676:10.5840/ipq19822217
685:, and the body, or
579:tradition combined
204:, is linked to the
57:, according to the
11357:Sexual differences
8536:Western philosophy
8134:Dzong architecture
7956:Vipassana movement
7951:Buddhist modernism
7379:Emperor Wen of Sui
7147:Pratyekabuddhayāna
7080:Threefold Training
6882:Vipassana movement
6598:Hungry Ghost realm
6418:Avidyā (Ignorance)
6365:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
6114:Great Renunciation
6109:Eight Great Events
5991:
5036:Pashupata Shaivism
4866:Pashupata Shaivism
3632:, pp. 304–05.
3325:, pp. 222–23.
3313:, pp. 224–25.
3301:, pp. 223–24.
3208:, pp. 227–28.
3139:, pp. 226–28.
3097:, pp. 217–36.
3011:Harold Coward 2008
2999:Harold Coward 2008
2935:, pp. 111–12.
2568:, Philosophy Now;
2445:Michael Myers 2013
2430:Michael Myers 2013
2308:, pp. 139–40.
2252:Harold Coward 2012
2199:Mircea Eliade 1987
1578:Harold Coward 2008
1566:Michael Myers 2013
1556:, pp. 272–73.
1219:, pp. 271–72.
1175:Rebirth (Buddhism)
1065:), hungry ghosts (
1002:Saṃsāra (Buddhism)
998:
992:and six realms of
911:(liberation). The
869:
524:Evolution of ideas
71:
11465:
11464:
11147:
11146:
10926:Hampa Nagarajaiah
10819:Auspicious dreams
10747:Bhaktamara Stotra
10620:
10619:
10257:
10256:
10033:
10032:
9586:
9585:
9379:
9378:
9293:Sangam literature
9249:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
9097:
9096:
8913:
8912:
8622:
8621:
8260:Om mani padme hum
7966:Women in Buddhism
7882:Buddhist councils
7752:Western countries
7540:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
7301:Shaolin Monastery
6878:Samatha-vipassanā
6488:Pratītyasamutpāda
6292:Metteyya/Maitreya
6210:
6202:
6194:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6162:
6039:Four Noble Truths
5949:
5948:
5801:Pratītyasamutpāda
4962:
4961:
4743:Indian philosophy
4694:The Wheel of Life
4673:978-81-208-2036-4
4648:978-81-208-1691-6
4623:978-0-415-26605-5
4590:978-1-136-52088-4
4531:978-0-520-03923-0
4510:978-1-136-83565-0
4489:978-0-8239-2287-1
4468:978-1-139-46966-1
4428:978-0-7914-8011-3
4409:978-0-19-157917-2
4388:978-1-4522-6656-5
4367:978-0-520-03923-0
4325:978-0-8264-9966-0
4304:978-1-898723-93-6
4283:978-1-898723-60-8
4262:978-0-02-909480-8
4239:978-0-14-341421-6
4232:. Penguin Books.
4218:978-1-4384-4275-4
4197:978-0-7914-7336-8
4176:978-1-4008-4805-8
4155:978-0-19-870895-7
4105:978-81-208-0183-7
4074:978-0-19-100411-7
4047:978-0-19-567703-4
4020:978-0-87840-751-4
3993:978-0-19-100411-7
3966:978-81-7010-301-1
3939:978-1-4411-5366-1
3912:978-1-349-23049-5
3882:978-1-4411-5366-1
3848:978-81-208-1927-6
3821:978-0-8093-1932-9
3794:978-0-521-88198-2
3764:978-4-333-01682-2
3737:978-0-19-803765-1
3693:978-0-19-517398-7
3655:978-1-119-14466-3
3620:, pp. 30–42.
3608:, pp. 74–75.
3571:978-1-134-54231-4
3498:978-0-7619-9027-7
3467:978-1-4612-4458-5
3446:978-0-7748-0725-8
3378:978-1-134-93690-8
3348:978-0-85773-656-7
3285:978-81-208-1691-6
3165:978-81-208-2036-4
3057:978-81-208-1330-4
2985:978-1-4697-1731-9
2958:978-0-8226-0365-8
2919:978-1-4411-9829-7
2808:978-0-595-50524-1
2764:978-0-520-03923-0
2733:978-0-8006-9970-3
2706:978-0-520-03923-0
2645:978-0-8248-1752-7
2501:978-81-208-1144-7
2447:, pp. 79–80.
2416:978-1-4008-4805-8
2289:978-1-4381-1038-7
2266:, pp. 85–88.
2254:, pp. 29–31.
2230:, pp. 84–85.
2201:, pp. 56–57.
2189:, pp. 34–35.
2168:978-0-520-03923-0
2056:978-1-4522-6616-9
2029:978-0-7864-5675-8
2002:978-0-7619-9027-7
1975:978-0-14-400062-3
1948:978-81-246-0066-5
1925:, pp. 84–86.
1832:GA Jacob (1963),
1760:Damien Keown 2004
1717:978-81-208-1233-8
1667:978-0-520-03923-0
1523:978-81-208-1233-8
1497:, pp. 90–99.
1465:978-81-208-1233-8
1385:978-1-4384-0513-1
1347:978-90-6831-976-7
1305:978-90-04-40013-9
1288:. pp. 3–19.
1048:Four Noble Truths
855:Saṃsāra (Jainism)
498:Four Noble Truths
117:. The concept of
11510:
11457:
11456:
11419:Monks & nuns
11316:Statue of Ahimsa
11273:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
10997:
10996:
10911:Champat Rai Jain
10754:Tattvartha Sutra
10513:
10512:
10476:
10294:
10284:
10277:
10270:
10261:
10260:
10247:
10246:
10237:
10227:
10226:
10216:
10215:
10126:Pilgrimage sites
9880:Ganesh Chaturthi
9595:
9594:
9390:
9389:
9371:Vedarthasamgraha
9366:Vinayagar Agaval
9331:Five Great Epics
9306:Divya Prabandham
9219:Minor Upanishads
8963:
8962:
8933:
8932:
8921:
8920:
8701:
8700:
8667:
8659:
8649:
8642:
8635:
8626:
8625:
8612:
8611:
8600:
8599:
8439:Sacred languages
8287:Maya Devi Temple
8250:Mahabodhi Temple
8054:Secular Buddhism
8019:Engaged Buddhism
6859:
6707:Tibetan Buddhism
6658:Vietnamese Thiền
6257:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
6208:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6168:
6160:
6009:
6008:
5996:
5986:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5953:
5952:
5455:Satyakama Jabala
5390:Akshapada Gotama
5340:Gārgī Vāchaknavī
5320:Vāchaspati Misra
5178:Nyayakusumanjali
5112:Bhagavata Purana
5069:Radical Humanism
5041:Shaiva Siddhanta
4810:
4809:
4782:Vedic philosophy
4736:
4729:
4722:
4713:
4712:
4677:
4652:
4627:
4594:
4580:Buddhist Thought
4573:
4560:Buddhist Thought
4554:
4535:
4514:
4493:
4472:
4451:
4432:
4413:
4392:
4371:
4350:
4329:
4308:
4287:
4266:
4254:
4243:
4222:
4201:
4180:
4159:
4138:
4109:
4079:
4078:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3866:
3853:
3852:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3677:
3664:
3659:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3580:"Nirvana is the
3575:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3522:
3503:
3502:
3482:
3476:
3455:
3449:
3435:
3429:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3218:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3107:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2871:"Hindu concepts"
2866:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2769:
2768:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2633:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2592:
2583:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2400:
2394:
2381:
2375:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2306:Obeyesekere 1980
2303:
2294:
2293:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2228:John Bowker 2014
2225:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2152:
2146:
2126:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1810:Maitri Upanishad
1807:
1801:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1612:
1606:
1593:
1590:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1540:
1537:Obeyesekere 2005
1534:
1528:
1527:
1507:
1498:
1492:
1481:
1478:
1467:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1373:
1363:
1352:
1351:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1297:
1286:Brill Publishers
1269:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1145:of One Lord for
971:
927:of Hinduism, or
859:Karma in Jainism
724:(knowledge), or
631:
612:
502:
424:("redeath") and
394:Hindu philosophy
317:Maitri Upanishad
256:, also known as
228:with the prefix
202:Indian religions
147:Hindu philosophy
123:Vedic literature
115:Indian religions
59:rebirth doctrine
11518:
11517:
11513:
11512:
11511:
11509:
11508:
11507:
11468:
11467:
11466:
11461:
11451:
11445:
11397:
11361:
11310:Panch Kalyanaka
11244:
11183:
11179:Non-creationism
11143:
11077:
10988:
10940:
10921:Jeffery D. Long
10916:Padmanabh Jaini
10901:Virchand Gandhi
10881:Colette Caillat
10864:
10828:
10778:
10705:
10616:
10566:
10502:
10389:Heavenly beings
10326:
10298:
10288:
10258:
10253:
10220:
10206:
10029:
9998:
9989:Vasant Panchami
9923:Pahela Baishakh
9905:Makar Sankranti
9824:
9759:
9666:
9582:
9485:
9375:
9356:Abhirami Antati
9326:Kamba Ramayanam
9287:
9173:
9130:
9093:
9015:
8989:
8952:
8922:
8909:
8893:Vishishtadvaita
8830:
8690:
8669:
8653:
8623:
8618:
8606:
8588:
8540:
8455:
8370:
8107:Ordination hall
8068:
7970:
7941:Buddhist crisis
7853:
7550:
7502:Mahayana sutras
7478:
7474:Thích Nhất Hạnh
7305:
7178:
7118:
7068:Bodhisattva vow
6753:
6619:
6559:
6518:Taṇhā (Craving)
6453:Five hindrances
6404:
6296:
6226:
6080:
6025:
5997:
5980:
5950:
5945:
5771:Parameshashakti
5479:
5415:Ramana Maharshi
5300:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
5278:
5244:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
5218:Tattvacintāmaṇi
5091:Abhinavabharati
5078:
5047:
5021:Sikh Philosophy
5009:Vishishtadvaita
4958:
4877:
4801:
4745:
4740:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4649:
4624:
4602:
4600:Further reading
4597:
4591:
4570:
4551:
4532:
4511:
4490:
4469:
4448:
4429:
4410:
4389:
4368:
4347:
4326:
4305:
4284:
4263:
4240:
4219:
4198:
4177:
4156:
4127:10.2307/1396832
4106:
4087:
4082:
4075:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3867:
3856:
3849:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3722:
3718:
3712:Dalai Lama 1992
3710:
3706:
3694:
3678:
3667:
3656:
3640:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3588:
3572:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3523:
3506:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3456:
3452:
3436:
3432:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3270:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3219:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2867:
2860:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2772:
2765:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2687:
2683:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2624:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2602:Wayback Machine
2593:
2586:
2566:Wayback Machine
2524:Wayback Machine
2513:
2509:
2502:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2401:
2397:
2391:Wayback Machine
2382:
2378:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2169:
2153:
2149:
2127:
2123:
2106:
2102:
2085:
2081:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1912:
1905:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1831:
1827:
1817:Wayback Machine
1808:
1804:
1798:Wayback Machine
1789:
1785:
1779:Wayback Machine
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1725:
1718:
1702:
1698:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1648:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1607:
1596:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1441:
1431:Flood, Gavin D.
1429:
1425:
1419:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1364:
1355:
1348:
1332:
1321:
1306:
1270:
1253:
1245:
1238:
1232:Lochtefeld 2002
1230:
1223:
1215:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1171:
1115:
1012:
1000:Main articles:
978:
861:
853:Main articles:
851:
825:Advaita Vedanta
762:
661:
660:
659:
658:
644:
643:
642:
632:
624:
623:
616:Loving devotion
613:
602:
526:
504:
494:
491:
488:
486:
480:The First Truth
406:
369:
336:
309:Katha Upanishad
275:The concept of
187:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11516:
11506:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11463:
11462:
11450:
11447:
11446:
11444:
11443:
11442:
11441:
11436:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11405:
11403:
11399:
11398:
11396:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11380:
11375:
11369:
11367:
11363:
11362:
11360:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11312:
11307:
11306:
11305:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11264:
11263:
11252:
11250:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11191:
11189:
11185:
11184:
11182:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11155:
11153:
11149:
11148:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11141:
11136:
11134:Southeast Asia
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11085:
11083:
11079:
11078:
11076:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11059:
11058:
11048:
11043:
11042:
11041:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11005:
11003:
10994:
10990:
10989:
10987:
10986:
10985:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10968:Organisations
10966:
10961:
10956:
10950:
10948:
10942:
10941:
10939:
10938:
10936:Jinendra Varni
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10906:Hermann Jacobi
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10872:
10870:
10866:
10865:
10863:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10840:Digambara monk
10836:
10834:
10830:
10829:
10827:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10815:
10814:
10809:
10799:
10794:
10788:
10786:
10780:
10779:
10777:
10776:
10774:Uttaradhyayana
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10750:
10749:
10744:
10742:Namokar Mantra
10736:
10731:
10729:Shatkhandagama
10726:
10724:Pravachanasara
10721:
10715:
10713:
10707:
10706:
10704:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10687:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10645:
10644:
10634:
10628:
10626:
10622:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10614:
10611:
10606:
10605:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10576:
10574:
10568:
10567:
10565:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10538:
10537:
10535:Kashtha Sangha
10532:
10530:Balatkara Gana
10521:
10519:
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10479:
10478:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10444:
10443:
10442:
10441:
10440:
10435:
10425:
10415:
10410:
10409:
10408:
10403:
10393:
10392:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10374:Jain cosmology
10371:
10370:
10369:
10361:
10360:
10359:
10349:
10348:
10347:
10336:
10334:
10328:
10327:
10325:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10308:
10306:
10300:
10299:
10296:Jainism topics
10287:
10286:
10279:
10272:
10264:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10251:
10241:
10231:
10211:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10197:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10176:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10135:
10134:
10133:
10123:
10118:
10117:
10116:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10060:
10059:
10054:
10043:
10041:
10035:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10006:
10004:
10000:
9999:
9997:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9975:
9974:
9973:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9947:
9946:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9876:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9855:
9853:Raksha Bandhan
9850:
9845:
9840:
9834:
9832:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9822:
9821:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9795:
9794:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9767:
9765:
9761:
9760:
9758:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9676:
9674:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9603:
9601:
9592:
9588:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9580:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9495:
9493:
9487:
9486:
9484:
9483:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9420:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9398:
9396:
9387:
9381:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9297:
9295:
9289:
9288:
9286:
9285:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9210:
9209:
9204:
9194:
9189:
9183:
9181:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9140:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9107:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9064:Shvetashvatara
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9039:Brihadaranyaka
9036:
9031:
9025:
9023:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8966:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8950:
8945:
8939:
8937:
8936:Classification
8930:
8924:
8923:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8907:
8898:
8897:
8896:
8889:
8882:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8840:
8838:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8828:
8827:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8775:
8774:
8773:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8746:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8709:
8707:
8698:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8688:
8683:
8680:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8652:
8651:
8644:
8637:
8629:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8604:
8593:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8550:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8487:
8486:
8481:
8471:
8465:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8451:
8446:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8380:
8378:
8372:
8371:
8369:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8171:Greco-Buddhist
8163:
8162:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8122:Burmese pagoda
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8078:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7980:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7904:Greco-Buddhism
7901:
7896:
7895:
7894:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7863:
7861:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7837:United Kingdom
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7782:Czech Republic
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7742:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7713:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7661:
7656:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7560:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7546:Abhidharmadīpa
7543:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7488:
7486:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7464:B. R. Ambedkar
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7384:Songtsen Gampo
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7315:
7313:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7303:
7298:
7297:
7296:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7077:
7076:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7063:Eight precepts
7060:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7006:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6942:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6851:
6841:
6836:
6834:Five Strengths
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6774:
6769:
6763:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6629:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6575:
6569:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6473:Mental factors
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6414:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6325:Mahamoggallāna
6322:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6240:Avalokiteśvara
6236:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6204:
6196:
6188:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6041:
6035:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5979:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5956:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5846:Shabda Brahman
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5796:Pratibimbavada
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5435:Vedanta Desika
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5330:Gautama Buddha
5327:
5325:Uddalaka Aruni
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5212:Tarka-Sangraha
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5155:Mimamsa Sutras
5151:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5127:
5125:Buddhist texts
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4684:
4683:External links
4681:
4679:
4678:
4672:
4653:
4647:
4628:
4622:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4589:
4574:
4568:
4555:
4550:978-8120826090
4549:
4536:
4530:
4515:
4509:
4494:
4488:
4473:
4467:
4452:
4447:978-1459614505
4446:
4433:
4427:
4414:
4408:
4393:
4387:
4372:
4366:
4351:
4346:978-0192892232
4345:
4330:
4324:
4309:
4303:
4288:
4282:
4267:
4261:
4244:
4238:
4223:
4217:
4202:
4196:
4181:
4175:
4160:
4154:
4139:
4121:(1/2): 33–40.
4110:
4104:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4053:
4046:
4026:
4019:
3999:
3992:
3972:
3965:
3945:
3938:
3918:
3911:
3888:
3881:
3854:
3847:
3827:
3820:
3800:
3793:
3770:
3763:
3743:
3736:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3665:
3654:
3634:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3596:, p. 119.
3586:
3570:
3550:
3544:978-0195393521
3543:
3504:
3497:
3477:
3450:
3430:
3411:
3405:978-0415266055
3404:
3384:
3377:
3354:
3347:
3327:
3315:
3303:
3291:
3284:
3264:
3262:, p. 228.
3252:
3250:, p. 225.
3240:
3234:978-0415266055
3233:
3210:
3198:
3196:, p. 227.
3186:
3184:, p. 226.
3171:
3164:
3141:
3129:
3123:978-0415266055
3122:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3056:
3036:
3027:
3015:
3003:
3001:, p. 129.
2991:
2984:
2964:
2957:
2937:
2925:
2918:
2898:
2858:
2843:
2831:
2814:
2807:
2787:
2785:, p. 272.
2770:
2763:
2739:
2732:
2712:
2705:
2681:
2651:
2644:
2618:
2606:
2584:
2580:978-8120806191
2535:978-0791422175
2507:
2500:
2476:
2469:
2449:
2434:
2422:
2415:
2395:
2376:
2354:
2345:
2341:978-2868030610
2328:
2319:
2310:
2295:
2288:
2268:
2256:
2244:
2232:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2147:
2121:
2100:
2092:978-0521438780
2079:
2062:
2055:
2035:
2028:
2008:
2001:
1981:
1974:
1954:
1947:
1927:
1910:
1903:
1883:
1850:
1838:
1825:
1802:
1783:
1764:
1762:, p. 248.
1752:
1740:
1723:
1716:
1696:
1673:
1666:
1639:
1613:
1594:
1582:
1580:, p. 103.
1570:
1558:
1541:
1529:
1522:
1499:
1482:
1468:
1452:
1439:
1423:
1418:978-9402410365
1417:
1391:
1384:
1353:
1346:
1319:
1304:
1251:
1249:, p. 604.
1236:
1234:, p. 589.
1221:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1114:
1111:
977:
974:
850:
847:
795:Dvaita Vedanta
761:
758:
646:
645:
633:
626:
625:
614:
607:
606:
605:
604:
603:
601:
598:
568:(no self) and
525:
522:
501:, Donald Lopez
483:
476:
405:
402:
368:
365:
335:
332:
326:is related to
246:metempsychosis
186:
183:
139:early Buddhism
82:: संसार) is a
67:Twelve Nidānas
51:sentient being
23:Sansara (moth)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11515:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11493:Reincarnation
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11460:
11455:
11448:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11431:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11404:
11400:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11373:List of Jains
11371:
11370:
11368:
11364:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11317:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11304:
11301:
11300:
11299:
11298:Jain calendar
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11262:
11259:
11258:
11257:
11254:
11253:
11251:
11247:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11192:
11190:
11186:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11156:
11154:
11150:
11140:
11139:United States
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11086:
11084:
11080:
11074:
11073:Uttar Pradesh
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11057:
11054:
11053:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11040:
11037:
11036:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11006:
11004:
11002:
10998:
10995:
10991:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10969:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10951:
10949:
10947:
10943:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10876:Nalini Balbir
10874:
10873:
10871:
10867:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10831:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10804:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10789:
10787:
10785:
10781:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10739:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10716:
10714:
10712:
10708:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10671:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10654:Vegetarianism
10652:
10650:
10647:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10629:
10627:
10623:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10581:
10578:
10577:
10575:
10573:
10569:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10527:
10526:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10518:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10505:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10477:
10475:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10449:
10448:
10445:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10420:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10398:
10397:
10394:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10375:
10372:
10368:
10365:
10364:
10362:
10358:
10355:
10354:
10353:
10350:
10346:
10343:
10342:
10341:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10329:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10293:
10285:
10280:
10278:
10273:
10271:
10266:
10265:
10262:
10250:
10242:
10240:
10236:
10232:
10230:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10209:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10192:
10191:
10190:Hindu temples
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10140:
10139:
10136:
10132:
10129:
10128:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10115:
10112:
10111:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10094:Hindu studies
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10064:Denominations
10062:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10049:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10040:
10036:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10001:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9976:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9952:
9951:
9948:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9874:
9873:Vijayadashami
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9860:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9835:
9833:
9831:
9827:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9799:
9796:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9768:
9766:
9762:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9690:Simantonayana
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9673:
9669:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9604:
9602:
9600:
9596:
9593:
9589:
9579:
9578:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9488:
9482:
9481:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9403:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9395:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9382:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9294:
9290:
9284:
9283:
9279:
9277:
9276:Yoga Vasistha
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9236:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9199:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9187:Bhagavad Gita
9185:
9184:
9182:
9180:
9176:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9137:
9133:
9127:
9126:Sthapatyaveda
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9104:
9100:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9026:
9024:
9022:
9018:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8998:
8996:
8992:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8967:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8955:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8925:
8906:
8902:
8899:
8895:
8894:
8890:
8888:
8887:
8883:
8881:
8880:
8876:
8875:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8845:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8706:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8693:
8687:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8672:
8666:
8662:
8658:
8650:
8645:
8643:
8638:
8636:
8631:
8630:
8627:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8603:
8595:
8594:
8591:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8547:
8543:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8376:Miscellaneous
8373:
8367:
8366:Vegetarianism
8364:
8362:
8359:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8188:Buddha in art
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8167:
8164:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8123:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7856:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7842:United States
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7750:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7733:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7669:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7541:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7399:Padmasambhava
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7311:Major figures
7308:
7302:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7258:
7257:Western tulku
7255:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7115:
7112:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7058:Five precepts
7056:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7036:Dhamma vicaya
7034:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Buddhābhiṣeka
6802:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6613:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6556:
6553:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6448:Enlightenment
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6438:Dhamma theory
6436:
6434:
6433:Buddha-nature
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6272:Samantabhadra
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6181:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6004:
6003:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5977:
5972:
5970:
5965:
5963:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:Parinama-vada
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5400:Padmasambhāva
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:Maṇḍana Miśra
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5295:Abhinavagupta
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5268:Yoga Vasistha
5265:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5161:All 108 texts
5159:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5131:Dharmashastra
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5105:Bhagavad Gita
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:Integral yoga
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5004:Shuddhadvaita
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4675:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4592:
4586:
4583:. Routledge.
4582:
4581:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:. Routledge.
4561:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:. Routledge.
4502:
4501:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:. Macmillan.
4253:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4076:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3895:
3893:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3850:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3606:Williams 2002
3602:
3595:
3590:
3583:
3582:raison d’être
3579:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3474:
3469:, pp. 168–77;
3468:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3287:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3268:
3261:
3256:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3202:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3012:
3007:
3000:
2995:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2847:
2841:, p. 11.
2840:
2835:
2828:
2827:0-88706-251-2
2824:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2702:
2699:–33, 228–29.
2698:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2432:, p. 79.
2431:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2370:, p. 356, at
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2213:, p. 18.
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2187:Buitenen 1957
2183:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2140:: (...) They
2139:
2135:
2134:81-208-1104-6
2131:
2125:
2118:
2114:
2113:81-208-1776-1
2110:
2104:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1904:9780567065124
1900:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1848:, p. 97.
1847:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1738:, p. 90.
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1611:, p. 10.
1610:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1568:, p. 36.
1567:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Rota Fortunae
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1149:(salvation).
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:), and gods (
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
987:
982:
973:
970:
963:
961:
956:
952:
948:
943:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
895:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
865:
860:
856:
846:
844:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
776:
771:
767:
757:
755:
751:
746:
745:Bhagavad Gita
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
709:
707:
703:
698:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
666:
656:
655:
650:
640:
636:
630:
621:
617:
611:
597:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
572:(emptiness).
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
552:. Salvation (
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
521:
519:
514:
509:
503:
500:
499:
490:
482:
481:
475:
473:
472:
467:
466:
461:
457:
451:
449:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
401:
399:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:reincarnation
364:
362:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:
331:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:, in several
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:
68:
64:
61:of Buddhism.
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
11314:
11293:Samavasarana
11283:Śalākāpuruṣa
10891:John E. Cort
10802:Ashtamangala
10797:Siddhachakra
10734:Kasayapahuda
10701:Pratikramana
10609:Sthānakavāsī
10367:Anekāntavāda
10363:Jaina logic
10357:Kevala Jñāna
10352:Epistemology
10200:Architecture
9803:Brahmacharya
9745:Samavartanam
9710:Annaprashana
9576:
9479:
9280:
9234:Dharmaśāstra
9224:Arthashastra
9059:Maitrayaniya
8891:
8884:
8877:
8799:Brahmacharya
8742:
8554:Bodhisattvas
8474:Christianity
8469:Baháʼí Faith
8334:Dharmachakra
8324:Prayer wheel
8314:Prayer beads
8082:Architecture
7961:969 Movement
7745:Saudi Arabia
7723:Central Asia
7716:South Africa
7538:
7521:
7454:Panchen Lama
7359:Buddhapālita
6955:Satipatthana
6950:Mindful Yoga
6863:Recollection
6777:Brahmavihara
6648:Japanese Zen
6643:Chinese Chan
6603:Animal realm
6410:Key concepts
6232:Bodhisattvas
6044:Three Jewels
5876:Iccha-mrityu
5841:Satkaryavada
5830:
5741:Nididhyasana
5726:Matsya Nyaya
5460:Madhvacharya
5290:Adi Shankara
5283:Philosophers
5266:
5259:
5242:
5223:
5216:
5207:Shiva Sutras
5197:Sangam texts
5189:
5182:
5173:Nyāya Sūtras
5153:
5146:
5129:
5119:Brahma Sutra
5118:
5110:
5103:
5098:Arthashastra
5096:
5089:
5031:Pratyabhijna
4911:Anekantavada
4658:
4633:
4612:
4608:Dundas, Paul
4579:
4559:
4540:
4520:
4499:
4478:
4457:
4437:
4418:
4398:
4377:
4356:
4335:
4314:
4293:
4272:
4250:
4228:
4207:
4186:
4165:
4144:
4118:
4114:
4094:
4063:
4056:
4036:
4029:
4009:
4002:
3982:
3975:
3955:
3948:
3928:
3921:
3901:
3871:
3837:
3830:
3810:
3803:
3783:
3753:
3746:
3726:
3719:
3707:
3699:
3682:
3660:
3644:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3560:
3553:
3526:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3461:, Springer,
3458:
3453:
3433:
3425:
3394:
3387:
3367:
3337:
3330:
3318:
3306:
3294:
3274:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3223:
3201:
3189:
3154:
3132:
3112:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3046:
3039:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2974:
2967:
2947:
2940:
2928:
2908:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2874:
2852:
2846:
2834:
2817:
2797:
2790:
2749:
2742:
2722:
2715:
2691:
2684:
2670:(1): 65–74.
2667:
2663:
2629:
2621:
2609:
2572:
2569:
2555:
2551:
2548:Google Books
2541:
2538:
2527:
2514:
2510:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2459:
2452:
2425:
2405:
2398:
2379:
2374:, pp. 356–57
2372:Google Books
2365:
2362:Paul Deussen
2357:
2348:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2278:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2174:
2157:
2150:
2137:
2124:
2116:
2103:
2095:
2082:
2072:
2065:
2045:
2038:
2018:
2011:
1991:
1984:
1964:
1957:
1937:
1930:
1893:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1863:
1853:
1841:
1828:
1820:
1805:
1786:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1706:
1699:
1689:
1652:
1632:
1573:
1561:
1532:
1512:
1455:
1447:
1446:A.M. Boyer:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1400:
1394:
1369:
1336:
1273:
1185:Resurrection
1162:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:), animals (
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
993:
988:showing the
964:
959:
950:
946:
944:
939:
933:
916:
912:
902:
898:
896:
891:
889:
884:
880:
876:
870:
840:
836:
832:
821:Adi Shankara
814:
810:
791:Madhvacharya
788:
783:
773:
769:
765:
763:
753:
749:
740:
734:
729:
716:(devotion),
710:
694:
690:
682:
678:
672:
668:
662:
652:
648:
638:
619:
592:
584:
580:
574:
549:
545:
537:
533:
527:
517:
512:
505:
496:
493:
484:
479:
478:
469:
463:
459:
455:
452:
447:
443:
437:
425:
421:
409:
407:
397:
380:
370:
344:
339:
337:
327:
323:
321:
296:
276:
274:
269:
265:
261:
257:
249:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
219:
214:
210:
197:
189:
188:
177:, Mukti, or
166:
162:
150:
134:
118:
112:
96:karmic cycle
87:
74:
73:
72:
42:
31:
18:
11235:Rashtrakuta
11152:Jainism and
11051:Maharashtra
11009:Bundelkhand
10896:Paul Dundas
10769:Kalpa Sūtra
10764:Aptamimamsa
10649:Monasticism
10580:Murtipujaka
10562:Kanji Panth
10542:Taran Panth
10525:Mula Sangha
10379:Siddhashila
10312:Tirthankara
10249:WikiProject
10121:Persecution
10109:Nationalism
10099:Iconography
9979:Ratha Yatra
9890:Janmashtami
9885:Rama Navami
9813:Vanaprastha
9764:Varnashrama
9740:Ritushuddhi
9725:Vidyarambha
9715:Chudakarana
9705:Nishkramana
9680:Garbhadhana
9321:Thirukkural
9316:Thiruppugal
9244:Nāradasmṛti
9207:Mahabharata
8985:Atharvaveda
8863:Vaisheshika
8750:Puruṣārthas
8399:Dharma talk
8228:Asalha Puja
8024:Eschatology
7827:Switzerland
7807:New Zealand
7735:Middle East
7644:Philippines
7564:Afghanistan
7369:Bodhidharma
7354:Buddhaghosa
7274:Householder
7184:Monasticism
7137:Bodhisattva
6992:Prostration
6945:Mindfulness
6873:Anapanasati
6856:Kammaṭṭhāna
6653:Korean Seon
6593:Asura realm
6588:Human realm
6528:Ten Fetters
6483:Parinirvana
6385:Uppalavanna
6350:Mahākaccana
6335:Mahākassapa
6267:Kṣitigarbha
6262:Ākāśagarbha
6159:Suddhodāna
6104:Four sights
6031:Foundations
5921:Vivartavada
5811:Rājamaṇḍala
5766:Paramananda
5566:Apauruṣheyā
5561:Anupalabdhi
5420:Vivekananda
5385:Dharmakirti
5345:Buddhaghosa
5335:Yājñavalkya
5142:Jain Agamas
5137:Hindu texts
5016:Navya-Nyāya
4952:Svatantrika
4947:Sautrāntika
4836:Vaisheshika
4569:0-415207010
3594:Gethin 1998
2829:, pp. 60–64
2638:–8, 73–78.
2554:, pp. 2–4;
2546:, p. 2, at
2470:0-415207002
1159:Vaishnavism
1073:), humans (
976:In Buddhism
816:videhamukti
600:In Hinduism
560:(self) and
530:soteriology
471:Videhamukti
426:Punaravṛtti
414:Punarjanman
377:Punarjanman
357:Mahabharata
100:Punarjanman
55:reincarnate
49:in which a
39:Bhavachakra
11472:Categories
11414:Literature
11303:Samvatsari
11068:Tamil Nadu
10993:Jainism in
10812:Nandavarta
10759:Samayasāra
10711:Literature
10679:Kshamavani
10674:Paryushana
10637:Meditation
10632:Sallekhana
10572:Śvetāmbara
10493:Ratnatraya
10413:Gunasthana
10332:Philosophy
9950:Kumbh Mela
9918:Gudi Padwa
9863:Durga Puja
9848:Shivaratri
9720:Karnavedha
9700:Namakarana
9662:Tirthatana
9429:Dattatreya
9266:Subhashita
9239:Manusmriti
9116:Dhanurveda
9049:Taittiriya
9034:Kaushitaki
9021:Upanishads
8794:Aparigraha
8696:Philosophy
8516:Psychology
8496:Gnosticism
8484:Comparison
8479:Influences
8461:Comparison
8344:Bhavacakra
8302:Kushinagar
8277:Pilgrimage
8223:Māgha Pūjā
8178:Bodhi Tree
7994:Buddhology
7984:Abhidharma
7976:Philosophy
7909:Menander I
7777:Costa Rica
7728:Uzbekistan
7569:Bangladesh
7523:Dhammapada
7507:Pali Canon
7469:Ajahn Chah
7449:Dalai Lama
7349:Kumārajīva
7344:Vasubandhu
7319:The Buddha
7227:Zen master
7162:Sakadagami
7142:Buddhahood
7073:Pratimokṣa
6888:Shikantaza
6844:Meditation
6819:Deity yoga
6690:Madhyamaka
6583:Deva realm
6478:Mindstream
6428:Bodhicitta
6340:Aṅgulimāla
6207:Devadatta
6183:Yaśodharā
6086:The Buddha
6076:Middle Way
5871:Svātantrya
5761:Paramatman
5716:Kshetrajna
5691:Ishvaratva
5631:Cittabhumi
5626:Chidabhasa
5576:Asiddhatva
5496:Abhasavada
5470:Guru Nanak
5405:Vasubandhu
5231:Upanishads
5225:Tirukkuṟaḷ
5184:Panchadasi
4989:Bhedabheda
4937:Madhyamaka
4777:Monotheism
4440:. Wisdom.
3438:Rod Preece
3323:Jaini 1980
3311:Jaini 1980
3299:Jaini 1980
3260:Jaini 1980
3248:Jaini 1980
3206:Jaini 1980
3194:Jaini 1980
3182:Jaini 1980
3137:Jaini 1980
3095:Jaini 1980
2876:BBC Online
2136:, p. 135,
1860:"Hinduism"
1800:Wikisource
1781:Wikisource
1748:Dalal 2010
1191:References
1130:Guru Nanak
1113:In Sikhism
1023:punarbhava
1019:Bhavacakra
1010:Six realms
1006:Bhavacakra
990:bhavacakra
925:nondualism
849:In Jainism
842:jivanmukti
737:Upanishads
635:Meditation
589:asceticism
465:Jivanmukti
422:Punarmṛtyu
389:Upanishads
293:Upanishads
194:Devanagari
169:is called
157:theory of
131:Upanishads
80:Devanagari
11332:Sculpture
11268:Ekendriya
11129:Singapore
11114:Hong Kong
11094:Australia
11063:Rajasthan
11034:Karnataka
10946:Community
10931:Bal Patil
10886:Chandabai
10855:Pattavali
10807:Shrivatsa
10792:Jain flag
10669:Festivals
10625:Practices
10613:Terapanth
10600:Tristutik
10590:Kharatara
10552:Terapanth
10547:Bispanthi
10517:Digambara
10340:Five Vows
10317:Ganadhara
10173:Theosophy
10104:Mythology
10084:Criticism
10052:Etymology
10010:Svādhyāya
9909:New Year
9858:Navaratri
9830:Festivals
9808:Grihastha
9781:Kshatriya
9755:Antyeshti
9730:Upanayana
9695:Jatakarma
9685:Pumsavana
9672:Sanskaras
9637:Naivedhya
9591:Practices
9536:Mahavidya
9504:Saraswati
9491:Goddesses
9449:Kartikeya
9346:Athichudi
9301:Tirumurai
9154:Vyākaraṇa
9121:Natyaveda
9069:Chandogya
8994:Divisions
8975:Yajurveda
8584:Festivals
8564:Buddhists
8526:Theosophy
8329:Symbolism
8319:Hama yumi
8292:Bodh Gaya
8059:Socialism
8034:Evolution
8009:Economics
7847:Venezuela
7762:Australia
7757:Argentina
7681:Sri Lanka
7676:Singapore
7594:Indonesia
7556:Countries
7497:Tripiṭaka
7459:Ajahn Mun
7334:Nagarjuna
7329:Aśvaghoṣa
7212:Anagārika
7207:Śrāmaṇerī
7202:Śrāmaṇera
7197:Bhikkhunī
7157:Sotāpanna
7046:Passaddhi
6987:Offerings
6962:Nekkhamma
6839:Iddhipada
6759:Practices
6729:Theravada
6702:Vajrayana
6695:Yogachara
6665:Pure Land
6578:Six Paths
6565:Cosmology
6345:Anuruddha
6320:Sāriputta
6310:Kaundinya
6302:Disciples
6277:Vajrapāṇi
6129:Footprint
6094:Tathāgata
5731:Mithyatva
5621:Chaitanya
5616:Catuṣkoṭi
5581:Asatkalpa
5556:Anavastha
5531:Aishvarya
5450:Sakayanya
5445:Sadananda
5410:Gaudapada
5395:Nagarjuna
5350:Patañjali
5166:Principal
5148:Kamasutra
4942:Yogachara
4861:Raseśvara
4613:The Jains
4610:(2002) .
3395:The Jains
3224:The Jains
3113:The Jains
2343:, pp. 1–9
2115:, p. 51,
2094:, p. 86,
1314:1382-3442
1196:Citations
955:Digambara
651:, called
518:Āgatigati
322:The word
238:saṃsaraṇa
69:doctrine.
11424:Scholars
11402:Navboxes
11261:Timeline
11210:Ikshvaku
11195:Chalukya
11164:Hinduism
11159:Buddhism
11124:Pakistan
11082:Overseas
10869:Scholars
10850:Kshullak
10833:Ascetics
10824:Swastika
10642:Sāmāyika
10557:Yapaniya
10508:Branches
10229:Category
10180:Glossary
10148:Buddhism
10114:Hindutva
10074:Calendar
9955:Haridwar
9933:Vaisakhi
9928:Puthandu
9818:Sannyasa
9735:Keshanta
9566:Shashthi
9402:Trimurti
9229:Nitisara
9202:Ramayana
9197:Itihasas
9169:Jyotisha
9111:Ayurveda
9103:Upavedas
9084:Mandukya
9029:Aitareya
9011:Aranyaka
9006:Brahmana
8980:Samaveda
8905:Charvaka
8705:Concepts
8686:Timeline
8678:Glossary
8661:Hinduism
8602:Category
8531:Violence
8501:Hinduism
8449:Sanskrit
8404:Hinayana
8389:Amitābha
8349:Swastika
8218:Uposatha
8208:Holidays
8193:Calendar
8039:Humanism
7877:Kanishka
7867:Timeline
7691:Thailand
7659:Kalmykia
7654:Buryatia
7639:Pakistan
7624:Mongolia
7619:Maldives
7614:Malaysia
7579:Cambodia
7444:Shamarpa
7439:Nichiren
7389:Xuanzang
7324:Nagasena
7242:Rinpoche
6972:Pāramitā
6814:Devotion
6734:Navayana
6722:Dzogchen
6685:Nichiren
6633:Mahayana
6625:Branches
6503:Saṅkhāra
6252:Mañjuśrī
6209:(cousin)
6201:(cousin)
6169:(mother)
6161:(father)
6149:Miracles
6099:Birthday
6016:Glossary
5989:Buddhism
5896:Tanmatra
5891:Tajjalan
5881:Syādvāda
5781:Pradhana
5756:Padārtha
5721:Lakshana
5666:Ekagrata
5511:Adrishta
5506:Adarsana
5484:Concepts
5465:Mahavira
5430:Ramanuja
5380:Chanakya
5315:Avatsara
5310:Valluvar
5250:Vedangas
5064:Gandhism
4967:Medieval
4916:Syādvāda
4901:Charvaka
4873:Pāṇiniya
4767:Idealism
3424:(1991),
2885:Archived
2598:Archived
2562:Archived
2520:Archived
2387:Archived
2145:thought.
2142:Sramanas
1870:Archived
1813:Archived
1794:Archived
1775:Archived
1687:(1917).
1433:(1996),
1169:See also
1075:manushya
829:monistic
799:theistic
720:(work),
665:Hinduism
508:Sramanas
270:kaivalya
179:Kaivalya
159:Hinduism
84:Sanskrit
11434:America
11429:Temples
11278:Pratima
11256:History
11249:Related
11240:Santara
11220:Kalinga
11215:Kadamba
11205:Hoysala
11174:Sikhism
11099:Belgium
11029:Haryana
11024:Gujarat
10954:Śrāvaka
10860:Acharya
10784:Symbols
10738:Mantra
10691:Upadhan
10664:Rituals
10659:Fasting
10498:Kashaya
10488:Saṃsāra
10467:Nirjara
10462:Samvara
10433:Pudgala
10322:Arihant
10218:Outline
10168:Sikhism
10163:Judaism
10158:Jainism
10039:Related
10015:Namaste
9868:Ramlila
9798:Ashrama
9786:Vaishya
9776:Brahmin
9599:Worship
9551:Rukmini
9541:Matrika
9514:Parvati
9509:Lakshmi
9499:Tridevi
9454:Krishna
9439:Hanuman
9434:Ganesha
9385:Deities
9271:Tantras
9261:Stotras
9214:Puranas
9159:Nirukta
9149:Chandas
9144:Shiksha
9136:Vedanga
9089:Prashna
9079:Mundaka
9001:Samhita
8970:Rigveda
8901:Nāstika
8886:Advaita
8873:Vedanta
8868:Mīmāṃsā
8848:Samkhya
8836:Schools
8824:Akrodha
8743:Saṃsāra
8723:Ishvara
8713:Brahman
8579:Temples
8559:Buddhas
8521:Science
8511:Judaism
8506:Jainism
8424:Lineage
8384:Abhijñā
8354:Thangka
8297:Sarnath
8282:Lumbini
8203:Funeral
8198:Cuisine
8074:Culture
8049:Reality
7999:Creator
7989:Atomism
7859:History
7832:Ukraine
7792:Germany
7711:Senegal
7701:Vietnam
7629:Myanmar
7429:Shinran
7419:Karmapa
7394:Shandao
7364:Dignāga
7289:Śrāvaka
7269:Donchee
7264:Kappiya
7222:Sayadaw
7192:Bhikkhu
7167:Anāgāmi
7124:Nirvana
7090:Samadhi
6977:Paritta
6918:Tonglen
6913:Mandala
6868:Smarana
6849:Mantras
6797:Upekkha
6767:Bhavana
6717:Shingon
6670:Tiantai
6523:Tathātā
6513:Śūnyatā
6508:Skandha
6498:Saṃsāra
6493:Rebirth
6468:Kleshas
6458:Indriya
6360:Subhūti
6245:Guanyin
6199:Ānanda
6191:Rāhula
6071:Nirvana
6011:Outline
5941:More...
5911:Upekkhā
5906:Uparati
5886:Taijasa
5861:Śūnyatā
5831:Saṃsāra
5826:Samadhi
5791:Prakṛti
5746:Nirvāṇa
5696:Jivatva
5686:Ikshana
5641:Devatas
5611:Bhumika
5601:Brahman
5591:Avyakta
5536:Akrodha
5516:Advaita
5475:More...
5370:Jaimini
5274:More...
4984:Advaita
4974:Vedanta
4932:Śūnyatā
4891:Ājīvika
4883:Nāstika
4851:Vedanta
4846:Mīmāṃsā
4826:Samkhya
4806:Ancient
4762:Atomism
4757:Atheism
4135:1396832
4085:Sources
2891:31 July
1876:31 July
1821:संसारम्
1163:saṅsāra
1155:Saṅsāra
1139:saṃsāra
1135:Saṅsāra
1126:Saṅsāra
1122:saṃsāra
1118:Sikhism
1107:Nirvāṇa
1099:saṃsāra
1095:Nirvāṇa
1090:saṃsāra
1059:saṃsāra
1055:saṃsāra
1046:". The
1044:saṃsāra
1039:saṃsāra
1035:Saṃsāra
1028:Nirvāṇa
1015:Saṃsāra
994:saṃsāra
986:thangka
969:saṃsāra
960:saṃsāra
947:saṃsāra
940:saṃsāra
936:Ajivika
921:Advaita
917:saṃsāra
913:Ābhāvya
904:Ābhāvya
899:saṃsāra
885:Saṃsāra
881:saṃsāra
877:saṃsāra
873:Jainism
833:saṃsāra
811:saṃsāra
807:Krishna
784:saṃsāra
770:saṃsāra
766:saṃsāra
750:saṃsāra
741:saṃsāra
730:saṃsāra
669:saṃsāra
649:saṃsāra
593:saṃsāra
581:saṃsāra
577:Ajivika
570:Śūnyatā
562:Brahman
538:saṃsāra
534:saṃsāra
448:Saṃsāra
434:Brahman
410:saṃsāra
398:Saṃsāra
385:Rigveda
381:saṃsāra
367:History
340:saṃsāra
328:Saṃsṛti
324:saṃsāra
297:saṃsāra
289:Rigveda
285:Samhita
277:saṃsāra
266:nibbāna
262:nirvāṇa
250:Saṃsāra
242:saṃsāra
222:saṃsāra
215:samsara
211:saṃsāra
190:Saṃsāra
175:Nirvāṇa
167:saṃsāra
163:saṃsāra
151:saṃsāra
143:Jainism
135:saṃsāra
119:saṃsāra
108:rebirth
88:Saṃsāra
75:Saṃsāra
43:saṃsāra
11439:Bengal
11347:Nigoda
11322:Temple
11288:Tirtha
11230:Pandya
11225:Maurya
11109:Europe
11104:Canada
11089:Africa
11056:Mumbai
11046:Kerala
10845:Aryika
10585:Gaccha
10457:Bandha
10452:Asrava
10447:Tattva
10438:Dharma
10418:Dravya
10406:Causes
10384:Naraka
10345:Ahimsa
10239:Portal
10143:Baháʼí
10047:Hindus
10025:Tilaka
9994:Others
9970:Ujjain
9965:Prayag
9960:Nashik
9900:Pongal
9838:Diwali
9791:Shudra
9750:Vivaha
9657:Dhyāna
9632:Bhajan
9622:Bhakti
9607:Temple
9561:Shakti
9469:Varuna
9412:Vishnu
9407:Brahma
9256:Sutras
9192:Agamas
8948:Smriti
8879:Dvaita
8844:Āstika
8789:Asteya
8784:Ahimsa
8770:Moksha
8755:Dharma
8668:topics
8574:Sutras
8569:Suttas
8434:Siddhi
8419:Koliya
8394:Brahmā
8309:Poetry
8255:Mantra
8245:Kasaya
8117:Pagoda
8097:Kyaung
8092:Vihāra
8087:Temple
8029:Ethics
7872:Ashoka
7822:Sweden
7817:Poland
7812:Norway
7802:Mexico
7787:France
7772:Canada
7767:Brazil
7706:Africa
7686:Taiwan
7649:Russia
7574:Bhutan
7534:Vinaya
7414:Naropa
7404:Saraha
7339:Asanga
7095:Prajñā
7004:Refuge
6967:Nianfo
6928:Tertön
6923:Tantra
6908:Ganana
6898:Tukdam
6824:Dhyāna
6792:Mudita
6787:Karuṇā
6680:Risshū
6675:Huayan
6608:Naraka
6548:Anattā
6543:Dukkha
6538:Anicca
6443:Dharma
6395:Channa
6330:Ānanda
6315:Assaji
6282:Skanda
6185:(wife)
6154:Family
6134:Relics
6059:Sangha
6054:Dharma
6049:Buddha
5916:Utsaha
5866:Sutram
5856:Sthiti
5851:Sphoṭa
5821:Sakshi
5806:Puruṣa
5786:Prajna
5751:Niyama
5711:Kasaya
5656:Dravya
5646:Dharma
5606:Bhuman
5596:Bhrama
5551:Ananta
5546:Anatta
5541:Aksara
5526:Ahimsa
5501:Abheda
5491:Abhava
5440:Raikva
5360:Kapila
5355:Kanada
5052:Modern
5026:Shaiva
4994:Dvaita
4896:Ajñana
4856:Shaiva
4814:Āstika
4797:Moksha
4750:Topics
4670:
4645:
4620:
4587:
4566:
4547:
4528:
4507:
4486:
4465:
4444:
4425:
4406:
4385:
4364:
4343:
4322:
4301:
4280:
4259:
4236:
4215:
4194:
4173:
4152:
4133:
4102:
4071:
4044:
4017:
3990:
3963:
3936:
3909:
3879:
3845:
3818:
3791:
3761:
3734:
3700:Quote:
3690:
3661:Quote:
3652:
3578:Quote:
3568:
3541:
3495:
3465:
3444:
3402:
3375:
3345:
3282:
3231:
3162:
3120:
3054:
2982:
2955:
2916:
2825:
2805:
2761:
2730:
2703:
2642:
2595:Moksha
2578:
2533:
2517:Anatta
2498:
2467:
2413:
2339:
2286:
2165:
2132:
2111:
2090:
2053:
2026:
1999:
1972:
1945:
1901:
1714:
1664:
1520:
1463:
1415:
1382:
1344:
1312:
1302:
1282:Boston
1278:Leiden
1143:bhakti
1083:asuras
1071:tiryak
1067:pretas
1063:niraya
1008:, and
951:Siddha
929:Advaya
923:style
909:moksha
875:, the
837:moksha
803:Vishnu
754:moksha
743:. The
714:bhakti
706:moksha
702:karmas
687:matter
654:moksha
639:Dhyāna
620:Bhakti
585:"jiva"
566:Anattā
554:moksha
550:Anattā
513:aṃsāra
444:svarga
408:While
347:Rishis
301:Moksha
254:moksha
209:spell
198:aṃsāra
171:Moksha
149:. The
11366:Lists
11327:Stupa
11200:Ganga
11169:Islam
11119:Japan
11039:North
11014:Delhi
11001:India
10982:JAINA
10964:Tamil
10959:Sarak
10719:Agama
10696:Tapas
10483:Death
10474:Mokṣa
10428:Ajiva
10401:Types
10396:Karma
10153:Islam
10131:India
10020:Bindi
10003:Other
9943:Ugadi
9938:Vishu
9771:Varna
9652:Tapas
9642:Yajna
9612:Murti
9546:Radha
9526:Durga
9521:Bhumi
9464:Surya
9444:Indra
9417:Shiva
9179:Other
9164:Kalpa
9054:Katha
8958:Vedas
8943:Śruti
8928:Texts
8858:Nyaya
8814:Damah
8804:Satya
8760:Artha
8738:Karma
8728:Atman
8682:Index
8546:Lists
8414:Kalpa
8409:Iddhi
8272:Music
8267:Mudra
8233:Vassa
8213:Vesak
8183:Budai
8129:Candi
8112:Stupa
8044:Logic
7797:Italy
7696:Tibet
7634:Nepal
7604:Korea
7599:Japan
7589:India
7584:China
7529:Sutra
7484:Texts
7434:Dōgen
7424:Hōnen
7409:Atiśa
7374:Zhiyi
7284:Achar
7252:Tulku
7247:Geshe
7232:Rōshi
7217:Ajahn
7172:Arhat
7132:Bodhi
7102:Vīrya
7019:Sacca
7014:Satya
7009:Sādhu
6997:Music
6940:Merit
6933:Terma
6893:Zazen
6829:Faith
6782:Mettā
6463:Karma
6423:Bardo
6390:Asita
6380:Khema
6370:Upāli
6355:Nanda
6193:(son)
6167:Māyā
6144:Films
6021:Index
5931:Yamas
5926:Viraj
5901:Tyāga
5836:Satya
5736:Mokṣa
5706:Karma
5661:Dhrti
5586:Ātman
5571:Artha
5375:Vyasa
5255:Vedas
5236:Minor
5083:Texts
4831:Nyaya
4822:Hindu
4792:Artha
4772:Logic
4131:JSTOR
2757:–33.
2492:Āgati
2175:Quote
2138:Quote
2117:Quote
2096:Quote
1660:–69.
1147:mukti
1103:amata
1079:devas
722:jñāna
718:karma
696:karma
691:Ātman
683:Ātman
679:Ātman
674:Ātman
558:Ātman
542:Ātman
456:marga
430:Atman
375:, or
281:Vedic
258:mukti
234:Saṃsṛ
206:karma
155:karma
127:Vedas
104:karma
98:, or
11409:Gods
10595:Tapa
10423:Jīva
10304:Gods
10195:List
10057:List
9984:Teej
9913:Bihu
9895:Onam
9843:Holi
9647:Homa
9627:Japa
9617:Puja
9577:more
9571:Sita
9556:Sati
9531:Kali
9480:more
9474:Vayu
9459:Rama
9424:Agni
9394:Gods
9074:Kena
9044:Isha
8853:Yoga
8819:Dayā
8809:Dāna
8779:Niti
8765:Kama
8733:Maya
8444:Pāḷi
8429:Māra
8339:Flag
7740:Iran
7664:Tuva
7609:Laos
7237:Lama
7085:Śīla
7053:Śīla
7041:Pīti
7031:Sati
6982:Puja
6903:Koan
6809:Dāna
6400:Yasa
6287:Tārā
5936:Yoga
5701:Kama
5681:Idam
5676:Hitā
5671:Guṇa
5636:Dāna
5521:Aham
4925:and
4906:Jain
4841:Yoga
4787:Kama
4668:ISBN
4643:ISBN
4618:ISBN
4585:ISBN
4564:ISBN
4545:ISBN
4526:ISBN
4505:ISBN
4484:ISBN
4463:ISBN
4442:ISBN
4423:ISBN
4404:ISBN
4383:ISBN
4362:ISBN
4341:ISBN
4320:ISBN
4299:ISBN
4278:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4234:ISBN
4213:ISBN
4192:ISBN
4171:ISBN
4150:ISBN
4100:ISBN
4069:ISBN
4042:ISBN
4015:ISBN
3988:ISBN
3961:ISBN
3934:ISBN
3907:ISBN
3877:ISBN
3843:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3789:ISBN
3759:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3688:ISBN
3650:ISBN
3566:ISBN
3539:ISBN
3493:ISBN
3463:ISBN
3442:ISBN
3400:ISBN
3373:ISBN
3343:ISBN
3280:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3160:ISBN
3118:ISBN
3052:ISBN
2980:ISBN
2953:ISBN
2914:ISBN
2893:2015
2823:ISBN
2803:ISBN
2759:ISBN
2728:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2496:ISBN
2465:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2284:ISBN
2163:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2024:ISBN
1997:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1878:2015
1712:ISBN
1662:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1310:ISSN
1300:ISBN
1280:and
1088:The
892:jiva
857:and
775:Maya
735:The
726:raja
575:The
546:Self
506:The
460:yoga
439:Maya
418:Jiva
352:Yama
141:and
63:Yama
53:can
11342:Law
11337:Art
11019:Goa
10069:Law
8166:Art
8102:Wat
6638:Zen
5816:Ṛta
5651:Dhi
4123:doi
3531:doi
2881:BBC
2755:131
2697:131
2672:doi
2550:to
1658:268
1405:doi
1376:148
1290:doi
871:In
845:).
823:'s
793:'s
780:Sat
663:In
544:or
458:or
268:or
230:saṃ
213:as
11474::
8903::
8846::
8718:Om
7668:ru
4824::
4666:.
4662:.
4641:.
4129:.
4117:.
3891:^
3857:^
3773:^
3698:;
3668:^
3576:,
3537:.
3507:^
3414:^
3357:^
3213:^
3174:^
3144:^
3102:^
2883:.
2879:.
2873:.
2861:^
2773:^
2668:22
2666:.
2654:^
2587:^
2494:.
2437:^
2364:,
2298:^
2218:^
2173:;
1913:^
1868:.
1862:.
1726:^
1676:^
1642:^
1616:^
1597:^
1585:^
1544:^
1502:^
1485:^
1471:^
1411:,
1378:.
1356:^
1322:^
1308:.
1298:.
1284::
1254:^
1239:^
1224:^
1203:^
1165:.
1109:.
1004:,
962:.
805:,
786:.
756:.
732:.
708:.
667:,
363:.
319:.
264:,
260:,
232:,
226:sṛ
217:.
181:.
173:,
110:.
94:,
10283:e
10276:t
10269:v
8648:e
8641:t
8634:v
7670:)
7666:(
6884:)
6880:(
5975:e
5968:t
5961:v
4735:e
4728:t
4721:v
4676:.
4651:.
4626:.
4593:.
4572:.
4553:.
4534:.
4513:.
4492:.
4471:.
4450:.
4431:.
4412:.
4391:.
4370:.
4349:.
4328:.
4307:.
4286:.
4265:.
4242:.
4221:.
4200:.
4179:.
4158:.
4137:.
4125::
4119:7
4108:.
4077:.
4050:.
4023:.
3996:.
3969:.
3942:.
3915:.
3885:.
3851:.
3824:.
3797:.
3767:.
3740:.
3696:.
3658:.
3574:.
3547:.
3533::
3501:.
3408:.
3381:.
3351:.
3288:.
3237:.
3168:.
3126:.
3060:.
2988:.
2961:.
2922:.
2895:.
2811:.
2767:.
2736:.
2709:.
2678:.
2674::
2648:.
2636:7
2504:.
2473:.
2419:.
2292:.
2171:.
2059:.
2032:.
2005:.
1978:.
1951:.
1907:.
1880:.
1720:.
1670:.
1526:.
1407::
1388:.
1350:.
1316:.
1292::
641:)
637:(
622:)
618:(
511:s
495:—
454:(
192:(
78:(
29:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
