1147:
1896:
1080:
2428:
1609:
2552:
2241:
159:
1029:
1076:
decree granting the manumission of
African wives of white settlers and their mixed-race children. In 1517, another decree freed the male slaves who had originally arrived on the island with the first colonists. After 1520, a royal charter allowed for property-owning, married, free mulattos to hold public offices. This was followed by a decree in 1546 establishing civil equality between these qualified mulattos and the white settlers, allowing free mulattos and black citizens opportunities for upward mobility and participation in local politics and business. Social divisions led to frequent disputes within the colony's town councils and with the governor and bishop, with constant political instability.
99:
1688:
1995:
930:
85:
2947:
3225:
6224:
2151:
2568:
3347:
1064:, Angola, and the Spanish Americas. In 1510, reportedly 10,000 to 12,000 slaves were imported by Portugal. In 1516, São Tomé received 4,072 slaves with the purpose of re-exportation. From 1519 to 1540, the island was the center of the slave trade between Elmina and the Niger Delta. Throughout the early to mid-sixteenth century, São Tomé traded in slaves intermittently with Angola and the Kingdom of Kongo. In 1525 São Tomé began trafficking slaves to the Spanish Americas, mainly to the Caribbean and Brazil. From 1532 to 1536, São Tomé sent an annual average of 342 slaves to the
2350:
1208:
6944:
1582:
9223:
2560:
2293:
1461:
2974:
Measurement
Initiative (HRMI) finds that Sao Tome and Principe is fulfilling only 83.8% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income. HRMI breaks down the right to education by looking at the rights to both primary education and secondary education. While taking into consideration Sao Tome and Principe's income level, the nation is achieving 90.4% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education but only 77.2% for secondary education.
2936:
574:
8928:
8284:
7824:
7159:
7171:
1416:
3239:
1228:
833:
6032:
599:
555:
540:
511:
496:
8104:
1330:, with the MLSTP becoming an important and vocal minority party. Municipal elections followed in late 1992, in which the MLSTP won a majority of seats on five of seven regional councils. In early legislative elections in October 1994, the MLSTP won a plurality of seats in the assembly. It regained an outright majority of seats in the November 1998 elections.
1096:
system did not last long following the introduction of plantations. Throughout, slaves frequently ran away to the inhospitable mountain forests of the island's interior. Between 1514 and 1527, five percent of slaves that were imported to São Tomé escaped, often to starve, though 1531–1535 saw major food shortages even in the plantations. Eventually, the
3875:"As roças vâo em crescimento e os engenhos de açticaragora somente dois e fazem-se très com o dos tratadores [conassi há grande aparelho, assi de ribeiras como de lenha, par canas, as mais façanhosas que em minha vida vi": Letter from Segura to the monarch, 15 March 1517, in Antonio Brásio, édAfricana (hereinafter referred to as
2237:, but mainly grew due to government spending driven by foreign loans. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average rate of 5.5% between 2009 and 2017, but has slowed since 2014. The slowdown in economic growth was caused by lower government spending due to decreased foreign loans and decreased revenue government tax.
2980:
The educational system has a shortage of classrooms, insufficiently trained and underpaid teachers, inadequate textbooks and materials, high rates of repetition, poor educational planning and management, and a lack of community involvement in school management. Domestic financing of the school system
2130:
Other than agriculture, the main economic activities are fishing and a small industrial sector engaged in processing local agricultural products and producing a few basic consumer goods. The scenic islands have potential for tourism, and the government is attempting to improve its rudimentary tourist
1848:
and some
Portuguese patrol boats are permanently stationed on the coast of São Tomé and Príncipe. The economy of São Tomé and Príncipe is closely linked to that of Portugal, with Portugal accounting for more than 50% of exports from São Tomé and Príncipe. Portugal has also helped to develop education
1138:
began to hurt the islands. The large enslaved population also proved difficult to control, with
Portugal unable to invest many resources in the effort. Sugar cultivation thus declined over the next 100 years, and by the mid-17th century, São Tomé had become primarily a transit point for ships engaged
2973:
Among sub-Saharan
African countries, São Tomé and Príncipe has one of the highest literacy rates. According to The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency as of 2018, 92.8% of the population age 15 and over can read and write in São Tomé and Príncipe were respectively literate. The Human Rights
2583:
Nearly all citizens are descended from people from different countries taken to the islands by the
Portuguese from 1470 onwards. In the 1970s, two significant population movements occurred — the exodus of most of the 4,000 Portuguese residents and the influx of several hundred São Tomé refugees from
2039:
In 1977, two years after independence, the country was divided into two provinces (São Tomé Province and Príncipe
Province) and six districts. Since the new constitution was adopted in 1990, the provinces have been abolished, and the districts are the only administrative subdivisions. Since 29 April
1303:
The new
Portuguese regime was committed to the dissolution of its overseas colonies. In November 1974, its representatives met with the MLSTP in Algiers and worked out an agreement for the transfer of sovereignty. After a period of transitional government, São Tomé and Príncipe achieved independence
1044:
São Tomé would only become economically noteworthy with the introduction of a water-powered sugar mill in 1515, which soon led to the mass cultivation of sugar: "The fields are expanding and the sugar mills, too. At this time, only two sugar mills are here and another three are being built, counting
787:
was heavily dependent upon enslaved
Africans. Cycles of social unrest and economic instability throughout the 19th and 20th centuries culminated in peaceful independence in 1975. São Tomé and Príncipe has since remained one of Africa's most stable and democratic countries. São Tomé and Príncipe is a
2146:
In the 1980s and 1990s, the economy of São Tomé encountered major difficulties. Economic growth stagnated, and cocoa exports dropped in both value and volume, creating large balance-of-payments deficits. Plantation land was seized, resulting in the complete collapse of cocoa production. At the same
2126:
Domestic food-crop production is inadequate to meet local consumption, so the country imports most of its food. As of 1997, an estimated 90% of the country's food needs were met through imports. Efforts have been made by the government in recent years to expand food production, and several projects
1125:
recruited 5,000 slaves to raid and destroy plantations, sugar mills, and settler houses. Amador's rebellion made three raids on the town and destroyed 60 of the island's 85 sugar mills, but they were defeated by the militia after three weeks. Two hundred slaves were killed in combat, and Amador and
1117:
by a wealthy mulatto planter named Ana de Chaves. With the support of de Chaves, the two men petitioned the king to be declared free, and the request was approved. The largest population of maroons coincided with the sugar boom of the mid-16th century, as the plantations teemed with slaves. Between
1112:
The first signs of slave rebellion began in the 1530s, when the maroon gangs organized to attack plantations, some of which were abandoned. A formal complaint was lodged by local
Portuguese authorities in 1531 lamenting that too many settlers and black citizens were being killed in the attacks, and
1016:
The cultivation of sugar was a labour-intensive process and the Portuguese began to enslave large numbers of Africans from the continent. In the sugar boom's early stages, property on the islands had little value, with farming for local consumption while the economy relied mainly on the transit of
2536:
São Tomé and Príncipe imports mostly machines, mainly electric generators and computers, and food, mainly wine, wheat, rice, milk, and soy oil, from Portugal. In addition, São Tomé and Príncipe also imports considerable quantities of cars, soap, and iron from Portugal. Portugal mainly buys scrap
2203:
in July 2003 and subsequent emergency spending. Following the truce, the IMF decided to send a mission to São Tomé to evaluate the macroeconomic state of the country. This evaluation is ongoing, reportedly pending oil legislation to determine how the government will manage incoming oil revenues,
1918:
has had relations with São Tomé and Príncipe since 1975 and has offered millions of dollars in financial aid packages to São Tomé and Príncipe. The financial aid packages were designed to develop the country's infrastructure and improve its fiscal, tax and customs administration. In addition, in
1075:
and black citizens in governance. Voluntary colonists shunned São Tomé for its disease and food shortages, so the Portuguese crown deported convicts to the island and encouraged interracial relationships to secure the colony. Slavery was also not permanent, as demonstrated through the 1515 royal
2279:
In terms of business, the government of São Tomé and Príncipe has passed several laws that facilitate the creation of private businesses and foreign investments. Between 2015 and 2019 the number of businesses and small businesses increased greatly. This has led to a decrease in unemployment, an
1095:
At first, slavery in São Tomé was less strict. In the mid-16th century, an anonymous Portuguese pilot noted that the slaves were employed as couples, built their own accommodations, and worked autonomously once a week on the cultivation of their own food supply. However, this more relaxed slave
1194:
contract workers were being subjected to forced labour and unsatisfactory working conditions. Sporadic labor unrest and dissatisfaction continued well into the 20th century, culminating in an outbreak of riots in 1953 in which several hundred African laborers were killed in a clash with their
1600:
At sea level, the climate is tropical—hot and humid with average yearly temperatures of about 26 °C (78.8 °F) and little daily variation. The temperature rarely rises beyond 32 °C (89.6 °F). At the interior's higher elevations, the average yearly temperature is 20 °C
2122:
Since the 19th century, the economy of São Tomé and Príncipe has been based on plantation agriculture. At the time of independence, Portuguese-owned plantations occupied 90% of the cultivated area. After independence, control of these plantations passed to various state-owned agricultural
2123:
enterprises. The main crop on São Tomé is cocoa, representing about 54% of agricultural exports. In the early 1900s, São Tomé and Príncipe was the world's largest exporter of cocoa and popularly known as the "Chocolate Islands". Other export crops include copra, palm kernels, and coffee.
1712:, the supreme organ of the state and the highest legislative body, is made up of 55 members, who are elected for a four-year term and meet semiannually. Justice is administered at the highest level by the Supreme Court. The judiciary is independent under the current constitution.
2341:, were announced in April 2004, with São Tomé to take in 40% of the $ 123 million bid, and Nigeria the other 60%. Bids on other blocks were still under consideration in October 2004. São Tomé has received more than $ 2 million from the bank to develop its petroleum sector.
1113:
that the island would be lost if the problem remained unresolved. In a 1533 'bush war', a 'bush captain' led militia units to suppress the maroons. A significant event in the maroon fight for freedom occurred in 1549, when two men claiming to be free-born were taken in from the
3581:
1883:
to São Tomé and Príncipe. In addition, hundreds of Angolan tourists visit São Tomé and Príncipe every year, contributing to the local economy. There is a relatively large community of Angolans in São Tomé and Príncipe. São Tomé and Príncipe maintains an embassy in
3437:
148:
2248:
The biggest challenges for the economy of São Tomé and Príncipe are a limited workforce, the fact that São Tomé and Príncipe is an archipelago, a small domestic market, climatic fluctuations, global warming, scarce diplomatic resources and poverty.
1118:
1587 and 1590, many of the runaway slaves were defeated in another bush war. By 1593, the governor declared the maroon forces almost completely extinguished. Nevertheless, maroon populations kept settlers away from the southern and western regions.
1827:
has historical ties with São Tomé and Príncipe, from the period of colonization by the Portuguese. Portugal is the largest investor in São Tomé and Príncipe, investing millions of euros in the economy. São Tomé and Príncipe maintains an embassy in
2466:
In 2018, imports to São Tomé and Príncipe totalled 161 million dollars. Since 2013, imports have been decreasing, albeit at a slow pace, since in 2013 imports totalled 167 million euros. A fifth of imports to São Tomé and Príncipe corresponded to
995:. 2,000 Jewish children, eight years old and under, were taken from the Iberian peninsula for work on the sugar plantations. In time, these settlers found the volcanic soil of the region suitable for agriculture, especially the growing of sugar.
1349:
In July 2003, the army seized power for one week, complaining of corruption and that forthcoming oil revenues would not be divided fairly. An accord was negotiated under which President de Menezes was returned to office. In March 2006, the
991:, who received the land as a grant from the crown. Príncipe was settled in 1500 under a similar arrangement. Attracting settlers proved difficult, however, and most of the earliest inhabitants were "undesirables" sent from Portugal, mostly
2288:
The tourism sector has great potential to be a way of diversifying the country's economy. This sector has been expanding with the increase of foreign investment. Large resorts have been built on the beaches of São Tomé and Príncipe.
2830:
national language of São Tomé and Príncipe, with about 98.4% speaking it, a significant share as their native language, and it has been spoken in the islands since the end of the 15th century. Restructured variants of Portuguese or
1895:
6183:
2169:, as well as in the agricultural, commercial, banking, and tourism sectors. The focus of economic reform since the early 1990s has been widespread privatization, especially of the state-run agricultural and industrial sectors.
1017:
slaves, though already many foodstuffs were imported. When the local landowner Álvaro Borges died in 1504, his cleared land and domesticated animals were sold for only 13,000 réis, about the price of three slaves. According to
2376:
In 2018, exports from São Tomé and Príncipe totaled 24 million euros, an increase of 118% in 5 years, as in 2013 exports from São Tomé and Príncipe totaled only 11 million euros. Half of São Tomé and Príncipe's exports are
1705:, and must gain an outright majority to be elected. The president may hold up to two consecutive terms. The prime minister is appointed by the president, and the 14 members of the cabinet are chosen by the prime minister.
1161:
system, which gave the plantation managers a high degree of authority, led to abuses against the African farm workers. Although Portugal officially abolished slavery in 1876, the practice of forced paid labour continued.
3433:
5041:
4604:
4659:
1045:
the mill of the contractors, which is large. Similarly, the necessary conditions exist, such as streams and timber, to be able to build many more. And the canes are the biggest I have ever seen in my life." Sugar
8277:
3348:
3835:
Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (hereinafter cited as TT), Corpo Cronológico, II, 15–77, inventory of the assets belonging to Álvaro Borges, 4 November 1507, a published copy of which is found in PMA, vol. V,
1319:, a former prime minister who had been in exile since 1986, returned as an independent candidate and was elected president. Trovoada was re-elected in São Tomé's second multiparty presidential election in 1996.
2579:
The total population was estimated at 201,800 in May 2018 by the government agency. About 193,380 people live on São Tomé and 8,420 on Príncipe. The natural population increase is about 4,000 people per year.
2329:. After a lengthy series of negotiations, in April 2003, the joint development zone (JDZ) was opened for bids by international oil firms. The JDZ was divided into nine blocks; the winning bids for block one,
1441:
over the ruling Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP/PSD) of Prime Minister Jorge Bom Jesus. In November of the same year, the government and military thwarted
8882:
1927:
on the island of São Tomé. São Tomé and Príncipe accepted the construction of the base, but the plan was canceled due to US political and financial issues. In 1992, the US federal government broadcaster,
11231:
1346:, was elected in the first round and inaugurated on 3 September. Parliamentary elections were held in March 2002. For the next four years, a series of short-lived opposition-led governments was formed.
11241:
2252:
For long-term economic growth, the government is trying to stimulate various sectors of the economy, diversify the economy, cut government spending and encourage private sector and foreign investment.
2221:
Portugal remains one of São Tomé's major trading partners, particularly as a source of imports. Food, manufactured articles, machinery, and transportation equipment are imported primarily from the EU.
146:
1589:
The climate of São Tomé and Príncipe is essentially conditioned by its geographic location, subject to the seasonal translation of low equatorial pressures, the monsoon winds from the south, the warm
1154:
In the early 19th century, two new cash crops, coffee and cocoa, were introduced. By 1908, São Tomé had become the world's largest producer of cocoa, which remains the country's most important crop.
1519:
on the coast of Gulf of Guinea. São Tomé is 50 km (30 mi) long and 30 km (20 mi) wide and the more mountainous of the two islands. Its peaks reach 2,024 m (6,640 ft) –
158:
11226:
4542:
3607:
4581:
809:. The legacy of Portuguese rule is also visible in the country's culture, customs, and music, which fuse European and African influences. São Tomé and Príncipe is a founding member state of the
147:
1932:, and the government of São Tomé signed a long-term agreement to establish a relay broadcasting station in São Tomé. Voice of America currently broadcasts to much of Africa from this facility.
1844:. Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe signed an agreement, in which Portugal patrols the coastal area of São Tomé and Príncipe, protecting it mainly from pirates. The Portuguese military ship
1527:. Swift streams radiating down the mountains through lush forest and cropland to the sea cross both islands. The Equator lies immediately south of São Tomé Island, passing through the islet
8118:
1126:
the other rebel leaders were executed, while the rest of the slaves were granted amnesty and returned to their plantation. Smaller slave rebellions followed in the 17th and 18th centuries.
4503:
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4416:
4476:
8337:
5015:
3703:
Stojković, Dragan (November 2020). "Najmanje države na svijetu: Sv. Toma i Princip (džepni globus)" [Smallest Countries in the World: São Tomé and Príncipe (The Pocket Globe)].
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in the country are in the city of São Tomé and Neves, both on the island of São Tomé, which were very degraded before being modernized in 2014. Close to the city of São Tomé, the
1719:, there are guarantees on freedom of speech and the freedom to form opposition political parties. São Tomé and Príncipe finished 11th out of the African countries measured by the
945:. Over time, interactions with seawater and periods of eruption have engendered a wide variety of different igneous and volcanic rocks on the islands with complex assemblages of
7878:
6110:
3845:
Th. Monod, A. Teixeira da Mota, and R. Mauny, eds., Description de la Côte Occidentale d'Afrique par Valentim Fernandes (Bissau: Centro de Estudos da Guiñé Portuguesa, 1951), 11
2381:. One fifth of exports are electrical machines. Other considerable exports are parts of airplanes, cars, iron, plastics and agricultural products (pepper, oils, nuts and beef).
2192:, the IMF approved a poverty-reduction and growth facility for São Tomé aimed at reducing inflation to 3% for 2001, raising ideal growth to 4%, and reducing the fiscal deficit.
1628:
6137:
5037:
2134:
Following independence, the country had a centrally directed economy, with most means of production owned and controlled by the state. The original constitution guaranteed a
1965:
are important partners in São Tomé and Príncipe; many companies in these countries have establishments and businesses in São Tomé and Príncipe. Because these countries speak
1950:
has contributed to improving the health and education system in São Tomé and Príncipe. Brazilian television channels and films are the most watched in São Tomé and Príncipe.
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4643:
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1923:
ships have visited São Tomé and Príncipe, providing medical and military training to soldiers from São Tomé and Príncipe. In 2002, the US had plans to establish a small
1443:
1068:. Prior to 1580, the island accounted for 75 percent of Brazil's imports, mainly slaves. The slave trade remained a cornerstone of São Tomé's economy until after 1600.
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Education in São Tomé and Príncipe is compulsory for six years. Primary school enrollment and attendance rates were unavailable for São Tomé and Príncipe as of 2001.
4824:
6246:
1909:
1315:, and changes to the constitution—including the legalization of opposition political parties—led to elections in 1991 that were non-violent, free, and transparent.
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3640:
463:
6578:
6413:
6150:
3727:"The Expulsion 1492 Chronicles, section XI: "The Vale of Tears", quoting Joseph Hacohen (1496–1577); also, section XVII, quoting 16th-century author Samuel Usque"
3257:
1056:, the Niger Delta, the island of Fernando Po, and later from the Kongo and Angola. In the 16th century, the enslaved were imported from and exported to Portugal,
8931:
5931:
Frynas, Jędrzej George, Geoffrey Wood, and Ricardo MS Soares de Oliveira. "Business and politics in São Tomé e Príncipe: from cocoa monoculture to petro‐state."
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Amorim Neto, Octávio; Costa Lobo, Marina (2010). "Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries".
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Seibert, Gerhard (2013). "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics". In Law, Robin; Strickrodt, Silke; Schwarz, Suzanne (eds.).
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in southern São Tomé. It rises over 300 m (1,000 ft) above the surrounding terrain and the summit is 663 m (2,175 ft) above sea level.
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mean score of 6.64/10, ranking it 68th globally out of 172 countries. São Tomé and Príncipe does not have a large number of native mammals (although the
1323:
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6408:
4526:
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The greatest slave revolt occurred in July 1595, when the government was weakened by disputes between the bishop and the governor. A native slave named
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were organized with slave labor, and by the mid-16th century, the Portuguese settlers had turned the islands into Africa's foremost exporter of sugar.
6547:
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1759:
1709:
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1327:
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5921:– Overview of the decolonization of Portugal's African colonies, and a chapter specifically about São Tomé and Príncipe's experience since the 1970s.
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98:
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was expanded and modernized. The telephone system and the road network are good by African standards. Cellphones are widely used and improving. The
2117:
1773:
1146:
370:
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1369:. Local elections, the first since 1992, took place on 27 August 2006 and were dominated by members of the ruling coalition. On 12 February 2009, a
941:
The islands making up São Tomé and Príncipe were formed around approximately 30 million years ago due to volcanic activity in deep water along the
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6261:
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In response to its economic downturn, the government undertook a series of far-reaching economic reforms. In 1987, the government implemented an
1860:
In September 2022, Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe signed a new cooperation agreement for defence, bolstering training and maritime security.
1288:
By the late 1950s, when other emerging nations across the African continent demanded their independence, a small group of São Toméans formed the
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2599:, or "mixed-blood", are descendants of Portuguese colonists and African slaves brought to the islands during the early years of settlement from
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was attempted to overthrow President Fradique de Menezes. The plotters were imprisoned, but later received a pardon from President de Menezes.
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The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe were uninhabited when the Portuguese arrived sometime around 1470. The first Europeans to put ashore were
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3173:, are significant components of the cuisine. The use of hot spices is prominent in São Tomése cuisine. Coffee is used in various dishes as a
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visit São Tomé and Príncipe, helping the local economy. Relations between Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe have improved over the years.
1849:
in São Tomé and Príncipe, financially helping to build and maintain the Public University of São Tomé and Príncipe. The Portuguese President
1401:, the leader of the Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe-Partido Social Democráta (MLSTP-PSD), was sworn in as new prime minister.
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876:
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436:
104:
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7493:
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2018:
610:
6369:
4382:
11221:
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Keese, Alexander. "Forced labour in the 'Gorgulho Years': Understanding reform and repression in Rural São Tomé e Príncipe, 1945–1953."
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741:. With a population of 201,800 (2018 official estimate), São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest and second-least populous African
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17:
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is a musical dance performance that tells a dramatic story. The danço-Congo is similarly a combination of music, dance, and theatre.
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In 2001, São Tomé and Nigeria reached an agreement on joint exploration for petroleum in waters claimed by the two countries of the
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increase in exports, and the creation of several manufacturers. In the coming years significant economic improvements are expected.
1989:
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is the central bank, responsible for monetary policy and bank supervision. Six banks are in the country; the largest and oldest is
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4761:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"
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Ivor Wilks and Akan Wangara (January 1997). "Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries". In Peter John Bakewell (ed.).
1746:, although in recent years this level has been decreasing. In tourism terms, the risk is low, equivalent to the risk of visiting
965:. Portuguese navigators explored the islands and decided that they would be good locations for bases to trade with the mainland.
865:
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has decreased dramatically and the vast majority of the population already has access to piped water and access to electricity.
771:. The rich volcanic soil and proximity to the equator made São Tomé and Príncipe ideal for sugar cultivation, followed later by
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1523:. Príncipe is about 30 km (20 mi) long and 6 km (4 mi) wide. Its peaks reach 948 m (3,110 ft) –
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Tomás, Gil, et al. "The peopling of Sao Tome (Gulf of Guinea): origins of slave settlers and admixture with the Portuguese."
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2368:. It had a monopoly on commercial banking until a change in the banking law in 2003 led to the entry of several other banks.
6532:
6223:
5806:
5096:
3854:
Caldeira, Arlindo Manuel. "LEARNING THE ROPES IN THE TROPICS: SLAVERY AND THE PLANTATION SYSTEM ON THE ISLAND OF SÃO TOMÉ."
3814:
Caldeira, Arlindo Manuel. "LEARNING THE ROPES IN THE TROPICS: SLAVERY AND THE PLANTATION SYSTEM ON THE ISLAND OF SÃO TOMÉ."
737:, about 150 km (93.21 mi) apart and about 250 and 225 km (155 and 140 mi) off the northwestern coast of
90:
7672:
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4862:
4360:
3636:
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1924:
6592:
6388:
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7757:
7752:
7483:
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6276:
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3629:
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2310:
1720:
1397:
became prime minister in 2014; he is also the leader of the Independent Democratic Action party (ADI). In December 2018,
1354:
period ended, when a propresidential coalition won enough seats in National Assembly elections to form a new government.
6456:
621:
11216:
11196:
11186:
11092:
7316:
5185:
1601:(68 °F), and nights are generally cool. Annual rainfall varies from 7,000 mm (275.6 in) in the highland
5613:"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries"
5499:
2240:
2207:
In parallel, some efforts have been made to incentivize private tourism initiatives, but their scope remains limited.
10678:
6631:
5918:
5860:
5841:
5682:
5335:
5319:
5165:
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3354:
3206:
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916:
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7652:
7585:
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6722:
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5967:
3469:
2094:
2041:
2034:
890:
11087:
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and has made great progress on most social indicators. All children in São Tomé and Príncipe are enrolled in the
2196:
1643:). The islands are home to a larger number of endemic birds and plants, including the world's smallest ibis (the
984:("Prince's Island"), in reference to the Prince of Portugal to whom duties on the island's sugar crop were paid.
801:
767:
and settled throughout the 16th century, they collectively served as a vital commercial and trade centre for the
10957:
2631:
are reputedly descendants of Angolan slaves who survived a 1540 shipwreck and now earn their livelihood fishing.
8892:
8867:
7580:
7298:
3665:
1253:
976:) 1472, for Príncipe, though other sources cite different years around that time. Príncipe was initially named
854:
39:
1472:
The two islands that make up what is called São Tomé and Príncipe were formed 30 million years ago during the
1025:"from which they already produce molasses," but the island lacked facilities for industrial sugar production.
10911:
10872:
8313:
7804:
7632:
7620:
7363:
7275:
1777:
1339:
693:
1071:
The power dynamics of São Tomé in the 16th century were surprisingly diverse with the participation of free
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10885:
10859:
7719:
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7657:
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7226:
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The São Toméan government has traditionally obtained foreign assistance from various donors, including the
1184:
1172:
659:
5988:
5225:
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8623:
7695:
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7331:
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5998:
4250:
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2159:
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which are still poorly defined, but in any case expected to change the economic situation dramatically.
7742:
7547:
7254:
5979:
3092:
São Tomé and Príncipe's Portuguese-language literature and poetry is considered some of the richest in
1994:
1791:, also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth, an international organization and political association of
1053:
637:
5450:
3101:
11211:
7700:
1404:
In September 2021, the candidate of the centre-right opposition Independent Democratic Action (ADI),
1351:
1168:
documented in words and pictures the continued use of slaves in São Tomé in its 13 March 1897 issue.
1032:
43:
7838:
5834:
Comrades, Clients, and Cousins: Colonialism, Socialism, and Democratization in São Tomé and Príncipe
4948:
4322:
3104:
is considered one of the country's most influential writers. Other notable literary figures include
1446:, after Patrice Trovoada was appointed Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe by Carlos Vila Nova.
1433:
In September 2022, the opposition Independent Democratic Action (ADI), led by former prime minister
1361:, Fradique de Menezes easily won a second five-year term in office, defeating two other candidates,
929:
8412:
8306:
7737:
7381:
7239:
6707:
5710:""Negro de todo o mundo...": Francisco José Tenreiro's work as a precursor of "lusophone" concepts"
2185:
2138:, with privately owned cooperatives combined with publicly owned property and means of production.
1980:
has invested in some road and seaport projects but investments have been stalling in recent years.
1853:
visited São Tomé and Príncipe in 2018 to demonstrate the strong economic and cultural ties between
1238:
1088:
322:
5307:
4985:
4884:
4238:
Comrades, Clients and Cousins: Colonialism, Socialism and Democratization in São Tomé and Príncipe
3056:
may have played an integral part in the development of these rhythms and their associated dances.
225:
11206:
8872:
8298:
7809:
7799:
7537:
5539:
2925:
2471:(mainly from Angola). Other important imports, in order of importance, were cars, rice, cereals,
2261:
1850:
1735:
1727:
1605:
to 800 mm (31.5 in) in the northern lowlands. The rainy season is from October to May.
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7195:
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2082:
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By 1515, São Tomé and Príncipe had become slave depots for the coastal slave trade centered at
519:
471:
7124:
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5936:
5732:
5247:
4203:
3496:
1393:. President Carvalho is also vice president of the Independent Democratic Action party (ADI).
135:
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9385:
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8432:
8237:
7560:
7532:
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6298:
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4150:
4141:
SEIBERT, GERHARD. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
4126:
4117:
SEIBERT, GERHARD. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
4081:
SEIBERT, GERHARD. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
4044:
Seibert, Gerhard. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
4023:
SEIBERT, GERHARD. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
3995:
SEIBERT, GERHARD. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
3950:
SEIBERT, GERHARD. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
3908:
SEIBERT, GERHARD. "São Tomé & Príncipe: The First Plantation Economy in the Tropics." In
2913:
2608:
2273:
2162:
1520:
1390:
1305:
1190:
In the early 20th century, an internationally publicized controversy arose over charges that
958:
756:
4500:"Patrice Trovoada takes office as Prime minister of Sao Tome and Principe – Medafrica Times"
4145:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 65. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
4121:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 64. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
4085:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 63. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
4048:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 60. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
4027:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 59. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
3999:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 68. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
3954:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 67. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
3912:, edited by Law Robin, Schwarz Suzanne, and Strickrodt Silke, 66. Boydell and Brewer, 2013.
2150:
2044:, coterminous with the district of Pagué. The larger island of São Tomé is divided into six
10536:
10071:
9283:
8669:
7527:
6288:
6021:
4772:
3198:
2326:
2195:
In late 2000, São Tomé qualified for significant debt reduction under the IMF–World Bank's
1652:
1140:
768:
753:
730:
31:
2567:
2435:
In the last 10 years, the countries in which the value of exports increased the most were
1715:
São Tomé and Príncipe has functioned under a multiparty system since 1990. With regard to
1495:
about 300 and 250 km (190 and 160 mi), respectively, off the northwest coast of
8:
10934:
10556:
8908:
8725:
8232:
8004:
6985:
6968:
6520:
5586:
5405:
3514:"Africa :: Sao Tome and Principe — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
3383:
3371:
3117:
3109:
2844:
2823:
2234:
1970:
1796:
1739:
1636:
1343:
1164:
643:
70:
5709:
5350:
4776:
4280:
4172:
1581:
1524:
11251:
10467:
9048:
8913:
8710:
7778:
7731:
5993:
5887:
4914:
4801:
4760:
4736:
4703:
4146:
4122:
4086:
4049:
4028:
4000:
3955:
3913:
3859:
3819:
3548:
3464:
3392:
3388:
3069:
3009:
2852:
2559:
2349:
2062:
1698:
1644:
1594:
1488:, dating to 3 million years, have been used for plantation crops since colonial times.
1135:
1018:
969:
934:
784:
250:
6616:
6178:
5870:
Vogt, John L. (1973). "The Early Sao Tome-Principe Slave Trade with Mina, 1500–1540".
4090:
4053:
4032:
4004:
3959:
3917:
3181:. Breakfast dishes are often reheated leftovers from the previous evening's meal, and
1738:, São Tomé and Príncipe was ranked 56th among electoral democracies worldwide and 5th
1535:
1528:
1465:
1196:
10353:
9636:
9629:
9583:
9458:
9352:
9094:
9035:
8973:
8715:
8452:
7979:
7908:
7565:
7264:
7170:
6743:
5914:
5856:
5837:
5770:
5331:
5315:
5253:
5161:
5127:"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"
4806:
4788:
4741:
4723:
4649:
4610:
4571:
4532:
3792:
3767:
3757:
3492:
3105:
2832:
2468:
2131:
industry infrastructure. The government sector accounts for about 11% of employment.
1962:
1512:
1378:
1207:
973:
5924:
Eyzaguirre, Pablo B. "The independence of São Tomé e Príncipe and agrarian reform."
5557:
2072:
1371:
1366:
1296:. Picking up momentum in the 1960s, events moved quickly after the overthrow of the
988:
11112:
10602:
10578:
10546:
9998:
9593:
8201:
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8191:
7244:
5879:
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4731:
4715:
3976:
3934:
3889:
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2671:
2265:
2215:
2002:
São Tomé and Príncipe's military is small and consists of four branches: the Army (
1929:
1731:
1662:
1434:
1405:
1362:
1176:
1061:
563:
356:
341:
5802:
2940:
2292:
2067:
1661:. São Tomé and Príncipe is an important marine turtle-nesting site, including the
1426:
10924:
10846:
10200:
9182:
8857:
8507:
8265:
8247:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
7163:
7072:
6659:
6115:
6096:
6011:
5685:. United Nations Education, Scintific and Cultural Organization. 11 August 2021.
5570:
5311:
4409:"Opposition candidate Carlos Vila Nova wins Sao Tome presidency: partial results"
4352:
3786:
3005:
2985:
2887:
2856:
2840:
2675:
2269:
2229:
In the past few years, the economy of São Tomé and Príncipe has grown, driven by
2077:
1966:
1845:
1398:
1316:
1312:
1297:
1180:
1097:
742:
6074:– President of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (official site)
4858:
2509:
In the last 10 years, the value of imports increased most from the countries of
2475:, electronic equipment, chemicals, clothing, meat, medical equipment, and wood.
2199:
initiative. The reduction is being reevaluated by the IMF, due to the attempted
962:
10477:
10316:
9759:
9719:
9415:
9143:
9022:
8705:
8079:
7969:
7249:
7234:
7109:
7093:
6256:
5906:
5038:"Portugal and São Tomé e Príncipe sign a new cooperation agreement for Defence"
4784:
3244:
3158:
2848:
2385:
1920:
1590:
1516:
1492:
1460:
722:
718:
714:
245:
5286:
Turismo em Meio Insular Africano: Potencialidades, constrangimentos e impactos
3971:
Vogt, John L. "The Early Sao Tome-Principe Slave Trade with Mina, 1500–1540."
3929:
Vogt, John L. "The Early Sao Tome-Principe Slave Trade with Mina, 1500–1540."
3884:
Vogt, John L. "The Early Sao Tome-Principe Slave Trade with Mina, 1500–1540."
3726:
2935:
1491:
The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, situated in the equatorial Atlantic and
11170:
11152:
11139:
10326:
10282:
9913:
9800:
9081:
8628:
8477:
8084:
7913:
7218:
7175:
6783:
6306:
6006:
5008:"Marcelo faz visita de Estado a S.Tomé e Príncipe entre 20 e 22 de fevereiro"
4792:
4727:
3771:
3065:
2596:
2491:
2421:
2338:
2330:
2135:
1915:
1889:
1841:
1781:
1769:
1702:
1648:
1560:
1547:
1539:
1500:
1477:
1304:
on 12 July 1975, choosing as the first president the MLSTP Secretary General
1216:
1129:
942:
760:
686:
282:
205:
192:
184:
10677:
1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent
4719:
3693:
Instituto Nacional de Estadística de São Tomé e Príncipe, as of 13 May 2018.
2478:
About 51%, more than half of the imports of São Tomé and Príncipe come from
1871:
is a major business partner mainly in the area of natural energy resources;
10503:
9863:
9683:
9395:
8382:
6893:
6883:
6687:
5491:
4810:
4745:
3134:
3097:
2836:
1723:
in 2010, a comprehensive reflection of the levels of governance in Africa.
1602:
1421:
1084:
806:
377:
270:
240:
3193:
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in São Tomé and Principe, the
1969:, the language has become important in the business sector (together with
10789:
10269:
10246:
10233:
9979:
9843:
9749:
8785:
8587:
8567:
8487:
8009:
7067:
6898:
6788:
5962:
Weszkalnys, Gisa. "Hope & oil: expectations in São Tomé e Príncipe."
3138:
3113:
2916:, which in turn retains close ties with the church in Portugal. Sizeable
2448:
2389:
2260:
São Tomé and Príncipe outperforms the sub-Saharan Africa average on the
2230:
1880:
776:
726:
9295:
6271:
3863:
3823:
2165:
program, and invited greater private participation in management of the
734:
35:
11057:
11031:
10633:
10583:
9923:
9883:
9506:
9438:
8760:
8755:
8649:
8582:
8522:
8512:
8502:
8407:
8128:
8019:
7933:
7918:
7903:
7773:
6974:
6878:
6843:
6828:
6813:
6768:
6702:
5528:(in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Lisbon: Edições Gailivro. pp. 45 46.
2917:
2897:
2648:
2644:
2378:
2334:
2177:
1941:
1743:
1730:, with very high freedom of speech, high political freedom and average
1697:
The president of the republic is elected to a five-year term by direct
1468:
is a landmark needle-shaped volcanic plug peak in São Tomé and Príncipe
1311:
In 1990, São Tomé became one of the first African countries to undergo
1122:
1046:
987:
The first successful settlement of São Tomé was established in 1493 by
857: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
780:
746:
276:
9306:
7051:
5891:
5853:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
5612:
4704:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"
4143:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
4119:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
4083:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
4046:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
4025:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
3997:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
3952:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
3910:
Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa
2981:
is lacking, leaving the system highly dependent on foreign financing.
2451:. There was a sharp decrease in exports from São Tomé and Príncipe to
1504:
10292:
10102:
9156:
9130:
9058:
8745:
8740:
8685:
8527:
8242:
8024:
7954:
7868:
6833:
3712:
3182:
3178:
3162:
2563:
São Tomé and Príncipe's population in thousands between 1961 and 2003
2409:
1876:
1802:
The countries with the best relations with São Tomé and Príncipe are
1792:
1485:
1473:
1415:
772:
8942:
8278:
International organizations with Portuguese as an official languages
1499:, constitute Africa's second-smallest country. Both are part of the
1227:
832:
11232:
Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
10779:
10526:
10389:
10366:
10343:
10190:
10154:
9774:
9405:
9169:
8887:
8811:
8780:
8775:
8442:
8437:
8397:
8392:
8377:
8059:
7923:
6933:
6908:
6758:
6753:
6732:
6697:
6682:
6603:
5983:
5883:
3980:
3938:
3893:
3053:
2522:
2510:
2479:
2436:
2393:
2314:
1958:
1899:
Santomean personnel undergo medical training with US Naval corpsmen
1854:
1824:
1803:
1640:
1065:
681:
625:
390:
11242:
Countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language
11044:
8328:
5492:"Sao Tome and Principe (STP) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners"
5180:
2431:
The most important import partners of São Tomé and Príncipe (2018)
968:
The dates of European arrival are sometimes given as 21 December (
10727:
10656:
10613:
10490:
10223:
10117:
9820:
9769:
9549:
9480:
9428:
9375:
9071:
8795:
8790:
8765:
8720:
8700:
8690:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8577:
8557:
8542:
8532:
8497:
8422:
8387:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8089:
8054:
8049:
8034:
7989:
7949:
7140:
7119:
7088:
7046:
6918:
6888:
6873:
6858:
6848:
6838:
6803:
6798:
6748:
6717:
6692:
6667:
5389:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: Editorial Estampa. pp. 22 23 24 26.
4469:"Sao Tome and Principe government thwarts overnight coup attempt"
4065:
For an English translation, see John William Blake, trans., ed.,
3238:
3166:
3142:
3001:
2530:
2405:
2384:
The main destinations for exports from São Tomé and Príncipe are
1837:
1765:
1657:
1072:
1022:
946:
295:
7187:
5066:
5061:
5059:
4323:"Sao Tome's ex-prime minister elected president in one-man race"
11227:
Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
10741:
10516:
10210:
10043:
10022:
9873:
9778:
9739:
9729:
9527:
9469:
9329:
9262:
9195:
9117:
8770:
8750:
8735:
8730:
8664:
8659:
8633:
8562:
8537:
8472:
8467:
8457:
8402:
8260:
8074:
8069:
7984:
7974:
7959:
7898:
7893:
6943:
6928:
6923:
6863:
6818:
6778:
6672:
6651:
6025:
3708:
3170:
3154:
3045:
2664:
2616:
2514:
2503:
2495:
2483:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2417:
2401:
2397:
2181:
1947:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1829:
1807:
1747:
1481:
1338:
In the 2001 presidential elections the candidate backed by the
1191:
1057:
1010:
167:
9656:
5803:"BBC Sport – Sao Tome e Principe rocket up Fifa rankings"
5436:"ExxonMobil Signs PSC for Exploration in Nigeria/Sao Tome JDZ"
5182:"Sao Tome and Principe – Agricultural Sectors and Agribuiness"
752:
The islands were uninhabited until their discovery in 1470 by
10623:
10259:
10180:
10130:
10009:
9903:
9893:
9810:
9790:
9706:
9696:
9622:
9448:
9316:
9012:
8654:
8552:
8547:
8482:
8462:
8447:
8372:
8064:
8044:
8014:
7999:
7994:
7964:
7590:
7114:
6903:
6853:
6808:
6793:
6773:
6763:
6737:
6677:
6083:– National Assembly of São Tomé and Príncipe (official site)
5645:
5056:
3287:
3174:
3150:
2929:
2679:
2604:
2600:
2526:
2518:
2499:
2487:
2460:
2413:
1977:
1954:
1833:
1508:
1496:
1293:
1134:
Eventually, competition from sugar-producing colonies in the
738:
674:
8103:
6080:
5249:
Agricultural Marketing Directory for U.S. & Africa Trade
2912:
The majority of residents belong to the local branch of the
9853:
8592:
8517:
8492:
8417:
8039:
6913:
6823:
6712:
6072:
Presidência da República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe
6065:– Official Page of the Government of São Tomé and Príncipe
5943:
São Tomé and Príncipe: from plantation colony to microstate
5245:
3784:
3582:"World Economic Outlook April 2024 (São Tomé and Príncipe)"
3337:
3304:
3295:
3210:
3146:
2637:
are descendants of freed slaves when slavery was abolished.
2472:
2317:
is available and has been widely installed in urban areas.
2306:
2210:
São Tomé also hosts a broadcasting station of the American
1476:
era, due to volcanic activity beneath deep water along the
1039:
10681:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.
2154:
Oil and gas infrastructure in Neves, São Tomé and Príncipe
2127:
have been undertaken, largely financed by foreign donors.
1365:(son of former president Miguel Trovoada) and independent
1130:
São Tomé and Príncipe in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries
10084:
6040:
5201:"How the Chocolate Islands are rediscovering their roots"
5097:"Sao Tome and Principe Military 2020, CIA World Factbook"
4982:"São Tomé e Príncipe cria 1ª Universidade Pública – AULP"
4701:
4281:"27 August 2006 Local Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe"
3331:
3322:
2592:
Distinct ethnic groups on São Tomé and Príncipe include:
2017:
In 2017, São Tomé and Príncipe signed the United Nations
1292:(MLSTP), which eventually established its base in nearby
698:
5406:"Sao Tome and Principe | Culture, History, & People"
5224:
4758:
4204:"The Bloodless Coup of July 2003 in São Tomé e Príncipe"
4162:
Caldeira,‘Rebelião e Outras Formas de Resistência’, 111.
3096:. Other literature from the country has been written in
1787:
São Tomé and Príncipe is a founding member state of the
6646:
6105:
5872:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
5304:
5230:
U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets / Background Notes
3973:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
3931:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
3886:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
3201:
team of São Tomé and Príncipe and is controlled by the
2364:, which is a subsidiary of Portugal's government-owned
164:
Location of São Tomé and Príncipe (dark blue)
5540:"Portugal (PRT) and Sao Tome and Principe (STP) Trade"
4606:
São Tomé and Príncipe Political Governance and Economy
4173:"stp004 Fradique de Menezes new president on Sao Tomé"
1784:
and an International Diplomatic Correspondent Office.
1780:
in 2016. It also has a permanent mission to the UN in
6089:
3490:
3355:
3328:
3325:
3284:
3281:
1629:
São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón moist lowland forests
1021:
around 1506, São Tomé had more sugarcane fields than
10698:
5640:
5638:
5451:"São Tomé & Príncipe Still Waiting for Oil Boom"
3334:
3319:
3316:
3292:
3220:
1290:
Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe
6047:
Key Development Forecasts for São Tomé and Príncipe
4695:
3434:"Religions in Sao Tome and Principe | PEW-GRF"
3313:
3301:
3298:
998:
6145:
4752:
8273:Countries with Portuguese as an official language
7607:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
5635:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5129:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017.
1199:" remains officially observed by the government.
11168:
6063:Página Oficial do Governo de São Tomé e Príncipe
2863:(4.9%) are foreign languages taught in schools.
2147:time, the international price of cocoa slumped.
1742:. São Tomé and Príncipe has an average level of
980:("Saint Anthony"), changing its name in 1502 to
132:
117:
59:
11118:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
11108:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago
10819:
7648:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
5762:
4856:
4383:"Jorge Bom Jesus inaugurated as prime minister"
1764:São Tomé and Príncipe has embassies in Angola,
8330:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
5393:
4947:Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de (6 June 2016).
1179:provided one of the first successful tests of
1100:developed settlements in the interior known as
8958:
8837:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
8314:
7854:
7203:
6632:
6131:
5646:"Sao Tome and Principe – HRMI Rights Tracker"
5246:Mary E. Lassanyi; Wayne Olson (1 July 1997).
3756:(Second ed.). London: Verso. p. 5.
2678:of mixed Portuguese and Chinese descent from
2521:. There was a sharp decrease in imports from
2296:Resort Pestana Equador, São Tomé and Príncipe
1910:São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations
1389:, after winning over the incumbent President
1143:between continental Africa and the Americas.
11182:1975 establishments in São Tomé and Príncipe
7643:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
7018:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
5941:Hodges, Tony, and Malyn Dudley Dunn Newitt.
5324:
5294:
5232:. U.S. Department of State. 19 January 2012.
5014:(in European Portuguese). 10 February 2018.
4850:
3696:
3406:República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe
3258:List of São Tomé and Príncipe–related topics
3195:São Tomé and Príncipe national football team
2408:(6%) stand out. Others important buyers are
2019:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
1195:Portuguese rulers. The anniversary of this "
711:Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
30:For the islands of the sovereign state, see
8878:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
5911:A history of postcolonial Lusophone Africa.
5448:
5345:
5343:
5151:
4976:
4974:
4942:
4940:
4439:"Sao Tome opposition wins legislative vote"
2024:
1256:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1150:Railway in São Tomé and Príncipe circa 1919
11262:States and territories established in 1975
8965:
8951:
8832:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
8321:
8307:
7870:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
7861:
7847:
7451:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
7210:
7196:
6639:
6625:
6138:
6124:
6081:Assembleia Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe
5581:
5579:
3088:List of writers from São Tomé and Príncipe
2362:Banco Internacional de São Tomé e Príncipe
2353:Banco Internacional de São Tomé e Príncipe
1789:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
1760:Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe
1692:Presidential Palace of São Tomé e Príncipe
811:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
157:
10440:
5758:
5756:
4800:
4735:
4679:
4677:
4312:. Orange Botswana Portal. 7 January 2010.
3702:
3596:
3584:. International Monetary Fund. April 2024
2188:. In April 2000, in association with the
2118:Cocoa production in São Tomé and Príncipe
2040:1995, the island of Príncipe has been an
2010:also called "Navy"), Presidential Guard (
1276:Learn how and when to remove this message
1052:Slaves in São Tomé were brought from the
917:Learn how and when to remove this message
573:
6036:Wikimedia Atlas of São Tomé and Príncipe
6015:) is being considered for deletion. See
5727:
5725:
5723:
5387:São Tomé e Príncipe, a colónia esquecida
5340:
4971:
4946:
4937:
4826:2010 Ibrahim Index of African Governance
3788:Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas
3778:
2945:
2934:
2566:
2558:
2555:Santomeans on the beach, Lobata District
2550:
2426:
2348:
2320:
2291:
2239:
2149:
1993:
1894:
1820:Portugal–São Tomé and Príncipe relations
1686:
1607:
1580:
1459:
1414:
1300:dictatorship in Portugal in April 1974.
1206:
1145:
1078:
1040:Economic development in the 16th century
1027:
928:
11103:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
8842:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
5850:
5831:
5769:. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 74–79.
5737:. Dyfed Lloyd Evans. pp. 174–176.
5707:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5576:
4602:
4353:"Sao Tome and Principe country profile"
4310:Sao Tome president pardons coup plotter
4201:
3689:
3687:
2537:material, copper, cocoa, and clothing.
1627:The country's territory is part of the
952:
417:964 km (372 sq mi) (
14:
11169:
9235:
5753:
5689:from the original on 13 September 2022
5519:
5517:
5384:
5241:
5239:
5107:from the original on 29 September 2022
4895:from the original on 24 September 2023
4702:Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017).
4674:
4563:
4524:
4449:from the original on 30 September 2023
4291:from the original on 27 September 2023
4183:from the original on 30 September 2007
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3508:
3506:
3068:is a music genre from the islands and
2928:exist, as well as a small but growing
2244:Palm Tree Plantations in Ribeira Peixe
2224:
2141:
1795:nations across four continents, where
1726:São Tomé and Príncipe is considered a
972:) 1471, for São Tomé; and 17 January (
721:, off the western equatorial coast of
10818:
10697:
10439:
9950:
9655:
9234:
8984:
8972:
8946:
8302:
8030:Organization of Ibero-American States
7842:
7600:Specialised agencies and institutions
7191:
6620:
6607:
6119:
6106:Central Bank of São Tomé and Príncipe
5855:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: James Currey.
5720:
5523:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5461:from the original on 21 December 2016
5416:from the original on 22 December 2020
5380:
5378:
5376:
4915:"Travel Risk Map — International SOS"
4759:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020).
4641:
4506:from the original on 11 November 2022
4419:from the original on 8 September 2021
4363:from the original on 23 December 2016
4137:
4135:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4077:
4075:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3991:
3989:
3904:
3902:
3810:
3808:
3751:
3382:
2547:Demographics of São Tomé and Príncipe
1998:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe
1503:, which also includes the islands of
10828:
10707:
10449:
9960:
9665:
9625:) and small temporary coastal bases.
9244:
8994:
7349:Permanent Representatives' Committee
6608:
5869:
5809:from the original on 17 October 2013
5741:from the original on 25 January 2016
5668:
5266:from the original on 25 January 2016
5198:
4865:from the original on 8 December 2022
4662:from the original on 6 November 2022
4584:from the original on 6 November 2022
4545:from the original on 6 November 2022
4479:from the original on 2 December 2022
4218:from the original on 5 December 2022
3684:
3637:United Nations Development Programme
3630:"Human Development Report 2021/2022"
3440:from the original on 4 November 2019
2939:Nossa Senhora do Rosário Church, in
2906: Other or Non-Religious (17.9%)
2651:, living temporarily on the islands.
2371:
2358:Banco Central de Sāo Tomé e Príncipe
2190:Banco Central de São Tomé e Príncipe
1753:
1647:), the world's largest sunbird (the
1254:adding citations to reliable sources
1221:
855:adding citations to reliable sources
826:
27:Island country in the Gulf of Guinea
11237:Member states of the United Nations
7758:Single African Air Transport Market
7753:African Continental Free Trade Area
5964:Review of African Political Economy
5683:"São Tomé and Príncipe – Inclusion"
5526:A Economia das Colónias Portuguesas
5514:
5236:
5160:. Springer Nature. pp. 35–39.
5077:from the original on 17 August 2022
5044:from the original on 5 October 2022
4603:Bradley, Archie (30 January 2017).
4497:
4067:Europeans in West Africa, 1450–1560
3791:. Aldershot: Variorum. p. 24.
3733:from the original on 3 October 2013
3646:from the original on 9 October 2022
3567:
3503:
3484:
3082:Literature of São Tomé and Príncipe
2990:University of São Tomé and Príncipe
2880:Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe
2643:are contract laborers from Angola,
2255:
1888:and Angola maintains an embassy in
1840:. Portugal maintains an embassy in
1721:Ibrahim Index of African Governance
1107:
24:
11222:Member states of the African Union
11093:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
6222:
6111:Chief of State and Cabinet Members
5900:
5656:from the original on 15 March 2022
5473:
5373:
5226:"Sao Tome and Principe (01/19/12)"
5186:International Trade Administration
5133:from the original on 6 August 2019
4959:from the original on 21 March 2022
4683:
4389:from the original on 13 April 2021
4132:
4096:
4072:
4010:
3986:
3899:
3848:
3805:
3622:
2819:Languages of São Tomé and Príncipe
2695:Languages in São Tomé and Príncipe
2031:Districts of São Tomé and Príncipe
1683:Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe
1456:Geography of São Tomé and Príncipe
1383:President of São Tomé and Príncipe
233:Recognised regional languages
25:
11273:
11247:Portuguese colonisation in Africa
9517:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin
7217:
6090:Instituto Nacional de Estatística
6019:to help reach a consensus. ›
5973:
5926:Journal of Modern African Studies
5623:from the original on 8 March 2022
5593:from the original on 1 April 2023
5361:from the original on 22 June 2022
5252:. DIANE Publishing. p. 206.
5018:from the original on 30 June 2020
4925:from the original on 29 July 2022
4525:Becker, Kathleen (26 June 2014).
3610:from the original on 30 June 2021
3524:from the original on 9 April 2022
3207:Confederation of African Football
3072:was known as the Queen of Morna.
2873:Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe
2212:International Broadcasting Bureau
1990:Military of São Tomé and Príncipe
1679:Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe
1623:Wildlife of São Tomé and Príncipe
799:are predominantly of African and
788:developing economy with a medium
462:199.7/km (517.2/sq mi) (
11098:Portuguese colonial architecture
10699:North America and North Atlantic
9563:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
9221:
8985:
8927:
8926:
8428:Democratic Republic of the Congo
8283:
8282:
8102:
7823:
7822:
7673:African Union–Ethiopia relations
7354:Specialized Technical Committees
7169:
7158:
7157:
6965:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
6942:
6723:Democratic Republic of the Congo
6099:– National statistics institute
6030:
5763:Kathleen Becker (23 July 2008).
5502:from the original on 3 July 2022
5284:Brígida Rocha Brito and others,
4333:from the original on 8 June 2023
4261:from the original on 8 June 2023
3277:
3253:Outline of São Tomé and Príncipe
3237:
3223:
3130:Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe
3048:, while Príncipe is home to the
2619:(these people also are known as
2613:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2587:
2180:, the European Union, Portugal,
2107:Economy of São Tomé and Príncipe
1903:
1633:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
1226:
1005:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
999:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
831:
823:History of São Tomé and Príncipe
598:
597:
572:
554:
553:
539:
538:
510:
509:
495:
494:
144:
97:
83:
11088:Armorial of Portuguese colonies
5824:
5795:
5783:from the original on 4 May 2016
5701:
5605:
5587:"Literacy – The World Factbook"
5532:
5449:Phuong Tran (1 February 2007).
5442:
5428:
5303:(WRTH) Vol. 49 • 1995, p. 162;
5278:
5218:
5192:
5174:
5145:
5119:
5089:
5067:"Geography Now – Official Site"
5030:
5000:
4907:
4877:
4817:
4635:
4596:
4557:
4518:
4491:
4461:
4431:
4401:
4375:
4345:
4315:
4303:
4273:
4243:
4230:
4195:
4165:
4156:
4059:
4038:
3965:
3944:
3923:
3878:
3869:
3839:
3829:
3754:The invention of the white race
3745:
3719:
3705:Bijela pčela: List za svu djecu
3398:
3270:
2964:Health in São Tomé and Príncipe
2540:
2482:. A fifth of imports come from
2272:has increased to 70 years, the
2197:Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
1655:, and several giant species of
1616:
1538:(Great Dog Peak) is a landmark
1511:to the northeast (both part of
1501:Cameroon volcanic mountain line
1333:
1326:won a majority of seats in the
1324:Party of Democratic Convergence
1202:
842:needs additional citations for
797:people of São Tomé and Príncipe
729:around the two main islands of
119:"Unidade, Disciplina, Trabalho"
11257:Small Island Developing States
9951:
8868:International Francophonie Day
6294:Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé
6277:Parque Natural Obô do Príncipe
5708:Burgert, Anne (19 July 2019).
3658:
3536:
3452:
3426:
3203:São Toméan Football Federation
3033:Music of São Tomé and Príncipe
3022:Media of São Tomé and Príncipe
2984:Tertiary institutions are the
2111:
2048:and Príncipe island into one:
805:descent, with most practicing
13:
1:
10118:Portuguese Paliacate outpost
7805:United States of Latin Africa
7499:Rural Economy and Agriculture
7276:Organisation of African Unity
6004:
4151:stable/10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
4127:stable/10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
3415:
3075:
2327:Niger Delta geologic province
2035:Autonomous Region of Príncipe
1973:), in São Tomé and Príncipe.
1340:Independent Democratic Action
123:("Unity, Discipline, Labour")
10860:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
10653: • 1938–1941
10630: • 1890–1999
10620: • 1851–1999
10610: • 1864–1999
10510: • 1578–1650
10497: • 1576–1605
10484: • 1522–1575
10409: • 1779–1954
10386: • 1687–1749
10323: • 1598–1610
10313: • 1579–1632
10289: • 1568–1659
10279: • 1559–1961
10266: • 1548–1658
10256: • 1540–1612
10243: • 1536–1662
10230: • 1535–1739
10207: • 1534–1661
10197: • 1534–1601
10187: • 1531–1571
10177: • 1531–1571
10161: • 1528–1666
10151: • 1523–1662
10127: • 1521–1740
10114: • 1518–1619
10081: • 1510–1961
10068: • 1507–1657
10055: • 1502–1661
10033: • 1502–1658
10019: • 1501–1663
10006: • 1500–1663
7662:United States military bases
7658:United States Africa Command
5152:Nunes Silva, Carlos (2016).
4984:. 7 May 2017. Archived from
4645:Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe
3672:. Cambridge University Press
3420:
3384:[sɐ̃wtuˈmɛiˈpɾĩsɨpɨ]
3231:São Tomé and Príncipe portal
2968:
2685:
2300:
1639:and several bat species are
1585:Waterfall in São Tomé Island
1449:
1185:general theory of relativity
1173:solar eclipse of 29 May 1919
7:
10820:South America and Caribbean
8624:French Community of Belgium
7489:HR, Sciences and Technology
5999:Central Intelligence Agency
5805:. Bbc.co.uk. 7 March 2012.
5199:Drew, Keith (6 July 2023).
4285:africanelections.tripod.com
3729:. Aish.com. 4 August 2009.
3554:Central Intelligence Agency
3216:
3100:, English and Caué Creole.
2866:
2623:or "children of the land").
2575:, Auto de Floripes Festival
2160:International Monetary Fund
2014:), and the National Guard.
1983:
1940:Thousands of tourists from
1857:and São Tomé and Príncipe.
1813:
1768:, Gabon, Portugal, and the
1672:
1213:Our Lady of Grace Cathedral
10:
11278:
11202:Former Portuguese colonies
10968:Nova Colónia do Sacramento
10047:(Coulão / Kollam)
9118:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué
7743:African Economic Community
7548:Peace and Security Council
7255:African and Malagasy Union
5617:humanrightsmeasurement.org
4785:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3
3153:, bread fruit, and cooked
3127:
3123:
3085:
3079:
3037:São Toméans are known for
3030:
3019:
2995:
2870:
2816:
2544:
2344:
2283:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2028:
1987:
1907:
1817:
1778:People's Republic of China
1757:
1676:
1620:
1576:
1453:
1054:Slave Coast of West Africa
1002:
820:
816:
323:semi-presidential republic
29:
11217:Least developed countries
11197:Former colonies in Africa
11187:Central African countries
11083:
10825:
10814:
10704:
10693:
10446:
10435:
10169:(Porto Grande De Bengala)
9957:
9946:
9662:
9651:
9241:
9230:
9219:
8991:
8980:
8922:
8901:
8850:
8824:
8804:
8678:
8642:
8617:National/regional members
8616:
8345:
8336:
8256:
8225:
8137:
8111:
8100:
7942:
7886:
7877:
7818:
7787:
7766:
7718:
7681:
7668:United States ambassadors
7628:
7619:
7599:
7546:
7520:
7484:Social Affairs and Health
7479:Infrastructure and Energy
7459:
7441:
7413:
7380:
7362:
7339:
7330:
7297:
7225:
7153:
7133:
7102:
7081:
7060:
7039:
7028:
7012:
6996:
6983:
6951:
6940:
6658:
6648:Countries and territories
6614:
6565:
6491:
6482:
6435:
6426:
6350:
6341:
6242:
6233:
6220:
6157:
5832:Seibert, Gerhard (2006).
5288:, Lisbon: Gerpress, 2010
5170:– via Google Books.
4949:"Portugueses em São Tomé"
4564:Becker, Kathleen (2008).
4202:Seibert, Gerhard (2003).
3188:
2957:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
1935:
1875:is the major supplier of
1863:
1799:is an official language.
1631:ecoregion. It had a 2019
692:
680:
668:
658:
650:
632:
617:
587:
562:
547:
532:
518:
503:
488:
470:
456:
442:
435:
425:
411:
404:
400:
387:
383:
376:
366:
362:
347:
332:
328:
315:
294:
259:
231:
221:
177:
156:
133:
127:
118:
113:
79:
61:República Democrática de
51:
44:Principe (disambiguation)
40:São Tomé (disambiguation)
8413:Central African Republic
7443:African Court of Justice
7240:Decolonisation of Africa
6708:Central African Republic
6095:13 November 2009 at the
6017:templates for discussion
5966:35.117 (2008): 473–482.
4857:V-Dem Institute (2023).
4236:Gerhard Seibert (2006),
3856:African Economic History
3816:African Economic History
3752:Allen, Theodore (1997).
3604:"GINI index coefficient"
3263:
3205:. It is a member of the
3026:
3015:
2826:is the official and the
2366:Caixa Geral de Depósitos
2186:African Development Bank
2174:UN Development Programme
2025:Administrative divisions
1480:. The volcanic soils of
1444:an attempted coup d'état
1089:Dutch West India Company
10999:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
10918: • 1621–1815
10905: • 1578–1607
10892: • 1572–1578
10879: • 1572–1578
10866: • 1549–1572
10853: • 1534–1549
10220: • 1535
10092: • 1512–1525
9760:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
8873:Jeux de la Francophonie
7810:East African Federation
7800:United States of Africa
7538:African Investment Bank
5945:(Westview Press, 1988).
5935:102.406 (2003): 51–80.
5524:Sousa, António (2019).
5410:Encyclopedia Britannica
5385:Mendes, Xavier (2019).
5310:24 October 2013 at the
5301:World Radio TV Handbook
5154:"São Tomé and Príncipe"
4953:Portugueses em São Tomé
4885:"Sao Tome and Principe"
4648:. Bradt Travel Guides.
4570:. Bradt Travel Guides.
4567:São Tomé & Príncipe
4531:. Bradt Travel Guides.
3666:"São Tomé and Príncipe"
3544:"Sao Tome and Principe"
3102:Francisco José Tenreiro
2953:, São Tomé and Príncipe
2926:Evangelical Protestants
2262:Human Development Index
1851:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
1736:V-Dem Democracy Indices
1083:Capture of São Tomé by
866:"São Tomé and Príncipe"
790:Human Development Index
304:São Toméan (Sao Tomean)
222:Official languages
53:Democratic Republic of
10989:Grão-Pará and Maranhão
10413:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
8863:UN French Language Day
8696:Bosnia and Herzegovina
8202:XII – Ilha do Sal
7521:Financial institutions
7512:Cross-Cutting Programs
7415:Pan-African Parliament
6227:
5305:Billboard Publications
5158:Governing Urban Africa
4642:Warne, Sophie (2003).
4091:10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
4069:(London, 1942), 145ff.
4054:10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
4033:10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
4005:10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
3975:6, no. 3 (1973): 466.
3960:10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
3933:6, no. 3 (1973): 467.
3918:10.7722/j.ctt31nj49.10
3888:6, no. 3 (1973): 462.
3405:
3375:
2954:
2943:
2922:Seventh-day Adventists
2667:, primarily Portuguese
2576:
2564:
2556:
2432:
2354:
2297:
2245:
2155:
1999:
1900:
1694:
1667:Eretmochelys imbricata
1613:
1586:
1469:
1430:
1395:Patrice Emery Trovoada
1219:
1151:
1092:
1036:
938:
142:("Total Independence")
60:
38:. For other uses, see
11177:São Tomé and Príncipe
10679:invasion by Indonesia
10441:East Asia and Oceania
9613:São Tomé and Príncipe
9386:Portuguese Mozambique
9343:Portuguese Gold Coast
8573:São Tomé and Príncipe
8433:Republic of the Congo
8238:Portuguese literature
8119:Executive Secretariat
7929:São Tomé and Príncipe
7561:African Standby Force
7533:African Monetary Fund
6869:São Tomé and Príncipe
6728:Republic of the Congo
6226:
6147:São Tomé and Príncipe
6051:International Futures
6022:São Tomé and Príncipe
5989:São Tomé and Príncipe
5959:74.3 (2002): 397–411.
5952:38.1 (2014): 103–124.
5928:27.4 (1989): 671–678.
5766:Sao Tome and Principe
5734:The Recipes of Africa
5564:São Tomé and Principe
4919:www.travelriskmap.com
4765:Nature Communications
4720:10.1093/biosci/bix014
4528:São Tomé and Príncipe
4251:"Incumbent wins vote"
3128:Further information:
3086:Further information:
3031:Further information:
2949:
2938:
2914:Roman Catholic Church
2817:Further information:
2609:Republic of the Congo
2571:A scene of Santomean
2570:
2562:
2554:
2486:, about 6% come from
2430:
2352:
2321:Petroleum exploration
2311:international airport
2295:
2274:infant mortality rate
2243:
2163:structural adjustment
2153:
1997:
1988:Further information:
1898:
1758:Further information:
1690:
1611:
1584:
1463:
1418:
1410:presidential election
1391:Manuel Pinto da Costa
1359:presidential election
1306:Manuel Pinto da Costa
1210:
1149:
1082:
1031:
932:
725:. It consists of two
707:São Tomé and Príncipe
427:• Water (%)
55:São Tomé and Príncipe
18:São Tomé and Principe
8670:United Arab Emirates
7528:African Central Bank
6043:—Tourist information
5569:19 July 2014 at the
5457:. Voice of America.
5012:Vivências Press News
4498:Boechat, Geraldine.
4475:. 25 November 2022.
4415:. 6 September 2021.
4255:The New Humanitarian
3707:(in Serbian) (261).
3670:Cambridge Dictionary
3639:. 8 September 2022.
3199:association football
2661:born on the islands.
1357:In the 30 July 2006
1250:improve this section
1171:Observations of the
1033:São Sebastião Museum
953:Arrival of Europeans
851:improve this article
769:Atlantic slave trade
754:Portuguese explorers
444:• 2023 estimate
11192:Countries in Africa
11149: /
9332:(São Jorge da Mina)
9183:São João da Mamora
9025:(El Qsar es Seghir)
8909:Francophone economy
8233:Portuguese language
8212:XIV – São Tomé
7125:Plazas de soberanía
7029:African territories
6969:unclear sovereignty
6954:States with limited
6521:Beti-Pahuin peoples
6041:São Tomé e Príncipe
5330:WRTH 1997, p. 514,
4859:"The V-Dem Dataset"
4777:2020NatCo..11.5978G
4609:. Lulu Press, Inc.
3376:São Tomé e Príncipe
3110:Alda Espirito Santo
2845:Cape Verdean Creole
2762:Cabo Verdean Creole
2235:foreign investments
2225:Economic challenges
2142:Government measures
2012:Guarda Presidencial
1919:recent years, some
1561:0.11667°N 6.56667°E
1557: /
1344:Fradique de Menezes
1175:in Príncipe by Sir
1165:Scientific American
933:Map of São Tomé by
202: /
136:Independência total
63:São Tomé e Príncipe
11045:Portuguese Guiana
11009:Maranhão and Piauí
10657:Lapa and Montanha
10468:Portuguese Malacca
10354:Portuguese Ceylon
10308:(Portuguese India)
10146:(Portuguese India)
9777: •
9236:Sub-Saharan Africa
8914:Senghor University
8711:Dominican Republic
8207:XIII – Luanda
8197:XI – Brasília
8182:VIII – Luanda
8162:IV – Brasília
7779:African Border Day
7494:Trade and Industry
7469:Peace and Security
7461:ECOSOCC Committees
7395:Deputy Chairperson
7033:non-African states
6465:Telecommunications
6228:
5994:The World Factbook
5913:London: C. Hurst.
5314:, Amsterdam 1995.
4839:on 19 October 2011
3549:The World Factbook
3465:The World Factbook
2955:
2944:
2833:Portuguese creoles
2577:
2565:
2557:
2433:
2355:
2298:
2246:
2156:
2000:
1901:
1699:universal suffrage
1695:
1614:
1587:
1507:to the southwest,
1470:
1431:
1220:
1152:
1136:Western Hemisphere
1093:
1037:
1019:Valentim Fernandes
939:
935:Johannes Vingboons
785:plantation economy
528:2024 estimate
484:2024 estimate
251:Principense Creole
170: (light blue)
11132:
11131:
11126:
11125:
11079:
11078:
11073:
11072:
11066:
11065:
11014:
11013:
10973:
10972:
10940:
10939:
10810:
10809:
10804:
10803:
10795:
10794:
10749:
10748:
10689:
10688:
10672:
10671:
10665:
10664:
10647:Portuguese Macau
10639:
10638:
10592:
10591:
10562:
10561:
10431:
10430:
10425:
10424:
10418:
10417:
10403:Portuguese India
10395:
10394:
10380:Portuguese India
10372:
10371:
10335:
10334:
10298:
10297:
10136:
10135:
9990:
9989:
9980:Laccadive Islands
9942:
9941:
9936:
9935:
9929:
9928:
9826:
9825:
9647:
9646:
9637:Portuguese Angola
9630:Portuguese Guinea
9606:
9605:
9599:
9598:
9584:Portuguese Guinea
9568:
9567:
9534:
9533:
9489:
9488:
9459:Portuguese Angola
9358:
9357:
9353:Mascarene Islands
9217:
9216:
9211:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9100:
9099:
9068:1487–16th century
8974:Portuguese Empire
8940:
8939:
8820:
8819:
8805:Suspended members
8643:Associate members
8453:Equatorial Guinea
8296:
8295:
8217:XIV – Bissau
8177:VII – Lisbon
8167:V – São Tomé
8157:III – Maputo
8098:
8097:
7909:Equatorial Guinea
7836:
7835:
7714:
7713:
7638:Foreign relations
7615:
7614:
7566:Panel of the Wise
7474:Political Affairs
7344:Executive Council
7287:Secretary General
7265:Sirte Declaration
7185:
7184:
7149:
7148:
7024:
7023:
6744:Equatorial Guinea
6601:
6600:
6561:
6560:
6478:
6477:
6422:
6421:
6404:Political parties
6399:National Assembly
6360:Foreign relations
6337:
6336:
6299:Pico de São Tomé
6214:COVID-19 pandemic
5836:. Leiden: Brill.
5776:978-1-84162-216-3
5650:rightstracker.org
5259:978-0-7881-4479-0
5188:. 11 August 2022.
5040:(in Portuguese).
4955:(in Portuguese).
4691:. pp. 22–24.
4655:978-1-84162-073-2
4616:978-1-365-72042-0
4577:978-1-84162-216-3
4538:978-1-84162-486-0
4329:. 8 August 2016.
4257:. 2 August 2006.
3798:978-0-86078-513-2
3552:(2024 ed.).
3106:Manuela Margarido
3052:beat. Portuguese
2835:are also spoken:
2813:
2812:
2372:Business partners
2042:autonomous region
1963:Republic of Congo
1832:, a consulate in
1754:Foreign relations
1710:National Assembly
1663:hawksbill turtles
1513:Equatorial Guinea
1379:Evaristo Carvalho
1328:National Assembly
1313:democratic reform
1286:
1285:
1278:
927:
926:
919:
901:
709:, officially the
704:
703:
549:• Per capita
505:• Per capita
371:National Assembly
149:
16:(Redirected from
11269:
11212:Island countries
11164:
11163:
11161:
11160:
11159:
11154:
11150:
11147:
11146:
11145:
11142:
11113:Portuguese India
11061:
11048:
11035:
11025:
11024:
11022:
10982:
10981:
10979:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10923:
10910:
10897:
10884:
10871:
10858:
10840:
10839:
10837:
10829:
10816:
10815:
10770:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10719:
10718:
10716:
10708:
10695:
10694:
10660:
10650:
10649:
10645:
10607:
10606:
10603:Portuguese Macau
10600:
10588:
10587:
10579:Portuguese Timor
10571:
10570:
10568:
10515:
10502:
10489:
10461:
10460:
10458:
10450:
10437:
10436:
10406:
10405:
10401:
10383:
10382:
10378:
10357:
10337:
10336:
10330:
10302:
10301:
10273:
10250:
10237:
10214:
10170:
10140:
10139:
10121:
10107:
10096:
10075:
10062:
10061:(Cochin de Cima)
10048:
10037:
10026:
10013:
10003:
10002:
9999:Portuguese India
9996:
9984:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9961:
9948:
9947:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9782:
9710:
9687:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9666:
9653:
9652:
9594:Portuguese Congo
9577:
9576:
9574:
9553:
9543:
9542:
9540:
9530:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9484:
9472:
9419:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9333:
9320:
9298:
9286:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9245:
9232:
9231:
9225:
9199:
9186:
9173:
9160:
9147:
9146:(Souira Guedima)
9134:
9121:
9111:
9110:
9108:
9085:
9062:
9039:
9026:
9006:
9005:
9003:
8995:
8982:
8981:
8967:
8960:
8953:
8944:
8943:
8930:
8929:
8343:
8342:
8323:
8316:
8309:
8300:
8299:
8286:
8285:
8187:IX – Maputo
8172:VI – Bissau
8124:Flag of the CPLP
8106:
7884:
7883:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7840:
7839:
7826:
7825:
7738:Development Bank
7626:
7625:
7508:Women and Gender
7504:Economic Affairs
7433:Gallagher Estate
7337:
7336:
7245:Casablanca Group
7212:
7205:
7198:
7189:
7188:
7173:
7161:
7160:
7037:
7036:
6994:
6993:
6946:
6740:(partly in Asia)
6660:Sovereign states
6641:
6634:
6627:
6618:
6617:
6609:Related articles
6605:
6604:
6581:
6574:
6489:
6488:
6460:
6433:
6432:
6348:
6347:
6310:
6302:
6247:Cities and towns
6240:
6239:
6188:Attempted coups
6140:
6133:
6126:
6117:
6116:
6102:
6086:
6077:
6068:
6034:
6033:
5895:
5866:
5847:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5760:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5729:
5718:
5717:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5679:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5642:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5583:
5574:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5521:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5488:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5402:
5391:
5390:
5382:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5347:
5338:
5328:
5322:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5243:
5234:
5233:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5063:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4978:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4944:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4889:Transparency.org
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4838:
4832:, archived from
4831:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4804:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4739:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4681:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4623:on 19 April 2023
4619:. Archived from
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
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4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4247:
4241:
4240:, Leiden: Brill.
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4154:
4139:
4130:
4115:
4094:
4079:
4070:
4063:
4057:
4042:
4036:
4021:
4008:
3993:
3984:
3969:
3963:
3948:
3942:
3927:
3921:
3906:
3897:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3867:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3645:
3634:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3606:. CIA Factbook.
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3578:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3468:. Archived from
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3430:
3409:
3402:
3396:
3386:
3381:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3274:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3197:is the national
3094:Lusophone Africa
3004:is a mixture of
2905:
2895:
2885:
2692:
2691:
2315:Internet service
2266:education system
2256:Positive aspects
2216:Voice of America
2006:), Coast Guard (
1930:Voice of America
1732:economic freedom
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:0.11667; 6.56667
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1525:Pico de Príncipe
1521:Pico de São Tomé
1435:Patrice Trovoada
1406:Carlos Vila Nova
1363:Patrice Trovoada
1281:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1230:
1222:
1177:Arthur Eddington
1108:Slave rebellions
1062:Kingdom of Kongo
982:Ilha do Príncipe
959:João de Santarém
922:
915:
911:
908:
902:
900:
859:
835:
827:
783:; the lucrative
757:João de Santarém
641:
608:
607:
601:
600:
594:
583:
582:
576:
575:
569:
557:
556:
542:
541:
525:
513:
512:
498:
497:
481:
357:Patrice Trovoada
342:Carlos Vila Nova
305:
234:
217:
216:
214:
213:
212:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
180:and largest city
161:
151:
150:
140:
139:
121:
120:
101:
87:
74:
66:
64:
56:
49:
48:
21:
11277:
11276:
11272:
11271:
11270:
11268:
11267:
11266:
11167:
11166:
11157:
11155:
11153:0.317°N 6.600°E
11151:
11148:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11136:
11135:
11133:
11128:
11127:
11122:
11075:
11074:
11059:
11046:
11033:
11018:
10975:
10944:
10921:
10908:
10895:
10882:
10869:
10856:
10833:
10821:
10806:
10805:
10768:
10753:
10712:
10700:
10685:
10684:
10673:
10658:
10646:
10641:
10601:
10596:
10581:
10577:
10564:
10513:
10500:
10487:
10454:
10442:
10427:
10426:
10402:
10397:
10379:
10374:
10355:
10329:(Machilipatnam)
10328:
10271:
10248:
10235:
10212:
10201:Salsette Island
10172:
10168:
10167:
10119:
10109:
10105:
10104:
10098:
10094:
10093:
10073:
10060:
10050:
10046:
10045:
10039:
10035:
10034:
10024:
10011:
9997:
9992:
9986:
9982:
9981:
9965:
9953:
9938:
9937:
9830:
9772:
9708:
9685:
9670:
9658:
9643:
9642:
9639:from the 1920s.
9607:
9570:
9551:
9536:
9526:
9493:
9482:
9468:
9417:
9362:
9331:
9318:
9294:
9282:
9249:
9237:
9226:
9213:
9212:
9197:
9184:
9171:
9158:
9145:
9132:
9119:
9104:
9083:
9060:
9037:
9024:
9023:Alcácer Ceguer
8999:
8987:
8976:
8971:
8941:
8936:
8918:
8897:
8858:French language
8846:
8816:
8800:
8674:
8638:
8612:
8508:North Macedonia
8332:
8327:
8297:
8292:
8266:Lusophony Games
8252:
8248:Lusophone music
8221:
8152:II – Praia
8147:I – Lisbon
8133:
8107:
8094:
7938:
7873:
7867:
7837:
7832:
7814:
7783:
7762:
7710:
7677:
7611:
7595:
7542:
7516:
7455:
7437:
7409:
7376:
7358:
7326:
7293:
7221:
7216:
7186:
7181:
7145:
7129:
7098:
7077:
7073:Pelagie Islands
7056:
7032:
7030:
7020:
7008:
6990:
6987:
6979:
6958:
6955:
6947:
6938:
6654:
6645:
6610:
6602:
6597:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6557:
6543:Public holidays
6474:
6458:
6418:
6414:Prime Ministers
6333:
6308:
6300:
6289:São Tomé Island
6229:
6218:
6179:Batepá massacre
6153:
6144:
6101:(in Portuguese)
6100:
6097:Wayback Machine
6085:(in Portuguese)
6084:
6076:(in Portuguese)
6075:
6067:(in Portuguese)
6066:
6031:
6020:
5980:Country Profile
5976:
5933:African Affairs
5907:Chabal, Patrick
5903:
5901:Further reading
5898:
5863:
5844:
5827:
5822:
5812:
5810:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5777:
5761:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5731:
5730:
5721:
5706:
5702:
5692:
5690:
5681:
5680:
5669:
5659:
5657:
5644:
5643:
5636:
5626:
5624:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5596:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5577:
5573:. pewforum.org.
5571:Wayback Machine
5562:
5558:
5548:
5546:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5522:
5515:
5505:
5503:
5490:
5489:
5474:
5464:
5462:
5447:
5443:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5419:
5417:
5404:
5403:
5394:
5383:
5374:
5364:
5362:
5349:
5348:
5341:
5329:
5325:
5312:Wayback Machine
5299:
5295:
5290:(in Portuguese)
5289:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5267:
5260:
5244:
5237:
5223:
5219:
5209:
5207:
5197:
5193:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5047:
5045:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5021:
5019:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4980:
4979:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4945:
4938:
4928:
4926:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4868:
4866:
4855:
4851:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4757:
4753:
4700:
4696:
4688:
4682:
4675:
4665:
4663:
4656:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4617:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4578:
4562:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4539:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4359:. 14 May 2018.
4351:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4140:
4133:
4116:
4097:
4080:
4073:
4064:
4060:
4043:
4039:
4022:
4011:
3994:
3987:
3970:
3966:
3949:
3945:
3928:
3924:
3907:
3900:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3858:39 (2011): 43.
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3830:
3818:39 (2011): 41.
3813:
3806:
3799:
3783:
3779:
3764:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3472:on 26 June 2015
3458:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3403:
3399:
3379:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3312:
3309:
3291:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3191:
3159:Tropical fruits
3132:
3126:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3035:
3029:
3024:
3018:
2998:
2986:National Lyceum
2971:
2960:
2951:Casa da Cultura
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2891:
2888:Catholic Church
2883:
2875:
2869:
2841:creole language
2821:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2688:
2676:Macanese people
2670:Asians, mostly
2657:are children of
2621:filhos da terra
2590:
2549:
2543:
2374:
2347:
2323:
2303:
2286:
2270:life expectancy
2258:
2227:
2144:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2089:Príncipe Island
2052:São Tomé Island
2037:
2029:Main articles:
2027:
2008:Guarda Costeira
1992:
1986:
1938:
1912:
1906:
1866:
1822:
1816:
1762:
1756:
1685:
1677:Main articles:
1675:
1653:São Tomé fiscal
1625:
1619:
1612:Ilhéu das Rolas
1579:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:Pico Cão Grande
1529:Ilhéu das Rolas
1466:Pico Cão Grande
1458:
1452:
1399:Jorge Bom Jesus
1336:
1317:Miguel Trovoada
1282:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1247:
1231:
1205:
1197:Batepá Massacre
1181:Albert Einstein
1132:
1110:
1042:
1007:
1001:
974:St Antony's Day
970:St Thomas's Day
955:
923:
912:
906:
903:
860:
858:
848:
836:
825:
819:
743:sovereign state
636:
605:
604:
603:
592:
581:high inequality
580:
579:
578:
567:
550:
535:
523:
506:
491:
475:
459:
445:
428:
414:
393:
353:
338:
311:
303:
290:
263:
255:
232:
210:
208:
206:0.333°N 6.733°E
204:
201:
196:
193:
191:
189:
188:
187:
181:
173:
172:
152:
145:
141:
122:
109:
108:
107:
102:
94:
93:
88:
75:
68:
62:
57:
54:
47:
32:São Tomé Island
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11275:
11265:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11244:
11239:
11234:
11229:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11207:Gulf of Guinea
11204:
11199:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11130:
11129:
11124:
11123:
11121:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11084:
11081:
11080:
11077:
11076:
11071:
11070:
11064:
11063:
11055:
11051:
11050:
11042:
11038:
11037:
11029:
11015:
11012:
11011:
11006:
11002:
11001:
10996:
10992:
10991:
10986:
10971:
10970:
10965:
10961:
10960:
10955:
10941:
10938:
10937:
10932:
10928:
10927:
10919:
10915:
10914:
10906:
10902:
10901:
10899:Rio de Janeiro
10893:
10889:
10888:
10880:
10876:
10875:
10867:
10863:
10862:
10854:
10850:
10849:
10844:
10827:
10826:
10823:
10822:
10812:
10811:
10808:
10807:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10793:
10792:
10787:
10783:
10782:
10777:
10773:
10772:
10769:(Newfoundland)
10764:
10750:
10747:
10746:
10737:
10733:
10732:
10723:
10706:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10691:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10683:
10682:
10674:
10670:
10669:
10663:
10662:
10654:
10637:
10636:
10631:
10627:
10626:
10621:
10617:
10616:
10611:
10593:
10590:
10589:
10575:
10560:
10559:
10554:
10550:
10549:
10544:
10540:
10539:
10534:
10530:
10529:
10524:
10520:
10519:
10511:
10507:
10506:
10498:
10494:
10493:
10485:
10481:
10480:
10475:
10471:
10470:
10465:
10448:
10447:
10444:
10443:
10433:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10423:
10422:
10416:
10415:
10410:
10393:
10392:
10387:
10370:
10369:
10364:
10360:
10359:
10351:
10347:
10346:
10341:
10333:
10332:
10324:
10320:
10319:
10314:
10310:
10309:
10306:
10299:
10296:
10295:
10290:
10286:
10285:
10280:
10276:
10275:
10267:
10263:
10262:
10257:
10253:
10252:
10244:
10240:
10239:
10231:
10227:
10226:
10221:
10217:
10216:
10208:
10204:
10203:
10198:
10194:
10193:
10188:
10184:
10183:
10178:
10174:
10173:
10164:
10162:
10158:
10157:
10152:
10148:
10147:
10144:
10137:
10134:
10133:
10128:
10124:
10123:
10115:
10111:
10110:
10101:
10099:
10091:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10078:
10077:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10056:
10052:
10051:
10042:
10040:
10032:
10029:
10028:
10020:
10016:
10015:
10007:
9988:
9987:
9978:
9976:
9959:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9944:
9943:
9940:
9939:
9934:
9933:
9927:
9926:
9921:
9917:
9916:
9911:
9907:
9906:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9891:
9887:
9886:
9881:
9877:
9876:
9871:
9867:
9866:
9861:
9857:
9856:
9851:
9847:
9846:
9841:
9827:
9824:
9823:
9818:
9814:
9813:
9808:
9804:
9803:
9798:
9794:
9793:
9788:
9784:
9783:
9767:
9763:
9762:
9757:
9753:
9752:
9747:
9743:
9742:
9737:
9733:
9732:
9727:
9723:
9722:
9717:
9713:
9712:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9694:
9690:
9689:
9686:(Bandar Abbas)
9681:
9664:
9663:
9660:
9659:
9649:
9648:
9645:
9644:
9641:
9640:
9633:
9626:
9619:
9616:
9608:
9604:
9603:
9597:
9596:
9591:
9587:
9586:
9581:
9566:
9565:
9560:
9556:
9555:
9547:
9532:
9531:
9524:
9520:
9519:
9514:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9490:
9487:
9486:
9478:
9474:
9473:
9466:
9462:
9461:
9456:
9452:
9451:
9446:
9442:
9441:
9436:
9432:
9431:
9426:
9422:
9421:
9413:
9409:
9408:
9403:
9399:
9398:
9393:
9389:
9388:
9383:
9379:
9378:
9373:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9350:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9336:
9335:
9327:
9323:
9322:
9314:
9310:
9309:
9304:
9300:
9299:
9292:
9288:
9287:
9280:
9276:
9275:
9270:
9266:
9265:
9260:
9243:
9242:
9239:
9238:
9228:
9227:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9209:
9208:
9202:
9201:
9193:
9189:
9188:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9167:
9163:
9162:
9154:
9150:
9149:
9141:
9137:
9136:
9128:
9124:
9123:
9115:
9101:
9098:
9097:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9079:
9075:
9074:
9069:
9065:
9064:
9056:
9052:
9051:
9046:
9042:
9041:
9033:
9029:
9028:
9020:
9016:
9015:
9010:
8993:
8992:
8989:
8988:
8978:
8977:
8970:
8969:
8962:
8955:
8947:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8934:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8916:
8911:
8905:
8903:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8854:
8852:
8848:
8847:
8845:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8828:
8826:
8822:
8821:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8808:
8806:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8706:Czech Republic
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8682:
8680:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8646:
8644:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8349:
8347:
8340:
8334:
8333:
8326:
8325:
8318:
8311:
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8220:
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8214:
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8115:
8113:
8109:
8108:
8101:
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8095:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8080:United Kingdom
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7970:Czech Republic
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7946:
7944:
7940:
7939:
7937:
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7931:
7926:
7921:
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7911:
7906:
7901:
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7875:
7874:
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7865:
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7843:
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7807:
7802:
7797:
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7755:
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7645:
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7610:
7609:
7603:
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7368:
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7312:Extreme points
7309:
7303:
7301:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7250:Monrovia Group
7247:
7242:
7237:
7235:Pan-Africanism
7231:
7229:
7223:
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7215:
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7207:
7200:
7192:
7183:
7182:
7180:
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7144:
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7137:
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7131:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7110:Canary Islands
7106:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7094:Savage Islands
7091:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7076:
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7064:
7062:
7058:
7057:
7055:
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7025:
7022:
7021:
7016:
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7013:United Kingdom
7010:
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6984:
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6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6664:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6644:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6621:
6615:
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6599:
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6583:
6582:
6575:
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6525:
6524:
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6503:
6498:
6492:
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6480:
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6473:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6454:
6449:
6448:
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6436:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6382:Chief of Staff
6374:
6373:
6372:
6362:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6304:
6296:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6257:Gulf of Guinea
6254:
6249:
6243:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6210:
6209:
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6199:
6194:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6163:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6087:
6078:
6069:
6054:
6053:
6044:
6038:
6028:
6002:
5986:
5975:
5974:External links
5972:
5971:
5970:
5960:
5953:
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5939:
5929:
5922:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5884:10.2307/216611
5878:(3): 453–467.
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4751:
4714:(6): 534–545.
4694:
4684:Barros, PLNL.
4673:
4654:
4634:
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4595:
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4214:(1): 245–260.
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3981:10.2307/216611
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3249:
3248:
3245:Islands portal
3234:
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3215:
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3187:
3125:
3122:
3118:Conceição Lima
3080:Main article:
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3020:Main article:
3017:
3014:
2997:
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2959:
2956:
2920:minorities of
2902:
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2871:Main article:
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2662:
2652:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2589:
2586:
2545:Main article:
2542:
2539:
2490:, 4% from the
2373:
2370:
2346:
2343:
2322:
2319:
2302:
2299:
2285:
2282:
2257:
2254:
2233:, tourism and
2226:
2223:
2143:
2140:
2113:
2110:
2105:Main article:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2026:
2023:
1985:
1982:
1937:
1934:
1921:US Coast Guard
1908:Main article:
1905:
1902:
1865:
1862:
1818:Main article:
1815:
1812:
1755:
1752:
1734:. In the 2023
1674:
1671:
1637:São Tomé shrew
1621:Main article:
1618:
1615:
1591:Guinea Current
1578:
1575:
1517:Mount Cameroon
1493:Gulf of Guinea
1454:Main article:
1451:
1448:
1387:2016 elections
1367:Nilo Guimarães
1335:
1332:
1284:
1283:
1234:
1232:
1225:
1204:
1201:
1131:
1128:
1109:
1106:
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1038:
1003:Main article:
1000:
997:
993:Sephardic Jews
989:Álvaro Caminha
954:
951:
925:
924:
839:
837:
830:
821:Main article:
818:
815:
723:Central Africa
719:Gulf of Guinea
715:island country
702:
701:
696:
690:
689:
684:
678:
677:
672:
666:
665:
662:
656:
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648:
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634:
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629:
619:
615:
614:
595:
585:
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570:
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526:
516:
515:
507:
504:
501:
500:
492:
489:
486:
485:
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468:
467:
460:
458:• Density
457:
454:
453:
446:
443:
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433:
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429:
426:
423:
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415:
412:
409:
408:
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401:
398:
397:
394:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
374:
373:
368:
364:
363:
360:
359:
354:
351:Prime Minister
348:
345:
344:
339:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
319:
313:
312:
310:
309:
306:
300:
298:
292:
291:
289:
288:
285:
283:folk religions
279:
273:
266:
264:
261:
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
246:Angolar Creole
243:
237:
235:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
182:
179:
175:
174:
163:
162:
154:
153:
143:
125:
124:
111:
110:
103:
96:
95:
89:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
58:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11274:
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11260:
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11200:
11198:
11195:
11193:
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11188:
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11180:
11178:
11175:
11174:
11172:
11165:
11162:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
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10959:
10956:
10953:
10952:
10949:
10947:
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10936:
10933:
10930:
10929:
10926:
10920:
10917:
10916:
10913:
10907:
10904:
10903:
10900:
10894:
10891:
10890:
10887:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10874:
10868:
10865:
10864:
10861:
10855:
10852:
10851:
10848:
10845:
10842:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10831:
10830:
10824:
10817:
10813:
10800:
10797:
10791:
10788:
10785:
10784:
10781:
10778:
10775:
10774:
10771:
10765:
10762:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10751:
10745:
10744:
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10738:
10735:
10734:
10731:
10730:
10729:
10724:
10721:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10710:
10709:
10703:
10696:
10692:
10680:
10676:
10675:
10668:
10661:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10644:
10635:
10632:
10629:
10628:
10625:
10622:
10619:
10618:
10615:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10585:
10580:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10569:
10567:
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10555:
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10459:
10457:
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10438:
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10421:
10414:
10411:
10408:
10407:
10404:
10400:
10391:
10388:
10385:
10384:
10381:
10377:
10368:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10358:
10352:
10349:
10348:
10345:
10342:
10339:
10338:
10331:
10327:Masulipatnam
10325:
10322:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10312:
10311:
10307:
10304:
10303:
10300:
10294:
10291:
10288:
10287:
10284:
10283:Daman and Diu
10281:
10278:
10277:
10274:
10272:(Thoothukudi)
10268:
10265:
10264:
10261:
10258:
10255:
10254:
10251:
10249:(Kodungallur)
10245:
10242:
10241:
10238:
10236:(Vasai-Virar)
10232:
10229:
10228:
10225:
10222:
10219:
10218:
10215:
10209:
10206:
10205:
10202:
10199:
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10179:
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10175:
10171:
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10145:
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10125:
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10112:
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10100:
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10027:
10021:
10018:
10017:
10014:
10008:
10005:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9995:
9985:
9983:(Lakshadweep)
9977:
9974:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9963:
9962:
9956:
9949:
9945:
9932:
9925:
9924:Bandar-e Kong
9922:
9919:
9918:
9915:
9914:Dibba Al-Hisn
9912:
9909:
9908:
9905:
9902:
9899:
9898:
9895:
9892:
9889:
9888:
9885:
9882:
9879:
9878:
9875:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9865:
9862:
9859:
9858:
9855:
9852:
9849:
9848:
9845:
9842:
9839:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9828:
9822:
9819:
9816:
9815:
9812:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9802:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9792:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9780:
9776:
9771:
9768:
9765:
9764:
9761:
9758:
9755:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9744:
9741:
9738:
9735:
9734:
9731:
9728:
9725:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9715:
9714:
9711:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9698:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9688:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9668:
9667:
9661:
9654:
9650:
9638:
9634:
9631:
9627:
9624:
9620:
9617:
9614:
9610:
9609:
9602:
9595:
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9582:
9579:
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9498:
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9476:
9475:
9471:
9467:
9464:
9463:
9460:
9457:
9454:
9453:
9450:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9440:
9437:
9434:
9433:
9430:
9427:
9424:
9423:
9420:
9414:
9411:
9410:
9407:
9404:
9401:
9400:
9397:
9394:
9391:
9390:
9387:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9377:
9374:
9371:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9360:
9354:
9351:
9348:
9347:
9344:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9334:
9328:
9325:
9324:
9321:
9317:Fernando Poo
9315:
9312:
9311:
9308:
9305:
9302:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9285:
9281:
9278:
9277:
9274:
9271:
9268:
9267:
9264:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9247:
9246:
9240:
9233:
9229:
9224:
9207:
9200:
9194:
9191:
9190:
9187:
9181:
9178:
9177:
9174:
9168:
9165:
9164:
9161:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9148:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9135:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9122:
9116:
9113:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9102:
9096:
9093:
9090:
9089:
9086:
9080:
9077:
9076:
9073:
9070:
9067:
9066:
9063:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9050:
9047:
9044:
9043:
9040:
9034:
9031:
9030:
9027:
9021:
9018:
9017:
9014:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8997:
8996:
8990:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8968:
8963:
8961:
8956:
8954:
8949:
8948:
8945:
8933:
8925:
8924:
8921:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8900:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8855:
8853:
8849:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8823:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8803:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8677:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8641:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8629:New Brunswick
8627:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8619:
8615:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8478:Guinea-Bissau
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8335:
8331:
8324:
8319:
8317:
8312:
8310:
8305:
8304:
8301:
8289:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8224:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8192:X – Díli
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8136:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8110:
8105:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8085:United States
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7914:Guinea-Bissau
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7871:
7864:
7859:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7829:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7786:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7765:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7732:Gold standard
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7717:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7680:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7618:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7519:
7513:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7452:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7444:
7440:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7412:
7406:
7405:2025 election
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7379:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7361:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7329:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7317:Member states
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7296:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7219:African Union
7213:
7208:
7206:
7201:
7199:
7194:
7193:
7190:
7178:
7177:
7176:Africa portal
7172:
7168:
7166:
7165:
7156:
7155:
7152:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7038:
7035:
7031:fully part of
7027:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6982:
6976:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6950:
6945:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6784:Guinea-Bissau
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6642:
6637:
6635:
6630:
6628:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6613:
6606:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6569:
6568:
6564:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6305:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6225:
6215:
6212:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6134:
6129:
6127:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6073:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6029:
6027:
6023:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5957:Human biology
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5919:1-85065-589-8
5916:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5868:
5864:
5862:9781847011367
5858:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5843:9789004147362
5839:
5835:
5830:
5829:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5782:
5778:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5759:
5757:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5715:
5714:Nomadit.co.uk
5711:
5704:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5580:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5560:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5527:
5520:
5518:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5445:
5437:
5431:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5388:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5337:
5336:0-8230-7797-7
5333:
5327:
5321:
5320:0-8230-5926-X
5317:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5297:
5287:
5281:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5242:
5240:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5169:
5167:9781349951093
5163:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5076:
5072:
5071:Geography Now
5068:
5062:
5060:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4988:on 7 May 2017
4987:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4943:
4941:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4835:
4828:
4827:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4755:
4747:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4687:
4686:"Dissertação"
4680:
4678:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4638:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4599:
4583:
4579:
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4540:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4505:
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4478:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4239:
4233:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4182:
4178:
4177:www.afrol.com
4174:
4168:
4159:
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4144:
4138:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4120:
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4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3940:
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3932:
3926:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3842:
3832:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3763:9781844677719
3759:
3755:
3748:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3714:
3710:
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3699:
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3625:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3583:
3577:
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3573:
3571:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3460:"Nationality"
3455:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3425:
3407:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3349:
3342:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3185:are popular.
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3070:Cesária Évora
3067:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2941:Santo António
2937:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2899:
2889:
2881:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2786:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:Luso-Africans
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:Ethnic groups
2585:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:United States
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:United States
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2339:Dangote Group
2336:
2332:
2331:ChevronTexaco
2328:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2219:
2218:at Pinheira.
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2136:mixed economy
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2108:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:military base
1922:
1917:
1916:United States
1911:
1904:United States
1897:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1782:New York City
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:United States
1767:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1703:secret ballot
1700:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1649:giant sunbird
1646:
1645:São Tomé ibis
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:cloud forests
1598:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1541:
1540:volcanic plug
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:Cameroon Line
1475:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1427:Caué District
1424:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1280:
1277:
1269:
1266:November 2022
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1235:This section
1233:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:Maroon people
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1006:
996:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
950:
948:
944:
943:Cameroon Line
936:
931:
921:
918:
910:
899:
896:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
875:
871:
868: –
867:
863:
862:Find sources:
856:
852:
846:
845:
840:This section
838:
834:
829:
828:
824:
814:
812:
808:
804:
803:
798:
793:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:Pedro Escobar
758:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
700:
697:
695:
691:
688:
685:
683:
682:ISO 3166 code
679:
676:
673:
671:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
596:
590:
586:
571:
565:
561:
552:
546:
543:$ 751 million
537:
531:
527:
521:
517:
508:
502:
493:
487:
483:
479:
473:
469:
465:
461:
455:
451:
448:220,372 (
447:
441:
438:
434:
430:
424:
420:
416:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:
386:
382:
379:
375:
372:
369:
365:
361:
358:
355:
352:
346:
343:
340:
337:
331:
327:
324:
320:
318:
314:
307:
302:
301:
299:
297:
293:
286:
284:
280:
278:
274:
272:
268:
267:
265:
258:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
236:
230:
227:
224:
220:
215:
186:
183:
176:
171:
169:
160:
155:
137:
130:
126:
116:
112:
106:
100:
92:
86:
78:
72:
65:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
11158:0.317; 6.600
11134:
11067:
11020:19th century
11019:
11017:
10977:18th century
10976:
10974:
10946:17th century
10945:
10943:
10835:16th century
10834:
10832:
10798:
10755:16th century
10754:
10752:
10740:
10739:
10726:
10725:
10714:15th century
10713:
10711:
10666:
10643:20th century
10642:
10640:
10598:19th century
10597:
10595:
10566:17th century
10565:
10563:
10456:16th century
10455:
10453:
10419:
10399:18th century
10398:
10396:
10376:17th century
10375:
10373:
10074:(Nagapatnam)
9994:16th century
9993:
9991:
9967:15th century
9966:
9964:
9930:
9832:17th century
9831:
9829:
9801:Tarut Island
9672:16th century
9671:
9669:
9657:Middle East
9623:Anosy Region
9600:
9572:19th century
9571:
9569:
9538:18th century
9537:
9535:
9495:17th century
9494:
9492:
9396:Saint Helena
9364:16th century
9363:
9361:
9251:15th century
9250:
9248:
9205:
9106:16th century
9105:
9103:
9001:15th century
9000:
8998:
8986:North Africa
8825:Organization
8572:
8383:Burkina Faso
8139:CPLP Summits
8112:Organization
7934:Timor-Leste
7928:
7274:
7260:Abuja Treaty
7174:
7162:
7004:Îles Éparses
6894:South Africa
6884:Sierra Leone
6868:
6688:Burkina Faso
6511:Demographics
6501:Coat of arms
6445:Central Bank
6365:Human rights
6167:Colonial era
6146:
6056:
6055:
6010:
5992:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5932:
5925:
5910:
5909:(ed.) 2002.
5875:
5871:
5852:
5833:
5825:Bibliography
5811:. Retrieved
5797:
5785:. Retrieved
5765:
5743:. Retrieved
5733:
5713:
5703:
5691:. Retrieved
5658:. Retrieved
5649:
5625:. Retrieved
5616:
5607:
5595:. Retrieved
5559:
5547:. Retrieved
5543:
5534:
5525:
5504:. Retrieved
5495:
5463:. Retrieved
5454:
5444:
5430:
5418:. Retrieved
5409:
5386:
5363:. Retrieved
5354:
5326:
5300:
5296:
5285:
5280:
5268:. Retrieved
5248:
5229:
5220:
5208:. Retrieved
5204:
5194:
5176:
5157:
5147:
5137:16 September
5135:. Retrieved
5121:
5111:29 September
5109:. Retrieved
5101:theodora.com
5100:
5091:
5079:. Retrieved
5070:
5046:. Retrieved
5032:
5020:. Retrieved
5011:
5002:
4990:. Retrieved
4986:the original
4961:. Retrieved
4952:
4927:. Retrieved
4918:
4909:
4897:. Retrieved
4888:
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4852:
4841:, retrieved
4834:the original
4825:
4819:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4664:. Retrieved
4644:
4637:
4625:. Retrieved
4621:the original
4605:
4598:
4586:. Retrieved
4566:
4559:
4547:. Retrieved
4527:
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4493:
4481:. Retrieved
4472:
4463:
4453:29 September
4451:. Retrieved
4442:
4433:
4421:. Retrieved
4412:
4403:
4391:. Retrieved
4377:
4365:. Retrieved
4356:
4347:
4335:. Retrieved
4326:
4317:
4305:
4295:27 September
4293:. Retrieved
4284:
4275:
4263:. Retrieved
4254:
4245:
4237:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4211:
4207:
4197:
4185:. Retrieved
4176:
4167:
4158:
4142:
4118:
4082:
4066:
4061:
4045:
4040:
4024:
3996:
3972:
3967:
3951:
3946:
3930:
3925:
3909:
3885:
3880:
3871:
3855:
3850:
3841:
3831:
3815:
3787:
3780:
3753:
3747:
3737:29 September
3735:. Retrieved
3721:
3704:
3698:
3674:. Retrieved
3669:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3598:
3586:. Retrieved
3557:. Retrieved
3547:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3470:the original
3463:
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3428:
3404:Portuguese:
3400:
3389:Saint Thomas
3387:; English: "
3272:
3192:
3135:Staple foods
3133:
3098:Forro Creole
3091:
3059:
3058:
3049:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3012:influences.
2999:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2961:
2950:
2932:population.
2911:
2896: Other
2879:
2851:(6.6%), and
2827:
2822:
2674:, including
2658:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2591:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2541:Demographics
2535:
2508:
2502:and 2% from
2477:
2465:
2434:
2388:, where the
2383:
2375:
2356:
2324:
2304:
2287:
2278:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2228:
2220:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2171:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2088:
2087:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1976:Since 2013,
1975:
1953:Neighboring
1952:
1946:
1939:
1913:
1867:
1859:
1823:
1801:
1786:
1763:
1728:free country
1725:
1717:human rights
1714:
1707:
1696:
1666:
1656:
1651:), the rare
1626:
1617:Biodiversity
1599:
1588:
1533:
1490:
1471:
1439:the election
1432:
1422:Praia Inhame
1420:
1403:
1377:
1370:
1356:
1352:cohabitation
1348:
1337:
1334:21st century
1321:
1310:
1302:
1287:
1272:
1263:
1248:Please help
1236:
1203:Independence
1189:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1133:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1101:
1094:
1085:Cornelis Jol
1070:
1051:
1043:
1015:
1008:
986:
981:
977:
967:
963:Pêro Escobar
956:
940:
913:
904:
894:
887:
880:
873:
861:
849:Please help
844:verification
841:
807:Christianity
800:
794:
763:. Gradually
751:
727:archipelagos
710:
706:
705:
694:Internet TLD
670:Calling code
534:• Total
490:• Total
413:• Total
396:12 July 1975
389:• from
378:Independence
271:Christianity
241:Forro Creole
211:0.333; 6.733
165:
128:
115:Motto:
114:
105:Coat of arms
11156: /
11058:Upper Peru
11032:Cisplatina
10790:Nova Scotia
10767:Terra Nova
10356:(Sri Lanka)
10247:Cranganore
10106:(Kozhikode)
10059:Pallipuram
9844:Khor Fakkan
9797:1521?–1551?
9621:A factory (
9159:(El Jadida)
9133:(Essaouira)
9061:(El Jadida)
8893:LGBT rights
8786:South Korea
8588:Switzerland
8568:Saint Lucia
8488:Ivory Coast
8010:Ivory Coast
7653:Enlargement
7428:Secretariat
7390:Chairperson
7372:Chairperson
7282:Chairperson
7270:Lome Summit
7068:Pantelleria
6988:territories
6956:recognition
6899:South Sudan
6789:Ivory Coast
6005:‹ The
5589:. Cia.gov.
5465:25 December
4771:(1): 5978.
4423:16 November
3518:www.cia.gov
3114:Olinda Beja
3000:São Toméan
2859:(6.8%) and
2853:Principense
2469:refined oil
2449:Netherlands
2390:Netherlands
2379:cocoa beans
2231:agriculture
2201:coup d'état
2167:parastatals
2112:Agriculture
2058:Água Grande
1881:natural gas
1836:and one in
1564: /
1429:, São Tomé.
1381:became the
1372:coup d'état
1141:slave trade
1047:plantations
1035:in São Tomé
978:Santo Antão
651:Date format
602: 0.613
499:$ 1 billion
367:Legislature
287:2.4% others
277:no religion
209: /
11171:Categories
10786:1516–1579?
10776:1500–1579?
10763:1500–1579?
10634:Ilha Verde
10584:East Timor
10270:Tuticorin
10166:Chittagong
10072:Negapatam
10023:Cannanore
9952:South Asia
9787:1521–1529?
9756:1515–1633?
9632:from 1879.
9615:from 1753.
9507:Ziguinchor
9439:Madagascar
9273:Cape Verde
9172:(Azemmour)
8761:Mozambique
8756:Montenegro
8583:Seychelles
8523:Mauritania
8513:Madagascar
8503:Luxembourg
8408:Cape Verde
8129:CPLP Games
8020:Luxembourg
7919:Mozambique
7904:Cape Verde
7879:Membership
7774:Africa Day
7728:Currencies
7382:Commission
6975:Somaliland
6879:Seychelles
6844:Mozambique
6829:Mauritania
6814:Madagascar
6769:The Gambia
6703:Cape Verde
6528:Literature
6459:(currency)
6409:Presidents
6301:(mountain)
6057:Government
5950:Itinerario
5813:3 December
5787:14 October
5745:14 October
5355:World Bank
5351:"Overview"
5270:14 October
4869:14 October
4708:BioScience
4510:6 December
4483:2 December
4443:Africanews
4413:Africanews
3650:12 October
3444:14 January
3416:References
3380:pronounced
3372:Portuguese
3308: ...
3209:(CAF) and
3161:, such as
3076:Literature
3010:Portuguese
2924:and other
2918:Protestant
2824:Portuguese
2710:Portuguese
2649:Cape Verde
2645:Mozambique
2498:, 2% from
2494:, 4% from
2335:ExxonMobil
2184:, and the
2178:World Bank
2116:See also:
1971:Portuguese
1961:, and the
1942:Cape Verde
1797:Portuguese
1774:recognized
1744:corruption
1486:phonolites
1419:A view of
1408:, won the
877:newspapers
773:cash crops
747:Seychelles
654:dd/mm/yyyy
577: 56.3
437:Population
431:Negligible
317:Government
296:Demonym(s)
226:Portuguese
71:Portuguese
11252:Republics
11060:(Bolivia)
11041:1809–1817
11034:(Uruguay)
11028:1808–1822
11005:1772–1775
10995:1772–1775
10985:1751–1772
10964:1680–1777
10954:1621–1751
10931:1536–1620
10843:1500–1822
10659:(Hengqin)
10574:1642–1975
10553:1580–1586
10543:1557–1999
10537:Larantuka
10533:1515–1859
10523:1512–1665
10474:1512–1621
10464:1511–1641
10363:1558–1573
10350:1518–1658
10340:1518–1521
10293:Mangalore
10120:(Pulicat)
10038:1659–1661
9975:1498–1545
9910:1624–1648
9860:1621–1622
9817:1588–1648
9807:1550–1551
9766:1521–1602
9736:1515–1650
9716:1515–1648
9703:1515–1622
9693:1507–1643
9680:1506–1615
9590:1885–1974
9580:1879–1974
9559:1753–1975
9552:(Mombasa)
9550:Mombassa
9546:1728–1729
9523:1687–1974
9513:1680–1961
9503:1645–1888
9483:(Mombasa)
9481:Mombassa
9477:1593–1698
9465:1588–1974
9455:1575–1975
9445:1557–1578
9435:1508–1547
9425:1506–1511
9412:1505–1512
9402:1503–1698
9392:1502–1659
9382:1501–1975
9372:1500–1630
9349:1498–1540
9339:1482–1642
9326:1482–1637
9313:1478–1778
9303:1474–1778
9291:1471–1975
9279:1470–1975
9269:1462–1975
9259:1455–1633
9192:1577–1589
9179:1515–1541
9166:1513–1541
9153:1506–1769
9140:1506–1525
9127:1506–1525
9114:1505–1541
9078:1488–1541
9055:1485–1550
9045:1471–1662
9032:1471–1550
9019:1458–1550
9009:1415–1640
8746:Louisiana
8741:Lithuania
8686:Argentina
8679:Observers
8528:Mauritius
8243:Lusophone
8025:Mauritius
7955:Argentina
7943:Observers
7299:Geography
6986:Dependent
6834:Mauritius
6516:Languages
6470:Transport
6452:Companies
6394:Ministers
6355:Elections
6307:São Tomé
6252:Districts
6235:Geography
6172:governors
5544:oec.world
5496:oec.world
5048:5 October
4793:2041-1723
4728:0006-3568
4208:Lusotopie
3772:738350824
3713:Prosvjeta
3421:Citations
3183:omelettes
3179:seasoning
3163:pineapple
2969:Education
2898:Christian
2843:(36.2%),
2700:Languages
2686:Languages
2665:Europeans
2659:serviçais
2641:Serviçais
2628:Angolares
2410:Singapore
2404:(7%) and
2305:The main
2301:Transport
2063:Cantagalo
2046:districts
1846:NRP Zaire
1793:Lusophone
1740:in Africa
1552:6°34′00″E
1542:peak, at
1474:Oligocene
1450:Geography
1237:does not
1115:macambos
907:July 2017
765:colonized
660:Drives on
633:Time zone
524:(nominal)
336:President
308:Santomean
260:Religion
10958:Maranhão
10935:Barbados
10780:Labrador
10557:Nagasaki
10527:Makassar
10390:Mylapore
10367:Maldives
10344:Maldives
10213:(Mumbai)
10155:Mylapore
10025:(Kannur)
9775:Muharraq
9635:Part of
9628:Part of
9618:Or 1600.
9611:Part of
9406:Zanzibar
9296:Príncipe
9284:São Tomé
9198:(Asilah)
9185:(Mehdya)
9157:Mazagan
9131:Mogador
9120:(Agadir)
9095:Graciosa
9059:Mazagan
9038:(Asilah)
8932:Category
8888:TV5Monde
8812:Thailand
8781:Slovenia
8776:Slovakia
8443:Dominica
8438:Djibouti
8398:Cameroon
8393:Cambodia
8378:Bulgaria
8288:Category
8060:Slovakia
7924:Portugal
7828:Category
7706:Passport
7621:Politics
7364:Assembly
7164:Category
7082:Portugal
6934:Zimbabwe
6909:Tanzania
6759:Ethiopia
6754:Eswatini
6733:Djibouti
6698:Cameroon
6683:Botswana
6588:Category
6548:Religion
6377:Military
6343:Politics
6317:Wildlife
6272:Príncipe
6151:articles
6093:Archived
6007:template
5984:BBC News
5807:Archived
5781:Archived
5739:Archived
5693:28 April
5687:Archived
5660:27 March
5654:Archived
5627:27 March
5621:Archived
5591:Archived
5567:Archived
5500:Archived
5459:Archived
5455:VOA News
5414:Archived
5359:Archived
5308:Archived
5264:Archived
5131:Archived
5105:Archived
5075:Archived
5042:Archived
5016:Archived
4957:Archived
4923:Archived
4893:Archived
4863:Archived
4811:33293507
4746:28608869
4660:Archived
4582:Archived
4543:Archived
4504:Archived
4477:Archived
4447:Archived
4417:Archived
4387:Archived
4361:Archived
4357:BBC News
4331:Archived
4289:Archived
4259:Archived
4216:Archived
4181:Archived
3864:23718978
3836:221–243.
3824:23718978
3731:Archived
3715:: 20–31.
3641:Archived
3608:Archived
3522:Archived
3438:Archived
3217:See also
3137:include
3061:Tchiloli
3054:ballroom
2988:and the
2867:Religion
2847:(8.5%),
2828:de facto
2584:Angola.
2523:Thailand
2511:Portugal
2480:Portugal
2447:and the
2437:Portugal
2420:and the
2394:Portugal
2214:for the
2083:Mé-Zóchi
2004:Exército
1984:Military
1959:Cameroon
1890:São Tomé
1855:Portugal
1842:São Tomé
1825:Portugal
1814:Portugal
1804:Portugal
1673:Politics
1593:and the
1217:São Tomé
1102:macambos
1091:in 1641.
1066:Antilles
947:minerals
775:such as
735:Príncipe
731:São Tomé
713:, is an
618:Currency
391:Portugal
321:Unitary
185:São Tomé
36:Príncipe
11047:(Amapá)
10728:Madeira
10614:Coloane
10491:Ternate
10234:Baçaím
10224:Ponnani
10211:Bombay
10103:Calicut
10012:(Kochi)
10010:Cochim
9920:1624?–?
9884:Libedia
9850:1621?–?
9770:Bahrain
9746:1515?–?
9720:Quriyat
9709:(Ormus)
9707:Hormuz
9429:Socotra
9418:(Kilwa)
9416:Quíloa
9376:Malindi
9330:Elmina
9319:(Bioko)
9307:Annobón
9196:Arzila
9170:Azamor
9072:Ouadane
9049:Tangier
9036:Arzila
8902:Related
8851:Culture
8796:Uruguay
8791:Ukraine
8766:Ontario
8726:Ireland
8721:Hungary
8716:Georgia
8701:Croatia
8691:Austria
8608:Vietnam
8603:Vanuatu
8598:Tunisia
8578:Senegal
8558:Romania
8543:Morocco
8533:Moldova
8498:Lebanon
8423:Comoros
8388:Burundi
8368:Belgium
8363:Armenia
8358:Andorra
8353:Albania
8346:Members
8338:Members
8226:Culture
8090:Uruguay
8055:Senegal
8050:Romania
8035:Namibia
8005:Ireland
7990:Hungary
7980:Georgia
7950:Andorra
7887:Members
7767:Culture
7720:Economy
7683:Symbols
7322:Regions
7307:Borders
7227:History
7141:Socotra
7120:Melilla
7089:Madeira
7052:Réunion
7047:Mayotte
6919:Tunisia
6889:Somalia
6874:Senegal
6859:Nigeria
6849:Namibia
6839:Morocco
6804:Liberia
6799:Lesotho
6749:Eritrea
6718:Comoros
6693:Burundi
6668:Algeria
6572:Outline
6506:Culture
6484:Society
6428:Economy
6327:mammals
6267:Forests
6262:Islands
6159:History
6009:below (
5549:29 June
5506:29 June
5420:29 June
5365:29 June
5210:28 June
5081:29 June
5022:29 June
4992:29 June
4963:29 June
4929:17 June
4899:17 June
4843:4 March
4802:7723057
4773:Bibcode
4737:5451287
4666:21 June
4627:21 June
4588:21 June
4549:21 June
4473:Reuters
4445:. n.d.
4393:8 March
4367:8 March
4327:Reuters
3614:17 July
3588:19 July
3559:22 June
3528:29 June
3497:1644026
3476:17 July
3367:-sip-ay
3310:
3171:bananas
3167:avocado
3143:seafood
3124:Cuisine
3046:rhythms
3006:African
3002:culture
2996:Culture
2900:(10.2%)
2890:(71.9%)
2861:English
2849:Angolar
2805:
2792:
2788:English
2779:
2766:
2753:
2749:Lunguié
2740:
2736:Angolar
2727:
2714:
2705:percent
2672:Chinese
2573:Tchioli
2531:Nigeria
2406:Germany
2400:(13%),
2396:(14%),
2392:(19%),
2345:Banking
2284:Tourism
2101:Economy
1838:Coimbra
1766:Belgium
1658:Begonia
1641:endemic
1577:Climate
1549:0°7′0″N
1515:), and
1505:Annobón
1482:basalts
1385:in the
1342:party,
1298:Caetano
1258:removed
1243:sources
1192:Angolan
1139:in the
1087:of the
1073:mulatto
1023:Madeira
891:scholar
817:History
802:mestiço
717:in the
609: (
558:$ 3,167
514:$ 4,238
349:•
334:•
178:Capital
129:Anthem:
11144:6°36′E
11141:0°19′N
11068:
10925:Brazil
10922:
10912:Brazil
10909:
10896:
10883:
10873:Brazil
10870:
10857:
10847:Brazil
10799:
10742:Azores
10667:
10517:Tidore
10514:
10501:
10488:
10478:Maluku
10420:
10305:
10143:
10095:
10044:Quilon
10036:
9931:
9900:1624–?
9890:1624–?
9880:1623–?
9874:Khasab
9870:1623–?
9854:As Sib
9840:1620–?
9821:Matrah
9779:Manama
9740:Muscat
9730:Qalhat
9726:1515–?
9684:Gamru
9601:
9528:Bissau
9470:Cacheu
9263:Arguim
9206:
9084:(Safi)
9082:Safim
8771:Poland
8751:Mexico
8736:Latvia
8731:Kosovo
8665:Serbia
8660:Cyprus
8650:Gambia
8634:Quebec
8563:Rwanda
8538:Monaco
8473:Guinea
8468:Greece
8458:France
8403:Canada
8261:ACOLOP
8075:Turkey
8070:Serbia
7985:Greece
7975:France
7960:Canada
7899:Brazil
7894:Angola
7872:(CPLP)
7788:Theory
7696:Emblem
7691:Anthem
7586:AMISOM
7571:UNAMID
7423:Bureau
7332:Organs
7040:France
6997:France
6929:Zambia
6924:Uganda
6864:Rwanda
6819:Malawi
6779:Guinea
6673:Angola
6652:Africa
6593:Portal
6496:Anthem
6457:Dobra
6309:(city)
6284:Rivers
6149:
6026:Curlie
6012:Curlie
5968:online
5937:online
5917:
5892:216611
5890:
5859:
5840:
5773:
5334:
5318:
5256:
5164:
4809:
4799:
4791:
4744:
4734:
4726:
4652:
4613:
4574:
4535:
4337:8 June
4265:8 June
4222:8 June
4187:8 June
4149:
4125:
4089:
4052:
4031:
4003:
3958:
3916:
3862:
3822:
3795:
3770:
3760:
3709:Rijeka
3676:5 July
3495:
3393:Prince
3189:Sports
3169:, and
3155:banana
3043:socopé
2958:Health
2930:Muslim
2904:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2857:French
2855:(1%).
2775:French
2655:Tongas
2647:, and
2635:Forros
2617:Angola
2615:, and
2611:, the
2607:, the
2515:Angola
2504:France
2496:Brazil
2484:Angola
2457:Mexico
2453:Angola
2445:Brazil
2441:Poland
2418:Brazil
2402:France
2398:Poland
2386:Europe
2337:, and
2182:Taiwan
2176:, the
2078:Lobata
1967:French
1948:Brazil
1936:Others
1886:Luanda
1873:Angola
1869:Angola
1864:Angola
1830:Lisbon
1808:Angola
1748:France
1701:and a
1595:relief
1437:, won
1123:Amador
1060:, the
1058:Elmina
1011:Elmina
937:(1665)
893:
886:
879:
872:
864:
777:coffee
745:after
606:medium
593:(2022)
591:
568:(2017)
566:
522:
474:
275:13.2%
269:81.1%
262:(2020)
197:6°44′E
194:0°20′N
168:Africa
131:
67:
10886:Bahia
10624:Taipa
10547:Macau
10504:Ambon
10317:Hugli
10260:Surat
10191:Chalé
10181:Chaul
10131:Chaul
9904:Madha
9894:Kalba
9864:Qeshm
9811:Qatif
9791:Qatif
9750:Barka
9697:Sohar
9449:Accra
9144:Aguz
9013:Ceuta
8883:AFFOI
8655:Ghana
8553:Qatar
8548:Niger
8483:Haiti
8463:Gabon
8448:Egypt
8373:Benin
8065:Spain
8045:Qatar
8015:Japan
8000:Italy
7995:India
7965:Chile
7748:NEPAD
7591:MISCA
7556:ACIRC
7134:Yemen
7115:Ceuta
7103:Spain
7061:Italy
6904:Sudan
6854:Niger
6809:Libya
6794:Kenya
6774:Ghana
6764:Gabon
6738:Egypt
6678:Benin
6579:Index
6553:Sport
6538:Music
6440:Banks
6322:birds
6184:MLSTP
6049:from
5982:from
5888:JSTOR
5597:2 May
4837:(PDF)
4830:(PDF)
4689:(PDF)
4147:JSTOR
4123:JSTOR
4087:JSTOR
4050:JSTOR
4029:JSTOR
4001:JSTOR
3956:JSTOR
3914:JSTOR
3860:JSTOR
3820:JSTOR
3644:(PDF)
3633:(PDF)
3344:
3264:Notes
3175:spice
3151:maize
3147:beans
3066:Morna
3039:ússua
3027:Music
3016:Media
2837:Forro
2801:Other
2731:36.2%
2723:Forro
2718:98.4%
2680:Macau
2605:Gabon
2601:Benin
2527:Italy
2519:China
2500:Gabon
2488:China
2461:India
2414:Japan
2307:ports
2095:Pagué
2073:Lembá
1978:China
1955:Gabon
1834:Porto
1772:. It
1509:Bioko
1497:Gabon
1294:Gabon
1159:roças
898:JSTOR
884:books
781:cocoa
739:Gabon
664:right
640:
622:Dobra
611:141st
450:175th
419:171st
406:Area
281:3.1%
11054:1822
10736:1432
10722:1420
10097:1750
9091:1489
8593:Togo
8518:Mali
8493:Laos
8418:Chad
8040:Peru
7795:Afro
7701:Flag
7633:APRM
7581:AMIS
7576:AMIB
7400:AUCC
6914:Togo
6824:Mali
6713:Chad
6533:Flag
6370:LGBT
6207:2022
6202:2003
6197:1995
6192:1988
5915:ISBN
5857:ISBN
5838:ISBN
5815:2013
5789:2015
5771:ISBN
5747:2015
5695:2022
5662:2022
5629:2022
5599:2022
5551:2020
5508:2020
5467:2008
5422:2020
5367:2020
5332:ISBN
5316:ISBN
5272:2015
5254:ISBN
5212:2024
5162:ISBN
5139:2019
5113:2022
5083:2020
5050:2022
5024:2020
4994:2020
4965:2020
4931:2020
4901:2020
4871:2023
4845:2012
4807:PMID
4789:ISSN
4742:PMID
4724:ISSN
4668:2022
4650:ISBN
4629:2022
4611:ISBN
4590:2022
4572:ISBN
4551:2022
4533:ISBN
4512:2022
4485:2022
4455:2022
4425:2021
4395:2021
4369:2021
4339:2023
4297:2023
4267:2023
4224:2023
4189:2023
3793:ISBN
3768:OCLC
3758:ISBN
3739:2013
3678:2024
3652:2022
3616:2021
3590:2024
3561:2023
3530:2020
3493:SSRN
3478:2012
3446:2022
3391:and
3365:PRIN
3363:...
3211:FIFA
3139:fish
3116:and
3050:dêxa
3041:and
3008:and
2962:See
2839:, a
2809:2.4%
2796:4.9%
2783:6.8%
2770:8.5%
2744:6.6%
2529:and
2517:and
2473:wine
2459:and
2068:Caué
2033:and
1914:The
1879:and
1806:and
1776:the
1708:The
1681:and
1534:The
1484:and
1464:The
1322:The
1241:any
1239:cite
1211:The
1157:The
961:and
870:news
795:The
779:and
759:and
733:and
675:+239
564:Gini
464:69th
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10085:Goa
6650:of
6389:Law
6024:at
5880:doi
5205:BBC
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638:UTC
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