1801:
630:
869:
956:
1123:
376:
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1608:
1594:, which had been requisitioned for the war effort. Staff and machinery from Tower Hill were moved to the site, which started production in June 1941 and operated for the duration of the war. Over the course of the war, the Royal Mint was hit on several occasions, and at one point was put out of commission for three weeks. As technology changed with the introduction of electricity and demand continued to grow, the rebuilding process continued so that by the 1960s, little of the original mint remained, apart from Smirke's 1809 building and its gatehouses at the front.
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1666:; however, no such protests materialised. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from raw metals; thus completing the full minting process. Upon completion the final cost for the land, buildings and plant came to Β£8 million. Coin minting gradually shifted to the new site over the next seven years, and the last coin, a gold sovereign, was struck in London in November 1975.
2656:
1174:(0.05 oz); however, these standards meant losses were being made from overvalued metals. In one such case, Ansell delivered 7920.00 oz of gold to the mint, where it was weighed by an official at 7918.15 oz, a difference of 1.83 oz. Requesting a second weighing on a more accurate scale, the bullion was certified to weigh 7919.98 oz, far closer to the previous measurement, which was off by 960
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36:
1225:. On a second occasion in 1868, it was again discovered that gold coins, this time totalling Β£500,000 worth, were being produced with inferior gold. Although the standard practice at the mint was for rejected coins (known as brockages) to be melted down, many entered general circulation, and the mint was forced to return thousands of ounces of gold to the
2080:. In 2015, it was estimated that 2.4 billion coins were minted for overseas countries, exceeding domestic coinage production and providing over 60% of the mint's revenue from circulating currencies. The Mint also regularly produces commemorative coins for the collector's market, with a range of varying quality and made of different precious metals.
1178:. To increase the accuracy of weights, more precise weighing equipment was ordered, and the tolerance was revised to 0.10 oz for silver and 0.01 oz for gold. Between 1856 and 1866, the old scales were gradually removed and replaced with scales made by Messrs. De Grave, Short, and Fanner; winners of an
1143:). This building was flanked on both sides by gatehouses behind which another building housed the mint's new machinery. Several other smaller buildings were erected, which housed mint officers and staff members. The entire site was protected by a boundary wall patrolled by the Royal Mint's military guard.
2751:
Coins to be tested are drawn from the regular production of the Royal Mint. The Deputy Master of the Mint must, throughout the year, randomly select several thousand sample coins and place them aside for the trial. These must be a certain fixed proportion to the number of coins produced. For example,
1695:
coin production rather than the projected 20%. Despite this, the mint began diversifying its product range by offering items outside its usual coin-related merchandise. Around this time, the mint was selling different types of jewellery, commemorative plates and figurines, eventually creating its own
1622:
the nation's currency, thereby requiring the withdrawal and re-minting of many millions of new coins. At its current site on Tower Hill, the mint had suffered from lack of space for many years, and it would be inadequate to meet the anticipated high demand a recoinage would entail. A possible move to
1130:
Construction started in 1805 on the new purpose-built mint on Tower Hill, opposite the Tower of London, and it was completed by 1809. In 1812, the move became official: the keys of the old mint were ceremoniously delivered to the
Constable of the Tower. Facing the front of the site, stood the Johnson
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and for them to be minted using the new milled method. Few of
Cromwell's coins entered circulation; Cromwell died in 1658 and the Commonwealth collapsed two years later. Without Cromwell's backing of milled coinage, Blondeau returned to France, leaving England to continue minting hammer-struck coins.
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Argent on a cross between in chief two fleur-de-lys Azure and in base two towers embattled of four merlons Sable a bezant between in pale two stags heads erased Or langued Gules and in fess two bulls heads erased Argent armed Or and langued Gules, on a chief Gules between two crosses crosslet fitchy
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Before 1851, the making of medals at the mint was at the discretion of engravers who could undertake the work independently and receive an additional wage. A royal patent issued in 1669 granted the mint the sole right to produce medals of any metal that bore a monarch's portrait. Engravers would use
1751:
The recommendation was met with outrage by unions and opposition parties in parliament, who called it the "selling off the family silver" and said it would result in job losses. In contrast, the chief executive of the mint, Andrew
Stafford, welcomed the proposal, saying that it would lead to further
1373:
in 1910, all three branches were used by the
Commonwealth government to mint circulating coins for Australia. The Melbourne and Perth branches had capabilities superior to those in Sydney, and they took over production responsibilities for Australia when the Sydney branch closed after 72 years of
1189:
Ansell also noticed a loss of gold during the manufacturing process. He found that 15 to 20 ounces could be recovered from the sweep, that is, the leftover burnt rubbish from the minting process, which was often left in open boxes for many months before being removed. Wanting to account for every
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to stop issuing banknotes of Β£10 and above. To meet these demands, the Mint doubled its output so that by 1943 it was minting around 700 million coins a year despite the constant threat of being bombed. The Deputy Master of the Mint, John Craig, recognised the dangers to the Mint and introduced
1690:
on 1 April 1975, which required it to become self-financing. This measure proved successful, and the mint became more profitable through heavy exports. In April 1990, the mint became an
Executive Agency; however, by 2001, the mint had reported its first annual loss: a result attributed to only
1904:
In April 2014, the Mint announced plans for developing a visitor centre in
Llantrisant where members of the public could go on a guided tour of the facility and learn about the mint's history. The development contract, estimated to be worth Β£7.7 million, was awarded to construction firm
1623:
a more suitable site had been discussed as far back as 1870 when Deputy Master of the Mint
Charles Fremantle had recommended it in his first annual report. At the time, it had been suggested that the valuable land at Tower Hill could be sold to finance the purchase of land nearby
1345:
notes from 29 October 1855 indicate that the mint's
Bullion Office had purchased 14,000 troy ounces (440 kg) of unrefined gold in the preceding week alone, and the mint's overall coin output averaged over Β£1,000,000 yearly in its first five years of operation. In 1868, gold
1240:
After the high-level practice as deputy engraver in the Royal Mint, Charles Wiener went then to Lisbon in 1864 as chief engraver to the Mint of
Portugal. In 1863 he made a commemorative medal for Prince Albert (1819-1861), consort of Queen Victoria. (Victoria and Albert Museum).
2294:
coin with a face value of Β£100. A silver version valued at Β£2 was also released in 1997. Production of the previously discontinued uncirculated sovereigns and half sovereigns resumed in 2000. From 2014, a lunar coin series was minted annually in celebration of the
354:
Since 2018 The Royal Mint has been evolving its business to help offset declining cash use. It has expanded into precious metals investment, historic coins, and luxury collectibles, which saw it deliver an operating profit of Β£12.7 million in 2020β2021.
598:, were made by unauthorised minters across the country. By 1612, there were 3,000 such unlicensed mints producing these tokens, none of them paying anything to the government. The Royal Mint, not wanting to divert manpower from minting more profitable
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in 1967. A year later, the Royal Mint relocated to Wales and ceased its bullion bar interests, but the brand was revived in 2015. Bullion bars produced by the mint are stamped with the original Royal Mint
Refinery emblem and come in a range of sizes.
1522:
instructed that gold coins be removed from circulation to help pay for the war effort. The government started to issue Β£1 and 10-shilling Treasury notes as replacements, paving the way for Britain to leave the gold standard in 1931. The
1735:
costing Β£500 billion was announced to help stabilise Britain's banking system. This led to fears that the government would attempt to finance the cost by selling off state-owned organizations. In his 2009, pre-budget report the
787:. There, silver plates and foreign coins were melted down and, in some cases, just hammered into shape to produce coins quickly. Bushell was appointed the mint's warden and master-worker, and he laboured alongside notable engravers
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for conformity to required standards. The trials have been held since the 12th century, normally once per calendar year, and continue to the present day. The form of the ceremony has been essentially the same since 1282. They are
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1941:, opened to the public at a final cost of Β£9 million. The visitor centre includes an interactive museum, a view of the factory floor, an education centre, and a press where visitors can strike their own souvenir
522:, while the Warden was responsible for witnessing the delivery of dies. A specialist mint board was set up in 1472 to enact a 23 February indenture that vested the mint's responsibilities into three main roles: a
2289:
versions up to 1982 when production of uncirculated sovereigns was discontinued, though proof examples continued to be minted. In 1987, the mint started to produce a new type of bullion coin: the gold one-ounce
1253:
had been responsible for overseeing the practice since the position's inception in the 14th century. However, the refinery process proved too costly and suffered from a lack of accountability from the master. A
1165:
to resolve the mint's issues. In a letter to the Treasury dated 29 October 1856, Ansell was put forward as a candidate. He was appointed as a temporary clerk on 12 November 1856, with a salary of Β£120 per year.
2071:
coins struck for general circulation every year, with an estimated 28 billion pieces circulating altogether. Outside the UK, the mint provides services to over 60 countries, including New Zealand and many
1169:
Upon taking office, Ansell discovered that the weighing of metals at the mint was extremely loose. At the mint, it had been the custom to weigh silver to the nearest 0.5 troy ounces (16 g) and gold to a
1229:. Although Ansell offered to re-melt the substandard coins, his offer was rejected, causing a row between him and senior mint chiefs, which ultimately led to him being removed from his position at the mint.
304:
and is under an exclusive contract to supply the nation's coinage. As well as minting circulating coins for the UK and international markets, The Royal Mint is a leading provider of precious metal products.
2575:
marked the beginning of awarding military campaign medals. By 1874, the mint was responsible for making all bars and clasps for war medals in the country and was making campaign medals such as the
617:
in 1613. Private licenses to mint these coins were revoked in 1644, which led traders to resume minting their own supplementary tokens. In 1672, the Royal Mint finally took over the production of
1157:
was informed that unless the mint could raise its standards and become more economical, it would be broken up and placed under management by contractors. Graham sought advice from German chemist
1768:. As its sole shareholder, the mint pays an annual dividend of Β£4 million to the Treasury, with the remaining profits being reinvested into the mint. In 2015, Chancellor of the Exchequer
2547:
On occasion, the mint produces medals for government departments and under private contracts for clients such as royal societies, colleges, and universities. Most notably, the mint has made
1436:
on 21 December 1917 as part of a wartime effort. It struck sovereigns from 15 August 1918 until 22 April 1919 but closed in May 1919. A sixth and final overseas mint was established in the
1937:
towards the attraction which aimed to attract 200,000 visitors a year to the area. By May 2016, two years after its announcement, the attraction, designed by Rio Architects and now named
1627:
and pay for a new mint building. However, after many years of subsequent debate by parliament it had been decided that improvements could be made to the existing site at Tower Hill. With
1024:, was taken seriously by Newton, who went about trying to combat the country's growing problems with counterfeiting. By this time, forgeries accounted for 10% of the country's coinage,
849:
to the captured town. The exact location of the mint in Exeter is unknown; however, maps from the time show a street named Old Mint Lane near Friernhay, which was to be the site of a
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and private contractors. However, in 1922, a new medal unit created by the mint became the sole manufacturer of all Royal and State medals and decorations in metal, except the
2571:
the facilities at the mint to make commemorative medals of their own design for sale. A key date in the mint's history of producing medals for the military is 1815, when the
1886:
that would enter general circulation before the event. The Mint received over 30,000 entries, with a further 17,000 from a children's competition on the television programme
775:. However, this mint was short-lived, operating for no more than three months before Charles ordered Bushell to relocate the mint to his headquarters in the royal capital of
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362:. The first of this sustainably sourced gold is already being used in a new jewellery division β 886 by The Royal Mint β named in celebration of its symbolic founding date.
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1574:
several measures to ensure the Mint could continue to operate in the event of a disaster. Craig added emergency water supplies, reinforced the Mint's basement to act as an
1305:
expanded, with colonies being established abroad, a greater need for currency led to the Royal Mint opening satellite branches overseas. This need first arose in the then-
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1700:
range of collectible goods. This part of the business proved popular in attracting new customers, but it suffered from poor product development. Its products included a
1281:. Rothschild secured a lease from the government in January 1852, purchasing equipment and premises adjacent to the Royal Mint on 19 Royal Mint Street under the name of
6565:
3037:
1892:. In all, a total of 29 designs featuring a sport were selected by the Mint; the youngest designer was just 9 years old. A Β£2 coin commemorating London's handover to
6510:
1942:
2721:. Given modern production methods, it is unlikely that coins would not conform, although this has been a problem in the past as it would have been tempting for the
3098:
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838:
807:, where he continued minting coins until it fell to parliamentary control on 11 September 1645, effectively ending Bushell's involvement in the civil war mints.
1201:
In 1859, the Royal Mint rejected a batch of gold found to be too brittle for the minting of gold sovereigns. Analysis revealed the presence of small amounts of
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1262:
to an external agency, thereby removing the refining process from the mint's responsibilities. The opportunity to oversee the Mint's refinery was taken up by
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1249:
After relocating to its new home on Tower Hill, the Mint came under increased scrutiny of how it dealt with unrefined gold that had entered the country. The
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to issue silver and bronze coins. But this mint was short-lived, due to its coins being heavily debased, causing significant losses. The site was sold to
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796:
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In 2012 The Royal Mint had a network of hundreds of UK sellers of their products. This ensured competitive pricing and availability to the UK public.
2160:. Historically, the mint refined its own metal; but following the advice of an 1848 Royal Commission, the process was separated, with the independent
6550:
541:, but England was suffering from financial difficulties brought on by excessive government spending. By the 1540s, wars with France and Scotland led
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continued to expand, so too did the need to supply its coinage. This, along with the need for new mint machinery and cramped conditions within the
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since 1763, British coins circulated alongside those of other nations until 1858, when London started producing coins for the newly established
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https://www.royalmint.com/globalassets/__rebrand/_structure/about-us/annual-reports/reports/2020_21-royal_mint_limited_annual_report-p1-web.pdf
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pence while an English mark was worth 6 shillings 8 pence (80 pence). To bridge the difference between the values, unofficial supplementary
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1083:
united England and Scotland into one country, leading London to take over production of Scotland's currency and thus replacing Scotland's
817:
to build one or more mints in Cornwall, where he was instructed to mint coins from whatever bullion could be obtained and deliver them to
4202:
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stated that the Treasury would "explore the potential benefits of alternative future models for the Royal Mint". A month later in his
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1724:. In 2007, the Mint decided to resume its focus on coins, downsizing non-coin related business and discontinuing its Classics range.
1578:
and even accepted employment of women for the first time. For most of the war, the mint managed to escape most of the destruction of
2770:, who assay the coins provided to decide whether they have been minted within the criteria determined by the relevant Coinage Acts.
1146:
By 1856, the mint was beginning to prove inefficient: there were irregularities in minted coins' fineness and weight. Instructed by
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particle and knowing that it was physically impossible for gold just to disappear, he put down the lost weight to a combination of
549:, which saw the amount of precious metal in coins significantly reduced. In order to strengthen control of the country's currency,
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treatment plant and a plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was formally opened on 17 December 1968 in the presence of
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growth and secure the future of the business. On 31 December 2009, rather than being fully privatised, the mint ceased to be an
1448:
in its lifetime. As South Africa began cutting ties with Britain, the mint closed on 30 June 1941 but was later reopened as the
477:
In 1279, the country's numerous mints were unified under a single system whereby control was centralised to the mint within the
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Over twenty sites were considered, including suggestions for Scotland and Northern Ireland; however, the small Welsh town of
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Individual roles at the mint were well established by 1464. The master worker was charged with hiring engravers and managing
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2606:. Before 2010, all British military medals were made by the mint; however, they now must compete with other manufacturers.
1816:. 4,700 gold, silver and bronze medals were produced by the Mint; each medal was struck 15 times with 900 tonnes of force.
1455:
Although London's Royal Mint officially controlled just six mints, many more independent mints were set up in parts of the
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responsible sourcing programme. Investors can also convert RMAU into coins and gold bars. The Royal Mint partnered with
1378:
as a central mint for Australian coinage, the Melbourne and Perth mints were divested by the Royal Mint on 1 July 1970.
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833:, which had been under parliamentary control since the beginning of the war and was under constant threat of attack by
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3113:"The Royal Mint launch '886', a jewellery division using gold recovered from electronic waste | the Royal Mint"
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In addition to securing the medal product contract, the Mint held a competition to design a series of commemorative
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1005:, which had until then allowed the mint to act as an independent body producing coins on behalf of the government.
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to establish a permanent machine-made coinage. Despite the introduction of the newer, milled coins, like the old
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mint. Much less is known about the mint's employees, with only Richard Vyvyan and clerk Thomas Hawkes recorded.
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came to an end. For the next 200 years, no coins appear to have been minted in Britain until the emergence of
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The Royal Mint, in February 2020, listed its first financial product: the Royal Mint Physical Gold Commodity
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In 2022 The Royal Mint announced it was building a new plant in South Wales to recover precious metals from
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3099:"The Royal Mint to build 'world first' plant to turn UK's electronic waste into gold | the Royal Mint"
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The Royal Mint was historically part of a series of mints that became centralised to produce coins for the
129:
2744:) in which coins were placed for presentation to the jury. There is also a Pyx Chapel (or Pyx Chamber) in
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2063:, the mint produces all of the country's physical currency apart from banknotes which are printed by the
1764:. The owner of the new company became The Royal Mint trading fund, which itself continued to be owned by
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drive to raise funds, with the Royal Mint being up for sale alongside other institutions including the
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Vince, Alan (2001). "London". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).
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1333:. The Royal Mint's Superintendent of Coining travelled to Australia to oversee its establishment on
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Another important operation of the mint, which contributes half the mint's revenue, is the sale of
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During World War II, the Mint was important in ensuring people were paid for their services with
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903:, to come to London in 1649 in the hope of modernising the country's minting process. In France,
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1642:, was eventually chosen. Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a
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in the sixth and seventh centuries. By 650, as many as 30 mints are recorded across Britain.
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in all British colonies, and in February 1886 they were given equal status in the UK itself.
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2285:, which suffered from heavy counterfeiting. Coins were released almost every year alongside
1973:
In the same month, the mint took in 48 tonnes of silver recovered from the shipwreck of the
1682:
After moving to Wales, the mint struggled to be profitable as the Western world fell into a
1479:. It produced a few gold and silver coins before being shut down in 1862 to aid the city of
19:
This article is about the official coin and bullion producer in the UK. For other uses, see
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during the early 1970s. To combat a rising national debt, the mint was established as a
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was set up in 1848 to address these issues; it recommended that the refinery process be
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4618:"Royal Mint takes delivery of 48 tonnes of silver salvaged from site of WWII shipwreck"
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to facilitate the country's gold mines. The new mint was opened on 2 January 1908 by
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576:. Because Scotland had heavily debased its silver coins, a Scots mark was worth just
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799:, the last of whom was appointed Graver of Seals, Stamps, and Medals in 1643. When
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335:, where it remained until the 1960s. As Britain followed the rest of the world in
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656:. Additional branch mints to aid the one in London were set up, including one at
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1658:. There had been fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the
6080:
5722:
5549:
4397:
3450:
2752:
for every 5,000 bimetallic coins issued, one must be set aside, but for silver
2737:
2647:
2599:
2584:
2296:
2068:
1769:
1748:, he recommended that the mint be made a company with a view to it being sold.
1619:
1492:
1456:
1358:
1318:
1183:
1147:
1092:
1088:
975:
967:
932:
908:
896:
804:
792:
788:
573:
565:
442:
384:
336:
317:
274:
125:
5166:
4013:
1674:
1631:
set for 1971, the government quickly decided where to establish the new mint.
1607:
1530:
1293:
6484:
6259:
6135:
5972:
5666:
4479:"The Royal Mint appoints design consultancy for its Β£7.5m interactive museum"
3300:
2937:
2894:
2595:
2286:
1946:
1813:
1773:
1554:
1041:
677:
402:
313:
282:
4019:
3433:
2709:
in the full judicial sense, presided over by a judge with an expert jury of
1933:. To fund the development, a grant of Β£2.3 million was provided by the
931:; however rival moneyers continued using the old hammering method. In 1656,
6390:
5966:
5944:
5937:
5923:
5777:
5752:
5745:
4483:
4343:
4287:
4207:
3660:
2864:
2753:
2661:
2157:
2140:
2056:
1988:
1974:
1950:
1918:
1687:
1647:
1562:
1484:
1357:
The success of the Sydney branch led to the opening of similar branches in
1351:
1175:
1045:
1013:
959:
939:
916:
780:
669:
493:
containing the financial records of the London mint show an expenditure of
465:
434:
339:
its currency, the Mint moved from London to a new 38-acre (15 ha) plant in
141:
4595:"Royal Mint seeks exhibition designers as visitor centre plans take shape"
2748:, which was once used for secure storage of the Pyx and related articles.
6198:
5544:
5434:
5424:
4452:
3350:"Andrew Lamb, 'Poole, Elizabeth [married name Bacon](1820β1906)'"
2785:
2706:
2698:
2675:
2060:
2015:, the technology is to be created by technology companies AlphaPoint and
1983:
In 2015, after nearly 50 years, the mint began producing its own line of
1962:
1954:
1917:, as well as a handful of visitor attractions for sports clubs including
1765:
1635:
1628:
1612:
1393:. As Canada developed in 1890, calls were made for a mint to be built in
1330:
1302:
1259:
1171:
1084:
1049:
1028:
was commonplace and the value of the silver in coins had surpassed their
912:
764:
745:
693:
569:
531:
405:
can be traced back to the second century BC when they were introduced by
340:
301:
286:
235:
108:
4426:"London's Olympic Gold Medal Worth The Most In The History Of The Games"
1420:
6436:
5554:
2076:
nations, by producing national currencies or supplying ready-to-strike
2004:
1888:
1777:
1362:
1073:
1052:
equipment. Satellite mints to aid in the recoinage were established in
1029:
821:, a commander of royalist troops in the region. Vyvyan built a mint in
768:
752:
713:
689:
661:
591:
490:
44:
2759:
The trial today consists of an inquiry independent of the Royal Mint.
2281:
Minting of bullion coins began in 1957 to meet a demand for authentic
1980:(torpedoed in 1941), which was used to produce limited edition coins.
803:
took control of Oxford that same year, Bushell was ordered to move to
553:
were dissolved, which effectively ended major coin production outside
5523:
3465:"Medal | Wiener, Charles | V&A Explore the Collections"
3062:
2173:
2073:
2012:
1945:. On display at the centre are more than 80,000 artefacts, including
1721:
1701:
1583:
1579:
1214:
1136:
1002:
1001:
was ousted from power, parliament took over control of the mint from
826:
717:
701:
422:
413:. The first record of coins being minted in Britain is attributed to
344:
4668:
6462:
5147:
4644:"CME Group, Royal Mint test blockchain-based gold trading platform"
4505:
4402:
4314:
3878:
2713:. The trials have since 1871 taken place at the livery hall of the
2254:
2153:
2077:
1926:
1812:, the Royal Mint put in a successful bid to manufacture the Games'
1717:
1643:
1441:
1313:
threatened to undermine the colony's economy. In 1851 the colony's
1202:
1021:
834:
756:
725:
537:
In the early 16th century, mainland Europe was in the middle of an
418:
6230:
Chancellor of the Exchequer / Second Lord of the Treasury
4932:"A badge of honour β our pride in making medals at The Royal Mint"
1546:. The Royal Mint produced these until Ireland established its own
1217:, he persuaded the Royal Mint to allow him to experiment with the
1131:
Smirke Building, named for its designer James Johnson and builder
5359:
4647:
4078:
4051:
3966:
2859:
2149:
1984:
1906:
1639:
1503:
in 1868, and the mint machinery was sold to the Japanese Mint in
1374:
operation at the end of 1926. Following the establishment of the
1206:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1040:
whereby all coins were removed from circulation, and enacted the
907:
had been banned from the Paris Mint since 1639 and replaced with
829:. In December 1642, the parliamentarians set up a mint in nearby
685:
649:
519:
441:
in AD 43, they set up mints across the land, which produced
426:
35:
3400:
1582:, but in December 1940 three members of staff were killed in an
883:
established its own set of coins, which for the first time used
16:
Government-owned mint that produces coins for the United Kingdom
4958:"London 2012 Olympics: Royal Mint wins contract to make medals"
4430:
4367:"London 2012 Olympics: Royal Mint wins contract to make medals"
3929:
Annual Report of the Deputy Master and Comptroller - Royal Mint
2199:
1429:
1394:
1382:
1322:
1061:
830:
776:
705:
697:
673:
618:
611:
603:
554:
512:
486:
482:
446:
296:
Operating under the legal name The Royal Mint Limited, it is a
6167:
1365:, on 2 June 1872 and 20 June 1899 respectively. Following the
1091:. As a result, the Edinburgh mint closed on 4 August 1710. As
331:
for several hundred years before moving to what is now called
5347:
4569:"Everything you need to know about The Royal Mint Experience"
2016:
1504:
1433:
1309:, as the black-market trade in gold during and following the
1218:
990:("An ornament and a safeguard") was added to some coin rims.
888:
846:
822:
779:. The new Oxford mint was established on 15 December 1642 in
729:
645:
406:
348:
290:
199:
5196:
The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948
755:, marking the beginning of the civil war, Charles called on
568:
led to a partial union of the two kingdoms' currencies, the
3451:"Commemorative Medal for the Exposition Universelle Anvers"
3440:, Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessed 10 February 2017.
3038:"The Royal Mint Limited Consolidated Annual Report 2021β22"
2220:
2008:
1692:
1210:
1195:
1069:
891:
and were more plainly designed than those issued under the
741:
599:
595:
414:
256:
71:
3491:. Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales. Archived from
2810:
Argent a lion passant guardant Or armed and langued Azure.
1678:
Royal Mint logo before becoming a government-owned company
1198:, and different types of foreign matter amongst the gold.
879:
Following Charles I's execution in 1649, the newly formed
5614:
4528:"The Royal Mint announces plans for first visitor centre"
4456:
4398:"London 2012: Olympic medals go into production in Wales"
4203:"Privatisation of Royal Mint at Llantrisant rolls closer"
3739:
3524:. State Archives and Records Authority of New South Wales
2172:
continued the refinery's management until it was sold to
1341:, where it opened in 1855. Production increased quickly:
1191:
391:
5205:
A History of Money From Ancient Times to the Present Day
3545:"EF10/20645: Mint Building and Hyde Park Barracks Group"
1586:. Around the same time, an auxiliary mint was set up at
837:
troops. In September 1643, the town was captured by the
5168:
The Royal Mint: its working, conduct, and operations...
3633:
2551:
medals as well as many military honours, including the
1569:
by flooding the country with forged notes, leading the
825:
and was its Master until 1646, when it was captured by
676:
and established at least 16 emergency mints across the
5178:
The Spellmount Guide to London in the Second World War
4283:"Budget 2009: Thousands of public sector jobs at risk"
3854:
3842:
3301:
Great Britain. Treasury. Information Division (1986).
5735:
Sir Bartholomew Reed and Robert Fenrother (1492β1498)
5243:
New Westminster Album: Glimpses of the City as It Was
3390:
3388:
6342:
Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt
3803:
3282:
3258:
2822:
1428:
A fifth branch of the Royal Mint was established in
4453:"London 2012 Olympic 50p coins go into circulation"
2152:to investors and the general public in the form of
1618:On 1 March 1966, the government announced plans to
6156:Office abolished in 1879 with duties given to the
4243:
3385:
1995:brand. Then in 2016, the mint announced plans for
1444:on 1 January 1923, producing Β£83,114,575 worth of
1221:, and was ultimately able to produce 167,539 gold
1072:, with returned coins being valued by weight, not
6566:Organisations based in Wales with royal patronage
5321:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
4234:"Green Investment Bank bidders ready final offer"
4232:Pickard, Plimmer, Jim, Gill (11 September 2016).
1139:John Lidbury Poole (father of the famous singer,
449:reopened briefly in 383 until closing swiftly as
6511:Government-owned companies of the United Kingdom
6482:
4231:
3547:. Sydney: Department of Planning and Environment
2059:coins in the United Kingdom under contract from
2034:. RMAU is the first gold ETF backed 100% by the
5302:2017 Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1901-2000
5043:. The Goldsmiths' Company. 2004. Archived from
1491:requested the founding of an independent mint (
5641:Henry de Bruselee and John Chichester (1351β?)
5638:Richard de Snowshill/Richard of Grimsby (1331)
4730:"The Royal Mint Limited Annual Report 2014-15"
4694:"The Royal Mint Limited Annual Report 2015-16"
4661:
3715:Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Century Photography
1099:, led to plans for the mint to move to nearby
982:they suffered heavily from counterfeiting and
970:into Britain had failed, the restored monarch
966:In 1662, after previous attempts to introduce
767:, to move his operations to the royalist-held
6183:
5600:
5375:
4767:"Gold bars now available from The Royal Mint"
4554:"The Royal Mint Experience by Rio Architects"
1401:, producing coins for circulation, including
640:In 1630, sometime before the outbreak of the
5224:The Royal Mint : An Illustrated History
5086:
4391:
4389:
4266:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3542:
3294:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
1899:
1369:in 1901 and the establishment of a separate
911:. Blondeau began his testing in May 1651 in
845:, leading Vyvyan to move his nearby mint in
810:In November 1642, the king ordered royalist
445:for some 40 years before closing. A mint in
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
2594:, military medals were manufactured by the
1471:led to a mint being established in 1862 by
6190:
6176:
5607:
5593:
5382:
5368:
5352:
5240:
5033:
4592:
3745:
2926:"The Royal Mint Accessorizes With Jewelry"
34:
5171:London: Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange.
4980:
4978:
4386:
3023:
2697:is a traditional procedure to test newly
2055:As the sole body responsible for minting
1669:
1409:, the mint came under the control of the
895:. The government invited French engineer
763:, the owner of a mint and silver mine in
6551:Tourist attractions in Rhondda Cynon Taf
3900:
3764:Leisure and Cultural Services Department
3718:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 304β5.
3711:
3565:
3507:
2923:
2261:
2206:
2139:
1799:
1673:
1606:
1534:Engraving room at the Royal Mint in 1934
1529:
1419:
1292:
1231:
1121:
954:
867:
855:
664:seized control of the Tower mint. After
628:
485:were reduced, with only a few local and
464:
374:
6465:nominally associated with the Treasury
6240:Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
5299:
5280:
5266:. Oxford University Press. p. 70.
5184:
5175:
4955:
4822:"British Gold Sovereigns - Information"
4423:
4364:
4336:
4044:
3959:
3860:
3848:
3683:"The History of the South African Mint"
3639:
3536:
3438:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3354:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3307:. Information Division of the Treasury.
3276:
2717:, having previously taken place at the
1795:
1542:(later the Republic of Ireland) issued
1329:providing for the establishment of the
648:that ensured a steady supply of silver
6483:
5259:
5164:
4975:
4877:"British Chinese Lunar Calendar Coins"
4764:
4641:
4593:Montgomery, Angus (17 November 2014).
4280:
4170:"The Royal Mint Annual Report 2007-08"
3809:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3434:"Ansell, George Frederick (1826β1880)"
3394:
3233:
3202:
2067:. On average, it produces two billion
1808:After London was selected to host the
1638:, ten miles (16 km) northwest of
1602:
1244:
1161:, who in turn recommended his student
942:to cut a series of dies featuring his
915:. He initially produced milled silver
421:who around 80β60 BC imitated those of
6521:9th-century establishments in England
6396:Infrastructure and Projects Authority
6171:
5588:
5363:
5318:
5202:
5193:
5141:
5094:"The History of the Trial of the Pyx"
4688:
4686:
4615:
4566:
4476:
4227:
4225:
4200:
4138:"Royal Mint Annual Report 1999 -2000"
4026:from the original on 18 November 2021
3874:"1966: Britain to go decimal in 1971"
3653:"The History of the Indian Sovereign"
3482:
3362:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.111769
3288:
3264:
1515:In 1914, as war broke out in Europe,
1288:
1135:. Construction was supervised by the
6561:Companies based in Rhondda Cynon Taf
6271:Commercial Secretary to the Treasury
5221:
4956:Ruddick, Graham (16 December 2010).
4847:"British Queen's Beasts Coin Series"
4395:
4365:Ruddick, Graham (16 December 2017).
3596:. Gold Corporation Western Australia
3347:
2987:"Overview of THE ROYAL MINT LIMITED"
2956:
2954:
1321:a petition seeking a local mint for
1020:in 1696. His role, intended to be a
1010:Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax
751:After raising the royal standard in
610:who, under license, started issuing
6296:Permanent Secretary to the Treasury
6277:Lords Commissioners of the Treasury
6265:Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury
6251:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
5285:. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd.
4902:"Landmarks Of Britain Silver Coins"
4789:
3901:Mosalski, Ruth (30 November 2018).
3471:
3432:W. P. Courtney, rev. Robert Brown,
3426:
3236:"Cromwell Put is Portrait on Coins"
2890:List of British banknotes and coins
2682:
1804:2012 Olympic Medal made by the Mint
564:of England and Scotland under King
327:The Royal Mint operated within the
13:
6354:National Infrastructure Commission
6256:Economic Secretary to the Treasury
5389:
5245:. Dundurn Group Ltd. p. 148.
4869:
4839:
4814:
4683:
4222:
4106:"Royal Mint Annual Report 2001-02"
2880:Joseph Harris (British astronomer)
2299:; and in 2016, a series featuring
2265:
2238:
2050:
1913:, who had previously designed the
1822:2012 Olympic medal specifications
1597:
1325:, and in 1853 the Queen issued an
624:
14:
6577:
5685:Bartholomew Goldbeter (1421β1432)
5339:
5165:Ansell, George Frederick (1870).
4424:DeMarco, Anthony (26 July 2012).
4396:Hume, Colette (27 October 2011).
4339:"Royal Mint Makes a Mint β¦ Again"
4310:"Royal Mint privatisation closer"
4086:from the original on 10 July 2009
3960:Pearson, Arthur (26 March 1970).
3203:Morgns, Geraint (December 1999).
2951:
2924:Davidson, Annabel (27 May 2022).
2332:
2036:London Bullion Market Association
2026:(ETF): RMAU. It is listed on the
1413:and was subsequently renamed the
1182:prize award for work relating to
771:, possibly within the grounds of
6516:Currencies of the United Kingdom
6375:Office for Budget Responsibility
6349:Government Internal Audit Agency
6319:National Savings and Investments
5694:Sir Richard Tonstall (1459β1461)
5433:
4671:. The Royal Mint. 25 August 2015
3932:. Royal Mint. 1871. p. 13.
3543:Heritage NSW (12 January 2007).
3234:Julian, R.W. (23 January 2017).
3125:
3007:. The Royal Mint. Archived from
2839:
2825:
2784:
2756:, the proportion is one in 150.
2715:Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths
2668:
2654:
2640:
2626:
2611:
2164:being purchased and operated by
1968:
1756:and its assets were vested in a
223:
222:
206:
205:
189:
188:
172:
171:
6314:Government Actuary's Department
6235:Chief Secretary to the Treasury
6197:
5187:A New History of the Royal Mint
5134:
5108:
5096:. The Royal Mint. 27 March 2012
5059:
5003:
4949:
4924:
4894:
4765:Oliver, Dan (21 January 2015).
4758:
4722:
4635:
4609:
4586:
4560:
4546:
4520:
4498:
4470:
4445:
4417:
4358:
4337:Kollewe, Julia (24 July 2015).
4330:
4302:
4274:
4194:
4162:
4130:
4098:
4079:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4066:
4052:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4045:Taverne, Dick (17 March 1970).
4038:
4006:
3981:
3967:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3953:
3920:
3894:
3866:
3815:
3778:
3751:
3705:
3675:
3645:
3608:
3582:
3559:
3457:
3443:
3341:
3311:
3270:
3227:
3196:
3171:
3141:
3119:
2855:Banknotes of the pound sterling
1510:
1331:Sydney Branch of the Royal Mint
1126:Johnson Smirke Building in 2007
1106:
950:
644:, England signed a treaty with
460:
351:, where it has remained since.
5732:Sir Giles Daubeney (1485β1490)
4642:Irrera, Anna (11 April 2017).
4616:Evans, Carrie (4 April 2014).
4281:Bawden, Anna (22 April 2009).
3616:"Ontario's Historical Plaques"
3105:
3091:
3080:
3055:
2997:
2979:
2917:
1731:was another financial blow: a
1424:Hong Kong silver dollar (1867)
1213:. With Ansell's background in
1:
5263:Hong Kong: A Cultural History
5207:. University of Wales Press.
5198:. Cambridge University Press.
5189:. Cambridge University Press.
4477:Barry, Sion (13 April 2015).
4201:Blake, Aled (17 March 2009).
3568:"Collections: Melbourne Mint"
3522:"AGY-1730: Royal Mint Sydney"
3485:"A Short History of the Mint"
3483:Starr, Fiona (21 June 2016).
2910:
2797:
2732:The term "pyx" refers to the
2577:New Zealand War Service Medal
2045:
1814:Olympic and Paralympic medals
1772:announced a Β£20 billion
1660:Investiture of Prince Charles
1557:rather than banknotes. Under
1180:1862 International Exhibition
1111:
489:mints continuing to operate.
285:. It is currently located in
82:
5650:Walter dei Bardi (1375β1391)
5644:Walter dei Bardi (1361β1361)
4797:"Gold Britannias Index Page"
4567:Doran, Lorna (17 May 2016).
4506:"Mather & Co - Our Work"
4175:. Royal Mint. Archived from
4143:. Royal Mint. Archived from
4111:. Royal Mint. Archived from
3179:"The Testoons of Henry VIII"
1729:2008 global financial crisis
1469:British Columbia gold rushes
1337:within the southern wing of
1301:As Britain's influence as a
130:British Overseas Territories
7:
6506:Mints of the United Kingdom
6306:Non-ministerial departments
6158:Chancellor of the Exchequer
5691:Robert Manfield (1446β1459)
5647:John Chichester (1365β1367)
4015:Queen Opens New Mint (1968)
3356:. Oxford University Press.
3063:"About Us | The Royal Mint"
2962:"Records of the Royal Mint"
2870:Coins of the pound sterling
2818:
2779:Coat of arms of Royal Mint
2557:Conspicuous Gallantry Cross
2453:1 oz tr platinum
1896:was also released in 2012.
1738:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1517:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1350:minted in Sydney were made
1236:Gold Melting Process (1870)
606:coins, hired outside agent
21:Royal Mint (disambiguation)
10:
6582:
6225:First Lord of the Treasury
5688:John Paddesley (1435β1446)
5682:Sir Lewis John (1418β1420)
5679:Sir Lewis John (1413β1414)
5676:Richard Garner (1411β1414)
5241:Hainsworth, Gavin (2005).
5180:. Spellmount. p. 177.
3786:"Royal Mint: Branch Mints"
2686:
2135:
1787:
1746:2009 United Kingdom budget
1487:. On 26 February 1864, an
1297:Royal Mint, Sydney in 1888
1159:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
1115:
986:. To combat this the text
365:
293:, where it moved in 1968.
18:
6450:
6424:
6411:UK Government Investments
6383:
6362:
6327:
6304:
6286:
6215:
6205:
6154:
5954:
5873:
5852:
5793:
5721:
5660:
5653:John Wildeman (1391β1391)
5627:
5537:
5506:
5499:
5468:
5442:
5431:
5397:
5283:Coins and Coin Collecting
5144:The Encyclopedia of Money
4074:"HC Deb vol 170 cc390-1W"
3408:"1859 'Ansell' Sovereign"
2803:and granted 23 April 1982
2542:
2520:1 oz tr silver
2491:
2477:1 oz tr silver
2469:
2431:
2417:2 oz tr silver
2409:
2346:1 oz tr silver
2338:
2193:
1900:The Royal Mint Experience
1854:
1483:in becoming the region's
1311:1851 Australian gold rush
1307:Colony of New South Wales
1279:N M Rothschild & Sons
1153:, the Master of the Mint
370:
251:
241:
231:
214:
197:
180:
167:
155:
135:
119:
104:
99:(current legal structure)
78:
67:
54:
42:
33:
6457:are not currently in use
6003:5th Earl of Chesterfield
5300:Michael, Thomas (2016).
5281:Linecar, Howard (1985).
5260:Ingham, Michael (2007).
3712:Mattison, David (2013).
3304:Economic Progress Report
2762:The jury is composed of
2144:Royal Mint Refinery Seal
2086:Coins minted (billions)
1959:Janvier reducing machine
1915:Norwegian Olympic Museum
1565:planned to collapse the
672:, he was forced to flee
401:The history of coins in
300:that is wholly owned by
6117:William Ewart Gladstone
5420:Great Recoinage of 1816
5415:Great Recoinage of 1696
5304:. Krause Publications.
5176:Beardon, James (2013).
3566:Sharples, John (2010).
3128:"Britain's First Coins"
2773:
2496:1 oz tr gold
2436:1 oz tr gold
2365:1 oz tr gold
2007:to trade and invest in
1385:, which had been under
1367:Federation of Australia
1163:George Frederick Ansell
1038:Great Recoinage of 1696
1008:Under the patronage of
881:Commonwealth of England
409:tribes from across the
176:Β£1,403.5 million (2022)
6416:UK Infrastructure Bank
6337:Debt Management Office
6069:3rd Earl of Mornington
6009:2nd Marquess Townshend
5185:Challis, C.E. (1992).
5041:"The Trial of the Pyx"
4669:"About The Royal Mint"
3590:"The Perth Mint Story"
3149:"The Royal Mint Story"
2145:
1909:and design consultant
1805:
1712:clock combined with a
1679:
1670:Financial difficulties
1615:
1535:
1473:Francis George Claudet
1425:
1407:Statute of Westminster
1403:Ottawa Mint sovereigns
1298:
1266:, a descendant of the
1237:
1127:
963:
876:
865:
783:, the present site of
637:
515:bought for workshops.
474:
398:
302:His Majesty's Treasury
29:The Royal Mint Limited
6526:Currencies of England
6099:1st Baron Dunfermline
6063:2nd Earl of Clancarty
6021:2nd Earl of Liverpool
5997:3rd Earl of Effingham
5985:3rd Viscount Chetwynd
5979:Hon. Richard Arundell
5142:Allen, Larry (2009).
3790:The National Archives
3489:Sydney Living Museums
3348:Lamb, Andrew (2019).
2833:United Kingdom portal
2768:Company of Goldsmiths
2719:Palace of Westminster
2166:Anthony de Rothschild
2143:
2028:London Stock Exchange
2001:digital gold currency
1939:Royal Mint Experience
1803:
1677:
1610:
1533:
1525:Bombay Mint sovereign
1438:Union of South Africa
1423:
1405:. In 1931, under the
1376:Royal Australian Mint
1296:
1264:Anthony de Rothschild
1235:
1125:
1116:Further information:
958:
871:
859:
839:Cornish Royalist Army
632:
468:
451:Roman rule in Britain
389:ELFRED REXX [
378:
320:, and nations across
6209:1, Horse Guards Road
6093:1st Earl of Auckland
6087:John Charles Herries
6045:Lord Charles Spencer
5629:House of Plantagenet
5410:The Great Debasement
5203:Davis, Glyn (2010).
5194:Craig, John (2011).
5021:on 24 September 2017
4990:The National Archive
4986:"Royal Mint: Medals"
4912:on 25 September 2019
4777:on 22 September 2017
3759:"Hong Kong Currency"
3687:southcapecoins.co.za
2966:The National Archive
2905:William John Hocking
2634:2012 Summer Olympics
2590:At the start of the
2581:Abyssinian War Medal
2565:2012 Summer Olympics
2561:British Armed Forces
2515:Landmarks of Britain
2024:Exchange-traded fund
1923:Manchester City F.C.
1810:2012 Summer Olympics
1796:2012 London Olympics
1411:Government of Canada
899:, who worked at the
668:tried to arrest the
636:Civil War half-crown
547:The Great Debasement
227:Β£72.4 million (2022)
210:Β£72.4 million (2022)
74:and medal production
6469:held by Government
6129:Richard Lalor Sheil
6105:1st Baron Ashburton
5811:Sir Edward Villiers
5560:Royal Canadian Mint
5222:Dyer, G.P. (1986).
5015:hancocks-london.com
4372:The Daily Telegraph
4248:on 10 December 2022
4047:"Royal Mint (Move)"
3823:"Women in the Mint"
3693:on 15 December 2019
3495:on 10 November 2022
3467:. 19 February 1863.
3414:on 15 February 2016
3159:on 8 September 2019
2780:
2602:, which is made by
2311:
2184:
2162:Royal Mint Refinery
2087:
1993:Royal Mint Refinery
1961:and a selection of
1823:
1698:Royal Mint Classics
1691:securing 5% of new
1625:Whitefriars, London
1603:Relocation to Wales
1550:in Dublin in 1978.
1415:Royal Canadian Mint
1315:Legislative Council
1283:Royal Mint Refinery
1245:Royal Mint Refinery
995:Glorious Revolution
660:in Wales. In 1642,
439:invasion of Britain
417:tribes such as the
397:("Alfred the King")
243:Number of employees
30:
6496:886 establishments
6329:Executive agencies
6147:Vacant (1869β1879)
5805:Sir Richard Martin
5784:Sir Richard Martin
5739:4th Baron Mountjoy
5712:Robert Brackenbury
5705:Robert Brackenbury
5519:King's Norton Mint
5491:Warden of the Mint
5486:Master of the Mint
5067:"Trial of the Pyx"
4906:Royal Mint Bullion
3989:"A New Royal Mint"
3663:on 27 October 2019
3620:ontarioplaques.com
3570:. Museums Victoria
3329:on 1 November 2019
3011:on 26 January 2019
2930:The New York Times
2847:Numismatics portal
2778:
2723:Master of the Mint
2573:Battle of Waterloo
2309:
2301:The Queen's Beasts
2182:
2146:
2085:
1991:under its revived
1821:
1806:
1680:
1648:Queen Elizabeth II
1616:
1559:Operation Bernhard
1536:
1520:David Lloyd George
1485:provincial capital
1450:South African Mint
1426:
1299:
1289:Colonial expansion
1275:investment banking
1251:Master of the Mint
1238:
1128:
1081:Acts of Union 1707
1048:to own or possess
1016:became the mint's
964:
905:hammer-stuck coins
877:
866:
785:St Peter's College
658:Aberystwyth Castle
638:
594:, often made from
539:economic expansion
475:
399:
310:Kingdom of England
193:Β£18 million (2022)
28:
6541:Economy of London
6536:History of London
6478:
6477:
6473:
6458:
6246:Paymaster General
6165:
6164:
6111:1st Baron Taunton
6075:1st Baron Wallace
6057:3rd Earl Bathurst
6039:3rd Earl Bathurst
5744:Ralph Rowlet/Sir
5707:(AprilβJune 1483)
5700:(1461βApril 1483)
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5538:Historic branches
5529:Mints of Scotland
5460:Royal Mint Museum
5330:978-0-631-22492-1
5273:978-0-19-972447-5
5072:Royal Mint Museum
5047:on 21 August 2008
4881:taxfreegold.co.uk
4851:taxfreegold.co.uk
4826:taxfreegold.co.uk
4801:taxfreegold.co.uk
4508:. matherandco.com
3828:Royal Mint Museum
3371:978-0-19-861412-8
3279:, pp. 88β98.
3246:on 23 August 2017
3215:on 31 August 2012
3067:www.royalmint.com
3005:"Chief Executive"
2900:Mints of Scotland
2816:
2815:
2746:Westminster Abbey
2604:Hancocks & Co
2538:
2537:
2280:
2279:
2170:Rothschild family
2131:
2130:
2042:ETF firm HANetf.
1878:
1877:
1710:Edinburgh Crystal
1704:with an embedded
1527:was the Β£1 coin.
1497:British Hong Kong
1475:, under Governor
1268:Rothschild family
1087:with the English
938:ordered engraver
797:Nicholas Burghers
773:Shrewsbury Castle
642:English Civil War
267:
266:
113:Rhondda Cynon Taf
6573:
6501:Mints (currency)
6463:Sinecure offices
6460:
6452:
6442:Spring Statement
6365:non-departmental
6192:
6185:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6123:Sir George Clerk
6051:Charles Bathurst
6015:Sir George Yonge
5991:1st Earl Cadogan
5956:House of Hanover
5928:Charles Duncombe
5914:Charles Duncombe
5836:Thomas Aylesbury
5818:Randal Cranfield
5714:(June 1483β1485)
5698:William Hastings
5609:
5602:
5595:
5586:
5585:
5504:
5503:
5455:Royal Mint Court
5437:
5405:Trial of the Pyx
5384:
5377:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5348:Official website
5334:
5315:
5296:
5277:
5256:
5237:
5218:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5161:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5017:. Archived from
5011:"Victoria Cross"
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4982:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4908:. Archived from
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4853:. Archived from
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4773:. Archived from
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4739:. Archived from
4734:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4709:
4703:. Archived from
4698:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4597:. Design Week 30
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4393:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4265:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4242:. Archived from
4229:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4182:on 30 March 2016
4181:
4174:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4150:on 31 March 2016
4149:
4142:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4082:. 2 April 1990.
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3689:. Archived from
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3659:. Archived from
3657:goldsovereign.in
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3518:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3480:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3441:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3410:. Archived from
3404:
3398:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3325:. Archived from
3315:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3242:. Archived from
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3211:. Archived from
3205:"Making a Mint?"
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3155:. Archived from
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2921:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2802:
2799:
2788:
2781:
2777:
2695:Trial of the Pyx
2689:Trial of the Pyx
2683:Trial of the Pyx
2672:
2658:
2644:
2630:
2615:
2596:Woolwich Arsenal
2334:
2312:
2308:
2267:
2240:
2185:
2181:
2088:
2084:
1935:Welsh Government
1911:Mather & Co.
1824:
1820:
1754:executive agency
1742:Alistair Darling
1720:plate featuring
1714:millennium Crown
1588:Pinewood Studios
1576:air-raid shelter
1540:Irish Free State
1501:Jardine Matheson
1489:Order in Council
1465:British Columbia
1371:Australian pound
1335:Macquarie Street
1327:Order in Council
1270:and heir to the
1256:Royal Commission
1118:Royal Mint Court
1093:Britain's empire
1034:King William III
988:Decus et tutamen
827:parliamentarians
759:mining engineer
589:
588:
584:
581:
510:
508:
507:
503:
500:
481:. Mints outside
455:English kingdoms
381:Alfred the Great
360:electronic waste
333:Royal Mint Court
322:the Commonwealth
263:
260:
258:
226:
225:
219:
209:
208:
202:
192:
191:
183:Operating income
175:
174:
151:
100:
95:
94:(unified system)
90:
87:
84:
38:
31:
27:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6556:Bullion dealers
6531:Tower of London
6481:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6459:
6446:
6420:
6379:
6366:
6358:
6323:
6300:
6282:
6211:
6201:
6196:
6166:
6161:
6150:
6027:2nd Baron Arden
5958:
5950:
5877:
5875:House of Stuart
5869:
5856:
5848:
5797:
5795:House of Stuart
5789:
5725:
5717:
5669:
5656:
5631:
5623:
5613:
5583:
5574:
5533:
5514:Birmingham Mint
5495:
5481:Chief Medallist
5464:
5450:Tower of London
5438:
5429:
5398:Historic topics
5393:
5388:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5312:
5293:
5274:
5253:
5234:
5215:
5158:
5137:
5132:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4994:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4976:
4966:
4964:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4936:Royal Mint Blog
4930:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4913:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4830:
4828:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4746:on 13 June 2017
4743:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4710:on 13 June 2017
4707:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4674:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4591:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4565:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4537:
4535:
4534:. 24 April 2014
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4475:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4422:
4418:
4408:
4406:
4394:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4335:
4331:
4321:
4319:
4318:. 21 April 2009
4308:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4279:
4275:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4249:
4239:Financial Times
4230:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4118:on 13 June 2017
4115:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3746:Hainsworth 2005
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3642:, p. 1130.
3638:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3240:numismaster.com
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2991:Companies House
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2875:Inflation hedge
2845:
2840:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2800:
2776:
2727:precious metals
2691:
2685:
2678:
2673:
2664:
2659:
2650:
2645:
2636:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2592:First World War
2545:
2283:sovereign coins
2138:
2104:United Kingdom
2065:Bank of England
2053:
2051:Coin production
2048:
1997:Royal Mint Gold
1971:
1902:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1798:
1790:
1782:Companies House
1758:limited company
1672:
1664:Prince of Wales
1605:
1600:
1598:1966 to present
1592:Buckinghamshire
1571:Bank of England
1567:British economy
1548:Currency Centre
1538:From 1928, the
1513:
1461:New Westminster
1391:Canadian dollar
1339:Sydney Hospital
1291:
1247:
1227:Bank of England
1151:Lord Palmerston
1141:Elizabeth Poole
1120:
1114:
1109:
1101:East Smithfield
1097:Tower of London
953:
936:Oliver Cromwell
627:
625:Civil War mints
586:
582:
579:
577:
562:Union of Crowns
511:and records of
505:
501:
498:
496:
494:
479:Tower of London
471:Tower of London
463:
411:English Channel
373:
368:
329:Tower of London
298:limited company
255:
244:
215:
198:
185:
162:
160:
148:Chief Executive
145:
144:
138:
122:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
85:
62:limited company
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6579:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6476:
6475:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6371:
6369:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6333:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6292:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6274:
6267:
6262:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6207:Headquarters:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6172:
6163:
6162:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6139:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6084:
6081:George Tierney
6078:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6036:
6030:
6024:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5962:
5960:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5941:
5935:
5921:
5910:John Buckworth
5906:
5903:Henry Slingsby
5900:
5897:Henry Slingsby
5889:
5881:
5879:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5860:
5858:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5839:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5808:
5801:
5799:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5772:Thomas Stanley
5768:
5765:Thomas Egerton
5762:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5727:
5723:House of Tudor
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5671:
5658:
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5654:
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5642:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5625:
5624:
5612:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5589:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:Melbourne Mint
5547:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5476:Chief Engraver
5472:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5391:The Royal Mint
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5341:
5340:External links
5338:
5336:
5335:
5329:
5316:
5311:978-1440246548
5310:
5297:
5291:
5278:
5272:
5257:
5252:978-1550025484
5251:
5238:
5232:
5226:. Royal Mint.
5219:
5214:978-0708317174
5213:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5173:
5162:
5157:978-1598842517
5156:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5107:
5085:
5058:
5032:
5002:
4974:
4948:
4923:
4893:
4868:
4857:on 2 July 2017
4838:
4813:
4788:
4771:The Royal Mint
4757:
4737:The Royal Mint
4721:
4701:The Royal Mint
4682:
4660:
4634:
4608:
4585:
4559:
4545:
4532:The Royal Mint
4519:
4497:
4469:
4444:
4416:
4385:
4357:
4329:
4301:
4273:
4221:
4193:
4161:
4129:
4097:
4065:
4037:
4005:
3993:The Royal Mint
3980:
3952:
3938:
3919:
3893:
3865:
3863:, p. 579.
3853:
3851:, p. 177.
3841:
3814:
3802:
3777:
3750:
3748:, p. 148.
3738:
3724:
3704:
3674:
3644:
3632:
3607:
3594:The Perth Mint
3581:
3558:
3535:
3506:
3470:
3456:
3442:
3425:
3399:
3384:
3370:
3340:
3310:
3293:
3291:, p. 888.
3281:
3277:Linecar (1985)
3269:
3267:, p. 282.
3257:
3226:
3195:
3170:
3140:
3118:
3104:
3090:
3079:
3054:
3022:
2996:
2978:
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2897:
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2851:
2850:
2836:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801: 1561β62
2794:
2789:
2775:
2772:
2687:Main article:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2648:Military Cross
2646:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2623:
2619:Waterloo Medal
2617:
2610:
2600:Victoria Cross
2585:Ashantee Medal
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:38.61 mm
2524:
2521:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:32.69 mm
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:38.61 mm
2481:
2478:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2459:32.69 mm
2457:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2442:32.69 mm
2440:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:38.61 mm
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:Queen's Beasts
2407:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2397:22.05 mm
2395:
2392:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:32.69 mm
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:38.61 mm
2350:
2347:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2310:Bullion coins
2305:
2304:
2297:Lunar New Year
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:International
2115:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2069:pound sterling
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2032:Deutsche BΓΆrse
2011:. Operated by
1970:
1967:
1947:Olympic medals
1901:
1898:
1894:Rio de Janeiro
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1770:George Osborne
1762:Royal Mint Ltd
1733:rescue package
1684:deep recession
1671:
1668:
1656:Prince Charles
1611:Royal Mint in
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1512:
1509:
1493:Hong Kong Mint
1457:British Empire
1319:Queen Victoria
1290:
1287:
1246:
1243:
1148:Prime Minister
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1089:Pound sterling
1050:counterfeiting
1036:initiated the
997:of 1688, when
980:hammered coins
976:Peter Blondeau
968:milled coinage
952:
949:
933:Lord Protector
917:pattern pieces
909:milled coinage
897:Peter Blondeau
872:1658 Cromwell
851:1696 Recoinage
843:Prince Maurice
815:Richard Vyvyan
805:Bristol Castle
793:Thomas Rawlins
789:Nicholas Briot
761:Thomas Bushell
626:
623:
608:Lord Harington
574:pound sterling
462:
459:
385:Medieval Latin
372:
369:
367:
364:
318:United Kingdom
275:United Kingdom
265:
264:
253:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
220:
212:
211:
203:
195:
194:
186:
181:
178:
177:
169:
165:
164:
157:
153:
152:
139:
136:
133:
132:
126:United Kingdom
123:
120:
117:
116:
106:
102:
101:
80:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
56:
52:
51:
50:The Royal Mint
48:
43:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6578:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6456:
6449:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6432:Autumn Budget
6430:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6367:public bodies
6361:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6288:Civil Service
6285:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6260:City Minister
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6188:
6186:
6181:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6159:
6153:
6146:
6143:
6142:Thomas Graham
6140:
6137:
6136:John Herschel
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5973:John Conduitt
5971:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5893:Ralph Freeman
5890:
5887:
5886:Ralph Freeman
5883:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5865:
5864:Aaron Guerdon
5862:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5844:
5843:Robert Harley
5840:
5837:
5833:
5832:Ralph Freeman
5829:
5826:
5825:Robert Harley
5822:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5759:Sir John York
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5598:
5596:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5571:
5570:Pretoria Mint
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:Related mints
5498:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5436:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5373:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5355:
5349:
5344:
5343:
5332:
5326:
5323:. Blackwell.
5322:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5292:9780600500872
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5233:9781869917012
5229:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5117:
5111:
5095:
5089:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5006:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4963:
4962:The Telegraph
4959:
4952:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4725:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4670:
4664:
4649:
4645:
4638:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4596:
4589:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4555:
4549:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4507:
4501:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4473:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4420:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4390:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4361:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4263:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4228:
4226:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4197:
4178:
4171:
4165:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4114:
4107:
4101:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4041:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4009:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3941:
3939:9781340858254
3935:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3845:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3812:, p. 70.
3811:
3806:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3747:
3742:
3727:
3725:9781135873271
3721:
3717:
3716:
3708:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3569:
3562:
3546:
3539:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3466:
3460:
3452:
3446:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3373:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3214:
3210:
3209:Country Quest
3206:
3199:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3129:
3126:Rudd, Chris.
3122:
3114:
3108:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3083:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:List of mints
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2837:
2834:
2823:
2808:
2805:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2677:
2671:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:Defence Medal
2550:
2534:
2531:
2529:31.21 g
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:31.21 g
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2486:31.21 g
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2462:31.21 g
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:31.21 g
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2426:62.42 g
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2400:7.988 g
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2374:31.21 g
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:31.21 g
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:Bullion bars
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:in 1852. The
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1969:Recent events
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:50 pence coin
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:privatisation
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:Prince Philip
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1609:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:hard currency
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:its own coins
1541:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:James Douglas
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:multinational
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:Thomas Graham
1152:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:Robert Smirke
1124:
1119:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:Coin Act 1696
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
957:
948:
945:
941:
937:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
870:
863:
860:Commonwealth
858:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:
808:
806:
802:
801:Prince Rupert
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
678:British Isles
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
635:
631:
622:
620:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:In 1603, the
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
467:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:Great Britain
396:
393:
390:
387:inscription:
386:
382:
377:
363:
361:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
314:Great Britain
311:
306:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
283:British coins
280:
276:
272:
262:
254:
250:
246:
240:
237:
234:
230:
221:
218:
213:
204:
201:
196:
187:
184:
179:
170:
166:
158:
154:
149:
143:
140:
134:
131:
127:
124:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
97:16 July 2009
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
46:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
6466:
6454:
6405:
6401:Reclaim Fund
6391:Crown Estate
6384:Other bodies
6269:
5967:Isaac Newton
5945:Isaac Newton
5938:Thomas Neale
5924:Thomas Neale
5778:John Lonyson
5753:Martin Bowes
5746:Martin Bowes
5619:
5390:
5320:
5301:
5282:
5262:
5242:
5223:
5204:
5195:
5186:
5177:
5167:
5143:
5135:Bibliography
5122:18 September
5120:. Retrieved
5118:. Royal Mint
5116:"Royal Mint"
5110:
5098:. Retrieved
5088:
5076:. Retrieved
5070:
5061:
5049:. Retrieved
5045:the original
5035:
5023:. Retrieved
5019:the original
5014:
5005:
4995:24 September
4993:. Retrieved
4965:. Retrieved
4961:
4951:
4939:. Retrieved
4935:
4926:
4916:21 September
4914:. Retrieved
4910:the original
4905:
4896:
4884:. Retrieved
4880:
4871:
4859:. Retrieved
4855:the original
4850:
4841:
4829:. Retrieved
4825:
4816:
4804:. Retrieved
4800:
4791:
4779:. Retrieved
4775:the original
4770:
4760:
4748:. Retrieved
4741:the original
4736:
4724:
4712:. Retrieved
4705:the original
4700:
4673:. Retrieved
4663:
4651:. Retrieved
4637:
4625:. Retrieved
4622:Wales Online
4621:
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4588:
4576:. Retrieved
4573:Wales Online
4572:
4562:
4548:
4536:. Retrieved
4531:
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4500:
4488:. Retrieved
4484:Wales Online
4482:
4472:
4460:. Retrieved
4447:
4435:. Retrieved
4429:
4419:
4407:. Retrieved
4401:
4376:. Retrieved
4370:
4360:
4348:. Retrieved
4344:The Guardian
4342:
4332:
4320:. Retrieved
4313:
4304:
4292:. Retrieved
4288:The Guardian
4286:
4276:
4250:. Retrieved
4245:the original
4237:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:Wales Online
4206:
4196:
4184:. Retrieved
4177:the original
4164:
4152:. Retrieved
4145:the original
4132:
4120:. Retrieved
4113:the original
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4077:
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4050:
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4014:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3992:
3983:
3971:. Retrieved
3965:
3962:"Royal Mint"
3955:
3943:. Retrieved
3928:
3922:
3910:. Retrieved
3906:
3896:
3884:. Retrieved
3882:. March 1966
3877:
3868:
3861:Challis 1992
3856:
3849:Beardon 2013
3844:
3832:. Retrieved
3826:
3817:
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3762:
3753:
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3714:
3707:
3695:. Retrieved
3691:the original
3686:
3677:
3665:. Retrieved
3661:the original
3656:
3647:
3640:Michael 2016
3635:
3623:. Retrieved
3619:
3610:
3598:. Retrieved
3593:
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3561:
3549:. Retrieved
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3497:. Retrieved
3493:the original
3488:
3459:
3445:
3437:
3428:
3416:. Retrieved
3412:the original
3402:
3375:. Retrieved
3353:
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3327:the original
3322:
3319:"Tower Hill"
3313:
3303:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3244:the original
3239:
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:the original
3208:
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3182:
3173:
3161:. Retrieved
3157:the original
3152:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3121:
3107:
3093:
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3066:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3043:. Royal Mint
3013:. Retrieved
3009:the original
2999:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2941:. Retrieved
2929:
2919:
2885:Kevin Clancy
2865:Bullion coin
2761:
2758:
2754:Maundy money
2750:
2741:
2731:
2692:
2662:George Cross
2589:
2569:
2546:
2513:
2472:Lunar Series
2470:
2410:
2384:
2339:
2161:
2147:
2057:legal tender
2054:
2021:
1992:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1963:trial plates
1951:pattern coin
1938:
1919:Chelsea F.C.
1903:
1887:
1881:
1855:Composition
1807:
1791:
1761:
1750:
1726:
1697:
1688:trading fund
1681:
1633:
1617:
1552:
1537:
1514:
1511:1914 to 1966
1454:
1427:
1387:British rule
1380:
1356:
1352:legal tender
1300:
1282:
1248:
1239:
1200:
1188:
1168:
1145:
1129:
1107:1805 to 1914
1078:
1046:high treason
1044:, making it
1014:Isaac Newton
1007:
992:
987:
965:
960:Isaac Newton
951:1660 to 1805
940:Thomas Simon
887:rather than
878:
819:Ralph Hopton
809:
781:New Inn Hall
750:
670:Five Members
639:
559:
536:
517:
476:
461:1279 to 1672
437:began their
433:. After the
400:
394:
388:
357:
353:
337:decimalising
326:
307:
295:
277:'s official
270:
268:
217:Total equity
200:Total assets
142:Anne Jessopp
105:Headquarters
55:Company type
25:
6546:Llantrisant
6491:HM Treasury
6453:Offices in
6199:HM Treasury
6144:(1855β1869)
6138:(1850β1855)
6131:(1846β1850)
6125:(1845β1846)
6119:(1841β1845)
6113:(1835β1841)
6101:(1834β1835)
6095:(1830β1834)
6089:(1828β1830)
6083:(1827β1828)
6077:(1823β1827)
6071:(1814β1823)
6065:(1812β1814)
6059:(1807β1812)
6053:(1806β1807)
6041:(1804β1806)
6035:(1802β1804)
6029:(1801β1802)
6023:(1799β1801)
6017:(1794β1799)
6011:(1790β1794)
6005:(1789β1790)
5999:(1784β1789)
5993:(1769β1784)
5987:(1745β1769)
5981:(1737β1745)
5975:(1727β1737)
5969:(1714β1727)
5959:(1714β1901)
5947:(1700β1714)
5940:(1686β1699)
5934:(1684β1686)
5932:James Hoare
5920:(1680β1684)
5918:James Hoare
5905:(1667β1680)
5899:(1662β1667)
5888:(1660β1662)
5878:(1660β1714)
5866:(1649β1653)
5857:(1649β1660)
5854:Interregnum
5845:(1643β1649)
5838:(1635β1643)
5827:(1626β1635)
5820:(1623β1626)
5813:(1617β1623)
5807:(1603β1609)
5798:(1603β1649)
5786:(1582β1603)
5780:(1571β1582)
5774:(1560β1571)
5767:(1553β1555)
5761:(1547β1553)
5741:(1509β1534)
5726:(1485β1603)
5670:(1399β1485)
5632:(1216β1399)
5622:(1331β1879)
5565:Mumbai Mint
5545:Sydney Mint
5425:Decimal Day
5078:17 February
5051:2 September
3907:WalesOnline
3810:Ingham 2007
3600:10 November
3574:10 November
3551:10 November
3528:10 November
3499:10 November
3395:Ansell 1870
2676:Arctic Star
2320:Face value
2273:500 g
2270:100 g
2246:500 g
2243:100 g
2212:500 g
2209:100 g
2061:HM Treasury
2040:white label
1955:Edward VIII
1850:357 g
1847:412 g
1844:412 g
1766:HM Treasury
1636:Llantrisant
1629:Decimal Day
1613:Llantrisant
1303:world power
1172:pennyweight
1085:Pound Scots
921:half-crowns
913:Drury House
765:Aberystwyth
746:siege money
724:, parts of
722:Scarborough
592:token coins
570:pound Scots
551:monasteries
532:comptroller
443:Roman coins
429:instead of
341:Llantrisant
287:Llantrisant
236:HM Treasury
121:Area served
109:Llantrisant
59:State-owned
6485:Categories
6437:Budget day
6406:Royal Mint
6363:Executive
6033:John Smyth
5661:Houses of
5620:Royal Mint
5555:Perth Mint
4020:PathΓ© News
3834:28 October
3418:8 February
3323:Royal Mint
3289:Davis 2010
3265:Allen 2009
3153:Royal Mint
2911:References
2806:Escutcheon
2736:chest (in
2583:, and the
2563:. For the
2391:Sovereign
2276:1 kg
2266:oz tr
2249:1 kg
2239:oz tr
2234:10 g
2215:1 kg
2046:Operations
2005:blockchain
2003:that uses
1931:Springboks
1929:, and the
1889:Blue Peter
1870:97% copper
1865:93% silver
1860:93% silver
1858:1.34% gold
1778:Met Office
1620:decimalise
1446:sovereigns
1432:(Bombay),
1348:sovereigns
1260:outsourced
1223:sovereigns
1112:Tower Hill
1074:face value
1030:face value
993:After the
972:Charles II
901:Paris Mint
769:Shrewsbury
753:Nottingham
744:(see also
728:including
714:Pontefract
690:Colchester
662:parliament
654:Tower mint
543:Henry VIII
491:Pipe rolls
271:Royal Mint
259:.royalmint
137:Key people
86: 886
45:Trade name
6217:Ministers
5663:Lancaster
5524:Soho Mint
5469:Positions
4675:25 August
4262:cite news
3945:30 August
3912:30 August
3886:30 August
3377:13 August
3183:AMR Coins
3015:4 January
2938:0362-4331
2725:to steal
2386:Sovereign
2341:Britannia
2329:Fineness
2323:Diameter
2292:Britannia
2231:5 g
2228:1 g
2191:Fineness
2174:Engelhard
2078:planchets
2074:Caribbean
2013:CME Group
1999:(RMG), a
1987:bars and
1977:Gairsoppa
1884:50p coins
1874:0.5% tin
1872:2.5% zinc
1867:7% copper
1862:6% copper
1722:Britannia
1702:hip flask
1580:the Blitz
1399:Lord Grey
1359:Melbourne
1343:assayer's
1215:chemistry
1137:architect
1003:the Crown
974:recalled
929:sixpences
925:shillings
738:Worcester
718:Salisbury
702:Edinburgh
666:Charles I
634:Charles I
621:coinage.
615:farthings
545:to enact
495:Β£729 17s
487:episcopal
431:hammering
423:Marseille
345:Glamorgan
312:, all of
89:(origins)
6467:de facto
5507:Domestic
5148:ABC-CLIO
5100:27 March
5025:20 April
4967:30 April
4886:30 April
4861:30 April
4831:30 April
4806:30 April
4781:29 April
4750:30 April
4714:30 April
4578:28 April
4538:28 April
4403:BBC News
4315:BBC News
4294:22 April
4084:Archived
4058:28 April
4030:28 April
4024:Archived
3998:28 April
3973:28 April
3879:BBC News
3731:20 April
3333:28 April
2943:14 April
2819:See also
2796:Drafted
2711:assayers
2559:for the
2555:and the
2255:Platinum
2194:Weights
1927:FC Porto
1718:Wedgwood
1716:, and a
1584:air raid
1481:Victoria
1442:Pretoria
1277:company
1203:antimony
1184:balances
1026:clipping
1022:sinecure
999:James II
984:clipping
893:monarchy
835:loyalist
757:loyalist
734:Weymouth
726:Cornwall
682:Carlisle
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