1217:(even in relation to other Pontic dialects) and as the living language that is closest to Ancient Greek. Because a majority of the population of these districts converted to Islam during the 17th to 19th centuries, some Arabic and Turkish loanwords have been adopted in the language. According to Vahit Tursun, writer of the Romeika-Turkish dictionary, loanwords from the neighboring Laz speakers of Rize province are strikingly absent in the Romeika vocabulary of Trabzon natives.
6341:
6023:
5500:
268:
5828:
5645:
6011:
2653:
353:
1017:
during the 11th century AD, Pontus became isolated from many of the regions of the
Byzantine Empire. The Pontians remained somewhat isolated from the mainland Greeks, causing Pontic Greek to develop separately and distinctly from the rest of the mainland Greek. However, the language has also been
1305:
In urban areas in Greece the language is no longer spoken in daily life but in villages and towns with more homogeneous Pontic population, located mostly in the northern part of country, the language is still in active daily usage. Many radio stations broadcast in the Pontic language, and many
4710:Τομπαΐδης, Δ.Ε. ϗ Συμεωνίδης, Χ.Π. 2002. Συμπλήρωμα στο Ιστορικόν Λεξικόν της Ποντικής Διαλέκτου του Α.Α. Παπαδόπουλου. Αθήνα: Αρχείον Πόντου. (Tompaidis, D.E. and Simeonidis, C.P. 2002. Additions to the Historical Lexicon of the Pontic Dialect of A.A. Papadopoulos. Athens: Archeion Pontou.)
5445:
4793:
1174:. As few as 5,000 people are reported to speak it. There are however estimates that show the real number of the speakers as considerably higher. Speakers of Ophitic/Romeyka are concentrated in the eastern districts of Trabzon province:
1601:
uses Greek script: it has adopted εα, εο for these vowels, to avoid clashes with Modern Greek ια, ιο, and uses digraphs from the Soviet system instead of diacritics, but otherwise follows historical orthography.
4713:Παπαδόπουλος, Α.Α. 1955. Ιστορική Γραμματική της Ποντικής Διαλέκτου. Αθήνα: Επιτροπή Ποντιακών Μελετών. (Papadopoulos, A.A. 1955. Historical Grammar of the Pontic Dialect. Athens: Committee for Pontian Studies.)
4722:Τοπχαράς, Κονσταντίνος. 1998 . Η Γραμματική της Ποντιακής: Ι Γραματικι τι Ρομεικυ τι Ποντεικυ τι Γλοςας. Θεσσαλονίκη: Αφοί Κυριακίδη. (Topcharas, K. 1998 . The Grammar of Pontic. Thessaloniki: Afoi Kiriakidi.)
4090:
4389:
4716:Παπαδόπουλος, Α.Α. 1958–61. Ιστορικόν Λεξικόν της Ποντικής Διαλέκτου. 2 τόμ. Αθήνα: Μυρτίδης. (Papadopoulos, A.A. 1958–61. Historical Lexicon of the Pontic Dialect. 2 volumes. Athens: Mirtidis.)
319:
1168:
and have partly retained the Pontic language until today. Their dialect, which forms part of the
Trapezountiac subgroup, is called "Ophitic" by linguists, but speakers generally call it
1522:
The language has a rich oral tradition and folklore and Pontic songs are particularly popular in Greece. There is also some limited production of modern literature in Pontic, including
732:
of the Middle Ages. Following its geographic isolation from the rest of the Greek–speaking world, Pontic continued to develop separately along with other
Anatolian Greek dialects, like
4719:Οικονομίδης, Δ.Η. 1958. Γραμματική της Ελληνικής Διαλέκτου του Πόντου. Αθήνα: Ακαδημία Αθηνών. (Oikonomidis, D.I. 1958. Grammar of the Greek Dialect of Pontos. Athens: Athens Academy.)
2722:
The vowel "η" sometimes merged with "ε" rather than "ι" (κέπιν = κήπιον, κλέφτες = κλέπτης, συνέλικος = συνήλικος, νύφε = νύ(μ)φη, έγκα = ἤνεγκον, έτον = ἦτον, έκουσα = ἤκουσα etc.).
4205:
1511:
893:). The term "Pontic" originated in scholarly usage, but it has been adopted as a mark of identity by Pontic Greeks living in Greece, where the language is commonly called
4626:
5488:
3830:
4397:
1432:
5466:
3714:
Armostis, Spyros; Voniati, Louiza; Drosos, Konstantinos; Tafiadis, Dionysios (2022). "Trapezountian Pontic Greek in
Etoloakarnania". Illustrations of the IPA.
1537:. The youth often speak standard Greek as their first language. The use of Pontic has been maintained more by speakers in North America than it has in Greece.
4776:
1581:. In early Soviet times, Pontic was written in the Greek alphabet phonetically, as shown below, using digraphs instead of diacritics; were written out as
1527:
4601:
4410:
Anthi
Revythiadou and Vasileios Spyropoulos (2009): "Οφίτικη Ποντιακή: Έρευνα γλωσσικής καταγραφής με έμφαση στη διαχρονία και συγχρονία της διαλέκτου"
3950:
4761:
4665:
775:. Out of their total population, around 200,000–300,000 are considered active Pontic speakers. Pontic Greek is also spoken in Turkey, Russia, Georgia,
1295:
4572:
1514:
created a new
Slavonic alphabet, but though a number of writers and poets make use of this alphabet, the population of the region rarely uses it.
1298:, and were resettled in Greece (mainly northern Greece). A second wave of migration occurred in the early 1990s, this time from countries of the
2713:
The following are features of Pontic Greek which have been retained from early forms of Greek, in contrast to the developments of Modern Greek.
6061:
1428:
4412:
5816:
5633:
1190:(Göneşera). Although less widespread, it is still spoken in some remote villages of the Of district itself. It is also spoken in the western
772:
506:
5481:
5384:
6435:
278:
5794:
5611:
4547:
1194:(Dipotamos) district of Rize province. Historically the dialect was spoken in a wider area, stretching further east to the port town of
5216:
4707:Τομπαΐδης, Δ.Ε. 1988. Η Ποντιακή Διάλεκτος. Αθήνα: Αρχείον Πόντου. (Tompaidis, D.E. 1988. The Pontic Dialect. Athens: Archeion Pontou.)
4736:
4265:
Mackridge, Peter (1987). "Greek-Speaking
Moslems of North-East Turkey: Prolegomena to a Study of the Ophitic Sub-Dialect of Pontic".
2264:
4756:
4360:
3855:
Armostis, Spyros; Voniati, Louiza; Drosos, Konstantinos; Tafiadis, Dionysos (2020). "Trapezountian Pontic Greek in
Etoloakarnania".
5455:
4821:
4771:
4213:
6385:
5474:
5420:
617:
5496:
4633:
2725:
The vowel "ω" merged with "o" even in those cases where Koine Greek received it as "ου" (ζωμίν = ζουμί, καρβώνι, ρωθώνι etc.).
4751:
4459:
4344:
3891:
1510:
versus
Demotic. A new attempt to preserve a sense of ethnic Rumaiic identity started in the mid-1980s. The Ukrainian scholar
4175:Özkan, Hakan (2013). "The Pontic Greek spoken by Muslims in the villages of Beşköy in the province of present-day Trabzon".
4766:
2047:
301:
4152:
4000:"Becoming Pontic: "Post-Socialist" Identities, "Transnational" Geography, and the "Native" Land of the Caucasian Greeks"
3794:
6370:
6054:
5751:
4689:
4267:
4177:
3834:
784:
6430:
5809:
5626:
4702:
4526:
4315:
4118:
2700:
1506:
Later revival of Greek identity in the Soviet Union and post-Communist Russia saw a renewed division on the issue of
736:, from the 11th century onwards. As a result, Pontic Greek is not completely mutually intelligible with the standard
2682:
1248:, from the 18th and 19th century and on substantial numbers migrated into the northern and eastern shores, into the
6425:
6420:
6395:
4134:
2482:
2351:
5374:
2569:
1280:. The language enjoyed some use as a literary medium in the 1930s, including a school grammar (Topkharas 1998 ).
291:
4662:
1105:
Speakers of
Chaldiot were the most numerous. In phonology, some varieties of Pontic are reported to demonstrate
1005:
Similar to most modern Greek dialects, Pontic Greek is mainly derived from Koine Greek, which was spoken in the
399:
6390:
6147:
5504:
4605:
2678:
258:
6440:
6415:
6410:
6344:
6047:
5379:
5284:
2674:
2438:
501:
6405:
6400:
6380:
6375:
6202:
6196:
5978:
5802:
5619:
5113:
4814:
3915:
2307:
1694:
1651:
1369:
1187:
1145:
Soviet Rumaiic, a Soviet variant of the Pontic Greek language spoken by the Pontic Greek population of the
240:
3433:
3429:
2811:"-ονος" (ο νέον → τη νέονος, ο πάππον → τη πάππονος, ο λύκον → τη λύκονος, ο Τούρκον → τη Τούρκονος etc.).
1570:
1558:
1134:, where the majority of Crimean Pontic Greeks of the Rumaiic subgroup now live. Other Pontic Greeks speak
869:
6214:
5824:
5641:
5043:
4746:
4085:
1960:
610:
4781:
4580:
409:
6316:
4782:
Austrian Academy of Sciences: Vanishing Languages and Cultural Heritage - Pontic Greek video collection
2394:
2220:
1917:
713:
Like nearly all of Greek varieties spoken today, the linguistic lineage of Pontic Greek stems from the
589:
5756:
5430:
5085:
2613:
2611:
2567:
2524:
2480:
2436:
2392:
2349:
2305:
2262:
2218:
2174:
2131:
2088:
2045:
2002:
1958:
1915:
1874:
1872:
1831:
1829:
1786:
1743:
1736:
1692:
1649:
1318:
1019:
683:
491:
4684:
Berikashvili, Svetlana. 2017. Morphological aspects of Pontic Greek spoken in Georgia. LINCOM GmbH.
4339:]. Choregia – Münstersche Griechenland-Studien. Vol. 11. Lienau, C. pp. 115–137.
476:
5348:
5188:
4419:
2663:
2526:
1745:
252:
6300:
5410:
5358:
5289:
5208:
4807:
4576:
2667:
2004:
1788:
1229:
1214:
1031:
812:
389:
121:
17:
4039:"Exiles and Pioneers: Oral Histories of Greeks Deported from the Caucasus to Kazakhstan in 1949"
1142:". There are approximately half a dozen dialects of Crimean (Mariupolitan) Pontic Greek spoken.
6365:
6112:
6107:
5600:
5319:
5227:
5136:
4965:
2176:
1738:
1135:
603:
404:
4518:
5994:
5968:
5699:
5435:
5323:
5243:
5222:
5173:
4551:
4533:
4482:[The identity of ophitic pontic: A linguistic study of its sources and its speakers]
4477:"I taftótita tis ofítikis pontiakís: Mia glossologikí meléti ton pigón kai ton omilitón tis"
2133:
2090:
1284:
660:
578:
527:
4506:
4333:
Muslimisch-Pontisch und die Sprachgemeinschaft des Pontisch-Griechischen im heutigen Trabzon
4137:[Nişanyan Dictionary - Turkish Etymological Dictionary] (in Turkish). Archived from
973:, denoting Byzantine Greeks. Nowadays, Pontic speakers living in Turkey call their language
6250:
6070:
5973:
5776:
5539:
5425:
5405:
5353:
5253:
5212:
4882:
749:
374:
360:
4694:
4479:Η ταυτότητα της οφίτικης ποντιακής: Mια γλωσσολογική μελέτη των πηγών και των ομιλητών της
8:
5832:
5725:
5649:
5559:
5400:
5248:
5028:
4986:
4854:
4364:
4155:[Greek Word Origin, Meaning of the Word - Etymology] (in Turkish). Archived from
1299:
779:, and Kazakhstan, as well as by the Pontic diaspora. It remains spoken in pockets of the
486:
6182:
6152:
6089:
6084:
5876:
5741:
5704:
5178:
5075:
4864:
4632:[ASPECTS OF THE EDUCATION AND SOCIETY OF THE GREEKS] (in Greek). Archived from
4284:
4066:
4058:
4019:
3884:
Romeika (Karadeniz Rumcası): edebiyat - gramer bilgileri ve ağızlar arasi karşılaştırma
3685:
1523:
1314:
1292:
1006:
714:
461:
379:
126:
6191:
232:
6259:
6245:
6240:
6207:
6124:
5912:
5902:
5862:
5684:
5564:
5518:
5499:
5304:
5269:
5131:
5107:
4698:
4685:
4522:
4507:
4455:
4340:
4311:
4288:
4114:
4070:
4023:
3887:
3695:
1578:
1322:
1277:
1233:
761:
757:
733:
466:
327:
80:
4190:
1424:
1408:
1084:
706:
variety, Pontic Greek is spoken by about 778,000 people worldwide, who are known as
297:
6275:
5937:
5917:
5870:
5866:
5846:
5783:
5709:
5574:
5544:
5340:
5309:
5183:
5052:
4874:
4276:
4247:
4186:
4050:
4011:
3980:
3864:
3723:
1339:
958:
864:
860:
788:
745:
741:
671:
511:
481:
471:
445:
330:
in green, with green dots indicating individual Cappadocian Greek villages in 1910.
323:
3831:"Against all odds: archaic Greek in a modern world | University of Cambridge"
6255:
6219:
6187:
6162:
6157:
6119:
6027:
5947:
5907:
5886:
5766:
5534:
5450:
5440:
5146:
4981:
4895:
4859:
4849:
4740:
4669:
4514:
4054:
3971:
Fann Bouteneff, Patricia (September 2003). "Greek Folktales from Imera, Pontos".
3690:
2886:
1330:
848:
800:
780:
768:
729:
687:
634:
548:
369:
196:
113:
64:
5694:
5158:
4476:
1363:
1225:
1179:
245:
6176:
6172:
5927:
5881:
5761:
5663:
5299:
5294:
5279:
5163:
5151:
4934:
4830:
4697:, Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük. 2 Cilt. Heyamola Yayıncılık. İstanbul, 2005.
4280:
3769:
3753:
1574:
1546:
1507:
1496:
1326:
1249:
1117:
900:
880:
816:
792:
703:
651:
574:
553:
496:
440:
188:
181:
161:
4786:
3999:
3868:
3727:
6359:
6280:
6270:
6166:
6015:
5952:
5771:
5584:
5579:
5549:
5415:
5314:
5141:
5126:
5094:
5038:
5033:
5008:
4908:
4653:
Survey carried out in 2001–2004, organized by St. Petersburg State University
4156:
3804:
3700:
2861:
1402:
1210:
1206:
1165:
1106:
1014:
737:
707:
584:
435:
393:
343:
94:
31:
3910:
969:
318:
5932:
5679:
5554:
5121:
5101:
4976:
4947:
4844:
4337:
Muslim-Pontic and the language community of Pontic Greek in today's Trabzon
2909:(εποθανείναι, μαθείναι, κόψ'ναι, ράψ'ναι, χαρίσ'ναι, αγαπέθειν, κοιμεθείν).
2848:
1146:
1010:
856:
796:
753:
352:
192:
4251:
4015:
3984:
216:
6264:
5070:
5062:
5020:
5003:
4998:
4921:
3503:ράψεινε, κράξεινε, μεθύσεινε, καλέσεινε, λαλήσεινε, κτυπήσεινε, καθίσεινε
2799:
The declension of masculine nouns from singular, nominative termination "
2729:
1534:
1467:
In Greece, Pontic has no official status, like all other Greek dialects.
1195:
835:
Historically, the speakers of Pontic Greek referred to their language as
824:
820:
725:
721:
717:
532:
383:
135:
131:
4138:
4062:
4038:
1385:
1191:
6039:
5746:
4732:
3799:
3493:
4. Attachment of the /e/ sound to the ancient aorist infinitive suffix
2904:
2761:
1351:
1288:
1221:
1202:
1161:
1013:
times between the 4th century BC and the 4th century AD. Following the
1436:
1375:
1357:
1183:
1175:
740:
spoken in mainland Greece today. Pontic also contains influences from
5330:
4509:
The Refugee Convention at fifty: a view from forced migration studies
3886:. Töz araştırma-inceleme (1. Baskı ed.). Ankara: Töz Yayınları.
3622:
1273:
1245:
691:
225:
209:
68:
4390:"Jason and the Argot: Land where Greece's Ancient Language Survives"
2652:
267:
6321:
5921:
5274:
4454:] (in Greek). Thessaloniki: Εκδοτικός Οίκος Αδελφών Κυριακίδη.
4235:
3931:
2817:
2806:
2791:
Preservation of the termination of feminine compound adjectives in
1500:
1418:
1343:
1257:
1131:
699:
695:
309:
1396:
1244:
Though Pontic was originally spoken on the southern shores of the
863:
times, the term reflects the identification of the Greek–speaking
6326:
6224:
4799:
1531:
1414:
1265:
1253:
1092:
1080:
1063:
776:
305:
3951:"Nostalgia, Emotionality, and Ethno-Regionalism in Pontic Greek
3015:
1. Attachment of the /e/ sound to the ancient infinitive suffix
1049:
5827:
5644:
4474:
4445:
Ofítiki: Ptychés tis Grammatikís Domís mias Pontiakís Dialéktou
2836:
1577:
following Turkish conventions. In Russia, it is written in the
1495:, All-Union Conference) of 1926, organised by the Greek–Soviet
1335:
1310:
1269:
1127:
1088:
803:
alphabet is rarely used in Russia and former Soviet countries.
275:
84:
76:
72:
4573:"News and Events: Endangered language opens window on to past"
4448:Οφίτικη: Πτυχές της Γραμματικής Δομής μιας Ποντιακής Διαλέκτου
4310:] (in Turkish) (2nd ed.). Istanbul: Belge Yayınları.
30:
This article is about the language. For the ethnic group, see
4602:"Pontic Greek (Trabzon Of dialect) - Turkish Dictionary (tr)"
3960:. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. pp. 65–69.
3854:
3713:
3627:
3608:
3592:
3576:
3560:
3544:
3494:
3480:
3464:
3415:
3399:
3383:
3367:
3351:
3335:
3319:
3303:
3287:
3271:
3239:
3225:
3209:
3193:
3177:
3161:
3145:
3129:
3113:
3097:
3081:
3065:
3049:
3016:
2995:
2937:
2930:
2922:
2777:
2771:
2765:
1591:
1583:
1563:
1551:
1261:
1139:
1067:
888:
874:
558:
4794:
The language of the mountains - the Rumca dialect of Sürmene
4404:
1209:
but has been lost in other variants of Modern Greek (except
1480:
1446:
1399:: A handful of villages, settled from the Of-Çaykara region
1381:
1096:
274:
Pontic Greek is classified as Definitely Endangered by the
4747:
Committee for Pontian Studies (Επιτροπή Ποντιακών Μελετών)
4452:
Ofitica Pontic: Aspects of the Grammar of a Pontic Dialect
961:, there is no special name for Pontic Greek; it is called
308:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
4236:"The Pontic dialect: a corrupt version of Ancient Greek?"
3932:"The Pontic dialect: a corrupt version of ancient Greek?"
1338:: Unknown (certainly more than 5,000), mostly in eastern
4475:
Revythiadou, A.; Spyropoulos, V.; Kakarikos, K. (1912).
4627:"OPSEIS TIS EKPAIDEUSIS KAI TIS KOINONIAS TON ELLINON"
4331:Özkan, H. (2013). Blume, Horst D.; Lienau, Cay (eds.).
1252:. Pontic is still spoken by large numbers of people in
1213:); it has therefore been characterized as "archaic" or
4442:
855:); a historical and colloquial term also used for the
4037:
Hionidou, Violetta; Saunders, David (November 2010).
2754:
4353:
3633:
645:
4629:ΟΨΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ
4153:"Rum Kelime Kökeni, Kelimesinin Anlamı - Etimoloji"
2842:-ον (ανάμνον, μείνον, κόψον, πίσον, ράψον, σβήσον).
1220:A very similar dialect is spoken by descendants of
1109:, a well-known feature of Turkish (Mirambel 1965).
1055:the Eastern group, which is again subdivided into:
665:
2770:" in neuter diminutive nouns from Ancient Greek "-
1503:should be the official language of the community.
1034:has divided the Pontic of Turkey into two groups:
773:1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey
4792:Hakan Özkan (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität),
4498:
3857:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
3716:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
3238:2. Preservation of the Ancient infinitive suffix
1260:, but also in other parts of Ukraine such as the
799:script is sporadically used in Turkey, while the
6357:
4361:"The cost of language, Pontiaka trebizond Greek"
4036:
3009:
1087:(Gümüşhane) and Kanin in Pontic), its vicinity (
4083:
1164:who had converted to Islam in the 17th century
1138:as their mother tongue, and are classified as "
4383:
4381:
3970:
1598:
6055:
5810:
5627:
5482:
4815:
986:
980:
962:
611:
5385:Institute for Language and Speech Processing
4752:Trebizond Greek: A language without a tongue
4135:"Nişanyan Sözlük - Türkçe Etimolojik Sözlük"
3664:
3638:
3601:
3585:
3569:
3553:
3537:
3511:
3501:
3473:
3457:
3408:
3392:
3376:
3360:
3344:
3328:
3312:
3296:
3280:
3264:
3218:
3202:
3186:
3170:
3154:
3138:
3122:
3106:
3090:
3074:
3058:
3042:
2989:
2983:
2975:
2963:
2915:
2907:
2896:
2890:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2854:-ούμαι (ανακατούμαι, σκοτούμαι, στεφανούμαι)
2852:
2840:
2821:
2809:
2800:
2792:
2783:
2745:
2733:
1169:
1121:
1043:
992:
974:
927:
908:
907:). Pontians also refer to their language as
894:
842:
836:
51:
45:
4789:video from Cambridge University, on YouTube
4739:", a Review Article of Drettas (1997). The
4436:
4378:
4091:Modern Greek Dialects and Linguistic Theory
3825:
3823:
3821:
3432:infinitive suffix -αι has been replaced by
3001:
2969:
2947:
2739:
2681:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1490:
1484:
1449:: Multiple villages and provincial capital.
936:
6062:
6048:
5817:
5803:
5634:
5620:
5489:
5475:
4822:
4808:
4565:
1239:
618:
604:
266:
4443:Revythiadou, A.; Spyropoulos, V. (2012).
4264:
4258:
4233:
4206:"Development of the Pontic Greek Dialect"
4203:
4084:Sitaridou, Ioanna; Kaltsa, Maria (2010).
3948:
3929:
2701:Learn how and when to remove this message
1228:) now living in Greece in the village of
6069:
5456:Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries
4170:
4168:
4166:
4049:(9). JSTOR: Taylor & Francis: 1480.
3818:
2898:-θητι): εγαπέθετε, εκοιμέθετε, εστάθετε.
1573:). Pontic, in Turkey, is written in the
1287:, the majority of speakers remaining in
317:
279:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4777:Development of the Pontic Greek Dialect
4743:summarizes the high points of the book.
4324:
4108:
2829:
302:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
6358:
4542:
4540:
4387:
3881:
3731:, with supplementary sound recordings.
1479:language of the Greek minority in the
1306:associations exist for its safeguard.
767:Today, Pontians live predominantly in
6043:
5798:
5615:
5470:
4803:
4330:
4234:Mackridge, Peter (October 10, 1991).
4174:
4163:
3997:
3991:
3768:
3752:
2794:-ος (η άλαλος, η άνοστος, η έμορφος).
1545:Pontic, in Greece, is written in the
791:. Pontic is primarily written in the
690:region on the southern shores of the
322:Anatolian Greek dialects until 1923;
4504:
4301:
4295:
3905:
3903:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3516:was also the regular perfect suffix)
2679:adding citations to reliable sources
2646:
1526:(among the most renowned writers is
1224:from the Of valley (especially from
1112:Outside Turkey one can distinguish:
859:language as a whole. Originating in
4537:
4488:Δελτίο Κέντρο Μικρασιατικών Σπουδών
4204:Topalidis, Sam (17 February 2017).
1475:Historically, Pontic Greek was the
24:
6436:Endangered Indo-European languages
4829:
4757:Pontic Greek: A cost of a language
4268:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
4178:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
3706:
2816:The ancient accenting of nouns in
2755:Declension of nouns and adjectives
1457:
1018:influenced by the nearby Persian,
967:(), derived from the Turkish word
25:
6452:
4772:Pontic Greek - English Dictionary
4726:
4388:Connor, Steve (January 3, 2011).
3900:
3780:
2920:("is") from Koine idiomatic form
811:Pontic Greek is classified as an
806:
728:, which later developed into the
6340:
6339:
6022:
6021:
6009:
5826:
5643:
5498:
4604:. Karalahana.com. Archived from
4550:. Karalahana.com. Archived from
4086:"Topicalisation in Pontic Greek"
2651:
351:
5375:Hellenic Foundation for Culture
4787:Archaic Greek in a modern world
4767:Argonautai Komninoi Association
4678:
4656:
4647:
4619:
4594:
4468:
4227:
4197:
4191:10.1179/0307013112z.00000000023
4145:
4127:
4102:
4077:
4030:
3964:
3930:Mackridge, Peter (1991-01-01).
3634:
3623:
1470:
6386:Languages of Georgia (country)
3942:
3923:
3875:
3848:
3759:
3743:
1313:: 400,000 speakers, mostly in
698:, and the Eastern Turkish and
13:
1:
5856:Recognized minority languages
5380:Center for the Greek Language
4938:
4925:
4912:
4899:
4886:
4796:(Conference, 8 December 2010)
4548:"Romeika - Pontic Greek (tr)"
3632:infinitive > Pontic Greek
3010:Comparison with Ancient Greek
2994:; "ours") from Ancient Greek
2956:
2936:), compare the Biblical form
2747:(σποντύλιν, σπίγγω, σπιντόνα)
1015:Seljuk invasion of Asia Minor
935:. The variety is also called
429:
326:in yellow. Pontic in orange.
5979:Central Taurus Sign Language
4579:. 2011-01-04. Archived from
4055:10.1080/09668136.2010.515794
3936:Journal of Refugee Studies 4
3916:Endangered Languages Project
3000:in contrast to Modern Greek
2997:τῶν ἡμετέρων (ton hemeteron)
2760:Preservation of the ancient
2716:
2642:
1540:
954:) in standard modern Greek.
895:
787:in the eastern districts of
646:
170:
7:
5948:Syriac/Assyrian/Neo-Aramaic
4413:"www.latsis-foundation.org"
3949:Tsekouras, Ioannis (2016).
3833:. July 2010. Archived from
3679:
2942:("there is"), Modern Greek
1236:, with about 400 speakers.
1025:
841:, also spelled in Latin as
666:
10:
6457:
6317:Language policy in Ukraine
4418:(in Greek). Archived from
4281:10.1179/030701387790203037
4240:Journal of Refugee Studies
3665:
3639:
3628:
3609:
3602:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3570:
3561:
3554:
3545:
3538:
3512:
3502:
3495:
3481:
3474:
3465:
3458:
3416:
3409:
3400:
3393:
3384:
3377:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3345:
3336:
3329:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3281:
3272:
3265:
3240:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3187:
3178:
3171:
3162:
3155:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3123:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3082:
3075:
3066:
3059:
3050:
3043:
3017:
2996:
2984:
2976:
2964:
2908:
2897:
2891:
2889:form of passive aorist in
2878:
2872:
2866:
2853:
2841:
2822:
2810:
2801:
2793:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2746:
2734:
1592:
1584:
1564:
1552:
1530:), novels, and translated
1517:
1384:: (21 villages, mostly in
1155:
1000:
928:
909:
889:
875:
852:
638:
52:
46:
29:
6371:Varieties of Modern Greek
6335:
6309:
6293:
6233:
6140:
6133:
6100:
6077:
6003:
5987:
5961:
5895:
5855:
5839:
5734:
5718:
5672:
5656:
5593:
5527:
5511:
5393:
5367:
5339:
5262:
5236:
5201:
5084:
5061:
4964:
4957:
4873:
4837:
4737:Aspects of Pontic grammar
4505:Selm, Joanne van (2003).
4109:Drettas, Georges (1997).
3869:10.1017/S0025100320000201
3728:10.1017/S0025100320000201
3021:(in Trapezountiac Pontic)
3002:
2970:
2948:
2879:εγαπέθα, εκοιμέθα, εστάθα
2740:
1485:
1462:
1201:Ophitic has retained the
1130:, but now principally in
1022:, and Turkish languages.
937:
904:
655:
288:
265:
251:
239:
223:
207:
202:
178:
153:
110:
100:
90:
59:
44:
39:
6431:Languages of the Balkans
5896:Other minority languages
4628:
4478:
4447:
4246:(4). Academia: 335–339.
3736:
2928:(standard Ancient Greek
1393:To the west of Trabzon:
1126:), originally spoken in
106:778,000 (2009–2015)
6426:Languages of Uzbekistan
6421:Languages of Kazakhstan
6396:Languages of Azerbaijan
6301:Ukrainian Sign Language
5411:Greek language question
4663:Asterix in Pontic Greek
4577:University of Cambridge
2990:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2916:
1492:Pansyndesmiakí Sýskepsi
1348:Of-dialectical region:
1240:Geographic distribution
1230:Nea Trapezounta, Pieria
1170:
1160:The inhabitants of the
1122:
1068:
1044:
1032:Manolis Triantafyllidis
993:
975:
843:
837:
830:
684:variety of Modern Greek
27:Variety of modern Greek
5601:Georgian Sign Language
3882:Tursun, Vahit (2023).
3510:5. Same aorist suffix
2864:aorist termination in
2823:άδελφε, Νίκολα, Μάρια.
1499:, it was decided that
1491:
1486:Πανσυνδεσμιακή Σύσκεψη
1285:massacres of the 1910s
1205:, which is present in
1058:the coastal subgroup (
987:
981:
963:
702:region. An endangered
675:
418:Languages and dialects
331:
290:This article contains
6391:Languages of Abkhazia
5995:Turkish bird language
5969:Turkish Sign Language
4400:on November 22, 2021.
4216:on September 24, 2020
4159:on December 28, 2021.
4141:on December 28, 2021.
4016:10.1353/imp.2003.0114
3998:Popov, Anton (2003).
3985:10.1515/fabl.2003.018
1075:the inland subgroup (
579:Pontic Greek genocide
541:Related ethnic groups
528:Greek Orthodox Church
321:
6441:Pontic Greek culture
6416:Languages of Armenia
6411:Languages of Ukraine
6101:Indigenous languages
6071:Languages of Ukraine
5974:Mardin Sign Language
5505:Languages of Georgia
5421:Morphemes in English
5406:Eteocypriot language
4838:Origin and genealogy
4302:Asan, Omer (2000) .
3766:Greek pronunciation:
3750:Greek pronunciation:
3003:των μας (ton mas.)
2962:The sporadic use of
2903:The sporadic use of
2851:verb termination in
2830:Conjugation of verbs
2738:" instead of Koine "
2728:Preservation of the
2675:improve this section
1291:were subject to the
1116:the Northern group (
1095:, etc.), and around
785:Pontic Greek Muslims
710:or Pontian Greeks.
6406:Languages of Russia
6401:Languages of Cyprus
6381:Languages of Turkey
6376:Languages of Greece
5833:Languages of Turkey
5726:Greek Sign Language
5650:Languages of Greece
5426:Terms of endearment
5401:Eteocretan language
5368:Promotion and study
4855:Pre-Greek substrate
4513:. Lexington, Mass:
4252:10.1093/jrs/4.4.335
4113:. ARP. p. 19.
4043:Europe-Asia Studies
3837:on February 2, 2021
3770:[pondiaˈka]
1569:for (phonological
1549:, with diacritics:
1354:: multiple villages
1300:former Soviet Union
1296:population exchange
1038:the Western group (
507:Population exchange
487:Empire of Trebizond
337:Part of a series on
6134:Minority languages
6078:Official languages
5528:Minority languages
5446:Greek Language Day
5076:Jewish Koine Greek
4865:Hellenic languages
4762:The Pontic Dialect
4668:2012-10-05 at the
4583:on January 1, 2020
3754:[roˈmeika]
3686:Mariupolitan Greek
1528:Kostas Diamantidis
1524:poetry collections
1483:, although in the
1360:: (24–70 villages)
1293:Treaty of Lausanne
1166:remained in Turkey
942:Pontiakḗ diálektos
938:Ποντιακή διάλεκτος
926:) and at times as
865:Byzantine subjects
783:region, mostly by
720:, itself based on
686:indigenous to the
462:Black Sea colonies
332:
6353:
6352:
6289:
6288:
6037:
6036:
6016:Turkey portal
5988:Whistle languages
5840:Official language
5792:
5791:
5752:Macedonian Slavic
5657:Official language
5609:
5608:
5512:Official language
5464:
5463:
5270:Cypriot syllabary
5197:
5196:
5071:Hellenistic Koine
4461:978-960-467-344-5
4346:978-3-934017-15-3
4111:Aspects pontiques
3893:978-605-71864-6-1
3807:on April 12, 2018
3696:Cappadocian Greek
3675:
3674:
3621:6. Ancient Greek
3616:
3615:
3488:
3487:
3423:
3422:
3233:
3232:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2640:
2639:
1579:Cyrillic alphabet
1417:: (3 villages in
1234:Central Macedonia
664:
644:
628:
627:
492:Fall of Trebizond
467:Kingdom of Pontus
316:
315:
298:rendering support
294:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
6448:
6343:
6342:
6138:
6137:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6041:
6040:
6025:
6024:
6014:
6013:
6012:
5938:Levantine Arabic
5831:
5830:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5796:
5795:
5757:Megleno-Romanian
5648:
5647:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5613:
5612:
5545:Western Armenian
5503:
5502:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5189:Greco-Australian
4962:
4961:
4943:
4940:
4930:
4927:
4917:
4914:
4904:
4901:
4891:
4888:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4801:
4800:
4673:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4544:
4535:
4532:
4512:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4485:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4396:. Archived from
4385:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4363:. Archived from
4357:
4351:
4350:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4212:. Archived from
4201:
4195:
4194:
4172:
4161:
4160:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4034:
4028:
4027:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3979:(3–4): 292–312.
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3827:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3803:. Archived from
3791:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3730:
3668:
3667:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3442:
3441:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3291:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2968:in the place of
2967:
2966:
2951:
2950:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2856:
2855:
2844:
2843:
2825:
2824:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2732:consonant pair "
2706:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2655:
2647:
2618:
2617:
2574:
2573:
2531:
2530:
2487:
2486:
2443:
2442:
2399:
2398:
2356:
2355:
2312:
2311:
2269:
2268:
2225:
2224:
2181:
2180:
2138:
2137:
2095:
2094:
2052:
2051:
2009:
2008:
1965:
1964:
1922:
1921:
1879:
1878:
1836:
1835:
1793:
1792:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1699:
1698:
1656:
1655:
1605:
1604:
1599:Pontic Knowledge
1596:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1443:Caucasus region
1433:Yağlıdere-kromni
1340:Black Sea Region
1173:
1125:
1071:
1047:
996:
990:
984:
978:
966:
953:
950:
947:
940:
939:
931:
930:
925:
922:
919:
914:Pontiakón lalían
912:
911:
910:Ποντιακόν λαλίαν
906:
898:
892:
891:
878:
877:
854:
846:
840:
789:Trabzon Province
771:, following the
669:
659:
657:
649:
643:romanized:
642:
640:
620:
613:
606:
482:Byzantine Empire
472:Mithridatic Wars
355:
334:
333:
282:
270:
261:
235:
219:
212:
184:
116:
55:
54:
49:
48:
37:
36:
21:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6331:
6305:
6285:
6229:
6129:
6096:
6073:
6068:
6038:
6033:
6010:
6008:
5999:
5983:
5957:
5891:
5851:
5835:
5825:
5823:
5793:
5788:
5762:Pomak Bulgarian
5735:Other languages
5730:
5714:
5673:Greek varieties
5668:
5652:
5642:
5640:
5610:
5605:
5589:
5523:
5507:
5497:
5495:
5465:
5460:
5451:Trojan language
5441:Minoan language
5389:
5363:
5335:
5263:Writing systems
5258:
5254:Standard Modern
5232:
5228:Standard Modern
5193:
5147:Greco/Calabrian
5080:
5057:
4953:
4941:
4928:
4915:
4902:
4896:Mycenaean Greek
4889:
4869:
4860:Graeco-Phrygian
4850:Graeco-Armenian
4833:
4828:
4729:
4681:
4676:
4670:Wayback Machine
4661:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4639:
4637:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4611:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4586:
4584:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4557:
4555:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4529:
4515:Lexington Books
4503:
4499:
4483:
4480:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4386:
4379:
4370:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4300:
4296:
4263:
4259:
4232:
4228:
4219:
4217:
4202:
4198:
4173:
4164:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4121:
4107:
4103:
4082:
4078:
4035:
4031:
3996:
3992:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3947:
3943:
3928:
3924:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3880:
3876:
3853:
3849:
3840:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3808:
3793:
3792:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3709:
3707:Further reading
3691:Caucasus Greeks
3682:
3012:
2977:δός με ας τρόω.
2959:
2832:
2779:παιδίον, χωρίον
2757:
2719:
2707:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2672:
2656:
2645:
2610:
2566:
2523:
2479:
2435:
2391:
2348:
2304:
2261:
2217:
2173:
2130:
2087:
2044:
2001:
1957:
1914:
1871:
1828:
1785:
1735:
1691:
1648:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1590:
1582:
1562:
1550:
1543:
1520:
1512:Andriy Biletsky
1473:
1465:
1460:
1458:Official status
1405:: (17 villages)
1378:: (31 villages)
1366:: (13 villages)
1242:
1186:(Sourmena) and
1158:
1066:(Ancient Greek
1052:(Turkish Ünye);
1030:Greek linguist
1028:
1003:
951:
948:
945:
923:
920:
917:
833:
809:
769:Northern Greece
730:Byzantine Greek
694:, northeastern
624:
591:Amele taburları
549:Caucasus Greeks
296:Without proper
284:
283:
273:
257:
231:
215:
208:
185:
180:
171:Ophitic dialect
165:
149:
117:
114:Language family
112:
103:
102:Native speakers
63:originally the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6454:
6444:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6294:Sign languages
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6200:
6197:Southern Kresy
6194:
6185:
6180:
6170:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6144:
6142:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6067:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6044:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6019:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5965:
5963:
5962:Sign languages
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5822:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5799:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5719:Sign languages
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5653:
5639:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5616:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5597:
5595:
5594:Sign languages
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5494:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5471:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5300:Greek numerals
5297:
5295:Attic numerals
5292:
5287:
5280:Greek alphabet
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5139:
5137:Constantinople
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5105:
5098:
5090:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5001:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4979:
4970:
4968:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4945:
4935:Medieval Greek
4932:
4919:
4906:
4893:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4831:Greek language
4827:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4790:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4728:
4727:External links
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4692:
4690:978-3862888528
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4655:
4646:
4618:
4593:
4564:
4536:
4527:
4497:
4467:
4460:
4435:
4403:
4377:
4352:
4345:
4323:
4316:
4308:Pontos Culture
4304:Pontos Kültürü
4294:
4275:(1): 115–137.
4257:
4226:
4196:
4185:(1): 130–150.
4162:
4144:
4126:
4119:
4101:
4076:
4029:
4010:(2): 339–360.
3990:
3963:
3941:
3922:
3899:
3892:
3874:
3863:(2): 328–340.
3847:
3817:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3758:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3722:(2): 328–340.
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3645:
3644:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2980:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2912:
2901:
2883:
2858:
2845:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2814:
2797:
2789:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2659:
2657:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2619:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2575:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2532:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2488:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2444:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2400:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2357:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2313:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2270:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2226:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2182:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2139:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2096:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2053:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2010:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1966:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1923:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1751:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1700:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1657:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1575:Latin alphabet
1547:Greek alphabet
1542:
1539:
1519:
1516:
1497:intelligentsia
1472:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1427:: Sparsely in
1422:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1372:: (5 villages)
1367:
1361:
1355:
1333:
1250:Russian Empire
1241:
1238:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1118:Mariupol Greek
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1073:
1053:
1027:
1024:
1002:
999:
949:Pontic dialect
881:Medieval Greek
832:
829:
817:Greek language
808:
807:Classification
805:
704:Greek language
626:
625:
623:
622:
615:
608:
600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
587:
582:
575:Greek genocide
569:
568:
564:
563:
562:
561:
556:
554:Crimean Greeks
551:
543:
542:
538:
537:
536:
535:
530:
522:
521:
517:
516:
515:
514:
509:
504:
499:
497:Ottoman Empire
494:
489:
484:
479:
477:Roman Anatolia
474:
469:
464:
456:
455:
451:
450:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
420:
419:
415:
414:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
387:
377:
372:
364:
363:
361:Pontic culture
357:
356:
348:
347:
339:
338:
314:
313:
300:, you may see
286:
285:
272:
271:
263:
262:
255:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
229:
221:
220:
213:
205:
204:
203:Language codes
200:
199:
186:
182:Writing system
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
168:
167:
166:
162:Mariupol Greek
155:
151:
150:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
120:
118:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
61:
57:
56:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6453:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6366:Pontic Greeks
6364:
6363:
6361:
6346:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6108:Crimean Tatar
6106:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6065:
6060:
6058:
6053:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6030:
6029:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6006:
6005:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5820:
5815:
5813:
5808:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5772:Balkan Romani
5770:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5646:
5637:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5623:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5492:
5487:
5485:
5480:
5478:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5320:Cyrillization
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Archaic forms
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5152:Griko/Apulian
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4988:
4987:Arcadocypriot
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4949:
4946:
4936:
4933:
4929: 300 BC
4923:
4920:
4910:
4909:Ancient Greek
4907:
4897:
4894:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:975-6121-00-9
4700:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4650:
4636:on 2011-07-21
4635:
4631:
4622:
4608:on 2008-03-12
4607:
4603:
4597:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4554:on 2014-02-25
4553:
4549:
4543:
4541:
4534:
4530:
4528:0-7391-0565-5
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4510:
4501:
4493:
4489:
4481:
4471:
4463:
4457:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4425:on 2012-01-31
4421:
4414:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4382:
4367:on 2013-04-11
4366:
4362:
4356:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4317:975-344-220-3
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4122:
4120:2-9510349-0-3
4116:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3956:
3954:
3945:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3851:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3762:
3755:
3746:
3742:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3702:
3701:Italiot Greek
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3670:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3620:
3619:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3568:
3567:
3559:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3434:second aorist
3431:
3427:
3426:
3414:
3407:
3406:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3382:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3359:
3358:
3350:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3327:
3326:
3318:
3311:
3310:
3302:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3224:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3185:
3184:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3153:
3152:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3128:
3121:
3120:
3112:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3057:
3056:
3048:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3014:
3013:
2992:
2981:
2961:
2960:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2902:
2888:
2884:
2863:
2862:passive voice
2859:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2798:
2790:
2785:παιδίν, χωρίν
2763:
2759:
2758:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2705:
2702:
2694:
2691:February 2020
2684:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2660:This section
2658:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:С с, Ф ф, Т т
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1618:Latin-English
1617:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1580:
1576:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:Italiot Greek
1208:
1207:Ancient Greek
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:Crimean Tatar
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:vowel harmony
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1060:Trapezountiac
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
998:
995:
989:
983:
977:
972:
971:
965:
960:
955:
943:
934:
921:Pontic speech
915:
902:
897:
886:
882:
872:
871:
866:
862:
858:
850:
845:
839:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:Indo-European
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:Demotic Greek
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
662:
653:
648:
636:
632:
621:
616:
614:
609:
607:
602:
601:
599:
598:
593:
592:
588:
586:
585:Amasya trials
583:
580:
576:
573:
572:
571:
570:
566:
565:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
544:
540:
539:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
519:
518:
513:
512:Modern Turkey
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
457:
453:
452:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
431:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:
417:
416:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:
362:
359:
358:
354:
350:
349:
346:
345:
344:Pontic Greeks
341:
340:
336:
335:
329:
325:
320:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
293:
287:
280:
277:
269:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
228:
227:
222:
218:
214:
211:
206:
201:
198:
194:
190:
187:
183:
177:
172:
169:
163:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
152:
142:
139:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:Indo-European
119:
115:
109:
105:
99:
96:
95:Pontic Greeks
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
43:
38:
33:
32:Pontic Greeks
19:
6234:Unrecognized
6026:
6007:
5942:
5700:Romano-Greek
5689:
5570:Pontic Greek
5569:
5324:Romanization
5174:Romano-Greek
5168:
5164:Mariupolitan
5112:
5102:Katharevousa
5100:
5093:
4950:(since 1453)
4948:Modern Greek
4845:Graeco-Aryan
4695:Özhan Öztürk
4679:Bibliography
4658:
4649:
4638:. Retrieved
4634:the original
4621:
4610:. Retrieved
4606:the original
4596:
4585:. Retrieved
4581:the original
4567:
4556:. Retrieved
4552:the original
4508:
4500:
4491:
4490:(in Greek).
4487:
4470:
4451:
4444:
4438:
4427:. Retrieved
4420:the original
4406:
4398:the original
4393:
4369:. Retrieved
4365:the original
4355:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4218:. Retrieved
4214:the original
4209:
4199:
4182:
4176:
4157:the original
4147:
4139:the original
4129:
4110:
4104:
4095:
4089:
4079:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3952:
3944:
3935:
3925:
3914:
3883:
3877:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3839:. Retrieved
3835:the original
3809:. Retrieved
3805:the original
3798:
3761:
3745:
3719:
3715:
3657:
3652:
3530:
3525:
3450:
3445:
3430:first aorist
3257:
3252:
3035:
3030:
2943:
2929:
2921:
2849:middle voice
2712:
2697:
2688:
2673:Please help
2661:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:αλάτσ̌εμαν,
2012:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1544:
1535:comic albums
1521:
1505:
1476:
1474:
1471:Soviet Union
1466:
1429:Torul-ardasa
1364:Dernekpazarı
1304:
1282:
1256:, mainly in
1243:
1219:
1215:conservative
1200:
1180:Dernekpazarı
1159:
1147:Soviet Union
1111:
1104:
1085:Argyroupolis
1076:
1059:
1039:
1029:
1004:
968:
956:
941:
932:
913:
884:
883:language as
868:
857:Modern Greek
834:
810:
793:Greek script
766:
712:
679:
631:Pontic Greek
630:
629:
590:
425:
410:Architecture
342:
289:
253:Linguasphere
224:
141:Pontic Greek
140:
40:Pontic Greek
6251:Azerbaijani
5777:Vlax Romani
5685:Cappadocian
5540:Azerbaijani
5431:Place names
5305:Orthography
5114:Misthiotika
5108:Cappadocian
4922:Koine Greek
4903: 1600
4890: 2900
4883:Proto-Greek
4394:Independent
4210:PontosWorld
3436:suffix -ειν
3428:3. Ancient
3337:ἀποδιαβῆναι
3330:επιδεαβήναι
2905:infinitives
2835:The second
2406:ιμεσσα, nos
2188:ν, themeter
2023:alácheman,
1553:σ̌ ζ̌ ξ̌ ψ̌
1411:: 1 village
1268:region, in
1178:(Katohor),
1007:Hellenistic
734:Cappadocian
726:Ionic Greek
715:Hellenistic
567:Persecution
533:Sunni Islam
502:World War I
428:(including
328:Cappadocian
304:instead of
6360:Categories
6260:Carpathian
6148:Belarusian
6141:Recognized
5747:Arvanitika
5560:Mingrelian
5341:Literature
5310:Diacritics
5053:Pamphylian
5044:Macedonian
5025:Northwest
4942: 330
4916: 800
4733:Mark Janse
4640:2011-01-15
4612:2013-03-20
4587:2013-03-20
4558:2013-03-20
4517:. p.
4494:: 217–275.
4429:2011-10-29
4371:2013-03-31
4220:2017-05-01
4098:: 259–279.
4004:Ab Imperio
3841:2013-03-31
3811:2018-04-11
3800:Ethnologue
3643:infinitive
3369:κτυπηθῆναι
3362:χτυπεθήναι
3353:κοιμηθῆναι
3346:κοιμεθήναι
3076:αποθανείνε
3018:–εῖν, -ειν
2957:Lexicology
2887:imperative
2762:nominative
2414:imesa, нос
2410:imesa, nós
2196:n, ҭеметер
2192:n, þeméter
2019:alaçeman,
1980:tópon, осп
1976:topon, osp
1972:τόπον, osp
1706:αίνω, kati
1289:Asia Minor
1283:After the
1222:Christians
1203:infinitive
1198:(Athina).
1040:Oinountiac
879:) and the
750:Kartvelian
390:Folk dance
6183:Hungarian
6153:Bulgarian
6085:Ukrainian
5877:Bulgarian
5742:Aromanian
5705:Tsakonian
5535:Abkhazian
5354:Byzantine
5331:Greeklish
5202:Phonology
5179:Tsakonian
5132:Himariote
4982:Mycenaean
4958:Varieties
4905:–1100 BC)
4892:–1600 BC)
4289:163034102
4071:144384647
4024:131320546
3953:Parakathi
3385:εὑρεθῆναι
3378:ευρεθήναι
3289:καταβῆναι
3282:κατεβήναι
3083:ἀποθανεῖν
2991:temeteron
2985:τεμέτερον
2782:; Pontic
2717:Phonology
2662:does not
2643:Archaisms
2283:omejika,
2279:omeyika,
2275:ωμαίικα,
2027:алачеман
1714:ënô, кати
1710:eno, kati
1671:, ромейик
1667:, romejik
1663:, romeyik
1625:alphabet
1615:alphabet
1541:Alphabets
1425:Gümüşhane
1421:district)
1409:Beşikdüzü
1388:district)
1370:Köprübaşı
1329:) and in
1315:Macedonia
1274:Stavropol
1246:Black Sea
1188:Köprübaşı
1182:(Kondu),
1162:Of valley
1069:Trapezous
1064:Trebizond
1062:) around
1048:) around
1020:Caucasian
861:Byzantine
692:Black Sea
661:romanized
647:Rhomaiika
259:56-AAA-aj
226:Glottolog
210:ISO 639-3
91:Ethnicity
69:Black Sea
6345:Category
6322:Balachka
6246:Armenian
6241:Albanian
6208:Moldovan
6203:Romanian
6125:Krymchak
6113:dialects
6090:dialects
6028:Category
5953:Zaza(ki)
5922:Kurmanji
5913:Georgian
5903:Albanian
5863:Armenian
5565:Ossetian
5519:Georgian
5436:Proverbs
5275:Linear B
5217:teaching
4973:Central
4931:–AD 330)
4918:–300 BC)
4666:Archived
4063:25764696
3955:Singing"
3911:"Pontic"
3795:"Pontic"
3680:See also
3513:–κα (–κα
3475:μεθύσειν
3401:βραχῆναι
3394:βρασήναι
3273:ἀναβῆναι
3266:ανεβήναι
2839:form in
2818:vocative
2807:genitive
2764:suffix "
2601:Hh, KHkh
2458:é, кemen
2454:e, kemen
2450:έ, kemen
2240:esa, ега
2236:esa, egá
2232:εσα, eğa
2184:τ'εμέτερ
1850:gápesa,
1846:ğapesa,
1842:γάπεσα,
1685:Bb/Vv/Ww
1631:Example
1623:Cyrillic
1620:alphabet
1610:alphabet
1559:/ʃʒkʃpʃ/
1477:de facto
1419:Bulancak
1386:İkizdere
1344:Istanbul
1272:(around
1258:Mariupol
1192:İkizdere
1132:Mariupol
1093:Baibourt
1083:(around
1077:Chaldiot
1026:Dialects
905:Ποντιακά
896:Pontiaká
885:Rhomaikḗ
870:Rhomaioi
853:Ρωμαίικα
827:branch.
801:Cyrillic
762:Armenian
758:Georgian
752:(namely
700:Caucasus
696:Anatolia
667:Pontiaka
656:Ποντιακά
639:Ρωμαίικα
520:Religion
430:Oflidika
400:Clothing
310:Help:IPA
233:pont1253
197:Cyrillic
154:Dialects
127:Hellenic
53:ρωμαίικα
47:ποντιακά
6327:Surzhyk
6310:Related
6276:Turkish
6271:Swedish
6225:Yiddish
6215:Russian
6177:Ruméika
5943:Romeika
5918:Kurdish
5871:Western
5867:Eastern
5847:Turkish
5784:Turkish
5710:Yevanic
5575:Russian
5416:Exonyms
5349:Ancient
5315:Braille
5285:History
5244:Ancient
5237:Grammar
5209:Ancient
5184:Yevanic
5142:Italiot
5127:Cypriot
5095:Demotic
5039:Locrian
5034:Epirote
5029:Achaean
5009:Homeric
4966:Ancient
4875:Periods
3671:ἐλθεῖν
3666:ερθέανε
3658:Ancient
3640:(-έανε)
3578:ἐποίηκα
3562:ἐνέδωκα
3531:Ancient
3482:μεθύσαι
3459:κράξειν
3451:Ancient
3417:ῥαγῆναι
3321:ἐκβῆναι
3314:εβγήναι
3305:ἐμβῆναι
3298:εμπήναι
3258:Ancient
3220:μενείνε
3204:ερθέανε
3188:μαθείνε
3156:καμείνε
3140:ευρείνε
3108:ειδείνε
3060:παθείνε
3044:ειπείνε
3036:Ancient
2982:Pontic
2914:Pontic
2683:removed
2668:sources
2589:a,.эмор
2585:a, émop
2581:α, emor
2502:a, мани
2498:a, maní
2494:α, mani
2423:ΤΖ̌ τζ̌
2327:palō, а
2323:palo, a
2319:παλώ, a
2287:омейка
2153:, олиго
2149:, olígo
2145:, oliğо
1893:antóſ,
1889:antos,
1885:αντός,
1854:гапеса
1764:aneyô,
1760:anevo,
1756:ανεύω,
1659:ρωμαίικ
1613:Turkish
1532:Asterix
1518:Culture
1508:Rumaiic
1501:Demotic
1437:Dumanlı
1415:Giresun
1376:Sürmene
1358:Çaykara
1342:and in
1323:Central
1278:Georgia
1266:Donetsk
1254:Ukraine
1184:Sürmene
1176:Çaykara
1171:Romeika
1156:Ophitic
1123:Rumeíka
1099:(Ordu).
1097:Kotyora
1081:Chaldia
1045:Niotika
1001:History
994:Rumcika
976:Romeyka
959:Turkish
890:Ῥωμαική
876:Ῥωμαῖοι
844:Romeyka
838:Romeika
819:of the
777:Armenia
746:Turkish
742:Russian
682:) is a
680:Romeika
672:Turkish
663::
454:History
446:Turkish
426:Romeika
375:Cuisine
324:Demotic
306:Unicode
81:Georgia
71:coast;
67:on the
18:Romeyka
6256:Romani
6220:Slovak
6188:Polish
6167:Zipser
6163:German
6158:Gagauz
6120:Karaim
5928:Ladino
5908:Domari
5887:Hebrew
5767:Romani
5695:Maniot
5690:Pontic
5680:Cretan
5359:Modern
5213:accent
5169:Pontic
5159:Maniot
5122:Cretan
5086:Modern
4977:Aeolic
4944:–1453)
4701:
4688:
4525:
4458:
4343:
4314:
4287:
4117:
4069:
4061:
4022:
3973:Fabula
3938:: 337.
3890:
3653:Pontic
3629:(-εῖν)
3571:εποίκα
3555:εντώκα
3526:Pontic
3466:κράξαι
3446:Pontic
3410:ραήναι
3253:Pontic
3227:μένειν
3211:ἐλθεῖν
3195:μαθεῖν
3179:φαγεῖν
3172:φαείνε
3163:καμεῖν
3147:εὑρεῖν
3131:φυγεῖν
3124:φυείνε
3115:εἰδεῖν
3092:πιείνε
3067:παθεῖν
3051:εἰπεῖν
3031:Pontic
2924:enesti
2870:(anc.
2837:aorist
2820:form:
2632:áson,
2628:ason,
2624:άσον,
2418:имеса
2370:érin,
2366:erin,
2362:έριν,
2066:alía,
2062:alia,
2058:αλία,
1984:топон
1897:антос
1807:ónti,
1803:onti,
1799:όντι,
1768:анево
1597:. The
1571:/iaio/
1463:Greece
1336:Turkey
1331:Attica
1311:Greece
1276:) and
1270:Russia
1128:Crimea
1089:Kelkit
982:Urumce
933:Laziká
929:Λαζικά
849:Pontic
795:; the
781:Pontus
760:) and
708:Pontic
688:Pontus
635:Pontic
370:Pontos
281:(2010)
276:UNESCO
246:Pontic
85:Turkey
83:, and
77:Russia
73:Greece
65:Pontus
60:Region
6173:Greek
5882:Greek
5664:Greek
5394:Other
5249:Koine
5223:Koine
5063:Koine
5021:Doric
5017:West
5004:Ionic
4999:Attic
4995:East
4741:paper
4484:(PDF)
4450:[
4423:(PDF)
4416:(PDF)
4335:[
4306:[
4285:S2CID
4067:S2CID
4059:JSTOR
4020:S2CID
3958:(PDF)
3737:Notes
3635:–eane
3610:ἔθηκα
3603:εθήκα
3594:ἀφῆκα
3587:εφήκα
3546:ἔδωκα
3539:εδώκα
3241:-ῆναι
3099:πιεῖν
2949:είναι
2895:(anc
2892:-θετε
2805:" to
2730:Ionic
2636:асон
2616:]
2612:[
2604:Hh/Xx
2572:]
2568:[
2549:и́aн
2545:ían,
2541:ian,
2537:ίαν,
2529:]
2525:[
2517:Uu/Yy
2485:]
2481:[
2473:CH ch
2467:ΤΣ τς
2446:κεμεν
2441:]
2437:[
2397:]
2393:[
2374:ерин
2354:]
2350:[
2342:SH sh
2336:Χ̌ χ̌
2331:пalо
2310:]
2306:[
2267:]
2263:[
2223:]
2219:[
2179:]
2175:[
2141:ολίγο
2136:]
2132:[
2109:ána,
2105:ana,
2101:άνα,
2093:]
2089:[
2070:алиа
2050:]
2046:[
2007:]
2003:[
1963:]
1959:[
1936:ékô,
1932:eko,
1928:έκω,
1920:]
1916:[
1905:TH th
1877:]
1873:[
1834:]
1830:[
1811:онти
1791:]
1787:[
1776:DH dh
1748:]
1744:[
1741:]
1737:[
1697:]
1693:[
1654:]
1650:[
1608:Greek
1565:α̈ ο̈
1403:Tonya
1397:Maçka
1262:Odesa
1226:Kondu
1196:Pazar
1140:Urums
1079:) in
1072:) and
1050:Oenoe
1011:Roman
988:Rumca
964:Rumca
901:Greek
825:Ionic
821:Attic
797:Latin
722:Attic
718:Koine
676:Rumca
652:Greek
559:Urums
441:Greek
394:serra
380:Music
193:Latin
189:Greek
136:Ionic
132:Attic
6281:Urum
6265:Vlax
6192:Lviv
5585:Urum
5580:Svan
5550:Bats
5322:and
4699:ISBN
4686:ISBN
4523:ISBN
4456:ISBN
4341:ISBN
4312:ISBN
4115:ISBN
4008:2003
3888:ISBN
3624:–ein
3496:–ειν
2932:esti
2885:The
2882:etc.
2873:-θην
2860:The
2847:The
2666:any
2664:cite
2577:έμορ
2490:μανί
2448:τζ̌
2244:еса
2113:ана
1940:еко
1718:ено
1702:κατη
1628:IPA
1557:for
1481:USSR
1447:Kars
1382:Rize
1327:West
1325:and
1319:East
1264:and
1009:and
831:Name
756:and
436:Urum
384:lyra
164:(?),
5933:Laz
5555:Laz
4735:, "
4277:doi
4248:doi
4187:doi
4051:doi
4012:doi
3981:doi
3865:doi
3724:doi
2944:ine
2939:eni
2876:):
2867:-θα
2802:-ον
2776:" (
2773:ίον
2677:by
2607:Х х
2598:Χ χ
2563:Ф ф
2560:F f
2557:F f
2554:Φ φ
2520:У у
2514:U u
2511:Υ υ
2483:t͡ʃ
2476:Ч ч
2470:Ç ç
2439:d͡ʒ
2432:Ц ц
2429:C c
2426:C c
2402:νόσ
2388:Т т
2385:T t
2382:T t
2379:Τ τ
2345:Ш ш
2339:Ş ş
2301:С с
2298:S s
2295:S s
2292:Σ ς
2258:Р р
2255:R r
2252:R r
2249:Ρ ρ
2228:εγά
2214:П п
2208:P p
2205:Π π
2170:О о
2167:O o
2164:O o
2161:Ο ο
2127:Н н
2124:N n
2121:N n
2118:Ν ν
2084:М м
2081:M m
2078:M m
2075:Μ μ
2041:Л л
2038:L l
2035:L l
2032:Λ λ
1998:К к
1995:K k
1992:K k
1989:Κ κ
1968:οσπ
1954:И и
1951:I i
1948:İ i
1945:Ι ι
1908:Þ þ
1902:Θ θ
1868:З з
1865:Z z
1862:Z z
1859:Ζ ζ
1825:Е е
1822:E e
1819:E e
1816:Ε ε
1782:Д д
1779:D d
1773:Δ δ
1732:Г г
1729:G g
1726:Ğ ğ
1723:Γ γ
1688:В в
1682:V v
1679:Β β
1645:А а
1642:A a
1639:A a
1636:Α α
1120:or
1042:or
991:or
970:Rum
957:In
867:as
754:Laz
678:or
405:Art
292:IPA
241:ELP
217:pnt
6362::
5869:,
4939:c.
4926:c.
4913:c.
4900:c.
4887:c.
4575:.
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4521:.
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1961:i
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